California’s population of 39 million is increasingly diverse, with 39.4% of residents identifying as Latino/x and 5.7% as Black. However, only 6% of the state’s physician workforce is Latino/x, and 3% is Black. This significant gap has meaningful consequences for Californians seeking medical care; countless people lack access to a physician of their own ethnicity, which may mean they do not have a physician that speaks their preferred language. This is cause for concern since several landmark studies have shown that representative care contributes to improved outcomes for patients who disproportionately come from underrepresented communities. California’s Latino/x population is particularly impacted by the mismatch. The large disparity between population and physician diversity can be seen in the educational pipeline, where just 8% and 6% of medical students identify as Latino/x and Black, respectively. The research described in this report looked at the flow of Black and Latino/x medical school graduates, from inside and outside the state, into California residency programs to identify where in the process the state is gaining and losing much-needed physicians. The study used a novel data set of residency interviews and outcomes to explore potential avenues to increase the state’s recruitment and retention of underrepresented-in medicine physicians, particularly those identifying as Latino/x and Black.
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