THE Natural Hiftory O F Coffee, Thee, Choco late. Tobacco. In tour feyeral Sections ; WITH A TRACT O F Elder and Juniper-Berries, Shewing how Ufeful they may be in Our COFFEE-HOVSES; And alfo the way of making M U M, With fome Remarks upon that LIQU O R. Colleded from the Writings of the befb Phyficians, and Modern Travellers, LONDON: Printed for Chrifflopher Wilkinfim, at the Black Boy over againft St. Dunjlans Church in Fleetjlreet. 16 Bz. 3 THE Natural Hiftory o F COFFEE. SECT. I. « OFFER is faid to be a fort of Arabian Bean, called Bon, or Ban in the Eaftern Countries , the Drink made of it is na- med Coava, or Chaube over all the Turkijh Dominions. Prof per Alpinus (who liv’d, feveral years in AEgypt) allures us that he faw the Tree it lelf, which he compares to our Spindle Tree, or Prick- wood, only the Leaves were a little thicker, and harder, befides continually Green. This Tree is found in the Defarts of Arabia, in fomc parts of Perfia and India, the Seed or Berry of which is called by the Inhabitants Buncho, Bon, and Ban, which being dry’d, and boyfd with Water, is the moll Univerfal Drink in ail the Tur- kijh , and feveral Eaftern Countries, where Wine is pubiickly forbid: it has been the moft antient Drink of Alpinus de Plant' o£gtf~ tlac. p .2.6. '4 TWe jxatural Hiflory Sect. I. the Arabians, and fome will have the jus nigrum Spar- tanorum, the black Broth of the Spartans, to have been the fame with our Coffee: the Ferfians at this day do tipple as much Coffee off as the Turks themfclves. Ta- vernier in his Defcription of Ifpahan (the Metropolis of Ferfia) is very jocofe and merry, when he comes to de- feribe the famous Coffee-Houfe of that City; he fays, that the wife Sha Alas obferving great numbers of Per- jians to refort to that Houfe daily, and to quarrel very much about State-affairs, appointed a Moullah to be there every day betimes to entertain the Tohacco-vohif- fers, and Coffee-chaffers with a point of Law, Hiflory, or Poetry; after which, the Moullah rifes up, and makes Proclamation that every man muff retire, and to his bu- fmefs: upon which they all obferve the Moullah, who is always liberally entertain’d by the Company. Olearius does alfo fpeak of the great diverfions made in their Coffee-Houfes of Ferfia by their Poets, and Hiflorians, who are feated in. a high Chair, from whence they make Speeches, and tell Satyrical Stories, playing in the mean time with a little flick, and the fame geßures, as our Juglers and Legerdemain-men do in England. As for the qualities and nature of Coffee, our own Countryman, DrAVillis, has publilh’d a very rational Account, whofe great Reputation and Authority are of no fmali force; he fays, that in feveral Headachs, Diz- zinefs. Lethargies, and Catarrhs, where there is a grofs habit of Body, and a cold heavy Conflirution, there Coffee may be proper, and fuccefsful; and in thefe cafes he fent his Patients to the Coffee-Houje rather than to the Apothecaries Shop: but where the temperament is hot* and lean, and active, there Coffee may not be very agree- able, becaufe it may difpofe the Body to inquietudes, and leannefs. The Dr. makes one unlucky obfervation of this Drink, which I am afraid will cow our Citizens dy dt s. p. • . i verniers ravels, p. i. Olearius, Am- baJJ'adors Tra- vels of Perfia, lib, 6. p. 224. Dr. Willis Vharmacm, Rat, p. r. fl/COFFEE. 5 from ever medling with it hereafter, that it often makes men Paralytick, and does fo flacken their firings, as they become unfit for the fports, and exercifes of the Bed, and their Wives recreations; to confirm which, I will quote here two Precedents out of the mod Learned Ole anus, who fays, that the Perfians are of an opinion that Coffee allays their natural heat, for which reafon they drink it, that they may avoid the charge, and in- conveniences of many Children: nay, the Perfians are fo far from difiembling the fear they have thereof, that fome of them have come to the Holfietn Phyfician of that Embafiy, for Remedies to prevent the multiplica- tion of Children, but the DoOror being a merry bold Germany anfwered the Perfians, that he had rather help them to get Children, than to prevent them. This mod famous Olearius (that made fo many curious, and ac- curate Obfervations in his Travels) tells us of a Per fan King, named Sultan Mahomet Cajwin, who Reigned in Per fa before Tamerlane's time, that was fo accuftomed- to drinking of Cahiva, or Coffee, that he had an uncon- ceivable averfion to Women, and that the Queen (lan- ding one day at her Chamber Window, and perceiving they were about gelding a Horfe, ask’d fome (landers by, why they treated fo handfom a Creature in that manner;, whereupon anfwer was made her, that he was too fiery and mettlefome, therefore they refoiv’d to de- prive him of his generative faculty: the Queen reply’d,. that trouble might have been fpar’d, fince Cahwa, or Coffee, would have wrought the fame effefl, the experi- ment being already try’d upon the King her Husband. This King left a Son, call’d Mahomet, after him, as our mod grave and faithful Traveller does allure us, who being come to the Crown, commanded that great Poet, ■ Habm Fardaufi, to prefent him with fome Verfes, for every one of which the Sophy promifed him a Ducat; Oiearias, Atn~ baffidnrs Vra- vels through Perfia. lib. 6, Olearius, AM- baffadors Tra- I- vels through Perfia. Üb. 6. p. 240. The Natural Htjlory Sect. I. the Poet in a ihort time made fixty thoufand, which at this day are accounted the beft that ever were made in Perfia, and Hakim Fardaufi elteem’d the Poet Laureat of the Eaft; the Treafurers thinking it coo great a fum for a Poet, would have put him oft with half, whereupon Fardaufi made other Verfes, wherein he reproach’d the King with Avarice, and told him, he could not be of Royal Extraction, but mull be rather defcended from a Shoemaker, or a Baker: Mahomet being netled, made complaint to the Queen his Mother,who fufpcCting that the Poet had difcovcred her Amours, ingenioufly con- fefled to the King her Son, that his Father being Impo- tent through his exceflive drinking of Cahwa, or Coffee, file fancied a Baker belonging to the Court, and faid, if it had not been for the Baker, the young King had never been what he was; fo left the bufmefs Ihould take wind, the Poet got his full reward. But let us return a little into our old ferious road. Coffee is laid to be very good for thofe, that have ta- ken too much Drink, Meat, or Fruit, as the Learned Schroder will inform you, as alfo againll fhortnefs of Breath, and Rheum, and it is very famous in old obflru- Cfions, fo that all the /Egyptian, and Arabian Women, are obferv’d to promote their Monthly courfes with Coffee, and to tipple conftandy of it all the time they are flowing,for which we have the undoubted authority °f Profper Alpinus, who fpent feveral years amongft them. It is found to eafe the running Scorbutick Gout, or jyieumatifm, as Mollenbrcccius has affirm’d. As for the manner of preparing Coffee, it is fo eafie, and fo commonly known, that we need not mention it, only we may obferve, that fome of the Afatick Nati- ons make their Coffee of the Coat, or Husk of the Berry, whick they look upon to be much flronger, and more efficacious than the Berry it felf, fo that they take Schroder’s Ap- fen ' p‘ 24*J Frofp. Alpinus de Med. ing of Thee: it is a common Proverb in Japan, lllene Janus non Jit? Bihit de optimal Tfia, What, is not he well ? He Drinks of the bed Thee, I know fome that Celebrate good Thee for preventing Drunkenncfs, taking it before they go to the Tavern, and ufe it alfo very much after a Debauch, Theehdng found fo friendly to their Stomachs, and Heads: feveral Ambadadors find the advantage of it in prefervitig them from the accidents and inconveni- ences of a bad Foreign Air; but that which gives the greated commendation to Theey is the good Character Alexander de Rhodes Voya- ges & mijjions Apoftoliques. Eircheri China iUuftrata.lb.q, thevenotts Hi- Jlor. legat. Ba- tavor,in China, Toni. 3. Phi- •lofopb.Tranfacl, N. x 4. Varenius de- fer ipt. Regni Japan. c. 23. Boyles typtr. rhUof. p. 94. Simon Paulin This, p. 67,, which our famous Country-man, Mr. Boy I, gives of it in his Experimental Philofophy, where he fays, that it defervcs thofe great praifes which are commonly be- llow'd upon it, Yet Simon Fault exclaims againd the Sect.lL of THEE. if ufc of as a great dryer, and promoter of old Age, and as a thing unnatural, and foreign to the European Complexions. But Schroder anfvvers Pauli very mild-; ly, fuppofmg him to fpeak only of theabufe, and extra- i vagant management of Thee; for other wife Rheuharhr China, Sajfafras* and Saundersy fhould be banifkt from our Shops by the fame reafon, they being Dryers, and foreign to us Englijh-men, therefore wc may conclude Thee innocent, and beneficial, • . ... Schroderi Ap- pend. ad Phar- macop, p 28. The Chinefes gathpr the Leaf in the Spring one by one, apd immediately put thenuo warm in an Iron Kettle o- ver the Fire, then laying them on a fine light Mac, rolls them together with their Hands; the Leaves, thus roll’d are again hang’d over the Fire, and then roll’d dofer to- gether, till they are dry,, then put up carefully in Tin Veflels to preferve them from moifture: thus they pre- pare the belt Leaves, that yield the greatefl rates, but the common ordinary ones are only dry’d in the Sun, yet in the Shade is doubtlefs much better, (as the inge- nious Author of Vinetum Britannicum does weilobferve) the Sun having a great power to attrad the vertue out of any Vegetable after its reparation from its nouriflier, the Earth. One fpoonful of this prepar’d Thee is enough for one quart of boyl’d Water. Vintt, Brit in, p. 140. There are feveral ways and methods for preparing Thee. The Japonians powder the Plant upon a Stone, and fo put it into hot Water. The Chinefes boyl the Leaves with Water and a little Sugar. Some Europeans make Tindures, Infufions, Conferves, and Extrads of Nicol. Tulpii obfervat. Med, lib. 4. c. 60. Thee. The Tartars are obferv’d to boy I their Thee in Milk with a little Salt, which way they think is the ve- syj b eft. The Inhabitants of Carolina prepare a Liquor out of the Leaves of an American Tree, which is very like Thee, and equal to it in every relped, Dr. Mundy obferves that Thevenats Hi- [lor. legat. Bel- gic. ad fimnfi- um regem. Dr, Mundy de potutntis, p. 353. The NaturalHijlory, See. Sect. 11. the Inhabitants of Florida have an old cuftom,before they go into the Field to War, of Drinking a Liquor in a great publick Aflembly, which he that Vomits up, is judg’d unfit for that Warlike Expedition, and is condemn’d to flay at home in difgrace; but when he has learnt to car- ry off the Liquor, then he is admitted to be a lawful Sol- dier : Now Thee it felf when given in a large dofe, and in a ftrong Decodbion, does often prove Vomitive, as I my felf have obferv’d feveral times. Some make Decodbions of the Roots of Avens, Galan- ga, Coriander, and Anifeeds, Sarfa, China, Saunders, of the Leaves of Sage, Betony, Rorifmary, &c, which they do extol above Thee or Coffee. THE Natural Hiftory o F CHOCOLATE. SECT. 111. HAving given a fhort Natural Hiflory of two things, which are fo univerfally us’d in the Eaftern part of the World, we now come to treat briefly of two more, which are ge- nerally us’d in thc'Weftern: Firft of Chocolate, of which the Cacao,or Cacaw-nut, being the principal Ingre- dient, a fhort Account of it cannot be improper,this Nut, or rather the Seed, or Kernel of the Nut, as Mr. Hughes obferves, is of the bignefs of a great Almond; in fome of thefe Fruits there are a dozen, in fome 2.0, in others 30, or more of thefe Kernels, or Cacds, which are well de- Icrib’d by the Ingenious and Learned Dr. Grew, when thefe Kernels are cured they become blackifh, and are compar’d to a Bullocks Kidney, cut into Partitions; there is great variety in them, by reafon of the difference of Soyls and Climates where they grow: the Tree is faid to be as large as our Englifh Pluml-trees. the Leaves fharp-pointed,compar’d by fome Travellers to the Leaves Hughes Ameri- can PhyficUnt p. 115. Dr.Grcw Muf. Reg, Soe. AngU p a©* The Natural Hiftory S e c t. 111. wife in Hi (lor. Wat. indite itrhfl!iS' of Chefnut; by the Curious Pifo to the Leaves of an Orange', the Flower of a Saffron colour, upon the ap- pearance of which, the Fruit; appears upon the Branches as Apples : This Tree gfoWs in feveral parts of America, as in Nicaragua* New .Spain, Mexico, Cuba, and in Jamaica, elpecialiy at CoIIoOqI or Plantati, onet; they predpMbgff i| low| rifrojltr, ju|dja* ground, and are asfquar'cly, ancfbrdcrly let, as the Cherry Trees in Kent, or Worcejlerjhire rthey bear within 7 years, and then twice every year, the firll Crop be- tween January and February, the other-between 'May and Jme> The Inhabitants have ib great a value/for them, as that they fecure them with the {hades of Plan- tane and Emma Trees, againff the injuries of their fiery Sun, and do ufe ths Kernels Money, both in their Traffick, and- Rewards; a-s’the-great Jefuit, Jofe- phus Acojia, obferv’d, when he was lent into American The- Tndi'cm look upon their Chocolate as the greatefl de- licacy for extraordinary Entertainments. Montezuma is find to have Treated Cortez and his Soldiers with it; and you can fcarce. read ati American Traveller, but he will often tell you of the magnificent Collations of Cho- that the Indians offer’d him in his Fafiage and Joumies through their Country',:" as Mr. Gage ( who Travel}-djfdghy'yc'ats m Nmpncff ) mfbrms us, the£/w- -wards do conftantly drink Chocolate in riieif Churches, at Mexico and Chiapa, of which they being once forbid, did Mutiny, andcommit great Outrages, till their. Cu- Rom was r.eflor’d .them. Thz Indians, and Chriflians* in the American Plantations/ have been obferv’d to live feveral Months upon Cacao Nuts alone,mad.e into a Fade with-Sugary and fo difiblv’din Water; I my felf have eaten great quantities of thefc K'ernels raw, without the leaft' inconveniencet. and have .heard; that Mr. Beyle, and Dr. Stuhhs, have let down into their Stomachs fbme Hughes Ame- rican Vhyfici- W, p. x x 2. Jof. Acofta in- dor. Hiftor. Jib. 4. c. 22. Gv-g&s Sumy of the mjl In- dies. Chap.of Chocolate. Sect.llf. of CHOCOLATE. pounds of them raw without any moledation; the Sto- mach feems rather to be fatiated, than cloy’d with diem, which is an Argument they are foon didblv’d, and dige- dcd. The Spaniards do not fcruple to eat - diem upon their great Fad days. The Indians, at drft made their Chocolate of the Nut a- lonc without any addition , unlefs fometimes Pepper, and Maiz, or Indian Wheat, and in Jamaica at this day, as Mr. Hughes obferves, there is a fort oi. i made up only of the Fade of the Cacao it felf, and this ‘ he efteems to be one of the bed forts of Chocolate. Dr. j Stubbs, who was a great Mailer of the Chocolart Act,1 did not approve of many Ingredients, befides the Cacao Nut; that Chocolate which the Doctor prepared for His Majeity, had double the quantity of the Cacao Kernel to the other Ingredients: In the common fort the Cacam Nuts may take up half the Compofition, according to Pijo, in the word a third part only. As to the other i Ingredients for making up Chocolatey they may be vari-J ed according to the conftitutioils of thofe that are to drink it; in cold conditutions Jamaica Pepper, Cinna..-»■ won, Nutmegs, Clove Sy &c. may be mixe with the Cacao Nut: Tome add Musk, Amhergreafe, Citron, Lemmon- Peels, and Odoriferous Aromatick Oyls : In hot Con- fumptive tempers you may mix Almonds, Piftachds, dec. fometimes China, Sarfa, and Saunders; and fometimes Steel and Rheuharh may be added for young green La- dies. Mr. Hughes gives us very good advice, in telling us, that we may btiy the bed Chocolate of Seamen and Merchants, who bring it over ready made from the WcJl Indies; his reafon is none of the word, which is this, let the Cacao Kernels be never fo well cur d in die Weji In- dies, and dowed neverTo carefully in die Ship, yet by their long tranfpof ration, and by the various Airs of Climates they are often fpoiici, their natural Gylinefs Hughis Ameri- can Phygcian. p. in. Dr. Smbbs In- dian Nefiar. Plfo Mit. Hi- yjfor. indcu Jfkghts Af- rican Fhyfai— an. p. 11X.. The Natural Hiflory Sect. 111. tending much to putrefaction: from whence I have heard fcvcral complain in that their Chocolate made up here does often prove mufty, and will fettle much to the bottom of the Difh, which is a certain fign, fays the . Learned Dr. Stubbs, that the Nuts are either faulty, or not well beaten, and made up. The belt Cacao Nuts are faid to come from Carraca or Nicaragua, out of which Dr. Stubbs prepar’d Cholocate for the King; yet the Do- ctor commends the Cacao Nuts of Jamaica, which were firft Planted there by the Spaniards '.That you may know how to Prepare your Chocolate, I will give you a fhort direction, if you intend to make it up your felf; con- fult your own conditution and circumdances, and vary the Ingredients according to the Premifes, for I cannot give a Receipt to make up the mafsof Chocolate, which will be agreeable, and proper to all Complexions; yet in the Compofition of it, you mud remember to ap- point the Cacaiv Kernel for the fundamental and princi- pal Ingredient: as for the managing the Cacao Nut, Dr. . Stubbs, and Mr. Hughes, have publilht mod excellent indruCtions, how you mud peel, dry, beat and fearce it . very carefully, before you beat it up into a mafs with other Pimples: as for the great quantity of Sugar which is commonly put in, it may dedroy the Native and Ge- nuine temper of the Chocolate, Sugar being fuch a corro- five fait, nnd fuch a Hypocritical Enemy to the Body. Simon Pauli (a Learned Dane) thinks Sugar to be one caufe of our Englijh Confumptions; and Dr. Willis blames it as one caufe of our Univerfal Scurvy’s: there- fore when Chocolate produces any ill effects, they may be often imputed to the great fuperduity of its Sugar, which often fills up half its Compofition. For prepa- ring the Drink of Chocolate, you may obferve the fol- lowing meafures. Take of the mafs of Chocolate, cut into fmall pieces, one ounce, of Milk and Water well Dr. Stubbs In- dian Neffar. 'Dr. Stubbs In- dian Nett nr. and Mr, iughes Ameri- can Phyfician. Simon Pauli qua.drifa.rt 80-] tan.. Dr. Willis de Scorbuto. Sect.lll. 0/CHOCOLATE. boyl’d together, of each half a pint, one yolk of an Egg well beacemmix them together, let them boyl but gently till all is diflblved,flirring them often together with your Mollinet, or Chocolet Mill; afterwards pour it into your Difhcs, and into every Dilli put one fpoonful of Sack. As for the vertues and effedbs of the Cacao Nut, or Chocolate5 all the American Travellers have written fuch Panegyricks, and fo many Experimental Obfervations, that I mould but degrade this Royal Liquor, if I ihould offer at any; yet I think two or three Remarks upon it cannot be unsuitable to this little Hiftory; feveral of thefe curious Travellers, and Phyficians, do agree in this, that the Cacao Nut has a wonderful faculty of quenching thirff, allaying Heftick heats, of nourilhing andfatning the Body. Mr. Gage acquaints us, that he drank Chocolate in the Indies two or three times every day for twelve years together, and he fcarcc knew what any Difeafe was in all that time, he growing very fat: fome objeft it is too oily and grofs, but then the bitter- nefs of the Nut makes amends, carrying the other off by Rrengthening of the Bowels. Mr. Hughes informs us, that he liv’d at Sea for fome Months of nothing but Cho- colate, yet neither his flrengch, nor flelli were dim mi (li- ed : he fays bur Enghjh Seamen are very greedy of it when they come into any Indian Port, and foon get plump countenances by the ufe of it. Mr. Hughes him- felf grew very fat in Jamaica by the vertue of the Cacao Nut; fo he judges it mod proper for Lean, Weak, and Confumptive Complexions: it may be proper for fome breeding Women, and thofe perfons that are Hypocon- driacal, and Melancholly. The induftrious Dr. Mundy gives a notable example of the effect of Chocolate,he fays, chat he knew a Man in a defperate Confumption, who took a great fancy for Chocolate, and his Wife out of com- plaifmce drank it often with him: the confequence was ■ Joh. de Laet. Hiller, indor. 1 Pifo n. Hifior. , Indor. Herbar. Mexi- can. ’ Benzonus ■ fior. indor. Oc- cident. &c. Gages Survey ] of the mfi In- dies. Chap, of Chocolate, Hughes Ame- rican Phyfici- ant p. 147* Hr. Mundy dt potulenm. P< ?50. The Natural Hiflory Sect. 111. this, the Husband recover’d his health, and his Wife brought afterwards to Bed of three Sons at one Birch. The great ufe of in Venery, and for Apply- ing the Teflicles with a Balfam, or a Sap, is fo ingeni- oufly made out by one of our Learned Countrymen al- ready, chat I dare not prefume to add any thing after fo accomplilht a Pen; though lamof an opinion, that I might treat of the Subject without any immodefty, or offence. Gerfon the Grave Roman Cafuift, has writ de Tollutione Noel urn a, and fome have defended Fornication in thePopifh Nunneries; Hyflerical fits, Hypocondria- cai Melancholy, Love Paffions, Confumptivc Pinings away, and Spcrmatical Feavers, being inflances of the neceffity hereof, natural inftind pointing out the Cure: We cannot but admire the great prudence of Mofes, who feverely Prohibited, that there lliould be no Whore a- mongft the Daughters of Ifrael, yet that moil wife Le- giflator took great care for their timely Marriage: upon thefe very accounts the Cafuifts defend the Proteftant Clergy in their Marriages. And Adam is commanded in Paradife to Encreafe and Multiply, therefore I hope this little excurfion is pardonable, being fo adequate to this Treatifc of Chocolate; which if Rachel had known, ihe would not have purchas’d Mandrakes for Jacob. If the Amorous and Martial Turk lliould ever talle it, he would defpife his Opium. If the Grecians and Arabians had ever try’d it, they would have thrown away their , and their Cuckow-Vintles; and Ido not doubt, but you London Gentlemen, do value it above all your Cullifes and Jellies,your Anchoves,Bononia Sawjages, your Cock, or your Soys, your Ketchups and Caveares, your Cantharides, and your Whites of Eggs, are not to be compared to our rude Indian; therefore you mull be very courteous and favourable to this little Pamphlet, who tells you moff faithful Obfervations. Sect.llL of CHOCOLATE. The induftrious Author of the Vinetum Britannkum Vim, ntitai,] makes a Quaere, whether the Kernel of the Wallnut may P* 159* not fupply the defeat of the Cacao, if well Ground. Dr. Grew thinks, that for thofe that drink Chocolate at nr. Crew’s Coffee-Houses without any Medicinal refpeft, there is no*1# doubt, but that of Almonds finely beaten, and mixed p‘2osi with a due proportion of Spices, and Sugar, may be ms fit* sc nleafant a Drink as the heftChnmlate. THE Natural Hiftory O F TOBACCO SECT. IV. fr OB AC CO is reckon’d by the beft Herbalifts I to be a Species, or fort of Henbane, proper fl to the American Regions, as Dodonaus and A Simon Pauli; yet, feme Botanijh will have it a Native of Europe, and reduce it to feveral of our Qaffes. but I will not trouble you with this Contro- verfie, only we may take notice, that Thevet did firft bring the feed of Tobacco into France, though Nicot the French Ambaftador in Portugal (from whom it is call’d Nicotiana) was the firft that fent the Plant it felf into his own Country. PTer nancies de Toledo (who. Travel 1 d mer;Ca by the Command of Philip II.) having fiipply’d Spain and Portugal with it before.. Sir Francis Drake got the Seed in Virginia, and was the firft that brought it into England; yet fome give Sir Walter Rawleigh the honour of it5 fmee which time it has thriven very well Dodonaas Herbal. Simon Pauli qaadri- fart.Botan.& : Üb.deTabaco. ( Hernandez Hi ft or. Amri- can. Turchas Voy- ages into Ame- rica. Sect.lV. of TOBACCO. in our Englijh Soil: a great quantity of it grows yearly in feveral Gardens about Wejtminfter, and in other parts of Middlefex. It is planted in great plenty in Gloucefter, Devonjhire, and fome other Weftern Countries; his Majcfty fending every year a Troop of Horlc to deftroy it, left the Trade of our American Plantations Ihould be incommoded thereby: yet many of the London Apothe- caries make ufe of Englijh tobacco in their Shops, not- withftanding the vulgar Opinion that this Herb is a Na- tive of America, and foreign to Europe: yet Livamis af- fures us, that it grows naturally in the famous Hercyni- an For reft of Germany. If this was true, we would no longer call it Tobacco from the Ifland of Tobago. The names of it are fo various, as they would glut the mod hungry Reader. The Americans ftyle it Picielt; in Nova Francia, Petum; in Hifpaniola, Cozohba; in Virginia, Uppuvoc; at Rome, Herha Sar.Ba Crucis ; in fome parts of Italy, He /ha Me dice a \ in France, Herb a Regina, as you may read in Magnenus and Meander: but let it be of what name or kind it will, I am confident, that it is of the poyfonous fort, for it Intoxicates, Inflames,, Vomits, and Purges; which Operations are common to-poyfon- ous Plants, as to Poppeys, Nightjhades, Hemlocks, Monks hood, Spurges, and. Hellebores, that will produce the like effects : befides, every one knows that the Oyl of To- bacco is one of the greateft Poyfons in nature,a few drops of it falling upon the tongue of a Cat, will immediately throw her into Convulsions, under which flic wHi die. This Dr. Willis allures us to be truethe experiment fuccecded,when it was try’d before the Royal Society,as the Learned Dr. Grew has affirmed: befides, I can fpeak it upon my own certain knowlcdg, having kill’d feveral Animals with a few drops of this Oyl. Yet that moft fagacious Italian, Fravcifco Redi, obferyes very well, that the Oyl of 'Tobacco kills not all Animals, neither Magnenus de Tabaco.Ntander Tabacalog. Dr. Writ is Pham. Rat. Dr. Grew’s Muf. Reg Soc.. p. 752. Philof. frartfi. act. Olden- burgh N. The Natural Hijlory S e c T. IV* does it difpatch thofe, it kills, in the fame fpace of time; there is a great difference between the Tobacco of Brazil, and that of St.Chrijlaphers, as to this effect: Varino and Brazil Tobacco being aimoft of the fame quality and ope- ration, whereas that of SuChrifiophers, Terra Nova, Nieve, St. Martin, have very different effects. If we run over thole Countries where Tobacco is made ufe of, wefnay obferve the various manners of ufmg it; fome Americans will mix it with a Powder of Shells, to chew it, falivating all the time, which they fancy does refrelh them in their Journeys and Labours: others in New Spain will dawb the ends of Reeds with the Gum, or Juice of Tobacco, and fetting them on fire, will fuck the fmoak to the other end. The Virginians were obferv’d to have Pipes of Clay before ever the Englijh came there, and from thole Barbarians we Europeans have borrow’d our mode and falhion of fmoaking. The Moors and Turks have no great kindnefs for Tobacco; yet when they do fmoak, their Pipes are very long, made of Reeds, or Wood, with an earthen head. Thshift- men do moft commonly powder their Tobacco, and fnuff it up their Noftrils, which fome of our Englijh-men do, who often chew, and fwallow it; I know fomePerfons PnrchM Voya- ges to Amricn. that do eat every day fome ounces of Tobacco without any fcnfible alteration: frome whence we may learn, that ufe and cuftora will tame, and naturalize the moft fierce and rugged Poyfon,fo that it will become civil and friendly to the body. We read of a/vr»c/;Ambaflador,that being in England, was fo indifpos’d, that he could never fleep; upon which he would often devour whole Ounces of Opium without being concern’d: and the Turks are often obferv’d to fwallow great Lumps of it, a tenth part of which would kill thofc that were not accuftom- ed to Opiates, I know a Woman in this City, that be- ing us’d 10 take both the Hellebores, will often fwallow 'Mphem'GtmtH. Ao. 2. Sect.lV. of TOBACCO. whole Scruples of them without the leaft motion, or operation, fo that cuftom and eonverfation will make the fierceft creature familiar. As for the Culture, Harvett, Preparation, and Traf- fick of Tobacco, I will recommend you to Neander, where, if you are curious, you may meet with fatisfa- £tion. I cannot omit one Story out of Monardus, who tells us, that the Indian Prietts being always confuked about the events of War, do burn the Leaves of Tohac- Neander 7 ' bacalo*. Monardus lib. x; f.xoti■ cor. CluSi, co, and fucking into their mouths thefmoak by a Reed, or Pipe, do prefendy fall into a Trance, or Extatte, and as fponas ever they come out of it, they difeover to the Indians all the fecret Negotiation, which they have had with the great Damon,always delivering feme ambiguous anfwer. As for the qualities* nature, and ufes of Tobacco, they may be very confidcrable in feveral cafes and cir- cumftances ; though King James himfelf has both Writ, and Difputed very fmartly againft it at Oxford, and Simon Pauli has Pub Mid a very Learned Book againft it. Some Anatomifts tell us moft terrible Stones of footy Brains, and black Lungs, which have been feen in the DnTedions of Dead Bodies, which when Liv- ing had been accuftomed to Tobacco. Wc read that Amur at h the, Fourth did forbid the ufe of it over all the Simoa Paul i dr ■ abufn Tabaci. Diemerbrock. Anal. Hoffman. J>a;. - vim. - Turkifh Dominions, under the moft fevere Penalties; the Turks having an opinion amongft them, that To- bacco will make them Effeminate, and Barren,, unfit for War, and Procreation; though feme think there is a Politick cldign in it, to obftruft: the fale of it in the Pa- ttern Countries , and to prevent the Chriftians from ettablifhing any considerable Traffick from fo mean a Commodity, which perhaps may be one reafon, why the Great Duke of Mufcovy has threamed to punim Oiearius, Am* baffadors Tra- vels through Mufcovy. The Natural Hiftory Sect.lV* thofe Merchants, who offer to fell any Tobacco in his Countries. Scach Aha* (the Great Sophy of Terfia ) Leading an Army againft the Cham of Tartary, made Proclamation, that if any Tobacco was found in theCu- ftody of any Soldier, he fhouid be burnt alive, together With his Tobacco. Yet for all this it may be very bene- ficial to Mankind, as you will conclude from what does follow. Dr. Willis Fbam. Rat. Dr, Willis recommends Tobacco to Soldiers, becaule it may (apply the want of Vidfuals, and make them in- fenfiblc of the dangers, fatigues, and hard (hips, which do ufually attend Wars and Armies; befides. it is found to Cure Mangy, and Ulcerous Difeafes , which are frequent in Camps. I know a curious Lady in the North, that docs very great feats in Sores and Ulcers by a Preparation of Tabacco. Our Learned and mod Experienc’d Countryman, Mr .Boyle, does highly com- mend Tobacco Clydcrs in the molt violent Colick pains, which are often Epidemical in Citics,and Camps. The Renowned Hartman extols the Water of Tobacco a- gaind Agues: And the curious Dr. Grew found the fuc- cefs of ihe Oyl of it in the Tooth-ach, a Lint being dip’d in it, and put into the Tooth. The effects of To- lacco has been very good in fome violent pains of the Head; as fome thoufands have experimented: As for the daily fmoaking of it, the (late and circumdances of your Body mud be the bed guide, and rule; if your complexion be lean, hot, and dry, it is an argument a- gaind it, but if cold, moid, and humoral, fubjeft to Catarrhs, Rheums, and Pains, then there may be a temptation to venture upon it, fo every man mud confult his own temper f and the experience of o- thers. BoyL's experi- ment Phllofo- phy. Hartman prax. Chym Ur.Grew Muf. Rig. S 06- p.ija. Sect.lV. of TOBACCO, A modern French Author has writ a peculiar Tra£t of Tobacco, wherein he commends it in Convulfions, in pains, and for bringing on fleep; he extols the Oyl of it in Curing Deafnefs, being injected into the Ear in a convenient, vehicle, alfo againfl: Gouty and Scorbutical pains of the Joints,being appli’d in a liniment. A Lixi- vium of Tobacco often prevents the falling off of the hair, and is fanpusin Curing the Farcy, or Leprofie of Cartel. Journal des Scavans. Aa. i63i. The USE of JUNIPER A N D ELDER-BERRIES. INO U R Publick-Houfes. THESE two Berries are lb Celebrated in many Countries, and fo highly recom- mended to the World by feverai famous Writers, and Practitioners, that they need not defire any Varnilh, or Argument from me. The fimplc DecoCtions of them fvveetned with a little fine Sugar-Candy will afford Liquors fo pleafant to the Eye, fo grateful to the Palate, and fo beneficial to the Body, that I cannot but wonder after all thefe Charms , they have not as yet been Courted 5 and Ufher’d into our Publick Houfes; if they Ihould once appear on the Stage, I am confident, that both the Whig and the Tory, would agree about them far better than have done about the Medal and Mujhroow. nay, the very Cynick and Stoick himfelf, would fall in Love with The Ufe of JUNIPER, the Beauty, and extraordinary Vertues of thefe Berries, which are fo common, and cheap, that they may be pur- chas’d for little or nothing; one Ounce of the Berry well cleanfed, bruis’d, and mafh’d, will be enough for almoft a Pint of Water; when they are boy I’d together, the Veffel muft be carefully ftopt: after the boyling is over, one fpoonful of Sugar Candy may be put in. The Juniper-tree grows wild upon many Hills in Surrey, and Oxfordjhire, and upon Juniper-Hill near Hilderjham in Cambridgfhire; befides, in fcveral other parts of England: The Berries are moft commonly ga- ther’d about Augujl, The Ajirological Botanijls advife us to pull them, when the Sun is in Virgo. Of the Juniper* Berry. Dr. Merrets Pinax. Ray’* catalog. Plantar. The Juniper-Berry is of fo great reputation in the Nothern Nations, that they ufe it, as we do Coffee and Thee, efpecially the Laplanders, who do almoft adore it, (a Learned ) allures us, that thefe Berries have perform’d wonders in the Stone, which he did not learn from Books, or common Fame* but from his own obfervation and experience; for he produces two very notable examples, that being tormented with the Stone, did find incredible fuccefs in the ufe of thefe Berries: and if my memory does not fail me, I have heard our moft ingenious, and famous Dr. Troutheck, commend a Medicine prepar’d of them in this Diftem- per. Befides Schroder knew a Nobleman of Germany, that freed himfelf from the intolerable fymptoms of the Stone by the conftant ufe of thefe Berries : Ask any Phyfician about them * and he will bellow upon them a much finer Character than my rude Pencil can draw. The Learned Mr* Evelyn will tell you what great kind- nefles Ire has done to his Poor fick Neighbours, with a Preparation of Juniper-Berries, who is pleas’d to honour them with the Title of the Forrejler’s Panacrea; he extols the Wind ‘Colick, and many other Hiftory of Lap* Laftd. Simon Pauli quadripartit. Botan. p. Schroder. Pharmacof. Evelyn of For- reft Trees, ?• n6' and ELDER-BERRIES. Diflempers. Do but confult Bauhimis, and Schroder, the firft being the moil exaft Herbal, the other the moft faithful and elaborate Difpcnfatory, that ever has been publifh’d; and you will find great commendations of thefe Berries in Dropfies, Gravel, Coughs, Confumpti- ons. Gout, Stoppage of the mouthy Courfes, in Epilep- fies, Palfles, Lethargies, in which there are often an ill appetite, bad digeftions, and obflrufHons. Take one fpoonful of the Spirit of Juniper-Berries, four grains of the Salt of Juniper, three drops of the Oyl of Juniper-Berries well rectified; mix them all to- gether, drink them Morning and Night in a Glafs of White-wine, and you will have no contemptible Medi- cine in all the aforementioned Difeafes. Joh. Bauhin. Hi ft or.Plantar. Schroder. Vhamacop. Now it is probable, that you have both the Spirit, Salt, and Oyl of this Berry in a dimple Deception of it, provided it be carefully and skilfully manag’d. If this will not fatisfie, do but read Benjamin Scarffim, and Scarffius it {oh Michael Juniperet* J°^% Michael, who have Publilh’t in Germany two feveral Books of the Juniper, and you may meet with far more perfuafive arguments, than I can pretend to offer you. The Elder Tree grows almofl every where, but it Of Elder-Bir- rits. moft delights in Hedges, Orchards, and other lhady places, or on the moift Banks of Rivulets and Ditches, unto which ’tis thrufl by the Gardeners, left by its Lux- ury, and importunate increafe yearly it fhouki poflefs all their ground. We write here of the Domeftick, common Elder, not of the Mountain, the Water, or Dwarf Elder, ours in figure is like the Ajh; the Leaves referable thofc of a Walnut Tree, but Ids; in the top of the Branches,, and Twigs, there fpring fweetand crifped umbels,fweiling with white odoriferous Flowers (in June before St. Johns Eve ) which by their fall give place to a many branched Grape, firfl green, then ruddy, laft of a black, dark, Purple Colour,lucculent and tumid with its Dr. Blochwich Anatom. Sam- hci. The Ufe of JUNIPER winifli Liquor : of ali the wild Plants ’ns firfl covered with Leaves,and laft uncloathed of them. It dourilhes in May, June, July, but the Berries are not ripe till AuguJL As for the qualities, and vertues of Elder-Berries, I need fay no more, but that Mr. Ray has: given a great encomium of them; our Learned Dr. Needham com- mending them in Dropfies, and fome Feavers; and I have been inform’d, that the ingenious Dr. Croon has extoH’d a Spirit of Elder-Berries in an Epidemical inter- mittent Feavcr. Schroder fays* they do peculiarly re- fpecl fome Difeafes, attributed to the Womb. Mr. Eve- lyn is fo bountiful to his poor Forrefter, as to allure him, that if he could but learn the Medicinal Properties of the Elder Tree, he might fetch a Remedy from every Hedg, either for Sicknefs, or Wound: the fame curious Gen- tleman takes notice* how prevalent thefe Berries are in fcorbutick Diflempers, and for the prolongation of Life (fo famous is the.Story of Nreander,) I have heard fome praife them in Bloody Fluxes, and other Difeafes of the Bowels ; alfo in feveral Diflempers of the Head, as the Falling Sicknefs, Megrims, Palfies, Lethargies: they are faid likewife to promote the monthly Inundations of Women, and to deflroy the heat of an Eryfipelas, for which the Flowers themfelves are highly Celebrated by Simon Pauli, who experimented them upon himfelf with wonderful fuccefs. I could produce feveral cafes out of the beft Phyfical Writers, as Forejlus, Riverius, Ru- landus,&c. where thefe Berries have acted their parts, even to admiration; but if you are curious, and inqui- fitive after the qualities and nature of them, I will re- commend a Learned German, Martyn Blochwitz, to your reading, where you may entertain your felf with great variety: Yet I have one thing ftill to give notice of, that the fame Medicine maybe prepar’d out of the Spi- rit, Oyk and Salt of this Berry, as you have been Job. Bauhin, Biftor.Plantar* Ray Catalog* Plantar, Schroder. Pharmacop, Evelyn of For— reft-TrceSi p. 99. Simon Pauli quadripartit. Botanic, 140. Dr. Anatom, of the Elder, TfceM/eo/JUNIPER taught before to make out of the Juniper-Berry, but you may obtain them all in a fimple DecoCtion, if it be well manag’d. You have read here the great ufe of thefe two Ber- ries, that are more universally agreeable to all tempers* palates and cales, than perhaps any other two fimple Medicines, which are commonly known amongfl us; fo that feveral Perlbns being under ill habits of Body, and upon the Frontiers of fome lingring Difeafes, can- not but defire to drink them, when they have occafion to refort to Publick-Houfes: yet for all this, my poor advice will certainly meet with that Fate, which does attend almoft every thing in the World, that is, Lau- datur ah hisf culpatur ah idis; but it dreads moft of all the Turkey, and Eaft-India Merchant, who will condemn it in defence of their Coffee, and Thee, which have the honour of coming from the Levant, and China. Befides, I am afraid of a laih, or a frown from fome young La- dies, and little Sparks, who fcorn to eat, drink, or wear any thing, that comes not from France, or the In- dies; they fancy poor England is not capable of bring- ing forth any commodity, that can be agreeable to their Grandeur, and Gallantry, as though Nature, and God Almighty, had curs’d this Ifland with the Production ©f fuch things, as are every way unfuitable to the Com- plexions, and Neceflities of the Inhabitants: fo we can- not but Repartee upon thefe A la mode Perfons, that while they Worlhip fo much only Foreign Creatures, they cannot but be wholly ignorant of thofe at home. His Excellency, the moft Acute and Ingenious Ambafta- dor from the Emperor of Fez, and Morocco, (who now refides amongfl; us) is reported to have advis’d his At- tendants to fee every thing, but admire nothing,left they Ihould feem thereby to difparage their own Country,and ftiew themfelves ignorant of the great Rarities and Won- ders of Barhary, and ELDER-BERRIES. Poor contemptible Berries, fly hence to Smyrna, Ban- tam, or Mexico, then the Merchants would work through Storms and Tempefts, through Fire and Water to purchafe you, and at your Arrival here would pro- claim your Vertues in all publick Aflemblies; fo true is that common faying, A Prophet ismever valued in his own Country: The Englifh Soyl is certainly influenced by fome Pellilential Star, that blafts the credit of its Productions. The WAY of Making MUM, WITH SOME REMARKS UPON THAT LIQUOR. IN the firfl place, I will give feme inflruclions how to make Mum, as it is Recorded in the Houfe of Brimfwick, and was font from thence to General Monk. To make a Vefiel of 63 Gallons, the Water mufl be firft Boy I’d to the Confumption of a third part Jet it then beßrew’d according to Art with 7Bulhelsof Wheat-Malt, one Bulhel of Oat-Malt, and one Bulhel of Ground Beans, and when it is Tun'd, let not the Hoglhead be top much fill’d at firft; when it begins to work, put to it of the inner Rind of the Firr three pounds, of the tops of Firr, and Birch,of each one pound,of Cardmis Benedi- Flm dried, three handfuls. Flowers of Rofa Solis, two Qfymaksupon MUM, handfuls , of Burnet, Betony, Marjoram, Avens, Penny- royal, Flowers of Elder, Wild Thyme, of each one hand- ful and a half. Seeds of Cardamum bruifed, three ounces. Bay berries bruifed, one ounce, put the Seeds into the Vefiel; when the Liquor hath wrought a while with the Herbs, and after they are added, let the Liquor work over the Vefiel as little as may be, fill it up at lafl, and when it is flopped, put into the Hoglhead ten new laid Eggs, the Shells not cracked, or broken: flop all clofe, and drink it at two years old, if carried by Water it is better. Dr. FEgtdius Hoffman added Water Creffes, Brooklime, and Wild Parjley, of each fix handfuls, with fix handfuls of Horfe Rhadijh rafped in every Hoglh ead: it was obferv’d that the Horfe Rhadijh made the Mum drink more quick than that which had none. By the compofition of Mum we may guefs at the qua- lities, and properties of it, you find great quantities of the Rind, and tops of Firr in it; therefore if the Mum- makers at London are fo careful, and honefl, as to pre- pare this Liquor after the Brunfwick fafhion, which is the genuine and original way; it cannot but be very powerful againfl the breeding of Scones, and againfl all Scorbutick Diflempers. When the Suedes carried on a War againfl the Mufcovites, the Scurvy did fo domineer amongfl them, that their Army did languifh, and moul- der away to nothing, till once encamping near a great number of Firr Trees, they began to boyl the tops of them in their Drink, which recover’d the Army even to a miracle; from whence the Suedes call the Firr the Mollenbroc. it Arthritide vag. Scorbutick Tree at this very day. Our moil renowned Dr Walter Needham has obfcrv’d the great fuccefs of thefe tops of Firr in the Scurvy, as Mr. Kay informs us; which is no great wonder, if we confider the Balfam, or Turpentine, ( with which this Tree abounds ) which proves fo effedual in prcfcrving even dead Bodies them- Ray catalog. VUnuu Remarks upon MUM. felves from putrefa&ion, and corruption; if my memo- ry does not deceive me, I have heard Mr .Boyle, (the ornament, and glory of our Fnglijh Nation) affirm, that the Oyl of Turpentine preferves Bodies from Putre- faction much better than the Spirit of Wine. The Firr being a principal ingredient of this Liquor, is fo Cele- brated by fome modem Writers, that it alone may be fufficicnt to advance the Mum trade amongd us. Simon Fauli (a Learned Dune) tells us the great exploits of the tops of this Tree in freeing a great man of Germany from an inveterate Scurvy; every Phyfician will in- form you, how proper they arcagaind thd breeding of Gravel, and Stones: but then we mull be fo exafb, as to pull thefe tops in their proper Seafoh, when they a- bound mod with Turpentine, and Balfamick parts, and then they may make the Mum a proper Liquor in Ge- norrheeas; beddes the Eggs may improve its faculty that way: yet I will not conceal what I think the Learned Dr. Merret affirms in his Obfervations upon Wines, that thofe Liquors, into which the Shavings of Firr are put, maybe apt to create pains in the Head; but dill it is to be confcfs’d, that the Firr cannot but contribute much Simon Pauli quadripart, £O- - p. 540. Dr Menus ob- iervacjons up- on Wines. to the vigor and prefervation of the Drink. By the variety of its Malt, and by the ground Beans we may conclude, that Mum is a very hearty and drengthning Liquor; fome Drink it much, becaufc it has no Hops, which they fancy do fpoil our Englijh Ales, and Beers, ufhering in Infedions; nay, Plagues amongd us. Thomas Bartholine exclaims fo fiercely a2ajnf|- j/ops, that he advifes us to mix any thing; with & r 7 i i i - , ° our Drink rather than them: he recommends Sage, Tamarisk, tops, of Pine, os Firr, in dead of Hops, the daily ufe of which in our Enghfh Liquors is faid to have keep one caufe, why the Stone is grown filch a common Difcafe amongd us Englijhmen: yet Captain Graunt in Barthollne dt Midicina-.Dx- m:um differ - tat. 7. Gr aunt's oh~ K'rvarions on the Bills of Mortality. Remarks upon M U M his curious Obfervations upon the Bills of Mortality* obferveS) that fewer are afflidfed with the Stone in this prefent Age, than there were in the Age before, though far more Mops have been us’d in this City of late than ever. As for Eggs in the Compofition of Mum they may contribute much to prevent its growing Tower, their (hells fweetning Vinegar, and destroying Acids, for which reafon they may be proper in reftoring Tome de- cay’d Liquors, if put whole into the Vc'flel. Dr. Stuhhs 111 Tome curious Obfervations made in his Voyage to Ja- maica, allures us, that Eggs put whole into the Veftel will preferve many Drinks even to admiration in long Voyages: the Shells, and Whites will be devour’d and loft, but the Yolks left untouched. oidenbmg’* Dr. Willis prelcribes Mum in feveral Chronical Di- \ (tempers, as Scurvies, Dropfies, and feme fort of Con-5 iumptions. The Germans, efpecially the Inhabitants of \ Saxony, have fo great a Veneration for this Liquor, that they fancy their Bodies can never decay, or pine away, as long as they are Lin’d, and Embalm’d with fo power- ful a preferver; and indeed, if we confider the frame, and complexions of the Germans in general, they may appear to be living Mummies. But to conclude all in a few words, -if this Drink call’d Mum, be exactly made according to the foregoing indrudtions, it mud needs be a moil: excellent alterative Medicine, the ingredients of it being very rare and choice fimples, there being fcarce any one Difeafe in Nature, againd which fome of them are not prevalent, as Betony, Marjoram, Thyme. In Difeafes of the Head; Birch, Burnet, Water-Crejfes, Brooklime, Horfe-Rhadijh in the mod inveterate Scur- vies, Gravels, Coughs, Confumptions, and all obdru- dHohs. Avens, and Cardamom Seeds for cold weak Sto- machs. Car duns Bene dictus, and Elder Flowers in inter Dr, Wiliis dt Scorhuto. Phar~ maceut. Rath- ml. p. 2. fymarh upon MUM. mittent Feavers. Bayherries and Penny-Royal, in Di- flempers attributed to the Womb. But it is to be fear'd, that feveral of our are not fb honed, and cu- rious, as to prepare their Mum faithfully, and truly; if they do, they are fo happy as to furnifh, and flock their Country with one of the mofl ufeful Liquors under the Sun, it being fo proper, and effectual in ieveral lingring Diflempers, where there is a depravation, and weaknefs of the Blood and Bowels. There dill remains behind aflrong, and general obje- ction, that may perhaps fall upon this little putw Pamph- let, and crulh it all to pieces, that is, the Hidories are too fhort, and imperfectto which I have only this to anfwcr, Ars longa, vita hrevis, a perfect Natural Hido- ry of the lead thing in World, cannot be the Work of one Man, or fcarceone Age, for it requires the Heads, Hands, Studies, and Obfervations of many, well Cora* par’d and Digeflcci together: therefore this is rather an EBay, or Topick, for men to reafon upon, when they meet together at Publick-Houfes, and to encourage them to follow the example of Adam, who being in the (late of Innocence did contemplate of all the Creatures that were round about him in Paradife, but after the Fall, and the Building of a City, thePhilofopher turn'd Politician, Poftfcript. Liquors and Drinks are of fuch general ufe, and efteem in all the habitable parts of the World, that a word or two concerning them cannot be improper, or unwelcom. Firfl the Saps and Juices of Trees will afford many pleafant and ufeful Liquors. The Africans and Indians prepare their famous Palm Wine (which they call Sura, or Toddy) out of thefap of the wounded Palm Tree, as we do our Birch Wine in England out of the tears of the pierced Birch Tree, which is celebrated in the Stone and Scurvy. So the Sycamore and Walnut being wounded will weep out their Juices, which may be fer- mented into Liquors: In the Molucca's the Inhabitants extraft a Wine out of a Tree called Laudan, Helwnt de Li- ty^ piLtar. vhnm Bri* unmem. Fruits and Berries yield many noble and neceffary Liquors; every Nation abounds with various Drinks by the diverfity of their Fruits and Vegetables. England with Sider, Perry, Cherry, Currant, Goofeherry, Rajber- ry, Mulberry9 Blackberry, and Strawberry Wine. France, Spain, Italy, Hungary and Germany, produce great vari- ety of Wines from the different fpecies,, and natures of their Grapes and Soils. In Jamaica and Brazil they make a very delicious Wine out of a Fruit called Ananas, which is like a Pine Apple, not inferiour to Mahafia Wine. The Chinefes make curious Drinks out of their Fruits; fo do the Brazilians, and Southern Americans; as from their Coco, Acajou, Facobi,. theirZfnni> or Mur- Vinttum Bn* tannicm. vifo mm. HWor'ln(i*a POSTSCRIPT. tillds. We may note here, that all the Juices of Herbs, Fruits, Seeds, and Roots will work, and ferment them- feives into intoxicating Liquors, out of which Spirits, and Brandies may be extracted, moil Nations under the Sun has their drunken Liquors and Compounds; the Turk his Maflack, the Perjians their Bangue, the Indians their Fulo, their Rum, their Arak, and Punch. The Ara- bians, Turks,Chinefes, Tartars, and other Eaftern Coun- tries do make inebriating Liquors out of their Corn, and Rice: fome rather than not be Drunk will fwallow Opium, Dutroy, and Tobacco, or fome other intoxicating thing, fo great an inclination has Mankind to be exalted, PH*) complains, that Drunkennefs was the Rudy of his time, and that the Romans and Parthians contended for Dr. Mmidy de potnientis. piinii Mat. Hi- the glory of exceffivc Wine Drinking. Hißorians tell us of one Ft we Him lor quatus, that went through ail the honourable degrees of Dignity in Rome, wherein the greateft Glory, and Honour he obtain’d, was for the Drinking, in the prefence of Tilerius, three Gallons of Wine at one Draught, before ever he drew his breath, and without being any ways concern’d- At hen rms fays, that Melanthius wifli a his own Neck as long as a Crane’s, that he might be the longer a taßing the pleafure of Drinks ; yet what he reports of Lafyrtes is wonderful, that he never drank any thing, yet no'twithftanding Urin’d as others do. The fame famous Author takes no- rice, that the great Drinkers us’d to eat Coleworts to pre- yeflt; Drunkennefs, neither are fome men of our days much inferiour to thofe celebrated Antients. The Ger- Athenseus. Weekly Me- morial. n. 14. mans commonly Drink, whole Tankards, and Ell Glaßes at a Draught, adoring him that Drinks fairly, and moR, and hating him that will not pledg them. The Dutch Men will falute their Gueßs with a Pail, a Difh, making Hog (heads of their Kellies. The Polander thinks him the braved fellow, that Drinks moR Healths, and car- POSTSCRIPT. ties his Liquor bed, being of opinion, that there is as much Valour in Drinking, as Fighting. The Ruffians, Suedes, and Danes, have fo naturaliz’d Brandy, Aqua Pi- tre, Beer, Him, &c. that they ufually Drink ouiEnglifh Men to Death, fo that the moll ingenious Author of the Fine turn Brltannkum concludes, that temperance (rela- tively fpeaking) is the Cardinal Vertue of the Englijh. It is very wonderful what Mr. Ligony and other Ame- rican Travelers relates of the Caffava Root, how out of it, the Americans do generally make their Bread, and common Drink, called Parranoiv; yet that Root is known to be a great Poyfon if taken raw; their Drink call’d Molly is made of Potatoe*s. But we will conclude all with Virgil, who fpeaking of the many Liquors in his time, lays, Sed neque quam mult re fpecies, necnomina qu& Junt eft Numerus. Ligon s Hiflo- ry of Barbados« FI S’ A Help to Englijh Hiftory, containing a Succdlion of all the Kings of England, the Englijh Saxons, and the Britains; the Kings and Princes of Wales, the Kings and Lords of Man, the Ifle of Wight: As alfo of all the Dukes, Marqueffes, Earls and Bilhops there- of; With the Defcription of the places from whence they had their Titles; Together with the Names, and Ranks of the Vifcounts, Barons and Baronets of England. By P» Heylyny D. D. Monument a Weftmonafterienjia: Or an Hiflorical Ac- count of the Original Increafe, and Prefent State of St. Peters, or the AbbyGhurch ofWellminjier. With all the Epitaphs, Infcriptions, Coats of Arms, and At- chievmentsof Honour belonging to the Tombs and Grave-Rones: Together with the Monuments them- felves faithfully deferibed and fee forth. By //. K. of the Inner Temple, Gent.