The microorganism that causes yellow fever was not definitively identified until several decades after the disease was linked to a mosquito vector. By the late 1920s, it seemed likely that more than one disease had been investigated as "yellow fever," including that caused by a leptospira bacteria. In this article, Sawyer and his colleagues described their experiments proving that the yellow fever then present in South America and West Africa, as well as earlier western hemisphere yellow fever episodes, were the same disease; and that cases of jaundice caused by leptospira were a different disease, though sometimes diagnosed as yellow fever.
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