As of mid-February 2021, more than 40 million US adults, over 12 percent of the total US population, have received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, and vaccine sites are administering more than 1.5 million doses (both first and second) daily. Health officials estimate the US will achieve herd immunity when 70 to 90 percent of the population has been vaccinated or previously infected, after which virus transmission will slow significantly. Early data show disparities in vaccination rates, with people of color receiving disproportionately fewer vaccine doses and facing greater barriers navigating the complicated systems for scheduling vaccine appointments and traveling to vaccination sites (Ndugga et al. 2021). Eliminating disparities and reaching herd immunity will require addressing challenges in both vaccine supply (i.e., the limited number of doses and inequitable access to them) and demand (i.e., vaccine hesitancy). This study explores vaccine hesitancy4 among nonelderly adults with new data from the Urban Institute’s Well-Being and Basic Needs Survey (WBNS), a nationally representative survey of more than 7,500 adults ages 18 to 64 fielded December 8 through 30, 2020. We define vaccine-hesitant adults as those reporting they would probably not or definitely not get a COVID-19 vaccine. We note vaccine hesitancy exists along a continuum (SAGE Working Group 2014), and concerns that people hold at a point in time may change as new information becomes available about the vaccines’ effectiveness and potential side effects.
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