The COVID-19 pandemic transformed health care delivery in many ways, including by leading to a substantial increase in the use of telehealth. To reduce the risk of transmitting the virus to patients and health care workers, the entire system rapidly adopted telehealth services - with a big push from changes in Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement rates. Along with this transformation has come a flood of new research that studied the impact of telehealth on health outcomes and health care delivery. What normally would have taken many years of research took place in only a couple of years. More than 80 relevant studies, including meta-analyses or systematic reviews (studies that summarize studies), were published from 2021 to 2022. Many studies examined major telehealth modalities such as live video, telephone, and e-visit care delivery, as well as hybrid health care delivery, in which patients receive both in-person and telehealth services from the same providers or provider group. The authors reviewed these studies and summarized their findings in this report. The analysis will be particularly interesting to (1) health care policymakers and payers interested in learning about the effectiveness of telehealth relative to in-person care in terms of health outcomes, processes of care, and utilization of other health care services; (2) delivery system practitioners developing practice guidelines for when to use telehealth (please download the Supplement to find even greater detail); and (3) researchers wanting to understand where further study is needed.
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