CHARTER OE THE SOCIETY y v or ($ % THE NEW-YORI HOSPITAL, AND THE / LAWS RELATING THERETO, WITH THE BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE INSTITUTION, AND THOSE OF THE BLOOMINGDALE ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE. NEW-YOEK: DANIEL FAN3IIAW, PKINTEK, 35 ANN-STREET. 1856. THE CHARTER. [The passages printed in italics have been repealed or altered by subsequent acts of the Legislature, which are reprinted after this Charter.] George the Third, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, and so forth. To all to whom these Presents shall come, Greeting: Whereas our loving subjects, Peter Middleton, John Jones, and Samuel Bard, of our city of New- York, physicians, by their humble petition presented unto our trusty and well-beloved Cadwallader Col- den, Esq., our Lieutenant-Governor, and then our com- mander-in-chief, of our province of New-York, and the territories depending thereon in America, and read in our council for our said province, on the ninth day of March, which was in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy, did, among other things, in substance, set forth, that there had been a subscription set on foot by them, for the purpose of erecting a public Hospital in our said city of New-York, and that sundry public-spirited persons, influenced by principles of be- nevolence, had liberally subscribed towards the same; that from the manifest utility of such an infirmary the petitioners hoped for further contributions, and that some very considerable donations had been then al- ready promised, in case the success of the Institution should be rendered probable; but that the said moneys could not be conveniently collected, or the design pro- secuted with vigor, unless a corporation should be formed for that purpose; and therefore the petitioners humbly prayed our Letters Patent, forming a corpora- tion for the purposes aforesaid: now we, taking into our royal consideration the beneficial tendency of such an Institution within our said city, calculated for re- lieving the diseases of the indigent, and preserving the lives of many useful members of the community, are graciously pleased to grant the said humble re- quest of our said loving subjects: know ye, therefore, that we, of our special grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, have willed, given, granted, ordained, Petition of Doc- tors Middleton, J ones, and Bard, for a charter for an Hospital re- cited. Which, in con- sideration of its beneficial ten- dency is grant- ed. 4 THE CHARTER OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. constituted, and appointed, and by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, do will, give, grant, ordain, constitute, and appoint, that the Mayor, Re- corder, Aldermen, and Assistants of our city of New- York, in America, now and for the time being; the Rector of Trinity Church in our said city, now and for the time being; the President of King’s College in our said city, now and for the time being; the Senior Minister of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in our said city, now and for the time being; the Min- ister of the ancient Lutheran Church in our said city, now and for the time being; the Minister of the French Church in our said city, now and for the time being; the Senior Minister of the Presbyterian Church in our said city, now and for the time being; the Min- ister of the Moravian Church in our said city, now and for the time being; the Minister of the German Reformed Calvinist Church in our said city, now and for the time being; the Minister of the New Lutheran Church in our said city, now and for the time being; the Minister of the Anabaptist Congregation in our said city, now and for the time being; the Minister of the Scotch Presbyterian Church in our said city, now and for the time being; and Sir William Johnson, Baronet; John Fothergill, of our city of London, in our kingdom of Great Britain, physician; Daniel Hors- mandel, John Watts, Oliver De Lancey, Charles Ward Apthorp, Roger Morris, William Smith, Hugh Wal- lace, Henry White, Robert R. Livingston, Andrew Elliot, Archibald Kennedy, Abm. Mortier, Philip Liv- ingston, Wm. Axtel, Jas. Duane, John Morin Scott, Leonard Lispenard, Simon Johnson, Thos. Smith, Wm. Bayard, Walter Rutherford, Alex. Colden, John Yan Cortland, Augustus Yan Cortland, Wm. Livingston, Abraham Mesier, Richard Morris, John Bogert, and John Moore, all of our said city of New-York, esquires; Abraham Lott, esquire, treasurer of our said province; Peter Yan Brugli Livingston, David Clarkson, Walter Franklin, Gerard William Beekman, William M’Adam, George Bowne, Nathaniel Marston, Lawrence Kort- right, George Folliott, David Provoost, Cornelius Clopper, John Myer, David Yan Horne, Thomas White, Charles M’Evers, Isaac Low, John Beekman, Richard Sharpe, Thomas Pearsall, Joshua Delaplane, Samuel Bowne, Isaac Sears, Samuel Broome, John Thurnam, Jacob Watson, Lewis Pintard, Gerardus Duyckinck, James Beekman, Peter Goelet, William Ludlow, Ni- cholas Stuyvesant, John Harris Cruger, John Weather- Members of the Corporation named. THE CHARTER OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 5 head, Theophilact Bache, Samuel Yerplanck, John Crook, Grove Bend, John Alsop, Caspar Wistar, Isaac Rosevelt, Evert Banker, Gerardus He Peyster, Henry Rutgers the younger, Henry Haydock, Gabriel H. Ludlow, Isaac Corsa, Thomas Buchanan, Andrew Barclay, John Livingston, Augustus Van Horne, Joseph Hallett, Peter Kettletas, Jacob Le Roy, and Abraham Duryee, all of our said city of New-York, merchants; William Brownejohn, of our said city of New-York, druggist; John Leake, of our said city ofNew-York, mariner; George Harrison, of our said city of New-York, brewer; Walter Hu Bois, and Ni- cholas Jones, both of our said city ofNew-York, gentle- men; and Francis Bassett, of our said city of New- York, pewterer; and such other persons as shall be elected and admitted hereafter members of the corpo- ration hereby erected, be and for ever hereafter shall be, by virtue of these presents, one body corporate and politic, in deed, fact, and name, by the name, style, and title of * “ The Society of the Hospital in the city of New- York in Americaand them and their successors, and by the same name, we do by these presents, really and fully make, erect, create, constitute, and declare one body politic and corporate, in deed, fact, and name, for ever; and will give, grant, and ordain, that they and their successors, the Society of the Hospital in the city of New-York in America, by the same name, shall and may have perpetual succession; and shall and may, by the same name, be persons capable in the law to sue and be sued, implead and be impleaded, answer and be answered unto, defend and be defended, in all courts, and elsewhere, in all manner of actions, suits, complaints, pleas, causes, matters, and demands whal soever, as fully and amply as any other our liege subjects of our said province of New-York, may or can sue or be sued, implead or be impleaded, defend or be defended by any lawful ways or means whatso- ever. And that they and their successors, by the same name, shall for ever hereafter be persons capable and able in the law to purchase, take, hold, receive, and enjoy to them and their successors, any messuages, tenements, houses, and real estate whatsoever, ana all other hereditaments of whatsoever nature, kind, and quality they be, in fee simple, for term of life or And incorpo- rated. Style and Title. To have perpe- tual succession. Capable to sue and be sued. May hold es- tates, * See Act to alter the style and title of the Hospital of the city ofNew-York, and to amend the charter thereof, passed March 9th, 1810, sec. 1, p. 16. 6 THE CHARTER OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. lives, or in any other manner howsoever. And also, any goods, chattels, and personal estate whatsoever, Provided always, the clear yearly value of the said real estate doth not at any time exceed the .sum of ve thousand pounds sterling, lawful money of our kingdom of Great Britain, above all outgoings and reprises. And that they and their successors, by the same name, shall have full power and authority to give, grant, sell, lease, demise, and dispose of the same real estate and hereditaments whatsoever, for life or lives, or years or for ever. And also, all goods, chat- tels, and personal estate whatsoever, at their will and pleasure, as they shall judge to be most beneficial and advantageous to the good and charitable ends and purposes above mentioned; and that it shall and may be lawful for them and their successors, for ever, here- after, to have a common seal to serve for the causes and business of them and their successors, and the same seal to change, alter, break, and make new, from time to time, at their will and pleasure. And our royal will and pleasure is, that when our said corporation, hereby erected, shall have acquired, by the aid of the Legislature of our said province of New-York, by the generous donations of the benevolent or otherwise, a proper and convenient piece of ground in and near our °f New-York, and funds sufficient, with- out injuring the said charity, to admit of the erecting an Hospital for the reception and relief of sick and diseased persons, that the said society do erect within our said city of New-York, an Hospital for the said PurPoses; which we will shall for ever hereafter be called by the name of “The New-York Hospital.” And that it shall and may be lawful for our said corpora- tion, from time to time, and at all times hereafter, to erect for their use and convenience, any other house, houses, or buildings whatever. And for the better carrying into execution the purposes aforesaid, our r°yal will and pleasure is, and we do hereby for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant to the Society of the Hospital in the city of New-York, in America, and their successors for ever, that there shall be for- ever hereafter, belong’ing to our said corporation, twenty six Governors of the said Hospital and cor- poration, of whom there shall be taken and bad one President, and one Vice-President, and who shall conduct and manage the affairs and business of the said Hospital and corporation in manner as here- after is declared and appointed. And also that provided the come does not sterling & 5000 tion and soil estates, and have n seal, when ground maybtbuild than iiospitai, which shall be called the New- i ork Hospital, For the more ment'of the Ho- ciety, there shall tyWsbf Govern- ors> a President and \ice-President, THE CHARTER OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 7 there shall he for ever hereafter, one or more Trea- < surer or Treasurers, and one Secretary belonging to ; our said corporation. And for the more immediate carrying into execution our royal will and pleasure herein, we do hereby assign, constitute, and ap- point the aforesaid John Watts, Oliver De Lancy, Charles Ward Apthorp, Roger Morris, William Smith, Hugh Wallace, Henry White, Robert R. Livingston, Whitehead Hicks, Mayor of our said city of New-York, Andrew Elliot, Archibald Kennedy, Peter Van Brugh Livingston, David Clarkson, Abraham Mortier, Abra- ham Lott, Walter Franklin, Leonard Lispenard, Gerar- dus William Beekman, Philip Livingston, William M’Adam, George Bowne, William Axtell, Dr. JohnFo- thergill, Nathaniel Marston, Lawrence Kortright, and George Folliott, to be the present Governors of the said Hospital and corporation ; the aforesaid John Watts to be the present President; and the aforesaid Andrew Elliot to be the present Vice-President; the aforesaid Peter Yan Brugh Livingston, to be the pre- sent Treasurer; and the aforesaid John Moore, to be the present Secretary of our corporation hereby erect- ed. Which said Governors, President, Vice-President, Treasurer, and Secretary, shall hold, possess, and en- joy their said respective offices until the third Tuesday in May, now next ensuing. And for the keeping up the succession in the said offices, our royal will and pleasure is, and we do hereby for us, our heirs and successors, establish, direct, and require of and give and grant to the said Society of the Hospital in the city of New-York in America, and their successors for ever, that on the said third Tuesday in May now next ensuing, and yearly, and every year, for ever thereafter on the third Tuesday in May in every year, they and their successors shall meet at the said Hospital, or at some other convenient place in our said city of New- York, to be fixed and ascertained by some of the By- Laws or regulations of our said corporation, and there, by the majority of such of them as shall so meet, shall by ballot, or in such other manner and form as shall be directed and established by any [of] the By- Laws or regulations of our said corporation, elect and choose twenty-six of their members, to be Governors of our said corporation and Hospital for the ensuing year:* and also out of the said Governors so elected and a Treasurer or Treasurers, and Secretary. First Govern- ors of the corpo- ration named. President and Vice - President, Treasurer and Secretary nam- ed, who are to remain in office until the third Tuesday in May, 1772. And for keep- ing up a succes- sion, the Society is to meet for the election of new officers, the 3d Tuesday in May annually to elect by bal- lot or otherwise twenty-six Gov- ernors, and out of the Governors cho- * See Act to alter the style and title of the Society of the Hos- pital and amend the charter thereof, passed March 9, 1810, sect, ii. p. 16. 8 THE CHARTER OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. sen to elect a President and Vice President for the ensuing year. And out of the Governors or members choose a Treasurer. • chosen, shall elect and choose as aforesaid, one President and : one Vice-President, of our said incorporation, for the ensu- : ing year. And also, shall then and there elect and choose, as : aforesaid, one or more of the said Governors or members at ' large, of our said corporation, to be Treasurer or Trea- surers of our said corporation for the ensuing year, and another of the said members to be Secretary for the ensuing year. Which said Governors, and other the officers aforesaid, of our said corporation, so elected, shall immediately enter upon their respective offices, and hold, exercise, and enjoy the same respectively, from the time of such election for and during the space of one year, and until other fit persons shall be elected and chosen in their respective places, according to the laws and regulations aforesaid.* And in case any of the said persons by these presents nominated and appointed to the respective offices aforesaid, or who shall hereafter be elected and chosen thereto, respectively, shall die, or on any account be removed from such offices respectively, before the time of their respective appointed services shall be expired, or refuse or neglect to act in and execute the office for which he or they shall be so elected and chosen, or is or are herein nominated and appointed ; then our royal will and pleasure is, and we do hereby direct, ordain, and require our said corporation, to meet at the place for the time being appointed, for the said, annual elections, and choose other or others of the members of our said corporation, in the place and stead of him or them so dying, removed, refusing or neglecting to act, within thirty days next after such contingency ; and in this case, for the more due and orderly conducting such elections, and to pre- vent any undue proceedings therein, we do hereby give full power and authority to, and ordain and require, that upon every vacancy in the office of President, the Vice-President, and any five of the Governors of our said corporation and Hospital, for the time being ; and upon every vacancy in the office of Vice-President, Governor, and in any other of the offices aforesaid, the President, and any five of the said Go- vernors for the time being, shall appoint the time for such election and elections, and cause public notice thereof to be given, by publishing the same in one or more of the public newspapers printed in this colony, at least seven days before the day appointed for such election ; or in case it shall so hap- pen that at any time or times hereafter, there be no such news- papers printed in this colony, then by affixing up notices in writing, at the least seven days before the day appointed for such election, at two or more of the most public places in our And out of the members a Sec- retary. The new chosen Govern- ors and officers to enter imme- diately on their duty and remain hi office one year, or till others be chosen in their stead. In case of the death, removal, refusal or ne- glect of officers, others to be cho- aen in their stead within 30 days after such con- tingency. To prevent un- due practices in such elections, the President or Vice - President, with five of the governors, to give seven ‘ days* notice in the newspapers of the day and place appointed j for holding the , election, * See Act to amend the charter of the New-York Hospital, passed March 20th, 1828, p. 18. THE CHARTER OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 9 said city of New- York ; hereby giving and granting that such person and persons as shall be so chosen from time to time by the majority of such of the members of our said corpora- tion as shall in such case meet in manner hereby directed, by ballot, or in such other manner and form as shall be directed by any of the By-Laws or regulations of our said corpora- tion, shall have, hold, exercise, and enjoy such the office or offices to which he or they shall be so elected and chosen from the time of such election until the third Tuesday in May thence next ensuing, and until other or others be legally chosen in his or their place or stead, as fully and amply as the per- son or persons in whose place he or they shall be chosen, could or might have dove by virtue of these presents. And we do hereby will and direct, that this method shall for ever hereafter be used for filling up all vacancies in the said offices, between the annual elections above directed: provided nevertheless, that as well in the elections last mentioned, as in the annual elec- tions above-mentioned, no person shall be elected to the office of President or Vice-President, unless he then be a Governor of our said corporation and Hospital. And our will and pleasure is, and we do hereby for us, our heirs and successors, direct, ordain, and require, that every Pre- sident, Vice-President, Governor, Treasurer, and Sec- retary of our said corporation, to be elected by virtue of these presents, shall, before they act in their re- spective offices, take an oath, (or if any of them shall be of the people called Quakers, or Unitas Fratrum,) an affirmation to be to them administered by the Pre- sident or Vice-President of our said corporation for the time being, or of the preceding year, (who are hereby severally authorized to administer the same,) for the faithful and due execution of their respective offices, during their continuance in the same respect- ively. And further, our royal will and pleasure is, and we do hereby for us, our heirs and successors, or- dain and appoint, and give and grant to the Society of the Hospital, in the city of New-York, in America, that the President of the said corporation for the time being, and in case of a vacancy in the said office of President, or in case of his sickness or absence, the Vice-President of our said corporation shall, and may from time to time, as occasion may require, summon, and call together, at such days and places within our said city of New-York as they shall respectively think proper, the Governors of the said corporation and Hos- pital for the time being, giving them at the least one day’s notice thereof; and we do hereby require them to meet accordingly, and give, grant, and ordain, that and the persons then chosen to hold their offices from the time of election until the third Tuesday in May then next follow- ing. Which method of election for filling up vacan- cies to be always practiced. But no person shall at such elec- tions, or at the annual elections, be chosen Presi- dent orVice-Pre- sident, unless he be a Governor. Governors and officers to take an oath or affir- mation for faith- ful performance of duties. The President, or in his absence the Vice - Presi- dent, may summon the Governors to meet, giving at least one day’s notice. 10 THE CHARTER OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. erno”°o?whom the Prefjdent°or vicePresident to be always one, shall make a quo- rum’ any seven or more °f the said Governors of our said corporation, being so convened together, of whom the President of our said corporation for the time being, . „ A . , f’ or in case of a vacancy m the said office, or the sick- ness or absence of the said President, the Vice-Presi- dent for the time being, shall always be one, shall for ever hereafter be a legal meeting of the said corpora- tion; and they, or the major part of them so met, shall have full power and authority to adjourn from day to day, or for any other time, as the business of our said corporation may require; and to do, execute, transact, manage, and perform, in the name of our said corpo- ration, all and every act and acts, thing and things whatsoever, which our said corporation are or shall, by virtue of these our Letters Patent, be authorized transact, manage, and perform, in as full and ample manner as if all and every the Governors and members of the said corporation were present, and consenting thereto: saving and except always the electing °f Governors, and other the offices above-mentioned of our said corporation : and also, saving and except the giv- hig, granting, selling, or otherwise aliening any of the estate, real or personal, of our said corporation: and the leasing, demising, or disposing of any of the Lands, Tenements, Hereditaments, real or mixed estate of our said corporation, for any longer term or time than one yearl our r°yal will and pleasure being that none of the estate, real, personal, or mixed, of our said corpo- ration, be sold, or in any wise aliened, but by and with the concurrence and approbation of the majority of the whole number of the Governors of our said corpo- ration for the time being, first obtained at some legal meeting of our said corporation; and, that none of the real or mixed estate of our said corporation be leased, demised, or in any wise disposed of for any longer term than one year, without the like concurrence and approbation of the majority of the whole number of tfie Governors of our said corporation for the time be- ing, first obtained as aforesaid. And further, we do hereby for us, our heirs and successors, ordain and ap- point, and give and grant to the Society of the Hos- pital in the city of New-York, in America, that at any and every such legal meeting of any seven or more of the Governors of our said corporation, of whom the President of our said corporation, for the time be- ing, or in case of a vacancy in the said office, or the sickness or absence of the said President, the Vice- President, for the time being, shall always be one, it have power to adjourn, busino™8"13/ the corporation, except choosing other Office '* and except gran- ting lands, &c. than oneyear, None of the es- tate of the corpo- posed of consent of the ors- The Governors in legal meeting THE CHARTER OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 11 shall and may he lawful for them, in writing" under the common seal of our said corporation, to make, frame, constitute, establish, and ordain, from time to time, and at all times hereafter, such laws, constitu- tions, ordinances, regulations, and statutes, for the bet- ter government of the officers, members, and servants of the said corporation, and of the patients from time to time admitted into the said Hospital; for fixing and as- certaining the places of meeting of our said corporation, on the days and times of the elections above mention- ed; and for regulating the mode and manner of making- such and all other the elections in our said corpora- tion; the management and disposition of the funds and charities, and all other the business and affairs whatever of our said corporation, as they, or the major part of them, so legally met, shall judge best for the general good of the said corporation, and profitable for the more effectual promoting the charitable and beneficial designs of the said corporation: and the same, or any of them, to alter, amend, or repeal, from time to time, as they, or a major part of them so met as aforesaid, shall judge most conducive to the benefit of the said charity; provided such laws, constitutions, regulations, ordinances, and statutes, be not repug- nant to the laws of that part of our kingdom of Great Britain called England, nor of this our province of New-York.—And wre do further will and grant, that the said Governors of the said corporation for the time being, or any seven or more of them so legally met and convened as aforesaid, of whom the President, or Yice-President for the time being shall always be one, as aforesaid, shall have the full and sole power and authority for ever hereafter, by the majority of their voices, from time to time, to elect, nominate, and appoint such and so many physicians and surgeons as they shall judge necessary to attend the said Hos- pital, and the sick and diseased patients from time to time admitted to the benefits of the said charity; and to appoint the physicians and surgeons so elected, their respective powers, authorities, business, trusts, and attendances; and also to appoint an apothecary, a steward, and matron, of and for the said Hospital; and from time to time to appoint them, the said apothe- cary, steward, and matron, and each of them, their respective powers, authorities, business, trusts, and attendances; and to displace and discharge the apothe- cary, steward, and matron from the service of the said Hospital, and to nominate and appoint other or others under the seal of the corporation, make by-laws for the good govern- ment thereof; of its members, officers, and ser- vants, and of the patients to be ad- mitted. The places and mode of election. The manage- ment and dispo- sition of the funds and char- ities, and all other business, for the good of the corporation, and the same a- gain repeal and amend. Such by-laws not to be repug- nant to the laws of England or this colony. The Governors to appoint the number of phy- sicians and sur- geons to attend the patients ; also an apothe- cary, a steward, and matron; and again dis- place and ap- point others in their stead. 12 THE CHARTER OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. in their places and stead. And we do further, of our especial grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, for us, our heirs and successors, grant and ordain, that when, and as often as any President, Vice-Presi- dent, Governor, Treasurer, Secretary, Physician, or Surgepn of the said corporation, shall become unfit or ■ incapable to execute their said offices, respectively, or shall misdemean themselves in their said offices, respectively, contrary to any of the by-laws or regula- tions of our said corporation, or refuse or neglect the execution thereof, and thereupon a complaint or charge in writing shall be exhibited against him or them, by any member of our said corporation, at any legal meeting of the Governors of our said corporation and Hospital, as aforesaid, that it shall and may be lawful for the President or Vice-President and Governors, or the major part of them, then met, or at any other legal meeting of our said corporation from time to time, and upon examination and due proof, to suspend or discharge such President, Vice-President, Governor, Treasurer, Secretary, Physician, or Surgeon, from their offices respectively, although the yearly or other time for their respective services shall not be expired; any thing before in these presents contained to the con- trary thereof in any wise notwithstanding; provided always, that no President, Vice-President, Governor, Physician, or Surgeon, shall be suspended or dis- charged at any meeting, without the concurrence and approbation of the majority of the whole number of the Governors of the said corporation, nor without having a copy of the complaint or charge against him, at least six days before such examination; and an op- portunity to be fully heard in his defence. And for the keeping up and preserving, for ever hereafter, a succession of members of the said corporation, our will and pleasure is, and we do hereby for us, our heirs and successors, ordain, give, and grant, to “The Society of the Hospital in the city of New-York, in America,” and their successors for ever, that it shall and may be lawful at all time and times hereafter, for ever, for any seven or more of the Governors of our said corporation, for the time being, of whom we will the President, or, in case of his absence, sickness, or a vacancy in the said office of President, the Vice- President of the said corporation, shall always be one, being convened and met together, as aforesaid, so as to be a legal meeting of our said corporation, as above mentioned, to elect and choose by the majority of their The President, Vice - President, Govern or,Treas- urer, Secretary, Physician,orSur- geon,incapable of serving, or mis- demeaning him- self, may, upon com- plaint, examina- tion, and due proof, be sus- pended by a majority of Governors. The Governors in legal meeting may, by major- ity of voices, choose new members, THE CHARTER OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 13 voices, and in such manner and form, and upon such terms and conditions as shall be directed, ordained, and established for that purpose by any the said by- laws, statutes, constitutions, or ordinances of the said corporation, and admit under the common seal of our said corporation, such and so many persons to be members of the said corporation, as they shall think beneficial to the laudable designs of the said corpora- tion. Which persons, and every of them, so from time to time elected, chosen, and admitted, shall, by virtue thereof, and of these presents, be vested with all the powers, authorities, and privileges, which any mem- ber'of the said corporation is hereby invested with. And our will and pleasure further is, that the said Governors of the said corporation and Hospital, shall yearly and every year, give an account in writing of the several sums of money by them received and ex- pended, by virtue of these presents, or any authority hereby given; and of the management, application, and disposition of the revenues and charities afore- said, to the General Assembly of our said province, for the time being, or to such person or persons as the said General Assembly shall, from time to time, ap- point to receive and audit the same accounts, when they, the Governors of our said Hospital shall be thereunto required by the said General Assembly of our said province. And further, we do by these pre- sents, for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant unto the said Society of the Hospital, in the city of New-York in America, and their successors for ever, that this our present Charter shall be deemed, ad- judged, and construed in all cases, most favorably, and for the best benefit and advantage of our said corporation, and for the promoting the good end and designs of this charitable Institution; and that this our present grant, being entered on record, as is here- inafter expressed, shall be for ever hereafter good and effectual in the law, according to our royal intent and meaning herein before declared; and without any other license, grant, or confirmation from us, our heirs or successors, hereafter by the said corporation to be had or obtained, notwithstanding any mis-recitals, non-re- citals, not-naming, or mis-naming, or any of the afore- said offices, franchises, privileges, immunities, or other the premises, or any of them; and although no writ of ad quad Damnum or other writs, inquisitions, or pre- cepts, hath been upon this occasion had, made, issued or prosecuted; any statute, act, ordinance, or provision, and under their seal admit a3 many as they shall deem bene- ficial to the So- ciety. The Governors to render ac- counts to the General Assem- bly, of all their proceedings when thereunto required. The charter to be construed in favor of the So- ciety, and being en- tered on record, shall be effectual in law. 14 THE CHARTER OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. or other matter or thing to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding. In testimony whereof, we have caused these oiir Letters to be made Patent, and the great seal of our said province to be hereunto affixed, and the same to be entered of record, in our Secretary’s office for our said province of New-York, in one of the Books of Patents there remaining. Witness our right trusty and right well-beloved cousin John, Earl of Dunmore, our Captain-general and Governor-in-chief, in and over our said province of New-York, and the territories depending thereon in America, Chancellor and Vice-Admiral of the same, at our fort in our city of New-York, by and with the advice and consent of our council for our said province of New-York, the thirteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy-one, and of our reign the eleventh. ACTS OF THE LEGISLATURE. AN ACT for the better and more permanent support of the Hospital in the city of New-York. Passed March 14th, 1806. Whereas it has become necessary, on account of the increasing number of patients in the Hospital in the city of New-York, to enlarge the same, by erecting additions thereto, for the more con- venient accommodation of the sick and disabled, and particularly, to provide suitable apartments for the maniacs, adapted to the various forms and degrees of insanity: And whereas, the said Hos- pital is an Institution of great public utility and humanity, as well as the general interests of the State requires that fit and adequate provision should be made for the support of such an infirmary for sick and insane persons: Therefore, the better to enable the Gov- ernors of the said Hospital, by means of a permanent fund, to maintain and improve the said Hospital,—• I. Be it enacted by the people of the State of New-York, represented in Senate and Assembly, That the Treasurer of this State shall every year hereafter, until the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty- seven, upon the warrant of the Comptroller, pay to the Treasurer of the Society of the Hospital in the city of New-York, in Ame- rica, for the use of the said corporation, in quarter yearly payments, out of any moneys in the treasury of this State not otherwise ap- propriated, the annual sum of twelve thousand five hundred dollars; the first quarterly payment to be made on the first day of May next; which said annual.sum of twelve thousand five hundred dol- lars shall become chargeable upon the duties on sales at public auction or vendue in the said city of New-York. II. And be it further enacted, That the act entitled “An act to continue the provision for the public Hospital, in the city of New- York,” passed the 2d March, 1805, be and the same is hereby re- pealed. III. And be it further enacted, That the Governors of the said Hospital shall make an annual report of the state of that Institu- tion to the Legislature. 16 ACTS OF THE LEGISLATURE. AN ACT to alter the style and title of the Society of the Hospital in the city of New- York, in America, and to amend the Charter thereof. Passed March 9th, 1810. Whereas “ the Society of the Hospital in the city of New-York, in America,” by their petition under their common seal, have represented to the Legislature that doubt had arisen whether the election of members under a by-law of the said corporation, exist- ing for many years past, had been made in strict conformity with the Charter of the said Society, and that their franchises under the said Charter might thereby be rendered insecure, and have prayed that their said franchises may be confirmed to them and secured from the consequences of any mistake, or any future inaccuracy or misconstruction; and also that the Legislature would be pleased to change the name and style of the said corporation, and to amend their Charter in the manner hereinafter mentioned; therefore, I. Be it enacted by the people of the State of New-York, represented in Senate and Assembly, That the said corporation shall for ever hereafter be known and distinguished by the name and style of “The Society of the New-York Hospital;” and by that name shall continue and be a body corporate and politic, and sue and be sued, plead and be impleaded, answer and be answered unto, with- out any seizure or forejudger of their franchises, liberties, or privi- leges, or being thereof excluded or ousted, for or upon any pre- tence of any forfeiture or misdemeanor at any time heretofore done, committed, or suffered ; and the said corporation shall and may have and enjoy all their rights, grants, franchises, lands, tenements, hereditaments, and estates whatsoever, in like manner as if no misuser or other cause of forfeiture had heretofore occurred; and all the acts of said corporation shall be and hereby are confirmed and declared to be as valid to all intents and purposes as if no mis- user or other cause of forfeiture had happened or been committed. II. And be it further enacted, That hereafter the President, Yice- President, Treasurer, and Secretary of the said corporation, shall be elected by the Governors of the same, and not, as heretofore, by the members of the said corporation at large. AN ACT for the further support of the New-York Hospital. Passed 23d March, 1810. Be it enacted by the people of the State of New- York, represented in Senate and Assembly, That there shall he paid to the Treasurer of the New-York Hospital, for the time being, out of the moneys aris- ing from the duties on goods sold in the city of New-York, three thousand five hundred dollars per annum, for the space of ten years from the passing of this act, to be paid quarter yearly, in ACTS OF THE LEGISLATURE. 17 four equal payments, and the first quarter to be paid on the first day of August next, and quarterly thereafter, for and during the above term of ten years: Provided always, That at any time within the period aforesaid the Legislature may repeal this act. NOTE.—The above act was repealed by the 5th section of the act entitled, “ An act respecting navigable communications between the Great Western and Northern Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean,” passed April 15, 1817. AN ACT to enable the Society of the New-York Hospital to erect a new building for the accommodation of insane patients. Passed April 17, 1816. Whereas the Governors of the New-York Hospital have repre- sented to the Legislature, that the building heretofore erected for the accommodation of insane patients has, by reason of their in- creased number, become wholly inadequate for the purpose for which it is intended, that they are desirous of erecting another building for the said purpose, and have purchased a very eligible site for the same, but that the funds of the Institution being merely sufficient for its ordinary expenses, they are unable, without aid of the Legislature, to carry their intention into effect; And whereas there is no other Institution in the State in which such patients can be taken care of and relieved; And whereas humanity, and the interest of the State, require that fit provision should be made for the care and cure of insane persons: There- fore, Be it enacted by the people of the State of New- York, represented in Senate and Assembly, That during the period mentioned in the first section of the act entitled, “ An act for the better and more per- manent support of the Hospital in the city of New-York,” the Treasurer of this State shall pay to the Treasurer of the Society of the New-York Hospital, in quarter yearly payments, out of any moneys in the Treasury of this State not otherwise appropriated, the annual sum of ten thousand dollars, the first quarter yearly payment to be made on the first day of May next, which said an- nual sum shall be chargeable upon the duties on sales at public auction or vendue in the said city of New-York: Provided always, that all payments heretofore directed by law, to be made out of the aforesaid duties for the support of charitable institutions in the city of New-York, shall be made previous to the payment of the sum hereby granted to the said Society of the New-York Hospital. 18 ACTS OF THE LEGISLATURE. AN ACT to amend the Act Incorporating the Bank of Newburgh, and for other purposes. Passed 17th, April, 1822. Section IV.—And be it further enacted, That no real or personal property whatever, belonging to the Society of the New-York Hospital, shall be subject to be taxed by virtue of any law of this State. AN ACT to amend the Charter of the Society of the New- York Hospital. Passed 20th March, 1828. Be it enacted by the people of the State of New- York, represented in Senate and Assembly, That in the event of any vacancy happening in the Board of Governors of the New-York Hospital, either by death, resignation, or otherwise, such vacancy may be filled, until the next annual election, by the Board of Governors for the time being, anything in the Charter of “the Society of the New-York Hospital ” to the contrary notwithstanding. AN ACT to amend the Charter of the Society of the New- York Hospital. Passed March 1st, 1850, (three-fifths being present.) The people of the State of New- York, represented in Senate and As- sembly, do enact as follows : I. At any legal meeting of the Governors of the New-York Hospital, when neither the President nor the Vice-President shall attend, it shall be lawful for the said Governors to appoint one of their number to preside at such meeting. II. This act shall take effect immediately. ACTS OF THE LEGISLATURE. 19 REVISED STATUTES, PART II. CHAP. XX. TITLE III. [It has been thought expedient, for the use and information of the Asylum Committee, the Physician, Warden, and officers of the Asylum, and others who may be interested in the care and support of insane patients, to print in this place the several provisions of the Revised Statutes of New-York relating to the commitment, safe-keeping, and support of the insane. These are all the gene- ral provisions of law on that subject as now in force, as the Revised Statutes have from time to time been amended, w'th the exception only of the special legislation relating to the State Lunatic Asylum. ] Article First.—Of the safe keeping and care of Lunatics. Section 1.—Committees of a lunatic having property, to confine and maintain him. Section 2.—If he has not property, certain relatives to confine and support him. Section 3.—Powers of Overseer of Poor to compel relatives of lunatics to confine him, etc. Section 4.—Lunatics, how to he secured and where confined. Section 5.—Duty of Overseers to procure suitable place for confining lunatics. Section 6.—When lunatics maybe confined in jails; but not as disorderly persons. Section 1.—Not to be confined with criminals, nor more than four weeks in a jail. Section 8.—Two Justices may apprehend a lunatic without ap- plication of Overseers. Section 9.—Superintendents and Overseers may send lunatics to Asylum in New-York. Section 10.—Expense thereof, and of maintaining lunatic, how defrayed. Section 11.—Penalty for confining lunatics otherwise than as herein directed. Section 12.—Powers of Supreme Court respecting lunatics not to be affected by this title. Section 13.—Proceedings to compel committees of a lunatic to confine and support him. Section 14.—County Superintendents to have the same powers as Overseers. 20 ACTS OF THE LEGISLATURE. Section 1.—When any person, by lunacy or other- wise, becomes furiously mad, or so far disordered in his senses as to endanger his own person or the per- son or property of others, if permitted to go at large, who is possessed of sufficient property to maintain himself, it shall be the duty of the committee of his person and estate to provide a suitable place for the confinement of such person, and to confine and main- tain him in such manner as shall be approved by the Overseers of the Poor of the city or town. Section 2.—If such a person is not possessed of sufficient property to maintain himself, it shall be the duty of the father and mother, and the children of such person, being of sufficient ability, to provide a suitable place for his confinement, and to confine and maintain him in such manner as shall be approved by the Over- seers of the Poor of the city or town. 27 G Section 3.—The Overseers of the Poor shall have the same remedies to compel such relatives to confine and maintain such lunatic or mad person, and to col- lect the costs and charges of his confinement, as are given by law in the case of poor and impotent persons becoming chargeable to any town. 28 G Section 4.—In case of the refusal or neglect of any committee of such lunatic or mad person, or of his re- latives, to confine and maintain such person as afore- said, or when there is no such committee or relative of sufficient ability, it shall be the duty of the Over- seers of the Poor of the city or town where any lunatic or mad person shall be found, to apply to any two Justices of the Peace of the same city or town, who, upon being satisfied, upon examination, that it would be dangerous to permit such lunatic to go at large, shall issue their warrant, directed to the Constables and Overseers of the Poor of such city or town, com- manding them to cause such lunatic, or mad person, to be apprehended, and to be safely locked up and con- fined in such secure place as may be provided by the Overseers of the Poor to whom the same shall be directed, within the town or city of which such Over- seers may be officers, or within the county in which 27 Laws, 1827, p. 319, section 5.—28 id. G The provisions of these sections are modified by section 20, of chapter 135, of the laws of 1842, which requires that in every case of lunacy provided for in this article, the lunatic shall within ten days be sent to the State Lunatic Asylum, or to such private asylum as may be approved by a standing order of the Board of Supervisors of the county.—See post. Art. 2. § 19. Lunatics hav- ing pr operty, to be confined, etc. by their Com- mittees. Not having pro- perty, to be con- fined, etc. by cer- tain relatives. Duty, how en- forced. Lunatics, how secured. ACTS OF THE LEGISLATURE. 21 such city or town may be situated, or in the county poor-house in those counties where such houses are established, or in such private or public asylum as may be approved by any standing order or resolution of the Supervisors of the county in which such city or town may be situated, or in the Lunatic Asylum in the city of New-York. (As amended 1838; Ch. 218.) g Section 5.—It shall be the duty of the Overseers of the Poor to whom such warrant shall be directed, to procure a suitable place for the confinement of such lunatic, as therein directed, pursuant to the preced- ing section.29 Section 6.—No person who, by reason of lunacy or otherwise, is furiously mad, or so far disordered in his mind as to be dangerous if permitted to go at large, shall be committed as a disorderly person to any prison, jail, house of correction, or confined therein, unless an agreement shall have been made for that purpose with the keepers thereof; or in any other way than as is herein directed.30 Section *1.—No such lunatic or mad person, or per- son disordered in his senses, shall be confined in the same room with any person charged with or convicted of any crime ; nor shall such person be confined in any jail more than four weeks; and if he continue furiously mad or dangerous, he shall be sent to the Asylum in New-York, or to the county poor-house, or or other place provided for the reception of lunatics by the County Superintendents.31 Section 8.—Any two Justices of the Peace of the city or town where any such lunatic or mad person shall be found, may, without the application of any of the Overseers of the Poor, and upon their own view, or upon the information or oath of others, whenever they deem it necessary, issue their warrant for the apprehension and confinement of such lunatic or mad person, as aforesaid.32 Section 9.—The county Superintendents of the Poor of any county, and any Overseers of the Poor of any town to which any person shall be chargeable, who shall be or become a lunatic, may send such person to \ the Lunatic Asylum in the city of New-York, by an order under their hands. Section 10.—The expense of sending any lunatic to the Asylum at New-York, and of supporting him [ -Duty of Over- seers. How and When lunatics may be confined in jail In what man- ner, and for what time to be con- fined. Powers of two Justices in secur- ing lunatics. Lunatics may be sent to New- York Asylum. Expense there- of, and of luna- tics’ support. G See ante, p. 37.—29 Laws of 1827, p. 319, § 1.—30 Laws of 1827, p. 319, § 4.—31 Laws of 1827, p. 319, §§ 1 & 2.—331. R. L. 116. § 6. 22 ACTS OF THE LEGISLATURE. there, shall he defrayed by the county or town to which he may be chargeable. If chargeable to a county or to any town whose poor-moneys are required to be paid into the county treasury, such expense shall be paid by the county Treasurer out of the funds appropriated to the support of the poor belonging to such county or town, after being allowed and certified by the coun- ty Superintendents. If such lunatic be chargeable to a town whose poor-moneys are not required to be paid into the county treasury, such expense shall be paid by the Overseers of the Poor thereof. Section 11.—Any Overseer of the Poor, constable, keeper of a jail, or other person, who shall confine any such lunatic or mad person in any other manner or in any other place than such as are herein prescribed, shall be deemed a misdemeanor; and on con- viction, shall be liable to a fine not exceeding two hun- dred and fifty dollars, or to imprisonment not exceed- ing one year, or to both, in the discretion of the court before which the conviction shall be had. Section 12.—None of the foregoing provisions shall be deemed to restrain or abridge the power and authority of the Supreme Court concerning the safe keeping of any lunatics, or the charge of their persons or estates. Section 13.—The Overseers of the Poor of any city or town, shall have the same remedies to compel the committee of the estate of any lunatic to confine and maintain such lunatic or mad person, and to collect of such committee the costs and charges of his confine- ment and support, as are given in the preceding sec- tions against the relatives of such lunatic. And the Court of Sessions of the city or county shall make orders against such committee personally, and enforce them in the same manner as against the relatives of any poor person, so long as such commit- tee hath any property in his hands for the support of such lunatic. Section 14.—The county Superintendents of the P°or shall have all the powers and authority herein given to Overseers of the Poor of any town. Penalty for con- fining lunatics, etc. Powers of Chan- cery not to be alfected. Committee of a lunatic, how compelled to con- fine him, etc. Powers of Coun- ty Superintend- ents. BYLAWS AND REGULATIONS. Be it ordained by the Governors of the Society of the New-York Hospital, and it is hereby ordained by authority of the same, That the following rules and regulations be, and they are hereby established, as laws and ordinances of the said corporation; and that all other by-laws, rules, and regulations heretofore made, be, and the same are hereby repealed. CHAPTER I. OF THE ELECTION OF GOVERNORS AND OFFICERS. 1. On the third Tuesday in May, in each year, an election shall he held at the New-York Hospital, for twenty-six G-overnors of the Society of the New-York Hospital, at which election three Inspectors, (being members and not G-overnors,) to be appointed by the Governors, at the stated meetings immediately preced- ing the election, or such of them as may attend, shall preside. But in case neither of them should attend, then the members of the Society convened shall ap- point any two of their number to act as Inspectors, and preside at the said election. 24 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 2. The poll of the said election for Governors shall be opened at noon, and closed at any such time after two o’clock in the afternoon, as the Inspectors may determine; and every member of this corporation who shall vote at the said election, shall deliver to the In- spectors a ballot containing the names of not more than twenty-six persons, as Governors ; and the In- spectors shall deposit all the ballots so delivered to them in a box ; and shall insert the names of the per- sons so voting as aforesaid, in a poll-list, to be kept by them for that purpose. And so soon as the poll of the said election shall be closed, the Inspectors shall open and count the said ballots, and shall openly declare the names of the twenty-six persons who slmll be found to have been elected Governors by the greatest majority of all the votes given; and shall deliver a certificate thereof, under their hands, to the Secretary, to be by him laid before the Governors, at their next meeting. 3. In case the election of any of the said Govern- ors shall be declared void, such Governor shall be removed from the exercise of his office. And when- ever any Governor shall for any reason be removed, or shall die, or resign, or refuse, or neglect to act in and execute the office for which he was chosen, then the Governors, at their next monthly meeting, after it shall have been ascertained and recorded in their book of minutes that the office has become vacant, or as soon after that monthly meeting as may be convenient, shall elect by ballot another member of this corpora- tion to fill said vacancy ; but no person shall be thus elected unless by a majority of the whole number of Governors then in office. 4. At the first meeting of the Governors, which BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 25 shall be the day after every annual election, there shall be chosen by ballot, by a majority of all the Govern- ors, one President, one Vice-President, one Treasurer, and one Secretary. CHAPTER II. OF THE OATH OR AFFIRMATION TO BE TAKEN BY THE OFFICERS OF THIS CORPORATION. 1. The President and Vice-President for the time being, and the President and Vice-President of the preceding year, shall respectively have power to ad- minister to each of the officers mentioned in the next section, an oath or affirmation of the tenor following, viz : “ I do swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully and duly execute the office of * of the Society of the New-York Hospital, according to the best of my ability.” 2. Every President, Vice-President, Governor, Treasurer, and Secretary shall take the said oath or affirmation, before he act in his office. CHAPTER III. OF THE PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT. 1. The President may call a meeting of the Gov- ernors whenever he shall think necessary, and may appoint the time and place of such meeting, (provided the latter shall be in the city of New-York,) giving at least one day’s notice thereof. 26 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 2. The President shall preside at all meetings of the Governors, and shall preserve order therein ; he shall nominate all committees, except such as shall be chosen by ballot. 3. When the office of President shall he vacant, or when the President shall be absent, the Vice-Presi- dent shall succeed to all his rights and duties; and in case of the absence of both these officers, the Govern- ors present shall appoint one of their number to pre- side at such meeting. 4. The President and Vice-President shall visit the Hospital and the Bloomingdale Asylum at least once in every month, to inspect the general state of the Institution, and shall report their observations thereon to the next monthly meeting of the Governors. CHAPTER IV. OF THE GOVERNORS. 1. A monthly meeting of the Governors shall be held in the Governors’ room, at the Hospital, on the first Tuesday in every month, at half-past four o’clock in the afternoon ; and in case such Tuesday shall fall on the 1st January, or 4th July, the meeting shall be held on the day following. 2. Seven Governors, including the President or Vice-President, or chairman for the time being, shall be a quorum for transacting all business, except the election of officers, the alienating any of the real or personal estate of the corporation, or the leasing any of the real or mixed estate thereof for a longer term than one year, or for the suspending or discharging an officer, physician, or surgeon, for which purposes the BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 27 consent of a majority of all the Governors shall he necessary. 3. The Governors shall annually elect, by ballot, four physicians and six surgeons to the Hospital, and also a physician to have the sole care of the insane in the Bloomingdale Asylum, who shall receive com- missions under the seal of the corporation ; and every physician and surgeon, hereafter to be elected, shall hold his office until the first stated monthly meeting of the Governors, to be held after the next ensuing an- nual election, and until a new election shall be had. But no person shall be appointed physician or surgeon unless he shall have been nominated to that place at a previous monthly meeting. 4. If any officer, physician, or surgeon shall become unfit to execute his office, or shall inisdemean himself in his office, contrary to any of the by-laws of this cor- poration, or refuse or neglect to execute the same, the Visiting Committee, or any member of the corpora- tion, may exhibit against him a complaint in writing to the Governors, at a legal meeting ; and thereupon a notice of the said complaint shall be given to the per- son complained of, and a time shall be appointed (not less than six days after service of said notice) for the person complained of to make his defense before the Governors; and the Governors, having examined into the truth of the complaint, and heard the defense of the party accused, if any shall be made, may, with the concurrence and approbation of a majority of the whole number of Governors, upon such examination and due proof, suspend or discharge the officer, physi- cian, or surgeon, complained of as aforesaid. 5. At the monthly meeting in June, in each year, the Governors shall appoint a Superintendent or 28 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Steward, Matron, Assistant Superintendent, Chap- lam, Apothecary, Clerk, Librarian, and an Engineer for the Hospital, and Curator of the pathological cabi- net ; also a Warden and Matron for the Bloomingdale Asylum, who shall hold their offices during the plea- sure of the Governors ; a Committee of the Blooming- dale Asylum, and also a person or persons, to be cho- sen by ballot, to supply the Hospital with medicines. 6. There shall also he appointed at the same meet- ing a committee, to be denominated the Cabinet Com- mittee, to consist of one of the Governors, one physician, and one surgeon of the Hospital, whose duty it shall be to have the general care and superintendence of the cabinet, and of all surgical instruments and apparatus, and to report to the monthly meeting of the Governors, in January of each year, the general condition of the same, with an account of the expenses thereof re- spectively. 7. At the same monthly meeting of the Governors, a committee shall be appointed, to be denominated the Library Committee, to consist of three of the Governors, one physician, and one surgeon of the Hospital, whose duty it shall be to purchase books, to take the general care and superintendence of the library, and to report to the monthly meeting of the Governors in January, in each year, a statement of the amount received and expended on account of the library during the year. 8. At the same meeting there shall be appointed a committee, to be denominated the Committee on Heat and Ventilation, to consist of three Governors, who shall have the supervision and charge of all that belongs to the heating and ventilation of all the wards and other apartments, and the supply of hot and cold water thereto; they shall have charge of the steam BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 29 machinery and apparatus, of the proper adjustment of all the registers and fixtures, so as to insure the constant and regular heat and ventilation of the wards and other apartments; also, of the cold air shafts and air chambers, in order that they may be kept perfectly clean and in good condition, and admit a full supply of wholesome air ; also, of the machinery for the laundry rooms and cooking apparatus, and of that which fur- nishes hot and cold water for the water-closets, baths, and for other uses. They shall also purchase all the fuel for the Hospital. It shall he the duty of the com- mittee to nominate to the Board for appointment, a suitable person for engineer. In case of necessity, they shall have power to appoint an assistant to the engineer, at such wages as they may deem reasonable, and to suspend any person so employed, for misconduct or neglect of duty, and temporarily to supply the vacancy till the pleasure of the Board can be known. They shall keep a book of minutes, and enter therein their proceedings relative to all the objects of their appoint- ment, which book shall be laid before the Governors at every monthly meeting. 9. There shall be a Visiting Committee, to consist of three Governors, to serve three months, one of them to be appointed at each monthly meeting, in place of the one whose term of service shall then expire. There shall also be an Inspecting Committee, to consist of two Governors, to serve two months, one of them to be appointed at each monthly meeting, in place of the one whose term of service shall then expire. 10. At the monthly meeting, in December, in each year, a committee shall be appointed to audit the ac- counts of the Hospital, and to make an inventory of all the real and personal estate belonging to the cor- 30 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. poration, a schedule of all the deeds, bonds, etc. in the custody of the Treasurer, and a general statement of the accounts ; which inventory, schedule, and state- ment, shall be made up and produced by them at the next monthly meeting, or at the one following : and another committee shall also be appointed to draft the annual report of the state of the Hospital, to be laid before the Legislature. This draft shall be presented to the Governors at their monthly meeting in Febru- ary, or at a special meeting during that month. One of the Governors, one physician, and one surgeon shall be appointed to prepare a table of the diseases of the patients in the Hospital during the year. 11. Every committee, whether standing or special, shall report in writing, upon every subject referred to them. 12. At each monthly meeting, the minutes of the Visiting Committee, of the Inspecting Committee, of the Blooiningdale Asylum Committee, and of the Committee on Heating and Ventilation, shall be pro- duced, that the Governors may be informed of their proceedings. 13. The Governors’ room shall he kept solely for the use of the Governors, and no other person shall be permitted to use it, without the permission of the Visiting Committee. CHAPTER Y. OF THE ELECTION OF MEMBERS. 1. No person shall be qualified to be elected a member of this corporation unless he shall have paid to the Treasurer $40 for the use of the Hospital; and BY-LAWS AND KEGULATIONS. 31 whenever a Governor shall propose such person to be elected a member of this corporation, he shall be bal- loted for at a monthly meeting of the Governors ; and if there shall be a majority of the whole number of Governors in his favor, he shall be duly elected, and shall be admitted a member, and receive from the Secretary a certificate of such election, under the common seal. The Governors may, however, in any particular instance, dispense with said payment. CHAPTER, YI. OF THE TREASURER. 1. The Treasurer shall have the custody of all bonds, title-deeds, and other papers and documents relating to the property of the corporation. 2. He shall open an account with one of the banks in the city of New-York, in the name of this corpora- tion ; and he shall deposit all moneys, immediately upon his receiving them, in such bank. 3. He shall keep a book containing blank cheeks ; and in drawing for money he shall use the said checks, and insert in the margin opposite to them respectively, their amounts and dates, and the names of the per- sons to whom they are payable, and on what account. 4. He shall cause a book to be kept for the sole purpose of keeping an account with the bank ; and he shall cause to be entered in such book all deposits made and checks drawn, with their amounts, dates, and the names of the persons to whom they are pay- able. 5. The Treasurer shall pay no moneys without a resolution of the Board of Governors, or a written 32 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. order from the Visiting Committee, or from the Com- mittee of the Bloomingdale Asylum, for expenditures in their department. 6. The Treasurer shall cause to be kept at the Hospital a journal and a ledger, in which shall be contained an account of receipts, an account of expen- ditures, an account with the bank, an account with the Superintendent, and such other accounts as may be necessary. CHAP TEH VII. OF THE SECRETARY. 1. The Secretary shall have the custody of the seal of the corporation. 2. He shall attend the meetings of the Society and of the Governors, take minutes of the proceedings of each meeting, and see that the Clerk transcribes them into a book provided for that purpose. 3. Immediately after the election of Governors and other officers, he shall give notice to the different persons elected. 4. On the day preceding every meeting, stated or special, he shall send notice of the time and place of such meeting to each of the Governors. 5. At every monthly meeting he, or the Secretary pro tem., shall read the minutes of the preceding meeting at length. 6. He shall cause the reports to the Legislature, and the annual state of the Hospital, to be regularly entered upon the minutes. 7. He shall furnish certificates to the members of the corporation in the manner prescribed by the by- laws. BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 33 CHAPTER VIII. OF THE VISITING COMMITTEE, 1. The Visiting Committee shall meet twice in every week, at the Hospital. If any member of the Committee shall be unable to attend, it shall be his duty to procure some other Governor to attend in his stead. 2. They shall receive or reject applicants for ad- mission, as in their discretion they shall think advisa- ble, having regard to the existing circumstances of the Hospital; but they shall admit no person, without a previous examination by one of the Physicians and Surgeons, or by the House-Physician, or House-Surgeon. 3. They, shall also determine whether the appli- cant shall be received as a pauper or pay-patient; and in the latter case, they shall agree upon the price to be paid weekly, and take such security as they may deem requisite; but this and the last preceding article shall not apply to the admission of patients into the Bloomingdale Asylum, which is solely entrusted to the Asylum Committee. 4. They shall carefully inquire of every pauper, previous to admittance, whether he arrived at this port within five years, in order, if that shall appear to be the fact, that they may be placed under care of the proper authorities, unless their admission in the Hos- pital shall be provided for. 5. They shal] keep a book of minutes, and enter therein such business as may come before them; which book must be laid before the Governors at every monthly meeting. They shall also direct the names 34 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. of all patients received or discharged, to be entered in a book to be kept for that purpose. 6. They shall give such orders and establish such regulations, as they shall think proper to carry into effect the objects of this Institution; provided such or- ders and regulations be not inconsistent with the char- ter and by-laws. 7. On every visiting day, they shall inquire of the Physicians and Surgeons, or, in their absence, of the House-Physician or House-Surgeon, whether any of the pauper patients are incurable, or in a condition to leave the Hospital; and shall direct all such to be dis- charged, so that no improper objects be permitted to remain. 8. The Committee may direct the Superintendent to give some relief, in money or clothes, to patients who, from extreme poverty or circumstances of pecu- liar distress, may need such aid at the time of their discharge. But they are to exercise great caution in affording such assistance, lest it s] ould encourage im- proper or too frequent applicatior s. 9. If any patient shall go off the premises without leave, he disorderly, or otherwise misbehave, the Com- mittee may, at their discretion, discharge him. 10. They shall take care that the patients in each ward are supplied with Bibles, and such other religious and proper books as they may think useful. 11. They shall frequently remind the Superintend- ent and other officers of the house, of the necessity of attention, economy, cleanliness, and good conduct in the discharge of their several duties. 12. Whenever they may think it necessary that a special meeting of the Governors should be called, they shall apply for that purpose to the President, or in his absence, to the Vice-President. BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 35 13. In case the House-Physician, House-Surgeons, or any of their assistants or Apothecary, shall neglect any of the duties prescribed to them, or refuse to com- ply with any reasonable request of the Yisiting Com- mittee or Superintendent, the Yisiting Committee may suspend the offender, and report the case to the next monthly meeting of the Governors ; and the vacancy, in the meantime, shall be supplied by such person as the Committee may appoint. 14. The Committee shall, on each visiting day, in- sert in a hook kept for that purpose, the times of their own attendance, of that of the Physicians and Surgeons, and of the senior and junior assistants. 15. The Yisiting Committee shall have the charge and care of the property of the Hospital, and the general superintendence of the buildings and other im- provements belonging to this corporation, except the Bloomingdale Asylum, and it shall be their duty to see that all such repairs or alterations as may be di- rected by the Governors, be faithfully and economically executed. No expenditure shall be made by this Com- mittee exceeding the sum of $100, unless by authority of the Board. CHAPTER IX. OF THE INSPECTING COMMITTEE. 1. It shall be the duty of the Inspecting- Commit- tee to inquire whether the by-laws and regulations of the Governors relative to the management and economy of the house, are carried into effect. 2. They shall visit the wards,dead-house, museum, 36 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. library, apothecary’s shop, ’kitchen, store-room, and grounds of the Hospital, at least once a week, and also the wards, rooms, other apartments and grounds of the Bloomingdale Asylum, at least once a month; in- quire into the behavior of the Superintendent, Warden, Matrons, Attendants, and Nurses, toward the patients; examine particularly whether economy be observed; and as to the cleanliness of the halls, wards, apart- ments, and beds; whether the floors are frequently washed and the walls cleansed; whether the bread and other provisions are of good quality; whether the patients are1 allowed a sufficient quantity, whether they are regularly attended by the Physicians and Surgeons, and whether the Apothecary’s shop be kept neat and in good order. They shall also inquire whether any improvements can be made for the greater comfort of the patients. 3. They shall inquire particularly whether the wards, water-closets, bathing-closets, and dead-house are kept in good condition, and are properly ventilated, and fully supplied with pure and wholesome air, and also see that the grounds are kept in good order. 4. At least once in each month, they shall exa- mine the House-Physician and House-Surgeons, as to the performance of their respective duties, and as to the daily attendance and behavior of the assistants intended as candidates for the offices of House-Physi- cian and House-Surgeon. 5. They shall keep a book of minutes, and enter therein their proceedings and observations relative to all the objects of their appointment, which book shall be laid before the G-overnors at every monthly meeting; and also before the Visiting Committee at their semi- weekly meetings. BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 37 CHAPTER X. OF THE CONSULTING PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. 1. The Consulting Physicians and Surgeons shall be considered as counsellors, and shall be invited to attend at all capital operations in the Hospital. 2. They may recommend persons to be admitted as patients, in like manner as the Governors. 3. Each Consulting Physician and Surgeon shall have the privilege of introducing students gratis to see the practice of the house, in the manner prescribed in Chapter XIV. CHAPTER XI. OF THE PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. 1. The Physicians and Surgeons shall make such arrangement among themselves, that the Hospital may he attended in the manner hereinafter directed. 2. One physician shall visit every medical patient who may he afflicted with an acute disease, at least once every day, and oftener if necessary; and every medical patient in the Hospital, without exception twice in every week. 3. At such visits, the Attending Physician shall in- quire whether his directions and prescriptions have been carefully observed. He shall attend to the neat- ness and ventilation of the wards, and give such di- rections on those subjects as may be necessary, to the Superintendent. He shall direct the House-Physician 38 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. to report to the Superintendent such patients as are in a proper condition to leave the Hospital. 4. Two surgeons shall constantly be in attendance on the Hospital, one of whom shall have the charge of the first surgical division. The other surgeon shall have charge of the second surgical division, and no change shall be made in the division without the sanc- tion of the Visiting Committee, to he reported to the Board for their confirmation. The choice of attend- ance for the term, on either of these two divisions, shall be settled by agreement between themselves, or by lot. They shall both visit the Hospital at least three times a week, and oftener when necessary, and every surgical patient under their care respectively, without exception, at least once a week. At such visits, they shall attend to the ventilation and neat- ness of the surgical wards, and give such directions on these subjects as may he necessary, to the Superintend- ent, and they shall direct their respective House-Sur- geons to report to him such surgical patients as may he in a proper condition to leave the Hospital. 5. The times of their attendance shall be so ar- ranged by the Physicians and Surgeons, respectively, as not to interfere with each other, and so that the students who attend the practice of the house may accompany them in their visits to the patients. 6. It shall be their duty, during their respective terms of attendance, to prescribe and direct the treat- ment of all the patients under their care; but in case of emergency, admitting of no delay, the Attending Physician or Surgeons being absent, the House-Physi- cian or House-Surgeons may prescribe and report to the Attending-Physician or Surgeons at their first visit. 7. If any Physician or Surgeon shall be prevented BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 39 from attending in his turn, he shall procure one of the other Physicians or Surgeons belonging to the Hospital to attend in his stead. 8. The Attending Physician, and at least one of the Surgeons, shall he present at the regular meetings of the Visiting Committee, to confer with them on the management of the house, and to examine applicants for admission. 9. No capital operation, except in cases of imme- diate danger, shall be performed without the previous approbation of at least two surgeons, nor without in- viting all the Physicians and Surgeons belonging to the Hospital to be present at the operation ; nor shall any operation he performed other than by the Attending Surgeons, except in cases of imminent danger, and in their absence, when the House-Surgeons may act. 10. Each of the Attending Physicians and Surgeons shall report in writing to the Governors, after his tour of attendance is completed, the general condition of the Hospital during that period ; and this report shall state whether the House-Physician and the House-Sur- geons, and their Assistants, and the Apothecary, have discharged their respective duties with skill and fideli- ty ; and whether the nurses have treated the sick with care and humanity, and shall also contain such suggestions and remarks as shall appear to him to be useful. 11. At the close of every year, a table of the dis- eases of the patients in the Hospital, and in the Bloomingdale Asylum, during the year then expired, shall be made out and duly arranged, in order that the same may be published with the general account of the state of the Hospital; which table shall be pre- pared by one of the Governors, one Physician, and 40 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. one Surgeon, to be appointed for that purpose by the Governors. 12. In order to render the Hospital, so far as may consist with the welfare of the patients, conducive to the advancement of medical science, the Physicians and Surgeons may provide among themselves adequate and regular practical instruction, by observations ac- companying operations and prescriptions, by clinical lectures, or otherwise, to the students admitted to see the practice of the house. Due notice of the time and period of such instruction shall be given, and, when announced, shall be punctually observed. 13. It shall be the express duty of the Physician or Surgeon to guard against any examinations of pa- tients by pupils except under his own inspection ; and against all acts calculated to alarm or injure the pa- tients: and in cases where any observations, in their presence might have an injurious tendency, they shall be postponed to the halls or theatre. CHAPTER XII. OF THE HOUSE-PHYSICIAN AND HOUSE-SURGEONS. 1. There shall be appointed one House-Physician, and two House-Surgeons, each of whom shall serve eight months. The Visiting Committee shall assign to the House-Surgeons the division of the Hospital in which they shall respectively serve. No person shall be ap- pointed to the office of House-Physician, or of House- Surgeon, until he shall have attained the age of twen- ty-one years, nor until he shall have laid before the Governors satisfactory testimonials of his good moral character, and also a certificate in the following form : BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 41 “ We do hereby certify, that A. B. hath been a pri- vate pupil of C. D. a practicing physician, (or surgeon, as the case may be,) for the space of three years, that he has passed his examination for a degree, or for a li- cense, that we believe him to possess skill and ability to execute the office of a House-Physician, (or House- Surgeon, as the case may be,) and that he has kept the prescribed register to our satisfaction, and we do re- commend him to the Governors for sffid office.” Which certificate shall be signed by at least three Physicians of the Hospital, if the candidate be recommended for the office of House-Physician, and by at least four Sur- geons of the Hospital, if he be recommended for the office of House-Surgeon. He shall also, before his ap- pointment, sign the following obligation: “ This is to certify that I, (A. B.) a candidate for the office of House-Physician, (or House-Surgeon, as the case may be,) have carefully read the by-laws and re- gulations of the New-York Hospital which prescribe the duties of said office, and do pledge myself to their faithful performance for the full term specified, if I should be appointed thereto. Signed, A. B. 2. The House-Physician and House-Surgeons shall visit their respective wards once at least every morn- ing and evening ; and be prepared to report the state of the patients to the Visiting Physician and Surgeons. They shall record all prescriptions and directions for their administration in books to be kept for that pur- pose, of which there shall be one for each ward, and it shall be their duty to send the same to the Apothe- cary’s shop at or before ten o’clock a. m. and at or be- fore six o’clock p. m. every day. They shall see that the medicines sent to the sick are regularly taken, and 42 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. that they are administered with care and neatness, and without delay. There shall also be a diet-hook for each ward, in which shall be recorded all orders for the supply of food and liquors : these orders must designate whether they are extra supplies to be added to the or- dinary diet of the patients, or restricted supplies to be given as a substitute therefor. The diet-book shall he sent to the store-room at or before ten o’clock a. m. and submitted to the Attending Physician or Surgeon, at the meetings of the Visiting Committee. When in cases of emergency it may be necessary to issue a spe- cial order, an entry must be made at the same time in the prescription or diet-book, and the order be marked as entered. 3. In any medical or surgical case of emergency, the House-Physician and House-Surgeon shall request the immediate attendance of the Attending Physician or Surgeon, and if he cannot be found, of any other of the Physicians or Surgeons of the Hospital. 4. They shall make the entries in the admission and discharge books, according to the prescribed forms, review and correct the cases taken and copied by the assistants, and report the same, when completed, to the Attending Physician or Surgeon at his next visit. 5. The House-Physician and House-Surgeons shall in no case substitute their assistants in their place for the performance of any duty specially incumbent on themselves, except in cases of sudden sickness or other emergency, or by permission of the Visiting Commit- tee or the Attending Physician and Surgeon. 6. They shall not remove patients from one ward into another, without the approbation of the Superin- tendent. 7. It shall be their duty to report the disease of BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 43 which any patient dies, to the Clerk, in order that the register may be regularly kept. 8. They shall examine patients applying for ad- mission, and report the result in writing to the Visiting Committee when in session, and, during their recess, to the Superintendent, who shall submit the same to the Committee at their next meeting. The House-Surgeons shall perform this duty alter- nately for one week at a time. They shall also have charge, alternately, of the ward for the reception of patients admitted during the night, for the same pe- riod ; so arranging that both duties shall not devolve simultaneously upon one House-Surgeon. 9. Neither the House-Physician nor House-Sur- geons shall discharge a patient; this being the ex- clusive duty of the Superintendent. 10. They shall not be absent at the usual hours of attendance of the Physicians and Surgeons; and when- ever either of them intends to go off the premises, he shall leave notice with the Superintendent, and the House-Physician, or House-Surgeon, where he may be found. The House-Surgeons shall in no case be absent from the house at the same time. The House-Physician shall never be absent without leaving his Senior Assist- ant in his place. Neither House-Physician nor House- Surgeon shall be absent more than two evenings in each week, nor shall they ever leave the city without the consent of the Visiting Committee. They must be in the Hospital at a seasonable hour in the evening, and never sleep out of the house. 11. They shall not engage in any other business than that of the Hospital, nor shall they practice out of the House. 12. The House-Physician and House-Surgeons shall 44 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. have .charge of all instruments and apparatus belong- ing to their respective divisions, and shall be responsi- ble for them, and for their good order. They shall keep an account of them, stating when and from whom they were received, and their prices, and shall never suffer them to be lent or used out of the Hospital. They shall, on giving up their charge, furnish to their successors an inventory of all the instruments and apparatus belonging to their divisions, which inventory shall be countersigned by their successors, and exhib- ited to the Visiting Committee and the Cabinet Com- mittee, under whose direction it shall he kept on file. 13. Each House-Surgeon shall keep a pass-book, in which shall be entered a statement of all new instru- ments which shall be ordered for the use of the Hos- pital. 14. It shall be the particular duty of the House- Physician or House-Surgeon, (as the case may be medi- cal or surgical,) to attend to the faithful application of the baths, at the temperature and in the manner prescribed by the Attending Physician or Surgeons. 15. Each House-Physician and House-Surgeon, at the termination of his service, provided he shall have performed the duties of his office faithfully, and for the full term of his appointment, to the satisfaction of the Governors, shall receive from them a certificate thereof, under the seal of the corporation. BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 45 CHAPTER XIII. OF THE ASSISTANTS. TO THE HOUSE-PHYSICIAN AND HOUSE- SURGEONS. 1. At the monthly meeting in December, 1856, and subsequently at intervals of eight months thereafter, there shall be appointed one Senior and one Junior As- sistant to the House-Physician, and one Senior and one Junior Assistant to each House-Surgeon. The term of service of the Assistants to the House-Surgeons shall he equally divided between them, in such manner as the Visiting Committee shall from time to time di- rect. Every person to be appointed a Senior Assist- ant, shall have walked the house eight months as a Junior, before he shall be eligible to the office of Senior Assistant; so that the Assistant who may he so appoint- ed, shall walk the house sixteen months before he shall be eligible to the office of House-Physician, or House-Surgeon, as the case may be; and no person shall be appointed Assistant to the House-Physician, or to either of the House-Surgeons, until he shall have laid before the Governors a certificate—in the case of a candidate for the office of Senior Assistant, as follows: “We do hereby certify, that A. B. hath been a pri- vate pupil of C. D., a practising physician, (or surgeon, as the case may he,) for the space of three years, that he has passed his examination for a degree, or for a license, and that we believe him to he well qualified for a Senior Assistant to the House-Physician, (or House- Surgeon, as the case may be,) and we do recommend him to the Governors for said office.” And in the case of a candidate for the office of Junior Assistant:—“ We do hereby certify, that A. B. hath been a private pu- 46 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. pil of C. D., a practising physician, (or surgeon, as the case may be,) for three years, and has passed his ex- amination for the degree of Doctor of medicine, or for a license, and we do further certify, that on the day of , at a meeting held at the New-York Hospital, to which all the Physicians (or Surgeons, {is the case may he) of the Hospital were invited, and at which we were present, we did examine the said A. B., that we believe him to be well qualified for a Junior Assist- ant to the House-Physician, (or House-Surgeon, as the case may be,) and we do recommend him to the Gov- ernors for said office.'" Which certificate for Senior and Junior Assistants, respectively, shall in each case be signed by at least two Physicians of the Hospital, if the candidate be recommended for the office of As- sistant to the House-Physician, and by at least three Surgeons of the Hospital, if recommended for Assistant to a House-Surgeon. Before his appointment he shall sign the following obligation: “ This is to certify that I, A. B., a candidate for the office of Senior or Junior Assistant to the House-Physician, or Surgeon, (as the case may be,) have carefully read the by-laws and regulations of the New-York Hospital, which prescribe the duties of said office, and do pledge myself to their faithful performance for the full time specified, if I should be appointed thereto. Signed, A. B. 2. The Assistants shall respectively attend the House-Physician and House-Surgeons in their morning visits to the patients, and they shall also be present at the regular visit of the Attending Physician or Sur- geon, and at such other times as he may direct. It shall be their further duty to attend and aid the Curator in all the post-mortem examinations of cases taken from the division to which they respectively belong. BY-LAWS AND KEGULATIONS. 47 3. The Senior Assistant to the House-Physician shall, under the direction of the Attending Physician, keep a record of all medical cases which occur in the Hospital. In this record shall be entered the name, age, and occupation of each patient, the probable cause and history of his disease, the remedies used before and after his admission, the name of the Attend- ing Physician or Surgeon, his daily reports on the case, the termination of the disease, either in recovery, re- lief, or death, and such other circumstances as may tend to illustrate the case and the nature of the dis- ease. .4. Each of the Senior Assistants to the House-Sur- geons shall, under the directions of the Surgeons attending on their respective divisions, keep a similar report of the chirurgical cases in their respective di- visions, and shall record all operations therein. 'It shall he the duty of the respective Junior As- sistants to transcribe, in a neat and legible manner, every such record, when completed, into the case- books : said books shall be deposited in the Library. 5. It shall be the duty of the Senior Assistants to visit applicants for admission into the Hospital, at their dwellings, when their cases require it, and to report to the Superintendent. Each Senior Surgical Assistant shall perform this duty, alternately, for one week. 6. No such Medical or Surgical Assistant shall be eligible to the office of House-Physician, or House-Sur- geon, unless he shall have kept the prescribed register to the satisfaction of the Attending Physicians and Surgeons respectively, which shall be duly certified to the Board of Governors by the Physicians or Surgeons before his election. 48 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 7. Examinations of candidates for appointment to the post of Junior Assistant shall be held at the Hos- pital, and due public notice of the same shall be given by the Physicians and Surgeons. Every candidate must have passed his examination for the degree of Doctor of Medicine, or for a license, and must present a written recommendation from one of the Physicians or Surgeons of the Hospital. Each Physician and Surgeon shall be entitled to recommend three candidates for their respective de- partments. CHAPTER XIV. OF PRACTITIONERS AND STUDENTS ADMITTED TO SEE THE PRACTICE OF THE HOUSE. 1. Any practitioner or student of medicine, on the joint recommendation and request of the Physician and Surgeonfe in attendance, or a majority of them,, may receive a ticket of admission to follow the practice of the Hospital, for not more than one year, to be issued by the Superintendent. Before receiving his ticket, the applicant shall sign an obligation to obey in all respects the by-laws and regulations of the Hospital. The modifying or revoking of this privilege shall be under the control of the Visiting Committee. 2. Any practitioner or student holding a ticket to follow the practice of the Hospital, shall be entitled to the use of the Library for one year, on payment to the Treasurer of the sum of five dollars. 3. No student shall be entitled to visit the Bloom- BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 49 ingdale Asylum, without leave from the physician of the Asylum, or one of the Asylum Committee. 4. No student shall be entitled to attend the Hos- pital, except at the hours of prescription, operation, or lecture. Every student shall produce his ticket to the porter at the gate, and shall behave with decorum and propriety. And if any student shall infringe any of the regulations of the Hospital, or he guilty of im- proper conduct, it shall be the duty of the Superin- tendent to report him to the Visiting Committee, who may give orders to exclude him in future from the Hospital. And that he may be informed of the regu- lations to which he is subject, every student shall be furnished by the Superintendent with a copy of this by-law. CHAPTER XV. OF THE APOTHECARY. 1. The Apothecary shall compound and make up all medicines prescribed, agreeably to the formulae from time to time directed by the physicians and sur- geons of the Hospital. He shall deliver no medicines or other articles which are not entered upon the pre- scription-hooks, and shall permit no medicines to be carried out of the house, except to patients taking their discharge, and. under the direction of the attend- ing physician or surgeons. He shall put up the medicines intended for each ward separately, and shall annex to them labels, containing the names of the pa- tients for whom they were respectively prescribed, with printed or written directions for taking them. And he shall send them to each ward, by the orderly 50 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. man, to be by him distributed to the patients. Ban- dages and muslins shall be kept in the Apothecary’s shop, in such quantities and of such sizes as shall be directed by the attending surgeons, and the Apothecary shall keep a book in which the deliveries of the same shall he entered, with the names of the patients, and the ward to which they are sent, in order to their re- turn to him when practicable. 2. He shall regularly attend the shop, and never be absent without the Superintendent’s permission. He shall keep the shop, and everything appertaining to it, clean and in perfect order, which shall remain open from seven o’clock in the morning till eight o’clock in the evening, in his charge. He shall carefully ob- serve economy in everything relating to his depart- ment ; he particularly prudent and careful in the de- livery of medicines, and permit no patient to ente.r the shop unnecessarily. No liquid medicines shall be put up in larger quantity than a 4 oz. phial will contain, except infusions, decoctions, and those for external ap- plication. 3. He shall ordinarily procure the medicines re- quired for the use of the house, from the person or persons appointed by the G-overnors to supply them; but it shall be his duty to ascertain the lowest market price of all important articles, and to procure them from such sources as may be most favorable, with the assent of the Visiting Committee: 4. He shall cause all medicines and other articles purchased for his department, to be immediately en- tered, by the persons of whom they were purchased, in a pass-book provided for that purpose, or in a bill of parcels, with the date, quantity, kind, and price of the articles. BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 51 5. He shall keep a daily record of meteorological observations; and shall furnish a monthly transcript thereof to the Board, at their stated meetings, in order that an abstract may be entered on their minutes. 6. No person shall he appointed Apothecary, unless he he twenty-one years of age, nor until he shall have produced sufficient testimonials of his good moral cha- racter, and have obtained a certificate, signed by at least two physicians and two surgeons of the Hospital, in the following form: “We do hereby certify, that at a meeting held at the New-York Hospital, on the day of 18 , to which all the physicians and surgeons of the said Hospital were invited, and at which we were'pre- sent, we did examine A. B. and did find him compe- tent to execute the office of Apothecary of the said Hospital. And we do recommend him to the Govern- ors for that office. 7. The Apothecary shall give a bond, in the pen- alty of two hundred and fifty dollars, for the faithful performance of the duties of his office, and that he will not cease to perform those duties without giving two months’ notice of his intention to leave his em- ployment. CHAPTER XVI. OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OR STEWARD. 1. The Superintendent shall be the steward of the Hospital. He shall have the general charge thereof, and of all the premises, and see that the regulations of the Governors and the directions of the Visiting Committee are carried into effect. 52 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 2. He shall keep, in a hook provided for that pur- pose, a regular account of all moneys received and dis- bursed by him on behalf of the Hospital, and also to contain a record of all such contracts as he may have been authorized to make; which book, with the vouch- ers, shall be laid before the Visiting Committee every month, for their examination. 3. All amounts coming into his hands he shall de- posit with the Treasurer, to be by him placed to the credit of the Hospital. 4. Whenever money may he required for the use of the house, he shall obtain a draft from the Visiting Committee on the Treasurer for such sums as may be, from time to time, required for that purpose; he shall account in his statement of receipts and expendi- tures, for all moneys so received, which statement, with his vouchers, shall be laid before the Visiting Committee at their monthly meetings. 5. He shall purchase, under the directions of the Visiting Committee, provisions, and all other stores, for the use of the Hospital, except medicines. 6. He shall keep under his key, all wines, spirits, sugar, molasses, unmade linen, and blanketing, and all other stores and necessaries. 7. He shall see that the outer gates are locked at a seasonable hour every evening. 8. He shall suffer no patient to go out of the house, without his special permission. 9. He shall receive for safe keeping, any money or other valuables belonging to patients admitted into the house. 10. He shall visit every ward at least once a day, and oftener if necessary. 11. He shall have power to hire and dismiss all BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 53 the nurses and servants employed in or about the Hos- pital, except the Engineer and his assistant; subject, however, to such orders as the Visiting Committee shall think proper to give.' And it shall be his duty to discharge all those who shall be guilty of profane swearing, drunkenness, bringing spirituous liquors clandestinely into the house, or other gross miscon- duct ; nor shall any nurse leave the house without his permission. And he shall report his proceedings on all these subjects to the Visiting Committee without delay. 12. He shall not permit any person whatever, ex- cepting such of the officers and servants of the Hos- pital enumerated in these regulations as are entitled thereto, and the members of his own family, to take their meals or sleep in the Hospital, or occupy any part of the premises, without express permission of the Visiting Committee, entered upon their minutes, or of the Board of Governors; and he shall submit to the monthly meeting of the G-overnors a census of all per- sons employed in or upon the premises, their rates of wages, and of all persons whatsoever residing in the building, except the patients. 13. He shall take particular care that no wine or spirits are used in the Hospital, except by the direction of the physicians or surgeons, for the use of the pa- tients. 14. He shall, when there is no Chaplain in attend- ance, appoint in each ward one of the most discreet patients to read the Bible to the other patients, and he shall see that it is read conformably to the regula- tions respecting patients ; and when any patient is dangerously ill, he shall inquire whether he is desirous to converse with any religious person; and shall in- 54 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. vite the person desired by the patient to attend ; and while such person is present, shall see that the other patients in the ward behave with decorum. 15. When a patient is discharged, the Superintend- ent shall cause the name to be entered in the hook provided for that purpose, mentioning the patient as cured, relieved, incurable, eloped, or disorderly, with the date of such discharge. 16. On the decease of a patient, the Superintendent shall cause the name and the time of the decease of such patient to be entered in the register, the body to he conveyed, as soon as conveniently may be, to the dead-house, and there safely kept until delivered to the hearse, or to the friends of the deceased, for inter- ment ; and he shall be particularly responsible for the execution of this duty. No post-mortem examination shall be made without the express permission of the Superintendent. And it shall be his duty to enter such examination in a register-book, which shall show the name of the deceased, disease, date, by whose re- quest, attendance of Curator, and of the Walkers, with such remarks as may be deemed of interest. 17. If the House-Physician, House-Surgeon, Clerk, Apothecary, students attending the house, or other per- sons belonging to it, shall disregard the by-laws and regulations, or otherwise misbehave, it shall be the duty of the Superintendent to report the offenders, in writing, to the Visiting Committee. 18. When a patient dies, leaving clothes or other articles of value, the Superintendent shall report the same to the Visiting Committee, who shall make a minute of such report in their book, and give him the necessary directions. BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 55 CHAPTER XVII. OF THE MATRON. 1. The Matron shall visit all the wards in the Hos- pital having female nurses, every day, and see that they are properly attended by the nurses. 2. She shall oversee all the female patients and servants, and take care that the wards, apartments, beds, clothes, linen, and other things are kept clean. All the patients, nurses, and servants, must be obedi- ent and submissive to her. 3. She must take care of all the household goods and furniture. CHAPTER XVIII. OF THE ASSISTANT SUPERINTENDENT. 1. It shall be the duty of the Assistant Superintend- ent to look especially to the condition of the South - House, to lodge there, and to attend to the wants and comforts of the seamen. 2. He shall distribute regularly to the nurses of the respective wards, all the articles of food ordered for the patients ; and shall have in charge all the bedding and linen provided for their use. 3. He shall take charge of the clothing of de- ceased patients, and deliver it, when applied for, to their relatives. 4. He shall assist the Superintendent generally in the discharge of his duties, in such manner as he may direct. 56 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. CHAPTER XIX. OF THE CLERK. 1. It shall be the duty of the Clerk, on the day fol- lowing every meeting of the Governors, to enter in their journal a fair copy of the minutes taken by the Sec- retary, together with such reports and other papers as the Secretary shall direct. 2. He shall furnish the chairman of every commit- tee appointed by the Governors, with a copy of the minutes relating to 'their appointment, and he shall notify every person appointed on each of the standing committees, of his appointment. 3. He shall enter in the book for recording ordi- nances, all by-laws that may from time to time be passed by the Governors; and. such entry shall be made by him immediately after the passing of said by-law. He shall also enter therein all orders enjoining special duties to be performed by any of the standing commit- tees, or by any of the officers or servants of the Hos- pital ; which orders must be recorded in a part of said book separate from the by-laws. 4. He shall transcribe for the use of the Visiting Committee, under the direction of the Secretary, such minutes of the Governors as may relate to their duties ; and he shall copy all minutes of that committee on their day of meeting ; and shall enter in the register kept for that purpose, the admissions and discharges of patients, immediately after they have been received ’ or discharged. 5. He shall keep the books of accounts, and col- lect all moneys due from the pay-patients, in such manner as the Treasurer may direct. BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 57 6. He shall, every three months, furnish the Secre- tary with the names of such seamen as die in the Hospital, to the end that they may be published. 7. He shall lay on the table in the Governors’ room, at every monthly meeting, the following hooks, viz: the Journal or Minutes of the Governors; the Minutes of the Visiting Committee; the Minutes of the Inspect- ing Committee; the Minutes of the Committee on Heat and Ventilation ; the Minutes of the Bloomingdale Asylum Committee; the Book of By-laws ; the Book containing the minutes of the attendance of the Visit- ing Committee, and of the Physicians and Surgeons, and of the Senior and Junior Assistants; the Bank Book, Journal, and Ledger, and the Census of the House. CHAPTER XX. OF THE ORDERLY MAN. The Visiting Committee shall appoint an Orderly Man, who shall assist in the Apothecary’s shop, in all things appertaining to that department. When not occupied in the Apothecary’s department, he shall per- form any services for the benefit of the Hospital, re- quired of him by the Superintendent, House-Physician, and House-Surgeons. CHAPTER XXI. OF THE ENGINEER. The Engineer, under the supervision and direction of the Committee on Heat and Ventilation, shall 58 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. have charge of the boilers and steam machinery and apparatus of all kinds in the establishment in town. He shall have the care of the tanks, hot and cold wa- ter apparatus and fixtures. It shall be his duty to provide an adequate supply of hot and cold water, to keep all the steam-pipes, boilers, force-pumps, washing, and other machinery and iron-work in good order and repair. He shall be responsible for the economical use of coal and ol steam, and for the neat and orderly con- dition of the boiler-house and air-chambers and every- thing connected therewith. It shall be his special d uty to see that a uniform temperature of 66° to 68° of Fahrenheit thermometer be maintained in all the wards during the winter, and to visit them night and day as often as may be necessary to secure this object. The Engineer and his assistants shall be subject at all times to the direction and control of the Committee on Heat and Ventilation, to that of the Visiting Committee and Superintendent, and shall re- port at once any misconduct or negligence of persons under him in his department. CHAPTER XXII. OF THE PATIENTS. 1. No patient shall leave the house, unless by per- mission of the Superintendent; nor play at any game of hazard within the Hospital; nor introduce any spi- rituous liquors into the house. 2. No patient shall enter the dead-house, engine rooms, kitchen, or any of the servants’ apartments, under any pretence whatever, except by order of the Superintendent or Matron. BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 3. No male patient shall go into the women’s apart- ments or wards, nor any female patient into those of the men. 4. No patient shall smoke tobacco in the house. 5. When there is no Chaplain in attendance to perform public worship, the Superintendent, on Sunday, at ten o’clock in the morning, and at three in the af- ternoon, shall appoint a suitable person for each ward, to read audibly some chapters in the Bible to the pa- tients, who are to attend thereto with decency and respect; and it is also recommended to the patients, as often as circumstances will permit, to read the Holy Scriptures themselves on other days of the week. 6. If any patient shall not conform to the fore- going regulations, or shall use profane or indecent language, or get drunk, or behave rudely or indecently, the Superintendent shall make report* thereof to the V isiting Committee, who may discharge such patient; or, with the consent of a Governor, the Superintendent may immediately discharge him. 7. No officer or servant of this Institution shall accept any gift or bequest from any patient, except with the approbation of the Visiting Committee. CHAPTER XXIII. OF THE ADMISSION OF PATIENTS. 1. Any Governor, Physician, or Surgeon of the Hos- pital may recommend patients to be admitted, hut the Visiting Committee may refuse or admit patients so recommended, at their discretion. 2. In any extraordinary or pressing case, where great inconvenience wouid result from waiting for the 60 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. approbation of the Visiting Committee, any Governor, Physician, or Surgeon of the Hospital, may direct the Superintendent to receive a patient immediately. And in case of sudden accidents, the Superintendent may receive patients without recommendation. But he must give early information of every such case to the Visiting Committee, who may permit the patient to remain in the house, or not, as shall appear to them discreet and proper. 3. When the patient’s case requires immediate ad- mittance, the Governor, Physician, or Surgeon recom- mending him, will add to his recommendation the fol- lowing directions : “The Superintendent is desired to receive the person above recommended, until the Visit- ing Committee attend.” 4. No person shall be admitted whose case is judged to be incurable, unless there be urgent symp- toms, which, in the opinion of the attending Physician or Surgeon, are capable of being relieved; nor any whose case does not require the particular benefits of a hospital; nor shall any who have the small-pox, or measles, or any malignant, or infectious, or contagious diseases, be received into any ward with other patients. 5. Young children shall not be received with their mothers, unless such children are also patients. 6. Patients unable to pay for their board and main- tenance, may be received without charge ; but such as are able to pay for the same, in part or in whole, shall be received as pay-patients, on such terms as may be agreed on by the Visiting Committee, who are to take sufficient security for their performance. 7. The applicants must attend at the Hospital on Tuesday or Friday, in order to be examined by the at- tending physician or surgeon. BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 61 Form of Recommendation. New-York, " day of one thousand eicht hundred I recommend to be admitted into the New-York Hospital, if shall appear to you a proper object, after having been ex- amined by the Physicians or Surgeons. To the Visiting Committee of the Xew-York Hospital. Form of Security for Fay-Patients. being admitted a patient in the New- York Hospital, at my request, I, A. B., residing at No. in street, do hereby promise to pro- vide with sufficient clothing wffiile there ; to pay to the Superintendent of the said Hospital per week for board during continuance there; to cause to he removed when discharged ; and to pay the expense of burial, if die there. Witness my hand the day of 18 8. Nothing in this chapter shall apply to the ad- mission of insane patients. CHAPTER XXIV. OF THE LIBRARY. 1. Before the Librarian enter on the execution of his office, he shall give sufficient security, to be ap- proved of by the Visiting Committee, in a sum not less than two hundred and fifty dollars, that he will indemnify this corporation for any loss or damage which may be sustained by his negligence or miscon- duct as librarian. 2. The Librarian shall keep every work in the 62 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. library plainly numbered on a label on the backhand also on the inside of every volume ; and he shall cause to be written or printed on the title-page of each volume. “ The Property of the New-York Hospital.” 3. He shall keep an accurate catalogue of the books in the library, containing the title, author, size, num- ber, and number of volumes of each work. He shall keep a book containing printed receipts ; and every person who shall borrow a book from the library, shall sign a receipt for the same. 4. The Librarian shall annually account for the library to the Library Committee, and shall at the same time report to the Committee an account of all books then out of the library, to whom and when they were lent. 5. Books shall be taken from the library on such days only as the Library Committee shall direct; but a Governor, Physician, or Surgeon of the Hospital, may borrow books from the library at any time. 6. Books maybe loaned from the library only to the Governors; to the Physicians and Surgeons; to the Cura- tor; to the House-Physician, House-Surgeon, Apothe- cary, and other officers of the Hospital; to those physi- cians and surgeons who may have formerly been physi- cians or surgeons to the establishment; to those who may have served in the Hospital in the capacity of house- physician or house-surgeon for six months, to the sat- isfaction of the Governors, on the conditions and under the regulations directed in the ninth section ; to per- sons to whom the privilege has been especially grant- ed by the Governors; and to those who shall acquire it in the manner prescribed in the next succeeding section. Every other person admitted to the use of the library, not being a student of medicine, shall BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 63 pay to the Treasurer five dollars, for which he shall re- ceive a ticket expressing that he is entitled to the use of the library for one year. 7. Every person who shall make a donation to the library of books on medicine, surgery, or such subjects as are connected with medicine and surgery, (to be ap- proved of by the Library Committee,) to the amount of twenty-five dollars, or who shall pay to the Trea- surer the same amount in money, shall be entitled to the use of the library, under the regulations provided as to students. 8. Of voluminous collections of distinct books or papers, no person shall be allowed to have out more than one volume at one time; nor shall any person, except a Governor, Physician, or Surgeon of the Hos- pital, take out more than a single volume of any kind at one time. 9. No student shall take out any book, without previously depositing with the Librarian such sum of money as the Library Committee shall direct; or he may leave in lieu thereof, with the Librarian, an en- gagement signed by some respectable, permanent resi- dent in the city, in the following form : “ A. B. being permitted to use the library belong, ing to the Society of the New-York Hospital, I do hereby promise to pay to the Treasurer of the said So- ciety all such fines and forfeitures as the said A. B. may become liable to, by virtue of the by-laws and ordinances of the said Society relating to the library. “ Dated the day of 18 10. A folio may be kept out four weeks ; a quarto three weeks; an octavo or duodecimo, two weeks; and if any volume be detained longer, the person who took it out shall pay a weekly fine of twenty-five 64 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. cents for every week beyond the time above specified, until it be returned. 11. If a book shall not be returned within three months, it shall be considered as lost, and the person who took it out shall forfeit his deposit if he has made any; and If not, then a sum equal to what the deposit would have amounted to, if any had been made. 12. If any person shall lose one or more volumes of any set of books, he may give to the library a new set equally good with the former ; and shall thereupon receive the remainder of the broken set; but unless he immediately do this, he shall incur the forfeiture mentioned in the last foregoing section, and the im- perfect set shall be retained. 13. The books marked thus * in the catalogue, shall be read in the library only, unless by the written permission of two members of the Library Committee, addressed to the Librarian. The register of cases, or any other manuscript books, are not to be taken out of the library without the special permission of the Governors. 14. When any book is damaged, the Librarian shall report the fact to the Library Committee, who shall determine the fine to be paid by. the borrower. 15. Every person who shall refuse or neglect to conform to the regulations contained in this chapter, may be refused the further use of the library, by the Library or Visiting Committee. 16. When any misunderstanding takes place on the subjects provided for in this chapter, it shall be de- cided by the Library or Visiting Committee. 17. All fines and forfeitures imposed in this chap- ter are appropriated to the use of the library. The Librarian shall collect and pay them over to the BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 65 Library Committee, to whom he shall also render an account every month of such as have been incurred. CHAPTER XXV. OF THE HOSPITAL CABINET. 1. The Hospital Cabinet, consisting of preparations in healthy and morbid anatomy, of casts, models, de- lineations, paintings, and prints illustrative of anato- my and other branches of medical science, shall be under the general care and superintendence of the Cabinet Committee, and under the immediate charge of the Curator, who shall be appointed by the Govern- ors on the recommendation of the Physicians and Surgeons. 2. It shall be the duty of the Curator to attend all surgical operations in the Hospital, and to superintend and direct all the post-mortem examinations, in which he shall be aided by the Medical or Surgical Walker to whose division the case to be examined belonged: and he shall collect, prepare, and deposit in the Cabinet all such specimens occurring in or presented to the Hospital as are thought worthy of preservation ; each with its appropriate label, and reference to the cata- logue. 3. He shall keep an analytical catalogue of all the preparations and other articles in the Cabinet, and shall therein briefly note the most important facts, so far as ascertained, in relation ‘to each specimen, with further reference, when necessary, to the case-book of the Hospital. 66 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 4. He shall see that every article belonging to the Cabinet is kept in proper order, and that no part of the collection he at any time removed therefrom; and shall open the Cabinet for the inspection of visitors, at such times as may he determined by the Cabinet Committee. 5. All pathological specimens occurring in the Hos- pital shall be at the disposal of the Cabinet Com- mittee ; and no specimen worthy of a place in the Cabinet, shall, on any account, be removed from the Hospital. 6. All preparations, and other articles received for deposit in the Cabinet, shall he considered the property of the Hospital; hut such of them as are presented, may he marked by the name of the donor, or that of the individual by whom they were prepared or col- lected. 7. The Cabinet shall at all times be accessible to the Governors, to the Physicians and Surgeons, and to the Superintendent of the Hospital; and shall be open to other visitors at such times only as the Cabinet Committee shall direct. Note.—The words “ Physician ” and “ Surgeons,” wherever used in these By-Laws, shall be understood as applying only to the Attending Physician and Attending Surgeons of the Hospital. BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 67 CHAPTER, X X Y I. BLOOMINGDALE ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE. 1. The Blooming-dale Asylum Committee shall con- sist of six Governors of the New-York Hospital, not more than four of whom shall be re-eligible, at the election at the stated meeting of the Board, in June. 2. The Asylum Committee shall have charge of the Bloomingdale estate, and of all its buildings and appurtenances, subject always, however, to the orders, rules, and regulations of the Board of Governors, every member of which may at all times visit and inspect the establishment, and examine all the books, docu- ments, and proceedings of the Committee. 3. The Asylum Committee are authorized to make such rules and regulations as they may judge proper for their own government, and for the better govern- ment of the establishment, its officers, servants, and patients. Provided such rules and regulations be not inconsistent with the charter of this corporation, or with the rules and regulations hereby established, or which may, at any time hereafter, be established by the Board of Governors. And the said Board may, at any of its stated meetings, alter or repeal any rule or regulation made by the Asylum Committee, provided one month’s notice of such alteration or repeal shall have been given by the member intending to submit the same. 4. The Asylum Committee shall meet at least once a month at the Asylum, on a stated day, to he fixed by their own regulations ; and two of the members, to be called the “Weekly Committee,” shall attend 68 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. at the Asylum at least once a week. The Asylum Committee shall make such arrangements among them- selves, as that one new member shall be put on the Weekly Committee the first week in every month. o. The Weekly Committee, at each visitation, shall make a thorough examination of each house, and see every patient, so far as may be expedient; and shall make a report of their having done so ; which report shall be noted in the book of minutes of the Asylum Committee. 6. Any member of the Asylum Committee shall receive or reject applications for admission into the Asylum as in his discretion he shall think advisable. He shall make agreements for the terms on which pa- tients shall be received, and arrange for a money de- posit or security for the performance thereof, in the form and manner prescribed by the Asylum Committee. 7. Patients shall be discharged, only, under the order of the Weekly Committee or Asylum Commit- tee ; who shall adopt such regulations as shall prevent the discharge of any patient without the due notice to friends or provision made for a safe return to them, or a conveyance to the Alms House, in all cases where such precaution may be deemed necessary. 8. The Asylum Committee shall, at each monthly meeting, examine the accounts of the Institution. They shall keep a book of minutes of their proceedings, and shall cause proper books of accounts to be kept of all the receipts and expenditures. They shall also cause to be kept at the Asylum, books in which shall be noted the names of the patients admitted and dis- charged, and the attendance of the members at the weekly and monthly meetings. 9. The Asylum Committee shall not, in any one BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 69 month, expend more than one hundred dollars in re- pairs or for improvements, without a special order of the Board of Governors. 10. The Asylum Committee shall appoint one of its members to be their Secretary, who shall keep ,the minutes of the meetings of the Committee. He shall also provide all the necessary books for the establish- ment, and see that they are kept agreeably to these regulations. 11. It shall he the duty of the Asylum Committee to provide, at an expense not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars per annum, a clergyman of respecta- ble standing, to perform religious services in the Asy- lum once every Sabbath; at which all persons residing on the premises may attend, excepting only such pa- tients as, in the opinion of the Physician, would not be benefited thereby. 12. The Asylum Committee shall appropriate for the use of the patients suitable apartments in the build- ing for a reading-room and library ; and shall procure such books, periodical publications, and newspapers, as may be considered serviceable for them; but the yearly disbursements for these objects shall not ex- ceed seventy-five dollars. OF THE PHYSICIAN. 1. There shall he appointed annually by the Board of Governors, at the regular meeting in the month of .June, a physician, to be called the Physician of the Asylum, who shall be a married man. 2. He shall reside in the house provided for the Physician, and devote the whole of his time, without any other employment, to the duties of his appoint- 70 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. ment; nor shall he unnecessarily absent himself from the premises, and, in no case, be absent at night, with- out the consent of the Committee. 3. He shall be the superior officer of the Institu- tion, and shall have charge of all articles belonging to the medical department; he shall make a suitable classification of the patients, and be accountable for both their medical and moral treatment; the latter, however, subject to the supervision of the Asylum Committee. 4. He shall endeavor to procure a history of the malady of every patient, including its origin, progress, and treatment to the time of admission. This state- ment, with any circumstances or peculiarities tending to elucidate the case, he shall record in a register to be kept in the Asylum for that purpose. The treat- ment pursued after admission in each case, with the result, shall afterwards be added. It shall further he his duty to record at length in another register all re- markable cases, and to deposit the same in the Asylum library. 5. He shall, at each monthly meeting of the Asy- lum Committee, report in writing the number of pa- tients admitted and discharged during the preceding month, and also a general statement of their cases. And, at the expiration of each year, he shall furnish a summary statement of all patients received, dis- charged, recovered, or who have died since the last an- nual report, with the causes of death, and also the number then remaining. 6. He shall direct what medicines are to be pro- vided for the use of the establishment, and present a list of those wanted to the Asylum Committee, which list shall be entered in a book kept for the purpose. BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 71 7. He shall also have the authority, under the di-, rection of the Asylum Committee, and under such re- gulations as they shall prescribe, to hire or discharge all the attendants on the patients; that is, all per- sons directly employed in the management of them. OF THE WARDEN. 1. The "Warden shall be appointed annually by the Board of G-oyernors at the monthly meeting in June, but may he removed at any time : he shall act as steward of the house, and, under the direction and supervision of the Asylum Committee, shall have charge and custody of the buildings and furniture, as also of the farm, farm-houses, garden, green-house, and other property on the premises. He shall not un- necessarily absent himself from the premises, and in no case be absent at night, without the consent of the Committee. 2. He shall purchase, under the direction of the Weekly Committee, fuel, provisions, and all other stores (except medicine) for the use of the Asylum: for which purpose he shall receive, from time to time, such sums as the Asylum Committee may think necessary. 3. He shall have authority, under the direction and control of the Asylum Committee, to hire and dis- charge an assistant steward, and all other servants em- ployed in and about the Asylum, or on the premises, except the attendants on the patients ; but he shall not give higher wages than may be established by the Asylum Committee for their respective employments, without the consent of the Weekly Committee. 72 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 4. He shall report at each meeting of the Weekly Committee, the name of each patient received, dis- charged, escaped, or deceased. And he shall keep a book in such form as the Secretary of the Asylum Com- mittee shall direct; in which he shall make the like entries respecting the patients ; also of the pay agreed for, and the names and residence of the sureties for payment. 5. He shall also keep accounts of all his expendi- tures and receipts ; and shall furnish to the Asylum Committee at their monthly meeting for June, Sep- tember, December, and March, an abstract showing all balances then due the Asylum ; he shall likewise furnish from time to time a separate statement of the expenditures on the farm and garden, and of the pro- duce thereof. 6. He shall use his best endeavors to carry into effect the general system of moral treatment, as laid down by the Physician, and attend, in all things, to the directions of the Asylum Committee. He shall also visit, at least once in each day, all rooms occupied by male patients, and particularly attend to the clean- liness of those patients, their galleries, apartments, beds, and other things about the establishment. OF THE MATRON. 1. The Matron shall be appointed, and may be re- moved, in like manner with the Warden. She shall be bound by all rules and regulations regarding the Warden which may be applicable to her department. 2. She will devote her whole time to the aflairs of the Institution : the first object of her care will be the 73 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. moral treatment and comfort of the female patients, and she is not to he absent from the house during the absence of the Warden. 3. She shall be especially responsible for the clean- liness of the female side of the house, for the manage- ment of the kitchen, and for the care of the household goods, furniture, and linen. 4. She is to inspect all the female departments, and see each female patient at least once every day, and as much oftener as occasion may require. OF THE PATIENTS. 1. No other than pay patients shall be received into the Asylum except by express direction of the Board of Governors. Paupers from any part of the State may he admitted at the lowest rate for which they can be sup- ported, on the order of the Overseers of the poor whence they are sent; which order shall he held as security for the maintenance of such pa*uper. All other classes shall be received on such terms as may be agreed on, hut for a period not less than thirteen weeks : and the payment for this period shall be made in advance; and no part thereof shall be refunded, should the pa- tient he removed within the said time, unless by the express direction of the Asylum Committee. The Weekly Committee may, in special cases, accept a bond with competent sureties, in lieu of the advance required. 2. All patients shall he subject to such rules and regulations as the Asylum Committee may establish respecting them. 74 BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS. OF VISITORS. Visitors shall not be admitted into the Blooming- dale Asylum, or on the grounds, without a written permit from one of the Governors, or consent of the Physician or Warden ; nor be permitted to see any pa- tient without the consent of the Physician. CHAPTER, XXVII. OF ORDINANCES AND RESOLUTIONS. 1. All ordinances shall be copied in a book provi- ded for that purpose, and each ordinance so copied shall have the seal of the corporation affixed thereto, and signed by the Secretary. 2. All resolutions making alterations in any of the existing by-laws, or ?my new by-law that may be passed, shall he put in the form of an ordinance, and all such ordinances shall be copied in a hook of ordi- nances. 3. No alteration or amendment shall be made to the by-laws, unless a month’s previous notice of such intention he given at a meeting of the Board. EAST ELEVATION. NORTH ELEVATION OF NEW SOUTH HOSPITAI F OUNDATION PLAN COLD AIR FLUE. BASE MENT FIRST S TORY. SECOND AND THIRD STORIES. FOURTH STORY. AT Tir PLAN. AN ACCOUNT O F THE NEW.YORK HOSPITAL. In the year II10, some respectable and public-spirited inhabit- ants of the city of New-York subscribed considerable sums of money, for the purpose of erecting1 and establishing a public Hos- pital ; and a petition was presented by Peter Middleton, John Jones, and Samuel Bard,* three eminent physicians, to Lieutenant- Governor Colden, then administering the government of the colony of New-York, for a charter of incorporation, which was, in con- sequence, granted the following year by the Earl of Dunmore, Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the province. By this charter, dated the 13th of June, 1111, the Mayor, Re- corder, Aldermen, and Assistants, of the city of New-York, the Rector of Trinity Church, one minister from each of the other churches of different denominations then in the city, the President * From the following extract from a medical discourse, delivered by Dr. Middleton, in King’s (now Columbia) College, on the 8d of November, 1769, it appears that the first suggestion rela- tive to the establishment of a Hospital was made by Dr. Bard. This eminent and philanthropic physician was distinguished during his long life, not only for professional skill and learning, but for his zeal and success in founding and building up the scientific, charitable, and medical establish- ments of New-Y ork. He may be regarded not only as a principal founder of this Hospital, but also of the system of medical instruction in this State. He died in his 80th year, in 1821. “ The neces- sity and usefulness,” says Dr. Middleton, “ of a public infirmary, had been so warmly and pathet- ically set forth in a discourse delivered by Dr. Samuel Bard, at the college commencement in May last, that his excellency, Sir Henry Moore, immediately set on foot a subscription fq§ that purpose, to which himself, and most of the gentlemen present, liberally contributed. His excel- lency also recommended it, in the most pressing manner, to the Assembly of the province, as an object worthy of their attention; and the Corporation of the city have given assurances of grant- ing a very valuable and commodious lot of ground for erecting the building upon: so that there is now almost a certain prospect of this benevolent and humane foundation soon taking place; and as it is to be on the most catholic and unexceptionable plan, it is to be hoped that it will meet with the countenance and encouragement of every compassionate and good member of society, whatever party or denomination he may choose to be distinguished by on other occasions.” 76 AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. of King’s (now Columbia) College, and a number of the most re- spectable inhabitants of the city, were named as members, and incorporated by the name of the “ Society of the Hospital in the city of New-York, in America.”* Twenty-six Govern- ors were also named for the management of the affairs and busi- ness of the Institution, who held their first meeting on the 25th July, mi. Through the influence of those eminent English physicians, Dr. John Fothergill and Sir William Duncan, considerable con- tributions were made to the Society by many inhabitants of Lon- don and other places in Great Britain, and in 1112 the Legis- lature of the province of New-York granted an annual allowance of 800 pounds (2,000 dollars) in aid of the Institution for twenty years. In 1113, the Governors of the Hospital purchased, of Mrs. Bar- clay and Mr. Rutgers, five acres of ground for the erection of a suitable edifice. A plan of a building having been procured by Dr. Jones, the foundation was laid the 27th of July, 1773; but on the 28th of February, 1775, when it was almost completed, the building accidentally took fire and was nearly consumed. By this misfortune the Society suffered the loss of seven thou- sand pounds, ($17,500;) and the execution of their benevolent plan would have been wholly frustrated, had not the Legislature, in March, 1775, granted them the sum of 4,000 pounds toward rebuilding the house and repairing the loss they had sustained. But the war of Independence, which commenced in the same year, prevented the completion of the edifice. During the war the building was occupied by British and Hessian soldiers as barracks, and occasionally as an hospital. The effects of the war on the condition of our city, and the general derangement of affairs, prevented any attention to the Institution for some years, and it was not until the 3d of January, 1791, that the house was in proper condition to receive patients, when eighteen were admitted. The annuity granted by the provincial Legislature ceased with the*commencement of hostilities between Great Britain and the colonies; but the Legislature of the State, on the 1st of March, 1788, directed eight hundred pounds, during four years, from the * By an act of the Legislature, passed March 9th, 1810, the name of the Cor- poration has been changed to that of “ The Society of the New- York Hospital.'' AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 77 1st February, 1188, to be paid out of the moneys arising from the excise in the city of New-York. The Legislature,'by a sub- sequent act, passed the 11th April, 1192, “ For the better support of the Hospital,” granted two thousand pounds a year, for five years, payable out of the city excise. Donations, liberal in amount in proportion to the limited wealth and numbers of the city in those days, were also obtained from private citizens. By an act passed the 31st of March, 1195, the Legislature repealed the act of the 11th April, 1192, as to future payments, and granted to the Hospital four thousand pounds ($10,000) annually, for five years, payable out of the duties on sales at public auction in the city of New-York. An additional sum of one thousand pounds ($2,500) a year, for four years, was granted 11th April, 1196, payable out of the same fund. On the 20th March, 1801, the annual allowance of $12,500 was continued for five years, from the 1st of February, 1800. On the 2d March, 1805, an act was passed continuing this sum for five years longer. In consequence of the representation of the Governors of the neces- sity of providing more suitable accommodation for insane patients, the Legislature, on the 14th of March, 1806, passed an act direct- ing the sum of $12,500 annually to be paid, out of the duties on sales at auction, to the Treasurer of the Hospital, in quarterly payments, until the year 1851; and the act of the 2d of March, 1805, was at the same time repealed. By an act passed the 30th March, 1191, for the establishment and support of a lazaretto, the masters and wardens of the port of New-York were authorized to receive from the masters, officers, seamen, and passengers of every vessel entering the port of New- York, a certain sum for each person, which was directed to be paid to the commissioners of the health office, for the relief of sick seamen and foreigners admitted into the lazaretto; and the sur- plus, if any, was directed to be paid to such seamen as might be patients in the Hospital. By an aet passed April 1st, 1196, for regulating the port of New-York, every Harbor-Master was directed to pay such fines as might be incurred under that act to the Treasurer of the New- York Hospital. Ail act passed April llth, 1822, exempted thereafter all the pro- perty, real and personal, of the New-York Hospital from taxation. By an arrangement between the Treasury Department of the United States and the Hospital, made in 1199, and since continued by subsequent arrangements, from time to time, with the Secretary 78 AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. of the Treasury, the sick and disabled seamen at the port of New- York are received into the Hospital, and enjoy all its advantages. The Collector of the Port, under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, pays, out of the Hospital money collected and received by him, for the board and maintenance bf such seamen, with medicine and other charges, at a regular stipu- lated price, which has never exceeded three dollars per week for each patient, although, in the gradual increase of prices of all articles of consumption, this sum lias, of late years, generally fallen short of the actual cost of support of such patients. The number allowed and paid for has often been limited by the Collector, according to the receipts from the funds at this port. The Governors, however, considering every seaman who has paid hospital money to the Collector of the United States as having a just claim on the government of the United States for hospital relief, have always, to the extent of their ability, admitted seamen beyond the number limited; trusting to the justice of the national Legislature for remuneration of the sums expended in the support of such seamen beyond the amount received from the Collector. Without the aid which has thus been afforded to them, many of this useful and meritorious, though often careless and improvident class of men, must have been abandoned, in disease and poverty, to the casual and precarious relief of common charity. A large and substantial building, erected on the southern part of the Hospital ground in 1806, for the-purpose of an Asylum for insane patients, being rendered useless for that object, in 1821, by the establishment of the large institution out of town, (as after- wards more fully stated,) the Governors, in 1825, thoroughly repaired and remodeled it as a hospital for seamen, devoted to that object under the name of the “Marine Department of the New- York Hospital.” The seamen received all the advantages of a separate establishment devoted to their use, and fitted to their peculiar wants, combined with the no less important advantages of the regular official superintendence and inspection’of the Gov- ernors of the Hospital, and the attendance of experienced and skillful physicians and surgeons employed in its duties. In 1840, the Governors, finding that, with the growth of the*city, any unusual occurrence of accidents or disease often overcrowded the wards of the main building, and that, besides, the variety of diseases and the difference of habits and characters of the patients made a more thorough separation of patients in different vmrds very desirable, determined upon erecting another edifice. This AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 79 was completed in 1841, being placed on the north side of the spacious grounds, and corresponding in general appearance with the Marine building. This building, erected at an expense of about $50,000, varying a good deal in its interior arrangements and construction from the other buildings, afforded great addi- tional accommodation, together with the means of such disposition of the wards and division of the patients as might conduce to their recovery or comfort. During the same period, another stone outbuilding was fitted up for post viortem examinations, for the delivery of lectures on such examinations, and for the purposes of medical instruction, affording also accommodation for the Coroner and his jury on the frequent occasion of their service on deaths at the Hospital arising from accident. The large centre hospital edifice was originally constructed on a plan which is, in its general disposition, probably the very best that can be desired for a hospital in a single building ; but, like all the best hospitals in Europe and America of that or prior date of construction, it was deficient in many of the minor yet important arrangements so conducive to the comfort and health of the patients. These defects were gradually remedied by vari- ous alterations, and especially by the enlargement of the projec- tion of the north and south wings, for places for baths, water- closets, and nurses’ rooms, adjoining to each large ward ; and in 1843, the Croton water having been introduced throughout this city, the Governors were enabled, by means of a liberal arrangement with the City Corporation, to add largely to the comfort as well as the economy of the whole establishment, and especially of the original hospital building, by an abundant and constant supply of this excellent water throughout the wards for hot and cold bathing, and every other purpose of comfort and cleanliness. This was effected at a large expenditure, but in the most substan- tial and convenient manner, most amply repaying the pecuniary cost, even in the economical arrangements of the establishments, and above all estimate in its usefulness for the sanitary condition of the Hospital. The main hospital edifice had originally been warmed by open fireplaces with wood fires. With some advantages on the score of ventilation, these were found to have great counterbalancing inconveniences in the labor of attendance, the largely increasing cost of wood as the wilderness retired farther and farther from the city, in smoky chimneys, and troublesome currents of cold air. 80 AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. Stoves were first substituted, and next, in 1829, furnaces of the construction then most approved ; but between 1844 and 1850, partly from the essential defects of the furnaces then in use, partly from the steady increase of surgical cases, not only in proportion to others but in actual number, and still more from the greater prevalence of ship-fever or the European typhus, and perhaps (to use the language of an eminent surgeon*) “to other causes which at present can neither be analyzed nor detected, the atmo- sphere of the house had a growing tendency to deterioration. The severer forms of erysipelas became more common ; the con- valescence of patients after surgical operations was neither so rapid nor so certain as might have been expected, until in 1849 hospital gangrene, one of the most serious pests of the old and crowded infirmaries of Europe, declared itself for the first time among the inmates of the New-York Hospital.” A Committee of the Governors, consisting of Messrs. Wm. Halsted, John A. Stevens, George T. Trimble, Benj. Swan, Frederick Sheldon, and George Newbold, was immediately ap- pointed to inquire into the causes of this alarming change, and, in association with the Physicians and Surgeons of the Institu- tion, to submit some plan for the improvement of the Hospital edifices with reference to the prevention of this evil. The subject was deliberately and laboriously examined, not only with all the aid of books and theoretical science, but also with the advice of scientific and practical men. After deliberate examination, the Committee reported that mere ventilation, however well devised, independent of other measures, offers no sufficient remedy against the evils in question; and that to put an effectual check upon them, would involve a thorough revision of the internal arrangements of the buildings. In reference to a downward ventilation, they remark that this plan, though sufficiently effectual for temperature merely, and, perhaps, the best for the heating of institutions where econ- omy of fuel is of primary importance, is at present condemned by the most competent authorities in its application to hospitals. The exhalations from the sick naturally seek the highest level ; but by this mode of ventilation they are forced reluctantly to de- scend, and in so doing they are drawn, again and again, into the lungs of the patients, and more frequently by such of them * Dr. John Watson, Lecture on Thermal Ventilation, New-York, 1855. AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 81 as lie prostrate upon their backs near the level of the floor, than by the less feeble, who are able to walk about. The experience of the past winter, they say, has sufficiently demonstrated, that with the present system of drawing off the foul air, a healthy at- mosphere cannot be maintained without the aid of collateral ventilation, and the admission of cold air throug’h the windows. In the adoption of any new plan, it may still be inexpedient wholly to prevent the transit of cool air. But the cooling effect of windows moderately tight is owing mainly to another cause, namely, to the direct loss of heat through the glass by conduction. Most of the heat thrown into the rooms is lost in this way. The warm air impinging on the cool glass is suddenly condensed near the top of the windows and precipitated down- ward to the floor, and in its descent falls in strong currents upon the patients lying- near the windows, with their heads toward the wall. In regard to the actual accommodations of the house, they remark, that with the existing means of ventilation for the win- ter season, the number of patients admitted has been greater than a due regard to the welfare of the sick would sanction. The number of healthy individuals that may be accommodated dpring the night, within a given space, with impunity from con- fined air, is no criterion for hospital accommodations, where the sick are confined both night and day, and where unwholesome exhalations are continually rising from their bodies and mingling with the atmosphere of their apartments. The effluvia from the bodies of the sick, and the animal matter from their breath, are, in time, condensed along the windows and around the cooler parts of the room, settling upon and intimately combining with the walls and fixtures, so as to be wholly incapable of removal by ventilation ; and when allowed to accumulate, although incapa- ble of detection by sight or smell, they may, nevertheless, prove a prolific source of disease to the inmates. The more crowded these apartments, the greater the number of offensive patients under treatment, and the cooler and damper the weather, the more rapid will be the accumulation of these offensive deposits, and the greater need of attending to every expedient for their prevention or removal. • After an exposition of the general condition of the houses, they recommended that in the main house the dry air furnaces and downward system of ventilation be abandoned, and some more effectual method of heating and ventilation be substituted, 82 AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. to apply to every part of the building, as well as to the wards ; that all parts of the house be kept, as nearly as possible, at the same temperature ; and that the ventilation of the sick-rooms be so devised as to withdraw the foul air at numerous points along the upper as well as lower parts of the rooms ; that the beds in the several wards be so arranged as to stand entirely free from the -walls ; that the number of them, unless new accommodations can be provided, be diminished ; that every annoyance in con- nection with the bathing-rooms be obviated ; that some means be provided for relieving the wards from the fixtures and furni- ture of an eating-room ; that a proper eating-room, and conva- lescent-room, be provided in connection with each of the large wards ; and that every patient whose disease renders him an object of offense to others, or whose case requires seclusion, be provided with a small room in some portion of the building by himself. After submitting these suggestions in their first report, the Committee, by order of the Board, were instructed to continue their investigations, and to prepare plans and estimates for carry- ing their various suggestions into effect. In compliance with this order, three of the Committee, with some of the medical officers of the Institution, were deputed ,to inquire into the practical application of such sanitary arrange- ments as had recently been introduced into the hospitals and lu- natic asylums of Trenton, Philadelphia, and Boston. In this tour of observation much attention was given to the different systems of thermal ventilation, by dry air furnaces, by water furnaces, and by the steam apparatus, as well as to the different modes of ventilation by the ascending and descending current. With respect to these two movements, the result of a careful inquiry was, that, other things being equal, the rooms in which the upward current was adopted were invariably better aired and less offensive, than those in which the downward cur- rent existed ; and that among the latter, the more complicated the apparatus, the more circuitous the movement, and the farther downward the descending current was carried, the less efficient it became for removing the foul smell from the apartments. In a second report the Committee State, that their inquiries had furnished them with facts sufficient to enable them to ap- preciate the worth, and to decide upon the necessity, of most of the measures of improvement which had already been submitted. Without entering into a minute account of the several institu- AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-Y0RK HOSPITAL. 83 tions which they had visited, they remark, that the new arrange- ments for the heating and ventilation of these institutions, and the alterations which they have undergone, are on a scale of en- lightened liberality hitherto unknown in the charitable institu- tions of this country ; and that in such of them as have been constructed or remodeled within the past few years, the old plan of heating by dry air furnaces has been entirely abandoned. The fact, that the new system of heating by steam had been received with greater favor than that by simple hot water, even in the institutions in which this latter had already been partially adopted, induced the Committee to examine it with much atten. tion. It is capable of being managed with perfect safety ; it is more efficient in large buildings than the simple hot water ap- paratus ; it obviates the necessity of numerous furnaces in differ- ent parts of the basement. It can be brought into full operation with much greater speed than the hot water apparatus ; it can be turned to a greater variety of uses, as, in aid of ventilation, in the heating of water for baths, for cooking, and for the laun- dry. It can be worked with much less labor and expense, after the first outlay for fixtures, and with less risk of vitiating the air by the escape of gasses from the fires ; and by having the fur- naces beyond the walls of the building, it guards more effectually against the admission of dust and dirt than any other apparatus. Being convinced of the advantages of the steam apparatus, and satisfied that the suggestions for the general renovation of the Hospital, as presented by the Physicians and Surgeons, and embodied in the first report, were practical and judicious ; and that, if carried out, they could not fail to add greatly to the con- veniences of the Institution; and after having consulted me- chanics, and obtained the necessary drawings and estimates, the Committee submitted to the Board of Glovernors their plan of im- provements, which plan was adopted by the Board, and carried into effect. Its chief characteristics are the following : A very thorough system, on the principles above stated, for the admission and ventilation of pure air, by means of lofty ex- ternal air-shafts on the Hospital grounds, was introduced, together with very effective arrangements for drawing off the vitiated air. A supply of air heated by steam-pipes was provided, capable of raising the temperature of the wards to 68° Fahrenheit, at any state of the weather externally, and to keep up such a tem- perature throughout the severest winter. The wards were en- 84 AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK. HOSPITAL. larged by throwing the smaller wards, with the passages, into single larger ones ; spacious enclosed piazzas were added on the north and south end, communicating with the wards, and giving to each an eating-room out of the ward where patients sleep, and also sitting-rooms for convalescents, with closets for cloth- ing, etc. Provision was also made for a spacious room for the nurses to each ward. Ample supplies of hot and cold water for baths and all other purposes were provided. The opportunity was also embraced to introduce many other minor arrangements, useful and effective in their objects, for saving of labor, increasing the cleanliness, efficiency, and economy of the kitchen, and in various ways adding to the comfort of the pa- tients. The system of warming and ventilating requiring an additional external building, a spacious low stone building was erected on Church-street, which, while it was large enough for supplying any additional force of the kind needed for similar supplies to buildings to be erected afterwards, also contained a large laundry, with all those arrangements by machinery, steam, and otherwise, which have been invented in late years for the convenience and economy of washing in large public establish- ments. All these improvements were completed in the autumn of 1850, at a cost of above $50,000. Since then, the original central building has been much im- proved externally, both in architectural character as well as con- venience, by a massive stone portico in place of the former porch and steps. This was erected at the private cost of one of the Governors. In 1801, an agreement was made between the New-York Hos- pital and the Governors of the Lying-in Hospital, by which the existing funds of the latter were to be paid to the use of the former Institution, on condition that a lying-in ward should be established ; and a suitable ward for that purpose was according- ly fitted up, and opened for the reception of patients. This con- tinued in operation for above twenty years, and doubtless in many respects fulfilled the benevolent intentions of the founders of this charity. But various inconveniences having been found to arise from its connection with the Hospital, it was finally deter- mined to close the ward, and relinquish the fund, which might be more beneficially employed elsewhere. This was done with the full concurrence of the officers of the Lying-in Hospital, Much additional room was now gained for patients by these improvements in the main building, besides the immense sanitary AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 85 advantages thus obtained. The latter were soon evident in the results of the daily practice of the house, when under the same or nearly the same surgical and medical attendance, as was marked by a gratifying change in the improved ratio of cures and diminished proportion of deaths. The improved wards, though generally filled with cases of the severer forms of disease or injury, were now quite exempt from the evils or- dinarily arising in hospitals from vitiated or infectious air. But in spite of these increased and more efficacious means of relief, they were soon found to fall short of meeting adequately the constantly increasing and urgent claims for hospital aid arising from the rapid growth of the city, the immense and continued influx of 'strangers, and the augmented navigation of the port. In 1851 and 1852 the number of admissions was more than double those of twenty years before, while the cases were generally of a severer character ; slighter injuries and maladies, formerly ad- mitted, being now left to the care of the excellent out-door relief afforded by the dispensaries. The Marine Hospital, though a substantial building, having been originally constructed for other objects and afterwards al- tered, long before that knowledge of hospital construction which has been acquired by the experience of later years, was imperfectly adapted to its present use, and was, besides, constructed with so little economy of room as hardly to justify the mere remodeling of its interior, as had been done in the older and larger building. The Governors, satisfied that the most efficient and economical mode of providing for the growing wants of diseased seamen and others having similar claims on public assistance, was to en- large their own Institution, determined to substitute to this small and incommodious building a hospital edifice of the first class, calculated to receive at least two hundred patients, or even more in ‘case of emergency. To effect this object, (as well as others in relation to the Bloomingdale Asylum, as mentioned subsequently,) the Govern- ors determined to appeal to the liberality of their fellow-citizens. They accordingly prepared an address setting forth the claims for increased hospital accomodation now pressing upon them, the history, plan of management, operations of the establish- ments under their charge, and the great amount of good which might be effected, by comparatively moderate means, by the en- largement of the Hospital and Asylum. The appeal was liberally responded to by many, so that, in the beginning of 1853, the 86 AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. necessary plans, arrangements, and contracts were made for a very spacious three-story stone building on the site of the former Marine Hospital. It was completed and opened in April, 1855, and presents one of the most perfect specimens of hospital archi- tecture which its location would admit. In its supply of water, baths, water-closets, the height and spaciousness of apartments, its ventilation, warmth, and all other important points of hospital architecture, it has probably no superior. The principles of thermo-ventilation and sanitary construction, recommended and applied as to the remodeled central building, were here fully car- ried out. Some details of its plan and construction will be found in the concluding pages of this narrative. The cost, including that of furniture and fixtures of all sorts, amounted to $140,103 92. Upon the recommendation of the medical faculty of Columbia College, the Governors of the Hospital, in August, 1196, appro- priated the sum of five hundred dollars toward the purchase of a Medical Library; to which the members of that faculty contri- buted books from their private libraries, and part of their fees of public instruction. An hospital library was thus instituted, which was further augmented by the purchase of the medical library of the late Dr. Romayne in 1800, and by the accession, in 1805, of the library of a private association of physicians, then called “ The Medical Society of New-York,” who gave their books, on condition that they and such of their sons as should become prac- titioners of medicine in the city of New-York, should have free use of the Hospital Library. In 1805 the Governors appro- priated the annual sum of two hundred and fifty dollars for the purchase of books ; and other larger additions were afterwards made to it by special purchases from time to time, among which was the valuable Botanical Library of Dr. Hosack, bought by the Hospital. For some years past there have been appropriated for the support and increase of this library all the proceeds arising from the sale of tickets to students of medicine, which permit them to see the practice of the house, to attend the clinical instruction, and to take books from the library. The moneys thus accruing were appropriated to the purchase of medical and scientific publica- tions selected by the Library Committee, to the payment of the Librarian’s salary, binding, and other contingencies. The annual ordinary expenditures and receipts on account of the purchase of books, have been from five to eight hundred dollars. Some valuable donations of books have been also re- ceived at various times. AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 87 The library now consists of more than six thousand volumes) confined entirely to medicine and surgery, and those collateral branches of science (as chemistry, botany, etc.) specially con- nected with the healing art. It is believed to be as useful and complete in this department as such a library can be made in that number of volumes, and contains many of the most splendid and costly works on anatomy and natural history. This collection is kept in the large hospital building, in two spacious apartments, one above the other, communicating by a central spiral staircase, the lower room being used as a reading and consultation chamber. Though exceedingly useful and respectable as a mere hospital library, the Governors have thought that it might be made, by public or private liberality, a collection in its limited and special sphere still more creditable to the city as well as more useful to science. They have more than once observed in their annual report that “ this collection forms an admirable basis of a very perfect library of the special departments of human knowledge to which it is devoted. A moderate but permanent enlargement of the library income from public or private liberality, annually applied, would soon form a library of medical, chemical, and other col- lateral learning, most honorable to the State, and of inestimable value to the study and advancement of science.” This Library is governed by a committee of three Governors, one Physician, and one Surgeon, and is under the charge of a Librarian. About 1840, the commencement of a pathological cabinet was made. It was formed from the more remarkable cases of morbid anatomy occurring in the practice of the Hospital, and it increased rapidly in extent, curiosity, and value for purposes of science and instruction. It was deposited in a suitable and convenient apartment, fitted up for it in one of the out-buildings, and was placed under the immediate care of a Curator, and the govern- ment and inspection of the Cabinet Committee, consisting of one Governor, one Physician, and one Surgeon. This cabinet has now become extensive and valuable, having been annually in- creased from the practice of the house by well preserved speci- mens of actual morbid anatomy, casts and drawings of the same sort, besides paintings, prints, etc. It has also derived some ac- cessions from other sources. The Curator is always a graduate of medicine, and the gentlemen who have successively filled that office have left honorable memorials in the cabinet of the zeal, skill, and science that they have displayed in its service. In 88 AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 1856, the new buildings, and an alteration of the street-line ad- joining the hospital ground, making necessary various changes in the out-buildings, a roomy stone building, originally erected for a wash-house and other such purposes, and afterward used as an out-ward, was fitted up to contain the pathological cabinet, where it is now arranged to great advantage for all the purposes of scientific curiosity and professional instruction. An apartment in the upper story of the main Hospital had originally been fitted up as an operating-room or theatre for sur- gical operations before the students attending the practice of the house, but being found too small and incommodious for the in- creased number of students attending the several medical schools of this city, a new and more commodious-and well-lighted semi- circular theatre, exceedingly well adapted for the purposes of such practical surgical instruction, was fitted up in the north end of the old Hospital. Another excellent surgical amphitheatre has also been pro- vided in the New or South Hospital, for operations which could take place more conveniently in that building, when the patient was in any of its wards. Clinical instruction, both medical and surgical, has long been regularly given on the cases arising in the practice of the house, to the medical students admitted to attend. This has been found here, as in other great cities, the most valuable adjunct to the public instruction of teachers in the medical schools, and the officers of the Hospital have been long zealous to make this branch of instruction commensurate with the advance of medical knowledge, and the increased demand for higher professional education. % The present Physicians and Surgeons, as well as their imme- diate predecessors, have spared no pains to render the Institution under their charge effective to this end, by furnishing students with every facility for acquiring a practical knowledge of the nature and treatment of disease. The means of practical improvement in the healing art which have been, for some years past, thrown open to the student, are thus stated by a writer distinguished alike for his practical skill and his valuable contributions to the science and learning of his profession :* * Dr. John H. Watson, “Lecture on Practical Education in Medicine.” New-York Journal of Medicine, 1847. AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 89 “ In pursuance of this object, the wards of the Hospital are visited at stated hours; and during these daily visits the students have access to all the cases, excepting only such as are likely to be injured by fatiguing examinations and inquiries. Clinical re- marks are daily made in the wards, and for fuller expositions of important cases each student can have access to the Hospital Case-Books. Several series of clinical lectures on the details of hospital service are every year delivered in the Hospital theatre, illustrating most of the important points of pathology and thera- peutics. “ The students are kept informed of the results of the numerous consultations of the Physicians and Surgeons, and now and then are admitted to attend them. They have the use of a valuable library, rich in every department of medical lore, and they are furnished with opportunities for prosecuting the study of patho- logical anatomy by the inspection of the pathological cabinet, and by attending post mortem examinations. Finally, several of the Physicians and Surgeons on duty are in the habit, at seasons when the colleges are not in session, of delivering every year associated courses of lectures on most of the specialties of medi- cine and surgery, and of illustrating these lectures by models, drawings, and pathological preparations, as well as by frequent reference to cases under treatment in their wards.” The learned lecturer, in impressing upon his hearers the value of practical education to the medical student, and the danger of trusting too much to books alone, observes that “ under this convic- tion, it has been the practice of the Physicians and Surgeons on duty here to allow the students to accompany them through t]|e wards, to expl ain the cases, and to give brief and unstudied, though practical and highly useful expositions of disease at the bedside, There are at this moment practitioners in every part of the Union who can look back upon the familiar and unceremonious lessons there listened to with the liveliest recollections, and with the full conviction of having derived greater benefit from them than from all the abstract discourses on the theory of medicine they have ever heard.” These useful and informal bedside discourses are still continued. Cherishing the memory of many names distinguished for bene- volence and talent who have formerly served the Institution as its Presidents, Physicians, or Surgeons, the Governors have taken pleasure in adorning the room in which the monthly meetings are held with the portraits of many of these eminent men. That 90 AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. room now presents a collection of portraits by Jarvis, Sully, Peale, Dunlap, Inman, Ingham, Hicks, Elliot, and other eminent artists of the last and present generation, full of the most inte- resting recollections of public service and professional eminence. The Hospital, since his foundation, has been administered by a long succession of physicians and surgeons, all of them perfectly competent in skill, learning, and faithful discharge of laborious duties; many of them of distinguished ability, who have left last- ing names in the history of their science. They are thus spoken of by the Senior Physician of this Hospital, also known and dis- tinguished as the oldest, and one of the ablest teachers of medical science in this State :* “Among the names which are inseparably associated with the foundation of this Hospital, are those of Drs. Bard, Middleton, Jones, and Treat; men not less distinguished in their day for learning, experience, and liberality, than those who have followed them, in a long succession, in the places they here once occupied. “ The works of Dr. Edward Miller, who was declared by Dr. Rush to be second to no physician in our country, and of Dr. Hosack, the erudite and eloquent teacher of medicine, are alone sufficient to illustrate the character of the men whom the Governors have ever aimed to secure the services of, and to honor.” This is not the place to speak of the merits of the living physicians who still serve the Institution, but wm may add to the above list, among the dead, the names of Dr. S. L. Mit- chell, who will have an enduring name as the pioneer of natural science in the United States; and the late Dr. John A. Swett, \#iose clinical lectures on the “ Diseases of the Chest,” first deliv- ered in this Hospital, are regarded “ as a work which should be studied by every medical pupil, and which should adorn every medical library.” The learned physician above quoted thus notices some of the incidents of the surgical practice which have illustrated the his- tory of the Hospital, and pays a just tribute to the merits of some of the former surgeons : “ It will be to the future historian of this Institution a grate- ful task, to estimate the positive and comparative merits of those * Dr. Joseph M. Smith, Senior Physician of the New-York Hospital and Pro- fessor of Theory and Practice of Medicine in the New-York College of Physicians and Surgeons: “ Address on the Inauguration of the new South Building of the New-York Hospital, 1855.” AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 91 who have acquired renown in this field of labor. Without any design to enter into an investigation of this sort, I shall merely glance at some of the more prominent professional achievements of which the registers of this Hospital afford numerous instances, and of which it may be justly proud. “ The more striking examples of rare and original modes of practice have occurred in the department of surgery. There has been no case admitted into the house, warranting and requiring an operation, however formidable, which has not here found a surgeon qualified by his knowledge, his eye, and heart, and hand, for its performance. Operations, of which there were few or no precedents, and so unpromising in their results as scarcely to justify their performance or repetition, have been executed with a skill that elevated the operator to the level of those enjoying the highest European reputation. “ The first repetition, and with a favorable result, on this side of the Atlantic, of the bold, original, and successful operation of Sir Astley Cooper, of tying tho common carotid artery for aneur- ism, performed by that celebrated surgeon in 1801, was, in this Hospital, on the 1th of January, 1813, by the late Dr. Wright Post. The case is recorded with great minuteness of detail in the fourth volume of the American Medical and Philosophical Register, published in this city in 1814, and is the more interesting, as it contributed to establish certain physiological and practical prin- ciples of the highest interest. The same distinguished anatomist and surgeon, in 1811, tied the right subclavian artery, for brachial aneurism, above the clavicle. The case recovered, and was the first of the kind in which that operation had been successful.* In these, as well as in all the various operations of Dr. Post, his accurate knowledge, his correct judgment, his deliberate, cautious, and delicate manner, were striking to every observer, and won for him a position more exalted in the profession than any one, since his death, has had the good fortune exclusively to occupy. “ In the same wards and the same theatre of this Hospital in which Dr. Post acquired his never-fading laurels, Dr. Mott, now one of the most eminent of living medical men, commenced his brilliant career in the walks of surgery. “To the tadus eruditus and dexterous skill of his distinguished contemporary, he has added the rare merit of originality in ope- * See Transactions of the Physico-Medical Society of New-York, Yol. I, 1817. 92 AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. rative surgery. In this remark I feel myself warranted by his operation on the arteria innominata. The subject of the case was a man aged 51, a native American, and by occupation a seaman. He was admitted into the Hospital on the 1st of March, 1818, thirty- seven years ago. The operation was performed on the 11th of the following May, and consisted in securing in a ligature the arteria innominata for aneurism, and was the first ever performed for that affection. Though the patient eventually died from the conse- quences of the disease, the operation afforded a precedent which had been followed by other surgeons, and which will ever be associated with the name of Mott and the Institution in which it was performed. In concluding his reflections on the case, Dr. Mott says: ‘ the practicability and propriety of the operation appear to me to be satisfactorily established by this case; and although I feel a regret, that none know who have not performed surgical operations, in the fatal termination of it, and especially after the high and just expectations of recovery which it exhibited, yet I am happy in the reflection, as it is the only time it has ever been performed, that it is the bearer of a message to surgery contain- ing new and important results.’ “ There are other examples, in the practice of this Hospital, on record, which have been regarded as brilliant triumphs in ope- rative surgery. Of these, the one which, perhaps, in point of origin- ality and mode of execution, has not been surpassed, is that of the late Dr. John Kearny Rodgers, in which the left subclavian artery was tied, for aneurism, on the inner side of the scaleni muscles. This operation was performed on the 14th of October, 1845, and was witnessed by a crowd of his professional brethren with pro- found interest; and its successful completion at the time, and its subsequent history, notwithstanding the death of the patient on the 15th day after the operation, placed the operator in the fore- most rank of modern surgeons.* The talent and ingenuity of Dr. Rodgers was also displayed in first suggesting and using wire, after White’s operation, for ununited fractures, as a means of keeping the ends of the bones in apposition, a mode of treatment since adopted by eminent practitioners.” Dr. Smith, among other contributions to the advancement of medical science which have arisen out of the practice and instruc- * The attempt of Sir Astley Cooper, the first ever made, to tie the left sub- clavian artery within the scaleni muscles, is said by Dr. Mott to have failed “for want of the improved American artery instruments.” ( Travels in Europe and the East.) , AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 93 tion of the New-York Hospital, also refers to “the admirable clinical lectures of Dr. Alex. H. Stevens, on the Primary Treat- ment of Injuries, and on Lithotomy, the former published in 1831 and the latter in 1838.” He also, in alluding to recent improvements in operative or medical surgery, in the practice of the surgical wards, refers more particularly “to the successful introduction of scarification as a means of relief in cases of oedematous laryngitis, by Dr. Gurdon Buck. Though this mode of treatment had been previously suggested and practiced by Lisfranc, the idea of it seems to have been equally original with Dr. Buck; and it is to him is due the honor of being the chief founder of the practice. Several of the first cases in which he operated occurred in the wards of this Hospital, in 1841 and 1848; and the history of them, together with drawings illustrating the forms of the disease and the instruments used in the operation, were presented to the American Medical Association at Baltimore, in May 1848, and were published in its Transactions. The operation has now taken a place among the resources of art in the management of a formidable disease.” This Hospital has never been used to supply, in any degree, the place of a poor-house or infirmary for the merely destitute. It was from the first devoted to the reception and care of pa- tients whose cases, in the judgment of the attending physicians, admitted of a reasonable expectation either of cure or of some substantial relief. The only exception to this rule, but which has of late years become a very frequent one, is, that persons receiv- ing any sudden injuries, such as constantly occur in a populous city, as by fire, explosion, falls from buildings or vessels, railroad or steamboat accidents, affrays, or similar casualties, are always received at all hours, whatever may be their condition. There are three several classes of persons received:—1st. Those without means of payment, who are received according to the judgment of a committee on their several cases. These patients, supported gratuitously, constitute an average of about 40 per cent, of the whole number under treatment. 2d. Seamen paid for, in whole or in part, from the hospital money paid under the laws of the United States. The experience of many years has proved that a larger number of this valuable class of citizens can be thus received with a greater degree of comfort, and with superior at- tendance, and medical and surgical aid of a higher class, than the same aggregate expense could obtain for them if applied in any other way. 3d. Pay patients; these are received at a rate scarcely 94 AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. sufficient to repay the mere expense of support, so that thus the best medical and surgical skill, equal to any which the wealth- iest citizens can command, is placed within the reach of many who, though not in the situation of paupers, would find their limited means soon exhausted by paid professional services. Mutual benefit clubs, benevolent societies, and similar associations, con- stantly avail themselves largely of these advantages. In both of these two last named classes, the benefits of this Hospital have been largely diffused far beyond the bounds of the city or even of the State. Seamen from all parts of the Union, hav- ing paid hospital money at any port, have always filled the wards of the Marine Department; while patients suffering under dis- eases requiring peculiar skill or care, (especially those of a sur- gical nature,) such as they could not find near them, continually resort to this establishment from distant places. From the 1st February, 1192, shortly after the re-opening of the Hospital, to 1st January, 1856, 106,111 patients have been received, of whom 11,390 have been discharged cured, and 4,168 as relieved. Out of the 106,111 received, 10,893 have died, among which are included a considerable number in each year, and in late years above a hundred and fifty every year, brought in, in a dying state, from casualities in the city. Thus 82,058 persons have been cured or relieved, out of 106,111 who received the bene- fits of the Institution. But in later years, since the improved hos- pital arrangements as to water, warmth, air, etc., have added their efficient aid to medical skill, the proportion of deaths is much less than that indicated by the above aggregates. Deducting cases of casualities when the persons brought in were in a hopeless state, and died within a few hours, the ratio of deaths in 1853 was 5Ty„, in 1854, it was 5TW, and in 1855, per cent. The number of patients admitted rose gradually with the growth of the city, from 566 in 1191 to 1,031 in 1821, then it annually augmented to 1,810 in 1831, and to 2,000 in 1841. During the next ten years the progress was still more rapid, until it reached 3,115 in 1851. During the five years ending on 1st Janu- ary, 1856, there were 16,948 admissions, or (including the patients remaining at the end of each year') an annual average of about 3,880 patients who received the benefits of the New-York Hospital in those years. Of the several classes of patients above enumerated, during the last five years about one-fourth, or from 22 up to 21 per cent, annually, have been persons paid for by themselves or their AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 95 friends; more than a third, or from 83 to above 40 per cent, annually have been supported gratuitously. The remainder have been sea- men, received under the arrangement with the United States Treasury Department. The position of the Hospital, in the centre of active business, in the vicinity of the shipping, and near the termination of rail- roads, renders it the most convenient and great point of resort for relief for surgical cases, as well for strangers as residents. Many of these are sufferers from sudden accidents, from fires, wounds, falls, injuries on board river or ocean vessels in port, or on railroads. In consequence of this location and of the increased business throng of the city, the surgical cases at this Hospital have regularly and rapidly increased, both in number and in their proportion to those from other disease. Thus the New-York Hospital has now become the most exten- sive school of surgical practice in this country. The comparative statistics of the medical and surgical departments for the several past years present a striking evidence of the remark just made as to these classes of patients. In 1854 the proportion of surgical cases to medical was as 19£ to IT, which doubled the average of earlier years. But of the cases under hospital treatment in 1855, there were 1,789 surgical to 1,224 medical, or nearly one-third more surgical. Of the surgical cases, 830 arose from sudden casualities, three-fourths of them occurring in the part of the city below Broome-street. Many others were from accidents on the railroads terminating in the city. As there then existed no Institution in the State for the re- ception and cure of the insane, the Governors at an early period appropriated apartments in the Hospital for patients of that de- scription; but as the building was not designed for that purpose, the accommodations were found to be extremely inconvenient and inadequate ; and the applications for the admission of insane per- sons constantly increasing, it was resolved in 1806, that if the Legislature would lend its aid for that purpose, by further con- tribution or by giving greater permanence to the existing allow- ance, to erect a separate building, to be exclusively appropriated to the reception of that unfortunate class. An application was accordingly made to the Legislature, who passed an act on the 14th March, 1806, continuing an annual pro- vision for the Hospital, payable out of the duties on sales at auc- tion in the city of New-York, until the year 185T. The Governors immediately proceeded to lay the foundation of the proposed 96 AN ACCOUNT OP THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. edifice, denominated the “ Lunatic Asylumon their grounds in the city, which was completed so as to be opened for the reception of patients on the 15th July, 1808, when nineteen were removed from the other building, and forty-eight more admitted, making the whole sixty-seven. To assist the Governors to discharge the debts contracted in building the Asylum, the Legislature, by an act passed the 23d of March, 1801, granted to the Hospital the sum of $3,500 per annum for ten years, payable quarterly, out of the duties on goods sold at auction in the city of New-York. But by the fifth section of “the act respecting a navigable communication between the great western and northern lakes and the Atlantic Ocean,” passed the 15th of April, 1817, the Hospital was deprived of this allowance, the whole amount of the auction duties being then appropriated to the canal fund. In 1815, in consequence of a communication to the Govern- ors of the Hospital from one of the Board, the late venerable and philanthropic Thomas Eddy, showing the advantages that might be produced by introducing a course of moral treatment for the insane patients more extensive than had hitherto been practised in this country, and similar to that pursued at “ The Retreat,” near York in England, and proposing that a considerable tract of land near the city should be purchased, and suitable buildings erected for the purpose ;* a committee was appointed to con- sider of the plan proposed, and to report their opinion thereon. This Committee, having approved of the plan and recommended its adoption, the Governors resolved to carry it into effect, if they could obtain aid from the Legislature. Application having been made for that purpose, an act was passed the 11th April, 1816, granting to the Hospital the yearly sum of $10,000, until the year 1851, to enable the Governors to erect further and more ex- tensive accommodations for insane patients. Thirty-nine acres of land on the Harlem Heights, about seven miles from the city, were accordingly purchased, at $240 per acre, as a site for the proposed Institution. The distance being thought by some to be greater than was desirable, twenty acres of ground on the East River, two miles nearer the settled parts of the city, were pur- chased ; but after more particular examination, it was found not * The Governors directed a number of copies of this communication to be printed, and this pamphlet is memorable as being probably the earliest, certain- ly among the first and more efficient efforts for the medical improvement of the system of the care and cure of the insane in the United States. AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 97 well adapted to the plan contemplated, and was sold at a profit of two thousand dollars. After again inspecting different places on Manhattan Island, and on the opposite side of the East River, which were supposed to afford suitable situations for such an es- tablishment, it was determined, on a comparison of them with the one already purchased at Harlem, that the latter was, on the whole, preferable. On exploring the ground, however, for the purpose of laying the foundation of the intended building, the soil was discovered to be generally wet, covering a stratum of hard granite, lying about two feet below the surface ; it was, therefore, deemed unfit for the purpose. Another piece of ground, not far from the same spot and nearer to the Hudson, con- taining about twenty-six acres, fronting on the Blocmivgdalc Roadt near the (then) seven-mile stone, after being thoroughly explored, was found to be remarkably dry and pleasant, and, from its ele- vated situation, affording an extensive and delightful view of the river and the adjacent country. This place was purchased at five hundred dollars per acre, and some small pieces of ground ad- joining have since been bought, making in all about eighty acres. The ground as originally bought, like other old farms on the island, did not correspond with the streets and avenues as laid out by the commissioners in 1803, and to which all the subsequent buildings and improvements of the city and county have con- formed. The Asylum grounds on the north side, throughout their whole length, had a narrow irregular strip of from 20 to 100 feet thus lying between them and the next (120th) street. This was of some present inconvenience, but was likely to prove a more serious evil whenever that street should be opened, forming numerous shallow lots, likely to be occupied by tenants who might prove an annoyance to the inmates of the Asylum. From this the Asylum was relieved by the liberality of Jonathan Cod- dington, the owner of that and other contiguous land, who in 1853 generously conveyed the whole strip to the Governors of the Hospital, thus both enlarging the grounds by a useful addition, and giving an extensive north front on the street line to the whole Asylum farm. • This donation, while of immediate utility and convenience, is of great prospective value to the whole pro- perty, regarding the future growth of the city, and the rise of real estate in what is still the rural portion of the island of Man- hattan. On this farm the corner-stone of a building for the accommo- dation of insane patients was laid on the 1th day of May, 1818. 98 AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. From the various plans of an edifice which were laid before them, the Governors selected one that appeared to be the most eligible; but on further consideration it was laid aside, as being far too expensive, and not perfectly calculated to carry into effect the design of the proposed establishment. At the request of the Governors, several plans were drawn by a member of the Board, (Thomas C. Taylor, architect,) one of which, judged to be the most consonant to their views, was adopted. This plan com- prehends a centre building, and is 211 feet in length and 60 deep, with two wings, each placed at a distance from the princi- pal building. Toward the close of the year 1820, the main edifice was com- pleted, and was opened for the accommodation of patients in the month of June, 1821, when it received the name of the “Bloom- ingdale Asylum.” In 1830 a wing, wholly detached from the main building, and used for more violent insane male patients, was added; and in 183T an additional building was erected for the use of the females of the same class, at an expense of near $20,000; making the cost of all the buildings and improvements, up to the 1st of January, 1839, about $200,000 dollars, including bedding, furniture, and other things necessary for the accommo- dation of its inmates. Various improvements were made from time to time in the grounds and buildings, in providing means of exercise and amuse- ment to patients, from 1845 to 1851. Among other such improve- ments, a spacious and commodious house was erected for the sepa- rate accommodation of the Physician, who had before been lodged in apartments in the main building. But the Governors for some time felt, that while the increase of patients demanded more room, such addition should not be restricted to a mere ex- tension of the buildings, with more chambers and apartments, but should also be so constructed as to give the means of still more perfect classification, and of shutting out entirely from convales- cents, and patients of calm and orderly habits, the annoyances of other classes, which in some degree reached them, though in sepa- rate buildings. It was also desired to provide for more liberty and room for exercise and occupation for the noisy and excitable. Means placed at the disposal of the Board by private citizens in 1853 and 1854, warranted their undertaking these desired im- provements, which were completed during the year 1854. The additions consist of two spacious two-story brick buildings, spe- cially constructed with reference to the above-mentioned object AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 99 of classification, and the consequent relief of convalescents and orderly patients, by entire separation of the violent, noisy, or of mischievous cases. They are built throughout on the most generally approved plans, which the experience of the last thirty years in this and other Institutions for the insane has pointed out for the reception of such patients. They, with other improvements, add much com- fort and cheerfulness to the other parts of the establishment. The cost of these buildings and improvements amounts to about $52,000. In order to meet the original heavy expenditures, the Govern- ors of the Hospital were under the necessity of borrowing $131,000 on bond and mortgage, at an interest of six per cent. Sun- dry further sums were also borrowed at different times from the banks. The surplus of the annuity granted by the Legis- lature for this purpose, beyond what was consumed in the pay- ment of interest, was set apart as a sinking fund to redeem this debt, and confided to the care of a committee of the Governors, styled the “ Commissioners of the Sinking Fund of the New-York Hospital.” This fund was invested in shares of Bank of America stock, in certificates of the Yew-York Life Insurance and Trust. Company, and in bonds and mortgages, until it could be applied to liquidate that debt. This was at length effected on the first of January, 1845. In the summer of 1821, the patients were transferred to the Asylum erected at Bloomingdale, from the Insane Hospital in town, which has since given place to a far superior edifice, as above de- scribed. The Asylum was then entirely placed under the new and advancing system of moral and physical treatment of the insane, recently introduced in Great Britain and in some institutions on the continent of Europe, and which has since been brought to greater perfection by the labors and studies of a series of able and benevolent men in Europe and America who have devoted themselves to “minister to the mind diseased.” The management of the Institution was vested in a committee of six Governors annually appointed, two of whom, at least, go out by rotation every year, so as to bring a greater number of the Board practically acquainted with this branch of the duties of the Corporation. The executive direction of the establishment was given to a Superintendent, (now called Warden,) and the general direction of the medical treatment to an Attending Physician, who visited the Asylum twice in each week. A younger physician 100 AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. resided in the house as an assistant. Dr. John Neilson, who had been for some time the Physician of the city Lunatic Asylum, was appointed to the office of Attending- Physician, which he held from June, 1821, to 1st January, 1831, when he resigned. The late Dr. James MacDonald, then a young physician of high promise and eminent moral worth, was appointed as Resident Physician in 1825 and held the office until the close of 1830. He soon became deeply interested in the study and care of mental disease, and determined to make this department of his profession the exclusive business of his life. The Governors perceiving that this department of medical science had now become one of special study, demanding for a tho- rough mastery of it an almost exclusive attention, were led by these considerations, and also from personal knowledge of the peculiar merits of Dr. MacDonald, to re-organize the Institution, dispen- sing with the duties of the Attending Physician, and making the Resident Physician the principal officer, investing him with the entire control of the moral as well as the medical treatment of the patients. This officer was of course to be no longer a young physician, holding office for a short time merely with a view to professional improvement, but a member of the profession of standing and experience, specially or chiefly devoted to this de- partment. In May, 1831, Dr. MacDonald was elected to this of- fice, and was authorized and enabled to visit the principal estab- lishments for the insane in Europe, and to become practically fami- liar with their management and recent improvements. He was about fifteen months on this benevolent mission, during which time his place was well and faithfully supplied by Guy C. Bayley, M. D. On his return Dr. MacDonald entered with great zeal up- on the duties of his station, when he introduced and applied the re- sults of his long personal experience and of a wide observation until August, 1837. Circumstances then occurred which favored the exe- cution of a long-cherished plan of establishing a very superior pri- vate establishment for the insane, and he entered upon that sphere of duty, resigning his place at the Bloomingdale Asylum on the 15tli August, 1837. Dr. MacDonald continued his private establish- ment at Flushing, L. I., with eminent success until his death, which occurred in May, 1849, from a sudden and rapid disease. His death, in the prime of life and usefulness, was widely lamented by the numbers who knew personally his amiable qualities and moral -excellence, and his name claims and will keep an honorable memory among those who have studied and improved the science of the .cure of mental disease. He was succeeded at Bloomingdale by AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 101 Dr. Benjamin Ogden, who held the office till 1839, in which year he resigned and Dr. Wm. Wilson was appointed. On the 1st April, 1844, Dr Wilson resigned, and his place was supplied by Dr. Pliny Earle, who continued in office until 1851. Dr. Earle left an honorable memorial of his services in a volume prepared and published by him during his administration of the Asylum, on the “ History, Description and Statistics of the Bloomingdale Asylum,” 8vo. New-York, 1848. The observations and sketches of insanity here collected with minute accuracy, giving a precise view in detail of its operations and results for twenty-three years, form a valuable addition to the knowledge of the disease, and have been often used and referred to by students and writers in this department of medicine. Dr. Earle resigned his place in May, 1851, and was succeeded by Dr. Nichol, who held the place until the summer of 1852 ; when Dr. D. Tilden Brown, who had been long connected with large public sanitary institutions, where he had charge of numbers of insane patients, entered upon the duties of Physician of the Asylum. He has since discharged its duties to the entire satisfaction of the Governors. During the period from 1811 to 1821, when the Asylum was in one of the Hospital buildings in the city, the register shows that 1,553 patients were admitted, of whom 104 were discharged as cured and 154 died. But as it seems that many of these were cases of recent delirium tremens, not distinguished on the regis- ters from other cases of mental alienation, it has been thought and is probable that these earlier statistics were not wholly reliable. Since the opening of the Bloomingdale Asylum, the registers and reports have been made out with great care and method. From these it appears that from May, 1821, to 1st January, 1856, there have been 4,182 patients admitted to the Asylum, of whom 1,911 were discharged cured, 851 were much improved, and 411 died, and there remained at the end of the term 121: the rest were dis- charged, either at the request of friends or as improper objects. During the last seven years the practice of the Asylum pre- sents the following results :—Admissions, 155; Recovered, 323; Discharged improved, 161; not improved, 115; Died, 135; leaving 121 at the end of 1855. The Governors in their annual reports have repeatedly allowed that such statistics do not, like those of hospitals for bodily maladies, show, by their ratio of cures to cases, a perfectly accurate view of the efficiency of the administration, even when taking into the estimate, as must also be done in other 102 AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. hospitals, the peculiar forms and comparative severity of diseases. In any Asylum, the cures can seldom he pronounced upon with de- cided certainty ; while discharges and removals often occur from causes wholly unconnected with the personal condition of the pa- tient. The above statistics are therefore given, as the annual details have been given every year in the reports of the Govern- ors, as a useful and probable approximation, showing the general results of practice, and making a contribution of value to the important statistics of mental disease ; where, whatever error may exist in details, the aggregates afford just ground for obser- vation and inference. Still, without entering into any invidious comparison with sim- ilar establishments, the Governors feel justified in saying that these results compare favorably w7ith similar statistics here and in Europe, showing above the average success of many extensive asylums, and at least entitling this Asylum to rank among the first class of hospitals for the cure of mental disease. This asylum has not been strictly (at least to any great ex- tent) open for the entirely gratuitous reception of the insane poor. These have for some years past been pi’ovided for in the city Institution on Blackwell’s Island, and at the State Asylum at Utica. But the charge for the support, etc. was fixed at a rate much below that which any private enterprise could afford, and not more than sufficient to defray the expense of personal support. Thus it has brought the means of probable cure or relief, and certainly a comfortable retreat, within the reach of families of limited means, who could here support a child or parent, afflicted with mental disease, under the best medical care, and with all the external aid to its efficacy that wealth could command, at a charge not exceeding that of the support and care of such patients at home, without hope of recovery. The value of such an establish- ment near a great city, and within the reach and supervision of the friends of the insane, is self-evident; and the facility with which this city can now be reached from all parts of the Union, gives it similar advantages for many patients from a distance. The whole affairs of this Corporation are under the management of twenty-six Governors, who meet on the first Tuesday in every month at the Hospital: their services are gratuitous. Persons laboring under incurable ailments, or diseases of any kind, are not admitted into the Hospital, being regarded as fitter objects for the Alms House, and because their admission might, after a time, defeat the very purpose of the Institution, which is AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 103 intended as an infirmary for the reception and cure of such as require medical or surgical treatment, uncommon diseases and acci- dents, and the restraint and management requisite for lunacy. Sick women, who have young children, are not received with their children, unless the child, as well as the mother, is a proper patien.t. Persons having the small-pox, measles, or any infectious or contagious disease, are not admitted into the general wards of the Hospital among other patients. But under special circumstances, cases of infectious disease occurring are taken care of separately, in such portions of the establishment as are free from any danger of extending contagion. Every applicant for admission must bring with him a recom- mendation from one of the Governors, or a Physician or Surgeon of the Hospital, except in regard to the insane, when the applica- tion must be made to the Committee of the Bloomingdale Asylum. In cases of sudden accidents, patients may be received by the Superintendent without a recommendation, until the next meeting of the Visiting Committee, who decide on the propriety of the patient’s remaining in the House. A Governor, Physician, or Surgeon may also give a special recommendation in cases requir- ing the immediate admission of a patient. A Visiting Committee, consisting of three Governors, attend the Hospital on Tuesday and Friday in every week, for the purpose of admitting patients, who are previously examined by one of the attending Physicians or Surgeons, or by the House-Physician or House-Surgeon. Such persons as are un- able to pay for their board and maintenance are received gra- tuitously; but such as are able to pay, in part or in whole, are admitted as pay-patients, on such terms as may be agreed on by the Visiting Committee, who take security for the performance. This Committee have the general care and charge of the Hospital, receive all applications or complaints, and direct all the officers and servants in the discharge of their respective duties. There is also an Inspecting Committee, consisting of two Gov- ernors, who visit the Hospital at least once a week, to inquire whether the by-laws and regulations relative to the management and economy of the house are duly observed and carried into .effect; and particularly to examine into the condition of the wards, the conduct of the officers, servants, and nurses, to see that the patients have not been neglected, to hear their complaints, and to report them, with their observations, to the Governors at their next meeting. 104 AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. It is also the duty of the President and Vice-President of the Hospital to visit and inspect the houses once in every month, and to report to the Governors at the ensuing monthly meeting. There are four Physicians and six Surgeons who attend the Hospital. They are selected from among the most eminent of the profession, and annually appointed by the Governors. One Physi- cian is required to visit every medical patient affected with any acute disease at least once a day, and oftener if necessary; and every medical patient, without distinction, must be visited at least twice a week. Two Surgeons must visit the Hospital at least three times a week, and every surgical patient once a week. The Physicians and Surgeons perform these services gratis. The list of these officers, for nearly seventy years, abundantly proves that there has never been any necessity of pecuniary inducement, in addition to higher and disinterested motives, to obtain the services of learned and skillful men. There are two surgical divisions, each under the immediate care of a Resident Surgeon, always residing in the establishment, who has the care of the patients, the direction of the At- tending Surgeon on duty in that division. Each of these Resi- dents is assisted by one Senior and one Junior Assistant, of whom the same qualifications are requii’ed, and who serve each for eight months. These are, unless some special reason occur, always promoted to the grade above, on the expiration of the respective terms. There is one House-Physician residing constantly in the Hospital, who has two assistants. The Resident Physician has the medical charge of the several medical wards, under the direc- tion of the Attending Physician on duty. Both the two Resident Surgeons and their assistants, and the Resident Physician and his assistants must have received a degree of M. D. and have been pupils of a practising physician for three years. They are appointed for eight months each, the next in seniority succeed- ing on the termination of the eight months, if his conduct and character have appeared satisfactory to the Governor and the Medical Board during their service. Thus every ward has the regular attendance of three graduated young physicians, the eld- est of whom has had the advantage of sixteen months’ Hospital practice, at least, since his graduation, as well as of three years’ previous private instruction of a practising physician or surgeon. The whole term of duty in the Hospital 'thus occupies two years. An Apothecary, who resides in the house, is appointed by the Governors, and must be examined and recommended by the Phy- AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 105 sicians and Surgeons, and produce satisfactory testimonials of his good character, before he is admitted. He has the charge of the Apothecary’s shop, and compounds and makes up all medicines prescribed, according to the directions of the Physicians and Sur- geons. The House-Physician and House-Surgeons are required to visit the wards at least every morning and evening, and to be prepared to report the state of the patients to the attending Phy- sicians and Surgeons; and they must see that the medicines pre- scribed are sent to the patients and duly administered. The Superintendent, who is the Steward of the Hospital, and the Matron, are charged with the domestic management and economy of the Institution, and an Assistant to the Superintendent aids in the management of the Marine department. The ground on which the Hospital stands is an area about 455 feet in length, and 420 feet in breadth: bounded in front on Broadway, and in the rear on Church-street; northerly on Worth- street, and southerly on Duane-street. Part of this area, fronting on Broadway, is at present owned and occupied by individuals, leaving an avenue of about 90 feet, leading from Broadway, which is planted with a double row of elms. The ground belonging to the Hospital was enclosed with a brick wall in 1801. The site of the Hospital is elevated, being considerably above the level of Church-street, and commands a view of the Hudson river. It is one of the most open and airy situations in the city, and possesses great advantages for the enjoyment of fresh and salubrious breezes, and protection from the usual inconveniences and nuisances of a city. The principal building, denominated the Main Hospital, is of gray stone, and in the simple Doric style. It extends in front 124 feet, is 50 feet deep in the centre, and 86 feet deep at the wings, which project on each side. It consists of three stories above the basement; a third story having been added in 1803. The height above the ground is about 52 feet. The basement story, which is about ten feet high, contains a larger and a smaller kitchen, a bakery, store-rooms, and a ward for the tem- porary reception of certain cases brought in from casualties and requiring peculiar treatment. The principal story is about 14 feet high. In the centre is a hall and staircase, a room for the Gov- ernors, a parlor and dining-room for the Superintendent and Ma- tron and other officers of the house, an Apothecary’s shop, and a room for the Clerk. In each story of each wing are two wards, 106 AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 80 feet in length and 24 feet in breadth, and opening into pas- sages, extending from one end of the house to the other, and com- municating with external enclosed piazzas. There are also rooms for the accommodation of the Superintendent and Matron, the House-Physician, Apothecary, and different officers and servants, and the library apartments; and in the third story, looking to the north, is the theatre for surgical operations, fitted up so as to accom- modate about four hundred persons. Thus this building contains six wards for the sick, five of which are each 80 feet long and 24 feet broad, in which about one hundred and fifty patients may br comfortably accommodated. There are about twenty other rooms, of different dimensions, besides the consultation-room and library, and theatre for surgical operations. All its arrangements for ample supplies of Croton water, hot and cold, throughout the building, for warmth, pure air, and other necessaries of hospital construction, are very perfect in their kind, carrying out very fully the principles recommended in the report made to the Governors upon the improvement of the house, as above mentioned. The edifice is crowned with a handsome cupola, which affords a most extensive and picturesque view of the city, harbor, and adjacent country. The grounds are laid out in walks, planted with trees, for the benefit of convalescent patients. The building denominated the South Hospital is also of gray stone. It is situated on the southerly side of the ground, at a short distance from the principal building, and corresponding with it in its exterior appearance and style of architecture. This spacious and commodious edifice covers a space from 128 feet from east to west, by 90 feet from north to south ; ranging parallel with Duane-street, and receding westward from the main or central building of the Hospital to within 30 feet of Church- street. Its elevation from the foundation, four feet below the surface of the ground, to the peak of its roof, is about equal to its width. The roof has a pitch of 12 feet, and the perpendicular walls in front and rear, from the surface of the ground to the top of the cornice, are about 14 feet high; the gable ends, rising to the top of the roof, are equal to the utmost elevation of the roof. The platform upon which the building rests has been leveled out of the side of a hill with a rapid declivity toward the south and west, so that the embankment at the north and east, at its highest point, is about 12 feet above the surface of this platform. This embankment, sloping off to the south and west, AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 107 is faced, at its highest level, with a perpendicular wall of cut stone; but where less abrupt, it is sloped off gradually and covered with green sward. There is an area or open interspace be- tween the embankment and the outer walls of the building, of from 4 to 8 feet wide ; so that light and air have free access to the sub-basement or foundation story as well as to the four sto- ries above this, on every side. The building consists of two pro- jecting wings, and an intermediate or central portion. The wings above the foundation story are the parts especially intended for the wards of the sick. Measured from without, in the principal story, they are in length, from north to south, 88 feet; and in width, from east to west, 47 feet 4 inches. They project, both in front and rear, 12 feet beyond the perpendicular walls of the central portion. This latter is about 66 feet deep from north to south, by 33 feet 4 inches from wing to wing ; and is occupied with the several small rooms of the resident medical officers and Assistant Superintendent, with the principal entrance or vestibule, with spacious halls ten feet wide, with the principal stairway, and in the uppermost story with the surgical amphi- theatre and small apartments connected with it. The sub-base- ment or foundation story, is wholly above ground on two sides, and partly so on the other sides, and is well aired and lighted on every side. It is 10 feet high from floor to ceiling, traversed from east to west by a wide hall, and crossed at three points by lob- bies, one in each wing, and one in the centre. On this floor are eight air-chambers, for the accommodation of the heating and ventilating apparatus, and numerous offices and small apartments for the use of the servants and laboring people about the premi- ses. The access to this story from without is by a door at either end of the principal hall ; and it communicates with the story above it by the principal stairway in the centre. The basement, or the story affording the principal entrance, is 14 feet high from floor to ceiling, and is traversed through its whole length by a hall 10 feet wide. It is approached by the principal entrance in the centre on the north side, not more than two steps above the level of the open space in front, and by the doors at either ex- tremity of the great hall east and west. The principal stairway on the south of this hall is opposite the central entrance, with which it communicates through the vestibule. But there are also other stairways, one in each wing, ascending from this floor to the uppermost story. These smaller stairways are constructed of iron, and ai’e intended to furnish safe escape from the several 108 AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. wards in case of fire or panic, as well as to give privacy to the wards, and relieve the centre of the building from noise and bustle. The wards for the sick in this floor are four in number, each about 27 by 38 feet; and, like the larger wards above, are furnished with all the requisite offices and appurtenances. Each of the three stories above the basement is in height, from floor to ceiling, 15 feet. On these are all the principal wards. - Each of these wards consists of—1st. An infirmary or sick- room, intended to accommodate about thirty patients, and measur- ing within the walls 84 by 27 feet. 2d. A nurses’ room, of sufficient size for two nurses, (the number assigned to every ward.) 3d. A refectory, or eating-room, with its requisite appliances, dumb- waiter, cupboard, sink, etc. 4th. A common room, in which are ranges of drawers for the clothing of the patients and the furni- ture of the sick-room, when out of use. Each patient has here a separate drawer in which his own clothing is kept. This room is also to be used as a retiring-room for conversation, and for the recreation of convalescents. 5th. A small spare-room for the seclusion of special cases. 6th. A transept or recess, 10 feet wide, on the side opposite the door which opens upon the central hall. Communicating directly with this recess, and through it, with the sick-room, are, on one side, 7th, the water-closets and bath-room ; and on the other side, 8th, the door leading to the private stairway already mentioned. Each ward is lighted on every side by spacious windcyvs reaching to the floor ; but the ventilating arrangements are independent of these, and are, per- haps, even more efficient in the winter time, while the windows and doors are shut, than when the steam is off, and all the win- dows are open to the air, in the summer season. Such, also, is the fact in the main Hospital edifice, within which this im- proved system of heating and ventilation has been in operation now for several years, and in which the patients suffer less from erysipelas and other depressing maladies from impure air in win- ter than in summer. The fresh air, when the windows and doors are closed, is intro- duced from without through two upright shafts, each at the dis- tance of twenty-six feet from the house—one opposite its eastern and the other opposite its western entrance. Passing downward through each of the shafts, by an opening of 4 feet 4 inches square, the air enters a horizontal continuation of its opening, and is conducted through this, onward several feet beneath the surface and parallel with the main hall, toward the central por- AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 109 tion of the building ; and reaching, in this course, the smaller conduits in communication with the air-chambers, it enters these through openings in the floor; and here, exposed to coils of steam- pipe, it receives the requisite temperature in the chambers, and is allowed to escape upward by separate flues for each point of destination, into the wards or other apartments of the building. Each of the principal wards receives through the wall, near the floor, fresh air by four flues, which are constantly open, and reg- ulated by registers wholly beyond the control of the patients. The foul air of the wards and other apartments is carried off by up- ward currents through the chimneys to the open air, and by special foul-air flues, which communicate with open belfreys in the attic. Of these belfreys or cupolas there are four, two to each wing; and through these an upward current is constantly secured by coils of heated steam-pipe placed within them, and wdiich can be kept in operation winter and summer, independent of the apparatus for warming the house. In each of the large wards there are two wide chimneys, one at either end, and from thirteen to fif- teen special foul-air flues ranging lengthwise along the sides of the ward, with registers at top and bottom alternately. There is also a smoke-flue for each of the air-chambers, so that stoves or other heating apparatus may be used, if the present plan should be abandoned. The following table gives the internal diameter in inches, and the length in feet, of iron tubes used in the economy of the house, for drainage, for the supply of water, for gas, and for the heating and ventilating apparatus : Diameter, i 4 i 1 li 14 2 24 3 34 4 in. Length, 111 534 13,8-21 11,677 81C 1,499 1,045 161 62 52 156 ft. The length of steam pipe in the eight air-chambers alone, in- cluding bends, is equal to about 29,250 feet of f inch tube, supplying about five lineal feet of such tube for every hundred cubic feet of space within the building to be heated, making due allowance for waste of heat through windows and doors, as well as for the unremitting process of ventilation. The water-closets are ventilated by a downward current. There are no traps connected with the seats, but the air, descend- ing with the soil and foul water, is drawn off at a point just above 110 AN ACCOUNT OP THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. the bottom of the perpendicular soil-shafts, and conducted hori- zontally under ground, through iron pipes, till it reaches the smoke-shaft coming from the furnace-room, into which it enters, and, together with the smoke and heated gases of the furnace, is carried off through the high chimney of the main building. The liquid soil, separated from the current of descending air, after reaching the ground, passes through a trap which prevents re- gurgitation, and is thence conducted under ground to the public sewer in Duane-street. The whole building will accommodate from 240 to 250 patients, affording each of these not less than a thousand feet of cubic space, and a circulating current of air, when the ventilating ap- paratus is in operation, of not less than half a mile an hour ; and on an average probably three or four times that amount. Among the labor-saving contrivances not to be overlooked, and besides those already mentioned, are—1st, speaking-tubes communica- ting with each of the wards ; 2d, a descent-shaft for the passage of clothing, bedding, etc. from the wards to the ground floor, or in the contrary direction ; 3d, a hoistway and platform for raising the crippled and disabled patients from the basement floor to the several wards above ; 4th, gas fixtures in every apartment; 5th, four Avater-tanks of iron, holding in all about two thousand gallons, placed in the attic, and supplied with water by a forcing- pump, worked by a small engine, which is placed in the furnace- room, more than a hundred feet from the building. The water in two of these tanks is kept constantly boiling by means of steam-pipes which are placed within them. Each ward and pri- vate room of the house is, by means of these tanks, abundantly supplied with hot and cold water ; and the general arrangement is such that each ward may be wholly secluded from the rest, and may be said to constitute a complete infirmary within itself. The surgical amphitheatre, in the centre of the upper story toward the north, is lighted through the roof by a circular dome of glass, and by side windows opening to the north. The circular space within which the operating-table rests is surrounded with ranges of seats rising from the floor, and by a circular gallery for similar seats above ; and the whole apartment is so arranged as to furnish a perfect view of the operating-table from every seat, and to accommodate about 250 persons. The building is of the most substantial materials. Its Avails are of gneiss, from Westchester County, N. Y. and its total cost Avas $140,103 92. AN ACCOUNT OP THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 111 Corresponding with the other Hospital in its general architec- tural character, though differing in size and in many minor de- tails, is the North Hospital, erected in 1841. It is placed on the north side of the main building. It is built of blue granite and the brown Connecticut sand-stone. It is 93 feet by 63, and three stories high, exclusive of the basement story. It is calculated to accommodate in a very comfortable manner, and in a great variety of rooms, admitting much classification and separation, about 115 patients. It was erected at an expense of nearly $50,000. Besides these edifices, there is a large and excellent low stone building for a laundry, heating apparatus, and other purposes ; and two other stone buildings, of two stories each, on the south-east border of the Hospital grounds, fitted up for lec- tures, 'post-mortem examinations, and the preparation and preserva- tion of the pathological cabinet. The centre or chief edifice of the Bloomingdale Asylum is of brown stone, three stories high, and about 211 feet long, finished in a style plain but architecturally correct, and contains accom- modations for about two hundred patients. It is situated in one of the most healthful and beautiful spots on the Island of New-York, commanding an extensive and variegated prospect. Annexed to it are now about forty acres of land, a portion of which is laid out in walks and gardens. The Trustees of Columbia College hav- ing presented to the Governors the plants formerly belonging to their botanic garden, these have been placed in a proper build- ing, and contribute to the embellishment of the place and the amusement of the patients. This largest or original edifice, with its lofty ceilings, long cor- ridors, and noble views, is found eminently adapted to the residence and recovery of convalescent patients, as well as those of quiet dis- position and orderly habits. It is therefore entirely devoted to the reception of these classes, and to the residence of the warden, to the reading-rooms, and offices. The more violent patients, and those who from disease or personal habits might injure other pa- tients by their association and noise, are placed in distinct build- ings, one for male patients of this class, the other for females. These are situated at some distance to the north-east and north- west of the main building, and are built of brick. These were originally erected, one in 1829 for men and one for females in 1831, but both considerably enlarged and improved in 1854. The number of patients in the Asylum having in- creased to such a degree as to render desirable more ample 112 AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. means of classifying patients affected with different phases of mental diseases, the Governors were enabled by the aid of various benevolent citizens to secure this important improve- ment. A new wing, three stories high and over 100 feet in length, was added to each of the buildings referred to, contain- ing all the conveniences which experience indicated as desirable in a hospital for the insane. Being placed at a right angle to the former buildings, these additions most effectively secure the separation of noisy patients from the more quiet and convales- cent, and at the same time afford the former class an admirable range of exercising halls and verandahs, with spacious sleeping apartments adjoining. Simultaneously with the construction of these buildings, a new laundry was erected, 15 feet long by 40 feet wide and three stories high; the lower story comprising an assorting-room for soiled clothes, a wash-room fully equipped with the most ap- proved machinery designed for such service, and steam engine and boiler-rooms. The second floor is devoted to drying and ironing and store-rooms, while the upper story is divided into dormitories for the domestics of the establishment. The cost of these several structures, with the necessary warm- ing apparatus and machinery, exceeded $50,000, generously con- tributed by philanthropic individuals of this city. With every local advantage, the Governors have adopted the system of moral treatment which the Legislature had in view when they provided for founding this Institution, but without neglecting any of the other aids which the science of medicine can afford. The patients are arranged in classes according to the form which their particular maniacal delusions have assumed'— whether monomania, mania, dementia, idiotism, or delirium a pctu ; and treated in that manner which seems best adapted to dissolve their morbid associations of ideas, in restoring the power and habit of self-control, in substituting agreeable reflections and sensations for those which are painful and irritating, in inducing a habit of employing their judgment, which, like every other fac- ulty, is strengthened by exercise. The means of effecting these ends must be adapted to the case of each patient, and are of course extremely various. Harsh treatment and all needless re- straint are avoided : even confinement to the rooms is seldom resorted to. As much liberty as is consistent with safety, is allowed to the patients; many are permitted to leave the house, and to em- AN ACCOUNT OP THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 113 ploy themselves in the garden or on the farm. They are taken out to ride in a carriage kept for that purpose, occupations of different kinds are afforded them, and they partake of various in- nocent amusements ; they dine together in classes, and every- thing that can appropriately contribute to their comfort is par- ticularly attended to. Religious exercises are performed every Sunday by the Chap- lain of the Asylum, and are generally attended by the patients. At these exercises there is rarely any indication of the peculiar character of the congregation, and the zeal and interest of the as- sembly will compare favorably with that manifested in the usual places of worship on the Lord’s day. This Asylum was the first in America to institute the regular public observance of the Sab- bath by its household, and an experience of thirty year's has con- firmed the prediction of its favorable influence on the insane. A library of several hundred volumes, and the large list of magazines and newspapers regularly received at the Asylum, supply ample means of gratifying various literary tastes among its residents. Lectures on various subjects connected with the natural sciences, and illustrated by means of the magic lantern, are given during the winter, and occasional social parties serve to relieve the tedium of .asylum life and to revive their social feelings, which largely contribute to restore convalescents to their former associations and habits of thought. Surrounding the buildings, and so enclosed as to preclude all possibility of supervision by visitors, are ample airing courts communicating with the various halls. These are appropriately divided and assigned to the several classes of patients, who may here enjoy prolonged out-door exercise during pleasant weather, without interrupting the distinctions established by the internal classifications. In the rear of these grounds is an extensive and beautiful wood, which the Governors intend very soon to enclose and devote to similar purposes. Whenever it is thus appropri- ated, the Governors believe the advantages for the healthful recre- ation and exercise of their charge cannot be surpassed. The great Central Park, of 155 acres, recently purchased by the city, and now (June, 1856,) about to be laid out and orna- mented for public use, is in the immediate neighborhood of the Asylum, its northern boundary approaching within a short walk of the southern one of the Asylum grounds. This will immedi- ately afford the means of agreeable and varied exercise and amusement, under proper care, to a large class of patients. 114 AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK. HOSPITAL. A Warden and Matron have charge of everything that con- cerns the household department, with the exception of the hiring and dismissal of servants and attendants upon the patients, and the whole is superintended by the “ Bloomingdale Asylum Com- mittee,” which Committee attend weekly, or oftener if necessary, at the Bloomingdale Asylum, and report monthly their proceed- ings to the Board of Governors. Monthly visits are also made by the President, Yice-President, and the Inspecting Committee of the Hospital, who in like man- ner make their report on the state of the Institution at each monthly meeting of the Board of Governors. In looking back at the financial history of this Corporation, it will be seen how much the important Institutions under its charge are indebted to the bounty and the gratuitous labors of private individuals. The original donations and long-continued annual grants by the State are acknowledged with gratitude, for without such aid these Institutions could not have been sustained upon the scale and with the efficiency above shown. But the amounts of annual expenditure have, for many years, reached threefold the amount of the State annuity, while occasional outlays for addi- tional and improved structures have gone very far beyond even that proportion. The foresight of the original founders secured, by means of the contributions of citizens, (small as they were in nominal amount, in our present view, but very liberal relatively to the humble means of a little colonial city,) elevated, healthy, and spacious grounds, in a position then and still the most convenient for such objects, and such as could now be purchased only at an immense price, if indeed they could be procured at all in an equally suitable site. The purchase of the extensive grounds at Bloomingdale nearly forty years ago, and the sales and investments by which the debt then contracted was liquidated, manifested a similar sagacity and fidelity in those who at that period managed the affairs of the Corporation of the New-York Hospital. To these men, and to the constant and zealous services of their successors in office, as well as to the gratuitous, faithful, and able services of the Phy- sicians and Surgeons, these Institutions owe a debt wholly in- appreciable in money. But had the professional services gra- tuitously rendered, day after day, for nearly seventy years, been rendered by salaried officers, however competent, they would probably have been inferior—certainly not superior—both in ability and in conscientious fidelity, while their aggregate cost would not have fallen short of a million of dollars. AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 115 From the restoration of the Hospital buildings in 1791 until 1851, the contributions from individuals, though considerable in the aggregate, were severally not large, nearly all of them being sums of forty dollars paid on admission by members of the Cor- poration, more or less of whom have been every year added to the list. But in 1851 the increasing demands for Hospital accom- modation in the city, and the duty of bringing up the existing establishments to the highest level of modern improvement in sanitary architecture and its adjuncts, induced the Governors (as already mentioned) to make an appeal to their fellow-citizens, setting forth these urgent wants, and the claims of the Hospital and Asylum upon their confidence and bounty. This was re- sponded to by donations to the amount of $186,492, in various sums of from $100 up to $25,000. These contributions were ap- plied to the enlargement and improvements of the Hospital and the Asylum, as above narrated. In the spring of 1856, the Governors, finding that in order to complete their plans of enlargement and improvements they had been compelled to contract a considerable debt over the amount so contributed, renewed their appeal. This renewed application to private bounty is now (June, 1856,) in progress, and several liberal donations have been received in consequence of it. Benefactions by will have been fewer than might be expected, considering as well the character of the Institutions as the length of time they have diffused their benefits through a populous and wealthy city and State. These legacies have been : 1st, from Dr. Shadrach Ricketson, of $1,000 ; 2d, one from the late Eliza- beth Demilt, of $5,000 for the use of the Hospital, and $5,000 more for that of the Asylum; 3d, one of $5,000 from the late Henry I. Sandford; 4th, one of $5,000 from the late R. H. Nevins, formerly a valuable member of the Board of Governors, in addi- tion to a liberal contribution paid during his lifetime; 5th, the last was the devise of the late James Arden Ivers, of Rockland County, New-York, who had, in early life, been a patient in the Marine department, and died in 1854. Mr. Ivers, after some legacies and other provisions for friends and relatives, devised the residue of his estate, real and personal, to “the Society of the New-York Hospital.” This consisted of a small farm in Rockland County, and other property, real and personal. The value of the whole is estimated at $16,000. The benefits of such establishments as the New-York Hospi- tal and Asylum are too obvious to every benevolent and reflect- 116 AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. ing mind, to require any detail of arrangement or explanation. Notwithstanding the provisions made for the relief of the in- digent in the different towns and counties, and the numerous cha- ritable associations, public and private, which reflect so much honor on the State, so numerous are the objects which solicit the aid of the benevolent to mitigate their distress, so various ai'e the accidents of life, and so diversified the forms of human misery, that such institutions are indispensable in the great system of public charity. Various causes conspire to render public hospi- tals peculiarly necessary in a great city, the capital of a com- mercial, populous, and flourishing State. It is there adventurers and persons from different countries resort, to better their for- tunes or to engage in more congenial pursuits. It is the capital which receives most of the emigrants from foreign countries, driven from their homes by poverty, misfortune, or crime; or im- pelled to seek in a distant land a more secure enjoyment of po- litical and religious freedom, or a more advantageous exercise of their various trades and professions. The immense business car- ried on in such a commercial and increasing city, in navigation, ship-building, architecture, manufactures, and all the auxiliary arts and trades, while it attracts great numbers from the neigh- boring States in search of employment and the pursuit of gain, must give rise to frequent accidents and diseases, for which many who are destitute of friends and relations, can find no cure or re- lief but in a public hospital. Its port is constantly filled and its wharves crowded with shipping, while its centre is the terminus of the great lines of travel to the interior. From all these points cases demanding immediate and professional skill of the highest class are continually brought. There is another point of view in which this Hospital must also be regarded hs an Institution of great public utility. The central position of this city in regard to other parts of the United States, and the easy and convenient access to it at all seasons, render it an admirable situation for schools of medicine. The Governors of the Hospital, regarding the improvement of medical science as a most important, though an incidental object, of the Institutions under their care, have given, and still continue to give, every advantage to its teachers and professors which can be afforded, consistent with the primary object of the Institution— the relief of the diseased ; and the students of medicine derive the most important aids in their studies, from attending on ope- rations, visiting the sick, hearing clinical lectures, and having AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. 117 access to a large and most valuable library, carefully selected, and regularly supplied with the latest medical and scientific jour- nals and publications. Founded and supported on the principles of the Christian reli- gion and general benevolence, without respect to any sects or distinctions, political, civil, or religious, all persons whose mal- adies render them fit objects for such a charity are considered as equally entitled to the benefits of this Hospital. By this humane and useful Institution, the rich and the bene- volent have it in their power to alleviate the real and oppressive misery of the poor, with the pleasing assurance that, while they are indulging the best feelings of the heart and fulfilling the great duty of Christianity, their charity will not be abused nor their bounty misapplied. Indeed, when the object of this bounty, and the manner in which it is bestowed, are considered, it appears evident that in scarcely any other way could private or public contributions be so efficaciously and beneficially applied, be so little liable to abuse or misapplication, or produce so much real and unmixed good to the community.* * It may not be improper to inform those who may feel disposed to contri- bute to this Institution by will, that the following is a proper form of a devise for that purpose:—Item, I give and bequeath to “the Society of the New-York Hospital” the sum of GOVERNORS AND OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. A. ». 1856-7. GOVERNORS. GEORGE NEWBOLD, President. GEORGE T. TRIMBLE, Vice-President. JOHN A. STEVENS, Treasurer. ROBERT I. MURRAY, Secretary. NAJAH TAYLOR, GULIAN C. VERPLANCK, BENJAMIN L. SWAN, JAMES F. DE PEYSTER, JAMES I. JONES, JAMES DONALDSON, STACY B. COLLINS, AUGUSTIN AVERILL, GEORGE F. HUSSEY, EDWIN D. MORGAN, DAVID COLDEN MURRAY, ROBERT LENOX KENNEDY, JOHN DAVID WOLFE, GEORGE F. JONES, JOSEPH WALKER, THOMAS HALL FAILE, THOMAS B. STILLMAN, JAMES N. COBB, GEORGE TALBOT OLYPHANT, JOHN C. GREEN, DAVID CLARKSON. (One Vacancy.) PHYSICIANS. THOMAS COCK, M.D. Consulting Physicians. FRANCIS U. JOHNSTON, M.D. JOSEPH M. SMITH, M. D. JOHN H. GRISCOM, M. D. Attending Physicians. HENRY D. BULKLEY, M. D. THOMAS F. COCK, M. D. House-Physician. OSCAR G. SMITH, M. D. SURGEONS. Consulting: Surgeons. VALENTINE MOTT, M. D. RICHARD K. HOFFMAN, M. D. JOHN C. CHEESEMAN, M.D. ALEX. H. STEVENS, M. D. ALFRED C. POST, M. D. Attending' Surgeons. GURDON BUCK, M. D. JOHN WATSON, M. D. THADDEUS M. HALSTED, M. D. THOMAS M. MARKOE, M. D. WM. H. VAN BUREN, M. D. WILLARD PARKER, M. D. HENRY VAN BLARCOM, M. D. J. H. HINTON, M. D. House-Surgeons Curator. F. MARIvOE WRIGHT, M. D. JAMES DARRACH, Superintendent. HELENA DARRACH, Matron. F. B. KETCHAM, Assistant Superintendent. EDWARD L. JOHNSON, Apothecary. REV. WILLIAM C. HAWLEY, Chaplain. ROBERT ROBERTS, Jr., Clerk. JOHN L. VANDERVOORT, M. D., Librarian. GOVERNORS OF THE SOCIETY OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. The following is a list of the names of Governors, from the commencement of the Institution to the first of June, 1856, with the date of their respective elections, and the length of time they continued in office. Governors. Elected. Kesigned. A. 1784 Served the Institution. Charles Ward Apthorp 1770 14 years. William Axtell . 1770 1784 14 years. John Alsop . 1784 1788 4 years. Gilbert Aspinwall 1799 1809 Gilbert Aspinwall . 1811 1812 15 years. Died in office, 1819. Gilbert Aspinwall 1815 John Atkinson 1800 1809 9 years. John Aspinwall . 1814 1817 3 years. John Adams . 1818 1854 36 years. Stephen Allen Stephen Allen 1823 1835 1830 ) 24 years. Died in office, 1852. Augustin Averill . 1848 B. 1777 8 years. Continues in office. Gerardus William Beekman 1770 7 years. George Bowne . 1770 1784 26 years. George Bowne 1785 1797 William Bayard . 1777 1784 9 years. William Bayard 1800 1802 Robert Bowne . 1784 34 years. Died in office, 1818. Aaron Burr . 1784 1792 8 years. James Beekman . 1785 1787 2 years. Theophylact Baclie . 1785 1797 12 years. Thomas Buchanan 1785 1800 15 years. Francis Bassett 1785 1787 2 years. William Backhouse 1787 1792 5 years. Nicholas Bayard 1794 1798 4 years. John Barrow 1795 1807 12 years. Samuel Bowne 179G 1797 1 year. Walter Bowne . 1800 1805 5 years. Dr. Samuel Bard 1801 1802 1 year. Rev. Abraham Beach 1801 1806 5 years. Thomas Buckley 1802 1842 40 years. John Bogert 1804 1817 13 years. John L. Bowne 1810 1815 5 years. Abraham Barker 1813 1816 3 years. Robert H. Bowne 1815 1827 12 years. William Bayard, Jr 1818 1823 5 years. John L. Buckley 1842 1855 13 years. James W. Beekman 1850 1854 4 years. 120 LIST OF GOVERNORS. Governors. Elected Resigned. c. 1777 Served the Institution. David Clarkson 1770 7 years. Matthew Clarkson 1792 1822 30 years. John Campbell 1794 1797 3 years. John B. Coles 1796 1798 2 years. Isaac Collins 1800 1808 8 years. John T. Champlin 1801 1811 10 years. John G. Coster 1801 1803 2 years. Samuel Corp 1801 1802 1 year. Kichard Cunningham 1812 1814 2 years. Cadwallader D. Colden . 1812 1827 15 years. Nathan Comstock 1818 1823 5 years. Duncan P. Campbell 1818 1827 9 years. John Clark, Jr. Isaac Carow 1819 1826 1834 15 years. 24 years. Died in office, 1850. Robert C. Cornell . Stacy B. Collins . 1832 1846 13 years. Died in office, 1845. 10 years. Continues in office. Henry Chauncey James N. Cobb . 1848 1855 1852 4 years. 1 year. Continues in office. David Clarkson 1856 D. 1784 Continues in office. Oliver Delancey . 1770 14 years. Elias Desbrosses 1775 3 years. Died in office, 1778. James Duane 1784 1789 5 years. William Denning 1784 1792 \ 14 years. William Denning 1805 1811 J Jacob De la Montagnie 1797 1802 5 years. Frederick De Peyster . 1809 1818 9 years. Cornelius Dubois James F. Depeyster 1814 1827 1818 4 years. 29 years. Continues in office. James Donaldson 1843 E. 1784 13 years. Continues in office. Andrew Elliott . 1770 14 years. Lawrence Embree . 1784 1796 12 years. William Edgar . 1787 1798 11 years. Thomas Eddy 1793 34 years. Died in office, 1827. William Edgar, Jr. 1819 1823 F. 4 years. Walter Franklin 1770 11 years. Died in office, 1781. Dr. John Fothergill (London) 1770 1773 3 years. George Folliott 1770 1784 14 years. Samuel Franklin 1781 1794 13 years. Sampson Fleming . 1789 1792 3 years. Gabriel Furman . Thomas Franklin 1794 1796 1797 1798 \ 3 years. 28 years. Thomas Franklin 1803 1829 5 John Franklin . 1806 1808 2 years. Matthew Franklin . 1807 1815 8 years. Moses Field 1817 1818 1 year. Augustus Fleming . Thos. Hall Faile . 1837 1855 1856 19 years. 1 year. Continues in office. Hugh Gaine 1790 G. 1806 16 years. John I. Glover # 1796 1802 6 years. Archibald Gracie 1802 1803 1 year. Jonathan Goodhue . John C. Green . 1823 1856 25 years. Died in office, 1848. Continues in office. LIST OF GOVERNORS. 121 Governors. Elected Resigned. H. Served the Institution. Whitehead Hicks . 1770 11 years. Died in office, 1781. Henry Haydock . 1777 1794 17 years. Joseph Hallett . 1785 1787 2 years. Abijah Hammond 1794 1795 1 year. Henry Haydock, Jr.. . 1797 1802 5 years. Valentine Hicks . 1809 1812 3 years. Philip Hone . . 1823 1840 17 years. James Heard 1829 1843 14 years. John Hone . . 1831 1 year. Died in office, 1832. Jacob Harvey 1838 10 years. Died in office, 1848 William M. Halsted . 1841 1856 15 years. George F. Hussey 1849 J. 7 years. Continues in office. James Jauncey . 1777 1784 7 years. Samuel Jones 1784 1790 Samuel Jones . 1792 1794 > 8 years. John Jay 1787 1789 2 years. William Jauncey . 1797 1802 5 years. John Jones 1799 1802 3 years. William Johnson . 1804 1824 20 years. Peter A. Jay 1809 1833 24 years. Edward R. Jones . 1834 1837 3 years. James I. Jones . 1840 16 years. Continues in office. Geo. F. Jones . 1854 K. 1786 2 years. Continues in office. Lawrence Kortright 1770 16 years. Archibald Kennedy . . 1770 1779 9 years. John Keese 1787 1794 7 years. William Kenyon. . 1795 1797 2 years. Eev. John C. Kunzie 1797 1806 9 years. James Kent . . 1797 1798 James Kent 1827 1830 1 4 years. John Kane . . 1806 1809 3 years. David S. Kennedy 1845 8 years. Died in office, 1853 Kobt. Lenox Kennedy . 1853 L. 3 years. Continues in office. Kobert R. Livingston 1770 6 years. Died in office, 1776. Abraham Lott . 1770 1777 10 years. Abraham Lott 1784 1787 Leonard Lispenard . . 1770 1777 > 10 years. Leonard Lispenard 1784 1787 Philip Livingston . 1770 1777 7 years. Peter Van Brugh Livingston 1770 1777 ft i/pfirfi Peter Van Brugh Livingston 1784 1785 U V C&JL O* John Livingston . 1777 1786 9 years. William Laight . 1787 1803 16 years. R. R. Livingston, Jr. 1787 1794 7 years. John Lawrence . 1787 1794 7 years. Jonathan Little . Jonathan Little 1798 . 1806 1803 1826 25 years. Died in office. Richard R. Lawrence . 1798 1799 1 year. Dr. John C. Lettsom (London) 1800 1804 4 years. Herman Le Roy . 1803 1804 1 year. Jacob Le Roy 1804 1805 1 year. John B. Lawrence . . 1808 37 years. Died in office, 1845. James Lovett 1824 1847 23 years. Edward W. Laight . . 1830 1831 i year. Richard M. Lawrence. 1837 1853 16 years. 122 LIST OF GOVERNORS. Governors. Elected. Resigned. Served the Institution. Roger Morris 1770 J.VJL. 1773 l 10 years. Roger Morris 1777 1784 J Abraham Mortier 1770 1 year. Died in office, 1771. William McAdam 1770 10 years. Died in office, 1780. Nathaniel Marston . 1770 1772 2 years. John Murray John Murray 1773 1781 1775 | 30 years. Died in office, 1809. David Matthews . 1776 1784 } 8 years. Charles McEvers 1777 1784 7 years. Robert Murray . 1784 1787 3 years. Lindley Murray 1784 1785 1 year. Richard Morris . 1784 1793 9 years. William Maxwell 1784 1792 8 years. Alexander McDougall 1784 1787 2 years. John Murray, Jr. 1787 32 years. Died in office, 1819. Alexander McComb 1788 1792 4 years. William Minturn 1795 1802 6 years. John McVickar . 1798 1802 4 years. Benjamin G. Minturn 1799 1802 3 years. Robert Mott 18ii0 1802 2 years. Samuel Mansfield 1803 1809 6 years. Andrew Morris . 1804 1823 19 years. John R. Murray 1806 1837 31 years. Samuel Mott 1810 1814 4 years. Peter Mesier 1810 1819 9 years. Robert I. Murray 1816 40 years. Continues in office. John McComb, Jr. . 1818 1837 19 years. Samuel F. Mott . 1837 1846 9 years. E. D. Morgan 1850 6 years. Continues in office. D. Colden Murray 1853 N. 1810 | 3 years. Continues in office. George Newbold 1808 47 years. Continues in office. George Newbold. 1811 Russel H. Nevins 1852 O. 1795 1 year. Died in office, 1853. Samuel Osgood . 1792 3 years. D. W. C. Olyphant . 1848 1850 2 years. Geo. Talbot Olyphant 1855 P. 1777 > £ year. Continues in office. Thomas Pearsall 1772 16 years. Thomas Pearsall. 1784 1795 J Daniel Phoenix 1784 1787 3 years. Edmund Prior . 1795 1803 8 years. Jotham P. st 1795 1796 > Jotham Post 18)1 1802 5 2 years. Elijah Pell . 1798 1799 1 year. William Post 1800 5 years. Died in office, 1805. John B. Provost 1802 1805 3 years. Henry Post, Jr. . 1803 1810 7 years. Benjamin D. Perkins 1808 18119 ? Benjamin D. Perkins 1810 \ R. 1777 ? 1£ years. Died in office, 1810. Isaac Roosevelt 1774 13 years. Isaac Roosevelt . 1784 1794 5 Walter Rutherford . 1784 1788 4 years. Alexander Robertson 1790 1793 3 years. Cornelius Ray 1792 1797 5 years. Moses Rogers 1792 1799 7 years. Henry Rutgers 1794 1798 4 years. William Robinson 1797 1802 5 years. LIST OF GOVERNORS. 123 Governors. Elected. Resigned. Served the Institution. Herman G. Rutgers 1801 1803 2 years. John P. Ritter . 1806 1813 7 years. Benjamin W. Rogers 1818 1855 37 years. Nathaniel Richards 1827 1851 Q 24 years. William Smith 1770 1777 ? 12 years. William Smith . 1779 1784 William Shotwell 1794 1795 1 year. Peter Schemerhorn 1795 1802 7 years. Paschal N. Smith 1799 1802 3 years. James Scott 1802 1814 12 years. Jacob Sherred 1809 1819 10 years. Ebenezer Stevens 1809 14 years. Died in office, 1823. Allen Shepherd 1809 1810 1 year. Rev. F. C. Schaeffer 1819 1827 8 years. Thomas R. Smith . 1822 25 years. Died in office, 1847. Benjamin L. Swan 1827 29 years. Continues in office. John A. Stevens 1828 28 years. Continues in office. Peter G. Stuyvesant 1833 1838 5 years. Frederick Sheldon . 1837 1855 18 years. Caleb Swan 1851 ls54 3 years. Thos. B. Stillman 1855 T. 1804 1 year. Continues in office. John Thurston . 1797 7 years. Najah Taylor 1810 46 years. Continues in office. Thomas C. Taylor 1817 1829 12 years. George Taylor George T. Trimble 1827 1827 i year. 1846 U. 1784 10 years. Continues in office. William Ustick 1777 7 years. William Ustick, Jr. 1709 1802 V. 1786 3 years. Augustus Yan Cortlandt 1777 9 years. Augustus Van Horn 1780 1785 ) 6 years. Augustus Van Horn 1793 1794 j Richard Varick .. 1794 1795 l 3 years. Richard Varick 1802 1804 j Gulian Verplanck 1798 1799 1 year. Wynant Van Zandt, Jr. 1806 1808 2 years. Gulian C. Verplanck 1823 33 years. Continues in office. Hubert Van Wagenen 1835 1837 2 years. W. John Watts 1770 1784 14 years. Hugh Wallace 1770 1784 14 years. Henry White Henry White 1770 1777 1773 ? 1784 j 10 years. Jacob Walton 1773 1777 4 years. Gerard Walton 1789 1799 10 years. Robert Watts 1791 1792 1 year. 8 years. James Watson 1792 1799 ? James Watson . 1801 1802 5 Gilbert C. Willett . 1794 1797 3 years. William W. Woolsey 1799 1802 ? 8 years. William W. Woolsey 1829 1834 5 Joshua Waddington 1801 1802 1 year. Henry I. Wyckoff . Henry I. Wyckoff 1802 1830 1809 | 16 years. Died in office, 1839. Dr. Hugh Williamson 1814 5 years. Died in office, 1819. Ezra Weeks 1823 1834 11 years. Charles Wilkes 1827 1828 1 year. John David Wolfe 1854 2 years. Continues in office. Joseph Walker . 1855 1 year. Continues in office. 124 OFFICERS OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS. OFFICERS OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE SOCIETY OF THE NEW-YOEK HOSPITAL. PRESIDENTS. Elected. Resigned. Served the Institution. John Watts . 1770 1784 14 years. John Alsop 1784 1788 4 years. Richard Morris 1788 1790 2 years. Isaac Roosevelt . 1790 1794 4 years. Theophylact Bache . 1794 1797 3 years. Gerard Walton . 1797 1799 2 years. Matthew Clarkson . 1799 1822 23 years. Thomas Eddy 1822 1827 5 years. Peter Augustus Jay . George Newbold 1827 1833 1833 6 years. 23 years. Continues in office. VICE-PRESIDENTS. Andrew Elliott 1770 1784 14 years. Abraham Lott 1784 1787 3 years. Richard Morris 1787 1788 1 year. Isaac Roosevelt . 1788 1790 2 years. Theophylact Bache . 1790 1794 4 years. Gerard Walton . 1794 1797 3 years. Matthew Clarkson . 1797 1799 2 years. Hugh Gaine 1799 1805 6 years. Robert Bowne 1805 1818 13 years. Thomas Eddy 1818 1822 4 years. Peter Augustus Jay 1822 1827 5 years. Thomas Buckley 1827 1833 6 years. Najah Taylor 1833 1837 4 years. Isaac Carow Geo. T. Trimble 1837 1850 1849 12 years. 6 years. Continues in office. TREASURERS. Peter Yan Brugh Livingston 1770 1777 7 years. Henry Haydock 1777 1792 15 years. John Murray 1792 1808 16 years. Thomas Eddy 1808 1818 10 years. John Adams John A. Stevens 1818 1854 1854 36 years. 2 years. Continues in office. ASSISTANT TREASURERS. Benjamin W. Rogers 1818 1822 4 years. £ Office then abolis:d Robert H. Bowne . 1822 1827 5 years. $ SECRETARIES. John Moore 1770 1784 14 years. John Murray, Jr. 1784 1787 3 years. John Keese 1787 1794 7 years. Thomas Eddy 1794 1799 5 years. John Barrow 1799 1800 1 year. Thomas Eddy 1800 1806 6 years. Henry Post. Jr. . 1806 1807 1 year. Thomas Buckley Robert I. Murray 1807 1824 1824 17 years. 32 years. Continues in office. PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. 125 PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. The following are the names of the gentlemen who have served the Institution as Physicians and Surgeons, in the order of their appointment, together with the date of their resignation or death, and their respective periods of service. PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. Elected. Resigned. Served the Institution. P. Samuel Bard 1774 1797 23 years. P. Peter Middleton 1774 1791 17 years. P. John Jones 1774 1791 17 years. P. Malachi Treat 1774 1794 20 years. P. John Charlton 1791 1792 1 year. P. Thomas Jones 1791 1792 i . s. Thomas Jones 1792 1795 > 4 years. s. Richard Bayley 1792 1805 13 years. s. James Tillary 1792 1792 1 mo’th. s. Cons’g S. Wright Post Wright Post 1792 1821 1821 years. Died in office, 1828. S. Richard S. Kissam 1792 1796 129 years. Died in office, 1822. S. Richard S. Kissam 1797 P. Samuel Nicholl 1792 1796 4 years. P. William P. Smith 1792 1796 4 years. P. J. R. B. Rodgers 1794 1807 13 years. s. Samuel Borrows 1795 1817 22 years. s. Valentine Seaman 1796 21 years. Died in office, 1817. p. Elihu H. Smith 1796 2 years. Died in office, 1798. p. Samuel L. Mitchill 1796 1817 21 years. p. David Hosack 1797 1806 p. David Hosack 1807 1826 > 25 years. Died in office, 1832. Cons’g P. David Hosack 1826 P. Cons’g P. William Hamersley William Hamersley 1798 1821 1817 | 31 years. Died in office, 1833. P. Edward Miller 1806 6 years. Died in office, 1812. P. James S. Stringham 1807 10 years. Died in office, 1817. P. to L. A. Archibald Bruce 1808 1817 9 years. P. John C. Osborne 1809 8 years. Died in office, 1817. P. Benjamin Dewitt 1809 1810 1 year. S. Valentine Mott 1817 1837 ) Continues in office as j 20 years. Cons’g Surgeon. Cons’g S. Valentine Mott 1837 S. Alex. H. Stevens 1817 1839 ) „„ Continues in office as 5 22 years. Cons’g Surgeon. Cons’g S. Alex. H. Stevens 1839 P. Cons’g P. John Watts John Watts J 817 1829 1829 112 years. Died in office, 1831. P. John Neilson 1817 1819 ) P. to L. A. John Neilson 1819 1829 >13 years. C.P.toB.A. John Neilson 1829 1830 P. to L. A. William Handy 1817 1819 2 years. P. Peter C. Tappan 1817 1824 7 years. P. Thomas Cock 1819 1834 1 ir. v„„rs Continues in office as 5 ' ‘ Cons’g Physician. Cons’g P. Thomas Cock 1834 126 PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. Physicians and Surgeons. Elected. Resigned. Served the Institution. s Cons’sr S. John C. Cheesman John C. Cheesman 1821 1856 1856 > or Continues in office as £ years. 0ons’g Surgeon. S. J. Kearny Rodgers 1822 29 years. Died in office, 1851. P. Samuel W. Moore 1824 1828 4 years. P. Stephen Brown 1826 1832 6 years. P Fr. U. Johnston 1828 1848 1 on Continues in office as $ }ears. Cons’g Physician. Cons’e P. Fr. U. Johnston 1848 P. to 13. A. James Macdonald 1829 1830 1 7 years James Macdonald 1832 1837 ; / / years. P. Joseph M. Smith 1829 27 years. Continues in office. P. John B. Beck 1832 1843 11 years. P. to B. A. Guy C. Bay ley 1830 1832 2 years. P. Edw. Delafield 1834 1838 4 years. S. Alfred C. Post 1836 1853; fContinues in office as Ji7 years. Cons>g Surgeon. Cons’e S- Alfred C. Post 1853 i S. R. K. Hoffman 1836 1851 ' f, r Continues in office as j 15 years. Cons,g Surgeon. Cons’s S. R. K. Hoffman 1851 1 S. John G. Adams 1837 1837 ' S. Gurdon Buck, Jr. 1837 19 years. Continues in office. P. to 13. A. Benjamin Ogden 1837 1839 2 years. P. James Macdonald 1838 1843 5 years. P. to 13. A. William Wilson 1839 1844 5 years. S. John Watson 1839 17 years. Continues in office. P. John A. Svvett 1842 2 years. Died in office, 1854. P. John H. Griscom 1843 13 years. Continues in office. P. to B. A. Pliny Earle 1844 1849 5 years. P. Henry D. Bulkley 1848 6 years. Continues in office. P. to B. A. Chas. H. Nichols 1849 1852 3 years. s. ThaddeusM. Halstedl851 5 years. Continues in office. s. Thomas M. Markoe 1852 4 years. Continues in office. p. to B. A. D. Tilden Brown 1852 4 years. Continues in office. s. Wm. H. Van Buren 1853 3 years. Continues in office. p. John T. Metcalfe 1854 1855 1 year. p. Thos. F. Cock 1855 1 year. Continues in office. s. Willard Parker 1856 Continues in office. NOTE.—The above abreviations are: P. for Physician, S. for Surgeon, Cons’g P. Consulting Physician, Cons’g S. Consulting Surgeon, B. A. Blooming- dale Asylum, L. A. Lunatic Asylum. PATIENTS RECEIVED AND DISCHARGED. 127 PATIENTS RECEIVED AND DISCHARGED. The New-York Hospital was first opened for the reception of patients in January, 1*191, at which time a number were admitted. Statement of patients admitted into and discharged from the New-York Hospital, from February 1st, 1792, to December 31st, 1821, including the Insane Patients during that period. Admitted. Cured. Relieved. Discharged by request. i Disorderly and eloped. Improper ob- jects. o> 5 From Feb. 1, 1792 to Feb. 1,1793 236 130 18 5 8 4 23 1793 to Jan. 31,1794 566 135 26 22 15 0 52 Jan.31, 1794 1795 419 296 30 17 13 10 65 1795 1796 514 293 33 17 35 5 110 1796 1797 510 314 45 9 50 3 56 1797 1798 472 296 60 12 41 0 57 1798 1799 503 349 41 12 33 0 65 *1801 1802 974 561 146 0 98 17 105 1802 1803 956 654 88 0 65 28 106 1803 1804 876 668 46 0 43 9 88 During the year . . . . 1804 1,068 835 62 42 52 9 159 ti li 1805 1,026 730 55 83 118 14 150 “ a 1806 1,039 674 38 110 122 7 143 66 a 1807 1,011 672 39 81 76 6 139 it ti 1808 1,115 723 58 64 63 25 123 a a 1809 1,067 777 45 116 51 17 109 a a 1810 1,069 768 53 95 56 22 95 u a 1811 1,301 1,043 42 76 68 32 149 it 11 1812 1,245 9,4 99 64 43 11 156 a a 1813 1,121 699 97 11C 38 ‘21 128 it 1814 926 58C 104 74 28 2C 122 a n 1815 1,547 1,026 132 13? 40i It 162 it 1816 1,705 1,159 69 224 58 2? 163 tt a 1817 1,510 1,099 12? 14 43 2L 113 a a 1818 1,721 1,21 ( 132 lit 56 21 148 ti a 1819 1,72? 1,319 76 13( 39 36 137 a a 1820 1,648, 1,324 64 9' 3" j 19, 139 a n 1821 1,631 U2C 111 121 1 29 i 23( 166 29,591 20,464 1,932‘1,984,1,417 435 3,228 Remaining, . # 9 131 * No returns appear on the minutes from 1799 to 1801. 128 PATIENTS RECEIVED AND DISCHARGED. Statement of Patients admitted into and discharged from the Neio-York Hospital, from January Isf, 1822, to December 31st, 1855. Disorderly & Improper Admitted. Cured. Relieved. Request. eloped. objects. Died. 1822 1,386 979 138 96 30 17 109 1823 1,312 922 132 71 27 19 137 1824 1,425 987 187 52 20 25 165 1823 1,700 1,270 122 58 18 29 182 1826 1,773 1,284 123 72 22 25 198 1827 1,792 1,333 172 68 13 26 202 1828 1,805 1,376 123 56 25 31 193 1829 1,637 1,268 84 52 31 32 167 1830 1,690 1,258 101 126 38 21 150 1831 1,870 1,381 112 139 18 29 159 1832 1,763 1.388 94 70 20 65 165 1833 1,852 1,396 108 102 30 68 140 1834 1,721 1,266 69 154 46 32 174 1835 1.837 1,431 72 101 25 14 169 1836 1,987 1,503 122 101 25 15 197 1837 1,769 1,305 140 121 15 24 191 1838 1,774 1,357 154 93 22 8 149 1839 1,864 1,402 146 77 29 44 169 1840 1.797 1,317 111 120 45 18 173 1841 2,000 1,501 84 163 40 26 193 1842 1,936 1.440 83 141 71 33 150 1843 1,902 1,239 133 215 71 44 170 1844 2,191 1,528 134 216 124 47 155 1845 2,745 1,993 117 230 124 46 216 1846 2,699 1,838 210 241 122 40 245 1487 3,715 2 66L 233 192 108 48 402 1848 3,266 2,507 144 145 92 40 372 1849 3,329 2,589 139 126 93 19 361 1850 3,015 2,394 108 101 88 17 357 1851 3.715 2,796 157 139 80 41 432 1852 3,576 2,862 116 129 108 18 353 1853 3,526 2.832 107 187 78 30 401 1854 3,398 2,323 491 192 11 30 373 1855 2,753 1,951 270 125 43 13 290 76,520 56,877 4,836 4,271 1,742 1,034 7,665 RECAPITULATION. Admitted, from 1st Feb. 1792, to 31st Dec. 1221 - 29 591 “ 1st Jan. 1822 Discharged as to 1855 - - - 76,520 106,111 Cured, from 1st Feb. 1792 to 31st Dec. 1821 20.464 « “ 1st Jan. 1822 to “ " 1855 56,877 77,341 Relieved, “ 1st Feb. 1792 to “ “ 1821 1,932 “ “ 1st Jan. 1822 to “ “ 1855 4,836 6,768 By Request, “ let Feb. 1792 to “ “ 1821 1,984 “ “ 1st Jan. 1822 to “ “ 1855 4,271 6.255 Improper objects, “ 1st Feb. “ 1st Jan. 1792 to “ “ 1821 435 1822 to “ “ 1855 1,034 1,469 Disorderly or eloped" 1st Feb “ “ 1st Jan. 1792 to “ “ 1821 1.417 1822 to “ “ 1855 1,742 3,159 Died, “ 1st Feb. 1792 to “ “ 1821 3,228 “ “ 1st Jan. Remaining 31st December, 1855, 1822 to “ “ 1855 7,665 10,893 105,885 226 106,111 PATIENTS RECEIVED AND DISCHARGED. 129 In the first part of the preceding Table are included 1.553 Lunatics, who were admitted into the Old Asjlum, which was then a ward of the Hospital. Lunatics admitted previously to the year 1811, 643 Lunatics admitted in the year 181 i, . 108 “ “ “ " 1812 127 “ “ “ “ 1813 . 105 “ “ “ “ 1814 104 “ “ “ “ 1815, . . 69 “ “ “ “ 1816, 49 “ “ “ “ 1817 . 49 “ “ “ “ 1818, . 75 “ “ “ “ 1819 . 77 “ “ “ “ 1820, 87 “ “ “ “ 1821, previously to 27th July, 60 1,553 Of whom were cured, . 704 Relieved, 239 Discharged by request, .... . 278 Were improper objects, . . : . 61 Disorderly or eloped, Died, — 1,501 And transferred to Bloomingdale Asylum, 52 BLOOMINGDALE ASYLUM. Opened for the reception of Lunatics on the 21th July, 1821. Lunatics admitted into Bloomingdale Asylum, and discharged therefrom. In the year. Admitted. Recov’d Improved. Unimproved. Died. 182L 123 19 7 12 o 1822 102 48 22 19 5 1823 131 55 13 41 5 1824 121 48 27 30 11 1825 156 71 42 63 3 1826 142 69 18 44 11 1827 134 67 26 38 9 1828 134 59 29 29 13 1829 91 49 19 20 9 1830 134 56 41 21 7 1831 151 76 17 33 19 1832 118 44 31 45 15 1833 138 58 10 20 10 1834 102 51 16 38 14 1835 138 58 11 15 13 1836 121 66 26 17 14 1837 112 • 50 12 34 13 1838 122 71 22 13 21 1839 113 68 32 11 14 1840 113 60 25 9 14 1841 102 55 14 13 18 1842 86 55 i 5 32 7 1843 85 49 23 9 14 1844 106 50 27 14 13 1845 138 61 32 20 12 1846 133 54 36 16 13 1847 143 58 40 18 13 1848 138 53 55 31 25 1849 95 44 33 13 21 1850 97 50 15 7 18 1851 95 43 20 9 1L 1852 104 49 25 15 18 1853 135 49 27 32 22 1854 122 48 29 16 26 1855 107 52 13 23 19 4,182 1,913 850 820 472 Admitted, from 27th July, 1821, to 31st Dec. 1855, 4,18$ f Recovered, 1,913 Discharged, J Improved, . 850 j unimproved, 820 ( Died, . , . 472 4,055 Remaining, 31st Dec. 1855, 127 — 4,182 RECAPITULATION. 130 NATIVITY OF PATIENTS. NATIVITY OF PATIENTS. From the 1st of February, 1*792, to 31st December, 1855, there have been 106,111 patients admitted into the New-York Hospi- tal, of whom there were Natives of the United States, 45,712 44 England, .... 7,573 “ Wales, 435 44 Scotland, 2,502 44 Ireland, 34,636 45,146 44 West Indies, .... 1,167 44 Nova Scotia, .... 722 44 The Ocean, .... 59 44 Africa, East Indies, .... 372 if 404 776 44 Germany, . . . . . 5,329 “ Holland, 617 Prussia, . 441 6,387 « Denmark, 677 44 Norway, . . . . . 593 hi Finland, 22 44 Sweden, . 1,453 2,745 4« Russia 82 “ Poland, . . . . . 156 238 44 France, 1,372 “ Switzerland, . . . . 210 1,582 44 Italy, 517 “ Spain, ...... 376 44 Portugal, . 500 44 Sicily, . . . . 65 44 Austria, 56 1,514 “ Mexico, ..... 53 S. America, .... ... 10 63 Total,' 106,111 SUPERNUMERARY SEAMEN RECEIVED INTO HOSPITAL. 131 ACCOUNT OF SUPERNUMERARY SEAMEN RECEIVED INTO THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. EXCEEDING THE NUMBER PAID FOR BY THE COLLECTOR, FUNERAL EXPENSES, Etc. w ® f,!iLh„Ud States, every Seaman m the merchant service pays to the United States Treasury 20 cents per month (deducted out of his admfned thef f f ®uPPort» "'hen slck or disabled. This not being sufficient for the support of all who applied for Hospital relief, the Governors enStable‘claimab?V0’ b.ei?S supernumerary, or more than what has been yearly paid for by the United States They conceive they have an will nnnpnr fmm flm a- /°fr tenaiice of the seamen thus admitted, amounting to lilteen thousand one hundred and forty-one dollars 28 cents, as wilt appear from the preceding statement, and they have repeatedly petitioned Congress, but as yet have not succeeded in obtaining payment. Admitted from 27th November, 1804, to 31st March, 1805, 65 seamen, 285 weeks , o days, at $3 per week, burials, etc. $871 00 do. 1st do. 1805, to 12th 1806, to 31st Dec. 180o, 32 seamen, 105 1806, 80 seamen, 659 do. 0 321 29 do. 1st January do. do. 0 2,026 01 do. 1st do. 1807, to 31st do. 1807, 46 seamen, 169 do. 0 '518 29 do. 1st do. 1808, to 31st do. 1808, 367 seamen, 1,477 do. 6 do. at do. do. 4,548 57 do. 1st do. 1809, to 31st do. 1809, 90 seamen, 232 do. 0 706 00 do. 1st do. 1810, to 31st do. 1810, 112 seamen, 166 do. 2 do. do. do. do. 508 86 $9,500 02 do. 1st do. 1811, to 31st do. 1811, 201 seamen, 208 do. 0 do. do. do. $840 00 2 Burials at $5 each, 10 00 do. l8t do. 1812, to 31st do. 1812, 261 seamen, 384 do. o at S3 per week. 1,152 85 850 00 10 Burials at $5 each. 50 00 do. 1st do. 1816, to 31st do. 1816, 182 seamen, 462 do. 3 at $3 per week, 1,387 28 1,202 85 7 Burials at $5 each, 35 00 1,422 28 do. 1st do. 1817, to 31st do. 1817, 45 seamen, 123 do. 0 at $3 per week, 369 00 2 Burials at $5 each, 10 00 do. 1st do. 1818, to 31st do. 1818, 41 seamen, 217 do. 4 at $3 per week, 672 71 379 00 2 Burials at $5 each, 10 CO do. 1st do 1819, to 31st do. 1819, 89 seamen, at $3 per week, — 682 71 1,104 42 5,641 26 $15,141 28 132 LIST OF MEMBERS. LIST OF MEMBERS. The following official persons, for the time being, are Members of the Society of the New- York Hospital, by virtue of the Charter, viz. The Mayor of New-York, “ Recorder do. “ Aldermen do. “ Assistants do. “ Rector of Trinity Church. “ President of Columbia College. “ Senior Minister of the Reformed Dutch Protestant Church. “ Minister of the Ancient Lutheran Church. “ Senior Minister of the Presbyterian Church. “ Minister of the German Reformed Calvinist Church. “ Minister of the New Lutheran Church. “ Minister of the Anabaptist Congregation. “ Minister of the French Church. “ Minister of the Moravian Church. “ Minister of the Scotch Presbyterian Church. MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY OF THE NEW-YORK HOSPITAL. The asterisk (*) denotes that the persons to whose names it is prefixed are dead A. *Charles Ward Apthorp, *William Axtel, * John Alsop, *Francis Atkinson, *Josiah Adams, Aspinwall, “John Atkinson, *William Adamson, * John Jacob Astor, *John Aspinwall, * Stephen Allen, *John Adams, *Samuel Akerly, * James Anderson, David Austin, * Saul Alley, Moses Allen, *William Adamson, Jr. Augustin Averill, William H. Aspinwall, William B. Astor, George T. Adee, Loring Andrews, John L. Aspinwall, John Alstyne. B. * Samuel Bard, Bayard, s *John Bogert, *Gerard William Beekman, * George Bowne, * John Beekman, LIST OF MEMBERS. 133 "Samuel Bowne, "Samuel Broome, "Samuel Bowne, Jr. "James Beekman, "Theophylact Bache, "Gi’ove Bend, "Evert Bancker, "Thomas Buchanan, "Andrew Barclay, "William Brownjohn, "Francis Basset, "Dr. John Bard, "William Backhouse, "Dirk Brinkerhoof, "Benjamin Booth, "Abraham Brinkerhoof, "Walter Buchanan, "Goldsbrow Banyer, "Gerard G. Beekman, *G. G. Beekman, Jr. "James Bowne, "James Buck, "Samuel Burling, "Robert L. Bowne, "Thomas H. Brantingham, "Thomas B. Bridgen, "William Bowne, "Robert Bowne, "Joseph Byrnes, "Samuel Belamy, "Samuel Bowne, "John Barrow, "Walter Bowne, "Aaron Burr, William Bayard, Jr. "Thomas Buckley, "John Bogert, "John L. Bowne, "Abraham Bell, "Abraham Barker, "J. E. K. Berck, "Egbert Benson, "Divie Bethune, "Robert H. Bowne, "Benjamin Butler, "Joseph Blackwell, "Abraham Brinckerhoff, Jr "Philip Brasher, "James Boyd, Jr. James Boorman, Robert Blake, "John Bolton, J. D. Beers, "William G. Bucknor, "Michael Burnham, "James Boggs, John L. Buckley, "Gurdon Buck, James Brown, James W. Beekman, Sidney Brooks, Auguste Belmont George Bruce, William G. Bull, Mrs. Maria Banyer, Mrs. Isaac Burr, Silas Bronson, A. O. Brodie, Mrs. Arthur Bronson, Miss Mary Bronson, Frederick Bronson, George Bell, Japhet Bishop. C. "De Witt Clinton, *Isaac U. Coles, "Alexander Colden, *David Clarkson, "Cornelius Clopper, "John Harris Cruger, "John Crook, "Isaac Corsa, "Peter Clopper, "Henry Cruger, "Robert Crommelin, "Matthew Clarkson, ’'Henry Cruger, Jr. *Cadwallader Colden, "Major Edward Clark, "Daniel Cotton, "James Constable, "William Constable, "Francis Childs, "Isaac Cock, "John B. Coles, "John Clark, "Samuel Corp, "John T. Champlin, "John G. Coster, "Isaac Collins, "John Church, "Uriah Oliver Champlin, Thomas Collins, "Richard Cunningham, "Israel Corse, "John Clark, Jr. "Willet Coles, "Levinus Clarkson, Duncan Pearsall Campbell, William Cairnes, "Peter Crary, Jr. "Isaac Carow, "Thomas Cadle, "James Conklin, David Clarkson, Matthew Clarkson, Jr. William Bayard Clarkson, "Cadwallader D. Colden, "Benjamin U. Coles, 134 LIST OF MEMBERS William Crary, George Chance, Nathan Comstock, Thomas S. Clarkson, Isaac Collins, Stacey B. Collins, Joseph B. Collins, Thomas G. Cary, *Robert C. Cornell, *John S. Crary, *John M’Comb, Henry Cary, George J. Cornell, Henry Chauncey, Win. Bayard Campbell, Frederick A. Conkling, Jonathan I. Coddington, James N. Cobb, Francis Cottenet, John Clapp, James Chambers, Luther Clark, Jay Cook, Enoch W. Clark, George Carpenter, John H. Contoit, William F. Carey, Samuel T. Carey, Mrs. Margaret Cheesbrough, Horace B. Clafflin, Edwin Clark, E. Smith Clark, Hanson K. Corning. D. Delancey, * Joshua Delaplaine, *James Duane, *Gerardus Duyckinck, * Gerardus De Peyster, * Abraham Duryee, Du Bois, *William Duncan, London, *Elias Desbrosses, *Magdalen Desbrosses, Denning, * George Duncan, *B. H. John Lord Drummond, De Peyster, *Daniel Dunscoinb, Jr. * Jacob Doty, Dennis, *David L. Dodge, *John B. Dash, James F. De Peyster, Eobert G. L. De Peyster, Frederick De Peyster, Jr. * Abraham De Peyster, * Matthew L. Davis, * Cornelius Dubois, Rufus Davenport, *Jacob Drake, *John Delafield, James Donaldson, Debevoise, Henry C. De Rhain, Franklin H. Delano, George Douglass, Charles A. Davis, Henry Dwight, Jr. William E. Dodge, William W. De Forest, William Douglass, William B. Duncan, Miss Susan M. C. De Peyster, Mrs. Ann De Peyster, Simeon Draper, Philip Dater, John H. Dykers, Cornelius Du Bois, 21st-street. E. * Andrew Elliott, Embree, *William Edgar, *Thomas Eddy, *Effingham Embree, *Thomas Ellison, John Elliott, Edgar, Jr. Charles Ely. F. *Johu Fothergill, M. D. London, Franklin, Sen. *George Folliott, * Samuel Franklin, *'Sampson Fleming, *Thomas Franklin, *Col. Edward Fanning, Fairholme, *Thomas Fisher, *Henry Franklin, Fleming, * Caleb Frost, *George Fox, *Thomas Franklin, Jr. *John Franklin, Jr. * John Franklin, * Abraham Franklin, Franklin, *Whitehead Fish, *George Fitch, *Moses Field, John W. Francis, M. D. *Samuel Flewwelling, *John Fleming, Fish, Hickson W. Field, LIST OF MEMBERS. 135 Hamilton Fish, Augustus Fleming, "Samuel M. Fox, Thomas H. Faile, Benjamin H. Field, Edward G. Faile, Cyrus W. Field, John M. Furman. G. "Peter Goelet, "Hugh Gaine, "Andrew Gautier, "Nicholas Gouvemeur, "Eobert Gray, "Edward Goold, "Adam Gilchrist, "John J. Glover, "Archibald Grade, "John Greene, "Cornelius Grinnel, Jr. Maltbie Gelston, George Griswold, "John Greenfield, "John Graham, John P. Groshon, "Jonathan Goodhue, "Nathaniel L. Griswold, "William Green, of England, George Griffin, Peter Goelet, Jr. "Peter P. Goelet, John L. Graham, James L. Graham, "Francis Griffin, John C. Green, James Gallatin, Jasper Grosvenor, Seth Grosvenor, Eobert C. Goodhue, Charles C. Goodhue, John Gihon, William W. Gilbert, Edward M. Greenway, Mrs. Jonathan Goodhue, William C. Goodhue, E. Boonen Graves, Frederick C. Gebhard, Thomas Garner, James G. Garner. H. "Daniel Horsemanden, * Henry Haydock, " Joseph Hallett, 'George Harrison, "Whitehead Hicks, "Jacob Hallett, "Abijah Hammond, "Nathaniel Hawxhurst, "Henry Haydock, Jr. "John Hunter, "David Hosack, M. D. "Benjamin Huntington, "Goold Hoyt, "Henry Hammond, "Valentine Hicks, * Oliver Hicks, *Philip Hone, John Haggerty, "William Hartshorn, "John Hone, "Elias Haines, "William Hill, * Samuel Hicks, *Isaac Heyer, Jacob Halsey, "William Hammersley, M. D. Alexander Eddy Hosack, M. D. "James Heard, "Isaac S. Hone, "Jacob Harvey, "William Howard, John C. Hamilton, Silas Holmes, William M. Halsted, George F. Hussey, Townsend Harris, Edwin Hoyt, William E. Hitchcock. Charles A. Heckscher, Henry Hopkins, Edward M. Hopkins, Peleg Hall, William Hoge, Thos. P. Huntington, James Hewitt, "David Hadden, Joshua J. Henry, William F. Havermeyer, Valentine G. Hall, Irad Hawley, Thomas Hunt, Wilson G. Hunt. J. "John Jones, M. D.- "Sir William Johnson, Baronet, "Simon Johnston, "Nicholas Jones, "James Jauncey, "Samuel Jones, "John Jay, "Charles Ingliss, "Thomas Jones, "Col. Thomas James, "John Jones, "William Jauncey, "Horace Johnston, "Amasa Jackson, "William Johnson, 136 LIST OF MEMBERS. "Peter A. Jay, "Samuel Jones, Jr. "Joshua Jones, "Napthali Judah, "Isaac Iselin, "John Jones, "Edward R. Jones, "Sylvanus F. Jenkins, "James Jenkins, "John Johnston, "Jeromus Johnson, James J. Jones, Edward Jones, George F. Jones, Hezron A. Johnson, John T. Johnston, James B. Johnston, Miss Nancy Jay, Miss Mary S Jones, John Q. Jones, Bradish Johnson. K. "Archibald Kennedy, "Lawrence Kortright, "Peter Kettletas, "John Keese, "William Kenyon, "John Knox, "Joseph Kettletas, "John Tabor Kemp, "Robert J. Kemble, "Isaac Kibbe, "Benjamin Kissam, "William Kelly, "John Kane, , "Peter Kemble, "James Kent, "Elias Kane, John A. King, Joseph Kernochan, "Henry Kneeland, "James G. King, "David S. Kennedy, Morris Ketchum, "Robert Kermit, Robert Lenox Kennedy, Shepherd Knapp, Leonard W. Kipp, Richard Kipling, Daniel C. Kingsland, James Lenox Kennedy, L. "Robert R. Livingston, "Philip Livingston, "Leonard Lispenard, "William Livingston, "Abraham Lott, "Peter Van Brugh Livingston, * Isa ac Low, "William Ludlow, "Gabriel H. Ludlow, "John Livingston, Sr. "Jacob Leroy, "John Leake, "William Laight, "John Lawrence, "Dr. John C. Lettsom, London, "John H. Livingston, D. D. "John Laboyteux, "Philip P. Livingston, Robert P. Livingston, "Robert R. Livingston, Jr. "Richard R. Lawrence, "Caleb Lawrence, "Catharine Lawrence, "Cornelius P. Low, "Thomas Leggett, "Leffert Lefferts, "John Lamb, "Daniel Ludlow, "Nicholas Low, "William Lawrence, "John B. Lawrence, "Dirk Lefferts, "Herman Leroy, "Jonathan Little, "William Lovett, "Richard M. Lawrence, "Thomas Lawrence, "John T. Lawrence, "Gulian Ludlow, "Edward Lyde, Jr. "William Leffingwell, "David R. Lambert, "Robert Lenox, "Elisha Leavenworth, Thomas H. Leggett, "James Lovett, "Jacob Lorillard, Joseph Lloyd, "Jonathan H. Lawrence, "Henry Laverty, "John G. Leake, Herman Le Roy, Jr. Eleazer Lord, "General Lafayette, Cornelius W. Lawrence, "David Lee, "John W. Leavitt, Rufus L. Lord, "Edward W. Laight, "Gideon Lee, William Beach Lawrence, George N. Lawrence, Daniel Lord, James Lenox, Joseph Lawrence, "Cornelius Low, LIST OF MEMBERS. 137 Nicholas Low, Charles M. Leupp, Miss Jennet Lenox, Miss Henrietta A. Lenox, Peter Lorillard, James F. D. Lanier, George Law, James Lee, Mrs. Robert Livingston, George Lovett, Schuyler Livingston, Jacob R. Le Roy. M. *Peter Middleton, M. D. "Roger Morris, * Abraham Mortier, "Abraham Mesier, "Richard Morris, "John Moore, *William M’Adam, "Nathaniel Marston, "John Myer, "Charles M’Evers, "Alexander M’Dougall, "John Murray, Jr. "Lindley Murray, "William Maxwell, "Robert Murray, "John Murray. "Alexander M'Comb, "AVilliam Minturn, "John M’Vickar, "Benjamin G. Minturn, "Robert Mott, "John Marslin, "Thomas Maule, "Mary M’Evers, "Mordecai Myers, * Samuel Mansfield, "Andrew Morris, "John R. Murray, * James Magee, "Nathaniel G. Minturn, * Samuel Mott, "Peter J. Munro, "Peter Mesier, "James M’Vicar, "Stephen B. Munn, * Jonas Minturn, "John Mason, * Samuel L. Mitchell, M. D. *John B. Murray, Benjamin Marshall, "Samuel M’Coun, * John M’Comb, *John Mason. Jr. *Samuel S. AV. Moore, M. D. Robert I. Murray, Samuel F. Mott, Robert B. Minturn, Edwin D. Morgan, Robert McCoskry, John R. Murray, David Golden Murray, Samuel Marsh, Charles H. Marshal], Mathew Morgan, Josiah Macy, William H. Macy, Francis H. Macy, John H. Macy, John D. Maxwell, Miss Mary Murray, Miss Harriet Murray, Daniel S. Miller, Edward Minturn, George Merritt, AVilliam Mackay, Charles Moran, Daniel E. Moran. N. Neilson, George Newbold, John Neilson, M. D. *Russel H. Nevins, Adam Norrie, David H. Nevins, Mortimer O. H. Norton, Thomas H. Newbold, William Niblo. O. * Samuel Osgood, 'Thomas L. Ogden, * Andrew Ogden, "David B. Ogden, *William Osborn, John Oothout, "David W. C. Olyphant, David Olyphant, George Talbot Olyphant, Robert M. Olyphant. P. * David Provost, "Thomas Pearsall, "Lewis Pintard, *John Pell, "Daniel Phoenix, * Joseph Pearsall, *Edmund Prior, "Frederick Pigou, "Thomas Pearsall, "Frederick Philips, "Elijah Pell, * William Post, "Henry Post, Jr. "Benjamin Douglass Perkins, "Jotham Post, Jr. 138 LIST OF MEMBEBS. "Allison Post, "Thomas C. Pearsall, "William Plyment, "Nathaniel Prime, "Isaac Pierson, "Amos Palmer, "Gideon Pott, "Wright Post, M. D. "Henry Parish, J. Philips Phoenix, "Stephen Price, Thomas W. Pearsall, Waldron B. Post, Edward Prime, Pelatiah Perit, John J. Palmer, James Phalen, Eoyal Phelps, Thomas Paton. E. "Walter Eutherford, "Isaac Eoosevelt, "Henry Eutgers, Jr. "Alexander Eobinson, "Cornelius Eay, "Moses Eogers, • "Jacobus Eoosevelt, "Elizabeth Eichards, "Henry Eutgers, "John Eeid, "Nehemiah Eogers, "William T. Eobinson, "Hex-man G. Eutgers, "John Peter Eitter, "Sylvester Eobinson, "William II Eobinson, "John W. Eussell, Benjamin W. Eogers, "Jacob Le Eoy, "William Eogers, "Nathaniel Eichards, "Jacob Eadcliffe, "George Eichards, "Henry Eemsen, "Philip Ehinelander, "John Eathbone, Jr. "Henry Eogers, "Morris Eobinson, "Peter Eemsen, Eobert Eay, Charles II. Eussell, Wm. J. Eoome, George B. Eapelye, Guy Eichards, Cornelius V. S. Eoosevelt, James Eobb, William C. Ehinelander, George A. Bobbins. "William Smith, "John Morris Scott, *Thomas Smith, "Eichard Sharpe, "Isaac Sears, "Nicholas Stuyvesant, * Gerard Stuyvesant, "Miles Sherbrook, "Christopher Smith, "William Shotwell, "George Stafford, "'Jesse Smith, "William Seton, "Edmund Seaman, "Comfort Sands, "William Shedden, "Hejnry Sadler, "Thomas Stoughton, "Christopher M. Slocum, "John Stiles, "Ebenezer Stevens, "James E. Smith, "Eeuben Smith, "Peter Schermerhorn, "Pascal N. Smith, "James Scott, "Allen Shepherd, "Jacob Sherred, "Jacob Schieffelin, "Gamaliel Smith, "Garrit Stephens, "Drake Seymour, "Isaac Sebring, "John Slidell, "Benjamin Strong,' "Eobert Seaman, Jesse Scofield, Jacob Storm, "Ferdinand Suydara, Stephen Storm, "James Sterling, "Josiah Sturges, "Thomas H. "Nathaniel Smith, Alexander H. Stevens, M. D. "Eev. Dr. John Stanford, "Thomas E. Smith, "Peter Sharpe, "Garrit Storm, "Peter Skinner, Benjamin L. Swan, John A. Stevens, "George Strong, "Joseph S. Shotwell, Frederick Sheldon, "John Suydara, Thomas Suffern, "Peter G. Stuyvesant, "Peter Augustus Schermerhoi u, Joseph Sampson, Jonathan Sturges, Aquilla G. Stout, Thomas B. Stillman, LIST OF MEMBERS. 139 Caleb Swan, Eobert L. Stuart, Alexander Stuart, George L. Schuyler, Melancthon L. Seymour, John Fisher Sheafe, William W. Stone, Joseph Steele, John C. Stevens, Leonard O. S. Suarez, William H. Smith, Edward F. Sanderson, Eutsen Suckley, Eufus E. Skeel, Horatio G. Stevens, David Stewart, Gerard Stuyvesant, Mrs. William A. Spencer, Joseph Shipley, of Brandywine. T. "John Thurman, "John Thurston, "John Titus, "John Townsend, Elijah Taylor, "Eobert Troup, ' Jeremiah Thompson, "Francis Thompson, Thomas C. Taylor, "George Taylor, Jr. "Samuel Tuke, of the city of York, Eng. "Hugh K. Toler, "Wilson Taylor, Joseph E. Taylor, "Elihu Townsend, "Frederick A. Tracy, "Jonathan Thompson, "Elisha Tibbitts, "Daniel Trimble, George T. Trimble, "John E. Townsend, Thomas Tileston, Merritt Trimble, Jonathan Thorne, Charles N. Talbot, Mary B. Trimble, David Thompson, John Trenor, M. D. Mrs. Cornelia Trimble, U. "William Ustick, "William Ustick, Jr. "Benjamin Underhill, "Gustaphus Upsom. V. "Jacobus Yan Zandt, "John Van Cortlandt, "Augustus Yan Corlandt, * David Van Horne, "Samuel Yerplanck, "Augustus Van Horne, * Henry Yan Vleck, "Theodoras Yan Wyck, "Peter Yandervoort, 'James Van Yarick, *Gulian Yerplanck, "Eicliard Yarick, "John Yan Blarcom, "Wy riant Yan Zandt, Jr. "William Yandervoort, "John V. B. Varick, Gulian C. Yerplanck, Myndert Yan Schaick, "William L. Vandervoort, "Hubert Yan Wagenen, Washington E. Vermilye W. "John Watts, "Hugh Wallace, "Henry White, "Thomas White, "Jacob Watson, "John Weatherhead, "Caspar Wistar, "Erasmus Williams, "Thomas Wooldridge, "Eichard Waldron, "William Walton, "Gerard Walton, "Isaac L. Winn, "Eobert Watts, "Gilbert C. Willett, "James Watson, "Charles Watkins, "William W. Woolsey, "Joshua Waddington, "Henry L. Wyckoff, "Jacob Walton, "Henry Ward, "John E. Wheaton, Eliphalet Williams, "Charles Wilkes, "Lemuel Wells, Stephen Whitney, "Ezra Weeks, "Oliver Wolcott, "Samuel Wood, "John G. Warren, "Jasper Wafd, "Isaac Wright, "Samuel Ward, Thomas W. Ward, "Cornelius Williams, Isaac Wood, M. D. "John Watts, M. D. A. W. V. Worey, "Dr. Hugh Williamson. 140 LIST OF MEMBERS. *Abijah Weston, Joseph Walker, * Samuel Ward, John Ward, Benjamin It. Winthrop, Samuel Willets, Stephen C. Williams, John David Wolfe, Richard H. Winslow, James Winslow, Edward J. Woolsey, Eli White, Robert R. Willets, John M. Wisdom, Oliver Wetmore, , Augustus Wetmore, Miss Abby G. Williams, Daniel T. Willets, Benjamin M. Whitlock, John Watson, 18 Ferry-street, William H. Webb, William Whitlock, Jr. William E. Wilmerding, Governeur M. Wilkins, Christopher Wolfe. Y. '"Richard Yates, Yates, Hamilton Young. ZfJ /) & '«S8 CHARTER OF THE SOCIETY J* * ...-•’“A ... p @jr OF v X fjf 4T l V/ i m i I w TUI 1IW“¥®1I siwim, AND THE LAWS RELATING THERETO, WITH THE BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE INSTITUTION, AN1) THOSE OF THE BLOOMINGDALE ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE. NEW-YORK: DANIEL FANSHAW, PRINTER, 35 ANN-STREET. 1856.