Using academic literature, quantitative data analysis and interviews with academic experts, this report finds that the UK health care system: (1) has fewer key resources than its peers; (2) performs relatively well on some measures of efficiency but waiting times for common procedures were ‘middle-of-the-pack’ before the Covid-19 pandemic and have deteriorated sharply since; and (3) performs well on protecting people from some of the financial costs of ill health but lags behind its peers on important health care outcomes including life expectancy and deaths that could have been avoided through timely and effective health care and public health and preventive services. The report concludes that there is little evidence that one particular ‘type’ of health care system or model of health care funding produces systematically better results than another. Countries predominantly try to achieve better health outcomes by improving their existing model of health care, rather than by adopting a radically different model.
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