Why GAO did this study. Opioid misuse has been a persistent problem in the U.S. In 2017, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) declared the opioid crisis a public health emergency. The Department of Labor (DOL) awarded grants to help address this crisis. While some research sheds light on the relationship between opioid misuse and workforce participation among workers of all ages, questions remain about the employment experiences of older workers affected by opioid misuse, as well as the experiences of workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. GAO was asked to explore recent trends among older adults and opioid misuse. This report examines (1) how individual characteristics and employment experiences differ between older workers who do and do not misuse opioids and (2) challenges that selected local workforce agencies identified in helping workers—including older workers—affected by opioid misuse during the COVID-19 pandemic. GAO analyzed HHS’s Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s National Survey on Drug Use and Health data from 2015 to 2019 (the most recent 5 years of data available at the time of GAO’s review); interviewed officials from eight local workforce agencies and four state workforce agencies that received certain DOL grant funding; and interviewed DOL and HHS officials.
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