Here, Heidelberger detailed how immunological research into pneumococcal specific polysaccharides provided insight into the chemical composition of antigens, the substances that elicit an immune response in animals, and of antibodies, the substances that form in response to the presence of antigens. To the biologists and geneticists to whom this presentation was addressed, Heidelberger posed the challenge to help unravel the mystery of how antibodies formed, and how their formation was controlled by genes.
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