- Mather, Cotton, 1663-17282
- Mazzarella, barone, author1
- Mertrud, Antoine, -17671
- Moncrief, John, apothecary1
- Moncrieff, Archibald.1
- Monro, Alexander, 1697-17671
- Morin, Louis, 1635-17151
- Najīb al-Dīn al-Samarqandī, Muḥammad ibn ʻAlī, -12221
- Nakhshabī, Z̤iyāʼ al-Dīn, -13501
- Packe, Christopher, active 1670-17111
- Parsons, Giles.1
- Paulli, Simon, 1603-16801
- Pechey, John, 1655-17161
- Petit, Pablo.1
- Philalethes, active 1719, author1
- Picart (Picard), Bernard, 1673-1733, artist1
- Pietro, da Cortona, 1596-16697
- Pietro, da Cortona, 1597-1669, author1
- Prior, Thomas, 1681-17511
- Qazwīnī, Zakarīyā ibn Muḥammad, approximately 1203-12832