ISSUE. Individuals who are incarcerated or otherwise involved with the criminal justice system (justice-involved people) face significant health challenges, including high rates of COVID-19. GOAL. To describe the health needs of justice-involved populations, explain how Medicaid meets those needs, and identify policy changes that could strengthen Medicaid's role as a tool to improve health outcomes in this population. KEY FINDINGS. State and local governments are developing new Medicaid approaches to meet the health needs of justice-involved people, particularly as they are leaving incarceration. However, siloes between correctional and community health care providers disrupt care coordination and create gaps in treatment and health services that can be life-threatening. Medicaid policy contributes to these siloes because Medicaid cannot cover services provided to incarcerated people. New policies are being considered to allow Medicaid coverage of some services provided during incarceration to improve coordination, access, and health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS. The concurrent COVID-19, substance abuse, and mental health crises, as well as growing awareness of racial inequities, are prompting state and federal interest in examining the role of public programs, such as Medicaid, in meeting the needs of the justice-involved population.
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