Youth with disabilities--particularly those receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI)--face individual, family, and systemic barriers to achieving education and employment outcomes that can undermine their longer-term success. Nearly one-third of youth SSI recipients drop out of high school before reaching age 18. Youth receiving SSI also have lower rates of competitive employment and lower wages relative to the general population of youth. The large number of children with disabilities who receive SSI also generates concerns about their long term financial well-being and a potentially large fiscal burden because many of these children will continue to receive SSI as adults. PROMISE--Promoting Readiness of Minors in SSI--was a joint initiative of the U.S. Department of Education (ED), the Social Security Administration (SSA), the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) to promote positive change in the lives of youth who received SSI and their families. Under cooperative agreements with ED awarded in 2013, six state agencies across 11 states implemented model demonstration projects in which they enrolled youth ages 14 through 16 who were receiving SSI. The programs intended to (1) offer educational, vocational, and other services to youth; and (2) make better use of existing resources by improving service coordination between state and local agencies. To be eligible for PROMISE, youth had to be age 14 through 16 at the time of enrollment, receiving SSI during the PROMISE enrollment period, and living in a PROMISE program service delivery area. Under contract to SSA, we are conducting a national evaluation of how the six programs were implemented and operated, their impacts on youth and family outcomes, and their cost-effectiveness. This report presents estimates of the five-year impacts of the PROMISE programs on youth and parent outcomes. These outcomes cover domains that the programs were designed to affect: education, employment, self-determination, expectations about the youth’s future, health insurance coverage and expenditures, income, and participation in SSA and other public assistance programs. We also present findings from analyses of the benefits and costs of the PROMISE programs and summarize findings from the PROMISE process and 18-month impact analyses we conducted previously.
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