Historically, the public charge rule allowed immigration officials to deny an application for permanent residence ("green card") or certain other visas if the applicant was determined likely to depend on the government as their primary source of support. In the past, use of cash welfare and government-funded long-term care were the only public benefit programs that counted against applicants. In 2018 the Trump administration proposed changes that redefined public charge, including expanding the list of public benefits that count against applicants to include nonemergency Medicaid ("Medi-Cal" in California) for those 21 and over (unless pregnant), federal housing assistance, and SNAP ("CalFresh" in California). The changes to the public charge rule, along with other federal immigration policy and rhetoric, has created fear and confusion. Many low-income California immigrants and their families, including those who aren't subject to public charge, are avoiding use of public benefit programs. This confusion extends to low-income undocumented young adults who are newly eligible for state-funded full-scope Medi-Cal starting in 2020.
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