Medicare spending on post-acute care accounts for about $60 billion, or 15 percent, of Medicare spending every year (MedPAC, 2021). It also contributes to a large share of geographic variation in Medicare spending. A 2013 report by the Institute of Medicine documents that a striking 73 percent of geographic variation is due to post-acute care services (IOM, 2013). Per capita Medicare spending varies substantially across regions, ranging from $8,056 in Burlington, Vermont, to $15,348 in Los Angeles, according to the 2018 Dartmouth Atlas Data. Given no evidence that Medicare enrollees in high-spending areas have better health outcomes than those in low-spending areas (Fisher et al., 2003), large geographic variation in spending is a potential indication of inefficiency. To improve quality and reduce costs, designing a payment model that provides appropriate incentives to health care providers is key (Newhouse and Garber, 2013). This policy brief provides an overview of the post-acute care sector and discusses the impacts of a Medicare reimbursement rule for skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), institutions that provide post-acute care.
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