An estimated 367,000 Americans underwent dialysis to treat their renal failure in 2007. The majority of these patients received hemodialysis, typically provided in either freestanding clinics or hospital-based dialysis centers. While the technology for hemodialysis is well established and the treatment is a routine part of healthcare delivery, risks are ever-present, given that hemodialysis patients undergo three treatments each week, take multiple medications, and often have multiple comorbidities. From November 1, 2008, through October 31, 2009, Pennsylvania healthcare facilities submitted 526 event reports involving hemodialysis administration to the Pennsylvania Patient Safety Authority. Medication errors were the most common type event submitted, representing almost 29% (n = 150) of all hemodialysis-related events. Other hemodialysis administration events involved failure to follow policy or protocol such as treatment set-up procedures (12.9%), needle disconnection and needle infiltration (6.1% for each category), and falls (5.9%). Risk mitigation strategies to prevent the likelihood of errors involving hemodialysis administration are provided for medication errors, failure to follow hemodialysis protocol, needle disconnection, needle infiltration, falls, equipment failures, and clotting of the dialysis circuit or blood lines.
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