- Rowlandson, Thomas, 1756-1827, artist3
- Rowley, William, 1742-18061
- Royal College of Surgeons of England.1
- Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh.3
- Rush, Benjamin, 1746-181329
- Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813, author1
- Ruysch, Frederik, 1638-1731, author1
- Rymer, James, active 1770-18331