The COVID-19 pandemic exposed gaps in the nation’s public health infrastructure, including a need for increased electronic exchange of patient health information between health care providers and public health agencies (PHAs). Physicians play a critical role in supporting public health surveillance by reporting to PHAs. While public health reporting often occurs through manual, paper-based processes, national efforts have focused on increasing electronic reporting to PHAs. Improving surveillance would also include increasing PHAs’ access to data on social and behavioral determinants of health that affect a person’s health outcomes and risks. These data are important to enhancing public health surveillance as they enable identification of populations in need of greater assistance, including those with comorbidities and other risk factors. Using data from a nationally representative sample of physicians, this brief describes primary care and other office-based physicians’ electronic public health reporting and social and behavioral determinants of health data recording capabilities and how they varied by physician and practice characteristics. This analysis offers insights into physicians’ readiness to electronically support public health activities in the year prior to the pandemic; it does not report on physicians’ overall levels of public health reporting--which can occur through manual, paper-based methods--nor does it reflect recent levels of electronic public health reporting which may have improved during the pandemic.
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