'4 ASPE|gser, FACT SHEET

PLANNING AND EVALUATION September 25, 2023

-Inflation Reduction Act Research Series-

Projected Impacts for Black Medicare Enrollees

The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) is helping people with Medicare, including the 5.8
million Medicare Part D enrollees who identify as Black. Our review shows that in
2020, about 158,000 Black enrollees would have benefited from the IRA's $35 insulin
cap and in 2021, about 266,000 enrollees would not have had any out-of-pocket
costs for recommended Part D covered adult vaccines. Under the IRA's Part D
redesign, about 107,000 Black enrollees who do not receive financial assistance are
projected to save $1,000 or more in 2025. Additional benefits are expected for this
population from other IRA drug-related provisions.

 

KEY POINTS

e Black Medicare enrollees have disproportionately higher rates of certain health conditions relative
to their non-Black peers, including higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, stroke, some types of
cancer, and heart failure. They also report greater health care cost related problems and difficulty
affording prescription drugs.

e In 2024, under the IRA, expansion of low-income subsidy (LIS)" eligibility goes into effect, which
could result in a reduction of about $300 in average annual out-of-pocket costs for eligible
enrollees from all racial and ethnic groups. In 2021, about 51,000 Black Medicare enrollees
received partial LIS benefits.! This provision is expected to expand full LIS benefits to these
individuals and others who meet the expanded eligibility criteria under the IRA.

e The IRA caps the monthly out-of-pocket costs for each covered insulin product to $35, which may
result in greater access to and affordability of insulin for Black enrollees." This provision went into
effect in January 2023 for covered insulin products under Part D and July 2023 for covered insulin
products under Part B. Under Medicare Part B and Part D, about 158,000 Black Medicare
enrollees would have benefited from the insulin cap if it had been in effect in 2020.

e The IRA vaccine provision made recommended Part D covered adult vaccines available without
enrollee cost-sharing starting on January 1, 2023. Among the 3.4 million enrollees who received a
vaccine under Medicare Part D in 2021, about 266,000 were Black enrollees. These enrollees

 

 

* For eligible enrollees whose income and resources are limited, the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and
Modernization Act of 2003 established extra help for prescription drugs. Subsidies are paid by the Federal government to
drug plans and provide assistance with premiums, deductibles, and co-payments.

" The $35 cap for a month's supply of each covered insulin product went into effect for Part D enrollees on January 1, 2023
and for Part B covered insulin on July 1, 2023.

 

aspe.hhs.gov 1
 

would have had no out-of-pocket costs under the IRA vaccine provision if the IRA provision had
been in effect in 2021.

e The annual $2,000 out-of-pocket cap that takes effect in 2025 and is indexed to inflation annually
thereafter is expected to help enrollees who take high-priced drugs, including Black enrollees,
who have higher rates of certain health conditions that require costly medications {e.g.,
cardiovascular disease).

e Among Black non-LIS enrollees projected to have out-of-pocket savings under the IRA's Part D
redesign provisions, a sizeable number will have savings of $1,000 or more in out-of-pocket costs:
about 107,000, or 4 percent of Black non-LIS enrollees, are estimated to save an average of
$2,800 on out-of-pocket prescription drug costs in 2025.2

e (Ofthe 10 drugs covered under Part D selected for participation in the Medicare Drug Price
Negotiation Program for initial price applicability year 2026, the share of enrollees using these
drugs that are Black is highest for Januvia (16 percent), Farxiga (16 percent), Entresto (18 percent)
and Fiasp™ (17 percent). These proportions are relatively higher than Black representation in the
Part D population (11 percent).

 

BACKGROUND

The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) is improving affordability of prescription drugs for all Medicare enrollees
through a variety of drug related provisions, including:*

e capping out-of-pocket spending for prescription drugs covered under Part D,

e improving coverage of certain drugs including insulin and vaccines,

e expanding eligibility for financial assistance,

e changing the Part D benefit structure, and

e authorizing the Secretary of Health and Human Services to negotiate prices directly with
participating manufacturers for selected drugs that have high total spending and are high
expenditure, single source drugs without generic or biosimilar competition.

This fact sheet outlines the potential impacts of the IRA's key drug-related provisions for Black Medicare
enrollees.

Medicare Enroliment

About 11 percent of the 65 million Americans enrolled in Medicare reported their race as Black* (about 7.2
million people).>* About 53 million Medicare enrollees have Part D prescription drug coverage, of whom 11
percent - about 5.8 million - are Black.® Although most Medicare enrollees are ages 65 and older, there are
larger shares of Black enrollees under the age of 65 on Medicare due to a disability (25 percent) relative to
their White counterparts (12 percent).®

Health Status and Access to Care Among Black Americans

 

* The complete drug name is Fiasp; Fiasp FlexTouch; Fiasp PenFill; NovolLog; NovoLog FlexPen; Novolog PenfFill.

" For a complete list of IRA drug-related provisions, please see: Inflation Reduction Act and Medicare | CMS

* Race and ethnicity is reported in Medicare claims data, however, there are limitations as outlined here: Quality of race
and ethnicity data in Medicare - PubMed (nih.gov).

 

 

September 2023 FACT SHEET 2
Black Medicare enrollees have disproportionately higher rates of adverse health-related outcomes relative to
their non-Black peers. For example, among this population:

e About 34 percent of Black Medicare enrollees
report being in fair or poor health relative to 21

 

percent of White enrollees." Black adults over the age of
e Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of 65 report difficulty affording
death in the United States, and Black Medicare prescription medications at

enrollees have higher prevalence of hypertension
and higher incidence of heart failure, stroke, and
mortality from uncontrolled hypertension than than White adults.

other Americans,®%10

e Black Medicare enrollees have higher rates of diabetes than White enrollees (39 percent versus 24
percent).!

e Black Medicare enrollees are more likely to report cost as a barrier to accessing health care compared
to White enrollees (28 percent vs. 14 percent).}> More Black Medicare enrollees also report challenges
with following prescription drug regimens due to cost (19 percent of non-Hispanic Black enrollees)
relative to non-Hispanic White enrollees (14 percent).*®

e Black adults over the age of 65 reported difficulty affording prescription medications at rates roughly
1.5 to 2 times higher than White adults.*

rates 1.5 to 2 times higher

PROJECTED IMPACTS OF THE IRA'S DRUG RELATED PROVISIONS

Below, we highlight some key Medicare drug-related provisions of the IRA and their projected impacts for
Black enrollees.

Expansion of Financial Assistance through the Low-Income Subsidy (LIS) Program

The Medicare Part D Low-Income Subsidy (LIS) assists enrollees who meet income and asset limits to pay for
their Part D covered drugs. Prior to the IRA, in order to be eligible for full LIS, an enrollee must have income
below 135 percent of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL), or $19,683 per year for an individual."*> Enrollees are
eligible for partial assistance if their incomes are between 135 and 150 percent of FPL. Beginning in 2024, the
IRA expands full LIS benefits to individuals with incomes between 135 and 150 percent of FPL. Through full LIS
benefits, eligible low-income people with Medicare can benefit from no deductible, no premium, and low,
fixed copayments for covered Part D medications. The partial LIS benefits being phased out by the IRA include
a premium paid on a sliding scale and higher coinsurances for covered prescription drugs.

Projected Impact: Over 300,000 Medicare enrollees across all race and ethnicity groups receive partial LIS
benefits.'® Analysis suggests that expansion of LIS eligibility could result in a reduction of average annual out-
of-pocket costs for these enrollees by $300.Y" In 2021, about 51,000 Black Medicare enrollees received partial
LIS benefits.*® This provision is expected to extend full LIS benefits to these individuals and others who meet
the expanded eligibility criteria under the IRA.

Out-of-Pocket Spending Capped at $35 for a Month's Supply of each Insulin

 

* This is in addition to meeting asset requirements. For details on the LIS and partial LIS program, please see here: Limited
Income and Resources | CMS

 

September 2023 FACT SHEET 3
Under the IRA, insulin is capped at $35 for a month's supply of each covered insulin product; this provision
went into effect in January 2023 for covered insulin under Part D and July 2023 for covered insulin under Part
B. Prior to the IRA, there was no requirement to cap out-of-pocket costs for insulin products under Medicare
Part B or Part D." Taking insulin as prescribed is critical to controlling diabetes, however, patients may ration
their insulin if they cannot afford it.® Consequences of uncontrolled diabetes among Black patients include
hospitalizations and serious health consequences. In 2019, there were 853,880 hospitalizations that had a
principal diagnosis of diabetes, of which about 22 percent were among Black patients; this estimate highlights
burden of diabetes-related complications among this population.?*

Projected Impact: The IRA capped monthly out-of-pocket costs for insulin to $35 for each covered insulin
product. This reduction may improve access to insulin for Black enrollees and will reduce expenditures for
Black Medicare enrollees who use insulin. Under Medicare Part B and Part D, about 158,000 Black Medicare
enrollees would have benefited from the insulin cap if it had been in effect in 2020.%' The reduction in out-of-
pocket spending, in turn, may improve access and adherence to prescribed insulin regimens, which may avert
hospitalizations and health care complications associated with uncontrolled diabetes.*

Elimination of Copays for Recommended Part D Covered Vaccines

Under the IRA, beginning in 2023, enrollees do not have to pay out-of-pocket costs for adult vaccines covered
under Part D that are recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Prior to
the IRA, Part D covered vaccines, including shingles, tetanus and diphtheria, pertussis, hepatitis A, hepatitis B,
and others, were subject to out-of-pocket costs. Vaccination rates among adults, including older adults, are
generally low, and these rates are even lower among Black adults. For example, Black enrollees have lower
rates of shingles vaccination than White enrollees (34 percent of Blacks are vaccinated compared to 58 percent
of Whites).??

Projected Impact: The IRA provides access to recommended adult vaccines covered under Medicare Part D
without any out-of-pocket costs. Among 3.4 million enrollees who received a vaccine under Medicare Part D in
2021, about 266,000 were Black enrollees."® These enrollees paid a total of about $9.4 million dollars in out-
of-pocket costs for Part D covered vaccines, averaging about $35 per enrollee in 2021 across all Black Medicare
enrollees who received a Part D covered vaccine. These enrollees would not have had to pay out of pocket for
recommended adult vaccines covered under Part D if the IRA vaccine provision had been in effect in 2021.
There are many factors that shape whether individuals are able to obtain recommended vaccinations,
including out-of-pocket costs.?#2526 Thus, this provision may increase accessibility of Part D covered vaccines
for this population and will eliminate their out-of-pocket spending on Part D covered adult vaccines.

Changes in Part D Benefit Design

The IRA changes the Part D benefit design structure. Key changes include: 1) in 2024, eliminating cost sharing
in the catastrophic coverage phase that requires patients to pay 5 percent of their drug costs and 2) in 2025,

 

" The Part D Senior Savings Model required participating enhanced alternative Part D plans to offer insulin at reduced cost
prior to the passage of the IRA. For more information on this Model, please see here: Part D Senior Savings Model | CMS
Innovation Center

" Hospitalizations were for diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia, chronic kidney disease, and end-stage renal disease.

* There are many reasons why patients may not be able to follow prescribed insulin regimens and out-of-pocket costs are
one factor. Please see the following for a more detailed discussion: aspe-insulin-affordibility-rtc.pdf (hhs.gov)

 

September 2023 FACT SHEET 4
imposing a $2,000 out-of-pocket annual cap that is indexed to inflation annually thereafter and eliminating the
coverage gap phase. It also limits annual increases in Part D premiums between 2024 - 2029 and allows
enrollees to spread their out-of-pocket prescription costs over the year.

Projected Impact: The Part D redesign, which includes provisions that eliminate the coverage gap phase and
impose a maximum out-of-pocket cap of $2,000 in 2025 and indexed to inflation annually thereafter, is
expected to help all enrollees, but especially those who have the highest out-of-pocket drug spending for
diseases such as cancer, hypertension, diabetes, and others. 2"22 Black Medicare enrollees have higher rates
of serious health conditions such as some types of cancer, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease and are
expected to benefit from these provisions.

In 2025, the out-of-pocket cap and other Part D related provisions in the IRA are projected to save Black
enrollees an average of 36 percent in out-of-pocket costs, which translates to about $113 annually for each
enrollee. 3 Among Black non-LIS enrollees projected to have out-of-pocket savings under the IRA, a sizeable
number will have savings of $1,000 or more in out-of-pocket costs: about 107,000, or 4 percent of Black non-
LIS enrollees, are estimated to save an average of $2,800 on out-of-pocket prescription drug costs.3!

Negotiation for Selected Drugs for Initial Price Applicability Year 2026

Under the IRA, the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is authorized to directly
negotiate the prices of certain high expenditure, qualifying single source drugs without generic or biosimilar
competition with participating manufacturers.3? The 10 drugs selected for negotiation for initial price
applicability year 2026 are presented in Table 1 below along with the common conditions they treat, the total
number of Medicare Part D enrollees taking the drug in calendar year 2022, and the percent of enrollees
taking the drug who identify as Black.

Projected Impact: The projected impact of the negotiation for the selected drugs for initial price applicability
year 2026 is not yet available. However, existing analysis shows that the share of enrollees taking one of the
selected 10 drugs for initial price applicability year 2026 that are Black is highest for Januvia (16 percent),
Farxiga (16 percent), Entresto (18 percent) and Fiasp (17 percent). For these drugs, the proportion of Black
enrollees using each drug is relatively greater than Black representation in the Part D population (11
percent).33

 

September 2023 FACT SHEET 5
Table 1. Medicare Part D Enrollees' Calendar Year 2022 Use of Drugs Selected for Negotiation for
Initial Price Applicability Year 2026

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Number of | Share of Enrollees
Medicare Part D Taking Each Drug
Enrollees Taking that are Black in
Drug Name Commonly Treated Conditions the Drug in CY 2022 CY 2022
Eliquis Prevention and treatment of blood 3,505,000 9%
clots
Jardiance Diabetes; Heart failure 1,321,000 14%
Xarelto Prevention and treatment of blood 1,311,000 9%
clots; Reduction of risk for patients
with coronary or peripheral artery
disease
Januvia Diabetes 885,000 16%
Farxiga Diabetes; Heart failure; Chronic 639,000 16%
kidney disease
Entresto Heart failure 521,000 18%
Enbrel Rheumatoid arthritis; Psoriasis; 47,000 11%
Psoriatic arthritis
Imbruvica Blood cancers 22,000 10%
Stelara Psoriasis; Psoriatic arthritis; Crohn's 20,000 9%
disease; Ulcerative colitis
Fiasp; Fiasp Diabetes 763,000 17%
FlexTouch; Fiasp
PenFill; Novolog;
Novolog FlexPen;
Novolog PenfFill

 

Source: Available from: ASPE-IRA-Drug-Negotiation-Fact-Sheet-9-13-2023.pdf {hhs.gov)
Notes: Percentages are calculated for Black enrollees using the total number of enrollees taking the drug as the

denominator. ASPE estimates may differ from drug use figures reported by CMS due to differences in the time period
that is examined. The drug use estimates are for Part D enrollees using the drug and not limited to those using the drug
for the conditions shown in this Table.

CONCLUSION

The IRA includes provisions to increase accessibility and affordability of prescription drugs for Medicare

enrollees, reduce the rate of growth in Medicare drug spending, and improve the financial sustainability of the

Medicare program. This fact sheet reviews the projected impacts of key IRA provisions for Black Medicare
enrollees. Findings are promising, suggesting that the IRA Medicare drug-related provisions are projected to
improve the affordability of medications for Black enrollees.

 

September 2023

FACT SHEET

 
REFERENCES

1 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. {2023). Retrieved from: CMS Program Statistics - Medicare Part D
Enrollment - Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Data

2 Sayed, BA, Finegold, K, Olsen, TA, Ashok, K, Schutz, S, Sheingold, S, De Lew, N, Sommers, BD. Inflation Reduction Act
Research Series: Medicare Part D Enrollee Out-Of-Pocket Spending: Recent Trends and Projected Impacts of the Inflation
Reduction Act. (Issue Brief No. HP-2023-19). Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services. July 2023.

3 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2023). CMS Data. Retrieved from: Search Data.CMS.gov - Centers for
Medicare & Medicaid Services Data.

4 Tarazi, W., Welch, P., Nguyen, N., Bosworth, A., Sheingold, S., De Lew, N., & Sommers, B.D. (2022). Medicare beneficiary
enrollment trends and demographic characteristics. Retrieved from: Medicare Beneficiary Enrollment Trends and
Demographic Characteristics | ASPE (hhs.gov)

5 Sayed, BA, Finegold, K, Olsen, TA, Ashok, K, Schutz, S, Sheingold, S, De Lew, N, Sommers, BD. Inflation Reduction Act
Research Series: Medicare Part D Enrollee Out-Of-Pocket Spending: Recent Trends and Projected Impacts of the Inflation
Reduction Act. (Issue Brief No. HP-2023-19). Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services. July 202

% Ochieng, N., Cubanski, J., Neuman, T., Artiga, S., & Damico, A. (2021). Racial and ethnic health inequities and Medicare.
Retrieved from: Racial and Ethnic Health Inequities and Medicare (kff.org)

7 Ochieng, N., Cubanski, J., Neuman, T., Artiga, S., & Damico, A. (2021). Racial and ethnic health inequities and Medicare.
Retrieved from: Racial and Ethnic Health Inequities and Medicare (kff.org)

8 wall, H.K., Wright, 1.S., Jackson, S.L., Daussat, L., Ramkissoon, N., Schieb, L.J., Stolp, H., Tong, X., Loustalot, F. (2022). How
do we jump-start self-measured blood pressure monitoring in the United States? Addressing barriers beyond the
published literature. American Journal of Hypertension, 35, 4, 244 - 255,

9 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2023) Data Snapshot: Hypertension Disparities in Medicare Fee-For-
Service Beneficiaries. Retrieved from: DATA SNAPSHOT: Hypertension Disparities in Medicare Fee-For-Service
Beneficiaries {cms.gov)

10 American Heart Association. News Release. Retrieved from: Long-term stroke death rates are higher among Black
Medicare patients | American Heart Association.

11 cMS Office of Minority Health. (2021). Data Highlight: Disparities in Diabetes Care Among Medicare Fee-For-Service
Beneficiaries. Retrieved from: Diabetes Disparities in Medicare Fee-For-Service Beneficiaries

12 kaiser Family Foundation. (2021). Black Medicare Beneficiaries are More Likely than White Beneficiaries to Have Cost
Related Problems with their Health Care. Retrieved from: Black Medicare Beneficiaries Are More Likely Than White
Beneficiaries to Have Cost-Related Problems with Their Health Care, Across both Traditional Medicare and in Medicare
Advantage Plans | KFF

13 Meng, L. & Bounthavong, M. (2020). Medicare Beneficiaries, Especially Unsubsidized Minorities, Struggle to Pay for
Prescription Drugs: Results from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 35, 4,
1334 -1336.

14 Tarazi, W., Finegold, K., Sheingold, S., De Lew, N., and Sommers, BD. Prescription Drug Affordability among Medicare
Beneficiaries (Issue Brief No. HP-2022-03). Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department
of Health and Human Services. January 2022,

15 Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2023). 2023 Poverty Guidelines. Retrieved from:
https://www.cms.gov/files/document/2023medicarepartdlowincomesubsidylisincomeandresourcestandardsg.pdf

16 Cubanski, J., Neuman, T., Freed, M. & Damico, A. (2023). How will the prescription drug provisions in the Inflation
Reduction Act affect Medicare beneficiaries? Retrieved from: How Will the Prescription Drug Provisions in the Inflation
Reduction Act Affect Medicare Beneficiaries?. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved from: KFF.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

September 2023 FACT SHEET 7
17 Cubanski, J., Neuman, T., Freed, M. & Damico, A. (2023). How will the prescription drug provisions in the Inflation
Reduction Act affect Medicare beneficiaries? Retrieved from: How Will the Prescription Drug Provisions in the Inflation
Reduction Act Affect Medicare Beneficiaries?. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved from: KFF.

18 Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2023).CMS Program Statistics - Medicare Part D Enroliment. Retrieved
from: CMS Program Statistics - Medicare Part D Enrollment - Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Data

19 Gaffney, A., Himmelstein, D.U., Woolhandler, S. (2022). Prevalence and correlates of patient rationing of insulin in the
United States: A national survey. Annals of Internal Medicine, 175 (l1): 1623 - 1626. P

20 Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (2022). Report on the Affordability of Insulin. Retrieved
from: https://aspe.hhs.gov/reports/insulin-affordability-rtc.

2 sayed, BA, Finegold, K, Olsen, TA, De Lew, N, Sheingold, S, Ashok, K, Sommers, BD. Insulin Affordability and the Inflation
Reduction Act: Medicare Beneficiary Savings by State and Demographics. (Issue Brief No. HP-2023-02). Office of the
Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, January 2023.

2 Ochieng, N., Cubanski, J., Neuman, T., Argita, S., & Damico, A. (2021). Racial and ethnic health inequities and Medicare.
Retrieved from: Racial and Ethnic Health Ineqguities and Medicare - Access to Care and Service Utilization - 9642 | KFF

23 sayed, BA, Finegold, K, Ashok, K, Schutz, S, De Lew, N, Sheingold, S, Sommers, BD. Inflation Reduction Act Research
Series: Medicare Part D Enrollee Savings from Elimination of Vaccine Cost-Sharing. (Issue Brief No. HP-2023-05). Office of
the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. March 2023.

24 Tao, Z., Yong, Li., Stemkowski, S., Johnson, K.D., Acosta, C.J., Zhang, D., & Fendrick, A.M. {2018). Impact of out-of-pocket
cost of herpes zoster vaccine uptake: An observational study in a Medicare managed care population. Vaccines, 6(4): 78.
25 Kolobova, 1., Nyaku, M.K., Karakusevic, A., Bridge, D,. Fotheringham, 1., & O'Brien, M. (2021). Vaccine uptake and
barriers to vaccination among at-risk adult populations in the US. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapies, 18 (5).

26 Gellin, B.G., Shen, A.K., Fish, R., Zettle, M.A., Uscher-Pines, L., & Ringel, J.S. (2016). The national adult immunization
plan: strengthening adult immunization through coordinated action. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 51 (6):
1079-1083.

27 Ochieng, N., Cubanski, J., Neuman, T., Artiga, S., & Damico, A. (2021). Racial and ethnic health inequities and Medicare.
Retrieved from: Racial and Ethnic Health Inequities and Medicare (kff.org)

2 wWall, H.K., Wright, J.S., Jackson, S.L., Daussat, L., Ramkissoon, N., Schieb, L.J., Stolp, H., Tong, X., Loustalot, F. (2022).
How do we jump-start self-measured blood pressure monitoring in the United States? Addressing barriers beyond the
published literature. American Journal of Hypertension, 35, 4, 244 - 255,

23 American Heart Association. News Release. Retrieved from: Long-term stroke death rates are higher among Black
Medicare patients | American Heart Association.

30 sayed, BA, Finegold, K, Olsen, TA, Ashok, K, Schutz, S, Sheingold, S, De Lew, N, Sommers, BD. Inflation Reduction Act
Research Series: Medicare Part D Enrollee Out-Of-Pocket Spending: Recent Trends and Projected Impacts of the Inflation
Reduction Act. (Issue Brief No. HP-2023-19). Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services. July 2023.

31 sayed, BA, Finegold, K, Olsen, TA, Ashok, K, Schutz, S, Sheingold, S, De Lew, N, Sommers, BD. Inflation Reduction Act
Research Series: Medicare Part D Enrollee Out-Of-Pocket Spending: Recent Trends and Projected Impacts of the Inflation
Reduction Act. (Issue Brief No. HP-2023-19). Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services. July 2023.

32 Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. Text - H.R.5376 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 |
Congress.gov | Library of Congress

33 Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Inflation
Reduction Act Research Series: Medicare Enrollees' Use and Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Drugs Selected for
Negotiation under the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program. (Fact Sheet No. HP-2023-21). September2023.

 

 

September 2023 FACT SHEET 8
HP-2023-23

 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation
200 Independence Avenue SW, Mailstop 447D
Washington, D.C. 20201

For more ASPE briefs and other publications, visit:
aspe.hhs.gov/reports

SUGGESTED CITATION

Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services. Inflation Reduction Act Research
Series: Projected Impacts for Black Medicare Enrollees (Issue Brief No. HP-
2023-23). September 2023.

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September 2023 FACT SHEET