The Sentinel Communities Surveillance Project, which began in 2016, monitors activities related to how a Culture of Health is developing in each of 30 diverse communities around the country. In Snapshot and Community Portrait reports for each community, developed between 2017 and 2018, we described Sentinel Community efforts to promote the health and well‑being of their residents. This report on rural and small communities is one in a set of three reports that provide insights and themes drawn from all Sentinel Communities. The collection focuses on key topics that may be of value to stakeholders working to build a Culture of Health in their own communities. The other reports focus on the role of anchor institutions and health equity. The brief report is intended to stimulate discussion about how rural and small communities address health and well‑being. Definitions vary, with some definitions based on population size between 50,000–500,000 people and U.S. Census specifications using a more conservative lower bound of 100,000 people (with additional variance introduced by rural/urban designation). Since this report also features findings from counties, regions, and states in the Sentinel Communities, we are more expansive in the communities featured here, with most having a population between 20,000 and 60,000. The focus on rural and small communities is merited. Many small communities—particularly those with a population of less than 50,000 people or those more isolated from larger metropolitan areas—are contending with different population demographics, including shrinking and aging populations. Other common challenges to these communities are shifts in often limited revenue sources to support city services. Table 1 shows population changes in the Sentinel Communities featured in this report between 2010 and 2018, reflecting these trends. This context provides a critical opportunity to examine how social, demographic, and economic factors contribute to and/or impede the development of a Culture of Health. RWJF's vision of a society where everyone has a fair and just opportunity for health and well‑being is represented in the Culture of Health Action Framework), which depicts a holistic, integrated perspective on what it takes to achieve population‑level health, well‑being, and equity. The Culture of Health Action Framework was designed around four Action Areas. These include: (1) Making Health a Shared Value; (2) Fostering Cross‑Sector Collaboration to Improve Well‑Being; (3) Creating Healthier, More Equitable Communities; and 4) Strengthening Integration of Health Services and Systems.
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