Nirenberg's work with synthetic RNA and E. coli provided the basis for his genetic research in the early 1960s. This article describes the preparation of reagents, procedures for reaction mixtures, methods for growth of E. coli, and preparation of extracts. Their experiments ultimately proved that messenger RNA, which transcribes genetic information from DNA, directs protein synthesis. That is, messenger RNA transmits the DNA messages that prescribe the assembly of amino acids into the complex proteins that drive living processes.
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