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/
MINUTES  AND PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
MISSOUR
in
i     i
State Dental Association,
(INCLUDING THE MISSOURI DENTAL COLLEGE ASSOCIATION.)
From its Organization, October jist, i84g, to and including the

       Eighteenth Annual Session, June 6th, 1882.
jv'^S-
Compiled from the Wr.tten  Records of the Association,


                   —BY—


        W. H. EAMES, Recording Secretary.
     st. louis, mo. :

Continental Printing Company,

     41S N. Third Street,

        1883.
 
\N L) 
OFFICERS.
FIRST MEETING.
President,
1st Vice-President,
2nd    "
Recording Secretary,
Corresponding "  -
Treasurer,
President, •
ist Vice-President,
2nd    "
Recording Secretary,
Corresponding "  -
Treasurer,
President,
ist Vice-President,
2nd   "
Recording Seer eta ry,
Corresponding "  -
Treasurer,
               St. Louis, October $i,  1865.
   Dr. H. J.  McKELLOPS, St. Louis, Mo.
    "  G. S. MORSE, Columbia, III.
    "  M. McCOY, Boonville, Mo.
    '■  H. JUDD, Sr. Louis,
    "  J. PAYNE,
    "  A.M.LESLIE.-

SECOND  MEETING.
                  St. Louis, June 5,  1866.
   Dr. H. E.  PEEBLES, St. Louis, Mo.
    "  M. McCOY, Boonville,
    "  G. W. TINDALL, Kansas City, Mo.
    "  W. N. MORRISON, St. Louis,   »'
    "  I. FORBES,
    "  A. M. LESLIE,

THIRD  MEETING.
                  St. Louis, June 4,  1867.
   H. JUDD, M. D., St. Louis, Mo.
   Dr. E. McCUNE, Louisiana, Mo.
    "  J. C. GOODRICH, Wentzville, Mo.
    "  GEO.  CRAWFORD, St. Louis,   "
    "  XV. N.  MORRISON,
    "  I. FORBES,
President,
ist  JVce-President,
2nd    ''
Recording Secretary,
Corresponding "  -
Treasurer,
FOURTH MEETING.
                   St. Louis, June 2, 1868.
   Dr. H. JUDD, St. Louis, Mo.
    "  J. C. GOODRICH, Wentzville, Mo.
    "  HENRY BARRON, St. Louis,  "
     ■  W. H. EAMES.
    "  W. N. MORRISON.
    "  H. E. PEEBLES.        •       " 
4
OFFICERS.
FIFTH  MEETING.
President,
ist Vice-President,
2nd    "
Recording Secretary,
Corresponding "  -
Treasurer,
               St. Louis, June i, 1869V
Dr. W. H. EAMES, St. Louis, Mo.
    H. E. DEPP.
    W. E. TUCKER, Butler,  "
    J. R. MATHEWS, St. Louis, Mo.
    L. F. PRINCE,
    J. R. PORRE,
President,
ist Vice-President,
2nd    <l
Recording Secretary,
Corresponding "  -
Treasurer,
SIXTH  MEETING.

                  St. Louis, June 7, 1870,
  Dr. J. C.  GOODRICH, Wentzville, Mo.
   "  M. McCOY, Boonville, Mo.
   "  EDGAR PARK, St. Louis, Mo.
   "  G. A. BOWMAN,
   "  J. W. LUCKIE, Mexico,
   "  W. N. MORRISON, St. Louis, Mo.
President,
ist Vice-President,
2nd    "
Recording Secretary,
Corresponding ((  -
Treasurer,
SEVENTH MEETING.

                   St. Louis, June 7, 1871,
    Dr. J. W. LUCKIE, Mexico, Mo.
     "  T. W. REED, Macon,
     "  A. C. GRIGGS,  Warrensburgh, Mo.
     "  G. A. BOWMAN, St.  Louis, Mo.
     "  H. JUDD,
     "  W. N. MORRISON,  "
President,
ist Vice-President,
2nd    <<       "
Recording Secretary,
Corresponding "  ■
Treasurer,
EIGHTH  MEETING.

                Kansas City, June 4, 1872.
   Dr. J.  K.  STARK,  Independence,  Mo.
    "  J.  A. PRICE, Weston, Mo.
    "  G. A. BOWMAN,  St. Louis, Mo.
    "  W. H. EAMES,       "
    "  H. JUDD,
    "  L. F. PRINCE, 
OFFICERS.
5
NINTH MEETING.
President,
ist  Vice-President,
2nd   -'
Recording Secretary,
Corresponding " -
Treasurer,
               St. Joseph, June 3, 1873.
Dr. J. A. PRICE, Weston, Mo.
 "  J. F. HASSELL, Lexington, Mo.
  •  C. H. DARBY, St.  Joseph,   "
 "  W.  H.  EAMES, St.  Louis,
 "  H. JUDD,
 "  J. C. GOODRICH,  Wentzville,  Mo-
President,
ist Vice-President,
2nd    <<
Recording Secretary,
Corresponding " -
Treasurer,
TENTH  MEETING.

                  St. Louis, June 1, 1874.
   Dr. S. B. PREVOST, Kansas City, Mo.
    "  G. A.  BOWMAN,  St. Louis,
    -  W. W.  BIRKHEAD, Troy,
    "  W. H. EAMES, St. Louis,
    "  HOMER JUDD.
    "  J. A. PRICE, Weston, Mo.
President,
ist Vice-President,
2nd    "
Recording Secretary
Corresponding "  -
Treasurer,
ELEVENTH  MEETING.

                  St. Louis, March 3, 1875.
     Dr. C. W. RIVERS, St. Louis, Mo.
      "  W. F. GRISWOLD,  Leavenw'th, Kan,
      "  H. E. DEPP, Sedalia, Mo.
      "  W. H. EAMES, St. Louis, Mo.
      "  H. JUDD,
      "  J. A. PRICE, Weston,
Pi esident,
ist  Vice-President,
2nd    "
Recording Secretary,
Corresponding "  -
Treasurer,
TWELFTH MEETING.

                     Sedalia, June 6, 1876.
    Dr. G. A. BOWMAN, St.  Louis, Ma
     "  L. C. WASSON, Ottawa, Kan.
     "  I. D. PEARCE, Kirksville, Mo.
     k«  W. H. EAMES, St. Louis,  "
     "  H. JUDD,
     •  J. A. PRI3E, Weston, 
6
OFFICERS-.
THIRTEENTH  MEETING
President,
ist Vice-President,
2nd    "
Recording  Secretary,
Corresponding " -
Treasurer,
             Kansas City, June 5.  1877.
Dr. G. W. TINDALL, Kansas City, Mo.
 "  W.  N.  MORRISON, St. Louis,  "
 "  J. C McCOY, Boonville, Mo.
 "  W. H.  EAMES. St. Louis, "
 "  H. JUDD,
 "  J. A. PRICE, Weston,
President,
ist Vice-President,
2nd    "
Recording Secretary,
Corresponding "  -
Treasurer,
FOURTEENTH MEETING.

                 Sweet Springs, June 4, 1878.
      Dr. A. H. FULLER, St. Louis, Mo.
          J. C. McCOY, Boonville,
          D. J. McMlLLEN, Brunswick, Mo.
          W. H. EAMES, St. Louis,  Mo.
          H. H. KEITH,
          J. A. PRICE, Weston,
President,
ist Vice-President,
2nd    "
Recording Secretary, -
Corresponding " -
Treasurer,
FIFTEENTH MEETING.

                Sweet Springs, June 4,  1879.
     Dr. C. B. HEWITT, Kansas City, Mo.
      "  C. H. DARBY, St.  Joseph, Mo.
      "■  D. J. McMlLLEN,  Brunswick, Mo.
      '•  W. H. EAMES, St. Louis,
      -  J. C. McCOY, Boonville,
       '  J. A. PRICE, Weston,
President,
ist Vice-President,
2nd    "
Recording Secretary, -
Corresponding "  -
Treasurer,
SIXTEENTH  MEETING.

               Sweet Springs, June 15, 1880.
     Dr. J. G. HARPER, St. Louis, Mo.
      "  J.  C. McCOY, Boonville, "
      "  J. W. REED, Mexico,
      "  W. H. EAMES, St. Louis,   "
      "  J.  J. R. PATRICK, Belleville, III.
      '*  J. A. PRICE, Weston, Mo. 
OFFICERS.
7
SEVENTEENTH MEETING.

                 Sweet Springs, June 28, 1881.
       Dr. C. H. DARBY, St. Joseph,  Mo.
        "  J. VV. REED, Mexico,
        "  D. J. McMlLLEN, Brunswick, Mo.
        "  W. H. EAMES, St. Louis, Mo.
        "  J. G. HARPER,    "     "
        -  J. A. PRICE,  Weston,    "

 EIGHTEENTH MEETING.

                  Sweet Springs, June, 6, 1882.
       Dr. J. W. REED, Mexico,  Mo.
         "  D. J. McMlLLEN, Brunswick, Mo.
         "  A. J. PROSSER, St. Louis,       "
         "  G. L. SHEPARD,  Sedalia,       "
         "  C. W. SPALDING, St. Louis     "
         "  J. A. PRICE, Weston, Mo.
President,.
ist Vice-President,
2nd
Recording Secretary,
Corresponding "  -
Treasurer,
President,
ist Vice-President,
2nd    "
Recording Secretary,
Corresponding "  -
Treasurer■ 
Missouri  State Dental Association.
DR. J. W. REED,
OFFICERS OF 1333:
      - PRESIDENT,
DR. D. J. McMILLENr
DR. A. J. PROSSER,
ijt VICE-PRESIDENT,
id  VICE-PRESIDENT,
                 CORRESPONDING SECRETARY,
DR. C. W. SPALDING,.....
DR. G. L. SHEPARD,

DR. JAS. A. PRICE,
RECORDING SECRETARY,

      TREASURER,
   Mexico

Brunswick

 St. Louis

 St. Louis

  Sedalia

  Wfston
           ST-A-a^IDI^G- COMMITTEES.
                   EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
C. B. HEWITT, -  Kansas City,   C.  H. HUNGERFORD, -  Kansas City
             E. M. LAVEINE,   -     -   Kansas City.
                   EXAMINING COMMITTEE.
J. F. HASSELL, -  Lexington,     J. G. HARPER,  -   -   -  St. Louis
             J. S. LETORD,  ....  Nevada.
                  PUBLICATION  COMMITTEE.
W. H.  EAMES,  -  St. Louis,     A.  H. FULLER,   -     -   St. Louis
             G. A. BOWMAN,  -    -    -   St. Louis.
                    COMMITTEE ON ETHICS.
W. N.  CONRAD,  - St. Louis,     W. H. BUCKLEY,    -   -   Kearney
             E. E. SHATTUCK,   -    -  Kansas City.
                   SUPERVISOR OF CLINICS,
J. A. PRICE,........Weston
 The  19th Annual Meeting will be held at Sweet Springs, Tuesday, July 11, 1883. 
         MINUTES AND  PROCEEDINGS

                       OF THE

Missouri  State Dental Association.
                  FIRST  MEETING.

                         St.  Louis, Mo., Oct., 31, 1865.

  Pursuant to a call made by the St. Louis Dental Society, about
sixty Dentists of the State convened at the New Church Hall,
corner of 6th and St. Charles Sts., at 10 a. m., to organize a State
Association.   Dr. J. S. Clarke, St.  Louis, Mo., was  called  to
the chair as Temporary Chairman.  Dr. G. S. Morse, Columbia,
Mo., as Temporary Secretary.
  On motion, Drs. I. Forbes, A. D. Sloan, I. Comstock, H. E.
Depp and W. H. Eames, were appointed by the chair to draft a
Constitution and present to the meeting.
  During the  absence of the Committee, Dr.  Peebles  proposed
the following query : 'kWhy is it that rubber does not vulcanize
to the same extent at all times with the same amount of heat and
length of time?"
  The  subject was discussed at some length by Drs. Jones,
Blake,  Payne, McCoy,  Peebles, Hovey, Morse and others, after
which the  Committee appointed for that purpose reported a form
for a Constitution, which was unanimously adopted.*
*See Constitution. 
10           minutes  and proceedings  of the

  On motion a Committee of five was appointed to nominate per-
manent officers  for the Association.   Drs. Peebles, Samuels,
Tindall, Blake and McCoy, Committee.
  Adjourned  to meet at 2 :30 p. m.


              AFTERNOON SESSION--2 :30 P. M.

  Association met and was  called to  order by the presiding
officer.
  Committee  on  Nominations reported as follows :   President,
Dr. H.J. McKellops ; ist. Vice-President, G. S. Morse ; 2d.Vice-
President, M. McCoy; Recording Secretary, H. Judd;  Corre-
sponding Secretary, J. Payne ; Treasurer, A. M. Leslie ;  who
were  duly  elected.  Drs. Leslie and  Forbes  were  appoint-
ed  to  conduct  the   President-elect   to  the   chair.   After
some appropriate remarks by the  President, on  motion of Dr.
Peebles it was ordered that the blank  in  Art. 3, Sec.  1, of the
Constitution be filled by inserting the words, one dollar.
  On motion of Dr.   Forbes the  Committee   was requested
to nominate an  Executive Committee.   Drs.  Blake,  Sloan,
and Samuels were nominated and elected.
  Dr. Leslie was requested to furnish a synopsis of the  proceed-
ings of the Association to the Dental Journals for publication.
  After a short discussion by Drs. Clarke, Hovey and McCoy,
upon the use of arsenious acid for destroying the pulp, the As-
sociation took a recess  to allow members an opportunity to sign
the  Constitution.
  *Thirty-six members subscribed their names and paid into the
hands of the Secretary the  sum of  one  dollar,  the  amount re-
quired by the Constitution.
  The Association was again  called to  order and the discussion
on the use of arsenic continued by different members.
  Adjourned to meet at 7 :30 p. m., at the  rooms of the Board of
Public Schools, 5th and Olive Streets.
  *Not having the ordinal list of membership, the names »i the lirst members can not
be given—[Ed. 
           MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.          II

                EVENING SESSION--7 .'30 P. M.
  Association met pursuant to adjournment, and was called to
order by Vice-President Dr. Morse.
  The  subject  of exposed  pulps  was  taken up  and  dis-
cussed.
  The subject of vulcanized rubber was again brought up by Dr.
Sloan and discussed by Drs. Sloan and Hale, Jr.
  Inflammation of the dental periostium was presented for dis-
cussion by the Executive Committee.
  Dr. Samuels made some remarks.
  On motion of  Dr. Leslie,  Wednesday, 9 a. m.  was set apart
for clinics.
  On motion the Executive Committee were instructed to fill the
vacancy occasioned by the absence of Dr. Blake.   Dr. Peebles
was appointed.
  Discussion on inflammation of the periostium  was resumed
by  Drs.  Eames and Judd.
  Dr. Payne offered the following resolution :  Resolved, That
it is the sense of the Association that no man is justified in tak-
ing a student for a  less term than two years, and then only when
said student pledges himself to graduate at a  dental college be-
fore engaging in practice.
  Remarks were made by Drs. Sloan, Forbes, Clarke, and others
followed by an able speech by Dr. Peebles, after which the res-
olution was unanimously adopted.
  Drs. Forbes, McKellops,  Peebles, Payne, Barron and Eames
were appointed clinical operators.
  Adjourned to meet at 2 p. m. on Wednesday.

                AFTERNOON SESSION--2 P. M.

  Association called to order by the  President, Dr. McKellops.
  Minutes of previous session read and approved.
  On motion a committee consisting of Drs. McCoy, Payne and
Jones were appointed to report on the subject of vulcanized rub-
ber at the next meeting.
  Dr. Spyer was requested to read his paper on the effects of 
12
MINUTES AND  PROCEEDINGS  OF THE
disease of the teeth.  After the reading the author was requested
to furnish a copy for publication with the proceedings.
  Letters were received and read from Drs. J. A. Price and J.
F. Hassel.
  Drs. Leslie, Hovey and Reed were appointed committee to
name delegates to the "American Dental Association."
  On motion of Dr. Clarke, it was moved that when the Asso-
ciation adjourned it do  so to meet at 7 =30 p. m., at the rooms of
the Public School Board.   It was also moved that when the As-
sociation adjourned finally, it do so, to meet at St. Louis on the
first Tuesday in June, 1866.
  Adjourned to 7 ."30 p. m.
               EVENING SESSION--7 :30 P.  M.
  The President called the Association  to  order.   Minutes of
last session read and approved.
  Dr. McCoy introduced as a subject for consideration, a case
of extensive absorption of the lower jaw, and inquired  for the
best method of retaining a lower plate in  its place in such cases.
Dr. McKellops recommended the use  of springs ;  Dr. Payne
opposed  the  use  of  springs.   Drs. Hovey, Spyer  and McCoy
gave their views.
  The subject ,of  "fang filling" was then taken up and  dis-
cussed by Drs. Forbes, Clarke, Hovey, Blake, Morrison, Judd,
Eames, Peebles, McKellops and Payne.
  Dr. Clarke offered the following resolution : Resolved, That
the thanks of this Association  are due, and are hereby tendered
to Dr. H. E. Peebles for his constant labors to effect a  full or-
ganization of the Dentists of  Missouri into a State Association,
he  having commenced the labor in July,  1864,  by extensive
correspondence and  consultation with the members of the  pro-
fession.  Resolution adopted.
  On motion of Dr. Forbes,  it was  ordered  that  a preamble
and the resolution be written in plain hand, signed by the Pres-
ident  and Secretary of the Association, be neatly framed  and
presented to Dr.  Peebles.*
    ♦Being unnble to obtain  a copy of preamble ami resolution  presented to Dr.
Peebles in aecordince with this motiui>, it does not appear here as it should. 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.          13'
  The following named gentlemen were appointed delegates to
the American Dental Association :
  Dr. J. K. Stark, Independence, Mo.
    "  Ewd. Hale, Jr., St. Louis, Mo.
    "  E. Hovey, Springfield, Mo.
    "  E. McCune, Louisiana, Mo.
    "  Geo. W. Crawford, St. Louis, Mo.
    "  G. W. Tindall, Kansas  City, Mo.
    "  H. Judd, St. Louis, Mo
    "  J. S. Clarke, St. Louis, Mo.
   Subject of Failures in Dental Operations taken up.  Remarks
 by Drs. Forbes, Hovey, Sloan, McKellops and Judd.
   On motion it was  resolved that the Executive Committee be
 requested  to suggest a series of subjects for discussion at our
 next  annual meeting and place the same in the hands of the
 Corresponding Secretary, to be printed and copies to  be sent
 to each member of the Association.
   On motion of Dr. Forbes, it was ordered that the Executive
 Committee be authorized  to draw on  the Treasurer to defray
 the expenses of the meeting.
   President appointed Dr. Tash delegate to the American Den-
 tal Association.
    On motion  of Dr. Morrison, a subscription list was opened
 for the Dental Register.
    The following resolution was offered by Dr. Hovey :
    Resolved, That the thanks of the Association  are  due and
 are  hereby tendered  to  Drs.  Forbes,  McKellops,  Peebles,
 Payne, Eames and Barron, for the courteous consideration and
 gentlemanly bearing towards the members of this Association,
 in kindly opening their offices and tendering their services not
 only in the clinical exhibitions thus afforded us, but likewise to
 their readiness to impart any and all professional information at
 their command.
    On motion adjourned to June  5th, 1866.
                              H. Judd, Recording Secretary. 
J4
MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE
                  SECOND MEETING.
                                 St. Louis, June 5, 1866.
  Missouri State Dental Association met at Hall St. Louis Med-
ical College, pursuant to adjournment, at  10 a. m., Vice-Presi-
dent in the chair.   Minutes of last meeting read, amended  and
approved.
  Dr. A.  M. Leslie  presented  the Treasurer's report, which
was referred to  the Executive Committee, to be audited.
  The following named gentlemen were elected members of
the Association  :
      Dr. J. B. Chess,        Dr. D. W. Eckhart,
A. J. Brown,
E. G. Spalding,
C. A. Davis,
S. H. Anderson.
W. F. Thompson,
       "  J. Greene,
       "  M. Lawrence,
       "  R. E. Wear,
       "  S. Horine,
       "  B. Q. Stephens,
       "  (i.H. Hurd.
  Dr. W. O. Kulp, of  Muscatine, Iowa, was elected an honor-
ary member of the  Association.  President announced the elec-
tion of officers next in order.  Names of officers elected appear
in the tabulated list.
  Dr. Kulp, of Iowa, presented his thanks for his election as an
honorary member of  the Association, and also extended  an in-
vitation to the members to  attend the  Iowa Dental Association,
which would meet  on the 10th of June.
  Adjourned to 3 p. m.

                    AFTERNOON SESSION.
  The Association met at 3 p. m., Vice-President in the  chair.
  On motion of Dr. Judd,  the chairman appointed a committee,
Drs. Forbes, Tindall and Park, to conduct the  President-elect,
Dr. H. E. Peebles  to the chair.   The committee performed the
duty, and the Doctor acknowledged  in  appropriate  terms
the  honor conferred upon him.
  The subject of  Mechanical  Dentistry was taken up and dis-
cussed by Drs. Morse, Goodrich, McCoy, Anderson, Horine, 
            MISSOURI STATE  DENTAL ASSOCIATION.         15

Hurd, Leslie, Kulp and Forbes.   Association adjourned to 9 :30
A. m., at the hall of the Academy of Science.

                      MORNING SESSION.

  The Association re-assembled according to adjournment, the
President Dr. H.  E. Peebles in the chair; some fifty members
were present; minutes of last meeting read and approved.
  On motion of Dr.  Leslie, the Secretary was instructed to pre-
pare a synopsis of the proceedings  for  the St. Louis Medical
Reporter.
  On motion of Dr.  Leslie, Drs. G. V.  Black, of Jacksonville,
111.,  C.  W.  Rivers, of Pittsfield,  111.,  and L. N.  Elliot, of
Quincy, 111., were elected  members of the Association.  The
subject next in order was then taken  up, being  the question,
"What is  the result of the premature  extraction of  Deciduous
Teeth?"  Discussed by  Drs.  Kulp, Townsley, Judd, Ander-
son, Forbes and Clark.
  Adjourned to 2 p. m.

                    AFTERNOON  SESSION.

  The Association re-assembled according to adjournment, Pres-
ident in the chair.  Reports of  Dr. Judd, late Secretary, and
Dr. Leslie, Treasurer, were received and adopted.
  Dr.  Judd, Chairman of the Executive Committee, reported
the Committee as follows :
  On  Mechanical Dentistry, Dr. Eames; on Surgical, Drs.
Hale, Peebles, Clark, Morrison, Comstock, Payne and Forbes.
Adopted.  Thursday,  9 a. m., was assigned to clinics.
  The subject of filling teeth, the modes and materials, was dis-
cussed by Drs. Goodrich, McCoy, Kulp, Black, Peebles, Judd,
Forbes and Park.
  On motion of A. M. Leslie, the officers of the Association were
constituted the Dental College Committee, endowed with plenary
power,  and instructed to report at the next annual meeting.
  Adjourned to 8 p. m. 
i6
MINUTES  AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE
                      EVENING  SESSION.

   Association met at  the  room of the Public School Boardr
 Olive  and Fifth  streets, at 8 o'clock, p.  m.  President in the
 chair.
   The subject of Legislative enactments, relative  to the protec-
 tion of the  public and profession  against quackery, was taken
 up ; after some discussion, a committee, consisting of Drs. Les-
 lie, Comstock, Eames, McCoy and Anderson were appointed
 to report upon the subject at 3 p. m.
   Adjourned to 2 o'clock, p. m , on Thursday.

                    AFTERNOON SESSION.

   The Association re-assembled according  to adjournment at
 2  p. m., Thursday,  at the  hall of  the  Academy of  Science.
 President in the chair.
   Dr. McCoy, of Boonville, of Committee on Legislative En-
 actment, asked that the Committee be allowed time  until the
 next  annual meeting   to  investigate  and  prepare  a  report.
 Agreed to.
  J. S. B. Alleyne, M. D., and O.  F. Potter, M. D., editors of
 the Medical  Reporter were received  and introduced  by the
 President.   The President also commended the St. Louis Med-
 ical Reporter to their attention, and  spoke in high praise of Drs.
 Alleyne and  Potter, the editors.  Dr   Potter  returned  thanks
 for the hearty reception of himself  and friend, and said that as
 editors of the Reporter they wished it to fairly and fully repre-
 sent the curative profession of which the Dental was a part, and
 would be glad to have contributions to the pages of the Reporter
from members of  the society, as well as  a report of the  society's
proceedings.
  Dr. Lumsden, of London, was present and exhibited sped
mens of work constructed of black rubber,  which he considered
superior to that of any  other color owing to the absence of for-
eign material.
  On motion, the  subject of Nitrous Oxide Gas was taken ud
and discussed by most of the gentlemen present. 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.
17
  On motion of Dr. Peebles, the thanks of the society  were
tendered to Professor C. A. Pope and the Academy of Science
for  the use of their rooms.  After some further business, in-
cluding a vote of thanks to the  Democrat  for its report, the
convention adjourned to meet at 8 p. m., at Dr. Hale's office,
No.  26 north 6th street.

                     EVENING SESSION.

  The  Association  re-assembled according to  adjournment.
Dr.  McCoy occupied the chair.
  On motion, the regular order for the evening was set aside to
listen to an address from the late  President.   The address was
a tribute to the profession,  aptly  characterizing its true spirit,
recalling its history and portraying its prospects.*  At the  close
of the address, the Association  adjourned  to meet on the first
Tuesday in June, A. D. 1867.
              THIRD ANNUAL MEETING.

                                  St. Louis, June 4, 1867.

                      MORNING SESSION.

   The Association met pursuant to adjournment at the  rooms
of  the College Infirmary at 10 a. m., Tuesday, June 4.  The
President. Dr. H.  E. Peebles, in the chair.   Minutes of last ses-
sion read and  approved.   Treasurer's  report  received  and
placed in the hands of the Executive Committee.   The Associa-
tion listened to the retiring address of the President.  Report
on Legislative Enactments read and discussed by Drs. Rivers,
Judd, Forbes and  Barron in the affirmative.   By Drs.  Horine,
Silvers and Hibler in the negative.
  On  motion  of  Dr.  McKellops,  the  bill  was referred
 *See Addresses. 
i8
MINUTES  AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE
back  to  the  committee,  with   the  name  of  Dr.  Hibler
added.
  Adjourned to meet at 2 130 p. m., in the lecture room of the
college.
                   AFTERNOON SESSION.

  Association met at 2 130 p. m., President in the chair.  Min-
utes of last meeting read and approved.
  Dr. H. E. Peebles, Chairman of the Committee on Missouri
Dental College, read the report of that  committee which was
unanimously adopted.
  The following gentlemen were elected to membership :
  Drs. J. A.  Lumpkin, L. W. Brown,  A. W.  Scott, A.  C.
Griggs, J.  R. Mathews, S. H.  Smith, G. Hannaman, F.  A.
Brewer,  F.  M.  Hickerson, L. F. Prince, R. H. Mace, J.  F.
Hassell, F. Swop, and G. A. Bowman.  The names of Messrs.
Ludwig and Ulman were rejected.
  Election  for officers  to serve the  ensuing  year was  held.
Namt-s of officers elected appear in the tabulated list.
  Adjourned to meet Wednesday at 10 o'clock A. m.

                     MORNING SESSION.

  Association met  pursuant  to  adjournment,  President,  Dr.
Judd in the chair.
  Minutes preceding session read and approved.
  A letter from Dr. J. A. Price was read by the President ask-
ing admission to membership.  This not being  admissible under
the  constitution the Corresponding Secretary was  ordered to
communicate it in reply.
  Dr. Peebles read a letter from Dr. Battle, of Memphis, show-
ing  the  hostility  in  the  Central States Association  to  the
Missouri Dental College.
  Reading of essays.   Dr.  Eames read  an essay upon  " Me-
chanical Dentistry."  Dr.  Hibler, an essay upon "The x\ction
of  Acids on  the Human Teeth."  Dr.  Griggs  read a  paper
descriptive of  an operation in Dt-ntal Surgery.  Dr. Reid, an
essay upon the subject of  Neuralgia, read by  Dr. Peebles. 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.
r9
  On motion of Dr. McKellops, a committee was  appointed to
investigate and  report upon the  origin and  circumstances  at-
tending  the founding of  the  Missouri  Dental College.  Drs.
Townsley, Brewer and Black, committee.
  Adjourned to 2 130 p. m.

                     AFTERNOON SESSION.

  Association met at 2 130 p. m.,  President in the  chair.  Min-
utes of  morning session read and approved.
  Dr. Hale read a paper upon Mechanical Dentistry,  detailing
his method of taking lower  impressions and obtaining  accurate
fits of inferior dentures.   J. R. Mathews read a paper upon  the
subject of Mechanical Dentistry; Dr. Brewer read an essay on
The Need of Popular Education on the Subject of  Dentistry;
Dr. Peebles on Dental Ethics;  Dr.  J. R. Mathews a  sec-
ond paper on   Preparation of Cavities.  At  the request of
Dr. Peebles,  Professor Judd gave  an account  of his visit
to  Philadelphia,  to  attend  the  College  Association.  Dr.
McKellops  moved  that  such   members   of   this  Associ-
ation,   as  are  not  members  of  the  Missouri   Dental  Col-
lege  Association,  be  requested  to  join   the  same.  The
motion  was  carried,  and the officers requested  to place  the
names of the members of the Association on the   list of Incor-
porators, excepting  the  name of  Dr. Hassell,  who  did  not
desire it, being a member of the  Odontological Society.
  Adjourned to meet at 7 =30 p. m., at the office of Dr. Judd.

                      EVENING SESSION.

  Association met pursuant to adjournment at 7 =30 p. m., Pres-
ident in the chair.
  The subject for the evening being  the examination of teeth,
under the  Microscope.   An  hour or  more  was passed very
profitably in the discussion and elucidation of the subject.  At
the close of the exhibition  the Association  adjourned to meet
ut the ColLege, 10 a. m.
m 
20
MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE
                     MORNING SESSION.

 Association met pursuant to adjournment, President in the chair.
Minutes of last session read  and approved.  Dr.  Eames, chair-
man of the  committee to whom was referred the bill concern-
ing Legislative enactments, made a report which was adopted.
The subject of  the paper read  by  Dr. Peebles—Dental Ethics
—was taken up.   Dr. Judd made a brief  speech.
  Mechanical Dentistry passed.  Sensitive Dentine taken  up.
Remarks were  made by Drs. Hibler, Jones, Forbes,  Judd,
Peebles, Horine and others.
  Association adjourned to  meet at 2 p. m.

                     AFTEROON SESSION.
  Association re-assembled at 2 p. m., President in the chair.
  Minutes of last session read  and approved.
  Dr. E. McCune offered the following resolution :
  Resolved, That  the publication of special  cases,  in  public
papers by Dentists, claiming remarkable cures and extraordinary
skill and sagacity in diagnosing and treating certain  cases  is a
practice resorted  to  only by quacks,  to  gull a  too  credulous
public, and  is an  exact counterpart of such practices resorted
to by the meanest class of quack practitioners of medicine, and
deserves in the Dental profession, as it deserves and receives in
the Medical profession, an unqualified disapprobation ;  and in
the estimation of  this Association, entitles those for whose ben-
efit these publications are made to the  contempt  of  all  honest
men.  On  motion of  Dr. Peebles, Drs.  Hassel,  McCune  and
Peebles were appointed delegates to the American Dental Asso-
ciation to  be held in Cincinnati in July.
   Adjourned to meet at 8 p.m.

                     EVENING SESSION.

   Association met at 8 p. m., President in  the  chair.  Minutes
of  last session read  and approved.
   The  Chairman of the Executive  Committee read a report
which was adopted.
   Adjourned to meet at 8 130 a. m. Friday. 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.
21
                      MORNING SESSION.

  Association met pursuant to adjournment at 8 :30 a. m., Vice-
President McCune in the chair.  Minutes  of last session read
and approved.
  Subject  for discussion:  "Filling  Teeth,"  was  discussed
by the members generally.
  The following resolution  was offered by Dr. Rivers :
  Resolved,  That  a committee be appointed by  the chair to
take into consideration the necessity of the establishment of  a
Dental Journal in the city of St Louis, and  that said commit-
tee make such arrangements as they may deem proper, for the
early establishment of such a journal.  Adopted.
  Committee on Missouri Dental  College reported as follows :
  First—That according to the best evidence we  are able to
obtain, the committee  appointed by this Association at its  last
annual session for the  purpose of founding a  Dental College in
St. Louis,  and also reporting a law to be adopted by the Gen-
eral Assembly of the State  of Missouri,  to prevent persons
from practicing  Dentistry without proper qualifications, if, in
their judgment,  it should be deemed expedient,  have acted in
good faith  and according to their instructions.  For the detailed
account of their actions, we would respectfully refer you to the
report of the chairman of that committee.
  Second—That  the  charges against the Missouri  Dental Col-
lege  have  grown out  of personal and private difficulties, con-
fined to  a  few persons upon which your  committee feel  unable
to report.
  Third—That  it is the opinion of  the committee that the Mis-
souri Dental  College  is  acting in  good faith and honesty of
purpose for the  best interests of the  Dental  profession and all
others.   All  of  which is respectfully submitted.
                          L.  M. Townsley, "1
                          G. V.  Black,      ^Committee.
                          F.  A.  Brewer, 
22          MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE

  On motion of Dr. Eames, a vote of thanks was tendered Dr.
Swop for the donation of  a very  ingenious gas inhaler to the
Missouri Dental College.
  The President announced the Committee on Dental Journal r
Drs. Forbes, McKellops  and  Park.
  On motion of Dr. Peebles,  an  assessment of three dollars or*
membership was made to raise a  fund to meet incidentals and
sustain educational interests.
  Adjourned to meet the  first Tuesday in June, A.D., 1868, in.
the city of  St.  Louis.
                             Geo. Crawford, Secretary.
             FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING.

                               St. Louis,  June 2, 1868.

                     morning session.

  Pursuant to adjournment the Association  met  at the lecture
room of the Missouri Dental College  at 10 a. m., President in*
the chair.
  Treasurer's report received and placed in the  hands of  the
Executive Committee.
  The following gentlemen  were elected to membership : Jas.
A. Price, G. L. Shephard, R. C. Mowbray, R. J. Porre, J.  D.
Lealand.
  The President read his retiring address.
  Dr. Peebles gave notice that he should ask that the  Constitu-
tion be changed, so as to require the President to  hold the chair
during the meeting.
  On balloting for officers to serve  the ensuing year the follow-
ing  result was obtained  (Names  of  officers elected appear
in the tabulated list).
  Resolution by Dr. Eames :
  Resolved, That  the Executive Committee be, and are hereby 
            MISSOURI STATE  DENTAL ASSOCIATION.          23

instructed, to prepare at this mee;ing, topics for discussion at
our next annual  meeting, and that two essayists be  appointed
by the chair, upon each of the proposed topics.  Drs. Peebles,
Barron and  Eames  were appointed a committee to make the
necessary arrangements for clinics.
  Adjourned to  meet at 2 p. m.

                    AFTERNOON  SESSION.

  Association met pursuant  to adjournment, President in the
chair.   Minutes of morning session read and approved.
  The following gentlemen were elected to membership :  Drs.
H. S. Chase, H. L.  Hewitt,  W. E. Tucker and G. P. Bennett.
  The subject for discussion: "Cleaning Teeth."  The  dis-
cussion was participated in by most of the members present.
  The Executive Committee  reported as  follows :
  We  have examined the accounts and vouchers of the Secre-
tary and Treasurer, and find  the  statements and balances cor-
rect.   We find a balance due the  Treasurer  of $6.50.  Report
adopted.
  The Executive  Committee, upon the  subject  of  topics for
discussion, reported  as follows :
  1. Alveolar Abcess—Drs.  A. D. Sloan  and G. L. Shepard.
  2. Atrophy of the  Teeth—Drs. J. R. Mathews and Henry.
  3. Tumors of the  Mouth—H. Barron.
  4. Diseases of the Sinus—Drs.  Brewer and Porre.
  5. Ossification of the Dental Pulp—Homer Judd.
  6. Treatment  of Cleft palates—Drs. Eames and Morrison.
  7. Mallets and Automatic Pluggers—Drs. Forbes and Black.
  8. History of  Dental Calculi—Drs. Chase and  Goodrich.
  9. Professional Ethics—Drs. Peebles and  Price.
  x\djourned to  10 A. m.

                     MORNING SESSION.

  Association met at 10 a. m., President in the chair.   Minutes
of last  session read and approved. 
2.          MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE

  The following named gentlemen were elected to membe.ship :
  H. B. Evans, Chas. Henry, C. W. Spalding, Alfred C Sloan,
L. Thomas, C. H. Sawyer.
  Discussion on " Dental Hygiene," Drs. Chase, Judd, Forbes
and others participating.
  Committee on Dental Journal made a verbal report, detailing
progress.
  On motion of Dr. Chase, a  committee consisting of  Drs.
Chase, Peebles, McKellops and the President, was appointed to
organize a joint stock company to start the Dental Journal.
  Adjourned to meet at  2 p.  m.

                   AFTERNOON  SESSION.

  Association  met at 2 p. m., President in the chair.  Reading
of the minutes of previous session dispensed with.
  Discussion upon the subject of Absorption.
  Dr. Chase,  Chairman of Committee on Dental Journal, re-
ported  a form of subscription  list for  stock in  the Journal.
Each share to be six dollars, each member to take as many or
few shares as suited him.
  We the  subscribers  agree to take the number of shares  of
stock set opposite our names, at $6.00 each, in the Dental Jour-
nal, to be published in the  city of St.  Louis, and to be conduc-
ted and controlled by an Association  to be hereafter incorpora-
ted under the laws of the State of Missouri.
   Report of Dr. Chase adopted.
   Recess for  meeting of incorporators  of the Missouri Dental
College.
MEETING  OF THE  MISSOURI DENTAL  COLLEGE
                     ASSOCIATION.

                            College Rooms, June 3, 1868.
  Association met pursuant to adjournment, Wednesday, June
3, at 4 p. m., President H. E.  Peebles in the chair.  Minutes of
last meeting read and approved. 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.         25
  Professor Judd stated that at the last annual meeting of the
State Association, a called meeting of the incorporators  was
held on the 3d of June, 1867, and a resolution was offered by
Dr.  McKellops, which was adopted, making the members of
the State Association members of  the Board of Incorporators ;
that the act contemplated in that resolution of  merging the  two
societies into one, should be completed at this time by the  offi-
cers of the College Association resigning  and turning over all
books, papers, etc., in their hands  belonging to the Association
to the officers of the State Association ;  that  from this time,
the  State  Association, as a separate organization from the  Col-
lege  Association, ceased to  exist; that  henceforth  the State
Dental Association becomes  virtually the College Association,
and would perform all the  duties of that body-   This being the
desire and understanding of the members  present, the  officers
resigned in favor of the  officers of the State Association.
   The officers at  once  assumed  their duties.  Professor Judd
President  taking the chair.  The Treasurer's report was re-
ceived and placed in the hands  of the Executive Committee.
On  the nomination by  Dr. Peebles, Dr. C. W. Spalding was
elected Trustee  of the  College in place of Dr. W. H. Eames,
resigned.   Professor Gregory was elected to  fill the place of
 Professor  Pope whose term of office had expired. Drs. Forbes,
 Kulp and  McCoy were  re-elected to serve three years.   There
 being no further work for this meeting, the Association resumed
 its legitimate  business.
   Dr. Peebles  offered  the  following  resolution which  was
 adopted :
   Resolved, That we  notice  with  deep regret the absence of
 many of the members of our Association, and that we do  here-
 by commend the acts of  all  and  each of the gentlemen  who
 have  closed their offices and traveled distances  to  attend this
 meeting,  and  we do hope none may go away unbeneficed, but
 that each one may leave well  satisfied and determined to attend
 our next annual  convocation.
   The following resolution offered by Dr. Black was adopted :
   Resolved, That in the opinion of this Association it is  inex- 
26           MINUTES  AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE

pedient for members of the Association residing in the town where
the meetings are held to remain in their offices during the sitting
of the Association, and by their absence seem to say that they are
indifferent to the advancement and elevation of the profession.
   Discussion on the course of Office Study.
   Dr. J.  S. Wilson, of  Carlinville, elected to membership.  Dr.
Goodrich moved that a Committee of five be appointed to carry
out the resolution on the report  of  the Committee on Dental
Journal—Drs. McKellops, Forbes, Peebles, Eames and Chase,.
committee.
   Adjourned to meet at 10 a. m.

                      MORNING SESSION.

   Association met  pursuant to adjournment,  President  in  the
chair.  Minutes of last session read and approved.
   On motion of  Dr.  Peebles, Dr.  Ingersol,  of Keokuk, was
elected honorary member of the Association.
   Dr. Peebles read a paper on Popular Education ; discussed by
several members.  The subject for discussion,  "The saving of
the six year Molars," was taken up.
   On motion of Dr. Forbes, a committee of three was appoint-
ed  to make an assessment—Drs. Forbes, Jones and  Morrison,
committee.
   Adjourned to meet at 2 p. m.

                    AFTERNOON SESSION.

   Association met at 2 p. m., President in the chair.   Minutes
of last session approved.
   The following report of the delegation to  the National Con-
vention was adopted :
   The meeting was  well  attended,  the discussions  interesting
and instructive.   Your delegation beg leave to say, that in their
opinion  there has been too much of the minutiae and details of
practice  and reports of cases introduced into our National As-
sociation.  We believe that these details in manipulation  belong-
more properly to the local societies, and  that the time  of  the 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.
27
Association should be devoted to the discussion of general prin-
ciples and  scientific topics.  The delegation  also suggest the
propriety of the adoption of the Code of Ethics prepared by the
American Dental Association.  They also beg leave to recom-
mend to this  Association the action of the National Association,
of inquiring  into the status of a Society or College, before ad-
mitting them  to representation in that body—W. H. Morrison,
H. J.  McKellops,  Homer Judd,  W. H. Eames, A. D. Sloan,
H. E.  Peebles, G. A. Bowman, committee.
  The following resolution was offered by Dr. Forbes  :
  Resolved,  That the delegation to the National Association be
instructed to  present the subject of "Popular  Education on the
subject of  the Teeth, care of the Deciduous Teeth, their num-
ber," etc., etc., to the consideration of that honorable body, and
urge the propriety of having an article prepared for insertion in
the various text books used in the public schools.   Adopted.
  Dr.  Black  moved that a delegation of three from this Associa-
tion  be appointed  as  fraternal  visitors to attend each of the
neighboring State Associations, and to report at our next annual
meeting;  carried.  Drs. A.  D.  Sloan and Homer Judd, com-
mittee.
  Dr.  Forbes, chairman of the Assessment  Committee made
the following report, which was adopted :  "In as much as the
Missouri Dental College is the  creature and property  of this
Association,  it  is incumbent on the Association  to  foster and
sustain  the same, and as the said college has  been so  managed
by the Board of Trustees  and  Faculty, aided by the  city den-
tists, as to  open and operate two years under adverse circum-
stances, with small classes and  only the  small debt of  $85.00
standing against it; it will prove encouraging to the college thus
to come up, when aided by a liberal assessment.   x\s the infirm-
ary needs  tools and instruments, therefore, to give some aid to
the college, we recommend an assessment of  $5.00 on each  of
the members.  Drs.  I. Forbes, W. A. Jones, W. X. Morrison,
committee.
  On  motion  of  Dr. Forbes,   the  following resolution  was
adopted : 
2g          MINUTES AND  PROCEEDINGS  OF THE

  Resolved, That the Missouri State Dental Association hereby
indorse in full the action  of the  American Association, at its
last session at Cincinnati,  in relation to the support of the com-
mittee appointed by said Association to examine the credentials
of the delegates from the  so-called St. Louis Dental  College,
which report justly declares it has no legal existence, and that
a  diploma from such an  institution would be utterly worthless.
   Executive Committee report. We have audited the accounts
of the Treasurer with the  Missouri Dental College  and  find
them correct.   Drs Brewer and  Porre, committee.
   Resolution by Dr. Peebles, adopted.
   Resolved, That no  member of this Association  can  hold  a
diploma  from  the so-called St.  Louis Dental College and be
considered a member in good standing in this Association.
   Adjourned to meet at 10  a. m.

                     MORNING SESSION.

   Association  met at 10 a. m., President in the chair.  Minutes
of last session approved.
   On motion of Dr. Peebles, the Code of Ethics recommended
by the delegates to the National Association was adopted.  The
following gentlemen were appointed delegates to the National
Association by the President: H. J.  McKellops, H. S. Chase,
A. D. Sloan, J. R. Mathews, A  C. Sloan, George P. Bennett,
I. Forbes, G. L. Shepard,  R. C. Mowbray, E. C. Crane, W.
N. Morrison, J. A. Price, C. McCune, C. W. Rivers and J. A.
Lumpkin.
   Dr. Sloan gave notice  that he  would ask that the name of this
Association be changed to  read the " Missouri Dental College
Association."
   On motion the Secretary was instructed to notify the essayists
of their  appointment.
   On motion of Dr. Porre, it was resolved that each member of
 this Association keep a  record of all the cases of importance
 and their treatment, and report the same at a succeeding  meet-
 ing. 
           MISSOURI DENTAL  COLLEGE ASSOCIATION.        29

  Dr. W. O'Hare and O. M. Calhoun were election to member-
ship.
  Adjourned to meet in the city of St. Louis, the first Tuesday
in June, A. D. 1869, at 10 a.  m.
                  Dr. W. H. Eames, Recording Secretary.
              FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING.

                                 St. Louis, June 1, 1869.
  Association met pursuant to adjournment at the Polytechnic
Institute, President Judd in the chair.   Treasurer's report read
and accepted.
  The following gentlemen were elected to membership :  Drs.
J. B.  Morrison, A. W. Morrison, Henry Fisher, andS. B. Par-
sons, M. D., as an honorary member.
  Election of officers for  the ensuing year being the first  order
of business, the same was  proceeded with.  (The names of the
successful  candidates appearing in the tabulated list of officers
of the Association.)
  Dr.  Judd, the retiring President, made  a few remarks.   Dr.
W. H. Eames, President-elect, was duly installed.
  On motion  two  articles of the Constitution were changed so
that the election of officers should  take place on the last  day's
session of  the convention, and the name of the Association be
changed to the Missouri Dental College Association, instead of
the Missouri State Dental Association.  The suggestion of  the
Auditing Committee that the accounts of the Dental Journal and
that  of the  State Dental Association be kept separate was
adopted.  A committee consisting of Drs. Judd, Chase and
Depp was appointed  to take charge of clinics.
  Adjourned to meet at 2  p. m.
                    AFTERNOON SESSION.
  Association met at 2 p. m., President in  the chair.  Dr. Judd-
read a paper on the "Ossification of the Dental  Pulp."  Sub- 
 30           MINUTES  AND PROCEEDINGS OF  THE

 ject  discussed  by  Drs.  Kulp,  Chase, Peebles,  Forbes  and
 Eames.  Dr. Eames read a paper on "Cleft Palates."
   Adjourned to meet at 10 a. m.
                      MORNING SESSION.
   President in  the  chair.  Minutes were read and  approved.
 Dr. Mathews read an essay on "Atrophy of the Teeth."   Drs.
 Kulp,  Black, Spalding,  W. A.  Morrison and  H. E.  Peebles
 participated in the discussion.  The subject  of " Mallets  and
 Mallet Pluggers" was then discussed by most of the  gentlemen
 present.
   Adjourned to 2 p. m.

                    AFTERNOON SESSION.

   President in the chair.  Dr. Judd made a verbal report of
 the condition of the Missouri Dental College Association  and
 Missouri Dental Journal.   Adopted.
   The election of Trustees for the Missouri Dental College re-
 sulted as follows :  H.  E. Peebles, Edgar Park, J.  B. Johnson,
 C. W. Spalding and G. V. Black, for a term of three years.
\  Dr. Chase read a paper on " Dental Calculi."  Discussed by
 Drs. Kulp, Morrison and others.  Dr. Peebles read a paper on
 "Professional Ethics."
   Adjourned to 8 p. m.

                      EVENING  SESSION.
   President in the chair.  Minutes were  read  and  approved.
 The subject of "Filling Teeth" was discussed  by  most of the
 members present.
   Adjourned to 10 a. m.

                      MORNING SESSION.
   President in the chair.  Reading of the minutes of the pre-
 vious meeting dispensed with.   The first order of business  was
 the report of the Executive Committee :
   Mr. President:—The committee who were appointed  to in-
 vestigate the financial condition of  the Missouri Dental College 
          MISSOURI DENTAL  COLLEGE  ASSOCIATION.        31

and  the  Missouri Dental Journal report a deficit of $50 on the
part of College and $120 on the part of the Journal.  To meet
which they recommend that an assessment of two dollars and .
fifty cents be made upon each member, to meet the  deficit of
the College, a few of  the city members having agreed to make
up the balance, if any.
   Should it be found  necessary to raise funds in behalf  of  the
Journal,  your committee would respectfully suggest that  the
proper means to be adopted would  be  by assessment upon  the
stockholders.   All of which is respectfully submitted.
                              Edgar Park,    J
                              J. B. Morrison, > Ex.  Com.
                              G. A.  Bowman. )
   Mechanical Dentistry was taken up,  and discussed by Drs.
Judd, Hale, Peebles and others.  Dr.  Thomas Turner, of St.
Johns, New Foundland, was elected an  honorary member of the
 Association.
   On motion of Dr. Judd, the Association adjourned  to meet at
 2 P. M.
                    AFTERNOON SESSION.
   President in the chair.  Dispensed with reading of minutes.
 Dr.  Eames exhibited  a steel clamp, a very neat instrument, used
instead of the twine  or silk ligatures,  in holding the  coffer (or
 rubber)  dam  on the  teeth.  Dr. Rivers read a lengthy paper
on "Diseases of the Maxillary Sinus."
   Adjourned to meet  in the city  of St.  Louis, on the  first Tues-
 day in June, at 10 o'clock a. m., 1870.
                            John R.  Mathews, Secretary.
              SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING.

                            St. Louis, Mo., June 7, 1870.
  Dr. Eames, President, called the meeting to order.  Reading
of  minutes  of last  meeting dispensed with.   Dr. John  R.
Mathews, Recording Secretary,  made his report.  Accepted. 
22           MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Dr. R. J. Porre, Treasurer, gave his report.  Submitted to  an
auditing committee.   The subject of  "Dental Ethics" dis-
cussed.
  Association adjourned to meet at 2 :30 p. m.

                   AFTERNOON SESSION.

  President in the chair.  Minutes of previous meeting read
and accepted, with corrections.   The subject of " Heavy Foils
as being more suitable for Filling Teeth than Light," discussed
by most of the  members.  Report of the  Auditing  Committee
on Treasurer's Report submitted.
  Adjourned to 10:30 a. m.
                     MORNING SESSION.

  President called meeting  to  order.   Minutes read  and ap-
proved.
   Adjourned to 2 :30 p. m.
                    AFTERNOON SESSION.

  President called meeting  to order.   Minutes read  and ap-
proved.
   Drs. W. A. Jones, Henry  Newington and F.  F. Majors were
elected to membership.
   The subject of "Heavy  Foils" was again discussed.
   Adjourned to meet  at 7 :3o p.m.
                     EVENING SESSION.

   President called Association to order.   Dispensed with read-
ing of minutes.
   Dr. W. Cameron Smith was elected  to membership.
   Subject  of  "Filling Teeth  with  Oxychloride  of  Zinc"
discussed.
   Adjourned to meet at 8 =30 a. m.

                     MORNING SESSION.

   President called meeting to order.   Minutes  of the  two pre-
ceding meetings read and approved. 
MISSOURI DENTAL COLLEGE ASSOCIATION.        33
  Dr. Park, Secretary of the Missouri Dental College, submit-
ted his report.
  The election of the Board of Trustees resulted in Drs. Blake
and Rivers being re-elected,  and the election of Drs. Goodrich
and McCune to fill vacancies.
  The subjects "Aluminum for Plates,"  and  "Irregularities
of the Teeth" were  discussed.
  Adjourned to meet at 2 p.  m.

                     AFTERNOON SESSION.

  President in the chair.  Minutes read and approved.  Elec-
tion of officers for the following year next ensued. (For names
of officers elected see tabulated list.)
  St. Louis was selected for the place of the next annual meet-
ing, to be held in  June,  1871.   Delegates  were selected  to
attend the American Dental  Association  to  be convened  in
Memphis.
   The following were appointed essayists for the next meeting :
   Dr. Judd—Histology.
    "   Eames—Chemistry of the Saliva.
    "   Goodrich—Treatment of Ulcerated Teeth.
    "   Forbes—Irregularities of the Teeth.
    "  Black—General Pathology in its Relation to Filling Teeth.
    "   Porre—Gold  Foils.
   Dr. Goodrich installed  President.
  Adjourned to meet in St. Louis,  first  Tuesday in June, 1871-
                                J. R. Mathews, Secretary.
            SEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING.

                           St. Louis, Mo., June yth, i8yi.
  The Association met in the rooms of the Historical Society
in the  Polytechnic Institute,  and was  called  to  order by
Dr. Goodrich, President. 
^,4           MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE

  Dr. Judd read a paper on " The Status of the Dental Profes-
sion."
  Dr. Sol. Horine read a paper entitled,  "Teachings of the
Past and our Duty to our Patients."
  The subject of administering  chloroform was discussed by
all present.
  The following gentlemen were elected members of the Asso-
•ciation :
  G. W. Travis, L. L.  Mills, H. R. Sackett, J.  P.  Eddy,
A. H. Fuller, H. H. Keith and H.  A. Barlow.
  Adjourned to meet at 2 :30 p. m.

                    AFTERNOON SESSION.

  The subject of " Nerve Capping with Oxychloride of Zinc"
was  discussed by nearly  all present.
  Dr. Bartlett, of Boston, exhibited specimens of  Pyroxyline,
and gave  demonstrations of its merits  as a base for artificial
rteeth.
  Clinics at College Infirmary Wednesday morning at 8 o'clock.
  Adjourned to  10 A. m. June 8th.

                     SECOND SESSION.

  Owing to the interesting character of the clinics there was no
.morning session.

                    AFTERNOON SESSION.

  Election of Trustees to fill vacancies in the Board  of Trustees
of Missouri Dental College, resulted as follows :
  Dr.  G. A. Bowman elected to fill the vacancy caused by the
-death of Dr. H.  E. Peebles ; Drs. Forbes, Gregory,  McCoy and
;Kulp were re-elected.
  Resolutions expressive of the sense of the Association on the
■death of Dr. Peebles passed. 
          MISSOURI DENTAL  COLLEGE ASSOCIATION.        35

  Whereas, By  the  dispensation  of an all-wise Providence,
Dr. H. E. Peebles has been removed from among us, therefore,
be it
  Resolved, That  we remember  our departed brother  as  an
industrious and earnest  co-laborer  in his profession,  a  genial
companion and  Christian gentleman, beloved by those who
knew him best.
  Resolved, That we  tender to his  bereaved widow and family
our heartiest sympathy,  and mourn with  them in this the hour
of their affliction.
  Resolved, That the above resolutions be  spread  upon the
records of the Association, and a copy be transmitted to the
family of the deceased.
                              Dr. Ford,
                              Dr. Judd,
                              Dr. Goodrich,
                              Dr. Eames,

   Dr. Park read a paper on  " Contour Fillings," followed  by
discussion.
   Dr. Forbes read a paper on "Irregularities of the  Teeth ; "
discussion on the subject followed.
   Dr. Hale gave notice  that he should introduce a resolution at
the next meeting  of  this Association to change the name  to
Missouri State Dental Association.
  Kansas City was declared the choice of the Association for
the next annual meeting.  An election of officers for the follow-
ing year ensued.   (Names given in the tabulated list.)
  Adjourned to meet  at 2 p. m.

                    afternoon session.

  Dr. Luckie in the chair.
  Dr. Eames read a paper on "The Reduction of Gold Scraps
and Filings to Plate."
  Mechanical Dentistry was  introduced  and discussed by the
majority present.
  Dr. Goodrich read  a paper on " The Treatment of  Alveolar
Abscess."
  Adjourned to meet in Kansas City, June 4th, 1872.
                              G.  A Bowman, Rec. Sec'y.
> Committee.
 
-26          minutes  and proceedings of the

            EIGHTH ANNUAL  MEETING.
                             Kansas City, June 4, 1872.
  Meeting convened in Kansas City. President absent. Dr. J.
K. Stark, of Kansas City, was called to the chair.  Minutes of
last meeting read and approved.  Miscellaneous business trans-
acted.  Voted to change the name of the Association to that of
"Missouri State Dental Association."   The following gentle-
men elected to membership :
  W. M.  Hammond,  George M. Saul, S. M. Bradbury, S. B.
Prevost, H. C. Massie, C. B. Hewitt and W. C. Griswold.
  On motion of Dr. Black, members who have lost their mem-
bership by non-payment of dues might  be reinstated by' paying
last year's assessments.  By-laws amended accordingly.
  Adjourned to meet at 2 p. m.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
  Association met at 2 p. m.  Minutes read and approved.
  Dr. Eames, chairman of committee for revising the list of
names, made his  report.   There were but 35 members in good
standing, according to  the Constitutional requirements.
  On motion of Dr. Judd, the Secretary was instructed to notify
those in arrears that the  assessment of 1881 ($3.00)  if  paid
into the hands of the Treasurer will reinstate them.
  The following named gentlemen elected members :
  E.  M. Stockton, J.  C. Cravens, N.  M. McClelland   and
J. S. Moore.
  On motion of Dr. Eames, a committee was appointed to revise
the Constitution  and By-Laws of the Association, and  have
them, when adopted, printed.  Committee, Drs. Judd, Eames
and Hammond.
  On motion of  Dr. Goodrich, the Code of  Dental Ethics was
ordered printed in connection with Constitution and By-Law».
  Dr. Judd read a paper on "The Philosophy of  the Code of
Dental  Ethics;"   adopted by the  Association.   Discussion
followed.
  Adjourned to meet at 8 p. m. 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.
37
                     EVENING  SESSION.
  Association met at 8 o'clock.   President Stark in  the chair.
Minutes read and approved.   Subject of "Rubber Dam" intro-
duced, and discussed by Drs. Eames, Black, Darby and others.
Drs. Cushing and Dean, of Chicago, Dr. Bowman, of St. Louis,
and  Dr. Cravens,  of  Kansas  City,  were appointed clinical
demonstrators.   Clinics to take  place at 9 a. m., Wednesday.
  Adjourned to meet at 2 p. m., following  day.
                    AFTERNOON SESSION.

  Association met and was called to order by the  President.
Minutes  read and  adopted.  The subject of "Smooth  and
Serrated Pluggers" was discussed by Drs. Eames,  Goodrich,
Black, Dean, Cushing and Judd.
  The following were elected members of the Association :
  Dr. Darby, of St. Joseph, Dr. Thompson, of Topeka, Kan!,* -^J>v
and Drs. Wheeler and Patterson, of Lawrence.
  The following gentlemen were elected to fill vacancies  in the
Board of Trustees of the Missouri Dental College :
  Drs. G. V. Black, Edgar Park, G. A. Bowman, L. F. Prince
and Isaac ComstoCk.
  The use of Burring Engines was next discussed by Drs. Judd,
Goodrich, Cushing and others.
  Dr. Judd introduced the subject of a new disease of the teeth
—a  species of green tartar, to  appearance.  Its  pathology has
been but little understood.  The treatment has consisted mainly
in removing it.   In  almost all cases  it returns.  With reason,
German Pathologists regard it as a vegetable growth.
  Meeting adjourned to 8 p. m.
                      EVENING  SESSION.

  Meeting called to order.   President in  the chair.  Minutes
read and approved.  Dr. Goodrich read a paper on  "Oxychlo-
ride of Zinc for Capping Nerves."  Discussed by Drs.  Price,
Cushing, Dean and Black.
  Association adjourned to 10 a. m. 
38          MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE
                     MORNING SESSIOxN.
   Association met and was called to order by  the  President.
 Reading of minutes dispensed with.  Election of officers for the
 following year ensued.   (For names of officers elected, see
 tabulated list.)
   St. Joseph was selected as the next place of meeting.
   On  motion the Executive  Committee  was  authorized to
 appoint delegates to the American Dental Association to be held
 at Niagara.
   On motion a committee of three was appointed to confer with
 S. S. White, upon the proposed league of dentists to be formed
 to take action in reference to the Cumming's Patent.   Commit-
 tee, Drs. W. H. Eames, G. A. Bowman and H. Judd.
   Dr.  Griswold was invited to explain his method of applying
 his new  splint for compound fracture of the lower maxilla—a
 very ingenious and simple apparatus.
   On  motion a vote of thanks was extended to the College of
 Physicians and Surgeons, for the use of rooms for this Associa-
 tion during its session.
   Adjourned to meet at St. Joseph, on the first Tuesday in
 June, 1873.                             G. A. Bowman,
                                              Secretary.


              NINTH ANNUAL MEETING.

                               St.  Joseph,  June  3, 1873.
   Association met at  2  p. m., and was called  to order  by the
 President, Dr. J.  K. Stark.  Minutes of last  session read and
 approved.
   The following named gentlemen were admitted to member-
 ship :  Drs. W. W. Birkhead, F. D. Fellows, J. F. Hassell,
J. M. Austin, J. E. Hewlett, J. C. Eberly, J.  W. Menjr  and
 H. W. Fosdick.                                     h
  The report of committee, previously appointed to prepare a
 new Constitution and By-Laws, was read.  Part was accepted
 as submitted, and a part was amended to read as follows : 
MISSOURI STATE  DENTAL ASSOCIATION.
39
  Section i.  Honorary members shall consist of those who
are members of  the Dental or Medical professions, or of those
who are engaged in  scientific pursuits  collateral  thereto ; but
such Dental practitioners only as are non-residents of the State,
or retired active  members of this or other Dental Associations,.
shall be eligible to honorary membership in this Association.
  Sec 2.  All candidates  for honorary membership shall be
proposed and recommended by some active member when they
may be elected viva voce by  a majority of votes  of  members
present.
  Articles V,  VI, VII, VIII, IX and X were adopted without
discussion.
  Article XI was amended  to read as follows :
  Section i .  Any member charged with  dishonest or unpro-
fessional conduct, after an opportunity of being heard before a
committee appointed for this purpose, if the charge be sustained
may be reprimanded, suspended or expelled  by a  vote of two-
thirds of the members present.
   Articles XII and XIII were adopted without discussion.
                         BY-LAWS.
   Section i of Article I was adopted without discussion.
   Section 2 was amended to read :  The vote on  membership
may be taken viva voce,  a two-third  affirmative vote being;
necessary to entitle the applicant to membership.
  Section 1 of Article II was read and adopted.
  Section 2, Article III, was recommitted.   The balance of the
report adopted as read.
  Dr. Hammond read an essay on "Galvanism Caused by the
Contact  of Different  Metals  in  the  Mouth."  Discussed by
Drs. Judd, Wheeler, Reed, Darby, Hassell  and Cravens.
  Adjourned to meet  at 8 p. m.

                     EVENING SESSION.

  Association  met.  President in the  chair.   Minutes of last
session read and approved.
  Dr. Darby, Chairman of the Executive Committee, reported 
AQ          MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE

the names  of  Drs. H. Judd and J. B. Wheeler, as clinical
operators for to-morrow morning.  Clinics to take place at the
office of Dr. Darby.                                ,,   tv
  Dr. Judd read  a paper on " Spontaneous Abrasion.'    Dis-
cussed by most members  present.
  Adjourned to meet at 2 p. m., Wednesday 4th.
                   AFTERNOON  SESSION.
  Association met.  President in the chair.  Minutes  read  and
approved.
  The Committee on  Constitution  and By-Laws  made  an
amended report on portions  of the  same, which had been re-
committed ; which, on motion, was accepted, and the committee
discharged.
  On motion of Dr. Price,  the Constitution and By-Laws, as
amended, were adopted.
  On motion of Dr. Judd, the Secretary was instructed to have
three hundred  copies  of the Constitution  and  By-Laws, as
adopted, printed,  and to send each member of  the  Association
a copy.*
  Dr. F. A. Brewer read an essay entitled  "Success in the
Treatment  of  Exposed  Pulps."   Dr.  Brewer presented  two
rare works of antiquity to the library of the  Missouri Dental
College—Nasmyth's Researches on the Teeth ;  Life of John
Hunter, F. R. S., by Drewry Ottley, once  the  property of
Chapin A.  Harris, of Baltimore.  A vote of thanks was tendered
Dr.  Brewer for his donation.
   Dr. Eames made a verbal report of the " Status and Manage-
ment of the Missouri Dental Journal."
   On motion it was decided to hold the next annual meeting in
St. Louis,  at the  time of the meeting of the Mississippi Valley
Dental Association.
   Adjourned to meet at 8 p.  m.
                     EVENING SESSION.
   President called the meeting to order.  Reading of minutes
dispensed with.
   *See Constitution and By-Laws. 
           MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.          41

  An election  of officers resulted  as  follows:   (Names of
officers elected appear in tabulated list.)
  The next  order of  business, election of  Trustees  for the
Missouri Dental College to fill vacancies,  was entered upon,
with the following result:   Drs. A.  H. Fuller, Henry Newing-
ton, J. C. Goodrich and C. W. Rivers.
  Adjourned to meet at 9 a. m.

                     MORNING SESSION.
  Association met.  President in the chair.   Minutes of the
two preceding  sessions  read  and approved.   Officers  for the
following year installed.   Reports of the retiring officers sub-
mitted and adopted.  Dr.  Eames  moved that a new book be
procured, for the use of the Treasurer, in which the names of
the members in good  standing should  be entered,  and that,
hereafter, the Treasurer should receive and collect all monies
due the Association.
  On motion of Dr. Eames,  delegates were appointed to the
American Dental Association.
  Dr. Eames gave a brief history of Gutta Percha and its use as
a substitute for rubber.
  Filling teeth  was introduced and discussed till  the  hour of
adjournment arrived.
  Adjourned to meet in St. Louis at the time of the meeting of
the Mississippi  Valley Dental Association in March '74.
                                    W. H.  Eames, Sec'y.
              TENTH ANNUAL MEETING.
                       St. Louis,  Tuesday., March 3, 1874.
  Association called to  order by  the President,  Dr. J. A.
Price.  The following resolution in regard to members in ar-
rears was passed :
  Resolved, That any member of this Association, now  more
than two years in arrears for dues, shall  be reinstated to full
membership upon  the  payment of $5.00 to the  Treasurer for
such  arrears. 
42          MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE
  A paper entitled, "The Sixth  Year Molar," by Dr. F. A.
Brewer, was read by the Secretary.
  Adjourned to meet in joint session with the Mississippi  Val-
ley  Association, March 4th, at 10 a. m.
  Association called to order by the President, Dr. J. A. Price.
The following named gentlemen were admitted to membership :
Drs. F. T. Grimes, G. W. Goodrich, Geo.  N. Hoffman, John
J. R. Patrick, W. C. Jocelyn and M. A. Bartleson.
  Adjourned to meet Friday, 6th, at 2 p. m.
                       A. H. Fuller, Secretary pro tern.

                   AFTERNOON  SESSION.

  Association met and was called to order by the President.
Minutes of previous sessions  read and  approved.   Treasurer's
report received and adopted.  The election of trustees to fill
vacancies resulted  as follows :  Dr.  Isaac Forbes,  re-elected ;
Dr. W. F. Griswold, re-elected ;  Dr. H. Judd, in place of Dr.
McCoy; Dr. James A. Price, in place of Dr.  Kulp.  Election
of officers to serve the ensuing  year resulted as follows :   (See
tabulated list.)
  St. Louis was selected as the place for holding  the Eleventh
Annual Meeting,  commencing the first Tuesday in June, 1875.
  Adjourned.
           ELEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING.

                                St. L.ouis,  June 1, 1875.
  Association called to  order by the President, Dr. C.  W.
Rivers.   Reading of minutes of last session.
  The following named gentlemen were elected to membership :
Dr. J.C. McCoy,Boonville ; I.D. Pearce, Kirksville ; J.W. Reed,
Macon City; J. W.  Whipple, Dr. C. W. Spalding and  J. e!
Brecht, St. Louis, as active members, and Drs. C. B. Rowland,
Alton ; H. R. Rutledge, Hillsboro, as honorary members of the
Association. 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.         43;
  On motion, the name of Dr. F. A. Brewer was changed from
the roll of active to that of honorary members.   Drs.  N. C.
Stark, St. Louis, and Joseph Bowman, Shelbyville, were elect-
ed active members of the Association.
  Adjourned to  2 p. m.
                    AFTERNOON SESSION.
  Association called to  order by the President,  Dr.  C. W.
Rivers.  Minutes of last meeting  read and approved.   Topic
for discussion " What are  the benefits derived from a proper
care of Deciduous Teeth?"
  Adjourned to  meet at 8 p. m.
                     EVENING SESSION.
  Association called to  order by the President,  Dr.  C. W.
Rivers.  Minutes of last session read and approved.  Subject
for  discussion,  " Best Material  for  Filling Roots,"  partici-
pated in by Drs. Judd, Morrison, Bowman, Park and others.
  Adjourned to  meet Wednesday,  at 2 p.  m.
                  MORNING CALLED SESSION.
  Dr. Rivers in the chair.  Reading of minutes of last meeting
deferred.   Dr. Judd read  a paper entitled,  "Is it  worth it?"
Next subject:  " Rubber as an Irritant to the Tissues  of the
Mouth; what shall be  done with it?"   Discussed by most of
the members present.
  Adjourned to  2 p. m.
                    AFTERNOON SESSION.
  Association called to order by the President, Dr. Rivers. Min-
utes of last two sessions read and approved.   The topic " Cellu-
loid" was taken  up and discussed.   An election to fill vacancies
occurring in the  Board of Trustees of the  Missouri Dental Col-
lege resulted in the following gentlemen being elected : Drs. G.
V.  Black, Edgar Park, G.  A. Bowman, W. H.  Eames and.
W. N. Morrison.
  Dr. Sol. Horine read a paper entitled, " The Mouth and its
Appendanges."
  Adjourned to Thursday,  2 p. m. 
44
MINUTES  AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE
                   AFTERNOON SESSION.
  Dr. Rivers, President, in the chair.  Minutes read and ap-
proved.
  An election of officers to serve the ensuing year resulted as
follows :   (Names of officers elected appear in tabulated  list.)
  Sedalia was selected as the place for holding the next annual
meeting in 1876.
  On motion  of  Dr. Judd, the Association  voted to pay the
Secretary $25.00 per year for services.
  Dr. Patrick read a paper entitled, "Closure of the Jaws."
  Treasurer's report read and accepted.
  Adjourned to meet at Sedalia on  Tuesday, June 6th, 1876.
                                  W.  H.  Eames, Sec'y.
            TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING.

                             Sedalia, Mo., June 6, 1876.
   The twelfth annual meeting of the Missouri State Dental As-
sociation convened on Tuesday, June 6th, 1876, at Sedalia, Mo.
Meeting called to order at 10 A. m. by Dr. S. B. Prevost, Pres-
ident.   Reading of minutes of last session dispensed with.
   The following gentlemen were elected to membership :   J. P.
Gray,  L. O. Ellis, L. C. Wasson, Samuel A. Milton, A. Mc-
Cune and W. K. Christian.
   Dr.  Judd introduced the subject of "Finishing Fillings,"
which was discussed at some length.
   Adjourned to 2 p. m.

                    AFTERNOON SESSION.

   Association  called to order by the President.  Reading of
-minutes omitted.   The subject of " Finishing Fillings," intro-
duced by Dr.  Judd,  was discussed  by most members present.
A paper on " Oral Electricity " was read by Dr. Judd for  the
author, Dr. Chase.   The question of  " How Should  the filling 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.
45
of a cavity extending under the free margin of the gum be com-
menced?" was answered by Drs. Judd, Park, Pierce, Bowman
and others.
  Adjourned.
                    AFTERNOON SESSION.
  President called  meeting to  order.  Minutes of preceding-
meetings  read and  approved.  Dr. Park,  in  describing the
method he employed ingrafting a crown on the root of a lateral
incisor, said :   "A gold tube, with a screw cut upon the outer
surface to which  a gold pivot had been fitted,  was inserted in
the  root,   after  having been  prepared  by  dressing  down
as much as desired and filling the  apex.   A rubber tooth was
selected and fitted to the  root, leaving  a space between the
crown and the root upon the lingual  surface, the dam was ap-
plied, the pivot placed in the tube, and the crown adjusted and
held in place by gutta-percha.  The crown and pivot were then
removed and soldered, the pivot to the pins.  Two screws were
inserted in the lingual wall of the root, the crown  replaced in
position and attached firmly to the root by building up and
restoring the  lingual surface of the tooth with cohesive gold.
A channel of about one millimetre in width is then made along
the margin of the tooth, on  the labial surface, with  a fissure
drill; this channel is then filled, and the filling dressed off com-
pleting the operation."
   Dr. Bowman read  the report furnished by Dr. Chase of the
experiments conducted by the  " Experimental Club "  of St.
Louis.  Papers were read bty Dr. Pierce on " Cylinder Fillings ;"
Dr. Bowman, on " Filling Roots ;"  Dr.  Eames, on "Absorp-
tion."  The evening was  occupied by  public lectures—Drs.
Eames and Judd—subject:  " The Development and Care of
the Teeth."
   Adjourned to 2 :30 p. m.
                    AFTERNOON SESSION.
   Association called  to order  by the President.  Minutes of
previous session read and approved.
   On motion of Dr. Milton it was resolved that Sec.  2, of Art- 
46
MINUTES  AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE
 i, of the By-Laws be changed so as to read :   " The vote for
 membership shall be taken by ballot."
   An election to fill vacancies occurring in the Board of  Trus-
 tees of the Missouri Dental College next  followed, resulting in
 the re-election of Drs. Rivers, Newington, Fuller and Goodrich.
   An election of officers to serve the following year resulted as
 follows:  (Names of officers elected appear in tabulated list.)
   Treasurer made his report, showing the financial condition of
 the Association.  Total amount of funds in treasury, $65.85.
   Resolved, That the  names of  all members more  than two
 years in arrears be stricken from the roll of membership unless
 their dues  be paid within six months from date,  the Treasurer
 being instructed to notify all such members.
   On motion a committee of  three was appointed to draft and
 present to  the Legislature at  its  next session,  a bill regulating
 the practice of dentistry.   Drs.  Jas.  A. Price, W. H. Eames
 and S. B. Prevost were appointed committee.
   A committee of  two were  appointed to draft  resolutions  of
irespect to the memory of Dr.  A. W. Morrison.  Drs. Judd and
 Prevost, committee.  Committee reported as follows:
   Resolved, That  in the  death of Dr. A. W. Morrison, this
 Association has lost  an active,  useful and  energetic member,
 and we hereby express our sympathy with the friends and rela-
 tions of the deceased.
   Resolved, That  a  copy of these resolutions  be sent  to  the
 family of the deceased, and to the Dental Journals.
   Adjourned to  meet in  Kansas  City on the  first Tuesday in
 June, 1877.
                              W. H. Eames, Rcc. Scc'y.
           THIRTEENTH ANNUAL SESSION,
                    IX JOINT SESSION WITH
          THE KANSAS STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.
                              Kansas City, June 5, 1877.
   The Missouri State Dental Association convened in Kansas
'City, June 5th, 1877   Meeting called  to order by Dr.  G. A.
Bowman,  President.   Minutes of last session  read  and ap-
proved. 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.
47
  The following were elected members of the Association :  Drs.
C. B. Hewitt, W.  H. Buckley and J. B. D. Worley.
  Adjourned to meet at 2 p. m. in  joint session.

                   MORNING SESSION.
  Meeting called to order by  Dr. Patterson, of the Kansas
Association.  Dr. Thompson read a paper entitled, " Con-
servation of Pulpless Teeth."
  Adjourned.
                     EVENING  SESSION.
  Meeting called to order by the President.   The subject of
Dr. Thompson's paper was taken up and discussed.  A paper
on " Dental Alloys," by Dr. H. S.  Chase, was read by  Dr.
Price.
  Adjourned.
                     MORNING SESSION.
  Meeting called  to order by the President.  Dr. Wasson read
a paper entitled,  "Pulp  Capping."  A  paper on  "Dental
Education " was  next read by J. Campbell.
  On motion of Dr. Morrison,  the  Trustees of the Missouri
Dental College  were instructed to extend the term of two years
as soon as practicable,  and make  such  other  changes in the
curriculum as they might deem necessary to place the College
in the front rank as an educator.
  Adjourned to 8 a. m.
                     MORNING SESSION.
  The Association met at 8 a. m.  and was called to  order  by
Dr.  Bowman, President.  Minutes read and approved.  The
following were  elected  members :  Drs. A. J. Prosser, D. J.
McMilien and Alfred Reed.
  Resolutions of respect to the memory of Drs. Isaac Comstock
and  F. D. Fellows adopted.
  An election of trustees for the Missouri Dental College to fill
vacancies in the Board followed.  Drs. Judd, Price and Forbes
were elected.   Dr. Henry Fisher was elected to fill the vacancy
caused by the expired term of Dr. E. H. Gregory. 
48
MINUTES  AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE
  The committee on Legislative Enactment made their report,.
which  was adopted.
  Dr. I. D. Pierce was transferred, by request, from the roll of
active to that of honorary members.
  The following amendment to the By-Laws was passed :
  Resolved,  That no member shall speak more than twice on
any question or for more than five minutes at a time,  without
special permission of the Association.
  An election of officers resulted as  follows :  (Names of offi-
cers elected appear in  tabulated list.)
  Sweet Springs was declared the choice of the Association for
the next place of meeting.
  Adjourned to 8 a. m.
                     MORNING SESSION.
  Convention called to order by the President, Dr. G. A. Bow-
man.   Treasurer's report submitted.  The following were  ap-
pointed essayists for the next annual meeting:
  Wasson—Treatment of Exposed Pulps.
  Shultze—Treatment of Pulpless Teeth.
  D. J. McMillen—Mechanical Dentistry.
  W. N. Morrison—Irregularity : Cause  and Treatment.
  W. H. Eames—Dental Education.
  Homer Judd—Dental Literature.
  G. A. Bowman—Status of Dentistry.
  H. H. Keith—Cleft  Palates.
  G. V. Black—Microscopy and  Histology.
  Adjourned  to meet at Sweet  Springs  the  first Tuesday in
June, 1878.
                                       W. H.  Eames,
                                    Recording Secretary.
         FOURTEENTH  ANNUAL  MEETING.
                           Sweet Springs, June 4, 1878.
  Association convened at Sweet Springs at 10 a. m.   Dr. Tin-
dall, President, called the meeting to order.
  The following were elected  and declared  members of  the 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.          49
Association :   Drs. J. G. Harper and Christian Mathiason.
  A committee to draft resolutions of respect to the memory of
Dr. C. W. Rivers was appointed.
  Order of business for the  following days adopted.
  Adjourned.
                     EVENING SESSION.

  Meeting called to order by the President.  Minutes of pre-
vious meeting read and approved.
  The following elected to membership :  Dr. J. S. Latord.
  The subject of "Irregularity:  Cause and Treatment," taken
up, and discussed by  Drs. Eames, Keith, Fuller, Price, Stevens
and others.   An interesting discussion on "Pyorrhea Alveolaris,
or Rigg's Disease,"  introduced by Dr. Eames, followed.
  Adjourned to meet at 9 a. m.

                     MORNING SESSION.

  Association  called  to  order by the President.   Minutes of
last meeting  read and approved.   Dr. J. S. James was elected
to membership.
  The  subject of "Mechanical  Dentistry"  opened  with an
essay by Dr. D.  J.  McMillen.   Discussion  followed,  partici-
pated in by most members present.
  Adjourned to 7 .'30 p. m.

                     EVENING SESSION.

  Meeting called to order by the President.  Reading of min-
utes dispensed with.
  W. J. Barnett and F. H.  Lane were elected members of the
Association.
  On motion, Section 2 of Article I of By-Laws was amended
by  striking out the first clause and making the said section read
as follows :   "A two-thirds affirmative vote shall be necessary
to entitle the applicant to membership."
  The committee appointed to draft resolutions of respect to the
memory of Dr. C. W. Rivers reported as follow* : 
50
MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF  THE
                   itx  Mcmofiam.
To the Officers and Members of the State Dental Association :
  We, your committee—appointed to draft resolutions expres-
sive of the Sense of this Association on the  death of Dr. C. W.
Rivers, would most respectfully offer  the following  as our re-
port, viz :
  Since our last meeting, this Association has sustained an irre-
parable loss by the  death of Dr. C. W. Rivers, who, after a
long, lingering and painful illness, departed this life on the 16th
day of September, 1877, in Atlanta, Ga.   Dr. Rivers was  one
of the first, and remained a faithful member of this Association
until the day of his death.  His wise council and genial manner
will be most sadly missed.   He was  a  man who loved his pro-
fession, and did much to elevate its standard,  and was ever
ready to lend a helping hand to his professional brothers.   He
was one of the first Trustees of  the Missouri Dental College,
and at his death still a member of said board.   At one time he
was Professor of Operative Dentistry, and Dean of the  Faculty
of that institution.  He leaves a wife and four children to mourn
his loss.  Therefore, be it
  Resolved, That in the death of  Dr. C. W. Rivers, this Asso-
ciation has lost  one of its  oldest and most faithful members ; the
church of which he was a member, a most exemplary Christian,
his wife and children,  a kind, devoted,  and  loving husband and
father.  While it is not in our power to do or say anything to
soothe their sorrowing hearts, we do most  earnestly tender to
them the heartfelt sympathies of this Association in their most
sad affliction.
  Resolved, That the foregoing be spread upon the records of
this Association, and the  Missouri Dental Journal be requested
to publish the same, and  the Secretary instructed to forward a
copy to the wife of our lamented brother.
                           Jas. A. Price,   "]
                           D. J. McMillen, \ Committee.
                           L. O. Ellis.     J
  The subjects of " Exposed Pulps " and " Cleft Palates " were
taken up and discussed.
  Adjourned to meet  at 9 a. m. Thursday morning. 
            MISSOURI STATE DENTAL  ASSOCIATION.         51

                     MORNING SESSION.
  President in the chair.  Minutes of last two sessions read and
approved.
  An election for Trustees of  the Missouri Dental College fol-
lowed with  the following result:  Drs. W. H. Eames, Edgar
Park, W. N. Morrison, G. A. Bowman and G.  V. Black, re-
elected.   G. W. Tindall, elected to fill the vacancy caused by
the death of Dr. C. W.  Rivers.   Dr.  J. C. McCoy elected  to
fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Henry Fisher.
  The name of Dr. J. B. Morrison was transferred from  the list
of active to that of honorary members.
  Dr. Price offered thefollowing resolution, which was adopted :
  Whereas, The Dental Profession in this State has long felt
the necessity of a good journal; and,
  Whereas, Messrs. A. M.  Leslie & Co. have taken  charge
of, and  with great care,  attention and  expense, made  the Mis-
souri Dental Journal not only first-class, but second to none in
the country ; therefore,  be it—
   Resolved, That this Association, fully realizing and  appre-
ciating the efforts of Messrs.  A. M. Leslie &  Co. to furnish a
good journal, by  which  much valuable information is communi-
cated, and the profession enlightened, we therefore recommend
it to the profession generally for their  support.
  The following were elected officers of the Association to serve
thefollowing year:   (Names  of officers  appear in tabulated
list.)
  Treasurer's report submitted.
  Adjourned to meet at Sweet Springs, June 3rd, 1879.
                                    W.  H. Eames, Secy.
           FIFTEENTH  ANNUAL  MEETING.
                     MORNING SESSION.
  President Dr. A. H. Fuller called the meeting to order.
  The following were presented and declared elected members
of the Association :   Drs. W. T. Stark, Charles HungerfordyS.
S. Harris and O. A. Jones.
  The President, Dr. Fuller, read his annual address. 
52           MINUTES  AND PROCEEDLNGS OF  THE

  Dr. Goodrich made some remarks on  " Dental Legislation,
and called attention to the violation of the Code by members of
-the Association.
  Thefollowing amendment to the Constitution was adopted:
  Resolved, That Section 2 of Article VI. be amended, as fol-
lows :  Strike out in first line  of said  section all after the  word
"shall"  to the word "appoint," in third line, so that said sec-
tion shall read as follows :
  Sec. 2. The Executive Committee  shall appoint essayists,
issue notices of meetings, secure room or place of holding meet-
ings, and such other duties as  appertain to this office.
  Add a new section to said article, as follows :
  Sec. 3. There shall  be elected, annually, a  Committee of
Censors, whose duty it shall  be to examine all  applicants for
membership, and report the result  of such examination to  the
Association.
  An essay by  Dr. Ottify on " The effect of Arsenic upon  the
Pulp" was discussed by Drs.  Eames  and Morrison.
  Adjourned to 2 p. m.

                    AFTERNOON SESSION.

  President in the chair.  Minutes of previous sessions read and
approved.
  The  name of Dr. Cress was presented for  membership.
  Drs. Forbes and  Judd were transferred  from the  roll  of
active to that of honorary membership.
  Adjourned to 9 a. m.

                     MORNING SESSION.

  Association called  to order by  the President.  Minutes of
previous meeting read and approved.
  A paper entitled " Mixed Fillings," by Dr. Prosser, was dis-
cussed by Drs. Goodrich,  Earner, McMillen,  Ellis,  Patrick,
Spalding, McKellops, McCoy  and Hewitt.
  Dr. Morrison gave some interesting sketches of his trip around
the world.
  The Secretary presented specimens of Caulk's " Diamond 
           MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.         53

Cement;"  also a  monograph by Dr.  C. S. Smith (Celluloid
Co.) entitled  "Artificial  Teeth."
  Adjourned  to 8 p. m.

                     EVENING SESSION.

  Association called to order by the Vice-President, Dr. Mc-
Millen.   Minutes of morning session read and approved.
  Dr. Thomas Flint  was elected a member of the Association.
  Dr. J. J. R. Patrick read an essay entitled " Dental Fallacies."
Discussed by Dr. Spalding.
  A committee of three members was appointed to examine and
report the condition of the  teeth in the  mouths of the  colored
help about the Springs.   Morrison, Fuller, Stark, committee.
  Adjourned to 2 p.  m.

                    AFTERNOON SESSION.
  Meeting called to order by the President.   Minutes of last
session read and approved.
  Dr. McKellops called attention to the filling of roots with car-
bolized cat-gut and gutta percha.   Desired the  profession to
make a trial  of it.
  Dr. Eames read a paper on " Dental Education."
  The subject of "Dental Schools" was  discussed by  most  of
the members present.
  The following were elected members of the Board of Trustees
of the Missouri Dental College :   Drs. J. C. Goodrich,  J. J. R.
Patrick, W.  G. Eliot, D. D. and C. W. Stevens,  M. D.
  Adjourned to 8 p.  m.

                     EVENING  SESSION.

  Meeting called to  order  by the President.   Minutes of last
session read  and approved.
  The following were admitted  to membership : Drs. J.  Ward
Hall and A. Noland.
  Treasurer's report submitted, audited and adopted.
  The  following officers for the ensuing year were  elected ■ 
■CA           MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS  OF THE

(Names of officers appear in tabulated list.)   Sweet  Springs
declared the choice  of the Association for the next place of
meeting.
  Adjourned to 9 .-30 a. m.

                     MORNING SESSION.
  Meeting called to order by the  President.   Minutes of pre-
ceding session read and approved.
  Dr. McKellops tendered his resignation as a member of the
Executive Committee.   Resignation  accepted.   Dr.  J. G.
Harper was  elected to fill vacancy.
  Dr. Hall made some remarks on replantation.  Discussed by
Drs. Goodrich, Keith, McCoy, Eames and Fuller.
  Dr.  Darby, ist Vice-President,  was installed.  Minutes read
and approved.
  Adjourned to meet at Sweet Springs the first Tuesday in June,
a 880.
           SIXTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING.

  Meeting convened in Sweet  Springs Hall, and was called to
order by Dr. C. H. Darby, ist Vice-President.
  With a view to carrying out  the suggestions of the Secretary,
Dr. Price moved that all papers and  essays read  before this
body be regarded as the property of the Association,  and be
placed in  the hands of the Secretary for publication, and that
copies or  extracts should not be given to any  other party for
publication, until after their publication in the  transactions of
the Association.  Motion carried.
  At the request of Dr. Patrick, a committee of three was ap-
pointed to witness some clinical experiments, showing the effect
by contact of some of the elements found in the oral cavity,  on
the constituents of  Amalgams.  Drs. Darby, Fuller,  Harper,
McCoy and Hassell, committee.
  On motion of Dr. Price, a committee was appointed to revise 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.
55
the Constitution and By-Laws.  Drs. Price, Fuller and McCoy,
committee.
  Adjourned to 2 p. m.
                    AFTERNOON  SESSION.
  President called Association to order.  Minutes of morning
session  read and approved.   Committee  of  Censors reported
favorably on names presented for membership, and they were
elected   members.    Drs.  James   McKee,  C.  F  Wright,
W. N.  Conrad, E. N. LeVeine, R. R.  Vaughan and J. G.
Hollingsworth.
  Dr. Hewitt, President, read his annual address.
  A committee was appointed to  draft resolutions of respect to
the memory of Dr. S. S. White.   J. A. Price,  J. G. Harper,
J. F. Hassel, committee.
  Dr. Bowman read a paper entitled, " Artistic and Expressional
Dentistry."
  The use of gold and platinum foil for restoring the contour of
teeth and for grinding surface fillings was discussed by most of
the members present.
  Adjourned to 8 p. m.
                     EVENING SESSION.

  President  called meeting to order.   Minutes  of  previous
meeting read and approved.
  Adjourned to 10 a. m.

                     MORNING SESSION.
  President in the chair.  Minutes of previous session read and
approved.
  Dr. J. C. McCoy offered a resolution  as an amendment to the
Constitution, Art. IV., establishing two  standing committees,
named  respectively, Publication Committee, consisting of three
members, and  a Committee on  Ethics,  of  five  members.
Passed.
  Dr. Conrad read an essay entitled, "Anesthetics."
  Adjourned to 8 p. m. 
56
MINUTES  AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE
                     EVENING SESSION.

  President  in the chair.   Minutes of previous  meeting read
and approved.
  The following resolution was passed.
  Resolved,  That it is the sense of the  Association that institu-
tions  of  learning should choose  the members  of  their  own
" Board of Trustees," and therefore that the filling of vacancies
in the Board of Trustees in the Missouri Dental College be and
is hereby referred to the College.
  The committee to draft resolutions of respect to the memory
of Dr. S. S.  White,  made the  following report, which was
adopted :



To the  Officers  and Members of the  Missouri State Dental
      Association:
  Whereas, Death  has called  from  our  ranks our beloved
friend, Dr. Samuel S. White, who for so many years has been
closely identified with the advancement of our profession, and
whose name wherever met is ever a practical guarantee of the
earnestness  of his efforts  to  lighten our labors and advance
our  art; and
   Whereas, We feel that  in his  death we have lost not only
a professional brother, but a man whose nobleness of character,
purity of mind, and generosity of hand and heart,  should ever
make him to be remembered  as one worthy of being humbly
followed in our lives.  Therefore, be it
   Resolved,  That, by the  death of  Samuel S.  White,  this
Association  and the entire profession has lost one of its most
useful and honored members, whose beneficent acts shall ever
hold a green place in the memories of  his admiring and appre-
ciating brethren, who are left behind to  enjoy the fruits of his
labors.   Be it also
   Resolved,  That this Association hereby  tender his bereaved
family its heartfelt sympathies and condolence in this their sad
bereavement; and  may that  God in  whom  he so  implicitly
trusted speak peace to their  sad  hearts in their  distress.  And
be it further
   Resolved,  That the foregoing  be spread  upon the minutes of 
           MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.         57

the Association, a copy sent to the family of the deceased, and
the Dental Cosmos be requested to publish the same.
                             J. F. Hassell,^
                             J. G. Harper, ^ Committee.
                             J. A. Price,  J
  Dr. Patrick read his paper,  " Oral Electricity  and  the  New
Departure," and  received a vote of thanks.   The paper was
placed in hands of the Publishing Committee.
  Adjourned to 10 a. m.
                     MORNING SESSION.
  Association called  to order by  the  President.  Minutes of
last session read and approved.  Dr. A. H. Fuller read a paper
entitled, " Materials for Filling Teeth."   Dr. Milton read a
paper on " The Conservation  of the Pulp."
   Adjourned to 2 p. m.
                    AFTERNOON SESSION.
   Meeting called to order by the  President.  Minutes of last
session read and approved.  Sweet Springs was  declared the
unanimous choice of  the Association for the place of the next
annual meeting.  The following officers were  elected to  serve
for the years of 1880 and 18*1 :  (Names  of officers  appear in
tabulated list.)   Treasurer's report  submitted,  audited and
accepted.
   Adjourned to meet at Sweet Springs, in  June, 1881.
                     W.  H.  Eames,  Recording Secretary.
         SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING.

                           Sweet Springs, June 28, 1881.
  Association  called to order by the President,  Dr. J. G. Har-
per.   Minutes of last session read and approved.  The follow-
ing gentlemen  answered to roll-call:
  Drs. James A. Price, G.  A. Bowman, G. W. Tindall, J. W.
Meng, R. R. Vaughan, L.  O. Ellis, C. Prevost, C. B. Hewitt, 
58          MINUTES AND  PROCEEDINGS OF  THE
 E. N. LaVeine, A. H. Fuller, J. S. Letord, C. H. Darby, W.
 N. Conrad, O. A. Jones, J. J. R.  Patrick, J.  G. Harper and
 W. H. Eames.
   Dr.  W. N.  Conrad presented the name of E. B. Crane, of
 California, Mo.,  for membership.   The  Executive Committee
 asked  for  further time  to make  their  report.  (Allowed.)
 Special committee  to  revise Constitution and  By-Laws  were
 granted further time to make their report.
   The charge against Dr. H. S.  Chase, submitted to the  Com-
 mittee on Ethics, was called up.  Dr. Ellis reported that nothing
 had been  done by the committee.  As the Committee on Ethics
 was not present, on motion of  Dr. Price, the matter was  taken
 out of the hands of said committee  and  referred to a special
 committee, consisting of Drs. Price, Ellis and Meng.
   Dr. Eames,  chairman  of Publishing  Committee,  made  a
 verbal report, which was received.   Dr. Eames, on the part of
 A. M. Leslie, agreed to publish the transactions of the Associa-
 tion free of  charge, and suggested that the offer  be accepted,
 and the transactions published  in book form.  The suggestions
 were adopted, including the offer of Mr. A. M. Leslie.
   On motion of Dr. Patrick, a  vote of thanks was tendered Mr.
 A. M. Leslie for his generous offer.
   The following resolution of  Dr. Patrick was passed :   That
 the Secretary (with such assistance as he may deem necessary)
 furnish the daily  press with an abstract of the proceedings of
 this Association from time to time.
   Adjourned to 2 p. m.
                    AFTEROON SESSION.
   Association called to order by Dr. A. H. Fuller.  Minutes of
 last session read and approved.  Dr. J. G. Harper, the Presi-
 dent, read his annual  address.   Dr.  Conrad moved that a vote
 of thanks be  tendered the President for the same.   (Carried.)
   Adjourned to 2 =30 p. m.
                   AFTERNOON  SESSION.
   Association called to order by the President.  Minutes of last
session read and approved.  Board of Censors reported favor- 
MISSOURI STATE  DENTAL ASSOCIATION.          59
ably on the application of E. B. Crane, and recommended his
election to membership.  On ballot, Dr.  E.  B.  Crane  was
duly elected.  Dr. Bowman  being  called on, explained, orally
and by illustration, his morning clinic, describing his method of
performing it.  The clinics of Drs. Bowman and  Darby were
discussed by most of the members  present.   On motion  of
Dr. Fuller, Dr. Conrad's paper was made the order of business
for the ensuing session.   The order of business for Thursday
morning was changed to that of clinics.
  Adjourned to 8 p. m.

                     EVENING SESSION.
  President in the chair.  Minutes of last session  read and
approved.   Communications  from Drs. H.  S. Chase and J. C.
McCoy were read by the  Secretary,  received and ordered  to
be placed on file, and  the Secretary instructed to convey  to
Dr. McCoy the regrets of the Association.   Dr.  Conrad's paper
on "Irregularity," being the order of business, was read, and
listened to with marked attention.
  Adjourned to meet at 2 : 30, Thursday.
                    AFTERNOON  SESSION.
  President  in the chair.  Minutes of last session  read and
approved.   Report  of  Executive  Committee  received.  Dr.
Price reported upon the revision  of the Constitution and  By-
Laws, recommending that the Association  proceed to procure
a charter.  Dr. Goodrich moved  that the committee be contin-
ued as formed at last session, and instructed to procure a char-
ter and draft by-laws to  be presented at  next annual meeting.
Carried.  Dr. J. W. Reed, Mexico, Mo., read a paper entitled,
" The New Departure."
  Adjourned to meet at  10 a. m.
                     MORNING SESSION.

  President in the chair.   Reading of the minutes dispensed
with.  Dr.  Meng  moved that a committee  be appointed  to
recommend some student as a beneficiary from this Association 
6o
MINUTES  AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE
to the Baltimore College of Dentistry—Drs. Stevens, Bowman
and Darby, committee.  Communications were read from Dr.
H. S. Chase, and, on motion  of Dr.  Goodrich,  the report  of
the  committee on the case of Dr. H. S. Chase was ordered to
be published, as an explanation of the notice  given  by the re-
porter as the action of the Association in this matter.
  On motion of Dr. Gray, a  committee was appointed  to draft
a bill for a  dental law, to be  presented to the Legislature, and
to report at the  next meeting.  Committee—J. P. Gray, G. L.
Shephard and L. O. Ellis.
  Dr. Latord exhibited  a cast gold plate for the consideration
and opinion of the Association.  Dr.  Ellis had cast a plate by
the  method suggested by Dr. Latord with great satisfaction, the
adaptation being very good, and it is  being worn  with comfort.
On  motion of Dr. Shephard, Dr. Latord was requested to give
a clinic at the next meeting, demonstrating his method  of cast-
ing  gold  plates.
  Dr. Patrick gave some explanation of a microscopical speci-
men of a grain of wheat, showing the  arrangement of the differ-
erent constituents.
  On ballot, Sweet Springs was selected as the place for hold-
ing  our next annual meeting, June, 1882.
  Adjourned to 2 p. m.

                   AFTERNOON SESSION.

  Association called to ordered  by the  President.  Minutes  of
last session read and approved.
  On motion of Dr. Fuller, Dr. Patrick's name was transferred
from the roll of active to that  of honorary membership.
  Election of officers for 1881-82 resulted as follows :
President,           Dr. C. H. Darby,     St. Joseph, Mo.
ist  Vice-President,      " J.  W. Reed,       Mexico,
2nd Vice-President,     "  D. J. McMillen,  Brunswick, "
Recording Secretary,    " W. H. Eames,     St. Louis,  "
Corresponding  Sec'y,   " J. G, Harper,        "
Treasurer,             « J. A. Price,       Weston,    « 
           MISSOURI  STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.         61

Executive Committee—L. O. Ellis, G.  L.  Shephard, J. P.
  Gray, Sedalia.
Board  of  Censors—G. A. Bowman, St. Louis; G. W. Tin-
  dall, Kansas City; C. W. Hewitt, Kansas City.
Committee on Ethics—E. N.  LaVeine, Kansas City; J. C.
  Goodrich, Wentzville; B. Q.  Stephens, Hannibal; R. R.
  Vaughan, Glasgow; J. S. Latord, Nevada.
Publishing Committee—W.  H.  Eames, St. Louis ; G. A Bow-
  man, St. Louis : A. H. Fuller, St. Louis.
  The Treasurer made the following report:
 To the Officers and Members of the Missouri Slate Dental As-
  sociation :
  Gentlemen—I have the honor to submit the following report
of  monies received and paid out since my last report to date,
viz : from 1880 to 1881 (June)  :
June, 1880, To cash  on hand last report...............$40.50
June, 1881, Received for dues.......................  50.00
            Received for fee........................   2.00
                 Total............................$92.50
                                               Cr.
June, 1880, By amount paid Dr. Eames' salary....... $25.00
June, 1881, By amount paid Executive Committee......  12.00
           By amount paid Dr. Eames' postage, etc. . .   1.50

                                                  $38.50

              Balance on hand.....................  54-oo

                 Total............................$92.40
  Bills of expenses for clinics, etc., not yet paid.
  All of which is respectfully submitted.
                                           J.  A. Price.
  Report  approved.
  Committee appointed to recommend or name some student as
a beneficiary to the Baltimore College selected the name of R.
R. Vaughan, Glasgow.  Report approved.
  Adjourned to meet  on the First Tuesday in June, 1882, at
Sweet Springs, Missouri.                W. H. Eames,
                                   Recording Seer eta ry. 
62
MINUTES and PROCEEDINGS  OF THE
Resolutions passed at  Sweet  Springs by the  Missouri  State
  Dental Association, in June, 1878.
  Whereas, The Missouri State  Dental Association has been
regally  entertained  as  invited  guests by the  Sweet Springs
Company during its present annual session ; and—
  Whereas, We regard the waters of the  "Saratoga  of the
West"  as of great  value to the  invalid, possessing  medicinal
properties which render them  eminently superior as a correc-
tion for indigestion and dyspepsia, and the place, by its pleasant
surroundings, fitted  for  a  resort for health and  recreation;
therefore—                                 .  .
  Resolved, That the  thanks  of this  Association are hereby
tendered the Sweet Springs Company for their  generous  and
hospitable entertainment, and especially to Messrs. Leslie Mar-
maduke and Joseph Huckins, for their polite and courteous at-
tention  during our stay, making  this meeting an occasion to
which we shall ever recur with pleasure.
  Resolved, That this Association hold its next annual meeting
at Sweet Springs, and  that we, the attendant members, will use
our influence to induce our friends and professional brethren to
join with us in a grand reunion in  1879.
  % Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be furnished the
Sweet Springs Company, and  a  copy sent  to  the journals for
publication.
                           John C. McCoy,!
                           J as. A. Price,   \  Committee.
                            A.  H. Fuller.   J
          EIGHTEENTH  ANNUAL MEETING.

                              Sweet Springs, June 6, 1782.
  Association called to order by the President, Dr. C. H. Darby.
The following members answered to roll-call at this meeeting r
James A. Price,
Franklin Swop,
Geo. L. Shepard,
W. H. Buckley,
A. J. Prosser,
John R. James,
C. W. Spalding,
O. A. Jones,
John G. Harper,
J. W. Meng,
J as. S. McKee,
W. H. Eames,
Weston,
Boonville,
Sedalia,
Kearney,
St. Louis,
Brownsville,
St. Louis,
Aullville,
St. Louis,
Lexington,
Brownsvi le,
St. Louis,
Mo.
J. G. Hollingsworth, Kansas City,
B. Q. Stevens,       Hannibal,
G. A. Bowman,
J. P. Gray,
C. B. Hewitt,
D. J. McMillen,
A. H. Fuller,
J. S. Letord,
C. H. Darby,
J. J. R. Patrick,
T. F. Hassell,
E. N. LaVeine,
W. N. Conrad,
J. Reed,
R. R. Vaughan,
St. Louis,
Clinton,
Kansas City,
Brunswick,
St. Louis,
Nevada,
St. Joseph,
Belleville,
Lexington,
Kansas City,
St. Louis,
Mexico,
Glasgow,
Mo.
 111.
Mo.
Edward B. Crane,  California, 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.          63
  During the four  days'  meeting  the  following named  new
members were duly elected and qualified :
John \\. Plummp.r,   Fulton,    Mo.  E. E. Shattuck,    Kansas  City, Mo.
Jas. F. McWilliams,  Mexico,     "   Geo. P. Holmes,    St. Louis,
E. W. Stevens,      Cameron,   "   B. F. Dunn,        Miami,      "
J. W. Burton,       Gallatin,    "   W. M. Carter,      Sedalia,
M. C. McNamara,    St. Louis,   "   S. S. Rowe,        Moberly,
  Reading of minutes of last session dispensed with.
  Dr.  Shepard,  Chairman of Executive Committee, made a
verbal report, which was received, and the Doctor requested to
make a written report.
  Committee of  Censors and Committee on Ethics had no re-
port to make.  Dr. Eames, Chairman of Publishing Committee,
reported verbally, and asked further time, which was granted.

                 SPECIAL COMMITTEE REPORT.

  Dr. Price, Chairman of Committee  on Revision of Constitu-
tion and By-Laws,  made a verbal report, and asked for further
time.   Granted.   Order to  report at Wednesday evening ses-
sion at 8 p. m.
  Dr.  Gray, Chairman of  Legislative Committee, made a
verbal report, and  on motion, was granted till Thursday after-
noon, the report being made the third  order of business.
  Motion to fill  vacancies in Board of Censors, caused by ab-
sence of Drs. Tindall and Hewitt was passed, and Drs. Hassell,
of Lexington, and Reed, of Macon, appointed.
   Dr.  Gray suggested a  question-box—questions to be  read
and discussed under head of miscellaneous  business  at  the
close of each session.  Suggestion adopted.
   A communication was read by the Secretary from  Dr. W. H.
Hoffman, Secretary of Southern Dental Association, which was
received and placed on file—action on it being postponed  until
later in the session.
   Adjourned to meet at  2 p. m.

                    AFTERNOON SESSION.

   Association called to order by the President.  Minutes of
last session read and approved. 
04.          MINUTES AND  PROCEEDINGS  OF THE

  On motion of Dr. Eames, the name of Dr. James, of Boone-
ville, was changed from the roll of active  to  that of honorary
membership.  Dr. Darby read his  annual address, which was
received with a vote of thanks.  Discussed and passed.
  Dr. Eames made a brief  report on  the Illinois  State Dental
Society meeting at Quincy.  Dr. Bowman reported a clinic by
Dr. Mattison  at the same meeting,  describing the  Doctor's
method of putting in a gold crown.
  Adjourned to 9 a. m., Wednesday.
                     MORNING SESSION.
  Association called to order by the ist Vice-President, Dr.
Reed ; Dr. Conrad, Secretary pro tern.
  Reading of  minutes of last session.
  Dr. J. G. Harper read a  paper entitled,  "Children's Teeth."
Paper discussed by several members and passed, and regular
order of business was suspended to  receive report of the Board
of Censors.
  A communication was received from Dr. C. Prevost request-
ing the Association to drop his name from  the  list of active
members.   On motion Dr. Prevost's dues were  remitted, and
his name dropped from the roll.
  Dr. Conrad read his essay entitled, "Mercury and its Effects
upon the Teeth."   A lively discussion followed to the hour of
adjournment.
  Adjourned  to meet at 2 p. m,
                    AFTERNOON SESSION.
  Association called  to order by the President,  Dr. Darby.
Minutes of last session read and approved.
   On motion, Dr. James' dues to the Association were remitted.
   Dr. Letord, being called upon to explain his method of cast-
ing  gold  plates,  said he had nothing to offer on the subject  at
this time, but expected at some future meeting to give a  dem-
onstration of it before  the Association.
   On motion, the subject of Dr. Conrad's paper was passed.
   On motion, the order of business referring to the reading of 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.
65
essays was changed so  as  to have the reading of Dr. T.  C.
Conrad's paper on  "Tumors of the Oral Cavity" next in order.
Paper read by Dr. W. N. Conrad.  Passed without discussion.
A vote of thanks was tendered  the  author, and  Dr. W.  N.
Conrad instructed to convey the same to his brother.
   Dr. Patrick's paper, " Irregularity of the Teeth," was read,
and  his appliances  for correcting  such cases were  exhibited.
   On  motion  the subject was  passed, and  a  vote  of thanks
tendered Dr. Patrick for his very able paper.
   Adjourned to 8 p. m.
                      EVENING  SESSION.
   Association called to order by the President.   Minutes  of
last session read and approved.
   Report of Committee on  Revision  of Constitution and By-
Laws was read by  the Secretary and accepted.
   On motion the amendments recommended  in the report were
taken up, serlatum, and adopted.*
   Resolved, That Art. IX of  the Constitution stand as  it is
until  a new code of ethics be adopted by this Association, and
that  a committee consisting of  three  members be  appointed to
make a revision of the Code, to  report at the next annual meet-
ing.   Adopted.
   Adjourned to meet at 9 a. M.,for clinics and for an afternoon
session at 2 p. m.
                    AFTERNOON SESSION.
   Association  called to order by the President.  Minutes  of
the last session read and approved.
   The revision of the Code was  referred to the Committee  on
the revision of the Constitution.
   Dr. Eames made  a report on  the publication  of  proceedings
of the Association and  suggested that  the  proceedings of the
present session be published with those now in print.
   On motion the matter was referred to the Publication Com-
mittee.
   Dr. Conrad explained his method of putting in  a porcelain
crown.
*See Constitution and By-Laws. 
66
MINUTES  AND PROCEEDLNGS OF THE
  Dr. Hassell's paper being next in order, was  read by the
author and discussed by several members.
  Dr. Price made a supplementary report of Committee on Re-
vision of Constitution and By-Laws.*
  Dr. Reed's paper being next in order was read by the author.
  On motion the report of the Legislative Committee was made
by Dr. Gray.  Report accepted and adopted.
  On motion Dr. Spalding was placed on the committee to fill the
vacancy occasioned by the removal of Dr. Ellis from the State.
                    EVENING  SESSION.
  Association called to order by the President.  Reading  of
minutes of last session dispensed with.
  Dr. Patrick read a very interesting paper.  He also explained
his method of putting on a gold crown at the morning's clinics.
  Adjourned to 9 a. m., Friday.
                    MORNING SESSION.
  Association  called to order by the  President.   Minutes  of
last two sessions read, amended and approved.
  On motion the sum of fifty dollars was donated  by the Asso-
ciation towards defraying the expenses of sending a committee
to examine the Archilogical Cabinets of  this country  as  pro-
posed by the Illinois Dental Society.
  The Secretary read a paper by Dr. Fuller, entitled "Progress
of Dentistry."  Paper received with a vote  of thanks.
  Dr. Bowman described a new method of holding the  rubber
dam by means of a rubber ring, suggested by Dr. Swazey,  of
Chicago.
  Selection of place of holding next annual meeting being in order,
Sweet Springs received the  unanimous  vote of the Association.
  On motion it was decided to convene for the next  annual
meeting, Tuesday, July  11, 1883.
  Election of officers for 1883.   (See tabulated list.)
                    AFTERNOON SESSION.
  Association  called to order by the  President.   Minutes  of
the morning session read and approved.   Drs.  Spalding, Con-
rad, Hewitt, McNamara and McMillen were appointed dele-
   *See Constitution. 
            MISSOURI  STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.          67

gates to  the American  Dental Association.  The  Executive
Committee were instructed to fill blanks for other members to fill
vacancies.
             REPORT OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Mr. President, and  Gentlemen of the  Missouri State Denial
     Association:
  Your Executive Committee  respectfully submit to your con-
sideration the following report:
  When  your  committee were elected they unanimously  re-
solved that the work intrusted to them should be punctually and
faithfully performed,  and to further this end  monthly meetings
of the committee were  decided upon,  and  carried  out  with
considerable regularity,  until the  loss of their chairman,  Dr.
L. O. Ellis, whose removal from the State rendered  a change
of plan necessary.
  Then, no member of the Association  seeming available  as a
substitute,  and  the  members of your committee  being called
upon to  serve  both as an Executive and a Legislative Commit-
tee, they decided that a  division of  labor was desirable,  and
the work of one committee was assigned  to  one member  and
of the other committee to the other member, each helping the
other as occasion required.
  The Executive Committee,  about   February  15th, issued
circulars announcing such facts as then could be ascertained
regarding the next meeting;  also a list  of subjects for essays
and postal cards with printed  questions for the  assistance of
the members, trusting that by  this means the materials for a
programme would be speedily available.
  The result did not meet their expectations, the end of the
first month finding less than one-fourth the number of cards  sent
cut  returned  to the committee.   A  second urgent  appeal
brought a response from another fourth, while  a  few were
returned too late to be of use in preparing  the  programme.
Your committee deemed it advisable to further  test  the plans
introduced last  year  of appointing  a  Supervisor of Clinics.
Accordingly, Dr. Jas. A. Price was selected, and to  his hands
committed full  power to select  operators and patients.
   About May ist the programme was  prepared,  and  six  hun- 
68           MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE

dred copies printed, four hundred being mailed to the members
of the profession in this  State, and about fifty copies to dentists
in the adjoining States of Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska and Kansas.
  In reviewing the  proceedings of this, the eighteenth meeting of
our association, your committee desire to return their sincere
thanks, first to those members who have by prompt and hearty
response to letters  of invitation and inquiry, rendered valuable
assistance in preparing for this meeting.  Second, to those who
have shown the results of their labors in the interesting papers
which have been read in your hearing,  and lastly to all, who by
your presence and  spirit of harmony which you have manifested
have made this  a pleasant and most profitable meeting.
  Your committee  would  warmly  commend  the plan  adopted
by the supervisor of clinics of appointing a committee to exam-
ine operations performed at previous sessions of the association
and would recommend  its continuance.  They would also sug-
gest that provision  be made in the future, for a better supply of
operating chairs, or the use  of movable head rests so that a
much larger number of  clinical operators be employed.
  They would emphasize the necessity of each operator coming
prepared with his  own  instruments, thereby much  embarass-
ment may be avoided.
  They also  introduce the plan of making the  question box a
feature of our meetings, with  the  hope and expectation that it
will prove a means  of affording information to many, who may
be reluctant  to avail themselves  of  the privilege of speaking
upon the same subject.
  Your committee  have  incurred the following items of expense
in the performance  of  their  duties  which  they  desire  the
Treasurer to  be instructed to pay.
Printing ioo copies, circulars, postals, etc..............$ 3.00
        600    "   programme....................... 10.00
Postage stamps and postal cards......................  7.00
Printing Delegates  certificates.........................  2.25
Stationery...........................................  j-^

               T°tal................................$24.00
  Respectfully  submitted,      G. L. Shepard, ) _
                              J. P. Gray,     $ hx Com- 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.
69
            REPORT OF LEGISLATIVE  COMMITTEE.
    Mr. President and members of the Missouri State Den?al
Association.
  Your committee  beg leave  to submit  the following report:
At the first meeting of the committee held Tuesday, August  2,
1881, it was decided to ascertain if possible the good and also the
weak points of the various laws regulating the practice of den-
tistry  in uthe  different  States,  where said laws  have  been
enacted.  To this end  correspondence was opened  with many
prominent  dentists  among whom we mention the  following:
Prof  Jas.  A. Taft and H.  A.  Smith of  Cincinnatti,  Ohio;
Prof. F. J. S. Gorgas, Baltimore, Md. ;  Prof.  Frank  Abbot,
New  York;   Dr.  G-  W.  Klump, Penn. ; J. E. Cravens and
T.  C. Eddelman,  Ind. ; Drs.  Edgar Noyes  and  George  H.
Cushing of  111. ;  Dr. E.  L. Clark  of Iowa,  and Albian M.
Dudley of  Mass.,  from  whom many  valuable  suggestions
were  received.  The  general opinion was expressed that the
bill herewith annexed, is  superior  to any dental  law now  in
operation.
  Your committee  therefore recomend that said bill with such
modifications as you may deem  advisable, be presented to the
next Legislature and the united effort of the profession through-
out the State be solicited to secure its passage. All of which is
respectfully submitted,
                          •U  T'  0    '     i Committee.
                          G.  L. Shepard. )

AN  ACT TO  REGULATE THE PRACTICE OF DENTISTRY  IN THE
                    STATE OF MISSOURI.
  Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Mis-
souri as follotus:
  Section i.  It shall be  unlawful,  for any person to practice
Dentistry or  Dental Surgery for a fee  or reward in this  State,
without first having received a diploma from a reputable Dental
College, or  the Dental department of a University duly incor-
porated or established under the laws of the State or country in
which the said  College or University is situated ;   Provided, 
70
MINUTES AND  PROCEEDINGS OF THE
That nothing in section i of this act shall apply to any bona fide
practitioner of  Dentistry or Dental Surgery in this State, at the
time of the passage of the act;  and provided that nothing in this
act shall be so construed as  to prevent physicians, surgeons  or
others from extracting teeth.
  Sec. 2.  Every person  who shall  hereafter  engage in the
practice of Dentistry or Dental Surgery, in this State, shall file
a copy of his or her diploma with the clerk of the county court,
in the county in which  he or she resides, and in the city of St.
Louis with the city register, which  copy of  diploma shall be
sworn to,  by the party filing the same and said clerk shall give
a certificate to the party filing the same with the seal of the court
attached thereto,  and shall file  and register the name  of the per-
son, the date of filing and the nature of the instrument in a book
to be kept by him for that  purpose ; and as a compensation for
his services ; the  said clerk for filing and  registering the same
shall receive a fee of one dollar to be paid  by the person filing
the same.
  Sec. 3.  Every bona fide practitioner of Dentistry or Dental
Surgery residing in this  State at the  time of the passage of this
act and desiring  to continue  the  same, shall file an  affidavit  of
the facts with  said clerk of said county court, or with the city
register, and the said clerk  shall register the name of and give
a certificate  to,  the party filing  the affidavit in like manner
and of like effect, as  hereinbefore  provided ; and said  party,
filing said affidavit, shall pay said clerk a like  fee of one dollar
for his services.
  Sec. 4.  All certificates issued under the provisions of this
act, shall  be prima facie evidence of the right of the holder to
practice under this act, which right it shall be incumbent on the
holder to prove, in all prosecutions under the same.
  Sec. 5.  Any  person violating the provisions of this act, shall
be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be fined in
any sum not  less  than ten dollars  nor more  than one hundred
dollars for each offence, and all fines so collected, shall belong
to and be paid into the common school fund of  the county where
assessed.*
  *The bill passed the Legislature at its last session and is now the law of Missouri 
            MISSOURI STATE DENTAL  ASSOCIATION.         71

  The report of the Treasurer was submitted to the Executive
Committee, amended and approved.

                   treasurer's report.

   To the officers and members of  the Missouri  State  Dental
Association.
  I have the honor  to submit the following  report  of monies,
received and expended during the fiscal year, viz :
                            Dr.
July ist, i88i,To balance on hand...................$ 54.00
June 9th, 1882, To cash received for fees.............  16.00
June 9th, 1882, To cash received  for dues............  46.00
               Total receipts.......................$ 116.00
                            Cr.
July ist, 1881, By cash paid Executive Committee for
  clinics..........................................$  4.50
June 9th, 1882, By cash paid printing receipts, etc---   5.00
Postage, etc.......................................   1.75
Executive Committee clinics, etc.....................   1.50
Executive Committee bill...........................   24.00
Dr. Eames bill,....................................   3.00
Dr. Eames' salary..................................   25.00

               Total paid out......................$   64.75
               Balance on hand....................$   51.25

Respectfully submitted,                             $116.00
                               Jas. A. Price,  Treasurer.

  Drs. Bowman and Hewitt, conducted the President elect Dr.
J. W.  Reed, to the chair.
  Dr. Jas. A. Price was elected Supervisor of Clinics.  A vote
of thanks was tendered  the  Executive Committee for the very
able manner in which they had  performed their  duties  during
the past year.  Adjourned to meet at Sweet Springs, July nth
a. d.,  1883.
                     W.  H. Eames, Recording Secretary. 
72
MINUTES  AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE
             VALEDICTORY ADDRESS.
               BY H. J. McKELLOPS,  D.  D.  S.,
      First President of the Missouri  Dental  Association.
                       READ JUNE 7th, 1866.


  Gentlemen:—In retiring from the honorable position to which
I have been elevated by my colleagues of the Missouri Dental
Association, I feel it a pleasing duty to address you a few words
in reference to the position, advancement  and progress of Dent-
istry in relation to the social scale.
  In an address of this kind, I do not propose to make it an op-
portunity of saying anything new, but to  offer some general re-
marks upon the relation that Dentistry holds to society at large,
in order that we may more clearly appreciate the character and
extent of that useful mission in which we have all embarked.
  A few years ago, and  within the memory  of many of us, the
science of Dentistry  was wholly  unknown; and it  occupied
neither position nor status in the world of medical progress, and
was considered a mere appendage of questionable value in the
life of the professional man.  Since then, step by step, it has
advanced, gathering strength by every movement,  until now, it
justly claims a  position,  ennobled by the practical applications
and vivifying influences  of those  who have labored for its ad-
vancement.
  Much has been done,  and much more  remains to be  accom-
plished, before our art shall have reached that degree of perfec-
tion which awaits patient and progressive research in the unex-
plored fields of experimental philosophy.
  To discharge conscientiously the implied contract entered into
with our patients, to effect the  most perfect specimen of our
handicraft, is nothing more than is expected in every commer-
cial transaction.
  If nothing more than this were done, Dentistry would hardly 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.
73
rise above the level of the numerous trades and callings of life.
But it  has  gained an honorable position in the profession of
medicine and surgery, by the aid of those illustrious men who
have devoted energy, industry, and perseverance to its develop-
ment as a science.
  It should be our aim  and  ambition, then, to perfect the pos-
session of that  inheritance which the genius, the  philanthropy
and the devoted industry of  others  hav accumulated, and not
content ourselves with  merely performing a  piece  of  artistic
workmanship.
  It should be a special object of the members  of this society to
still further augment the sphere of its usefulness, and by  acquir-
ing an intimate knowledge of physical and biological science
which truly belongs to the domain of odontologic art.
  It is the study and  application of the laws and  principles that
govern matter, and the influences they exert upon the vital or-
ganism, that marks the  advancement of medicine as a science,
and which equally  pertains  to  the  department of Dentistry, a
distinctive branch of  the profession.   If we begin to study the
phenomena and laws of  life  in  man, we shall soon be irresista-
bly attracted to extend our observations to the successive orders
of creation,  and  so on down to the lowest type of  animated
matter.  As  we advance in this study, the beauty, harmony and
correlation of organic and inorganic forces open up to our vision.
We see the adaptation of those mysterious principles in the veg-
etable and mineral  kingdoms so potent  in the  consulting room
and laboratorv, and the knowledge of each plant or mineral be-
becomes more perfectly understood by the multiplying beams of
intelligence reflected  at every step.
  As  lovers of our art, let it  be  our chief pleasure to elevate it,
year by year, until it shall have occupied  a position prominent
among the most dignified specialties in the medical profession.
This is to be effected, not merely by the aid of mechanical skill
in remedying deformity and relieving suffering, but  in applying
the principles of biology and physical science to the prevention
of disease, preservation of the teeth, rather than their destruc-
tion by mechanical agents. 
rjA           MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE

  Our object should be to comprehend the effort that nature is
making in combating the  adverse  influences under which she is
laboring.  Let us seek to aid her in the conflict, observing and
following her laws that we may minister to her short-comings.
If we deviate from  this path ; if losing  sight  of the  beacon
of observation, we chase the  ignis  fatuus of  speculation,
we  shall  just  so  surely miss  our  aim,  and fail to benefit
our patient.   He who would  minister to  nature must  learn  to
interpret her.  It is by the exercise of this prerogative that the
educated and accomplished dentist excels the mere  mechanic,
whose chief merit consists not in  preserving the teeth, but  in
making close imitations.
  Besides the channels  of investigation  just pointed out, the
successful practitioner of dentistry is required not only to un-
derstand  the  anatomical  construction  of  the  teeth,  and
whatever pertains to their growth, position and relation to  other
parts of the mouth, but  he  should continue his research into
what  constitutes the domain of Physiology—a research which
carries its investigations in quest of analogies and illustrations
into the widest latitudes of the animal and vegetable  kingdoms,
as well as into the most minute inspection of the structures, the
functions and the attributes of their several productions.
  In the practice of Dental Surgery  a profound knowledge  of
the anatomy of all the parts contained within the buccal cavity
is absolutely necessary to success.  Anatomy is also the  foun-
dation of the diagnosis of diseases that fall under the observa-
tion and treatment of  the dentist.  It demonstrates the normal
condition of structures in health, and supplies the  means  of
comparison  in the study of Dental Pathology.   Neither anato-
my nor any power of  occular investigation,  however accurately
it may be conducted, can enable the dentist to obtain a correct
knowledge of the constituent formations of the teeth and mod-
ifications they undergo in their alveoli.  These  things must  be
learned through the aid of a  microscope, and this adds another
auxiliary branch of investigation  to the perfection of Dentistry
as a science.
  The art of Dentistry, then, comprehends a perfect knowledge 
            MISSOURI STATE DENTAL  ASSOCIATION.          75

of Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, the continual use of the
microscope and  an understanding of the laws and  principles
that pertain to biological and physical science.   Let each  one
of us learn as much of them as we can, always bearing in mind
the great object for which they are studied, and never neglect-
ing the purpose to which they are to be  applied.  We  should
remember that Dentistry, as a science, was founded and raised
upon the natural sciences.  All that is beyond a mere empirical
art it owes to its dependence upon,  and its association  with
these.   It would be difficult to find any one in our ranks  who
has attained great eminence in the dental art, or who, by his
writings and precepts has advanced our knowledge in the treat-
ment of diseased teeth,  or other parts within the  mouth, who
did not lay the foundation of his successes  in the distinction
which he earned by his researches in the natural sciences.
   We have met here to-day to  furnish our quota towards the
advancement  of  our profession, and its elevation among the
liberal and learned professions.  It is the animus that stimulates
our energies, and the energies of all those who truly love  their
calling.  We come here to labor for  its  continued prosperity,
and to communicate whatever of interest we  may have learned
since the last session of this society.  We come here imbued
with the spirit of progress, and to lay before our professional
brethren our  views and observations on those  subjects most
calculated to improve and instruct them, and benefit our patrons.
Let all participate in the deliberation of  the  session  and what-
ever of surgical or mechanical interest may have  been learned
during the past year, let it be given to the society, for the honor
of the profession and for the benefit of suffering humanity.  If
any improvement  in Mechanical Dentistry has been made or
new operations devised, let the inventor  be induced  to spread
it upon the records of the society and receive  the meed of praise
due him in contributing his share towards the  elevation of his
chosen profession.  The selfish and empirical fashion of se-
creting improvements,  of  whatever nature,  pertaining to our
calling, for the sake of  individual aggrandizement, is unworthy
the fellowship of honorable men, and must, sooner or later, re- 
76           MINUTES  AND PROCEEDINGS OF  THE
coil in shame and  odium upon its author.  It is  to be  hoped
that such members of our society are, like "angels' visits, few
and far between."  Let me invoke  the  profession in Missouri
to enter their protest  against  acts so  derogatory to our high
'Calling as benefactors of the human family, and let me impress
upon  them the necessity of instructing  their  delegates  to the
National Convention to guard  well the portals  of the profession
and shut out such harpies from all deliberation and association
in such assemblage.
   Finally, gentlemen, let me call  your attention to the import-
ance of aiding, with your money and influence, our only educa-
tional institution in the west. I  refer to the Ohio Dental College,
which is doing a good work in extending the usefulness of the
profession and advancing its importance in the social scale.
   In conclusion, permit  me to  thank you  for the honor confer-
red upon me in selecting me as your presiding officer for the
past year, and the zeal  and interest you have  manifested  in
keeping our science "pure and spotless in the world."
      ANNUAL  ADDRESS
         BY JOHN G. HARPER, D. D. S.
President of Missouri State  Dental Association.
 Gentlemen and Members of the Missouri State Dental As~
       sociation:
  It becomes my duty to address you upon this occasion.   We
as members of the dental profession  come together at this time
to exchange ideas and give them fully to our brothers.  It is to
be hoped that each and every member now present has advanced
a few paces in  his chosen calling since last we met.   If such is
not the case, he is behind the times, for the simple reason that
the profession  of  dentistry  is on the forward march,  and all
laggards will find themselves far in the rear.
  To-day we are better able to save the natural organs of masti- 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.         77
cation than we were a,very few years ago.  At this time we do
not condemn a tooth, even should there be  nothing  left of it
except the healthy root.  But we do not have to go back very
far in the history of dentistry to see aching teeth pronounced as
fit only for extraction.  We are better prepared to replace  the
loss  of the natural teeth,  by means of artificial ones, making
dentures more nearly resembling those  lost, than could be done
a few years ago.   The old rule in  making artificial plates was
to exercise care not  to change the surface  of the model; now
we use a little brains and  art to build  up and shave  down, in
order to relieve too  great  pressure on hard parts,  or procure
greater pressure on soft localities.  We can all remember  our
experience in learning  to  finish up celluloid or rubber plates.
This now is  a thing of the past, for  we are enabled to bring
forth our work from the flask of the proper thickness, and with
the desired polish, except on the margins.
   Every year's practice  gives us  opportunities by  which we
may judge what is the  best practice to pursue in in any given
case.   Our failures  teach us what not  to do, and our  successes
what is the best course to follow.   Let us look to some of our
failures to advance the standard of our  members, and bring into*
our  society those of  whom we hope to  be proud.
   I wish to refer to the qualifications of applicants for member-
ship.  At  our meetings each year are presented the  names of
parties who go before the Committee  on Membership, and are
recommended as  worthy  of recognition by this  Association,
Let us look at the result of this policy.  The new member re-
turns to his friends and announces to them that he is a member
of the Missouri State Dental Association, therefore worthy of
their esteem  and patronage.  He perhaps  has reached perfec-
tion in the eyes of the community, he sees no use in attending a
Dental College, and we may never see him again at  our meet-
ings.
   At the  last meeting  of  the Iowa State  Dental  Association,
this same subject was up for discussion.   I can set forth some
of my views  by borrowing from their proceedings.
   Dr. Dickinson, President of the society, says:   " First of: 
78
MINUTES  AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE
all, it seems to me that one who would be a respectable member
of a respectable profession,  must be possessed of  a  sterling
character,  which comprises all the qualities of honesty, up-
rightness and trustworthiness ; he should also have a good edu-
cation, an unsatisfiedness with present attainments, a love  for
study,  with a determined purpose to excel, sound judgment,
nerve,  a kind heart and gentle hand ;  and last, but by no means
least, it is  absolutely essential  to  have mechanical  taste and
ingenuity."
  "The time is  approaching  when to receive recognition as  a
professional man, one must be possessed with the knowledge to
entitle  him  to such recognition ; and  I think the time now is
when the standard of recognition should be much higher than
it has been heretofore.  With the college for special education,
that now call for co-operation and support the old methods of
office studentship and teaching can hardly be  apologized for.
*   *   *  The Committee on Membership  should perform their
duties  without fear or favor,  recommending only such as earn
their right to membership.  Then will it be  an honor to be passed
by them, and the incentive will be  greater to all who look for-
ward to association with us in our organized capacity."
   I am not finding fault with the committee on examinations,
but I do oppose the policy  of taking in men for the purpose of
elevating them.  Our Association is not a Dental College.   We
are glad to have students  and  others attend our meetings  and
learn all  they can ; but  they should  first graduate,  then they
can present  themselves for  membership.  If the  committee
deem them worthy of recognition,  let us  take them into  the
fold.   A diploma  should not be sufficient  recommendation, as
some  of the worst characters  hold degrees  from  reputable
schools.
   At the proper time I shall offer an amendment to the consti-
tution, requiring a diploma from a reputable college as one of
the qualifications for admission to this Association.   During the
last meeting  of the law-makers of this State  a bill was pre-
pared, and, no doubt, would have become a  law  had it been
presented,  which required  a diploma as a qualification to prac 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.          79
tice dentistry in Missouri.  Gentlemen, I ask you, as a member
of this Association, to be consistent and require a diploma as
one of the qualifications for admission  into this society.
  We can take another  forward step  by refusing to take into
our offices students, and compel them to come into the profes-
sion by going through a  dental college where they will have the
advantage  of the teaching  of  a number of professional men,
and not be  tied  down to the narrow  limits of  one man's  ex-
perience.  The members  who  are in the habit of attending
dental meetings, and who  read our dental  journals,  know the
advantages to be derived from the experience and observations
of  a number of studious practitioners.  The time for a dental
student to enter a practitioner's office to  pursue the study of his
chosen profession is  after he graduates ;  then, if he can spend
a year or two with a good  dentist, he will  be greatly benefited
by the post-graduate private instructions.
   Our mission is to keep the oral  cavity in  a healthy condition,
and in order to do so the general  system must also be in  a nor-
mal state.  Now,  in order  to  eradicate any pathological  dis-
turbances, the dentist must understand the treatment of such
pathological conditions,  and this   leads  into general medicine ;
and  I contend that the  dentist should be able  to combat con-
stitutional disorders,  to a  degree,  the same  as the oculist,
aurist, the surgeon, and so on through the whole list of special-
ties.  Let us look a moment at the course any of the specialists
take to prepare themselves for the practice  of their specialty.
   First, they take up general medicine, and, after graduating,
 pursue studies upon a special branch.
   The dental student has the advantage in having dental col-
 leges, into which he can step, and there,  under a full corps  of
 teachers, pursue his chosen branch of the healing art.   Dentistry
 has advanced so far that it now seems necessary for the above
 course to  be pursued, and we have no  right to call ourselves
 medical specialists until we  pursue the same course as the sur-
 geon, the oculist, and others who pursue the practice of a spe-
 cial branch of medicine.
   The signs of the times  indicate  that the leading minds  ;n 
8o
MINUTES  AND PROCEEDINGS OF  THE
medicine desire to make dentistry a specialty of medicine.  The
sign may be seen by reviewing the action of the American
Medical Association for 1881.
  During the first  and second days  of  the  session the matter
was talked over by such prominent members of the profession as
Prof. Gross, of Philadelphia; Davis, of Chicago ; Sayer, of
New York; Dunster, of Ann Arbor; Stone, of St. Paul,  and
others.
  Without exception, the suggestion  met with most cordial ap-
proval,  and all  the assistance  which they could  render  was
generously proffered.
  On the third morning of the session, just after the reading of
the minutes, Prof. Gross stepped upon the platform, and, in his
usual impressive  manner,  moved for the  suspension  of  the
reo-ular  order of business,  "with a view," as he said, "of
offering an amendment to one of the by-laws, contemplating the
formation  of a new section, to be known  as  the Section  on
Dentistry."  In support of  this amendment, Prof. Gross said:
  "When we consider,  Mr. President,  the value of dentistry,
and the fact that it is universally regarded as one of the neces-
sities of civilized life, it is surprising that such a  section was not
established long ago.
  " Dentistry is  the oldest  of all the  specialties.   It has been
practiced from  time immemorial, and in modern times has ac-
quired a  degree of  importance not exceeded by any  one
branch of the healing art.   There are, at this moment, not few-
er than fourteen or fifteen  dental colleges in the United States
alone, and  thousands of educated dentists in the enjoyment of
a successful practice.  Dentistry has a copious literature ;  many
journals are published in its interest, and numerous associations
attest the ties by which its members are cemented  together.
If these things be true—and I vouch for their accuracy—it is,
it seems to me, eminently proper that this Association should,
without delay,  form a section such as is contemplated  by
my motion.   The  Association  has long  had  a section  on
opthalmology, one  on otology,  and one  on larynthology;
and surely if these specialties are entitled to such a distinction 
MISSOURI STATE DENTxVL  ASSOCIATION.
8l
it is not difficult to find reasons for placing dentistry upon a simi-
lar footing.   Every man, woman and child in the civilized world
requires the services of the dentist; whereas, comparatively few
persons require the  services of the oculist,  the aurist or  the
larynthologist.
  "The claims of Dentistry, when properly practiced, to an ele-
vated professional status, are everywhere recognized, while the
social status of the dentist is steadily  progressive.   If Dentistry
was once an art, it is now an art and a science—practiced in all
enlightened communities by educated and refined men.  I hope,
therefore, that the sanction of the  house  will be  given  to my
motion."
  Professor Sayer, of New York, also being upon the platform,
arose and said :  " This motion meets with  my cordial approval,
and I second it with all my heart."
  Professor Davis, of Chicago, also seconded the motion in the
following very appropriate remarks :  "Oral  or dental surgery
is as much a legitimate department of medicine as  opthalmotol-
ogy, otology or gynecology, and as there are at present enough
members  of the Association who  are practicing  Dentistry to
commence a good section,  I hope the proposition to create  one
will be cordially sustained by the Association.   Its practical ef-
fect will be to increase the number of fully educated dentists,
and, by bringing them  into closer relation with the great body
of the  profession, greatly  advance the  mutual interests  of  all
parties."
  The motion being warmly urged by these veteran members of
the profession,  and  Ex-Presidents  of  the Association, it was
adopted without  a dissenting vote.   *  *  *   "Thus, it will
be seen that the long hoped for but never  expected recognition
of the  treatment of the teeth, and the diseases incident thereto,
as a special department in medical practice has been established
by the assembled representatives of  the medical profession in
the United States.   And  in  future  all practitioners of dental
surgery holding a medical degree, will, with proper credentials,
be admitted to membership in the American  Medical Associa-
tion, upon an equal footing  with the practitioners  of any other 
82
MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE
department of medicine.  Thus the year of 1881 marks an im-
portant era in the history of Dentistry."*
  In conclusion, let me wish each member  a happy and profit-
able experience, at this  Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the
Missouri State Dental Association, and many returns of the same,
for these gatherings are of incalculable value in the interchange
of thought and  experience.  "In Union there  is Strength."
Therefore  we have banded ourselves  together  in a common
brotherhood, feeling that there is in  every brother  " a willing
heart and helping hand to bear the  cross in the cause in which
we are engaged."
  It is a means to stimulate  us to higher attainments  in profes-
sional excellence, and aid us to simplify and make more skillful
and effective the operations we are called upon to perform.
  Let us congratulate ourselves that we are  able to meet at this
time an unbroken band.   The grim gleaner has not touched our
ranks since last we met.   Gentlemen, I have  now set the ball
rolling, and invite you  to carry out the programme which the
Executive Committee has placed before you.
  Sweet Springs, Mo., June  28th, 1881.
              NEW   DEPARTURE.
               J. W. REED, D. D. S., MEXICO, MO.
Read June, 1881, before the Missouri State Dental  Association, at
              Sweet Springs,  Saline  County, Mo.
Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Missouri Slate Dental
  Association:
  My reasons for consenting to present a paper upon the subject,
"New Departure," are not that I have anything new or startling
to offer, but being prompted by the  conviction that if we make
our meetings interesting and profitable, we  should not one wait
for  another, but every one add his mite, be  it ever so small.   It
is by the interchange of thought  in these meetings  that more
   ^Missouri Dental Journal. 
            MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.          83

'light is thrown about our pathway, and  the  brighter the light,
the plainer are our duties made.
  The profession of Dentistry, I am proud to say, is day by day
growing brighter and brighter, rising higher  and higher up the
scale among the learned and scientific professions.  It can be no
longer charged that we are a selfish, secret-loving fraternity.
All things of value known to the profession are now common,
and we pursue our  labor of love with that spirit that should ac-
tuate every profession.
  All of our investigations should be thorough and impartial, so
that the very best known methods  and materials may be selected
by  us for the preservation of the teeth.   Men prominent in the
profession differ widely as to the best system of practice.  One
will tell you that gold is the only material that should be used;
that any tooth that can be saved at all can be saved as well with
gold as any other material.
  Another (the New Departure Doctrine:)  "That in propor-
tion as teeth need filling, gold is the worst  material to use;"
" that a  filling may be the best known for the tooth and vet leak
badly."
  My  observation  and  experience  teach me that both are in
error.   Whilst I believe that gold  is the best  material yet known
to the profession for the preservation of the great majority of
the teeth, and  feel that it is my duty, with  earnestness, to set
forth its  superiority and excellencies above  all  other materials,
I am not willing to admit that every tooth can be saved as well
with gold as with some of the  plastic fillings.
  As to the other  two  above-mentioned  declarations, I should
not deem them worthy of notice  had they r.ot  emanated  from
men hitherto prominent in the profession.
  How,  in  this day of light  and reason, in  the face of the
myriads  of witnesses that have stood the test of time for thirty,
forty and fifty years, any observing mind can  believe that in pro-
portion as teeth need filling  gold is the worst material to use, is
a mystery I cannot solve.  That a filling may  be  the best known
for the tooth,  and yet leak badly is absurd.  You all know that
a leaky filling is often worse than no filling at all.  Such asser- 
g.          MINUTES AND  PROCEEDINGS  OF THE

tions as these,  and others now being advocated by the so-called'
New Departure, have a hurtful influence upon the young and
inexperienced  in the profession.
  Too much stress  cannot be  put upon  the importance  of
making fillings that will not leak.
  It is from that lack of care to make moisture-tight fillings that
nine-tenths of our failures originate.   Let, therefore, no labor
nor care deter  us from thorough work in this direction, and the
saving of more teeth will be our reward.  The sluggard and
bungler in iue time will be found  out, and find abundant rest
for his soul.
  Some men condemn gold on account of lack of manipulative
ability ; others on account of pure laziness ; others because they
must have some  hobby to ride.  But the  practitioner who can
lose sight of that system of practice which will put the greatest
number of dollars in his pocket, and who has a desire  in his
heart  to do for his patrons the  very best service, and has liber-
ality and impartiality enough in his soul to apply the old maxxim,
" Prove all things, and hold fast to  that which is good," is the
man who will do the greatest service, and be honored and loved
by his patrons.
  Let us be conservative ; the truth is not all on one side.
  Dr. Patrick  says : " When an individual,  either by bad coun-
sel or false economy, has been subjected  to mercurial or amal-
gam treatment for diseased teeth, we find that fifty parts of the
mercury out of sixty used in forming the amalgam is vaporized
by the heat of the body in a few years and taken into the system
in small but regular quantities."    If this be true, my teaching
has been false.  My teaching has  been, and  I believe  it to  be
true,  that  a higher degree of heat  than that of the  body is  re-
quired to vaporize mercury.  If Dr. Patrick's theory were true,.
one-half of the population of Missouri would be slobbering from
the effects of Ptyalism.   I  have given about one-third of  my
life to the practice of dentistry, and have never yet met with  a
single case approaching salivation  that could be  traced directly
to amalgam used in filling teeth.   But I am not here to praise
amalgam.  I am a gold  advocate  wherever  the vital energies
and the pocket book of my patients are not at fault. 
            MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.          85

   We must have regard for the vital energies of poor, suffering
humanity that falls into our hands.  Where hours of torture can
be saved to a weak, nervous patient, and good service rendered,
in the name of mercy do it, remembering that  a heaven awaits
a dentist  who deals honesty, kindly and tenderly  toward his
patients.   In the middle of the current is the greatest safety.
   One faction  ascribes all failures to imperfect manipulation ;
another to incompatibility  of the material used  with tooth bone.
The fact is, neither are correct.   The Creator made teeth that
will decay, and must be sacrificed to the merciless steel, just as
he created man with disease  that all the  skill of the medical
world fails to cure.  We  have arrived no nearer the  point of
.saving all teeth than  has the  physician of  curing all diseases.
But let not this fact  put a check  to  our  efforts for  greater at-
tainments.  Teach the  people that  if they would  derive the
greatest benefit from our services, they must co-operate with us,
keep their teeth clean and in perfect order, without which our
most exhaustive and pains-taking  efforts must prove  failures.
     IRREGULARITY   OF   THE   TEETH.
           BY WM. N. CONRAD, D. D. S., ST. LOUIS.
Read before the  Missouri  State  Dental Association, June,  1881.
   In the developement and growth of  the human body, there
occurs numerous deviations from the  normal  standard, and in
no other part or organ do we find such a variety of interesting
anomalies as in the teeth of the human being.
   If you ask me which of  the two sets of teeth are the most
liable to, or show the greatest number of these strange peculiari-
ties, I should say without hesitation, the permanent set.
   It is a subject  the dental practitioner should be thoroughly
informed upon, as it becomes his duty to correct such troubles,
and if not to correct, at least to give advice how to prevent so
far as possible these anomalies. 
86
MINUTES  AND PROCEEDINGS OF  THE
  It has been said by a regular member of our profession in the-
City of St. Louis, that the subject of irregularity  had been
exhausted when Norman W. Kingsley wrote his paper on " The-
Cause of Irregularity in  the Developement of  the Teeth.
  Now last summer I received such a variety of  opinions upon
a case of irregularity that I come to this conclusion, if the dental
profession, or any other profession, art  or science,  arrived at
that state of perfection, through the medium of one person, then
we  had obtained the millenium of  our desires—that is, perfec-
tion—and  it is high time for us to seek that undiscovered country,.
" where  the  dentist ceases from troubling, and the patients  are-
at rest."
  There is no department in our practice which  gives so much
vexation as regulating teeth.  The unsatisfactory results of the'
usual methods employed  is like a mill-stone hung round  the
neck of those who attempt  to cope with  the  intricacies  of this>
special kind of practice.   Then the want of appreciation on the-
part of  the patient adds to the  discomfiture from a monetary
point of view, the remuneration being always inadequate, when
compared with the amount of labor and thought expended upon
a given case.
  The best classification is that made by Wedl. It is irregularity
in size, number, arrangement,position and structure.
  Irregularity in size is a great disfigurement.   It  is  seldom
presented in  more than two or three of  the  teeth, usually the
central  incisors.   Sometimes  they are  very large, while the
laterals  are as small in  proportion, as the centrals  are large.
Then again the teeth may be small  or large compared with the
size of the maxilla.
  Irregularity in number.  J. Tomes asserts that the excess of
the normal number is more  common than a deficiency,  but this
in practice will not be found to be the case.  The proper num-
ber may  be  present, and  still  there may be a  deficiency, the
normal  number being made up by one  or more deciduous, or
supernumerary being present.
   Supernumerary teeth  are of two kinds, those which resemble
 one of the two sets of teeth and the conical teeth. Those which, 
           MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.          87

resemble the natural teeth  are usually the incisors or bicuspids,
and when they are regular in the arch will escape observation
for a long time.
  Wisdom teeth are duplicated sometimes, the supernumerary
is, according to Wedl, the one outside the arch.  Supernumerary
molars are rare,  but it is still more rare to find them arranged in
the arch in a regular manner.
  The conical teeth resemble no  others, unless it is the canine,
but there is no danger of mistaking them for these teeth.  The
three dental tissues are well developed, they are conical both in
crown and in root, hence their name.   The canal is elongated
and  single.  Sometimes these teeth are  short  and thick but
usually they are slender.
  There may be a difference in  size in different  individuals.
Those having large permanent teeth usually have large conical
teeth.   Their location is variable, they may be found in almost
any  part of  the  mouth except  in  the  vicinity  of the  lower
incisors, where  they are never  found.  They  are more fre-
quently  found  between the  superior   central  and  lateral
incisors.  They may occur in  either  the temporary or per-
manent  sets,  but  most  frequently  among  the  permanent
ones.  They are  developed  from  independent  germs  and
do not originate like permanent  teeth from  secondary germs.
J. Tomes relates two cases of conical teeth  in children five years
of a<_;e.  As they erupt with the permanent teeth they are liable
to produce a deformity,  by interfering with the natural articula-
tion.   If in the palate they may( inconvenience the  tongue, if in
close proximity to other teeth they may be  the indirect cause of
caries.   They should as a general rule be extracted as they  are
of no benefit, and are often of considerable  harm.  Their
extraction is not difficult as their roots are favorable for  the
operation.
  Sometimes a number of the teeth  are missing, and there  are
cases on record where all the permanent  teeth failed to appear,
but these are rare.  It is not rare for a single tooth to be miss-
ing,  this may be  caused by a want of  development, or from
insufficient space, whereby the tooth although properly developed
could not take its normal position. 
88           MINUTES  AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE

  There are said to be cases  where  all of  the deciduous teeth
were  wanting.   J. Tomes  in his extensive investigations has
failed to report a case, either in the living subject or  prepared
specimen.  In such cases it is supposed the face would resemble
an infants, both in form and  expression, that  is, the lower part
of the face.
  The want of teeth in scrofulous  children may be accounted
for, when we take into consideration  the probability  that the
tooth had been destroyed by ulceration of the  alveolus or deni-
tal sac.
  Irregularity of arrangement.  There are  a great variety of
irregularities produced  by abnormal arrangement.
  The first is where the six front  teeth are placed side by side,
so as to meet the bicuspids at, or nearly at a right angle, pro-
ducing what is called zfat mouth.  Sometimes this disfigurement
is caused by the  lower teeth over-lapping the upper.
  The second class is what is called  the negro movth, the front
teeth are placed  obliquely, and not  having pressure and coun-
ter-pressure,  these  teeth elongate  and are  lost  from want of
proper articulation.
  The third  is what might  be called the grinning mouth, on
account of the mouth having a grinning appearance.
  The fourth is the  underhung, the  lower-jaw and teeth are
prominent, the lower process is very well developed, and the
upper teeth are concealed by the upper lip.
  The fifth is where the teeth articulate end on end, this is called
the upright set, and is  considered a very strong articulation.
  Another variety of the above is where the teeth meet end on
end, but the front teeth  are  everted, and a channel is  formed
into which the lips fall, this together with the prominence of the
chin in such cases, gives it the name of the senile mouth, or that
of old  age.
  A very disagreeable  and troublesome deformity is where the
articulating process of  the lower jaw is short,  causing the front
teeth to stand apart, sometimes the only teeth in contact are the
second and third molars.  The evil cannot be remedied by filino-
the crowns of the molars as  they are  usually  found to be very
short. 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.          89
  When there is a want of relationship, either jaw may develop
in proportion  to the rest of the body while the other  remains
unusually small, this is the case sometimes with giants, the lower
jaw when the  cranium is small may develop in proportion to the
rest of the body, then the lower maxilla shuts outside the entire
upper jaw.
  Then again one side of the jaw will develop  too rapidly for
the other, this is called  unsymmetrical development.
  Irregularity in the. position of the separate teeth.   It has been
shown in connection with the growth of the jaw, that the anterior
portions of the maxilla grows comparatively less  than the poster-
ior portions of  the arch, for  which  reason the irregularity of
the anterior teeth is of  much more frequent occurrence than
that  occurring  with  the  teeth of the posterior portion of the
maxilla.
  From the interruption in the process of  shedding the decidu-
ous teeth, or  the permanent tooth takes its place prematurely,
the adjacent incoming permanent  tooth is  forced out of its true
position.  From the  too early removal of  the temporary teeth,
the sockets become obliterated,  and the  teeth are compelled to
erupt in the direction of  the least  resistance.  Exostosis of the
alveolar process, or abscess of the  alveoli of the temporary teeth,
or from the presence of tumors within the  jaw.
  Irregularity in structure may involve all  the teeth in  common,
or only a part of them.   The crown or root maybe affected, or
it may involve the entire tooth.    There may be  growth in an
abnormal direction,  stunted  or   excessive developement,  the
union of the crowns or the blending of the roots of two or more
teeth.
  Under monstrous mal-formations, we will have flexion or tor-
tion of  the  crowns or  roots.  Excessive  growths, as  enamel
nodules, or ridges  of  the  same.  Excess  in  the number of
roots, etc.
  Teeth effected  by hereditary taint, mercury, vaccination, or
the eruptive fevers, would  naturally  come under this head, but
as I intend to  prepare a paper upon this subject will not consider
it in this connection. 
9o
MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF  THE
  Irregularity of the temporary teeth is not of enough importance
to justify interference on the part of the dentist.   It is  no indi-
cation that the permanent teeth  will  be irregular if there  is a
mal-arrangement of the temporary set.
  It would be impossible to describe the great variety of irregu-
larities it is possible for the teeth of the human being to assume.
There is no arrangement the mind can conceive which has not
its counterpart in nature.
  These are deformities  only as they are departures from a
normal standard, which is, according to Norman W. Kingsley,
a perfect arch,  without  the  least tendency to form an angel at
the canines.  There may be  a narrow or wide arch, large or
small teeth, which are  dark or light in color, just as the  pecu-
liarities of the person may demand,  and still the mouth may be
perfectly  normal.   Therefore, a perfectly normal  arch  is a
curved line expanding as it  approaches the ends, and the teeth
all  standing on that line.
  Up to a very recent time the answer to all questions, as to the
causes of irregularity was, the premature extraction of the tem-
porary teeth.   This answer holds good to this day,  as well as it
ever did, but perhaps  in a modified  sense.  Of course it does
not produce irregularity in all cases, but it does in a great many,
in fact it may be taken as a fact that  it does, and  not as some
would have us  believe, produce no effect one way or the other.
   It may not produce  contraction of the maxilla, still it will in
many  cases produce a want of developement, or  a moving
together of the teeth, that may be in the mouth at the time, and
also the blood supply is cut off, there being a want of exercise,
which vigorous mastication would give as a stimulus.
   The practice of removing the deciduous teeth without fear as
to  the result, simply from the fact that they will be replaced by
the permanent ones,  is not  only  dangerous, but  it is  almost
 criminally wrong.  If  for no other reason, it is bad because it
 removes  the  stimulus to  the healthy developement,  and we
 have in its  stead  a  tardy  developement with all of the long
 train of evil consequences which follow in most cases.
    If the teeth have to  be  removed  for any reason, the canines 
            MISSOURI STATE  DENTAL ASSOCIATION.          gi

and second temporary molars should be retained if possible, that
the health and appearance of the child might not be injured by
their removal.
  The presence of the temporary teeth may  cause irregularity,
but I think the original mal-position of the permanent  teeth is the
cause of retention of the temporary ones.
  Irregularity is in many  cases caused by inheritance, that is,
transmitted peculiarities.   The tendency is  for "like to pro-
duce like."  It has been stated by some one, I  have forgotten
who, that the tendency is  so strong for " like to produce like "
that if the wisdom,  bicuspid,  or  any other tooth, should be
extracted  from  the  mouths of the children  of  one  family for
several generations, that there would be created a class of beings
without such teeth, provided the removal of such teeth has been
kept up with perfect regularity and faithfulness.
  The premature extraction  of deciduous teeth has been  con-
sidered from the time denistry had an existence,  one of the most
potent causes of  irregularity of arrangement by causing a  con-
traction of the  dental  arch, thereby .lessening  the  space and
causing the permanent teeth to assume positions more or less
abnormal.
  In the first place, it is a practice which all good  dentists
should try and frown down to remove, by educating their patients
up to  standard  where  they will  appreciate these  temporary
organs, as valuable adjuncts in promoting perfect health, and
not to consider them as most people  do as so many pegs stuck
in a living arch, the sooner they are removed the better, as  then
these  troublesome  things will  give no more annoyance, their
place being filled in the course of two, four, five  or six years, as
the case may be, by a more lasting set of teeth.
  They do not  take  into  consideration that these  organs are
placed in the jaw by the Creator for a purpose, and that purpose
is the thorough mastication of the food, so the  growing child can
receive it properly prepared  for assimilation.
  There is no time in life  when the body requires more nutri-
tive food prepared in a  correct manner, than at the period when
the deciduous teeth perform  their part of the  digestive function... 
r-
MINUTES  AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE
Therefore I think that the care of the deciduous teeth should be
insisted upon, if for no other reason than that they are required
as a part of the digestive system.
  They are required to be retained, in order to prevent a tilting
or falling together of the teeth that remain in the mouth, this is
most apparent in the case of the six year molar, where the second
temporary molar  has been removed  prematurely.   When the
canine has  been removed it allows the permanent  lateral and
bicuspid to come together and close the space which should be
left for the permanet canine.
  There is no doubt in my mind  but that the teeth do move
bodily forward, and occupy a place which ought to be filled by
another tooth.
  But  in regard  to this matter of  contraction, it is not exactly
contraction, but it  is a want of developement, produced  by  a
want of exercise.   This  want of exercise necessitates a deficient
supply of blood, which causes the part to become feeble, stunted
and oftentimes to  atrophy.
  The same holds good with the jaw that holds good with other
parts of the body.  When you remove a tooth }^ou take away a
source of exercise, you therefore  cause a less amount of blood
to flow to a part,  and for that reason you  have the  so-called
contracted  arch,  produced by a want of  exercise, a  want of
blood and consequently a want of  developement is the result.
  I have spoken of the premature extraction and the evil results
which  follow such a course, what  shall I say as to the undue
retention.  There can be but little  if any harm produced by the
retention, provided  the  teeth are  in a healthy condition.   The
time when  the  retention of such teeth will do harm is where the
pulps are  devitalized or the teeth   are, or have been ulcerating.
  The V shaped mouth  is an undue prominence of the anterior
part of the superior maxilla.  It may  be inherited or acquired.
The first is due to a transmitted peculiarity, the  second is pro-
duced  by  mechanical causes.  The trouble  sometimes  exists
where  the  molars are too short, or a prominent lower maxilla
brings the lower teeth in contract with the upper ones producing
what is presumed to be a V shaped arch. 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.
93
  Other reasons are the  tardy developement or eruption of the
molars, or the premature loss of such, etc.
  Want of space produces irregularity of arrangement, or at least
it is the most common producing cause.  It is very uncommon
among savage people, but  among the  upper and the middle
classes of civilized communities, it becomes quite common.   It
is more general in cities  and large towns than in the rural dis-
tricts.  It is claimed by some that this can be accounted for by
a species of " selective breeding."   Everybody knows the effect
of continued intermarriages  among persons related by consan-
guinity ; it tends to break down the nervous system by a general
disintegration  of the  nerve  centers, which can account for the
teeth of such persons being the first organs to be affected by this
mingling of cognate  blood, unenriched and  unstimulated from
other fountains, soon breeds  weakness,  disease and imbecility.
The tendency of our age and generation, is to breed  in and in,
which  cannot  fail to produce an increase of  nervous  troubles.
Kingsley says : " I  do not hesitate to place myself upon record
that the next  generation will see more of abnormality in dental
developement, and  an increase of nervous and cerebral diseases,
and that the two are correlated, and spring from the same cause."
He also says: " Regard man as an animal, dismiss  all cogni-
sance of his intellect, and his  affections, mate him to  a woman,
with sole reference  to the physical developement of the race, and
it would take but a  few generations to see disease and  deformity
swept from the face of the  earth, but to call the inter-marriage
of families whose brains  have been stimulated to their highest
capacity,  whose  physical  and  nervous  systems have  been
deranged by the habits of modern civilization, to call such a mix-
ture high and  selective breeding is a perversion of the term.   If
the application of  these  principles produce a delicacy of  form
in  the whole physique, we should naturally expect to find a cor-
responding delicacy and refinement in the condition of the dental
organs.  That the process of selective breeding should tend to
or end in deformity is manifestly inconsistent with  the prime
object, which  is the  elimination of  everything which tends to
degeneracy or deformity." 
94
MINUTES  AND PROCEEDINGS OF  THE
  The mixing of different nationalities next to this exalting of the
 nervous system is the most powerful cause of irregularity.  The
 animal mates with his kind, but man  does not  follow this good
 example set by the animal world.
   When the offspring is the result of a union of two types, one
 possessing a large jaw  and  large teeth, the other a small jaw
 with small teeth, may inherit the large teeth of one and the small
 jaw of the other, or vice versa, this mixture cannot be called high
 and selective breeding. This mixing without blending or harmon-
 izing,  always results in a deformity of  some character.
   McQuillen, of Philadelphia, says :   " It is a  surprise that the
 teeth ever assume a regular position, judging from the crowded
 condition observed  in the permanent teeth while the temporary
 set is in position."   The reason for this crowded condition  is
 that the diameter of the crowns is as great as it will be in the
 adult, but the  jaw  has  not developed to its  full  and  normal
 proportions.
   In the case of a dwarf or giant, if the teeth are in conformity
 with the rest of the body then you may depend it  is  a  race of
 dwarfs or giants, but if the teeth are out of proportion to the rest
 of the body, then you may conclude  it is a freak of nature.
   What effect  does diet, hygeine or climate  have upon  the
 •developement of the teeth?  There  is a  change of face as the
 -result  of  such  conditions, why could  not the teeth be equally
 changed as the result of like influences.  The skull increases in
 size to accommodate an increase in the quantity of brain. Such
 changes would not be to my mind irrational, when considered
 -from an anatomical or physiological standpoint.
   Now under what  conditions would you regulate  teeth.  We
 know  that bone will  be resorbed and reproduced, teeth  can be
 moved and they will become firm  in their new  position.  The
 moving of teeth is not due  altogether to resorption and  repro-
 duction , but in many cases there must be a moving of the alveolar
 process as well as moving of the teeth themselves. For instance,
 in the  moving of the  anterior teeth, if the plates of  process had
to be  resorbed and reproduced,  we could not move them as
 rapidly as we do.  Movement to a great  extent depends upon
 the elasticity of the alveolar process. 
            MISSOURI STATE  DENTAL ASSOCIATION.         95

  The contraction of the jaw cannot be accomplished with as
much ease as expansion, because in the former case there is a
greater thickness of bone to be  moved or  resorbed, and  the
elasticity is not as great in the one as in the other.
  It has been claimed, that the teeth cannot be moved faster than
resorption and reproduction takes place.  This idea is fallacious.
But it is a known fact, that the process of resorption and repro-
duction varies under different systemic conditions, also with the
period at  which it takes place. In some individuals, and  at some
periods it would place the organs in jeopardy to operate at that
time or under those  conditions.
  At what time shall we commence to regulate irregularites ?  I
•might begin as soon as a tooth has erupted, if it is a very marked
case, but  would prefer to have all the teeth  in position before
•commencing, as then  you can  the  more  positively determine
what the  result  will be.  If a central incisor should articulate
inside the lower ones, then  even at  the age of eight years, cor-
rect the trouble.   In very marked cases do not lose any  time, as
it  may be  the means  of  saving you  much  annoyance  and
•expense.
   As a general rule  do not interfere before  all the  teeth have
•erupted, wait until you see the necessity, and do not anticipate
unseen dangers, as it is in a great many cases only an imaginary
trouble.
   Up to the seventeenth year you may move  teeth with com-
parative  ease, and  the position given them  will  more  than
likely  be  retained, after this  time  the movement becomes more
and more difficult and the surety of their remaining in their new
position less decided.
   It may be regarded as a  fact, that  hardly a  limit can be con-
ceived as to the time when teeth  can or cannot be moved, par-
ticularly if the articulation would favor the new position.
   After a tooth has been moved to  a desired position, then  it
must be held in place by a retaining plate, the length of time it is
necessary to wear it  must be governed by circumstances, and the
judgment of the dentist.
   Kingsley gives  it that,   " hereditary cases of an extensive 
96
MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS  OF THE
 character which have been delayed until at or near maturity,
 we can never feel certain but the original tendency to mal-posi-
 tion so long unbroken  will  assert itself at  any time that we
 abandon retaining fixtures."
   As to pressure, what kind shall we use? constant or intermit-
 tant?  The best examples, are the elastic rubber, and the jack-
 screw.  I prefer  the jack-screws, as I think they  can be used
 in most cases with the best results, and the  pressure  is  not
 constant but is interrupted or intermittant giving  time for the
 recuperative process to assist materially in arriving at a favorable
 termination.
   The most critical time is when the teeth have been loosened
 by the pressure, and for this reason  the  patient should be seen
 as often as the urgency of the case requires.
   The  utmost cleanliness  should  be demanded of the patient,
 the saying that " Cleanliness is next to Godliness," can be aptly
 applied in the treatment of these cases.  This  is not Scripture
 but it is scriptural, and should be born in mind.
   Sometimes these details may be left to the patients themselves,
 but most always it will be necessary for the dentist to superintend
 these matters himself, and if  he  does  not do the manual labor
 himself, he  must  at least have it done under his own personal
 direction.
   Complete removal of the pressure  after the teeth have become
 loosened would  be  prejudicial  to the teeth  and   surrounding
 parts.
   Badly fitting appliances  are to be  avoided, as the clenliness
 cannot be as complete, and  if for no other reason,  they should
be considered with caution.
  The apparatus should be so arranged  and  applied  as  to be
removed by the patient when desirable.
  Antiseptic and astringent washes may be of advantage.
  The forces used are screws, wedges,  levers, inclined planes
and  elasticity.
  The screws are  the most valuable, but all are of value, care
and judgment must be exercised by the dentist in the selection,
sometimes one can be used to a  better advantage than another,. 
           MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.          97

while at another times  two or  more of the forces may be com-
bined with the most admirable results.
  But in conclusion, when you have  a poor person  who  has
neither the time, money nor inclination, then the question arises,
what is the best to be done in such a case?
  When there is a possibility of the case  regulating itself  and
the patient is young  extract the right tooth in all cases.  I am -
almost of the opinion  that where the  proper selection is made
and the extracting done in time, almost any simple case,  and
some that are not so simple, can be remedied  by this means.
  Instead of expanding the lower jaw where  the  upper is too
full,  extract from upper jaw such  teeth as the upper should
lose.  When the lower jaw is full do not expand the upper jaw
unless the contour of the face demands it, but extract from the
lower jaw.
              ANNUAL  ADDRESS.
                  BY C. H. DARBY, D. D. S.,
        President of Missouri State Dental Association.
                        READ JUNE 6, i83a.

  It is ever a most pleasing duty to speak the unanimous voice.
One year ago I had the honor of being elected to deliver the an-
nual address before you.  To-day we are permitted to meet again
for the purpose of fostering fraternal feeling and  professional
regard among ourselves, and to become better acquainted with
the most approved methods practiced in our chosen profession.
With the te rmi nation of this session the Missouri State Dental
Association will have entered upon its 19th annual  meeting.
To say that it is an occasion for congratulation would but feebly
express the sentiment of those  who have watched the growth
and prosperity of our association from its foundation to the pres-
ent time.  It is my pleasure to congratulate its founders, some 
98
MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF  THE
   of whom  are permitted to meet  with us in the enjoyment of
   strength and health, upon the grand  triumph achieved  as  the
   result of their labors in the  face  of  many  difficulties.   Of the
   thirty whose names appear upon the treasurer's book as  having
   been members during  the first year of the society's existence,
   eight have been  taken away  by death, two  of whom were  ex-
it  presidents, others  have allowed their names to drop from  the
   roll,while some have removed to other States or engaged in differ-
   ent occupations ; thus leaving but  ten of the original number on
   the list.   The positions  of  trust and honor that have been
   assigned to those who  have  been or  are members of this body
   by other  medical  and  scientific  organizations  are  many and
   varied.  Many of our members have  at  various times been the
   recipient of the  highest honors  from other  dental societies, two
   of our number have been called  to the highest office in the gift
   of the American Dental Association, while others have occupied
   positions of honor and responsibility either  as lecturers, instruc-
   tors,  professors or demonstrators, in dental or medical colleges.
   These brief statistics show that thus  far our progress has been
   in the  right direction.   We have placed ourselves on a common
   footing with the  medical, surgical, clerical and legal professions,
   and by their leave will stand side by side.  The question naturally
   arises how has this advancement been brought about? How have
   we arisen from the ranks  of the village  blacksmith and  barber
   to one of the most learned  and honorable professions ? Simply by
   close application and  diligence combined  with  hard work.  If
   we  wish  to  succeed  in  life  we  must  work.   It   evokes
   discipline,  obedience, self-control, attention, application  and
   perseverance ; giving a man deftness and skill in his   special
   calling, and aptitude in dealing with the ordinary affairs  of life.
   Work is the law of our being, the living principle that  carries
   men and nations onward. The greater number of men have to
   work with their hands as  a matter of  necessity in order to live ;
   but all must work in one way or another, if they  would enjoy
   life as it ought to be enjoyed.   Labor may be a burden and a
    chastisement, but it is also an honor and a glory.  Without it
   nothing can be accomplished—all that is great  in  man  comes 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.         99
through work, and civilization is the  result of it.  Were labor
abolished  the race of Adam would be at once stricken by moral
death; it is idleness that is the curse of man, not labor.  Idleness
eats the heart out of  men, and  consumes them  as  rust does
iron.   When Alexander conquered the Persians and had an op-
portunity of observing  their manners he perceived that they did
not seem  conscious that there could  be anything more servile
than a life  of pleasure, or more princely than a life of toil.
Nothing  but  constant toil  and  labor maintained  the power
and extended  the authority of the Roman  generals.  Ours
is a profession  of  tools—they  grow  out of  our  structure.
"Man is  the  meter of  all  things,"   said  Aristotle.  The
hand  is  the   instrument  of  instruments, the  mind is  the
form of   forms, the  human  body  is  the  magazine of  in-
ventions—the patent  office  where  are  found  the  models
from which every hint is taken.   Men love to wonder, and that
is the seed of our science. And such is the mechanical determina-
tion of our age, and so recent are our best contrivances, that use
has not dulled our joy  and pride in them, and we pity our fathers
for dying before the use of the rubber dam.   Improved plastic
fillings,dental engines with their water moters, electric pluggers
and a score of other useful inventions have cheated them out of
half of   their  estate.  These  inventions  open  great gates
of  a  future   promise to  make the  world  plastic, and  to
lift  human  life  out  of   its  beggary to  a godlike  ease
and power.   How   excellent  are   the  aids   brought   to
bear   in  our  mechanical  department,  and  the  many and
varied improvements  in   prosthetic dentistry  and   in  the
wonderful aid of chloroform, ether and  nitrous-oxide, as  if
improving upon the beautiful  sleep of nature.   In  a review  of
the past as compared with our attainment at the present time, I
feel that we are but on the  stepping  stone to a still larger field
of  usefulness.   It  is for  this very  reason  we   are gath-
ered  here  to-day,  and  I  trust  the  time  is  not  far  dis-
tant when every dentist in the whole  length and breadth of the
land will  feel it incumbent upon himself to attend the conven-
tion of whatever State  he may be practicing in.  AVe are men  of 
IOO          MINUTES  AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE

many minds,  and it is by the summing up of our different views
and ideas that we are able to arrive at the right conclusion.  In the
past our growth has seemed rapid but like all  rapid growth it
has been rank.   In the future it must  be a growth which bears
the fruit of intellect, of culture and of refinement.  To the student
of dentistry I  know of no better advice than that given by one of
America's grandest statesmen, "that the room is all taken at the
bottom but there is plenty of room up higher for able conscien-
cious men."   But how are we to  supply the demand with this
class?  Only by a   broader  and   more  liberal education.
I  think  the  time has fully  arrived  when the  great  State
of  Missouri,  with   her  thousands   of   intelligent  people,
should  be protected  from the charlatans and quacks, that
are  entering  upon  the  practice of  dentistry.   Our  sister
States  have  been obliged to resort to legislation  in  order
to  protect themselves,  which  naturally   makes  the  exodus
large in our midst.  It  would seem  advisable  to  change
our  constitution  so  that  applicants for admission  into our
society  shall first  have  graduated from some  respectable
medical or dental college,or have received a license from a board
of examiners appointed under  State laws.  Other societies have
seen the wisdom of placing these restrictions upon applicants for
membership  and have  had the pleasure of witnessing  good re-
sults therefrom.  Those among us who have  been to the expense
of  qualifying themselves to the full  extent of the opportunities
afforded by  our colleges, find but little encouragement in being
obliged to contend with the unqualified who are classed as den-
tists in every hamlet in the length and breath of the land.  I trust
that our constitution  may  be speedily changed so that we may
occupy a higher, more consistent position.  In selecting our stu-
dents in the future  for the practice  of  dentistry we should be
more careful to select young  men of good attainments, young
men  who have had  the  advantages  of  home influence, young
men  of  liberal views  and  good  education.   I  anticipate
neither contradiction  nor  controversy when I  say  that the
education of the youth who is intended for the medical or den-
tal profession should  be  essentially that adapted for the well 
            MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.         IOI

educated  gentleman.   It  is  a prevalent  belief, and  as erro-
neous  as  it  is  prevalent, that a  less  degree of  talent is
required  for  a  physician  or  dentist  than  for  a  lawyer,
and  strange enough  we  sometimes hear a parent  speak of
placing a son, of the  strength of whose intellectual powers he
has some  doubt,  to the study of medicine or dentistry, because
he is apprensive that his talents might not enable him to succeed
in the practice  of  the  law.   Occasionally, too, we  hear the
remark, that a certain individual has a  natural  turn for physic
and is born, as it were,  a physician,  or that he  has a  natural
mechanical tact  and would make a fine  dentist.   The other
professions doubtless  require  some capabilities  which  that of
medicine  or dentistry do not.  To the same  extent, at  least
no  department  of science  demands,  greater  judgment,  a
higher  reach  of  intellectual  qualifications,  or deeper   pre-
paration  by  physical  and   moral   culture  than our   own
chosen profession.  Some persons will take greater delight
than  others  in  study,  some  may  attain  a knowledge of
facts   and  principles  with greater  facility  than  others, but
it need  hardly  be  said  that   he  who  has  not  a  mind
adapted for reasoning  on other difficult  topics,   both phys-
ical   and  moral, cannot  possess these powers in  reference
to the. intricate machinery and  actions of the human  frame ;
and  it may be  laid down as incontrovertible, that he whose
intellectual  manifestations are generally feeble,  can  not  car-
ry  with  him  the  necessary  qualification  for  a  successful
practitioner of medicine or dentistry.  Much has been written
and said on the subject of  a thorough medical  education being
one of the requirements for the completion of a dental education,
it can certainly do us  no harm.  The more familiar  we are  with
the human frame,  the better prepared  we  are   to cope suc-
cessfully  with the  difficult cases that are constantly present-
ing themselves in our  everyday practice.   But I will not discuss
this subject at greater length. My earnest trust, however, is that
the two factions  may speedily meet upon one broad table-land
of a more liberal education, so that the  practitioners who are to
follow in  our foot-steps shall  at least  be  capable  of properly 
102
MINUTES AND  PROCEEDINGS  OF THE
diagnosing any case that may present itself, and if not disposed
to treat, to recommend to those who make a specialty of the dif-
ferent branches.  In conclusion, gentlemen, I summon you to an
honorable profession, to a  field of usefulness, to  a harvest of
plenty ;  I summon you to a life of activity, to a mission of mercy,
to a reward of fame !  Let us go forth then from these halls full
of hope, full of courage, full of confidence ;  let us go forth to
engage in that calling which, henceforth, is to  occupy our atten-
tion, enlist our energies and  call forth the  genius and talent of
our lives I
              CHILDREN'S TEETH.

        BY JOHN G. HARPER, D. D. S., ST.  LOUIS.

Read before Missouri State Dental Association, J une 7, 188 2.
  Gentlemen :—In treating the  subject of Children's Teeth I
will proceed in the  following order:  ist.  The  teeth  previous
to birth.  2d. Deciduous teeth after  birth.  3rd. Permanent
teeth.
              THE TEETH PREVIOUS TO BIRTH.

  If we make an examination  of the  jaws of a nine-month's
foetus we will find all of the deciduous teeth partly formed and
should they be defective, the damage is irreparable, hence  the
necessity of  proper treatment previous to birth.   It should be
our aim to arrive at such knowledge as  will enable us  to  lessen
the liability  of the  formation of defective teeth.  We should
give  such  instructions to mothers  as will  tend towards  the
development of dental tissues,  more reliable  in material and
more  nearly perfect  in organization  than those  of  the present
generation.
  A very frequent form of  deterioration is what is known  as 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL  ASSOCIATION.
IO3
honey combed teeth.  Here we have  the best indication as to
what treatment would be most likely to prove beneficial.   We
observe that the portion  of  the tooth which earliest  calcifies is
that which has suffered most;  and further  that  those teeth
which were developed  earliest  suffer  more than those which
were developed later.   We have teeth perfect in outline,  but
imperfect in organization, others are not united in their various
parts, so that they may form at last  a perfect whole.   Examples
of this departure we see almost daily in the various fissures re-
sulting from imperfect fusion of the separate cusps of bicus-
pids and molars.
  I will give some observations upon this subject furnished by
Oakley Coles,  he says : " We find that these conditions  are not
(at any rate in England), confined to any one class or locality,
or at least the boundary lines both of class  and locality are  not
so clearly defined as to  be reliable for the purpose of argument.
But in Scotland and Ireland the reverse is the case ;  there we
find those who live in cities  and have  accepted to  the  fullest
extent the doubtful blessing of high civilization are  the  people
who give the  most  marked symptoms of  deterioration  of the
dental organs,  whilst those who  live in the  country and on the
coast of Ireland and Scotland having as a  rule well  developed
jaws and perfect teeth.   The care they take of their teeth does
not enter into the case as a factor of sufficient value to be worth
considering   *   *  *   We observe,  too, that simplicity of
diet in the North of  Scotland and in most parts of Ireland (ex-
cept in cities) is the rule and not the exception ; and, moreover,
that in Scotland especially oatmeal  in some form or other enters
very largely into the diet of the masses of  the people ;  and so
strongly marked is the influence exercised upon the  bones  and
teeth of those who eat oatmeal that in various isolated districts
and families in England its effects can be clearly recognized.
  " (a.)  It thus seems that we have a  certain article of diet,
or perhaps it would be wise to say a certain  form of a class  of
food, that when taken for one or two  generations  is found in
its influence  to be associated with well-developed  teeth  and
bones. 
IO4          MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE

  "(5.)  That where it is not used we have inferior teeth  and
bones and greater liability to caries.
  " (c.)  That the use of oatmeal and other whole meal is bene-
ficial even in individual cases, when adopted in  early life, inde-
pendently of either locality or nationality.
  " Having thus endeavored to  establish the fact of the  in-
fluence of whole meal diet upon  the  dental  tissues, both  by
positive and negative evidence—evidence moreover, which is
capable of most ample proof or denial if  it be  inaccurate,—it
only remains for  me to  point out the measures that I think
should be adopted with  a  view to  improving the teeth of  the
next generation."
  The benefit to be derived from  the  use  of whole meal  after
birth is comparatively small, since those teeth that are ready for
eruption are all in advanced  stage of development and calci-
fication has  proceeded to a great extent with the rest;  and
although we may recognize the influence of the circulation upon
every part of the organism it is not clear that in  the case of  the
dental tissues we can hope at all perfectly to build up structures
of such ?. dense character that have been in the first instance
imperfectly developed.  We are,  therefore, by force of circum-
stances compelled to rest our hopes upon a dietary treatment,
to be adopted by the mother during child bearing ; and I cannot
but think we shall be wanting in our duty to our patients if we
fail to point out either directly or  through  our  medical friends
the importance of ordering  such  a  diet during pregnancy as
shall supply the mother with the necessary salts for the osseous
system  of her offspring.  " The  use  of  whole meal bread  in-
stead of flour, deprived as flour  is of so many of  its valuable
ingredients, offers a simple way of accomplishing the end in
view : whilst oat-cakes and oat-meal porridge offer an attractive
diet for those who  prefer the  meal  in  the  latter forms.   We
might  thus,  I  think,   do   more to  prevent  decay of  the
teeth than we can ever hope to accomplish  by any of the  pro-
phylactic measures that can only  be adopted after birth."
   The above treatment would also greatly reduce the mortality
from dentition, as  robust healthy children seldom have  any
 rouble in teething. 
            MISSOURI STATE  DENTAL ASSOCIATION.        IO5

  It is estimated that the miller takes out of every  barrel  of
flour forty pounds of the mineral elements, which were put there
by nature to form strong bones and teeth.  It is also calculated
that on an average  every child  in  a year consumes one  half
barrel of flour ; hence the child is deprived of twenty pounds of
phosphate and carbonate of lime.
  Dr. John J. Allen, of  New York, says :  "I have  many
families  tenacious   to have  their children fed on the proper
materials,  and find that  these  children usually  have  sound
teeth."   I  think that if the Doctor  should make  inquiry  he
would find that the mothers of these children were in the habit
of using the proper food  themselves.   Food bears two  rela-
tions to  the teeth,  nutritive and  mechanical.  The teeth like
other organs  require  proper  exercise,  and no  doubt  the
want of exercise deprives the teeth and surrounding  organs  of
the proper stimulus which  is required to give a full and healthy
flow  of blood to the parts, preventing the deposition  of  tooth
substances and preventing the  absorption of the roots  of the
deciduous teeth.  I would have the child  provided  with some
food in a solid form, as well baked cakes of whole flour; the
Graham crackers  found at the grocers are relished by most all
children.  I do not wish to be understood as advocating a diet
exclusively of  whole meal, but would have  the child furnished
with  pure milk, vegetables and rare beef.  Raw  beef scraped
and the fibres removed is relished and agrees  with  small chil-
dren.  Coffee and tea drinking are injurious, being too stimu-
lating and also being liable to lead the child into the habit of
washing down partially masticated food.  Children should be
taught  to  eat slowly  and  masticate the food thoroughly, as
throwing into the stomach  a crude mass of  food irritates  that
organ and in time  will render  it incapable of performing its
proper functions ;  sour eructions will be thrown into the mouth
destroying the teeth.
   The  food question has  led us a little ahead of our story, and
we will go back to the deciduous  teeth previous to  eruption.
During the time included  between  the fifth and  thirty-sixth
month  the first set of teeth are erupted and  is a time filled with 
io6
MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE
anxiety for the mothers, when by far the  greatest number  of
deaths take place among children, whether the immediate cause
be in the head, the chest or the abdomen.  The majority of ills
afflicting children at  this time  are  due  to reflex  action,  the
initiatory point being in  the  gums,  which have become con-
gested by the irritation of  an erupting tooth.  Gum lancing is
clearly indicated in such cases and the relief afforded by a free
incision through  the  gum in  many instances in which there was
acute pain, has given immediate  relief, the child immediately
falling asleep.
  Many have gotten  the erroneous impression that lancing  the
gums may cause callous afterwards  and become so hard that
the tooth cannot get through so easily as if left alone.   It is a
well known fact to surgeons that the new formation,  cicatrice,
is more easily broken down than the  normal tissue.   This is
sufficient to answer that objection to gum lancing.
  The vaccination of the child  is an  operation  of which  the
physician and mother soon think, and the thought is  generally
followed by action, especially if there are any reports of small-
pox circulating in the vicinity.
  " Has vaccination anything to do  with  the degeneration  of
human teeth?" is a question worthy of profound thought  and
thorough investigation, and the proper time to vaccinate deter-
mined.
  The teeth are dermal appendages ; their first germs are  dis-
cernible at a very early period of foetal existence,  and in  its
primitive stage each tooth is  in the condition of a  soft  impres-
sive mass.  At birth, and for some  time  after, nature is more
busily engaged in building the different organs of  our complex;
bodies than at any other period, and should  not be disturbed.
The infant's system should be kept  in a state  of repose.  The
liability of a  child being  attacked  by small-pox is very small,
whereas vaccination is direct and immediate.   Let us  dentists,
acting in the interests of our patients, look well into this matter
so that we may be able to prevent mischief.   I  should advise
deferring vaccination until three or four years of age had been
attained. 
            MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.        107

  A child is seldom  brought to the dentist  until its teeth  show
signs of decay, and more frequently not until they are painful.
When a child is first presented to you, endeavor to win the con-
fidence of the child at its first visit, and should you succeed the
future will be bright, the child will not hesitate  to  visit you
when necessary.   Should it be necessay to resort  to  an  anes-
thetic, the plan followed in the infant hospitals in France seems
worthy of trial.  At eight o'clock the sister administers a dose
of chloral and the child goes to sleep in twenty minutes ; at nine
o'clock the dentist passes through the ward and pulls the teeth,,
and  when the  child  wakes up, after three  or four hours, it  is
minus the tooth or teeth without suffering or having seen the
dentist.
  It is not necessary to dwell upon the importance of preserv-
ing the deciduous teeth until they  are replaced  by the  perma-
nent ones, but I will call your attention to the evils which may
result from the  premature removal  of the second deciduous
molars.  The early  loss of these teeth allow the six year molars
to come forward  and take up a part of the  room  belonging  to
the bicuspids, and they will come in irregular or at least crowd-
ing upon the other teeth, increasing the liability to  decay on the
approximal  surfaces.  The prolonged retention of the tempo-
rary set of teeth is frequently  the cause of  irregularity  in the
permanent ones.   Premature extraction  of temporary  teeth
should be avoided.   What will be the future of  this  case? is a
question  the dentist should study well before undertaking oper-
ations in children's mouths.
  We should study prognosis  as well as diagnosis, the  former
being more important in the  case  of a child.   When  we are
called upon  to treat deciduous teeth we must ask ourselves how
long should  these teeth last? and treat according to the answer.
  As a rule deciduous teeth will not  require filling, if taking in
time.  Separate and polish approximate surfaces,  making self-
cleansing.   The grinding surfaces, when slightly decayed, may
be converted into saucer shaped and self-cleansing.
  In deciduous teeth the enamel is  thinner  and the  decay ad-
vances more evenly in  dentine and  enamel, forming  shallow 
io8          MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE

cavities, requiring considerable excavating  in  order to secure
properly formed  cavities.  Should the tooth  be sensitive and
the child nervous, it is very difficult to  make a good filling,  as
pain should be avoided if  possible.   Should the decay expose
the pulp treat the same as in permanent teeth,  and fill the roots
in case the pulp is killed.  In many cases where the decay is
extensive the roots should be filled and the  surface of the tooth
may be ground to a saucer shape and left so.   The deciduous
molars are first in importance as organs of  mastication,  and  to
keep in place the first permanent molar.  Canines  are  second
in importance and centrals third.
           ( To be continued at our next meeting.)
     MERCURY  AND   ITS  EFFECTS.
                BY WTM.  N. CONRAD, D. D. S.
'Read  before the Missouri State  Dental Association, June 8, 1882.
Mr. President and Gentlemen:
  In considering this subject I will not go into details and write
an  elaborate  paper upon the chemistry, preparations and gen-
eral medical aspect of the mercurial manifestations,  but it shall
be my endeavor to present  a  few points for the members  to
discuss if they so desire ; if not, let it drop as unworthy the time
and attention of a body of professional gentlemen.
  There is no room for discussion  upon the beneficial  or in-
jurious effects  of mercury  as  used  in  certain  cases  by the
medical practitioner, but it is for us to decide, if we can, whether
the effects  of mercury  used in making an amalgam,  or whether
the mercury in rubber plates  acts  injuriously upon the  tooth
structure, mucous membrane, bones, or the system generally—
which it  must do if it  effects every  tissue  and  every  cell  of
every tissue as a poison.
  At the outset I may as well say that I have failed to see any 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.         IO9
of the baneful  results  often  referred to by  so  many of our
leading brother dentists.  I do not hold to my  opinion  as  to
the effects of  mercury from so prejudiced  a stand-point  as  to
preclude the possibility of an entire change in my convictions ;
I am open to  conviction, and am willing  to  receive  evidence
from  whatever source, no matter whether it supports  my posi-
tion or not.  My hope  is  for  honesty and not  for  clap-trap
buncome  to act as an advertisement of quackery in high life for
those who seek a notorious notoriety.  The only  method for us
to investigate is the  evaporation, as metallic mercury does not
act injuriously.  When taken into the stomach it  acts by reason
of  its  weight,   mechanically.   But  evaporated mercury  is
another thing, and may, if taken into  the  system in  sufficient
quantity,  produce deleterious effects.   The use of mercury in
the arts and sciences has  been known  to  produce disastrous
results upon the human body, but in  that case the amount ap-
proximates that  used by Dr.  Talbot in  his experiments  upon
roaches, and does  not  compare  with  the minute quantity used
in mixing  amalgams applied to the filling of the teeth,  or to the
amount used as a  coloring matter for  rubber,  as  applied  to
making plates.  But  since the rubber license has been  done
away with we do not hear much, if  anything,  about its bad
effects when used  in connection with rubber.  Therefore, we
will let one-half of the subject drop as  settled by the removal of
the license, and we only have  left  to investigate  its use  in
the making of  a filling material  for teeth.  The durability of
filling materials of this  character need not occupy the time of
this society.  The  test of  from five to forty years has settled
that question  and needs no  argument on my part to have it
accepted as a fact.    But the real question  at issue is " whether
the mercury used in the  making of amalgams manifests itself as
a poison?"  If so how  do  we know it is taken into the system
and  produces the poisonous effects attributed to  it by some of
the honorable men  in our  profession?  Is it a poison  when  so
used?  Is  the combination chemical or mechanical? Why do not
these  same men  continue the war they waged some time ago
ao-ainst the use of rubber  for making plates?  Is the mercury 
no
MINUTES  AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE
used by the manufacturers now any the less injurious than it was
during the years that are  past?—when our  dear and  sainted
brother Josiah Bacon, was in the  land of the living instead of
being among the chosen singing psalms in paradise.  Now gen-
tlemen, I  think the  mercury of  the present is the same as the
mercury of the past,  exerting no deleterious  influence upon the
mucous membrane and surrounding  tissues.  Dentistry without
a rubber plate would be like dentistry without amalgams, neither
can be discarded and we remain honest to ourselves and honest
to our patients.   Do not understand me  to  be an  advocate of
any special line of practice, my idea is that nothing can be dis-
carded which has been proven of utility by years of successful
trial.   Gold, amalgam, gutta  percha, oxy-chlorides, ox-yphos-
phates, tin—all  have  been  tried  and  have  been found  of
great value in certain  cases.  A very worthy member of  our
local society said upon  one occasion that teeth  should  be filled
with other than these  material substances I have mentioned,
namely: brains, conscience and judgment.   This I admit and
hope that  none of us will  ever perform  an  operation  without
them.   This is only one of the many good ideas I have received
at his  hands, and I  consider  the association  with so conser-
vative  a member of  our profession both a pleasure and a great
benefit to  me individually.  It has been said that  the  mercury
in amalgams has a deleterious effect upon tooth substance, that
it produces a disintegration of the  tooth  so that  it crumbles
away from the filling,  also that it  effects  the gums, mucous
membrane, bones, in fact the entire  system feels the impress of
the poison.  Is that  so?  I do not  believe it, having  failed to
have it demonstrated to me, and by  demonstration I mean some
facts that  can be  relied upon, not the bare  assertion  made by
men, who  are incapable of  making a scientific demonstration
of any subject however important.   I have had some light,  and
desire further light  upon a subject,  which to me is a matter of
honesty or dishonesty in the practitioner.  We have heard it said
that our profession would have been benefited  had amalgams
never  been introduced, that  the professional  standard would
have  been  elevated.  This  would lead  us  to  infer  from 
            MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.        Ill

the status  of  the  subject that  mercury  not  only salivates,
but  has the  power  to  degrade the  professional  standard
as well.  What a subtile power this  mercury must  possess !
When an   amalgam  plug  has  been  removed  the  entire
surface has been  found oxydized.  Does the mercury produce
the discoloration?  The ease  with which an amalgam plug can
be  introduced is  mentioned as another one of the  deleterious
results of the use of mercury in  the  composition.   How about
the destructive oxy-chlorides, or distructible oxy-phosphates?
The contraction of  amalgam fillings I suppose might be cited as
another  evidence of  the  systemic manifestation of mercurial
poisoning.   How about the fillings that are  known to have been
in the mouth from twenty to forty years ? Amalgams can be used
by reason of its cheapness  and adaptibihty where gold  cannot
be used  as  a permanent filling material, and for that reason if
there  is a risk (which I do not believe) some chances might be
taken even if we had to remove a proportion to remedy the sup-
posed evil.  But gentlemen, the bad effects  are due to defective
manipulation and not to the injurious effects of the mercury
used.  The records of death from the poisoning of the  system
by mercury evaporated from amalgam is a delusion and a snare,
without any  adequate proof.   The causes of  dead bone, sore
mouths,  crumbling  teeth, etc., etc.,  should be looked  for  in
another  direction, and one in which  the  administration of  a
little  mercury in conjunction with idoide of potassium  would
produce  wonderful results in removing these disorders.  Another
one of the bad effects is the enormous profits the  manufacturers
realize upon the investment.  One of the most important reasons
why amalgam should be  used is that thousands who have their
teeth  preserved by its use would be  compelled  to  lose them.
We as a class  are  not  much pleased at  the idea of becoming
professional givers—allowing a person six dollars worth of work
for two or three, or twelve dollars for four or five, etc., etc.   If
we  did, we would be a class of fools unworthy the name  of pro-
fessional gentlemen.  A  physician  who  would give inferior
medicine would  lose caste.  A dentist who  would give bad
advice, should  lose  caste.  The  same  cry was raised  twenty 
112
MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE
years ago that is raised now, and still it is used ; without it many
teeth would be lost.  If it  does nothing else  than preserve the
roots for the operations of  more  competent men it has served a
very valuable purpose and  should be  used.  Give the devil his
due, amalgams save the teeth, while rubber plates give teeth to
those who have failed to have it used, without either thousands
of good but poor people would be without aid.  Toothlesss with
no means to help them.  If one in  every ten were poisoned to
salivation, then  we  could not  do without  them, as  there is
no  substitute for either as a  cheap material  for poor people.
There  are  but  two  substances  for filling  teeth  that  we  can
designate  permanent—Gold  and  amalgam—and  those  who
do not use  both  must  be  either  dishonest  to  themselves
or dishonest to their patients,  and  one  is as  bad  as  the
other.   In  making  members  capable  of  belonging  to  an
elevated profession,  it  is not necessary that they  be  gold
men, amalgam men  or   putty  men,  but  that they  possess
brains, conscience and judgment.  Bartholow in his  " Materia
Medica"says:  "When  extremely severe cases of salivation
were not uncommon, permanent damage  to the osseous struc-
tures often occurred and globules of mercury could be shaken
out of the dry bones of such subjects.   Happily  nowadays such
cases do not occur.  The moderate use of  mercury  short of
ptyalism does not appear to effect the human system injuriously."
        TUMORS OF THE ORAL  CAVITY.
            BY TOM CONRAD, M. D., NEW YORK.
  A tumor is an unnatural circumscribed enlargement of a part
of the body.  It  differs  from hypertrophy in that  it is circum-
scribed, yet the  difference  is hardly distinguishable,  for we
have chronic enlargement of the tonsils, or hypertrophy of the
parotid or maxillary glands,  and they are in fact tumors.  Still,
calling a hypertrophied gland a tumor will  in  no wise  conflict
with my  definition, as it will be  seen that they  are  circum- 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.         II3
scribed, while the hypertrophy of the gums, tongue and other
parts of  the mouth  are  not.   Therefore, in this essay I will
seek only to explain such morbid growths  and masses  of  the
oral cavity as come strictly under  the  definition heading this
paper.
  Tumors are essentially of three kinds :  First,  the  innocent
or benign ;  that is, those which do not interfere with the  func-
tions of the parts affected, except by weight, and  which do not
endanger the life of the patient.
  Second, malignant, or those which may not only destroy the
part where it is situated, but also the life of the patient.
  Third, semi-malignant, which  are a class that at first appear
as innocent, but afterwards develop  into malignant.
  To distinguish these  varieties  is  someti.nes  quite  difficult.
Still, the examiner may be aided by remembering  the following
points of difference :
  First, in the innocent and semi-malignant tumors the struc-
ture partakes of the  natural tissues,  while in the  malignant it
does not, being generally formed  out  of material entirely dis-
tinct from the part in which it  develops.  It usually begins in a
cell.
  Secondly, the innocent tumor is  not prone  to  softening  or
ulceration ; the malignant is very  apt  to soften  and  ulcerate,
and the  semi-malignant  is  not liable to ulcerate  till it  is
developed.
  Thirdly, innocent tumors do not affect distant parts or differ-
ent tissue from that in which they originate ; malignant tumors
are liable to affect distant parts  or  adjacent structures ;  semi-
malignant tumors transfer their malignancy to distant parts, but
only to the same kind of tissue.
  Fourthly, innocent tumors will not return when  entirely re-
moved ; malignant growths will  always come back, and semi-
malignant ones are exceedingly prone  to recur.
  Fifthly, in the innocent tumor we may have an overflow  of
the normal tissues, but it remains in its original tissue ; a malig-
nant tumor is apt to  overflow, but it  attacks all kinds of tissues ;
in the semi-malignant tumor, the parts are not hypertrophied, 
IIzj.          MINUTES  AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE

as in the benign affection, but there may be an overflow of the
parts.
  It  will be seen by the foregoing that, in diagnosing a morbid
growth, we must first  consider  its physical properties; next,
the relation it bears to  the surrounding parts,  and  third,  its
history.
   In regard to the physical properties, we  have to  consider:
ist.  The situation, as adipose tissue, skin,  cellular tissue, liver,
bones, mucous  membranes, etc.   2d.  The  form,  as globular,
flat, pedicellate, conical, or whether the surface is regular and
even, as is generally  the case  in benign, or  irregular, as in
malignant growths.  3d. The volume. 4th. The consistence,
as soft, hard or  semi-solid.  5th. The color, as  red, livid,
purple, transparent, opaque, etc.  6th. The  mobility of the
tumor.  7th. The sensibility.
   As to the relation the  mass bears  to the  adjacent  tissues,
many things are to be noticed.   First, the way it is held down
or inclosed.  Second,  the tendency of the  tumor to ulcerate ;
also the tendency of the  neighboring  lymphatics to  swell  and
ulcerate;  and lastly, the  sympathetic relation  between the
development of the tumor and the general health.   Malignant
growths have been stopped for a  considerable  time  by simply
giving attention  to the health and hygenic  mode of living, with
an antiseptic and antiphlogistic treatment.
   The history of the case gives us many points of  comparison,
and often furnishes important clues to the correct diagnosis of
the  growth.
   Tumors occur  at  all ages, but some forms of malignant ones
are  more common at certain periods of life, viz :   Schirrous is
most  usually found in  old people,  while cncephaloid is most
common  at  the ages of  20 to 50; scrofulous tumors are gener-
 ally found in youth  and  childhood.  Innocent tumors are most
usually met with  in people from about 20  to 30 years of age.
   We  must also notice the time  of development.   Benign
growths, as a rule,  grow  very   slowly, while  malignant  ones
 develop rapidly,  attain.large size, affect the  neighboring  lym-
 phatics and produce general constitutional disorder.   Innocent 
            MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.        II5

tumors do not tend to return, but malignant  growths are very
prone to repullulate.
  It is rare that a tumor disappears spontaneously, still there
are several  ways  in  which it might occur, namely, absorption,
ulceration, gangrene  or enucleation.
  Having thus prepared ourselves by a review of the qualities
and characteristics of tumors in general, we  will  now  turn
our attention to  the consideration  of the  kinds  of  morbid
growths  that are liable to affect the individual parts of the oral
cavity, commencing with the soft  parts and finally taking up
the hard structures in the following order:  palate, uvula, ton-
sils, tongue, salivary glands, gums, teeth, superior and  inferior
maxillary bones.
  The first  portion of the mouth that we  will  consider  will be
the palate.   Solid, semi-solid and cystic tumors  are sometimes
found here.  They may attain such size as to seriously hinder
respiration, mastication and deglutition,  and sometimes com-
pletely fill the mouth ; still, this  last is rare.  The form  of tu-
mor most frequently met with in this part of the oral cavity is
the recurring fibroid.  It is of a light yellow  color, of firm con-
sistence.  Its structure is of a wavy, fibrous nature, with an
occasional oil cell.  While this growth is  of a general  benign
character, yet it is seldom cured by excision, and generally re-
turns after  extirpation.   It  is  very  rarely that we find any
malignant disease  of the palate.  It is characterized, as usual,
by  rapid growth and the  accompanying pain.
  The only treatment is early  extirpation.   This operation be-
ing greatly facilitated by the use of a volsella, or stout hook to
draw the tumor forward.   There is no  need to fear hemor-
rhage, as no large blood vessels are  involved ; but styptics may
be  used, should it become troublesome, or recourse  may have
to be had to actual cautery.
  A most uncommon tumor of the vault of  the  mouth is  the
vascular erectile.   This form usually appears as  a soft, reddish,
bluish, or pale growth, from the size of the end of the little finger
to that of a Missouri hickory-nut.  It is  smooth, of a round
shape, and pulsates synchronously with the heart; that is, if it is 
H6          MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE

of an arterial character.  If it is  composed of a net-work of
veins, then we generally have an absence of pulsation, and it is
of a  darker hue.   This kind of  tumors occasionally ulcerate.
There is a case on record where there was a periodic hemor-
rhage from a tumor of this kind, which seemed to act vicarious
with the catamenia.
  Diagnosis of this class of growths is extremely easy.   The
history  of the case, and the color and absence from pain, all
tend to  distinguish it from an abcess of the  roof of the mouth,
which is the only disease of this part for which it is likely to be
taken.
  If the tumor is  venous in  character, excision would  be the
most proper remedy ; but if it is of  an arterial character, then
ligation or actual cautery.  If the tumor is arterial and very large,
nothing should be  done without due precaution.
  A genuine aneurism in this region will seldom be found, but
should one be found, the only way to treat it is to lay open the
tumor and ligate both ends of the artery.  A cure  of an aneur-
ism in this part by actual cautery is reported by Teirling.
  Encysted tumors of the palate are extremely rare. Saucerotte
reports  one that he cured  by puncturing,  and injecting it with
tincture of iodine.
  The only affection of the uvula that can be  likened to a tu-
mor is the hypertrophy of the  same, caused generally by fre-
quent attacks of cold.  This affection is generally accompanied
with enlarged tonsils, inflammed fauces, palate, &c.
  The remedy is extirpation.   It is  best to make it complete,
for if part is left it is liable to recur.
  We next come  to  that most important organ, the tongue.
This organ is liable to almost every kind of tumor.
  We sometimes find an erectile tumor  here.   It being almost
always  located at  the anterior  extremity, where it has the ap-
pearance of a soft, bluish, elastic growth of  various size and
shape.   There  is no  pain accompanying it.   It very   rarely
attains  any great size, though occasionly it is of sufficient bulk
to force the teeth out of position, and even expanding the lower
jaw.  Under mental excitement it is liable to  become tempora-
rily enlarged. 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.         117
  The best treatment is to apply the Vienna paste, which is made
of equal parts of quicklime and potassa mixed with spirits of wine.
The diseased part to which it is to be applied is  circumscribed
by a  hole cut in a  piece   of  sticking  plaster.   The  paste
is left  on ten or twenty minutes, according  to the  depths
of the eschar required.   If the  tumor is small and conveniently
situated  it may be removed  by means  of  ligature.  Some au-
thors suggest ligating the lingual  arteries, but this is rarely
advisable, as there is  danger  of fatal sloughing.
  We have also epithelial tumors, or wartlike excrescences on
the tongue.   This form  of growth is most commonly found on
the sides and tip  of the  tongue, of a red  color, and painless.
They increase in  size very tardily, rarely getting larger than a
large gooseberry. They are attached to the  tongue by a small
pedicle.
  They can be removed  by ligature  if  hemorrhage is feared;
but generally, if they are small, they can be  snipped off with a
pair of scissors, or they may  be  destroyed in their earlier stages
with chromic or carbolic  acid.
  Cystic tumors are very seldom found  on the tongue, and then
it is hard to determine accurately their  nature, which can only
be done positively when they  approach near the surface. Should
they be suspected, the exploring needle  should be used.  Once
in a while a single  cyst of  some size  is seen,  but most gen-
erally there  are  a number  of  small ones scattered over the
tongue, none  of  them ever  getting  much larger than a  pea.
Incision  and injection, or a  seton are the remedies, depending
on size, structure and age of  tumor.
  Fibroid tumors are sometimes found  in the substance, or on
the surface of the tongue.  They are generally  round, or oval
in shape, very firm, and  of tardy painless growth.   Those that
are on the surface are  most commonly of a polypoid appear-
ance, being joined by a  narrow pedicle to the  tongue.   This
specie of tumors is  sometimes  said to be congenital.   They
should be removed in the manner suggested for polypoid growths
in other parts.
  We have some  instances of fatty  tumors being found on the 
n8
MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE
tongue, but they are very few.  The most common seat of this
form of growths of the tongue is immediately  over the  sublin-
gual gland.  They may attain the size of a large toy  marble, or
even of a Missouri hickory-nut, and greatly interfere with mas-
tication and speech.   Their removal can be successfully ac-
complished with but very little trouble or hemorrhage, by exer-
cising an ordinary amount of care.
  Encephaloid of the tongue is so extremely  rare that it need
hardly to be  mentioned.  The  only  malignant disease  with
which this organ  is commonly affected is a form of epithelioma.
  The tonsils may enlarge to such an extent as to form a tumor
completely filling the  pharynx.  This  disease  if taken soon
enough may be  remedied  by applications of the tincture of
aconite root, applied with a camel's hairbrush, or pieces of cot-
ton held by a pair of dentist's pliers.   Nitrate  of silver in solu-
tion may also be used.   Gargles of mucilaginous, acidulous, or
slightly astringent liquids may be used by the  patient to enable
him to discharge  the viscid mucous that  lines the fauces.  When
the enlargement has become  chronic then little  can be  done
short of extirpation.   This is  a very simple operation  and  is
done by means of one of the various kinds  of  tonsillatomes.
  Although as a general rule there will be but little bleeding, yet
in some cases it will be quite alarming.   Insuch cases use must
be  had of  the various styptics, as Monsel'ssolution, sulphate
of copper, powdered alum, etc.
  The tonsils  may be, though very seldom are, the seat of a se-
rous cyst, a thin aqueous fluid, or a translucent substance like the
white of an egg,  being its contents.  It is usually very small, and
can only be suspected when the tonsils  are of a whitish, trans-
lucent appearance, and the sense of fluctuation is felt on appli-
cation of the finger.  The only  inconvenience it affords is  its
interference with the act of swallowing.
   It should as soon as recognized be punctured and, as soon as
its  contents have escaped, be thoroughly  injected with  either
carbolic, or chromic acid, tincture of iodine, or argenti nitras.
   Once in a while a fibrous  growth  of  a polypoid  nature will
be observed growing on the tonsils.  They should be removed 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.
II9
by grasping them with  a pair of polyp-forceps and twisting
them off.
  The tonsils are so rarely affected with  encephaloid, or other
malignant  growths as  to  hardly deserve  to be  mentioned.
When  they do  occur,  however,  they are recognized  by the
characteristics common to these kinds of growth in other struc-
tures, and they generally exist in connection with similar affec-
tions elsewhere.
  Treatment is of little avail, and the only justifiable cause for
interference is where the  gland is so large  as to obstruct the
passages to the lungs and stomach,  and then only  temporary
relief can be hoped.
  The salivary glands, owing  to  their protected situation and
the peculiarity  of their function, are very rarely the seat of acci-
dent or disease.  Still  we sometimes meet with morbid growths
of these parts  most of which  are of a malignant form.  They
will be noticed separately in the  following order, sublingual,
submaxillary and parotid glands.
  The most common affection of the sublingual glands is an
encysted tumor, which on account of its  supposed resemblance
to the belly of  a frog has received the name  of  ranula.   The
cause  of this growth is the closure of the orifices of the excre-
tory canals of the glands, eitherby some foreign substance, or
adhesion of the walls.  The secretions accumulate, causing the
gland  to increase in size.  The pent up fluid undergoes very im-
portant changes, generally assuming the appearance of the white
of an egg, but it may be thin and aqueous, or of a  thick pappy
consistency, or like the synovial liquor of the  joints,  yellowish
and oily.
  They generally occur in young people, the  ages between 18
and 30 being the most prolific, still they may occur at any age.
They  rarely get larger than a robin's egg, though they may as-
sume such size as to force the  tongue against the roof  of the
mouth, thereby preventing eating and drinking as well as speech.
The teeth may  be also crowded out of place and  the  chin
caused to elongate, as  in  the case  of  erectile tumors of the
tongue. 
120
MINUTES  AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE
  The diagnosis is easily made  out.  Its tardy development,
little or no pain, its peculiar appearance, and its situation under
and by the side of  the tongue leave little doubt as to its nature.
Should, however,  any doubt exist, an  exploring needle  will
soon settle the question.
  The treatment will, of course, depend much on the size of
the tumor .and age of the patient.  If the  case is  of  recent
origin, relief may be given by introducing  the probe, thereby
removing the obstruction ;  still while this may be successful, it is
such a very tedious operation as to hardly recommend  its use.
The  most satisfactory treatment is to cut out a part of the  sac
with  hook and  scissors.   The   part will gradually heal  by
granulation.   Some surgeons depend a great deal on the  seton,
or the sac may by  injected with the tincture of iodine or car-
bolic  acid diluted.  Sometimes  the ranula is a hard, gristly
mass ; in that case, it must be extirpated.  This is easily done by
making an incision along  the side of  the tongue, the mucous
membrane reflected and the tumor enucleated  with the handle
of the scalpel.
  Carcinoma of the gland is of extreme rarity, but it possesses
all the characteristics of this disease in other parts.
  The submaxillary glands are very rarely the seat of disease,
but we occasionally find an ordinary tumor here as an enlarged
lymphatic ganglion. They rarely need excision, generally yield-
ing to anti-strumous remedies in  connection with hygenic treat-
ment.  But where there are serious symptoms, then the tumor must
be removed.  This operation does not require as much skill as it
does anatomical knowledge of the region in which it is located.
The easiest way is  to  make an  incision  along the base of the
jaw,  having  an assistant hold the facial artery  out of the way
with  a blunt hook, then take the fingers, or handle of the knife
and gradually extract the mass  through the opening.  Some-
times, however, the tumor is immovably fixed, in this  case it
requires a tedious and careful dissection.
  The malignant  disease to which this gland, in common with
the parotid, is  subject, is  schirrous.  Yet this  affection  very
rarely exists.  This gland may become involved with carcino- 
            MISSOURI STATE  DENTAL ASSOCIATION.         121

ma of the lower lip, or epulis, or encephaloid of inferior maxil-
lary.
  The only remedy is excision, which  unfortunately is seldom
curative.  The operation requires some dexterity, as the facial
artery is  necessarily involved.  By tying this artery, which will
be  found posterior  to morbid growth, the  operation may be
comparatively a bloodless one, taking care to avoid the  sublin-
gual artery and hypo-glossal  nerve.  Make the incision directly
over the  middle of  the  tumor, or if it is of much size, a T in-
cision may be required.
  As the malignant diseases  of this gland can not always be di-
agnosed, with any degree of certainty, from the simple enlarge-
ment and induration, it  will  be  seen that we  must thoroughly
investigate the case prior to subjecting the patient to so  serious
an operation.  If the swelling is from ordinary causes, the sim-
plest methods are often  sufficient, as for instance the removal
of a carious tooth,  or piece of necrosed jaw  bone.
  The parotid gland is subject to  fibrous, schirrous, melanotic,
and encephaloid tumors, either in the gland itself, or the tissues
surrounding it.  The exact nature of tumors in  this locality is
hard to  diagnose ;  they  generally originate  in  the  lymphatic
ganglions, and are of slow development, but accompanied with
most severe pains on account of their pressure  on the adjacent
nerves.  They vary in size,  from a walnut to that of a squash,
sometimes producing the most hideous deformity,  the  patient
being unable  to open his mouth.
  The schirrous and fibrous  variety seldom gain  much size, but
the encephaloid and melanotic grow very large.   The usual ten-
dency is to produce death, either by constitutional irritation,
or ulceration and copious discharge.  When these growths show
themselves  at an early period, they usually run  their course in
from a year to a year and  a  half.   The  encephaloid being the
most common.
  The schirrous tumor is most usually found in elderly subjects,
and is known by its  great firmness, slow growth  and  usually
small  size.   The  melanotic is easily told by its  lobulated
and peculiar colored surface,  and its development, which is 
122
MINUTES  AND PROCEEDINGS OF  THE
between the  schirrous and encephaloid.   This form  of  mor-
bid growth is usually found in young adults.
   The only treatment where  these  affections  become  trouble-
some is the knife.   The removal of the parotid gland is not an
easy thing to accomplish, even in the cadaver,  on account  of its
peculiar situation.   But it is more easily done in a diseased con-
dition than when it is healthy, as in the latter case it is a soft in-
distinguishable  mass, while in the former it  is  well  defined.
The patient should belaid with the unaffected  side to the table,
head  and shoulders  well up.  An incision is then made, where
the tumor is small from the zygomatic arch in front of the ear to
about an inch below the angle of the jaw; this will  afford usu-
ally enough room ; but if the growth is of  any  size,  then the in-
cision must be crucial, T shaped, or elliptical.   The flaps are
dissected back  and the tumor lifted out from below upwards, in
preference to from  above downwards, as in  the former case
there is less danger of wounding the important blood vessels and
nerves  while  detaching  the  deep  seated parts of the mass.
Great caution should be exercised here, more  reliance being
placed  on the  handle of  the knife, or the fingers  which will
easily separate  the tissues where they are thin  and brittle.   But
even then care  must  be observed lest too great a degree of  in-
flammation be superinduced.   The internal carotid artery and
jugular vein with concomitant nerves are to  be avoided ; the
digastricus muscle must sometimes be  divided  on account of its
being over the  tumor.
   The antiseptic method  must always be used in all operations
of this character, which should only be performed  by a person
having a complete knowledge of the anatomy of the parts   The
operation is always followed by  complete paralysis of that side
of the face in consequence of  the motor branch of  the seventh
pair of nerves being divided.   This paralysis may in part disap-
pear after a time.  A rather unique operation is given by  Prof.
Garretson to  remedy this kind of  mishap.  (System  of  Oral
Surgery, p 990.;
   The treatment of  the wound requires  the  utmost  care and
watchfulnest.  The  patient may die from loss of blood, shock, 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.        123
or inflammation  of throat and larynx.  If the disease is malig-
nant,  it  will  recur  in from two to  eight  months after the
operation.
  We are apt to have all the tumors that affect the gland pro-
per, occur in the enveloping tissue, but the most common is an
enlargement of one or more  of the lymphatic ganglions, which
enlarge sufficiently to cause the gland to shrink and waste  away.
As much care  must be exercised in the excision of these masses
as of the gland itself; and the unwary may on removing one of
these growths  be led  to suppose that he  has also  removed the
gland.   The operator must guard against injuring the branches
of the porta dura and also the integrity of the duct of steno.
  The next part in order is the gums.  We have several  varie-
ties of tumors  in connection  with this structure, yet they  are of
a secondary nature, generally causedb y the  extension of the
disease from an adjacent part.  The most common form of mor-
bid growths of the gums, and we may say of  the month, is the
epulis, which  more correctly belongs to affection of the inferior
maxillary in which connection it will be discussed.  The carcin-
oma of the gums are  also generally of a secondary nature, being
an extension of  the disease.
   We  now come to  those  organs in which the dentist is more
immediately interested.  The only  tumor  directly  connected
with the teeth  is a fungous  growth very erroneously described
by Prof. Garretson as epulo fungoid tumor.  This growth has
nothing to do  with the gum,but develops directly from the pulp
chamber of the tooth.  It is very vascular, caused  by the en-
largement of the blood-vessels of the diseased pulp.  This kind
of tumors occasionally have periodic hemorrhages  seemingly
in connection  with the menses.   They are generally the seat of
most excruciating  pain and  the usual course pursued is the ex-
traction  of  the  tooth.  Yet this  is riot at all necessary, for the
growth can be excised, and the diseased pulp treated and cap-
ped, and the tooth filled and made to do service for many years.
The best way to do is  to insinuate a spoon-shaped  lancet
between  the  mass  and the walls  of the  cavity,  gradually
work it down to the pedicle, then with a quick cut sever the con- 
I24
MINUTES  AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE
nection  and the tumor can easily be removed.  Great care has
to be exercised in getting the lancet to its base, as it is generally
productive of some pain and the knife is liable to cut the tumor,
thereby producing profuse bleeding.  After the removal of the
tumor the hemorrhage may be controlled by liquor ferr i per-
sulphatis (Monsel's solution), then the cavity  should  be filled
with a plug of cotton  saturated with  carbolic acid, dilute and
tincture of iodine.  When it is supposed that inflammation has
subsided, the nerve can be capped  and tooth filled as the op-
erator sees fit.  A good way  is to cover the stump of the pulp
with collodion,  then fill the bottom  of the  cavity with a very
thin solution of  one of the many preparations of phosphates used
by dentists, and after  this hardens  fill with some plastic mate-
rial which  can  at some future  time be partially removed and a
gold cap put on.  A good way to get rid  of  this  tumor where
hemorrhage is feared, is by applying argenti nitras fusus (lunar
caustic).
   There is also an ivory wart-like excrescence found  on some
teeth.   We also have  an exostosis of the roots of some teeth.
These,  as a rule, cause no trouble, and  are best not interfered
with.
   Polyps of the maxillary sinus is of very rare occurrence, a
great many growths have been falsely called under this name, the
most common of which is sarcomatous.   It is very difficult to
describe this form of tumor, its elements are so various and mul-
tiform.   Its most ordinary character  is fibrous which the name
signifies, still we leave an intermixture of  other  elements as
cartilaginous, minute cysts containing serous, sanguineous, glai-
ry, or other fluids, serve to make them compound in character.
Few vessels appear in their composition, and so they rarely at-
tain much size, yet they  sometimes reach the size of a  man's
fist; neither is there  much bleeding when  they ulcerate, or we
remove them.  Their color varies, some pink, some oyster-like,
opaquely white, some livid.   The mucous membrane lining the
sinus is usually the seat of the origin  of .this  class  of  tumors,
yet they sometimes  spring from the  bone which is gradually
broken  down and lost in  the new product.   Middle age seems
to be the time they most  frequently appear. 
           MISSOURI  STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.         12$

  These growths  are easily  recognized  by their spherical,
ovoidal,  or pyramidal shape, their indisposition to  ramify
through neighboring tissues, being firm and tense in consistence,
painless, the neighboring lymphatics being unaffected, and their
tardy growth.   These tumors have but slight tendency to ulcer-
ate ;  the mouth retains its natural florid appearance.  There is
no bloody nasal discharge as in encephaloid. The general health
is not impaired, and the countenance is free from the sallow ap-
pearance common to malignant disease.
  In removing these growths, entrance should always, if possi-
ble, be made through the mouth, as then no unsightly scar will
be left on the face.   The cheek  should be carefully  dissected
away from the bone, an entrance made into the antrum just above
the roots of the teeth.  When the walls are thin only  the knife
should  be used, but they may be  so thick as to require  gouge
and mallet.  If the growth is unusually large the  entrance  will
have  to be made through the cheek.
  There is an erectile tumor of the geny-antrum which appears
to be an anastomatic aneurism of the branches  of the superior
maxillary artery.   It  is of the same variety as n&vus of the
face.  Whether it originates in the mucous membrane  or long
walls of the maxillary sinus is uncertain.   The walls of  the an-
trum  are absorbed as the tumor  increases in size and it appears
as a  blue, purple, or bright red subcutaneous growth, pulsating
in unison with the left ventricle  of the  heart.   The tumor is
liable to produce great deformity by encroaching on the nose,
mouth and eye.   This tumor is easily recognized by its steady,
and almost painless growth, its livid color both  internal  and ex-
ternal, soft, spongy, pulsating mass.  The  general  health  is
very  rarely affected till the sanguinous discharge from the nose
commences, which will sooner or later set in.
  When the tumor is recognized early, it is best to expose it by
careful dissection and apply actual cautery, liquor hydrargyri
nitratis (acid  solution of nitrate of mercury) or Vienna paste,  or
a part may be ligated as in hemorrhoids.   Where the tumor has
assumed a very large size, Prof. G.  S. Patterson's plan of liga-
ting  the common carotid artery maybe tried, but with little pros-
pect of success. 
!26          MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE
   We now come to the most common as well as the most form-
 idable affection of the antrum of Highmore. The osteocephalo-
 ma, or soft cancer, occurs in both sexes and at all ages, although
 the most  usual time is between  20 and 40 years  of  age.   Its
 most common point of origin is the mucous lining of the sinus,
 though sometimes it  begins in  the cancellated structure of the
 alveolus of one of the molar teeth, in the gum, or periosteum.
 Where it commences in the geny-antrum, it generally fills the
 chamber and forces its osseous  parietes against  the  adjacent
 parts.  It, of  course, advances more rapidly anteriorly than
 in any other  direction on  account of  the  slight resistance the
 thin wall can make to its progress, thus early forming a prom-
 inence  on the cheek.  The mass  also  proceeds down towards
 the nose, closing the corresponding nares,  upwards to the floor
 of the orbit, forcing the eye out, down towards the palate, dis-
 placing the tongue, encroaching  on the mouth and fauces, thus
 preventing mastication, deglutition, respiration and articulation.
 The patient at this stage of the disease is truly an object of com-
 miseration, on account of his horrible deformity.  The disease
 sometimes  progresses rapidly, and at other times'quite slowly,
 it seems to be more rapid in'children and youths than in middle
 or aged people.
  The encephaloid of the superior maxillary bone is easily re-
 cognized, the rapid development of the tumor, its  soft  elastic
 feel, livid look of its  buccal part, sharp darting pains.   In its
 latter stages the character  of the  ulcer and its discharges, to-
 gether with the sallow cadaverous face, and the affection of the
 lymphatics of the ear, temple,  etc.,  leave no doubt as to it.
 Then the  history of the case, and the knowledge that this dis-
 ease occurs at any age, while other growths occur  only at cer-
 tain ages.  Should doubt exist, then the exploring needle must
 be used ; if it is a cyst, then we  will have  an escape  of serum,
 or mucous-sanguineous fluid ; but if it  is encephaloid, then the
 smallest particle will, under the  microscope, reveal the  cancer
 cell.
  This disease  is generally of a local  character, and seldom
exists in connection with other malignant disease in other parts 
            MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.         12 7

of the body.  This is probably why early excision has been re-
warded with a cure.   Yet, as a rule, an operation will barelv do
more than afford temporary relief.
   Schirrous of superior  maxilla  is rarely seen ;  encephaloid
being often mistaken for it.  Should it occur, it will usually be
in advanced age, as a hard tumor.   Yet this must not be con-
founded  with  the induration  which succeeds  inflammation,
although the two states are at times so complicated as to bear
the relation of cause and effect.   When the surgeon is satisfied
as to its nature, he should remove it as once.
   Exostosis may affect the superior  maxilla at any  part and
gradually  involve the  whole bone.  It is purely a local, and
mostly  a  benign  affection, generally found  in  old or middle
aged people.   It results from external injury, syphilis,  scrofula,
rickets, gout, etc.  In such cases it is best to get rid of primary
cause.
   It can easily be told by its tardy and painless development, its
extreme hardness ; the adjacent  tissues being healthy, general
health unaffected.   There will be no sanguine  or mucous dis-
charge, no pus, no ulceration, nor disfigurement  of face, or al-
teration of the lining membrane of the oral  cavity.  The size
which sometimes is  very great, is the  only inconvenience.   A
very small exploring needle will decide as to  its nature, should
doubt  exist.
   Medical treatment will  do but little good, unless when the
tumor is small, the internal use of iodine might effect some good.
If syphilis, or other taint is its cause, then these must be gotten
rid of.  But usually nothing short of extirpation will avail, which
fortunately, is easily accomplished.
   Encysted tumors are sometimes found on the  upper jaw, but
they are extremely rare.   There  is  a very nice specimen of the
remains of one on a skull in the possession of my brother, Dr.
Wm. N.  Conrad,  of St. Louis.   The  tumor evidently origina-
ted in the cancellated structure just above the left latteral incis-
or and cuspid teeth, and grew to be about as large as the  end of
a man's thumb.
   Prof. Gross describes  a similar one, the cure of which was 
I28          MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE

effected by being cut open and  application  being freely made
with chromic acid.
  The tumor most common to the inferior maxilla is the epulis.
It is a fleshy tubercle generally found proceeding from the sock-
ets of one of the  molar teeth.  It afterwhile  ulcerates and a
bloody discharge takes place accompanied with great pain.  It
is of a malignant character and  produces death in from one to
three years.
  The only treatment is to make a resection of the jaw bone to
a considerable extent on both sides of the seat  of the affection.
  The lower jaw is also subject to a cystic tumor, but it is very
rarely seen,  and  is of a benign character.  It may attain great
aize, thereby disfiguring the face considerably,  and it may so
encroach on the mouth as to impede eating, drink, speech and,
perhaps, respiration. It usually affects only one  part, but the
whole jaw may gradually become involved.  It is usually com-
posed of a number of cells united.  The diagnosis is very sim-
ple, one peculiarity about this growth is on striking it, where the
cells  are large, there is a sound  given  like that produced by
striking a dice-box.
  The treatment is usually, after its contents have been  re-
moved,  to inject it with iodine and water, or carbolic acid and
water, then  apply pressure.  If there  is  much tendency of the
cyst to  refill, then cut it open and put in a tent  saturated with
iodine or carbolic acid.  If the  tumor is very  large and thick,
then dissect down to it and chisel away part,  or  all.  There is
no danger of its recurring when thoroughly removed.
  There is a form of cyst which, on account of the peculiar na-
ture of its structure is called hematoid.   Same treatment as  for
a cyst.  Encephaloid \§ found here as elsewhere, and produces
death in about one year after its origin.
  This ends the  list of important tumors of the oral cavity.
I have but  merely touched  on this most important subject,  but
no doubt have made my paper too long for  the good  of  the
society.  Yet but a few words  more and I  am through.  If the
tumor is benign,  stationary, painless,  and does not  interfere
with  any of the functions of the  mouth, it is best left alone. 
           MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.        129

Erysipelas is a frequent sequence of operation, so where one is
determined on, the system should receive previous preparation.
Care  should  be  taken in removing  the tumor to injure the
healthy surrounding parts as little as possible ;  therefore,  the
blade should be used as little as  possible.   All diseased tissues
must be removed with  the  tumor.  The incision must be  so
made as to favor  drainage ; that is, one  extremity must be at
the most dependent part of  the growth.  None of  the healthy
integuments over the tumor  ought to be  removed  unless  the
growth is of great size, due allowance being made for the skin's
wonderful contractile power, as there may be a deficiency when
the flaps are being approximated.  When all oozing  of blood
has ceased the edges are nicely brought together by suture  and
adhesive straps, the object being to get union by first intention.
It is generally best  to let the first dressing remain  unchanged
for at least three  days, unless there are some unfavorable signs.
   In malignant disease it is best not to disturb the growth, as it
only, as a rule, aggravates the difficulty.  The  patient  should
be put on hygenic treatment, bowels  kept regular, and sleep
produced by anodynes and  narcotics where  the pain  will not
allow of natural rest, besides the anti-septic  and the anti-phlo-
gistic treatment.
   Where extirpation is decided on, then it must be thorough, as
the smallest  cancer cell may reproduce the malady.   There-
fore, the incision  must be made through the  healthy tissues
some distance from  the growth, and if  part  is  left  on  the
removal of the main mass, it must be traced out and removed.
Where only a part of  an organ is affected, it is a good rule to
remove the whole organ.
   Whatever you  do, do with precision and firmness,  let there
be no tremulousness, no hesitancy in your operations.
                                   Tom Conrad, M.D.,
     no W. 15th street.                 New  York, N. T. 
130
MINUTES AND  PROCEEDINGS OF THE
          THE TREATMENT OF  CERVICAL WALL.
                             BY J.  F.  HASSEL.
         Read before the Missouri State Dental Association, June, 1882.

          In presenting this subject to the  Association, I would say that
       it is my honest conviction, based upon an exxperience of 35 years
       constant practice, that  operations  required  upon  the proxi-
       mal surfaces and especially the cervical wall are by far the most
       difficult, the most laborious and at  times the most  discouraging
       of any we are called upon to  perform.
         Very few practitioners, whether attempting  the restoration of
       the contour  of  the  tooth or not,  properly  prepare  and fill
       cavities and finish fillings upon the  proximal surfaces.
         The vast majority of operators, and I will say some of those
       reputed  first-class,  fail to remove  every part of  disintegrated
       enamel and  dentine,  and also leave  that part  of  the filling and
       the cervical wall very  defective, although  such fillings may
►       have  the appearance  of having  been properly inserted and
       finished.  Result.—Many of our grandest efforts on these walls
       are but golden monuments and  pyramids  of  magnificent folly
       and brilliant failures.
         Now I do  not profess to  know much about  the  formation
       and action of acids, polarization, galvanic action,  incompat-
       ibility  of gold,   and a thousand  and  one other things, said
       to take  place through  their agency between metals and cal-
       cium.  I am positive, however, that failures  in dental opera-
       tions are attributable in a large majority of instances  to another
       cause than those just referred to, viz : the very imperfect man-
       ner in which such operations are performed.
         How strange it is that  none of us ever have   failures, and still
       more  strange we  never tell of these failures.  But when these
       failures present themselves, which they do sometimes, we  are 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.         131
very apt to say the cause is chemical  action, or  something  to
that effect.
  Ever since our illustratious kinsman, Adam, ate the first fruit
in the garden of Eden and laid  the  blame  on our grand and
beautiful old mother Eve, man has been  turning the world up-
side down to find something or somebody, besides  himself, to lay
his faults and sins upon, or to find some way to get out of the
responsibility of his own failures and faults.
  I tell  you, gentlemen,  we may censure the material, this  or
that, and lay it to the tooth substance or something  else, but when
the truth, the whole truth, and  nothing but the truth is told
it is us, it is I.   It is the manner and the way the filling is made,
that makes  all gold fillings fail  that do fail, it is not the gold
or tooth substance that is at fault, not by any means.   If gold
will prevent decay on the  grinding  surface, it  certainly will
accomplish  the same object on the cervical wall.
  Any one with half an eye can  see just where the  fault is.   It
certainly is not between gold and dentine, but between dentine
and untutored and unskilled brain and hands to  carry out the
simple law of adaptability.   Now what is adaptability as applied
to our specialty?  I will cite  a  case or two.  If  any one still
doubts the perfect  adaptability of soft gold foil, let  him make a
few light scratches on a smooth ivory surface and press a pellet
of soft foil upon them, he will be surprised  to see the accuracy
with which every mark is reproduced.
  It is a well  established fact that tartar will arrest decay, it
certainly is  not owing to any peculiar preservative power that it
possesses, not at all.  But here is the secret,  it is deposited while
soft, thereby receiving and partaking, in the strictest sense of the
word, the impression of the surface beneath it.  It  adapts itself
to the teeth in health and teeth in decay.  It cares  nothing for
the acid or burns, excavators, files and such  like, in preserving
teeth, but in lieu thereof and without any preparation of cavities,
deposits its  life preserving properties  without stint or grudg-
ingly over decayed teeth, filling cavities, and strange to say, but
nevertheless true,  arresting and holding in  check the decay
within.   Will wax preserve  a  tooth?  it certainly will.  Will 
jo2          MINUTES  AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE

gutta percha preserve a tooth?  it certainly will.   This is truly
very strange.  Is not this remarkable?  What  then is the solu-
tion to all this seeming great mystery?  My reply is, that by
perfect adaptability every agent that will cause  a tooth to  decay
has been excluded.
  In the year 1850, while in Santa Fe, N.  M.,  I  saw natural
teeth attached to  plates made of thread,  on which deposits
of tartar  had taken  place  to  such  an extent,  that  instead
of a plate  of  thread  to  be  seen,  there  was  a  solid  plate
of  phosphate of  lime.   A rock  fitting  the gum,  forming
springs around  the  teeth  to  which  it  was  fastened,  filling
cavities of decayed teeth, and  in every case  arresting decay,
making a decidedly better fit of plate, than art at that early day
could accomplish.   I asked who did this.   The reply was, EL
Senor Francisco la Dentisto.   Once more, I have often admired
that beautiful gold tint which  we sometimes  see  through the
enamel, and we don't see it often when it should be seen, it  is
by no means any easy matter to get  this color.  But let us see,
when operations have been so  performed as to entirely prevent
fluids from entering between gold and  the tissue against which
it is placed, and all discoloration has  been removed, and your
gold perfectly condensed against the  wall of  your tooth, then
the gold  tint may be  seen.  Now some of us,  I fear, fail to get
such results with cohesive gold and mallet. To all meeting with
such trouble, in all kindness, permit me to say,  try soft gold foil
No.  4, and a good heavy strong burnisher, my word for it you
will find just what you  were hunting  for—that tint of gold and
perfect adaptability.   But why should I  thus  go on with these
illustrations of adaptability.   I must believe that we are all fami-
liar with  these facts.   Taking the above as facts, for argument
sake if nothing more, why should we not be eclectic in  the use
of gold.   I hold that the manner of using it and the preparation
of gold ought and should be adapted  to the case that is under
your treatment, so  that you can make the filling absolutely tight
at every point, then you will succeed in every case.  A filling
coming up to this standard, in my humble, judgment never fails.
In preparing cavities for fillings on proximal surfaces no mere 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.         133
routine is to be followed.  A wide range exists here for the exer-
cise of common sense and discretion, for it is in the management
of this class of cavities, possibly to  a greater extent  than any
other that a knowledge of principles may  be made available.
   Enough cutting must be done  to give the cavity a positive
retaining shape, and no margin  of doubtful strength  should
be left standing to   jeopardize the success of the  operation
by subsequent crumbling.  Your cavity must be so  prepared
that no  disintegrated tissue remains, except a little  over  the
pulp,  when nearly  exposed,  which should  be left  for  its
protection.  Touch  this  entire surface with a little carbolic
acid,  it  serves as a disinfectant,  it  also coagulates the proto-
plasm of the  ends of the fibrils in  the dentinal canaliculi, and
will also obtund sensation, in all cases where the pulp is nearly
exposed, use  oxy-phosphate of zinc as a non conductor, which
will prevent that unpleasant feeling of heat and cold.  The
margin of enamel should be slightly beveled when gold is to be
placed over it, and  it  should always  be made smooth  with
files,   emery  cloth or  any  other means   at your  command.
A  groove,  where it is  possible,  should  be cut along each
wall of the cavity, and  must  be  made  in  the  dentine within
and near the  line of both the buccal and palatal  or  lingual
portion  of enamel,  the cervical  wall inclined  a little, a  very
little,  inward.  The  cervical walls  of these cavities, especially
those that approach the neck of the tooth, must be examined
with  great care.  They often approach very close  to the mar-
gin of the enamel, where it  meets the  cementum,  and is very
apt to  splinter off  while inserting the filling  or  after  it is
finished.  I prepare  this wall mostly  with excavators,  cut-
ting inward.   I think  it is  a good practice  when there is
but a  small remnant of enamel left at  this point, to cut it  all
away, cut until you are well under the free  edge of the gum.
   Much has  been said in this paper about adaptability;  now
for the application.
   The first few pieces of gold that  are  laid  against  this  wall
{cervical) in  making a filling usually seal the fate of the tooth
for better or for  worse ; for  better,  if gently yet  firmly and 
J34
MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS  OF THE
thoroughly adapted;  for worse, if the pieces be clumsily tum-
bled in, or too heroically forced to position.
  The cervical wall, to preserve it, requires  the most  perfect
adaptation  of the filling.   In many instances it is  remote, in
darkness  and  exceedingly  difficult to  reach with  absolute
certainty.  The attempt to cover it with cohesive gold, point by
point,  has  been  found by ample experience  to give numerous
failures—failures  without number—while no gold fillings stand
so well just here  as those of soft foil, because it can be gradual-
ly carried across the whole breadth of the cavity until the mass
perfectly fits the  wall.
  The class of cavities which  pre-eminently bring forth  the
nobler  qualities  of  soft gold are  such as  we  find  on  the
posterior proximal  surfaces  of  bicuspids and molars  reach-
ing far up under the gum—cavities the most uncertain, exhaust-
ing both to operator  and patient,  and of necessity very expen-
sive.
  I will now attempt to give you in brief my  manner of pre-
paring  and filling this class of  cavities.   My  cavity being
prepared, tooth guarded against moisture, my soft  gold cylin-
ders in readiness,  I  pick up with  my pliers  one of  these
cylinders, place  it  in position, one  end  resting firmly against
inner back wall, the side on bottom of cavity and the other  end
protruding  and in contact with the wall of the adjoining tooth.
My object  in letting my gold extend to the adjoining tooth is to
allow for surface condensing.
  Pressure in the direction of the wall against which the cylin-
der rests is then made with the closed points of the pliers,  and
afterwards with  a  condensing instrument  having  a  smooth,
wedge-shaped point.   When this cylinder is  secure, others are
introduced in like manner until this wall is covered  with  gold.
This  being done,  if  the gold  has  not gone  beyond the en-
amel,  add another layer, and so on.   I will  now condense
this gold by pressure.  First, condense cylinder next to buccal
wall; treat cylinder next to palatal or  lingual  wall  same  way
(I will state that I  do not fully at this time condense these  two
cylinders).  This gives the  gold somewhat the  shape of an 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.
135
arch ;  now  go over this gold with  gentle, very gentle,  pres-
sure, beginning at the buccal or palatal wall, no matter which ;
say, by way of illusration, begin at palatal wall; press the gold
gently until the centre of the arch is reached, barely touching the
keystone or central cylinder ;  stop right there.   Now go to the
buccal and treat same way.   Continue  to  go over the  gold in
this  way, increasing the pressure each  time.  After  making
this gold as dense as I  can with hand pressure, I finish with my
mallet, not using any heavy blows, but light and prolonged tap-
ping, the better  to unite the  particles  of  gold  and- also  cause
it  the  more readily to  adapt itself  to  the  interstices in  the
walls of the tooth.  When used thin and  soft and  introduced
with gentle force into  the cavity, gold needs  a good  deal of
patient coaxing.  I now  commence with my cohesive foil  and
mallet, putting in enough to secure these cylinders from injury
while finishing this wall and gold ; and let me modestly impress
upon your minds that this  is the time to finish this wall  and
gold in a proper  manner.  Here are the ends of all these  cylin-
ders protruding  beyond my cavity;  what shall be  done with
them?  I take my heavy burnisher, put on about a thousand
pounds pressure, more or less ; condense it as much with  this
instrument as is  possible, then file a little, then burnish, file  and
burnish again, continuing this until  the gold is flush with the
margin, finishing with  the burnisher.   How to polish the tooth
substance at this point has troubled me not a little, because I
have always contended that the polish  should  be as near  the
polish  of the enamel as  possible—equal with it if possible.
Seeing the perfect polish that chemical and mechanical abrasion
leaves  on the dentine, the thought was  suggested that  I might
by experimenting produce something like it.  I had experimented
with various things, and had almost given up hope  of ever
accomplishing my object, but am  happy to say that my last ex-
periment was attended with  better results.  It  consisted of  a
small piece of window  glass and water,  and by friction I gained
this  result.   I am  firmly of the opinion that if I had discs and
slips of polished glass, I could put  quite as fine a polish on
dentine as we find on the enamel. 
I36          MINUTES  AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE
  I say finish the gold and proximal wall  perfectly, let it  be
free from the slightest indentations which may afford lodgment
for extraneous matter.  Exhaust  all your skill and patience ;
make  the  tooth  substance and gold  as  brilliant as a mirror,
make it scintillate, make it cast a halo of beauty about, make it
as beautiful as apples of gold in  baskets of silver.   This being
accomplished, you need not fear the result.
  To all—especially to my young fellow-practitioners—I would
say:
      u To show our simple skill,
         That is the beginning of our end;
       Follow the first design with earnest will,
         For Nature's form doth strength with beauty blend."'
          DENTAL  LEGISLATION.
             BY J. W. REED, D. D. S., MEXICO, MO.
Read  before  the  Missouri State Dental  Association at  Sweet
                 Springs, Mo,  June 8, 1882.


  In 1840 the legislators  of Alabama, in their high wisdom, saw
fit to enact the first laws regulating the practice of medicine and
dentistry in  the United  States, thereby guarding  her people
against  the inroads  of ignorant quacks  and impostors,  since
which time fourteen other States of  this Union  have  thrown
around their  citizens like  protection by a wise system of dental
legislation ; and since it will not be denied, that the action thus
taken by the  several States, has proven to be a great blessing to
the  people, it affords a reasonable ground for hope that the peo-
ple  of the great State of  Missouri  may ere long  receive a like
protection.
  Perhapse there never was a time in  the history of  any State,
when so great a necessity for dental legislation existed, as there
is to-day in Missouri.  She has not only her full quota of her
own quacks, but is becoming an asylum for those of other States 
            MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.         137

who, by reason of dental legislation, must, of  a necessity, seek
new fields and new victims to prey upon.
  Here the field is wide and free.  No restrictions ; no standard
of qualification  whatever required ; no guards thrown  around
honest unsuspecting people. When the ignorant quack is  told
in Illinois, Iowa, or any of  those States that have passed laws
regulating  the practice of denistry, that  some qualification is
necessary before he can practice, what does he do?  Comes to
Missouri and goes like a tramp from house to house, spreading
pain and  destruction along his pathway, and bringing disgrace
upon  an honorable profession.   Many good, honest, unsuspect-
ing people know but little about dentistry—think  there  is  but
little in it, anyway; that one is about as good as another;  are
ready to let any one operate for them who sees fit to call him-
self a dentist, especially when a little inducement, by way of
cheap dentistry  is offered.   In this way  many not only  lose
what they pay out but their teeth as well.   It is to put a stop to
this system of quackery that legislation  is so  much  needed.
And  if we expect to  ever  command, as  a profession, that de-
gree  of respect and recognition by other learned  professions
that we all so much desire, there must be a line drawn—a weed-
ing out—a standard of qualification of no mean degree  made;
and this can only be done in our legislative halls.   And I think
the time has come when every member of this body should feel
himself called upon to work to that end that will most speedily
elevate our standing as a profession.
   The reputation of  a profession depends much upon the kind
of material of which it is  composed ; therefore, all who  take
students  into their offices  should see to it, that proper  and
worthy material be selected and  a binding  pledge given  that
before assuming the  responsibility  of practice they complete
the course in some dental college of high standing.
   Dental colleges, with ample facilities for thorough training,
have  sprung up  in  almost every  large  city throughout the
United States, and there should be no longer any lawful excuse
for a young man entering the  profession  unqualified, but this
will be done until we have legislation.  Far better that practice 
J38          MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE

be delayed a little longer than to enter the profession a bungler,
and infinitely better for those who fall into their hands.
  The degree of D. D. S. is just as legally conferred as M. D.,
and should receive equal legislation.  These self-styled M. D.'s
by legislation are denied  the  right  to  practice,  and whilst I
would not be in favor of  depriving any worthy man now in the
dental practice, who has never availed himself of the  ad-
vantages of a  collegiate training, the right to continue—I know
there are  worthy men and  good operators in our ranks who
never saw inside of a dental college.  But thus far, and  no
farther, is my doctrine.
  It would be better for  the people, better for the individual
practitioner, better for the profession  at large, that we have a
law that will admit no man in  the future who does  not come
with the proper credentials from some dental college of reputa-
ble standing, and not, as some of the States have it, from some
medical or dental college.
  The average medical graduate is but little belter qualified to
practice dentistry than a graduate from any other institution of
learning would be.  At the rate the dental colleges  are turning
out graduates they will be found more  than equal  to the  de-
mand, without calling upon unqualified  medical material.  If
any  medical man wishes  to  become a dentist let him take a
dental course.  There is more to be learned in  dentistry than
many  physicians  imagine,  and all  the medical  knowledge
a man brings with him is all the better for him and his patients.
A lack of knowledge has been a great drawback  to our profes-
sional progress.
  In conclusion, Mr. President and gentlemen, allow  me to say
we  have much cause for congratulation.  With the wonderful
improvements in our art,  the high recognition already gained,
with a higher education, a  higher standard of moral and intel-
lectual worth, a  little judicious legislation, then,  with clean
hands and pure hearts, let us work with an untiring diligence
to uphold and sustain the honor and  dignity of the  profession,
and  a professional standard of which no  man need be ashamed
will  soon be ours. 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.         I39
             PROGRESS OF  DENTISTRY.
                BY A. H. FULLER, M.D., D.D. S.
  While taking the foregoing for my subject, it is not my inten-
tion to enter into the history of the science of dentistry, further
than to show that we are, as a profession, advancing  in the
right direction, and at a very satisfactory  pace.
  I will confine myself to  a period of time covered by my own
personal experience  in the profession, and embracing the  last
twelve years.
  The standing of any calling or profession is determined more
by the intelligence of its members than by all else combined, and
any steps toward the advancement of the  dental profession in-
tellectually, will necessarily be progressive.
  Within the last feV years any one desiring to study dentistry
was allowed to matriculate and enter upon a course of lectures
regardless of educational  acquirements.   Now all reputable
dental schools require a satisfactory preliminary  examination
before they will matriculate a student.
  Students were received into  offices  and turned out as  prac-
titioners, the only conditions to be satisfied being wholly pecun-
iary.   The  By-Laws of this  Association, Art. Ill,  Sec. i, in-
dicate the advance in this direction.  It reads as follows :   "No
member of this Association shall receive a student except upon
his  agreeing  to spend two  years as a student of dentistry before
commencing practice for himself."  Now I will state it  as my
belief that if students were compelled by law to  pass a satis-
factory preliminary examination in the English branches and to
receive two years' instruction  in an office before being allowed
to practice  dentistry in  this State, it would have  a better ef-
fect than most of the legislation at present  in force in neighbor-
ing  States.  I further believe that" the members of this Associ-
ation  can advance the profession more  by accepting only those
for  students  who have acquired a good education, and show
upon their face that  they  will be more likely to honor than dis-
grace the calling, than by  any effort at legislation. 
140
MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF  THE
   The Dental Colleges have added to the respectability and ad-
 vanced the general standing of  the profession, more than any
 other cause, and the gradual advance in the curriculum of the
 schools will continue to add to the good effect they  now exert.
   There  are  at  present in the  United  States, twenty  Dental
 Colleges  or  Dental Departments  to  Medical,  Colleges  and
 Universities,  namely:
 Baltimore College of Dental Surgery,     Ohio College of Dental Surgery,
 Boston Dental College,               Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery,
 Dental Dept. of the University of Tenn.,  Philadelphia Dental College,
 Dental Dept.of Vanderbilt  University,    New York College of Dentistry,
 Harvard University Dental Dept.,        University of Michigan Dental Dept,
 Indiana Dental College,              University of Pennsylvania Dental Dept.
 Kansas City Dental College,           Western College of Dental Surgeons.
 Missouri Dental College.
   There have been organized during the year:
 Universty of Iowa Dental Department,   Dental Dept. Rush Medical College,
 University of California Dental Dept.    Dental Dept. Chicago Medical College,
 University of Maryland Dental Dept.
   The following  schools  have been at different times abandon-
ed  or  incorporated with  others that have  been  mentioned,
 namely:
 New York College, Syracuse,           New Orleans Dental College,
 Maryland Dental College,             St. Louis Dental College.
   There have graduated  from  the schools  above  named  as
follows, receiving the title of D. D. S., or D. M. D.  :
                                      ORGANIZED.  BY CURRICULUM.  HONORARY.
 Baltimore College of Dental Surgery,      1840         830         ic2
 Boston Dental College,                  1867         188           ...
 Dental Dept. University of Tennesse,    1878          60           ]]]
 Dental Dept. Vanderbilt University,      1879          29
 Harvard University Dental Dept.,         1869          99
 Indiana Dental College,                 1879          28            i
 Kansas City Dental College,             1881
 Missouri Dental College,                :r866        '"93            '2
 Ohio  College of Dental Surgery,          1845         390           2o
 Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery,  i8<s         <sQ7            -
 Philadelphia Dental College,             ^63         682
 New York College of Dentistry,          1866         252
 University of Michigan Dentistry Dept.,   1875         147
 University Pennsylvania Dental Dept.,    1878         n.
 Western College Dental Surgery,         1877          16
2
11
New York College,
Maryland Dental College,                ......          er
St.  Louis Dental College,                ...  .          ^7
New Orleans Dental College,             .....          s[ 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.         141
   Making a  total  of  thirty-nine  hundred  and seventy-four
by curriculum, and one  hundred and eighty granted honorary
degrees, most of the latter from the Baltimore College  of Den-
tal Surgery, during the  early  days  of its organization.
   There have graduated from the  different schools this spring
by curriculum, three hundred and  forty-three, which, with the
class from the Harvard school, with nine candidates for the de-
gree, will  probably bring the total up to above  three hundred
and fifty.  A  large  majority  of  these will no doubt  exert
their influence for good in the profession, and while some may
fall from grace,  all cannot help but be better men and practition-
ers from having attended the  schools from which they have re-
ceived their degree.
   The relation of the Dental to the Medical profession has great-
ly changed within the last twelve years.  The schools of dentistry
at that time, with the exception of one, or possibly  two, were
entirely distinct from those of medicine.  Now, of the twenty
colleges in the United  States, thirteen are directly  connected
with medical  schools,  and many of the  balance  so connected
that tickets are allowed to apply toward a medical  course for
the  chairs of  Physiology, Materia Medica,  Chemistry,  Surgery
and Anatomy.
   From my own observations I will  state that dental students,
as a class, are fully  as good students  as those of medicine in the
branches  common to both,  and in  personal appearance and
general intelligence, equal if not superior.   The relations be-
tween the  students of medicine and dentistry have always been
the most cordial, and the fact in many cases that they were taking
a dental course instead  of medical,  was  not known to the pro-
fessors occupying the chairs in common,  until their names were
proposed  for graduation.
  As to the recognition of dentists  by doctors of medicine,  I
will state it as my belief, that in proportion to the intelligence
of either will the recognition  be  mutual, and just in the same
manner, a lack of intelligence prove  antagonistic.   There are
fully as large a proportion of  M. D.'s who do not  receive the
cordial recognition of their own profession  as there  are of den- 
I42         MINUTES AND  PROCEEDINGS OF THE
tists, the only complaint that I  have ever felt like making, or
ever have made, or heard made in conversation, has been the
recognition,  by medical men,  of those who  you  gentlemen
would not admit into this society.
  The International Medical Congress,  held  in  London, Eng-
land, last year, did not require the degree of M. D. to entitle
dentists to representation in the dental section.   The American
Medical Association does  not, by any  means,  admit delegates
from all medical  societies.  There are  Homeopathic M. D.'s,
and medical  societies, Eclectic M.  D.'s and medical societies,
and they are  not recognized  or  represented.   How could one
expect a D. D. S. to be admitted, where, as you must all know,
i n many cases, or some at least,  the degree was conferred upon
the recommendation of professors in Homeopathic, or other
schools, not admitted to  representation in the Association.
The progress, made by the profession, in the means and methods
of practice, has been great.  Among the many appliances, re-
markable for their ingenuity  and adapability, are the different
burring engines, the electric pluggers,  clamp  for  holding the
rubber dam,  etc., the improved  forms of gold and  other filling
materials, engine  equipments, laboratory equipments, etc., etc.
In the treatment and filling the roots of teeth, the restoration of
roots to  service by attaching gold crowns,  and by improved
methods of pivoting teeth,  means  of  removing  roots and meth-
ods of filling, etc.,  etc., in fact, in a thousand ways have we
added to our means of preventing human suffering, and adding
to the comfort of the race.
  In summing up our record for the past twelve years, I would
congratulate  each and every one of you, that you  belong to  a
progressive and liberal profession,  and would suggest that, in as
much as we are indebted  to  our profession, that  we  strive in
some manner to repay  our obligations, if not by invention and
investigation, by  conducting ourselves  as intelligent, Christian
gentlemen. 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.        I43
           CONSTITUTION
                      OF THE

Missouri   State   Dental   Association.
           ADOPTED OCTOBER, 1865.
                      ARTICLE I.
  Section i.  This  society shall be called the  Missouri State
Dental Association.
                      ARTICLE II.
  Sec.  1.  The officers of this Association shall consist of a
President, two Vice-Presidents, a Recording Secretary, a Cor-
responding Secretary, a Treasurer, and one Executive Commit-
tee of three members.
  Sec.  2.  The officers shall be elected by call, at each annual
meeting and hold one year, and until their successors are  duly
elected.
  Sec.  3.  The officers  shall discharge  all the  duties  be-
longing to  their  respective  offices.
                     ARTICLE III.
                                                      •
  Sec.  1.  In the formation of this society, every practitioner
of Dental Surgery, present  in person,  shall, by enrolling him-
self, and paying the sum of one dollar to the Recording Secre-
tary, become a member.
  Sec.  2.  After the  permanent organization, every Dentist, de-
siring to become a member,  shall present his name, through
some member, accompanied with the initiation fee of one dollar,
whereupon, a two-thirds vote, and the signing of the Constitu-
tion, he shall be a member in full connection. 
i44
MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS  OF THE
                      ARTICLE IV.

  Sec. i.  Members shall  pay the assessment, and upon the
failure for two years, a forfeiture of membership shall ensue.

                      ARTICLE V.
                                *
  Sec. i.  A member may  be suspended or expelled for im-
moral or unprofessional conduct, malpractice,  or  any other
gross offense, by a two-thirds vote.
3 Sec. 2.  Any member in good  standing,  and square on the
Secretary's  books,  may  withdraw  from the  Association by
notifying the Secretary in writing.

                      ARTICLE VI.

  Sec. i.  The meetings of the Association shall be held at
such time and place as shall be determined,  at a previous meet-
ing, not less frequent than  once a  year.

                      ARTICLE VII.

  Sec. i.  Seven members shall  constitute a  quorum for the
transaction of business  at any meeting.
  Sec. 2.  In the event that a quorum be not present at any
meeting, the President is hereby authorized to call a meeting at
such time and place as he  may deem proper, and give notice
thereof by  a circular.

                      ARTICLE VIII.

  Sec. i.   Students of members  shall be  permitted  to  attend
our meetings free of charge, but not to participate in  the dis-
cussions or business.

                      ARTICLE IX.

  Sec.  i.   This Constitution may be altered or amended by  a
two-thirds  vote at any stated meeting, notice having been given
 at  any previous meeting. 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.        145
BY-LAWS.
                      ARTICLE  I.

  Sec. 1.   The  Constitution of the  Missouri State Dental As-
sociation shall be deemed the fundamental law of the society.

                      ARTICLE  II.

  Sec. 1.   This Association shall be governed by parliamentary
usage.
                      ARTICLE III.

  Sec. 1.   Order of business :
        ist.  Reading minutes.
        2d.  Reports of officers,  embracing the President's
             retiring address.
        3d.  Reports of committees.
        4th. Election of members.
        5th. Election of officers.
        6th. Reading of essays.
        7th. Discussions.
        Sth. Miscellaneous business.

                      ARTICLE IV.

  Sec.  1.  No member shall speak twice on the same subject,
without permission of the society.
  Sec.  2.  These By-Laws may be altered, extended or amend-
ed, at any stated meeting, by a two-thirds vote of all the mem-
bers present. 
146         minutes and proceedings of the
AMENDED CONSTITUTION,
            ADOPTED JUNE, 1873.
                       ARTICLE I.
                          Name.
   Section i.  This organization shall be known as the Mis-
 souri State Dental Association, and  shall consist of active and
 honorary members.
                      ARTICLE II.
                          Objects.
   Sec.  1.  The objects of this  Association shall be: to culti-
 vate the  science and  art of  dentistry,  and all  its collateral
 branches ; to elevate and sustain the  professional  character of
 its members, and to promote among them social intercourse and
 good feeling.
                      ARTICLE III.
                       Membership.
   Sec.  1.  Active members shall be or shall have been engaged
 in the practice of  dentistry ;  shall  be elected  by ballot, and
 shall sign  the Constitution.
   Sec. 2.   No one shall be eligible to membership in this As-
 sociation unless he be a graduate of  a reputable  dental college,
 or has passed a satisfactory examination before the Executive
 Committee.
                      ARTICLE IV.
                  Honorary Membership.

   Sec 1.   Honorary members shall  consist of  those who are
 members of the dental  or medical profession, or of those who
 are engaged in  scientific  pursuits collateral  thereto,  but such
dental practitioners only, as are non-residents of the State, or 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.         I47
 retired active  members of this or  other Dental  Associations,
 shall be eligible to honorary membership in  this Association.
  Sec.  2.  All candidates for honorary membership shall be pro-
 posed and  recommended by some  active member, when they
 may be elected viva voce, by a majority vote  of  the  members
 present.
                    .   ARTICLE V.
                          Officers.
  Sec.  1.   The officers shall consist of a President, two  Vice-
 Presidents, Recording Secretary,  Corresponding  Secretary,
 and Treasurer, whose  duties shall be governed by parliament-
 ary usage.
                       ARTICLE VI.
                   Standing Committees.
  Sec. 1.  There shall be an Executive Committee, consisting
 of three members, who shall be elected annually by  ballot.
  Sec.  2.   The Executive Committee shall constitute an Exam-
 ining committee for the examination of applicants for  member-
 ship ; appoint essayists, issue notice of meetings, secure rooms
 or places of holding meetings, and such other duties as pertain
 to this  office.
                      ARTICLE VII.
                         Election.
  Sec.  1.   The officers of this Association  shall  be elected by
 ballot, to  serve  one year and until their successors  are duly
 elected.
                      ARTICLE VIII.
                         Meetings.
  Sec.  1.   The meetings of this Association shall be held an-
 nually, at  such time and place as shall be determined at the
previous meeting.
                      ARTICLE IX.
  Sec. 1.  If at any annual meeting a quorum  be not present,
the  President shall appoint a meeting for the election of officers,
and cause the Recording Secretary to give the members notice. 
148
minutes and proceedings of the
                      ARTICLE X.
                        Quorum.
  Sec.  1.  Seven active members shall constitute a quorum.
                      ARTICLE XL
                   Conduct of Members.
  Sec.  1.  Any member charged with dishonest or  unprofes-
sional  conduct, after an opportunity of being heard before a
committee for that purpose, if the charge be sustained, may be
reprimanded, suspended, or expelled by  a vote of two-thirds
of the  members present.
                     ARTICLE XII.
                          Ethics.
  Sec. 1.  The  Code of  Ethics  adopted  by the  American
Dental Association, shall be the fundamental law of  this Asso-
ciation.
                     ARTICLE XIII.
                       Amendments.
  Sec. 1.  This Constitution may be amended or altered by a vote
of three-fourths of the  members present at any annual meeting.
  Amendment to Section 2  Article VI., as follows :   Strike out
in first line of said  section  all  after  the word "shall"  to  the
word" appoint,"  in third line, so that said section shall read  as
follows :
  Sec.  2.  The Executive  Committee shall  appoint essayists,
issue notices of meetings, secure room or place of holding meet-
ings, and such other duties  as pertain to this office.
  Sec. 3.  There shall be  elected  annually a  Committee  of
Censors, whose duty it is to examine all applicants for member-
ship, and report the result of said examination to the Association.
  Sec. 3,  Article IV.   There shall be elected annually  a
Committee on Ethics, whose duty it is to  examine into all cases
of the violation of the Code  and other charges preferred against
members.
  Sec. 4,  Article IV.   There shall be elected  annually a
Publishing Committee, whose  duty  it shall  be to publish the
transactions and papers of the Association. 
MISSOURI STATE  DENTAL  ASSOCIATION.       94I
BY-LAWS.
                       ARTICLE I.
                         Members.
  Section i.   Applications for membership in this Association
shall be made through an active member, and such applications
shall be referred to the Executive Committee, who shall make a
report thereon to the Association.

                      ARTICLE II.
                      Initiation Fee.

  Sec.  1.  Each member, on signing the Constitution, shall pay
into the treasury of the Association two dollars as initiation fee,
which shall be the annual  dues for that year.

                      ARTICLE III.
                   Pupilage of Students.
  Sec.  1.  No member of this Association shall receive a stu-
dent except on  his agreeing to spend two years as a student of
dentistry before commencing practice for himself.

                      ARTICLE IV.
                           Dues.
  Sec.  1.  Each member  shall pay as dues two dollars annually.
  Sec.  2.  Any member  two years in arrears for dues may be
suspended or expelled by a two-third vote of the Association.

                       ARTICLE V.
                    Holding Elections.

  Holding elections for the officers of the Association, and for
the trustees of the  Missouri Dental College shall  be  held on
the evening immediately  preceding  the last session  of  each
annual meeting. 
150         MINUTES AND  PROCEEDINGS OF THE
                      ARTICLE VI.
                  Installation of Officers.
  The installation of officers shall be the first order of business
at the closing session  of each annual meeting.
                     ARTICLE VII.
  Sec 1.  The report of the officers  of the Association shall
be made immediately preceding the  close of the last session at
each annual meeting.
                     ARTICLE VIII.
                      Amendments.
  Sec 1.  These By-Laws may be altered or amended, at any
regular meeting, by a  two-thirds vote of the members present.
                    AMENDMENT I.
  Section 2 of Article I. of the By-Laws was  amended so as
to read :   "The vote  on membership shall be taken by ballot.'
                    AMENDMENT  II.
  No member shall speak more than twice on any subject, or
for more  than five minutes at any time without special permis-
sion of the Association.
                   AMENDMENT III.
  Section 2 of Article  I. of the  By-Laws was amended so as to
read ;  "A two-third  affirmative vote shall be  necessary to  en
title an applicant to membership." 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.
151
AMENDED   CONSTITUTION.
           ADOJPTED JUNE 8, 1882.
                        ARTICLE  I.
                            JVame.
   Section i.  This organization shall be known  as the Mis-
 souri State Dental Association, and shall consist of active, cor-
 responding and honorary members.
                        ARTICLE II.
                           Objects.
   Section i.  The  objects of this Association shall be to cul-
 tivate the science and art  of Dentistry, and  all  its collateral
 branches ; to elevate and sustain the professional character  of
 its members, and to  promote among  them social  intercourse
 and good feeling.
                       ARTICLE III.
                        Membership.
   Section  i.  Active members shall be or shall have been en-
 gaged in the practice of Dentistry;  shall be elected by ballot,
 (and in no case shall a general ballot be dispensed  with) and
 shall sign the Constitution.
   Sec 2.   Any graduate of a  reputable Dental College shall
 be eligible to membership in this Association.  All other  appli-
 cants shall pass a satisfactory examination  before the  Exam-
 ining Committee.
                      ARTICLE IV.
          Corresponding and Honorary Members.
   Section i.  Corresponding or honorary members shall con-
 sist of those  who are members of  the dental or medical  profes-
sions or of those who are engaged in  scientific pursuits  collat-
eral   thereto,  but  such  dental  practitioners  only  as  are 
152         MINUTES AND  PROCEEDINGS OF  THE

non-residents of the  State or retired active members of this or
other dental associations, shall  be eligible to corresponding or
honorary membership in this Association.
  Sec 2.  All candidates for corresponding  or honorary mem-
bership shall  be proposed and recommended by  some  active
member, when they may be elected viva  voce  by a majority
vote of the members present.
                      ARTICLE V.
                         Officers.
  Section i.   The officers shall consist of a President, two
Vice-Presidents, Recording Secretary,  Corresponding Secre-
tary, and Treasurer, whose  duties shall be governed by parlia-
mentary usage.
                      ARTICLE VI.
                       Committtees.
  Section i.   There shall be an Executive Committee, a Com-
mittee on Ethics, an Examining Committee and a Committee on
Publication, each composed  of three  members who shall be
elected annually by ballot.
  Sec  2.  The Executive Committee shall appoint essayists, is-
sue notices of meetings, secure room or place of holding meet-
ings, and  such  other duties as pertain to this  office.
  Sec  3.  The Committee on Ethics shall  examine into and
report upon all charges and complaints against members for vio-
lating the Constitution  and By-Laws of this Association.   The
Examining Committee shall examine  and report  upon all ap-
plicants for membership in this,Association.
  Sec  4.  The Committee on Publication shall examine all
papers, and proceedings and  publish such portion thereof, as
they may deem for the best interest of the Association.

                      ARTICLE VII.
                        Elections.
  Section i.   The officers of this Association shall be elected
by ballot, to serve  one year and  until  their successors are duly
elected. 
MISSOURI STATE  DENTAL  ASSOCIATION.        153
                     ARTICLE VIII.
                         Meetings.
  Section  i.  The meetings of the  Association shall beheld
annually, at such time and place as shall be  determined at the
previous meeting.
  Sec 2.  If at any annual meeting a quorum be not present,
the President shall appoint a meeting for the election of officers,
and  cause  the  Recording Secretary to  give the  members
notice.

                      ARTICLE IX.
                         Quorum.
  Section i.  Seven active members shall  constitute a quorum.

                      ARTICLE X.
                   Conduct of Members.
  Section i.  Any member charged with dishonest or unpro-
fessional conduct, after an opportunity of being heard before a
committee  appointed for this purpose, if the charges be  sus-
tained, may be reprimanded, suspended or expelled by a vote of
two-thirds of the members present.

                      ARTICLE XI.
                          Ethics.
  Section i.  The code of ethics adopted by the  American
Dental Association shall be the fundamental law of this Associ-
ation.
                      ARTICLE XII.
                       Amendments.
  Section i.  This Constitution maybe altered or amended,
by a vote of  three-fourths of the  members present at any an-
nual meeting, provided that notice of such alterations or amend-
ments  shall  have  been  submitted in  writing at a  previous
meeting. 
154         MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE

                    BY-LAWS.
                       ARTICLE I.
                        Members.
  Section i.   Application for membership in this Association
shall  be made through an active member, and such application
shall be referred to the Examining Committee, who shall make
a report thereon to the Association.
  Sec.  2.  The vote for membership shall be taken by ballot,
a two-thirds affirmative vote being necessary to entitle the appli-
cant to membership.

                      ARTICLE II.
                      Initiation Fee.
  Section i.   Each member on signing the Constitution, shall
pay into the Treasury of this Association two dollars as initiation
fee, which shall be the annual dues for that year.

                      ARTICLE III.
                  Pupilage of Students.
  Section i.   No member of this Association shall receive  a
student  except upon his agreeing to spend two years as a stu-
dent of dentistry before commencing practice for himself.
                      ARTICLE  IV.
                          Dues.
  Section i.   Each member shall pay, as dues, two  dollars
annually.
  Sec  2.  Any member two years in arrears for  dues maybe
suspended or expelled by a two-thirds vote of the  Association.
                      ARTICLE V.
                    Holding Elections.
  Section i.  The election of officers of the  Association, shall
beheld  during the session immediately preceding the  last ses-
sion of  each annual  meeting. 
MISSOURI STATE  DENTAL ASSOCIATION.        155
                      ARTICLE VI.
                   Installation of Officers
  Section i.  The installation of officers shall be the first or-
der of business at the closing session of each Annual Meeting.
                      ARTICLE VII.
                    Reports of Officers.
  Section i . The reports of officers of the Association shall be
made immediately preceding the close of the last session at each
annual meeting.
                     ARTICLE  VIII.
                       Amendments.
  Section i.  These By-Laws may be altered or amended, at
any regular  meeting, by  a  two-thirds  vote  of the  members
present. 
1^6         MINUTES AND  PROCEEDINGS  OF THE
CODE  OF  DENTAL  ETHICS.
                      ARTICLE  I.
       The Duties of the Profession to their Patrons.
  Section i.  The dentist should be ever ready to  respond to
the wants of his patrons, and should fully recognize the obli-
gations involved in the discharge of his  duties toward them.
As they are,  in most cases, unable to correctly  estimate  the
character of his operations, his own sense of right must guaran-
tee faithfulness in  their performance.  His manner should be
firm, vet kind and  sympathizing, so as to  gain the respect  and
confidence of  his  patients ;  and even the simplest  case com-
mitted to his care should receive that attention which is due to
any operation performed on sensitive tissue.
  Sec 2.  It is not to be expected that the patient will posses
a very extended or a very accurate  knowledge of professional
matters ; the  dentist should make allowance for this, patiently
explaining many things which may seem quite clear to  himself,
thus endeavoring to educate the public mind so that  it will pro-
perly appreciate the  beneficient efforts of our profession  He
should encourage no false hopes, by promising success  where,.
in the nature of the case, there  is uncertainty.
   Sec. 3.   The dentist should be temperate in all  things, keep-
ing both mind and body in  the best possible health, that his
patients may have  the benefit of that clearness of judgment and
skill which is their right.
                       ARTICLE II.
            Maintaining Professional  Character.
   Section i.  A  member of the dental profession is bound  to*
 maintain its honor, and to labor earnestly to extend its sphere
 of usefulness.   He  should  avoid everything in language and
 conduct calculated to discredit  or dishonor his profession, and 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.         157
should  ever manifest a due  respect  for his brethren.  The
young should show special respect to  their seniors ; the aged,
special encouragement to their juniors.
  Sec 2.   The person and office arrangement of the dentist
should indicate that he is a gentleman, and he should sustain a
high-toned moral character.
  Sec 3.   It is unprofessional to resort  to  public advertise-
ments,  cards,  hand-bills, posters or signs, calling attention to
peculiar styles of work, lowness  of  prices, special modes of
operating, or to claim superiority over neighboring practitioners,
to publish reports of cases or certificates in the public prints, to
go  from house to  house  to  solicit or perform operations, to
circulate or recommend nostrums,  or  to perform any  other
similar  acts.
  Sec 4.  When  consulted  by  the  patient  of another  prac-
titioner, the dentist  should guard  against inquiries  or hints dis-
paraging to the family dentist,  or calculated to weaken  the
patient's confidence in him ; and, if the interest of the patient
will not  be  endangered thereby, the case should be temporarily
treated,  and referred back to the  family dentist.
   Sec 5.  When general  rules  shall have  been  adopted by
members of the profession practicing  in the same  localities, in
relation  to fees, it is unprofessional and dishonoroble to depart
from these  rules, except when variation  of circumstances  re-
quires it.  And it is even to be regarded as unprofessional to
warrant operations or work as an inducement to patronage.
                        ARTICLE III.
       The  Relative Duties of Dentists and Physicians.
   Section  i.  Dental surgery is a specialty in medical science.
Physicians  and dentists should both  bear this in mind.   The
dentist is professionally limited to diseases of the dental organs
and the  mouth.  With these he should be more familiar than
the general practitioner is expected to be, and while he recog-
nizes the superiority of the physician  in  regard to diseases of
the  general system,  the latter is  under equal obligations to
respect  his  higher  attainments in  his  specialty.   Where  this 
 158          MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS  OF THE

principle governs, there can be no conflict or diversity of pro-
fessional interests.
                      ARTICLE IV.
   The Mutual Duties of the Profession and the Public.
  Section i.  Dentists are frequent witnesses, and, at the same
time, the best judges, of  the imposition perpetrated by quacks,
and it is their duty to enlighten and warn  the public  in regard
to them.   For  this and  the  many other benefits conferred  by
competent  and honorable  dentists the profession is entitled
to the confidence  and respect of  the public, who should always
discriminate in favor of the true man of  science and integrity,
and against the empiric and impostor.   The public has no right
to tax the time and talents of  the  profession in  examinations,
prescriptions, or in any way, without proper remuneration. 
MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION.       159
ACTIVE MEMBERS.
James A. Price,	Weston,	Mo.	T. H. Lane,	Carrollton, Mo
S. B. Prevost,	Kansas City,	(f	W. I. Barnett,	Brownsville, "
Edgar Park,	St, Louis,	f <	T. W. Reed,	Macon City, "
G. A. Bowman,	St. Louis,	"	C. H. Darby,	St. Joseph, "
Jno. C. McCoy,	Boonville,	"	J. C. Goodrich,	Wentzville, "
N. C. Stark,	St. Louis,	t<	0. A. Jones,	Aullville, "
G.W. Tindall,	Kansas City,	t<	S. B. Harris,	Waverly, "
F. M. HlCKERSON,	Arrow Rock,	u	H. J. McKellops,	St. Louis, "
W. E. Tucker,	Butler,	(1	H. H. Cress,	Warrensburg, "
Franklin Swop,	Boonville,	c<	John G. Harper,	St. Louis, "
J. P. Gray,	Clinton,	it	W. T. Stark,	Kansas City, "
L. 0. Ellis,	Sedalia,	a	C. L. Hungerford,	Kansas City, "
H. E. Depp,	t<	"	G. A. McMillen,	Edwardsville, 111.
Geo. L. Shepard,	a	"	W. N. Morrison,	St. Louis, Mo
L. C. Wasson,	Ottawa,	Kan.	J. F. Hassell,	Lexington.
John K. Stark,	Kansas City,	Mo.	A. NOLAND,	Monroe City, "
Sam. A. Milton,	Clinton,	"	C. Mathiason,	St. Louis, "
A. McCuen,	Columbia,	"	J. W. Meng,	Lexington, "
W. K. Christian,	Moberly,	c<	E. N. La Veine,	Kansas City, "
C. B. Hewitt,	Kansas City,	((	Jas. S. McKee,	Brownsville, "
J. B. D. Worley,	Clinton,	l<	Chas. F. Wright,	Springfield, "
W. H. Buckley,	Kearney,	"	W. N. Conrad,	St. Louis, "
D. J. McMillen,	Brunswick,	ft	W. H. Eames,	St. Louis, "
A. J. Prosser,	St. Louis,	it	J. W. Reed,	Mexico, "
A. R. Reed,	Pleasant Hill,	a	J. G. Hollingsworth	, Kansas City, "
J. D. Patterson,	Lawrence,	Kan.	R. R. Vaughan,	Glasgow, "
J. M. Austin,	St. Joseph,	Mo.	Thomas'Flint,	Mexico,
A. H. Fuller,	St. Louis,	"	J. D. Leland,	Fayette, "
W. W. Birkhead,	Louisiana,	"	E. Hovey,	Springfield, "
Joseph S. Letord,	Nevada,	"	B. Q. Stephens,	Hannibal, "
John W. Plummer,	Fulton,	tc	Edward B. Crane,	California, "
Jas. F. McWilliams, Mexico,		"	E. E. Shattuck,	Kansas City, "
E. W. Stevens,	Cameron,	"	Geo. P. Holmes,	St. Louis, "
J. W. Burton,	Gallatin,	u	B. F. Dunn,	Miami, "
M. C. McNamara,	"St. Louis,	"	W. M. Carter,	Sedalia, "
C. W. Spalding,	St. Louis,		S. S. Rowe,	Moberly, "
HONORARY MEMBERS.
I.	D.	Pearce,	Kir	ksville,	Mo.	F.	A.	Brewer,	San Francisco,	Cal.
Homer Tudd,			St.	Louis,	Mo.	C.	B.	Rowland,	Alton,	Ills.
J.	B.	Morrison,	New	York, Ipville.	N.Y. Ills.	H. To	R, HN	, Rutledge, R. James,	Hillsboro, Brownsville,	Ills. Mo.
 
Missouri   Dental  College,
           SAINT LOUIS,  MO.
   The Eighteenth Annual Session of this College will com-
mence on Monday, Sept. 24th, 1883, and continue until March
1st, 1884.
   The regular course of instruction begins promptly at  the
opening of the session and students will find it greatly to their
advantage to be in attendance at that time.

                  PEES.
Matriculation (Paid but once),  -   -   -   -    -   $ 5 oo
Tickets for the Full Course,   ------  g0 oo

   No additional charge for Demonstration Tickets
or Diploma.

   Send for announcement giving full information, to
       H. H.  MUDD, M.  D , T3KAN,
  No.  500 North. Jefferson Avenue, St. Louis  Mo. 
1845.
1883.
II  ill  §  Mil Iffll
              CINCINNATI, OHIO.
  This Institution is pre-eminently a School of Dentistry.  The proper-
ty is owned and controlled by an association of dentists numbering nearly
one hundred.  The college building was erected and is used exclusively
for the purposes of dental education.  The Faculty is composed of den-
tists in actual practice, whose purpose it is  to give a thorough course of
instruction in the theory and practice of dentistry.  To this end the Lec-
tures in all the branches taught, including Anatomy,  Surgery,  Physiology,
Pathology, Materia Medica, and Chemistry, are arranged with a view to
thoroughly qualify the student to practice the profession of Dentistry.
  Recognizing the value of clinical instruction  to the  dental student, the
regular Course of Lectures will be supplemented by a thorough course of
training in the Infirmary and Laboratory, under the direction of the  pro-
fessors  and demonstrators.  Clinics for instruction in Practical  Dentistry
will be given  in the College Infirmary each afternoon (except  Sundays)
during the entire session.
  Cincinnati,  through  the  medium of her numerous educational estab-
lishments for the promotion of the arts and sciences, her hospitals,  dis-
pensaries,  libraries, public and private lectures,  etc., affords superior
advantages for a thorough education in  any of the branches of the  heal-
ing art   The large manufacturing interests of  the city, which  give direct
employment to over one  hundred thousand persons, makes the location
of the Ohio College of Dental Surgery  especially favorable  for teaching
practical dentistry. This large population furnishes the  greatest variety
of cases for clinical instruction, and a supply of patients in excess  of the
demand for practice in the College Infirmary.
  The Thirty-eighth Annual Session will begin  the first day of October,
1883, and continue till March following.
  For information regarding fees, terms of  graduation, etc., address,

                 H.  A.  SMITH,  DD.S,  Dean,
          11                       286  Race  Street, Cincinnati. 
KANSAS     CITY     DENTAL    COLLEGE.
         {Dental Department Kansas  City Medical College.')  ■

                          ^^c-crxyirsr:
   Dr. J. K. Stark, Dean of Faculty.
   J. D. Patterson, D.D.S., Prof. Dental Pathology and Oral Surgery.
   W.T.Stark, D.D.S., Prof.  Mechanical Dentistry.
   C. L. Hungerford, D.D.S., Prof. Operative Dentistry.
   J. D. Griffith, M.D., Prof, of Anatomy.
   J. Block, M.D., Prof, of Physiology.
   George Halley, M.D., Prof, of Surgery.
   J D. Thompson, M.D., Prof, of Materia Medica.
   L. W. Lusher, M.D., Lecturer on Chemistry.
   R. Wood Brown, D.D.S., Lecturer on Dental Anatomy and Histology.
   C. B. Hewitt,    ]
   E. N. La Veine,  |
   A. C.  Schell,    J-  Demonstrators.
   H. S. Thompson, I
   J. S. Letord,     J
   T. K. Aitkin, D.D S., Demonstrator of Continuous Gum.
  Clinics and Demonstrations in Operative and Mechanical Work will be given daily.
  Candidates for graduation must have attended two full courses of instruction, the first
of which may have been in any accredited School of Dentistry, or Medicine, and must
pass a satisfactory examination in all the branches taught.
  During the continuance of the course, the student may, if he so desire,  take one full
course of medical instruction in the Kansas City Medical College, without extra charge,
except the Dissection fee, $10, and Hospital fee $3 ; and having completed his dental
course, and having paid  for and attended one more full course of medical instruction,
will be admitted to examination for the degree of Doctor of Medicine.  The curriculum
is so arranged as to favor such a plan ot study.
      Matriculation fee..............................................  $ 5
     Tuition, full course.............................................  60
      Diploma.......................................................  20
  The Session begins on Wednesday, the 3rd of Ortober, 1883, and continues until the
first Tuesday in March,  following.  For further particulars, or for an announcement,
apply to                       LR. J. K. STARK, Dean, Kansas City,  Mo. 
Established in St. Louis 1868,       Removed to Kansas City 1883,
                TH
Missouri  Dental  journal.
A Western Dental ^Journal.
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF WESTERN DENTISTS.
Contains Forty-eight Pages of solid reading
     matter every Month, every page
         of which is  devoted to
               Dentistry.
Price 2.00 per Annum, in Advance.
            PUBLISHED BY

J.  L.  BREWSTER,  Jr.,
       KANSAS CITY, MO.
  SZEJSTTD FOB SAMPLE COPY. 
        "BOSS"  RUBBER!


     Still BOSS, and BOOMS with a BOOM that is simply

                         BOOMING.

       Owing to the great favor gained by the " Boss " Rubber, because of its
     superiority for color, strength, and beauty of finish, unscrupulous parties
     have been forcing upon our patrons an inferior article in similar style of
     of package, and representing it as identical with the " Boss," in conse-
     quence of which we have been compelled to change the style of box and
     label.
   *   In the future the genuine "Boss" will be put up in white boxes con-
     taining half pound each, with a plain white label printed in black letters,
     of which the following is an exact fac simile:


s                  HALF  FOUND                  t
A                                                         A
                       MARK
           MANUFACTURED EXCLUSIVELY FOB


The  Kansas  City  Dental  Depot,

      KANSAS  CITY,  MISSOURI.
"Vu.lcan.ize 55 Minutes at 320°
/
If you have not given it a trial do so at once, but be sure you get the
genuine.
J.  L.  BREWSTER, Jr
KANSAS CITY DENTAL DEPOT. 
REMEMBER

   That we do not confine ourselves to any one line of
goods, but carry the  goods of every first-class MANU-
FACTURER in the United States.

        BEMEMBEB
   That we are not Druggists  or Practicing Dentists.
carrying a small stock for our own convenience and selling
what we  do not  use, but are a DENTAL DEPOT,
carrying the Largest, Freshest, and best selected
stock of Dental G-oods west of the Mississippi.

        REMEMBER
    Also, that our Mail and Express facilities are unsur-
passed, in consequence of which we can get your goods to
you as soon as any other  House, and in many instances
from twelve to forty-eight hours sooner.  Try us and see.

   J.   L.  BREWSTER,  JR..

      Kansas City Dental Depot,

KANSAS CITY,           MISSOURI. 
KANSAS  CITY DENTAL DEPOT,
         J.  C. BREWSTER, Jr.,
    543 delaware street,   -   kansas city, mo.
The Largest 1 Most Complete Stock of Dental Goods in the West,
            OSMPRI3I1TG- iar ^>.a.:k,t
CHAIRS,
     SPITTOONS,
          BRACKETS,
              ENGINES,
                  VULCANIZERS,
                       GAS APPARATUS,
                           LATHES, Etc., Etc.
    IN FACT EVERYTHING USED BY THE DENTAL  PROFESSION,
Our stock of Teeth is  very large,  and the gentleman
    in charge of that  department  has had an ex-
       tensive experience in filling orders by
           Mail, consequently we can
              guarantee satisfaction.
          TRY US AND  SEE. 
      GAS!   GAS!  GAS!

  We are prepared at all times to fill orders for Gas, either
in one hundred or five hundred gallon cylinders.

        Send us your  Orders.


\o vv% \o W TBLe^vWeA.

          J.  L. BREWSTER, JR.,
Kansas Ci-by Eervbal IDepcb.
been produced.  The metals used in its manufacture are all care-
fully refined and combined in such proportions as to render it
FREE from SHRINKAGE or DISCOLORATION.
      J. L. BREWSTER, Jr., KAXSAS CITY, MO. 
  MODELING  COMPOSITION,

                    -----FO R-----

TAKING IMPRESSIONS OF THE MOUTH, OR ANY

   OTHER PURPOSE WHERE A PERFECT IM-

            PRESSION IS REQUIRED.
                     -----:o:-----
                         74 Commonwealth Ave.,
                                   Boston, Ma}7, 1880.
Messrs. Hood & Reynolds :
               Gentlemen—I imported the first lot  of " modeling
compound" that  found its way this side of the Atlantic, and have used
it ever since, preferring it to plaster for almost every kind of an impres-
sion.  The objection to it is that tender mouths are apt to  be scalded by
it.  Yours, while in every other way as good as the old, is  better in this,
that it does not require so great a heat, and can therefore be manipulated
more rapidly, and  with less discomfort to the patient.
             Yours truly,         THOS. H. CHANDLER.
                     -----:0:-----

               No.  O—Extra  Soft.
 This grade is for restoring any of the other grades which have become
hard by frequent use ; they may be mixed in hot water.

                   No.  1—Soft.
 This grade is for use in cold weather and in tender mouths, and softens
at a low heat;  hardens in two minutes.

                No. 2—Medium.
 This grade is mostly used, and requires a higher heat to soften than No.
1, and sets quicker.
                      No.  3.
 For use in hot weather, and requires a higher heat to soften than No. 2,
and hardens quicker.

 No. 2 will always be sent, unless other numbers are specified.
 Put up in half-pound boxes. Per pound, $1.25.
                     -----:o:-----
                 MANUFACTURED BY

       Hood   &  Reynolds,

               IDSZbTT^X-, DEPOT,

74 Tremont Street,   -    BOSTON,  MASS. 
           HOOD  &  REYNOLDS,

DENTAL     DEPOT,
               74 TREMONT ST.,  BOSTON,  MASS,
                         MAXUFACTUKKHS OF

Gold Foil, I Dealers in all kinds of Dental Goods,
GOLD  CYLINDERS.
                STY LE A, Flattened, Nos. J, 1, H, 2.


  ST Y LE A, Loose, and can be used as Pe lets, Nos. £, 1, 1$, 2. 3.


STYLE B, Loose, but more compact than Style A, Nos. £, 1, 2, 3, 4.


STYLE  C,  Compact,  but  not  Hard;  used  as  Cylinders  only,


                         Nos. 2. 3, 4,  5, G.


   ThPse numbers are to denote tint No. % is a half sheet of No. 4 Gnld Foil, cut into strips
and rolltd into cylinders;  .no. l.oue sheet; No. 1>3', one sheet and a half; No 2, two sheet ,
etc.
       Two Patents Sept. 19,1876.  Patent Sept. ■>:->, 1S76. Patent April 17, 1877.

   These cylinders are made from f-oU Foil, otherwise called Accommodation Foil, and
can be made cohesive by annealing. The advantages over she^t lbil is, that they are ready
for use, and therefore save the time consumed in preparing foil; also, loss in scraps.  As
they are made from Soft Foil, and cut by machinery into strips, and theu rolled into cylin-
ders, without any handling with the hands, they are in the most favorable condition for use.
In making these'cylinders our best 10U0 Gold Foil is uoed.


We sell ten times as  many Flattened Cylinders as we do of all the rest,


               The Round Cylinders are mostly used for old style wedge fillings


                        PRICE-LIST.

                            03LD  CYLINIEBS.

Per ounce, $30.           Per i ounce, $15.          Per ^ ounce, $4.


                         0EY3TAUIUE SUEEACE.


Per ounce,  $30.           Per £ ounce, $15.          Per 1 ounce, $4.


                    C:EE-IVE, NON-COHESIVE,  05 Z'.TI FOIL.


Per ounce,  $30.           Per i ounce, $15.          Per i  ounce, $4.

    AS-DENTAL GOODS  AT MANUFACTURERS  PRICFS .^1 
CAULK'S   FILLING    MATERIALS.
CAULK'S  PAR-EXCELLENCE  ALLOY.
                  (GOLD AND PLATINA.)
  With one exception we were the first to manufacture an amalgam containing  Gold
and Platinum, although we did not call it such—sfcnply our trade name  PAR-EXCEL-
LENCE ALLOY; which fully expresses the superiority of this  combination  of metals
over others. It has always contained the requisite quantity of these precious metals in
conjunction with Silver and Tin,  mixed upon scientific principles in their proper chemi-
cal relations to each other to make it just what it has long since proven to be,—the best
alloy for filling teeth in the market.  The large and increasing sales during the past few
years have conclusively demonstrated this fact.
  It is the result of a long series of experiments, has been in constant use for several
years and saves teeth, where others fail. By our new method  of manufacture there is
no guesswork, the molecular change is controlled, making each and every ingot always
and absolutely alike in its properties.
        Price........per ounce, $3.00
         ".....--   per one-half ounce,  1.50
         "     ...-.-     per one-third ounce, 1.00
         ---------   two ounces for 5.00

     CAULK'S  WHITE  ALLOY FOR  INCISOR  TEETH.

  This  alloy is made expressly for front teeth, is of a peculiar grayish-white color,
which will retain its brightness under all circumstances.  Price same as Par-Excellence
Alloy.  Two ounces, one of each, for $5.00.

        CAULK'S  HYDRAULIC  PEBBLES.

  This Cement differs from others, it being in the form of pebbles or granules.   It is
a chemical combination of some of the  constituents of the  Natural Tooth,  and when
properly manipulated has the bony-like characteristics of such material.  It is harder,
tougher, and stronger, resists the fluids  of the mouth to a greater degree, and after one
year's trial is more of an insoluble compound than most cements have proved to be.
  Its hydraulic qualities render it invaluable for setting pivot teeth.  It is so pliable
that it can be moulded or shaped into various forms,  and when  crystalization is  com-
plete, can be carved and polished, same as the sculptor does his marble.
        Price, large package    -------      $3.00
        Price, small  "     -   -    -    -   -    -    -    -     1.50

  CAULK'S DIAMOND  POINT  STOPPING.

  The stopping is put up in sealed envelopes, and the  Pellets and Cylinders in sealed
boxes, each bearing a fac-simile of our signature.
        Price, in 1-8, 1-4, and 1-2 ounce packages,  -  -   per ounce, $4.00.
  We make a specialty of manufacturing these materials for filling teeth.
  They are standard and reliable, used and endorsed by the profession generally.  They
have won upon their merits, and the constantly increasing demand,  attests their  supe-
riority and excellence.
  If your Dealer or Agent does not have these materials, send your order to our ad-
dress and it will receive prompt attention.

L. D. CAULK,  Manufacturer and Proprietor

                      CAMDEN, DELAWARE.
g@~SOLD AT ALL DENTAL DEPOTS. 
Caulk's Filling  Materials,
Ca/U-lls's Diamond  Cement.
This  Compound  now   Stands  without  a  Rival.
From  two to  four  years test  by Leading  Dentists

      throughout the world has proved  it to be

             all that has been claimed  for it.

  It has met with a very large sale during the past four years, and the  demand  for it
increases.  It differs very materially from the Phosphate Cements, being a step in ad-
vance of them.  It is easily manipulated, yet hardens rapidly, and receives a very fine
polish.  For pivoting teeth it has been highly recommended, is non-irritating, non-con-
ducting, in harmony with tooth structure, has no shrinkage or expansion, and excellent
for lining cavities and capping pulps.
  Fillings that have been standing in the mouth over three years,  in comparison with
other plastic material in the market, show not only its superiority, but  it has proved
to be more insoluble than many of the so-called insoluble cements.
  We have increased the quantity fully one-third, and all bottles will be lettered with
" Caulk's Diamond Cement."  This Cement can be made in all shades and colors.
                        PRICE.

(Two colors,) gray and yellow,   -    -  per package, $2.00
(One color,) gray, yellow, medium, light,  "      "      1.00
A  FEW REPORTS AFTER  TWO AND THREE TEARS  USE.
                                   Norristown, Pa., August 8, 1882.
  I have been using your Diamond Cement for Three Years, and  think it superior to
any other in use.                                BENTON MALON EY.

                                        New Orleans, July 3, 1882.
  We have been using your Diamond Cement nearly two years, and are more than
pleased with it.  Having built up shells of teeth, and used it in many cases where we
would  have been unable to accomplish as good work with other white fillings.   It  re-
quires  a little practice in the mixing to get the right proportion, but when properly
mixed we have found it harder and more durable than any other cements used by us.
                                            F. A. KNAPP  & SON.
                                     Batavia, III.,  August 19, 1882.
  I have used your Diamond Cement for about two years almost exclusively, and find
it excellent for capping exposed pulps, as it never causes pain, no matter how sensitive
the tooth may be.  For temporary filling could wish for nothing better.  Have used it
for filling permanently to some extent, and know of some fillings two years old, in good
condition, showing but little wear.                           C. W. COX.

                  3L..  ID.  CA.ULK,
           ivi st:n_\xfstot-ui.:r©x~ bliicX Proprietor,
                    CAMDEN, DELAWARE.
DEPOTS. 
                TEETH.
                      -------*-------

A  FEW FACTS  CONCERNING THE MOST IMPORT-

      ANT BRANCH OF OUR MANUFACTURES.

In Shape, Color,  Texture,  Translucency, Lightness,
   Variety  of  Anatomical Peculiarities, Range  of
     Adaptability,  and  Truthfulness to Nature,
       our Teeth surpass all other makes, and
          when  Weight and Bulk are consid-
            ered, THEYT ARE  THE  STRONGEST
               Made.   The  Stock and \a-
                 riety are the  largest
                      in ihe World.
  Whenever and wherever they have been placed on exhibition in competion with others,
they have uniformly received the highest indorsement, and as a well-merited reward for
the care and constant attention devoted to their manufacture, we have now in our pos-
session


including one from each of the Great World's Fairs, from the first held in London in
1851, to the latest held in Melbourne in 1881, and the Grand Diploma of Honor from
Vienna in 1873.
  This extraordinary aggregation of awards, which in itself is  sufficient to establish the
superiority of any manufacture, together with the constantly increasing demand for our
Teeth, and the recognition of their excellence by the profession throughout the globe,
justifies us in styling them

      THE WORLD'S  PREMIUM  TEETH.

  We are continually adding molds of new forms, making our already very large assort-
ment still more complete, and giving us advantages quite unequaled elsewhere for suit-
ing special and difficult cases.
  We have recently added many very useful patterns of Teeth for Partial Cases,—
centrals in pairs, a central and lateral (right or left) in pairs, two centrals and a lateral
(right or left), and bicuspids in pairs.
  Our assortment of Plain Teeth  for Celluloid work is very fine.
  Our stock of sizes and forms of the old style Pivot Teeth has been largely in-
creased.
  We would call special attention to our large and varied  stock of Tooth Crowns,
now coming into general use,—the  Bonwill-Gates, Weston, Foster and others.  We
are prepared to meet  the increasing demand for these crowns with a great variety of
forms and shades.
  Porcelain Cavity  Stoppers, which we have recently commenced to manufacture,
have been found very useful, and they are having an extensive sale.




The S.  S.  He Dental Manufacturing  Co.,

PHILADELPHIA,      NEW YORK,      HOSTON,      CHICAGO,      BROOKLYN. 
     SAMUEL S. WHITE'S
SPECIALTIES IN GOLD.
GUARANTEED TO BE ABSOLUTELY BURE.
QUARTER  CENTURY GOLD FOIL,
           TWO VARIETIES.
GLOBE GOLD  FOIL,
        FOUR VARIETIES.
G-LOSE  C-OLD FOIL—^cllsd.
PACK'S GOLD CYLINDERS,
          SIX VARIETIES.
PACK'S  CRYSTAL  GOLD PELLETS,
       TWO VARIETIES.
KEARSING'S OLD-STYLE GOLD FOIL RLOGKS,
             TWO VARIETIES.
KEARSING'S PLASTIC-SURFACE GOLD BLOCKS.
        Prices uniform throughout all varieties, viz.:
Per -La-ounce, .   •   •   •   •    •   ■   •    8 4 CO
 << 1° .<      .    .   .   .   .   .   .    15 00
 a '{ u        .   .   .    .   .   .   .  30 OO
In 2-ounce lots,.......per oz ,  29 00

  THE S,  S,  WHITE DENTAL MANUFACTURING CO,
PHILADELPHIA,    NEW YORK,    BOSTON,   CHICAGO,   BROOKLYN. 
      GIDEON  SIBLEY,

DEITTAL  DEPOT,
     S. E. Cor. 13th & Filbert Sts,, PHILADELPHIA, PA.,
               MANUFACTURER OF

SUPERIOR   ARTIFICIAL  TEETH,
                NOTED FOR THEIR
     STRENGTH, ADAPTABILITY and LIFE-LIKE APPEARANCE.
            SIEILTID FOR PRICES.
               ALSO MANUFAC.URhR OF

  Sibley's  Gold and  Platinum Alloy,

        Superior to any other Alloy or Amalgam in the Market,

•'PRiCES: One oz. $3.oo; Two  oz.  $5.5o;  Four oz.  $1000.


      ALL THE LEADING DENTAL  GOODS KEPT IN  STOCK,


             ALSO PUBLISHER OF THE

 DENTAL   PRACTITIONER,
          PRICE,  FIFTY CENTS A  YEAR.


   Address all Orders for Goods and Subscriptions, to

      GIDEON  SIBLEY,

 ■S. E. Cor, Thirteenth  and Filbert Streets,  PHILADELPHIA, PA, 
       GEORGE  E.   HODGE,

                        -MANUFACTURER OF-



DENTAL  SPECIALTIES,


            AMALGAMS  AND RUBBER DAM.


  I include in specialties my HAND-PIECE for the Dental Engine,  and  HONED
BURS.
  I  am supplying from my own factory a full Dental Engine Equipment, Burs in all
the shapes and sizes, such as are in general use.  Our Honed Burs are of a very Supe-
rior Quality;  and already in great demand.
        Price of Ordinary Burs, per dozen........................$2 40
          "    Honed Burs,    "  "  ........................  4 00
          "    Hand-Piece.....................................10 00
  Our Hand-Piece is a universal chuck worked by a thread nut.  It runs  upon stout ta-
per or cone-bearings.   It has required many months of labor and study to arrive at its
present state of perfection.  Now the large and increasing demand for it is  sufficient
proof of its excellence.
  We have aimed to produce a tool,  which,  while it should be  perfectly simple, yet
should have absolute steadiness in the carriage of the bur, drill  or other instru-
ment ; and at the same time should have endurance without any weak points. We
know now that we  have succeeded in our effort.
  Letters are constantly coming in which give the most ample testimony in favor of our
Hand-Piece.  We append four of them.:
                          25 West  27TH  Street,  New York, July 20, 1881.
  Dear Sir:  After having used your Hand-Piece constantly for seveial  months,  it  is
but justice to tell you how much I am pleased with it.  I think the principle upon which
it is made, is without exception the best principle for such an instrument, and I believe
that a Hand-Piece made in this way will run steady and true longer than by any other
method.  I have used various other hand pieces, and I regard them all as  inferior to
yours. The objection which I at first felt of its being too large, has entirely passed
away, and its size does not now disturb me.         NORMAN W. KINGSLEV.
                                                Boston, July 22, 1881.
  I have thoroughly tested your Hand-Piece for the Dental Engine and find it to be ex-
cellently well made, holding the points  securely, with no prospective wear, by which
so many hand-pieces  SOOn become useless.  It is the best Hand-Piece now in the
market.      ISAAC J. WETHERBEE,  D.D. S., President Boston Dental College.

                                        New  York, December 21,  1881.
  Dear Sir:   Allow me to say, after  using your " Universal Chuck"  Hand-Piece for
over twelve months, that it is the best I ever saw, and gives me an opportunity of using
any and all of my old burs.  It is, I believe, well made, and to-day runs as well or bet-
ter than the first day I used it.     Very truly,
               y              A. L.  NORTHRUP, 44 West Forty-sixth St.

                         No.  100 Boylston Street, Boston, Jan. 30, 1882
  Mr  Geo. E. Hodge: Dear Sir—It has been my custom for years to get all the En-
gine Hand-Pieces as they are put upon the market. I have thus had your several forms,
and have  been familiar  with  the changes and improvements.  I am happy now  to
authorize you to use my name  in commendation  of your latest form.  It  runs smoothly
and evenly, holds the bit firmly and is easily managed.  The principle of the  Universal
Chuck is very advantageous and economical, and the placing of the set nut at a distance
from the mouth end of the tool is admirable.  From my knowledge of mechanism, and
an experience of many months, I consider it very durable. It is also very c'eanly
    F                       Yours truly,              L. D.  SHEPARD.

          GEORGE   E.   IIODG-E,
                  161  West  Twenty-ninth Street,

    P. 0.  Bos 29, Station D,     ....     NEW YOEK CITY. 
   RANSOM & RANDOLPH,




           PUBLISHERS OF





OhioStateJomnalofDitalScience.










       ID El IsT T .A. T_.



             AND





 SURGICAL INSTRUMENT DEPOT,




     83 JEFFERSON STREET,




TOLEDO,  -    -    -   OHIO. 
*w*
  Records of the Missouri

Schce Denckl Assocircion,
      From its Orghnizacion,
        1865 to 1582. 
CONTENTS.
 List of Officers and Dates and places of Meetings,
 List of Officers and Standing Committees of 1883,
 Proceedings of First Annual Meeting of State Dental Association,
     "        Second    "          "      "      "
     •«        Third      "          "
     u        Fourth     "          "      "      "
     "        Meeting of the Dental College Association,
     "        Fifth Annual Meeting of Dental College Association,
     "        Sixth       "            "      "        "
             Seventh    "            "      "        "
     "        Eighth Annual Meeting of Missouri State Dental Ass'n,
     c;        Ninth       "           "     "     "    "
             Tenth       "           "     "     "    "
     u        Eleventh     "           "     "     "    "
     "        Twelfth      "           "     "     "    "
     "        Thirteenth  "            "     "     "    "
     "        Fourteenth  "            "     "     "    "
     li        Fifteenth    "            "     "     "    "
             Sixteenth    "            "     "     "    *«
     "        Seventeenth ';            "     "     "    ««
     "        Eighteenth  "            "     "     "    ««
Valedictory, by Dr. H. J. McKellops, President,
Seventeenth Annual Address, by Dr. J. G. Harper, President,
New Departure, by Dr. J. W. Reed, .....
Irregularity of the Teeth, by Dr.  Wm. N. Conrad,
Annual Address,  by Dr. C. H. Darby, President,
Children's Teeth, by Dr. J. G. Harper,   ....
Mercury  and its Effects, by Dr. Wm. N. Conrad,
Tumors of the Oral Cavity, by Tom Conrad, M.D.,
Cervical  Wail, by Dr. J. F. Hassell,  .....
Legislative Enactments, by Dr. J. W. Reed,
Progress  of Dentistry, by Dr. A. H. Fuller,  .
Constitution and  By-Laws, Adopted 1865,
Amended Constitution and By-Laws, Adopted June, 1873,
                                       June, 1882,
Code of Dental Ethics,      ....
List of Active and Honorary Members,  .
Advertisements,
 2-7
  8
  9
  14
  17
  22
  24
  29
  3i
  33
  36
  38
  41
  42
  44
  46
  48
  5*
  54
  57
 62
 72
 76
 82
 85
 97
102
108
112
130
136
r39
r43
146

156
159
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