In this important article, Avery and Heidelberger continued their work on identifying the substance that caused each type of pneumococcus to elicit a unique immune response. Here, they determined that Type I and Type II pneumococcus strains contained chemically distinct polysaccharides, thus indicating that these unique polysaccharides were in fact the antigenic substance that determined the different levels of virulence among types of pneumococcus.
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