Who stays and who goes home: using national data on nursing home discharges and long-stay residents to draw implications for nursing home transition programs
Nursing homes serve a population with substantial medical and long-term care needs. Within this population are individuals who receive rehabilitation services in the aftermath of acute medical events such as stroke, and individuals who need increasing levels of custodial care in response to progressive declines in functioning related to diseases such as Alzheimer's. Over the last several years, some states, have turned their attention to returning nursing home residents to community settings through nursing home transition programs. This paper analyzes data from the most recent National Nursing Home Survey to describe the characteristics of two groups of nursing home residents who are 65 years and older: (1) those who are discharged back to the community over a one year time period; (2) those who remain in nursing homes for 90 days or longer. The study shows that those who were discharged back to the community tended to have shorter lengths of stay, were younger, and had spouses. The prevalence of a major chronic disease was high in both short stay and long-stay residents, but long-stay residents were more than two times as likely to have a cognitive disorder. The findings provide insights on who to target in transition programs and what level and types of community resources are needed.
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