VALEDICTORY ADDRESS DELIVERED BEFORE THE GRADUATING CLASS ^mnsglbania College at gental Jiurp'j) SESSION 1861-62. V J. L. SUESSEROTT, M.D, D.D.S., PROP. OF PRINCIPLES OF DENTAL SURGERY AND THERAPEUTICS. FEBRUARY 28th., 1862. 1'UBLISHED BY THE CLASS. PHILADELPHIA: LIPPINCOTT & CO. 1862. CORRESPONDENCE. Pennsylvania College of Dental Siiigery, February 18th, 1862. Prop. J. L. Siesserott, M.D., D.D.S. Dear Sir:—At a meeting of the Class of Dental Students, connected with this In- stitution, held Feb. 17th, it was unanimously Resolved, That a Committee be appointed to obtain, if possible,.from yourself, a copy of your Valedictory Address, with your sanction for its publication. Hoping you will appreciate our motive, and accede to the request, We remain, very respectfully, the recipients of your instruction, tho Committoo in behalf, etc. (Signed,) H. LIHBERT, Pa. C. liONQSTRETH SMITH, Conn. J. R. WETIIERILL, N. J. Merchants' Hotel, Philadelphia, Feb. \%th, 1862. Gentlemen:—Your note, soliciting a copy of my Valedictory Address, for publica- tion, has been received. In yielding to the request of those whom you represent, allow me to express my thanks for the honor conferred: and beg that you convey to them, and accept for yourselves, individually, my warmest wishes for your welfare and happiness. I am, yours with much regard, J. L. SUESSEROTT. To Messrs. H. Liebert, C. Lonostreth Smith, and J. R. Wetherill, Committee of the Class. A special meeting of the Class having been instituted, with Joseph F. Vegas, of Louisiana, in the Chair, and C. Longstreth Smith, of Connecticut, as Secretary, the following resolutions were adopted with one accord:— 1st. Resolved, That in the present state of Medico-Dental Science, the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery stands second to none. 2d. Resolved, That science should not be intuitively retained, but that clinical in- struction, under the scrutiny of able professors and demonstrators, is the only course to obviate the mutilations of quackery: the intelligence of the age demanding that the tyro should repair at once to some reputable institution. 3d. Resolved, That the enthusiasm of the Faculty in their profession stands con- spicuous before us, and that the office of Dean is filled with suavity, courtesy, and forbearance: the recollection of the past shall not be obliterated, but direct us to our Alma Mater as an incentive to noble action. 4th. Resolved, That these resolutions be published with Prof. Suesserott's Valedic- tory to the Class, and a copy be sent by the Secretary to the Faculty, and Demon- strators individually, as a slight token of our regard. JOSEPH F. VEGAS, President. C. LONGSTRETH SMITH, Secretary. February 20th, 1862. VALEDICTORY ADDRESS. Gentlemen :— ^ The question, which every young man should propose to himself, when about to enter upon life, is—what can I do ? In this world of activity and energy, this world of many wants and many woes, the thought of yielding in any degree to sluggishness, or a desire for repose, dare not be entertained by him; but if he has not a settled determination to do all that he can, coupled with willingness to act it out, he will ever appear a drone in society. Its stirring activity should ever put him upon the alert, lest he may not be able to keep step with its progress; while his own wants, and the wants of the world around him, if he will be an attentive listener, will ever urge him to earnest, untiring exertion, and furnish' him with constant incentives to the fulfillment of the noblest of all purposes, devotion to the cause of humanity and the elevation of man. In this lies the secret of all true greatness, and he who rightly considers his relations to the present and the future, his obligations to himself and to those with whom he is associated, will never need to be reminded that his great work in this world, to which all others should be subsidiary, is to be useful in any and every way to man. To the attainment of this high position, which we trust is the object of the ambition of all of you, it is necessary that you should keep steadily in view your relations to man, and be made acquainted with the duties which those relations involve, as well as the difficulties which you may expect to meet in the discharge of them. Permit me, then, as it has been made my pleasing duty, to say a few parting words to you in behalf of my col- leagues, and the cause which they represent, to improve this hour, so suggestive of buoyant hope, as well as of disappointed expectations, in endeavoring to direct your attention to some con- siderations which, though they may appear trite and common- place, we do not think are either unsuited to the present occasion or unworthy of your attention. The course of study through which you have passed will give 4 you all the assistance which you need in the commencement of your profession: all the improvements which have been made in its various departments, designed to facilitate the operations of the practitioner, as well as to relieve the suffering of the patient, have been presented for your consideration. It will not be im- proper, therefore, for us to extend to you some words of kindly counsel on the present occasion, as we take a look out upon your future course, which, believe me, gentlemen, will be fraught with the same experiences and subject to the same vicissitudes to which all life has hitherto been, though it may now be gilded over by a fervid imagination. The parent who has seen his boy grow up from infancy to manhood could not send him forth, if he would, to engage in the contest and struggle with the world, with which he is altogether unacquainted, without concern, but ever follows him with his counsels and prayers, and endeavors to open up before him the reality of that life in which he is now for the first time to participate—upon whose stern battle-field he is to take a prominent part, whether willing or not, as a friend or foe of truth. Should we claim like feelings in reference to you, it might be regarded as merely theindulgence of sentiment; but be assured that it is with feelings of more than ordinary interest that we dismiss you this evening. lie but lightly estimates the importance of the relations which the teacher holds to his student, who can be indifferent to the future of those whom he has been permitted to instruct, though but for a short time. The faithful instructor, in whatever department he may labor, will watch attentively for results, and will await with interest the develop- ment of the principles which he has inculcated, whose influence he knows will he as lasting as time itself. You may ever rely upon our sympathy in your welfare, and be assured that we will watch your future course with a jealous eye. You are about to enter upon a position which, if properly used, will insure the respect of your fellow-men, and will ever entitle you to their kind regard; and it is your duty to make a firm determination, if you have not done so already, to do all in your power which will contribute to this result. Remember that it is not only sound policy, but pure morality, which dictates that you should not place yourselves in opposition to settled convic- tions of right and duty. Many young men adopt this course for the purpose of making themselves appear singular, with the hope of gaining a more speedy notoriety, or with the more despicable design of displaying the little ability which they may chance to 5 possess. Truly they have their reward, but not in the manner in which they expected. We trust that an earnest desire to do good and relieve dis- tress has been excited in your breasts: take care that your influence shall ever be in the right direction, and be as far as you are able co-operators with the good, not to be drawn from the path of duty because you do not realize what you expected to find in the world. One of the most common and yet most fatal mistakes of young men, who are about to enter a profession or occupation for life, is, that they paint all of its varied and checkered scenes, of which they have received but a very im- perfect idea, in the most glowing colors that earnest youthful hope can suggest. They oftentimes, it is true, theorize about its difficulties, but imagination gilds even these, or uses them to make the lights of the pleasing picture more striking. The thick clouds, which so often overhang the pathway of man when he feels that he most needs the clear sunshine, of which they have heard from those who have preceded them in life's conflicts, are clothed with so poetic a garb by them that they apparently be- come eager to have similar experiences. The difficulties of life are seen only in the light of t*he victory which they expect to win over them, and unconsciously they are made to give place to the more glowing scenes which hope, excited by fancy, is ever ready to beget. But, believe me, life's trials are not what imagination represents them to be. The romance of early years is soon changed for something of a sterner, severer sort, wherever you may be called to act; and the roseate hues of youth's mornino- are quickly overshadowed by clouds. Happy will you be if you enter upon life forewarned of the real conflict, and armed with such principles as will enable you to withstand the opposition of much that is false, unholy, and untrue. You must expect to find life oftentimes a struggle, a putting the hand to the plow, from which you dare not look back: be assured that it is no holiday time, but that if you would succeed, it is to be done by constant effort, and that, too, frequently in the midst of the greatest dis- advantages. Do not be deceived with the idea that prosperity will be your constant attendant, that, like the gallant bark before the balmy breeze, you are destined to ride gently and easily into the harbor of success; but remember that your path lies through rough seas, and that many a storm will lower, threatening de- struction to you. You must expect from many in this world scorn and contempt, rebuff and insult, infidelity and disappoint- 6 ment, until your own meritorious conduct shall subdue these proud spirits, and compel them to do you homage. The common lot of man awaits you, which you have no right to expect to find free from troubles—if you deem this your high privilege, you are claiming for yourself what others, who have preceded you, have failed to find, and are seeking a royal road to true manhood, which others have attained only by persevering effort under difficulties. "He who ascends to mountain tops, shall find Their loftiest peaks most wrapt in clouds and snow ; He who surpasses or subdues mankind, Must look down on the hate of those below. Though far above the sun of glory glow, And far beneath the earth and ocean spread, Round him are icy rocks, and loudly blow Contending tempests on his naked head." As our wish is that you may be true men, able to take a part in all that shall claim your assistance and sympathy, we hope that you may not be altogether unacquainted with the trials of life; for thus alone is the highest style of character developed. We hope for you all a vigorous, healthy manhood, ever apprecia- tive of the wants of our common humanity, and enabling you to stoop to the aid of the humblest, while it shall exalt you above the commission of anything mean or despicable; but the attain- ment of this has hitherto been by the way of trial. When this experience shall be yours, and come it most as- suredly will, remember never to permit it to diminish your self- respect. Endeavor to keep a conscience void of offense, and the ministry of trial in the end will be glorious; will prove to have accomplished as important a part as your most happy experience —a part as much designed by the Master of all, as that of your hours of peaceful ease. Let your difficulties lead you to efforts to show your dignity of character by triumphing over them ; and make the constant disappointments of this world, and the want of fidelity which you will often have to endure, as constant ap- peals to yourselves to rise superior to selfishness and all that is debasing. " Unless above himself he can Erect himself, how mean a *hing is man!" Do not suppose that we wish to give you a misanthropic view of life, or that our object is to present only the dark side of the picture. We by no means design to dissuade you from that to which we have so often urged your attention. Our honest pur- 7 pose is simply to give you the reality, and warn you against that ignis fatuus glare by means of which a too brilliant fancy would lure you on. Instead of dissuading you, we would make it, if possible, a means of urging you to a better performance of your duties. These same trials, as we have already intimated, have a rich reward—a reward glorious in proportion to their severity and the manliness with which they are borne—and their refining in- fluence is valuable to the soul, increasing its reward if rightly used. Remember that the only incarnation or real life, the one alone worthy to be your model, was made perfect through suffer- ing meekly borne. There is another great cause of dissatisfaction with the profes- sion which has been selected for life, in the cases of many men, against which I would warn you. It is the conclusion that hard effort and exertion will cease with the work of preparation; but there can be no greater deception. Though the scenes of your labors may be changed, and their character be different from those in which you have been engaged, yet if you are to be successful, you must expect a life of hard work, increased rather than dimin- ished by your entrance upon it; besides, the only real life is that of faithful exertion and honest effort. Some there are, indeed, (the favored few,) who seem to be able, with little effort, to accom- plish what demands unremitted toil from others; but you have no right to calculate upon this, before you have put yourself to the test. The very idea that you may be mistaken, and will thus subject yourself to ridicule and failure, ought to be enough to urge you to make great exertions; at least, until you find out that it is not necessary. The world has a great deal to say about the good fortune of men, and especially of great men. Whether you have any faith in such superstition or not, I do not know; but many have been led astray by its deceitful influence: and let me tell you, that you will find that the world itself respects not any claims which are based upon such pretensions. Bourrienne has shown the fal- lacy of such a solution of greatness, in the case of him who has been styled "the man of destiny," by attributing his success solely to his severe forethought and active exertion. If you would be successful, therefore, you must make your profession the one great idea of your life. Let it be the concen- trating point for whatever acquirements you may make. The field of study and thought which it presents to you is almost 8 boundless, and it should be your pride to contribute whatever you can, by faithful study and effort, for its improvement and advancement. Workmen, who have preceded you in the same field, have devoted themselves to its cultivation, and you are now reaping the fruits of their labors. To such labors, you and I are indebted for the high position which the Dental Profession now holds; instead, therefore, of sitting down to exclusive enjoyment of their labors, each effort put forth by them, each labor light- ened, each means devised for the relief of suffering, should be an urgent appeal to you to make efforts in the same direction. Let it be your steady aim to make progress in your profession, and subsidize all proper means to the accomplishment of this pur- pose. The work which has been performed by no means proves that nothing more remains to be done; but, on the contrary, a large and far more extensive field of enterprise is thus opened up, tempting you, if you are men of proper spirit, to enter and reap its honors and advantages. Be not deterred by petty diffi- culties ; the stern resolve will make mountains diminish to plains, and you will find that nothing is difficult to him who wills. Many men are prevented from engaging in such undertakings, because they think that they have not the appliances and resources which others have had. But let me tell you that some of the greatest achievements in science and art have been accomplished by very imperfect instruments. It is not the tools, but the perseverance and trained skill of the man that makes the workman. An emi- nent man of science once called upon the celebrated Dr. Wollas- ton, and requested to be shown over his laboratories, in which science had been enriched by so many important discoveries; when the doctor took him into his study, and pointing to an old tea-tray on his table, containing a few watch-glasses, test-papers, a small balance, and a blow-pipe, said: "This is all the labora- tory I have!" Franklin first drew the lightning from the clouds by means of a kite made of two sticks and a silk handkerchief. Watt made his first model of the condensing steam-engine out of an old syringe. Rittenhouse, the astronomer, first calcu- lated eclipses on his plow-handle. And the celebrated Benja- min West, it is said, made his first brushes out of the hair of a cat's tail. Numberless instances might be presented of advance- ment, under the greatest difficulties, by members of our own pro- fession ; but it is not necessary. Remember that the mind which is disposed to work will devise means for the accomplishment of its purposes; and if you have any desire to contribute to the im- 9 provement of your profession, your tools will present themselves to you. When some one asked the painter Opie by what wonder- ful process he mixed his colors, his reply was, "I mix them with my brains, sir!" Gentlemen, you will always find the same tools at your disposal, if you will only use them. But while we urge you to labor in behalf of your profession, and to devotion to it, we would also warn you against bigotry, or that exclusive subjection to one thing, which will prevent your seeing anything good or advantageous in other departments of labor. The avocations and duties of life make up a chain of relationships with all of which you should be in sympathy. Truth, like the rays of light, radiates forth in all directions, and it is your duty not only to acknowledge it whenever it is found, but also, as far as is consistent with proper attention to your own profession, to acquaint yourselves with it. Be not men of one idea, but make excursions constantly into other fields, at once for your improvement and recreation. In this world, which is filled with subjects for our contemplation and study, he is doing only part of his work who does not go somewhat beyond the limits, however broad, of his own peculiar calling. Thus alone can you secure that liberality of mind which is necessary not only for the proper discharge of the duties of your profession, but also to prepare you for fit relations with those with whom you will be called to co-operate. Do not understand us by this, however, to recommend to you that superficial course of study which is pursued by so many, who merely glance at subjects without giving attentive study to anything, who, like shallow cisterns, are very easily exhausted. Let your determination to know as much as you can be coupled with another of greater importance, to dismiss no subject until you have mastered it, and thus every step which you take will help you to an easier advance in your future efforts. Be honest enough never to pretend to be what you really are not, and lay claim to nothing which you do not know. Be honest! Rather let your deficiencies lead you to greater exertions. There is nothing so despicable as the use of a professional garb as a screen by which to overreach others, and nothing which is so sure to defeat itself. This more than anything else has served to bring discredit upon professional men, and has rendered quackery re- spectable, because practiced by those who are clothed with the dignity of a profession. Let all your efforts be directed to the furtherance of truth, and thus you will be preserved from all im- 10 proper efforts at advancement, and will insure to yourselves that self-respect which is indispensable and of more value than all the gold which you may obtain by refined trickery and deception. Let all your actions proceed from fixed and determined princi- ples, not from policy. There is no object more pitiable than the man who is always on the alert for popularity or gain, who is ever carefully weighing probabilities and endeavoring to find out what will have the best effect; who does not confine himself to his appropriate sphere or await such duties as may present them- selves, but, regardless of honor, duty, or obligation, goes out in search of something which will elevate him for a few short hours, or secure him a paltry sum. Life must lose all of its charms for such a one; for, instead of the peace and quiet which are the privileges of a man of honest purposes, he is ever in a state of feverish excitement, lest he may give offense to some while he is endeavoring to please all. Instead of that stamping of benevo- lence which is found upon the countenance of him whose life is characterized by noble deeds as nobly done, we find the sharp outline and close calculation which indicate destitution of prin- ciple, indelibly impressed. Let your intercourse with those who are engaged in the same profession always be courteous, (I do not, however, include quacks and parasites.) You are now about to enter the arena of profes- sional conflict; many circumstances will arise to try your char- acters, and many temptations will be presented to induce you to follow a selfish course; but remember that the only proper part for you to perform is that which will promote a generous inter- change of friendly offices. This is the only way in which you can retain the respect of the community, and thus you will not com- promise that dignity of character which should be the lofty ambi- tion of every man, and especially of the professional man. There is another point which suggests itself here, to which we wish to direct your attention. It has been a matter of too common occur- rence for men of the different professions to be found not only opposing each other, but also going far out of their proper sphere to find materials to aid them in their opposition. Such a course is the result of a defect in early training, of passion, pride, and prejudice, and too often, we have reason to believe, of total igno- rance of the principles which they are striving to maintain. These conflicts are altogether unworthy of you as men. Re- member that all that is really the truth sprang from the same pure source, and no matter where it is found, whether in the pro- 11 ductions of pure reason, or in the higher light of revelation, it is your duty to accept it as such. Show yourselves real men. Be prompt .in the performance of all your promises, and in the discharge of every duty which you undertake. This injunction has become so trite, that I fear it will not have the weight with you which I desire it to have; but remember that there is nothing which, if acted upon, is so likely to insure success and happiness. Be in advance of all your engagements rather than behind them; and take no excuse which your idleness or sluggishness may at times suggest. Though the flesh may be weary, rest not until you have discharged your ob- ligations, and you will secure the confidence and respect of all with whom you associate. Your reputation in this as well as in many other directions is yet to be established. Do not be indif- ferent to these things, for there is no one who can hope to suc- ceed who is regardless of the opinions of others. But while you are thus attentive, do not forget that there is an independence not at all inconsistent with proper respect for others, which is in- dispensably necessary to the formation of character, and while it does not disregard the opinions of others, leads to the proper use of those powers which have been conferred upon you. Learn to think and act for yourselves. Be not the slaves of individual or public opinion, but fearlessly and unhesitatingly use the results of your own study and labors, (when properly con- ducted.) Be determined to succeed. If your profession is worth any- thing it ought to be all things to you, and you should not there- fore enter upon it without a firm determination to succeed. Too many young men now-a-days enter upon life with a tacit under- standing with themselves, that if the business in which they are to engage does not pay, to use their own language, there are many other expedients to which they can betake themselves; and, like the young man who trusts to his father's wealth or the social position of his family to do all things for him, they accomplish nothing, but fritter away their energies, by dividing them among a score of different enterprises. It is to be presumed that, as reasonable men, you weighed the matter well and counted the cost before you determined to select the dental profession as your field of labor. Abide by that decision, though many tempting prizes may lure you to forsake it for more tempting and different pursuits. Experience has taught, again and again, that he who is faithful to his prescribed calling is a greater gainer, ultimately, 12 than he who is so readily won off by everything which, for the time, bids fair to be profitable. Fixedness and determination are some of the lessons which you will now have to put in prac- tice, and your faith in your preconceived ideas of their value will be put, at times, perhaps to a pretty severe test; but endeavor to brave the test, and the ultimate reward will be more than a compensation for your endurance. Be decided in all that you do, and let it be known, as it will be without any effort on your part, as a prominent feature of your character. Ever take a prominent part in all the business and activity of life around you. He who can sit down with folded arms at this day, has failed to understand the requirements of his time. The higher objects of life demand your attention, and be assured that in whatever direction your efforts may be made, if they are worth anything at all, they will be subsidized to the advancement of the cause of truth, whether you will it or not. Will you not rather render a willing service than be found its unconscious witness? The seal of responsibility is set upon you; every day will deepen it, whether you use life well or ill. Be faithful to yourselves, faithful to your powers, faithful to your advantages and obliga- tions. You should give your aid in the solution of the many social problems which are now so rapidly presenting themselves. Now more than ever the world is throwing off the cerements of the past. The work of centuries is crowded into days. The day of a higher, nobler, and, we humbly trust, holier development is fast drawing nigh, and we all should endeavor to prepare ourselves for it. While these surgings and heavings are going on in society, no one should be an inattentive spectator, but each one should gaze eagerly for some new token of the approaching dawn ; for the first rays of that purer light as they break through the sur- rounding gloom. By it, faint glimmering though it be, prepare yourselves for whatever may await you. This hour of our coun- try's trial hath vicarious power for ages to come, and is the harbinger of good for the world, and of a nobler freedom for man. You have your part to perform in this matter; see to it that it is well done. Make the world better by your having lived in it. It is the demand which will meet you on every hand, and you can contribute largely to it by a simple, unobtrusive life. "Life does not pay" is the echo that reaches us from the most remote ages of the past. " Life does not pay" is the melancholy conclusion of the disappointed devotee to pleasure or self. But life does pay, when viewed as a means for the accomplish- 13 ment of good for man, and used as a contest of the right against the wrong. The happy assurance that we have done good, that we have caused joy to some saddened heart, that we have been the victors over self and error, is more than a .compensation for trial and suffering. When the present dark page of our country's history is written; and when high on the galaxy of fame is re- corded the name of an Ellsworth, a Winthrop, a Lyon, and a Baker, unenslaved and admiring millions will read, and will hear reverberating in thunder-tones, "life is not an empty dream." A column of living vapor is now ascending heavenward from off our country's altar. May it be your guiding cloud by day, and pillar of fire by night! The immortal spirits of patriot martyrs are now urging you to the full performance of your duty in whatever department of life you may act. Though you may not be called upon to lay down your lives in the present conflict of right against a mighty wrong, they urge you to devote all your energies to the furtherance of truth and justice, and the speedy inauguration of the day when the hydra-headed monster, that has already too long exalted himself, shall be destroyed. "Thus error's monstrous shapes from earth are driven; They fade, they fly, but truth survives their flight; Earth has no shades to quench that beam of heaven; Each ray that shone, in early time, to light The faltering footstep in the path of right, Each gleam of clearer brightness shed to aid In man's maturer day his bolder sight, All blended, like the rainbow's radiant braid, Pour yet, and still shall pour, the blaze that cannot fade." But I must bring these hasty suggestions to a close. It re- mains but to utter the parting word, and I do it with all the sincerity which can attend an earnest desire for your good. May you fare well in every situation in which your professional char- acter may call you to labor! May you fare well in all the rela- tions of life, and, when its errand is performed, may it be more beautiful than ever in its evening time, like the autumn, rich with golden sheaves and aglow with promise of a blissful eternity! I bid you an affectionate farewell! 14 MATRICULANTS. SESSION 1881-32. Charles Degner........Germany. Elwood E. Hopkins.......Philadelphia. Joseph F. Vegas........Louisiana. Henry S. Deputy.......Philadelphia. Henry Leibert ........ Pennsylvania. John B. Young .......West Indies. Jose R. Brunet........Cuba. Alfred T. Goodell ......New York. Samuel Mari.or........England. Joseph R. Wetherill......New Jersey. Charles A. Hastings.......Brazil. Sparkman R. Screven......South Carolina. Maoin Peralta........Porto Rico. R. John Hoffner.......Philadelphia. C. Longstretu Smith.......Connecticut. M. F. Carll........Rhode Island. N. S. Jenkins........Maine. A. S. Miller........Pennsylvania. John Peffer ........Pennsylvania. William II. Penney ......Philadelphia. William M. Risdon, Jr.......New Jersey. Theo. G. Lewis.......New York. George C. Loar........Illinois. Robert H. Antis.......New York. Ernst L. Witte........Germany. John S. Warner, Jr.......Philadelphia. Jules Marcelin........New York City. Charles Downs.......Massachusetts. C. H. Eutujian........Turkey. A. S. Kidder........New Hampshire. M. F. Cook.........New York. J. I. Singley........Delaware. M. Eugene Martin.......Pennsylvania. Daniel W. Gehr.......Maryland. William Mitchell.......Ohio. Samuel K. Palmer.......New York City. T. A. Anterdon........Philadelphia. Frank X. Sheppard......Maryland. Joseph L. Perkins.......Vermont. C. M. Wilkie ........ New York. H. A. Coe.........New York. N. B. Welton........Connecticut. James H. Race....... New York. F. Comas.........Cuba. 15 GRADUATES-1861-62. Horace A. Coe, N. Y. The Salivary Secretions. M. Frank Caull, R. I. Orthodontia. Daniel W. Gehr, Md. Alveolar Abscess. Alfred T. Goodell, N. Y. The Importance of the Human Teeth. Chas. A. Hastings, S. America. Impressions, Dies, and Counter-Dies. Elwood E. Hopkins, Pa. Causes of Imperfect Development of Teeth. Augustus S. Kidder, N. H. Development and Structure of the Teeth. Henry Leihert, Pa. Physiology of the Human Teeth and Diges- Theodore G. Lewis, N. Y. Tin and its Applications. [tive Organs. Samuel Marlor, England. Reasons why a Dentist should understand Anatomy. Samuel K. Palmer, N. Y. Neuralgia Faciei, and Remedial Treatment. Joseph L. Perkins, Vt. Salivary calculus. Frank N. Sheppard, Md. Anatomy and Physiology of the Tongue. Sparkman R. Screven, S. Carolina. Carbon. C. Longstretii Smith, Conn. Fluids of the Mouth. Joseph F. Vegas, La. The Causes of Imperfect Development and Ernst L. Witte, Germany. The Dental Pulp. [Early Decay of Teeth. Joseph R. Wetherill, N. J. Diseases of the Antrum. N. B. Welton, M.D., Conn. Articulation of Artificial Dentures. DEMONSTRATORS' REPORT. SESSION OF 1861-62. OPERATIVE DEPARTMENT. 620 patients, for whom the following operations were performed. Gold Fillings.....•......454 Tin Fillings...........325 Temporary Fillings . . . . . . . . . . .11 Amalgam Fillings .......... 7 Treatment and Filling of Pulp Cavities.......113 Superficial Caries Removed ......... 15 Extraction of Teeth and Roots........2464 Removal of Salivary Calculi........75 Pivot Teeth Inserted..........13 Treatment of Inflammation of the Gums ...... 20 " Alveolar Abscess........44 " for Irregularities ......... 51 " Necrosis .......... 3 Removal of Tumors.......... 2 Total.........3597 D. H. GOODWILLIE, Demonstrator. MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT. Whole sets of Teeth...........18 Upper Sets............31 Whole Set Block Teeth..........1 Whole Upper Sets, Block.........3 Partial Sets of Single Teeth.........20 Whole Number of Teeth Mounted.....1210 J. J. GRIFFITH, Demonstrator. FACULTY. T. L. BUCKINGHAM, D.D.S, professor of chemistry and metallurgy. J. H. McQUILLEN, D.D.S., professor of anatomy and physiology. WILLIAM CALVERT, D.D.S., professor of mechanical dentistry. J. L. SUESSEROTT, D.D.S., professor of principles of dental surgery and therapeutics. C. N. PEIRCE, D.D.S., PROFESSOR OF DENTAL rilYSIOLOGY AND OPERATIVE DENTISTRY. D. H. GOODWILLIE, D.D.S., DEMONSTRATOR OF OPERATIVE DENTISTRY. J. J. GRIFFITH, D.D.S., DEMONSTRATOR OF MECHANICAL DENTISTRY. The next Annual Session of this Institution will commence on the first of November, 1862, and will continue until the first day of March ensuing. Fees for the course (Demonstrators' Tickets included) .... $100 00 Matriculation (paid but oncej............. 5 00 Diploma Fee.................. 30 00 WM. CALVERT, Dean. No. 133 North Eleventh Street, Philadelphia.