Population health status is affected by a variety of factors, including economic, environmental, and social determinants. Thus, while governmental public health agencies are often the primary organizations tasked with improving population health, many other organizations and industries influence health status. Coupled with escalating health care costs and a disease burden that is shifting toward illnesses and injuries more directly linked to other sectors, it is becoming increasingly important for health to be regularly factored into policy and program decisions in sectors that do not traditionally focus on health outcomes. The growing field of health impact assessment (HIA) is showing promise as a wholistic [sic] approach to mitigating the potential health consequences of new projects and policies by addressing the relationship between these projects and health outcomes. By identifying unanticipated health issues and costs, translating data into practical information to inform policymakers, working with a broad range of stakeholders, and offering concrete recommendations, HIA promotes practical policy alternatives or project modifications that are responsive to health concerns and contribute to community health benefits. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, in collaboration with The Pew Charitable Trusts, is investing in the development of HIA, with the goal of promoting and supporting the use of HIA as a tool to ensure that decisions in non-health sectors, whether at the local, state, tribal, or federal level, are made with health impacts in mind.
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