Maternal mortality rates are a key indicator of the health and well-being of a society. Yet this measure does not capture everything related to maternal health and well-being. It is also crucial to track: (1)"Near miss" events that could have resulted in death. (2) Severe maternal morbidity, defined by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as "unexpected outcomes of labor and delivery that result in significant short- or long-term consequences to a woman's health." (3) Serious illnesses that occur during pregnancy, like ectopic pregnancy, and the postpartum period, like cardiomyopathy. A richer understanding of maternal health before, during, and after childbirth is a foundation for developing safer, more effective approaches to maternal care. While maternal deaths in the United States number about 650 to 750 annually, severe maternal morbidity affects approximately 50,000 to 60,000 women each year, and the numbers are increasing. As with maternal deaths, many cases of maternal morbidity can be avoided. This report describes the severity and breadth of the maternal morbidity crisis in the U.S. and shows why addressing it is critical to advancing maternal health equity. A companion to Maternal Mortality in the United States: A Primer, it is the latest in a series of Commonwealth Fund publications investigating the causes of poor maternal outcomes--including stark racial inequities--and identifying potential solutions.
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