In 2022, with the goal of improving maternal health outcomes for Black Californians, the Urban Institute partnered with the California Health Care Foundation (CHCF) to chart a path toward increasing the number of Black maternal health care clinicians both within the state and across the country. With a focus on California, Urban researchers examined opportunities for and barriers to increasing the workforce of Black obstetrician/gynecologists (OB/GYNs), labor and delivery (L&D) nurses, and midwives. These maternal health workers represent a subset of the overall health care workforce examined in a previous Urban Institute–CHCF publication on improving and expanding programs to support a more diverse medical and nursing health care sector. Urban conducted in-depth interviews with Black maternal health care clinicians who represent different fields of practice and reviewed existing research on diversifying the maternal health workforce. This report describes our research findings, with a focus on training approaches and settings that have promoted or deterred academic and professional success. We also address care delivery models that have impeded or improved clients’ access to birthing practitioners and reimbursement policies that have affected practitioners financially. These challenges are similar to those faced by Black health care providers generally, but the researchers identified profession-specific barriers that signal the need for tailored workforce diversity efforts.
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