Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a public health crisis in the United States. The number of drug overdose deaths in the US increased continuously from 1999 to mid-2017 when it reached a plateau of approximately 70,000 deaths over the previous 12 months of which approximately 50,000 were from opioids. The number of deaths resumed its increase over the past two years. The White House Council of Economic Advisors estimates that the opioid epidemic cost the US $686 billion in 2018 and more than $2.4 trillion from 2015 to 2018. Medication assisted treatment (MAT) is the most effective treatment for OUD, but more than half of patients starting MAT drop out of treatment within three to six months. Behavioral therapies increase retention in some studies, but they are resource intensive. Digital health technologies (DHTs) offer the potential to expand the availability of behavioral therapies and to reduce cost. We examine the evidence for three such promising digital health technologies (DHTs) in this review: reSET-O, Connections, and DynamiCare.
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