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CONSERVATIVE  SURGERY,  /&fa
WITH A LIST OF THE
MEDICAL AND  SURGICAL  FORCE  OF  NEW  YORK
IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION,
1861-2.
TO WHICH IS ADDED A BRIEF NOTICE OF THE HOSPITALS AT
    FORTRESS MONROE AND WHITE HOUSE, VIRGINIA.
   By SYLVESTER D. WILLARD, M. D., of Albany,
Secretary of the Medical Society of the State of New York,
  Honorary Member of the Connecticut Medical Society, &c.
        ALBANY:
CHARGES VAN BENTHUYSEN, PRINTER.
           1862. 
Wfc?5.
REPRINT FROM TRANSACTfONS OF MEDICAL SOCIETY OF THE STATE
    OF NEW YORK, 1862.  READ BEFORE  THE ALBANY INSTITUTE,
    APRIL 29, 1862. 
CONSERVATIVE SURGERY:
 LIST OF THE MEDICAL AND SURGICAL FORCE  OF NEW YORK,
     IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861, '62. BRIEF NOTICE
     OF THE HOSPITALS AT FORTRESS MONROE AND WHITE-
     HOUSE, VIRGINIA, ETC.
   As the wealth of a State consists in the  number of its popula-
 tion, so the strength of an army depends not only upon its num-
 bers, but in their ability to put in exercise  the munitions of war-
 fare. And this ability depends not only upon the skill of com-
 manding officers to direct the movement of troops, but in the
 physical strength  of troops to endure wearisome marches and
 fierce engagements in  battle.   The first  and  most important
 qualification of soldiers then, is  health ; and to exercise a sur-
 veillance over them and to keep them in health, is the duty of
 the surgeon.   In the formation of an army the surgeon is as im-
 portant and indispensable as the general.
   Nor  do we  any longer  associate with the army surgeon the
 idea of a man who sees before him hundreds of wounded soldiers,
 with no other feeling than the variety and opportunity they
 afford him for an almost indiscriminate use of the catling or scal-
 pel,  and  who only sees in mutilated limbs and broken bones what
 can be amputated, instead of what possibly may be saved ;  who
 seeks to  dispatch a case suddenly, by giving it a positive charac-
 ter, rather than by patient waiting to aid nature in its restora-
 tion.  That the army is a place  to learn  surgery, has been an
 opinion very generally received;  that it has been learned  at the
 expense of  many a poor soldier,  whose limbs might have been
 saved, may as  truthfully be added.
   The events which within the last year have plunged our nation
 into  the evils of a civil war, are calculated to develop a new era
 in the history of military surgery,  and install  the military sur-
geon with  new dignities and  more humane duties.  His  chief
duties are no longer those of the mechanical or  skilful  operator,
but they are extended to the protection and almost parental care
of the soldiery.
  The principles  of hygiene and sanitary science  are  now un- 
4
folded, and thrown  as a protection around the army to insure it
against the diseases of the camp, which  have ever proved more
fatal in the march of armies than  the bullets and shells of the
enemy.  We need only to cite the instances of sickness and mor-
tality in the French army at the Crimea, as reported by Dr.  G.
Scrive, the Surgeon General of the army.  That war  lasted for
twenty-four months, summer and winter, without any intermis-
sion.  The entire number of French troops that were sont to the
East amounted to 309,268 men.  Of this number, 200,000 were
received  in ambulances and hospitals, for  medical.aid, 50,000
for  wounds, and 150,000 for  diseases  of various  kinds.  The
total mortality.was  69,229; or  22|  per cent.  16,325 of these
died of wounds,  and about  53,000  from diseases.   Thus, those
by diseases, it  will be seen,  are more than  three times the num-
ber of those destroyed  by wounds.  There  were  of ordinary
wounds, 2,185;  gunshot wounds,  22,891; frost-bitten,  3,472;
typhus fever,  3,840;  cholera,  8,196; scurvy,  17,5*76; feverish,
63,124 ; venereal, 241 ;  itch, 124.  There was a great mortality
from  scurvy and frost bites.  Of the 25,076 cases of ordinary
and gunshot wounds, it will be observed that there  was the im-
mense mortality  of about seventy-five per cent., notwithstanding
all that skillful surgery could do to avert such melancholy results.
Many of these cases terminated doubtless as the sequels of ope-
rations, by traumatic fever, hemorrhage, excessive  suppuration,
spasms, erysipelas,  gangrene, pyemia and tetanus.  Pyemia at
the Crimea was one of the  chief sources of danger  after opera-
tions.  How many of that  16,325  might have  been saved by a
more  conservative surgery, and thus avoiding the sequelse of ope-
rations as  dangerous as the wounds  themselves, is a  problem per-
haps not easily calculated.  But might not an increased vigilance
in the sanitary and hygienic regulations have  averted the pneu-
monia, and the typhus and the fevers, by which the fearful num-
ber of 150,000 troops were  prostrated in a period of two years,
and  of which  53,000 died—a mortality of 33£ per  cent;  and
doubtless the lives  of many others  were shortened by exposure
and disease that developed with fatal results after the termina-
tion of the war.   This comparison is not instituted for  the pur-
pose of deprecating skillful surgery.  We award to it the relief
it brings, and the grand results it achieves.
  In the  hands of the conservative surgeon neither  the officer or
those of his command have anything to fear.  In the hands of 
5
     the bold, dashing operator, and such sometimes find their way to
     the surgical staff, there is more cause for apprehension.  But the
     point intended to be illustrated by the comparison is, that if all
     cases requiring capital operations, doubtful in their  results, were
     abandoned to nature, and  the skill of the surgeon directed to
     the prevention of disease, by discovering and avoiding the sources
     of malaria, by careful inspection of the dress and diet, the amount
     of fatigue incurred, and the general hygienic condition of the camp
     and  hospital, whereby the  sickness of the  150,000 might  be
     diminished and  the  fearful mortality of 33^ per cent, lessened,
     the strength of  the  army would  be increased and  therewith a
     saving of human life greater  than that  hoped for by the most
     brilliant surgical operations.   This position in favor of conserva-
     tive surgery is elucidated and  sustained by the remarks of a sur-
     geon in the volunteer service of great practical experience, who
     writes from a distant field of service, where he has had opportunity
     to put into practice the precepts* of military surgical authorities :
     " I conjure you," says he, "in  the august name of that humanity
     which  should be identified with the title of surgeon, to guard
     young  surgeons against yielding to their eagerness to cut, and
     also to counsel  against primary amputations, particularly in the
     thigh where there is a large wound of the soft parts  combined
     with fracture of the bone. Of the three ' primary' amputations per-
     formed  in my presence  yesterday, the subjects all died,  one of
     them in  the very act of the operation.   In each of these cases,
     with the rules of army surgery stated by the eminent  army ope-
     rators fresh in my mind, I silently dissented from the  practice."
     Should the dissent have been silent ?  Could not the unfavorable
     prognosis have been foreseen and the operations avoided or delay-
     ed until they gave some slight promise of success ?
       The  call  for  surgeons to supply  the volunteer troops  of the
     State of New York, has been responded to with a zeal  worthy of
     a noble  profession, with  an  enlightened  and liberal patriotism
     that sheds a luster upon the escutcheon of the Empire State, and
     which has already reflected honor upon our nation, and  given dis-
     tinction by its heroism and  fidelity to our national arms.  Among
»     the number  are some of the most accomplished  surgeons in the
     country, and onef who is among the distinguished  members of
     our society,  to whom we point with just pride.
* Am. Med. Times, March 29, 1862, p. 182.  f Prof- Frank H. Hamilton. 
6
   It has been my object to collect from official sources the entire
medical  and surgical force from the State of New York, which
lias been engaged in this unhappy war,  and to arrange it in such
a form as to give it convenience for future  historical reference to
the whole profession and to the State.  No place  could be more
appropriate for its publication than the  Transactions of  our
Society.   My first  thought was to refer, by foot notes, to the
many interesting articles published in the journals of the day, by
the various members of the medical staff,  but I soon found that
such a plan would  be  necessarily incomplete on account of the
limited number of medical  periodicals that might come under my
own eye, and it wTas accordingly reluctantly abandoned.
   No ordinary interest would  now be attached to a full account.
of the surgeons of  the Revolution  and a history of their opera-
tions, or to those which our State furnished in the war of  1812.
Whatever either accomplished, their names and labors find no re-
cord on the page of history.
   In the number who compose the  medical staff of the State of
New York, I do not include those citizens of this State who were
already in the regular army or navy service when the war began,
or those engaged in the three  month militia service, but
   1st. Those who were examined by the Naval Board after the
commencement of the war.
   2d. Those who were examined  by the Army Board after  the
commencement of the war.
   3d. The Sanitary Commission.
  4th. Those examined by the Medical Board at Washington.
  5th. Those examined by the Medical Board at Albany.
  The sanitary  commission, as is well known from their frequent
published documents, was  organized at  Washington on the 13th
of June, 1861, in accordance with a  suggestion  made to Mr.
Cameron, the Secretary of War, by the  acting Surgeon General,
R. C.  Wood, on the 22d of May previous.   The suggestion met
the approval of the Secretary of War and  received the approba-
tion of the  President,  Mr. Lincoln, on the 13th of June,  the
same day on  which the commission was organized.  Its object
was to lessen the pressure upon the medical bureau in view of so  •
large  an army, and to direct the " intelligent mind of the coun-
try to practical results  connected with the comforts of the soldier
by preventive and sanitary means."  It  includes in its range all
that refers to the health, comfort and morale of the troops; by 
7
seeing how far a volunteer force may be speedily brought to con-
form to the standard regulations of the regular army; by making
scientific inquiry into all that relates to camp grounds, clothing,
tents, cooks, cooking and diet; by exercising precaution against
excess  of heat and cold; by guarding  against the influences of
malaria and  infection; by providing early and  ample comforts
for the sick and wounded, by general attention to military hos-
pitals ; these  investigations to be  guided by the highest medical
and military  experience and foresight.
   The commission  have labored  diligently and achieved much
towards carrying out their original designs.  They have appointed
a large number of associate members*  in all the loyal states to
co-operate with them in their benevolent and patriotic measures ;
and already  more than  forty documents,  some  of them written
with marked ability, have been published  under their authority.
   The record of brigade surgeons, which  was obtained from the
Surgeon General's department in  Washington, shows that  of the
twenty-two who were examined by the medical board in Wash-
ington, six had already been examined in Albany, and  appointed
to the charge of regiments.
   The examining board at Albany, was organized  on the 19th
April, 1861,  by His Excellency, Governor Morgan, upon the sug-
gestion of Surgeon General Vanderpoel.  The board consisted of
Drs.  Alden  March, Thomas Hun, and Mason F. Cogswell, gen-
tlemen well known for their high  toned professional accomplish-
ments, their  sterling integrity, and their earnest patriotism.   Up
to the 10th December, the board had  examined 468 applicants,
 228 of whom were accepted  as qualified to act as surgeons, and
 137 as assistant surgeons.
   The plan of  the examination was by a  series of printed ques-
tions that were placed before the applicant, answers to which he
was required to write within a given time, as concisely and com-
pletely as possible, without consulting books  or  persons.  The
 topics embrace anatomy, surgery, chemistry, theory and practice
 of medicine, and therapeutics.
   The answers were  carefully  examined together with testimo-
nials of character and skill, and in view of the same the grade of
the applicant was determined.   This board remark in its report
 to the Surgeon General, that  " It is believed the list embraces a
* List of members; Sanitary Document No. 34 ; Dec. 7, 1861. 
□
o
body of men possessing that character, education, practical skill
and experience which all so earnestly  desire, may be  secured  in
behalf of the health and the lives of our volunteer forces."
   The inquiry has been so often repeated as to the character  of
these examinations that I make no apology for appending a copy
of the series of questions.  They may be found also in the report
of Surgeon  General  Vanderpoel,  to the Governor and Comman-
der-in-chief  of our State forces, and are as follows :*

   Copy of questions submitted  Applicants by Examining Board.

                         First series.
   Each candidate will, without reference to books,  furnish writ-
ten answers  to as many of the following questions as the alloted
time will  allow.  The answers should  be concise,  and at the
same time as complete as possible.
  Each answer should be numbered to correspond with the num-
ber of  the question.
  The  paper containing the  answers is  to be signed,  and,  to-
gether  with  this sheet, inclosed in a sealed envelope, on the back
of which the name and address of the candidate  are  also to be
written.
   1.  Describe the course and relative position  of the femoral
artery; also the operation of ligature of  the femoral artery.
  2.  Answer the same questions in regard to the brachial artery.
  3.  Give the names, situation  and distribution of the principal
nerves  of the upper extremity.
  4.  Describe the operation of amputation of the thigh. Describe
the operation of amputation of the leg.   Describe the operation
of amputation of the forearm.
  5.  Describe the dressing and subsequent treatment,  and the
accidents which may follow these  operations.
  6.  Give the diagnostic signs of compression and concussion of
the brain, and the general treatment applicable to each.
  7.  Describe the  accidents accompanying incised wounds, and
the treatment.
  8.  Describe the characters and treatment of lacerated wounds.
  9.  Give the characters  and accidents  peculiar to  gunshot
wounds, and the general treatment.
   10. What are the  rules for amputation  in cases of  gangrene ?
   11. Under what circumstances is traumatic erysipelas liable
to come on,  and how it is to be prevented and treated ?
   12. What are the symptoms of shock or  collapse, following
severe  injuries ?  Give the treatment of this condition.
   13. Give  the hygienic and  medical  treatment of dysentery
occurring in camp life.
  * Assembly Doc No. 12, 1862. 
9
  14. What are the constitutional disturbances caused by burns ?
Give the general and local treatment.
  15. Give the chemical composition, medical uses and  mode of
administration  of  the following substances ; calomel, corrosive
sublimate, iodide of potassium, epsom salts, sulphate of copper,
lunar caustic.

                Copy of questions, second series.

  1. Describe the  different  dislocations  of the  os humeri—the
diagnostic  signs of each, and the  mode of reduction  in each
case.
  2. Answer the same questions in regard to the dislocations of
the hip joint.
  3. Describe the  course and relative position of the arteries of
the forearm and hand.
  4. Describe the operation  of ligature  of  the anterior tibial
artery.   Describe the operation of ligature of the radial artery.
Describe the operation of ligature of the external iliac.
  5. Describe the operation  for strangulated inguinal hernia,
dressing and subsequent treatment.
  6. Give  the most important means of arresting hemorrhage
from incised wounds; also from punctured wounds.
  7. Give diagnostic signs and treatment of fracture of the lower
portion of the radius ;  also of  the lower  portion of the  fibula.
  8. Give the  symptoms of scurvy, its causes, mode of preven-
tion and treatment.
  9. Give the symptoms and physical signs of the different stages
of pneumonia.
  10. Describe the danger of penetrating wounds of the thorax;
the symptoms of wounds of the lung; and the  general manage-
ment of such accidents.
  11. Give  the general character  and  treatment  of gunshot
wounds.
  12. Give  the treatment of wounds of the intestines.
  13. What is  meant by pycemia ?  Under what circumstances
does it occur ?   How is it to be recognized and treated  ?
  14. Give  the medicinal  properties, modes of administration
and doses  of the  following  substances : aloes, jalap,  calomel,
opium, tartarized antimony, sulphate of zinc.

                Copy of questions, third series.

  1. Describe  the  symptoms and  course of typhoid fever, its
anatomical lesions  and treatment.
  2. Give the causes, symptoms and  treatment of bilious remit-
tent fever ;  also of intermittept fever,
             2 
10
  3. Give the symptoms, physical  signs and anatomical lesions
of pericarditis.
  4. Give the symptoms of hectic fever, the circumstances under
which it occurs, and its treatment.
  5. Describe phlebitis, its causes  and its  consequences.
  6. Describe the causes and consequences  of varicose veins  of
the leg, and the mode of management.
  7. Describe some of the principal acute inflammations of the
eye ; explain the tissues involved,  and give the treatment.
  8. Describe the  primary,  secondary and tertiary forms  of
syphilis, the diagnosis and treatment.
  9. Describe the dangers and  general  mode of treatment  of
fractures,  simple, compound and comminuted.
  10. Describe the  apparatus necessary for dressing a fracture
of the femur, and its mode of application.
  11. Answer the same question  in  regard  to  fracture of the
tibia.
  12. Give the rules for applying ligatures to large arteries, and
the subsequent treatment.
  13. Describe the  course and situation of the large  arteries and
veins of the neck.                                           •
  14. Give the symptoms and  physical signs of phthisis pulmo-
nalis in its early stages.
  15. Give the medicinal uses, the doses  and mode  of adminis-
tration of the following substances:  digitalis,  extract  of bella-
donna, nitrate  of potash,  tartar emetic,  chloroform,  cod  liver
oil.

                Copy of questions, fourth  series.

  1. Describe the origin, position and distribution of the sciatic
nerve.
  2. Describe the origin, course and general distribution of the
fifth pair of cranial nerves.
  3. Describe the ligaments of the hip joint.
  4. Describe the origin and course of the right and left primi-
tive carotid arteries.
  5. Enumerate and describe the membranes of the brain.
  6. Under what circumstances is the operation of trepanning
necessary ?   Describe the operation and subsequent  treatment.
  7. Describe the operation of  ligature of the  femoral artery,
the subsequent  treatment  and the accidents which may follow
the operation.
  8. Give the causes and treatment of fistula in ano.
  9. Give the diagnostic signs, prognosis  and treatment of frac-
ture of the femur within the capsular ligament.
  10. Describe  the operation of  amputation of the thigh,  the
dressing and subsequent treatment. 
11
  11. Describe the accidents which may follow amputation.
  12. Give  the symptoms, course  and anatomical  lesions  of
typhoid fever.
  13. Give the symptoms, physical signs and modes of termina-
tion of acute and chronic pleurisy.
  14. Describe the organic lesions which give  rise to dropsical
effusions.
  15. Give an account of the principal constituents of the blood.
  16. Give the medicinal uses and  modes of administration  of
the following substances :  nitrate of silver,  senna,  sulphate  of
magnesia, colchicum,  digitalis, opium,  hyoscyamus, corrosive
sublimate.

                 Copy of questions, fifth series.

  1. Give the commencement, course, termination and relations
of the jugular veins.
  2. Give the diagnostic  symptoms of paralysis  of the  facial
nerve.
  3. Describe the operation of excision of the knee joint, and
also of the elbow joint, and state  in what cases these operations
should be preferred to amputation.
  4. In cases which admit  of  a choice, which method is  to  be
preferred in amputation of the foot ?  Describe the operation.
  5.  Give the  diagnosis  and  treatment of  fractures of  the
clavicle.
  6. Give the  differential  diagnosis between hernia  and varico-
cele, and describe the operation for the radical  cure of the latter.
  7. Give the causes and treatment  of hemoptysis.
  8. Give the causes and  treatment of retention of urine, and
describe the method of introducing the catheter.
  9. Give the symptoms, cause and treatment  of  acute rheuma-
tism and its complications.
  10. Give  the symptoms and treatment of diphtheria and  its
sequelae.
  11. Describe the primary,  secondary and tertiary forms  of
syphilis, the diagnosis and treatment.
  12. Give the tests for albumen,  and also for sugar in the urine.
  13. Write out in full a prescription for a purgative pill,  a diu
retic mixture, and a cough mixture.

  In presenting the list of surgeons  of the volunteer force  which
I have arranged in a tabular form, I take pleasure in acknowledg-
ing my indebtedness to Surgeon General Vanderpoel, for afford-
ing me every facility in  its preparation,  by allowing me free
access to his official records, nor can I here forbear to speak of the
very able  and faithful manner in which the arduous and respon- 
12
sible duties of his office have been performed.   Surgeon General
Vanderpoel's early and persistent measures for the revaccination
of the troops, (and his returns show the only statistics of revac-
cination in the present army,*) his energy in establishing hospi-
tals at the general depots, his  constant attention  and watchful-
ness for the general health of the troops, his efforts to supply effi-
cient surgeons to the various regiments, together with the minor
duties, have been executed with indefatigable  energy, and with
an ability and patriotism that reflect credit  not only upon  our
profession but on the State of New York.
              * See Sanitary Commission Document E, page 26. 
13
The Naval Medical Board,  which  convened in the  early summer  of
   1861, and was dissolved by  an order of the Secretary of the Navy,
   on  the  27th of January,  1862,  its  duties  being  completed,  ac-
   cepted the following candidates:
NAMES.	Age.	Where graduated.
		Albany Medical College. College of Physicians and Surgeons. Buffalo University. College of Physicians and Surgeons. University of New York. University of New York. College of Physicians and Surgeons. College of Physicians and Surgeons. University of New York. Geneva Medical College. Harvard University. University of New York. University of Michigan. University of New York. College of Physicians and Surgeons. Buffalo University. McGill College, Montreal.
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
  Note.—Sixteen of fifty-nine were from the State of New York.
  » Charles E. Covell was born in Hartford, Washington Co., New York, in 1837.  He was a
student of Dr. J. Swinburne, in Albany, and was graduated in medicine at the University of
New York in 1860.  He became resident physician to the Children's Hospital, and subse-
quently became an interne at Bellevue Hospital, where, by his intelligence and fidelity, he
gained warm friends.  On the breaking out of  the present war, he determined to  enter the
naval service, and was accordingly examined June 14th, 1861, before the Naval Board.  He
at once received orders, and sailed on the " City of New York" on the 7th July for  Pen-
sacola.  On the 22d July he was transferred by the United States flag ship Mississippi to
the U. S. Frigate Colorado, where he entered his duties as the assistant of Dr. Horer, the
Surgeon of the fleet.   He was in a few days  seized with dysentery, of which he died on the
7th day of August, 1861.  A few hours before he died, he penned a beautiful  and  affection-
ate  letter to his mother, telling her of the fate he was in a few hours to meet, and of God's
grace, which was sustaining him as the fatal hour approached.  Thus was suddenly termi-
nated  a life  full of professional zeal and  promise.  It was given to the cause of Liberty.
Thus were crushed a mother's hopes in her only son.  Such is the price of Liberty.
                                                                      S. D. W. 
14
The following gentlemen were candidates for the Medical Corps of
  the  United States Army, from the State of New York, who were
  examined and approved  by the Army Medical Board, convened in
  New York, May, 1861.
NAME.	Age.	Where graduated.	Year.
	29 23 29 23 27 23 25 23 27 23 23 29 24 23 23 23		1854
			1860
Gourley, John W. S..........			1858
			1859
			1859
			1861
		College of Physicians and Surgeons........	1859 1860
			1861
			1860
			
			1853
White, Charles B............			1859
			1859
			• 1859
			1859
			
  * "Would not leave his wounded."  Prisoner at Bull Run and still unexchanged, June 5,
1862.
  f Subsequently passed the Naval Board, and declined an appointment in the army.
  The Sanitary Commission consists of the following gentlemen:
  Rev. Henry Bellows, D. D., President, New York.
  Prof. A. D. Bache, M. D., Vice President, Philadelphia.
  Elisha Harris, Corresponding Secretary, New York City.
  George W. Cullum, U. S. Army.
  Alexander E. Shiras, U.  S. Army.
  Robert C. Wood, M. D., U. S. Army.
  William H. Van Buren, M. D., New York.
  Wolcott Gibbs, M. D., New York.
  Cornelius R. Agnew, M. D.,  New York.
  J. S. Newbury, M. D.
  George T. Strong.
  Subsequently added as commissioners under  the  authority of
Secretary of War.
  Frederick Law Olmstead.
  Samuel G. Howe, M. D.
  Horace Binney, Jr.
  Rt, Rev.  Thomas M. Clark, D. D., of Rhode Island. 
15
  Frederick Law Olmstead was  appointed General Secretary at
Washington.
  J. Foster Jenkins, M. D., of Yonkers, New York, Secretary for
the Army of the Potomac.
  J. H. Douglas,  M. D.,  of New York City,  Secretary for the
divisions under Generals Banks, Dix and Wool.
  J. S. Newbury,  M. D., Secretary for the western armies.
  Franklin B. Hough, M. D., of New York, Secretary for the
Army of the Potomac, 
16
Surgeons who have been appointed to the charge of Brigades from
  the State  of New  York, and who were examined by the Medical
  Board in Washington.
NAMES.	Age.	Where assigned.
		
		General Wool's Division.
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		General Anderson, Kentucky.
		
		
		
		
  * Previously examined by the Medical Board at Albany, and appointed to the charge of
regiments.
  | In charge of General Hospital at Fortress Monroe, Va. 
Examined by the Medical Board at Albany, and passed as Surgeons New  York State  Volunteers.
NAME.
Where graduated.
Year.
What service since graduation.
Where appointed.
What changes.
Xtt
Alexander, Joseph B.

Armstrong, Henry A.
Atherly, Joseph
Andrus, C. H.....
Avery, A. Geer....
Barnes, Norman S.
Backus, Azel.
Baker, Charles II.
Bannister, T. 0.
Barrows, N.....
Bates, C. C.........
Bausch, Charles
Beach, John........
Beakes, George M. .,
Benedict, Michael D.
Berkey, Reese B.....
Berry, Abraham J. . ..
Bidlack, William W...
Bissell, Elias L.......
Bogardus, John C.....
Bontecou, Reed B.....
Bradley,  Thomas.....
Brilliantosky,  Samuel.
Bresee, J. R.........
Brown, Harvey E.....
Browne, Rufus K.....
University of Virginia ..

New York Med. College.
University of Glasgow ..
College Phy'ns and Surgeons
Univ. of Louisville, Ky.....
Berkshire College...........
Univ. of Pennsylvania
Albany Medical College.
University of New York.....
College Phy'ns and Surgeons
New York University.......
Tubingen..................
College Phy'ns and Surgeons.
Albany Medical College.....
Yale Medical Institute......
Medical Dept.  Penn.  College
 1852

 1854
 1851

 1845
 1845
 1852

 1851

 1842

 1856
 1856

 1854
1851-7
 1856
 1856
 1836
 1849
Michigan University..........
College Phy'ns and Surgeons .
Castleton, Vermont...........
Geneva Medical College.......
University Berlin............
College Phys. and Surgeons.. •
University New York........
Long Island College Hospital.
1852
1861
1860
1847
1847
1846
1856
1857
1860
Student in Charity Hospital; in prac-
  tice 18 years.....................
Bartholomew  Hospital  12  months;
  years at Glasgow...............
In private practice................
Surg. 2d reg't artillery

Surgeon 22d regiment
3 months at Boston Heap.;  3 months
  at New York Hosp...............
Had charge of Western House of Re
  fu<$e 1 to 5 years ................
Hospital  practice  1 year;  in privat
  practice 18 years.................
Asst. Surg. Ma. arti'ry

Surg. 27th regiment
House surgeon at Bellevue hospital II
  months; in private practice.......
Deputy coroner of New York.
In private practice..........
In private practice 25 years..
In private practice.

In private practice.
Asst Surg. 1 st reg't cav
Surg. 75th regiment.
Surg. Col. Doubleday's
 1st reg. heavy artillery
Surg. 38th regiment...
Asst Surg. 62d reg't...
Asst Surg. 44th reg't..
Asst Surg. 102d reg't .
Surg. 2d regiment ....
Attended Hosp. in Paris and Germany.
In general practice.................
Surg. 41st regiment..
Resident Surg. L. I. Coll. Hosp.; Prof.
  Anatomy N. Y. Medical College....
Asst Surg. 70th reg't..
Promoted to Brio;. Stir.
Chg Gen.IIos.F.Monroe
Promoted to Brig. Sur. 
SURGEONS.—Continued.
NAME.
Brueninghauscn, Charles ..
Buck, Ephraim W.  .
Burr, William J.....
Campbell, Augustus.
Casey, James W.
Cass, Jonathan ..
Case, D. Meigs.
•Chamberlain, D. C. . .
 Chapin, Francis L. R.
 Chapman, James ....
 Chase, linos G.......
 Churchill,  Alonzo....
■Churchill, Seymour ..
 Clark, A. M.........
 Cleveland, Warren...
Colgan, Joseph S.
Cooper, William S.....
Cotelle, Victor Amcde
Coventry, Walter B...
Crandall, William B.
Cunynghame, Thurlow ...
Cutler, J. L.............
Dalrymple, A. P.........
Dalton, Edward B........
Danaghe, William R.

David, William G...
Where graduated.
Berlin, Prussia .
College Phys. and Surgeons.
Geneva Medical College....
Albany Medical College
Buffalo University......
Albany Medical College,
New York University
Castleton, Vermont...........
Albany Medical College.......
University New York.........
Jefferson Medical College......
Licensed by Ots. Co. Med  Soo
Woodstock, Vermont.........
College Phys. and Surgeons ...
Castleton, Vermont...........
Royal Coll. Surgeons, Dublin.

Albany Medical College......

Buffalo Medical College......
Albany Medical College
McGill College, Montreal •..
College Phys. and Surgeons
College Phys. and Surgeons.
College Phys. and Surgeons
31  New York University

30  Harvard Medical School
Year.
1829

1857
1845
1845

1862
1854
1857

1837
1851
1852
1854
1832
1838
1857
1847

1849
1861

1858

1858

1858
1849
1851
1858

1852

1854
What service since graduation.
4 years in Marine Hospital; appointed
  by Gov. Fish.....................
Eastern Dispensary 1 year...........
In private practice..................
Assistant physician at Bellevue  1  yr;
  private practice 15 years...........
2 years interne St. Mary"s Hospital ..
In general practice  ................
Bellevue Hospital 5 months;  House
  Surg. Eye Infirmary 6 months---
In private practice 24 years.......■
Albany Hospital 3 months........■
Where appointed.
Surg. 51st regiment. ..
Asst. Surg. 59th reg't.

Surg. 77th regiment...
Asst. Surg. 105th reg't
In practice 23 years..............
In general practice................
In general practice................
Been  Health officer  of  Brooklyn; in
  private practice.................
Attended Dispensary in Brooklyn; also
  Hospital in Dublin..............
Practiced 19 years before graduation
Interne at Lying-in Hospital, Buffalo,
  6 mo.; resident phy. Buffalo Hosp.
Hospital  service 6 mo.: 2£  years  in
  Hospital London and Paris......
House Surg. Hospital 2 years.....
In private practice...............
Asst Surg. 43d reg't ..
Surg.  105th regiment..
Surg.  30th regiment...
Surg.  8th reg. cavalry.
Surg.  104th regiment..
Surg.  14th regiment...
Surg.  23d regiment ...
Surg. 87th regiment.

Surg. 59th regiment

Asst Sur. Enfant Perdus

Surg. 26th regiment..

Surg. 16th regiment..
Surg. 101st regiment.
What changes.
Sur. 7th St'ben Rangera






Promoted to Surgeon.


Resig'd, & A Surg 90th





Resigned.
00
1 yr at Bellevue;  2 yrs at St.  Luke's
  Hospital......................
18 mo. Asst. Surg, at Bellevue;  6 yrs!
  Surg. Demilt Dispensary, &c. ...
9 mos in New York City Hospital..
Surg. Eng. & Art. reg.

Surg. 36th regiment
Surg. 98th regiment.
Resigned. 
D'Avignon, Francis J.
D'• xt< r, James E......
Dicker.-ori, D Estaing .
Dilts, George S.......
bimou,  Theodore.....
Douglas, Frederick
Diimsiinville, Lucian
Dunster, Edward L.
Ellis, Thomas T. . ..

Eisenlord, A. M. F,
Everts, Franklin

Ferguson, Nelson D.

Fisher, George J. ..
Fiske, S. N...........
•Foy, M. Eyre.......

Froehlick, Mority A...

Frothinghom, William
Glennan, Patrick.....
Goodale, Charles......
Goodrich, Charles S. ..
Gouley, J.  W.........
Gibbs, T. C......
Gilbert, Rufus H.
Gray, E. P.........
Ilaak, John  William
Ilickley, Charles E..
Hall, James A......
Haerle, F..........
II agen,  Charles W.  .
llalsey, C. E.......
Montreal, L. C............
New York University......
Albany Medical College....
New York University......
University of Pennsylvania.

New York University......
Long Island Hospital.....
New York Medical College.
S Royal College Surgeons, Lond
 Royal College  Phys., England
New York University......
College Phys. and Surgeons

Geneva Medical  College. .

University New York......
New York University ..
L. R. C. of Edinburgh.
( Tubingen................
( New York Medical College
 College Phys. and Surgeons.
 Geneva Medical College. ...
 Albany Medical College
College Phys. and Surgeons
Castleton, Vermont...........
College Pbys. and Surgeons....
University of Buffalo........
Saxony.....................
University of Pennsylvania---
Bowdoin, Maine..............
Tubingen, Wurtzemberg .....
St.  Louis, Medical College ...
College Phys. and Surgeons...
1833
1860
1856
1838
1859
1860
1859

1845
1845
1844
1854

1844

1849

1860
1846

1854
1856
1854
1850
1841
1829
1853

1853
1852

1849
1839
1859
1838
1859
1861
1858
Hospital practice in France, Dublin, <fce
I'hy. in Auburn State Prison 2 yrs; in
  private practice................
Attended Bellevue and N. Y. Hosp. 6
  mos; attend. Phy.  Rochester Hosp.
  1 year...........................
Asst. of Dr. Rochesterat Buffalo Hosp.
St. Luke's Hosp. 6 mos;  acting Surg.
  Demilt Disp. 2 yrs................
At Bellevue Hosp.  1855 :  Hosp. Paris
  and London 1856.................
In private practice nearly 18 years ..

Surgeon Sing Sing prison, Priv. Prac
7 yrs Surg. British army; several  yrs
  in Hosp s of Europe.............

> In private practice  .............

Bellevue Hosp. 2 yrs.............
Prof. Anatomy  N. Y. Med.  Coll.; 10
  yrs Hosp. practice................
In general practice..................
1 yr in army South Florida; 1856 Surg.
  on steamer; general practice.-......
Private practice....................
Hospi ta! practice 3 y°ars............
Asst. Dem. when grad.; in gen'l prac.
L. Island Hosp. 1 yr; in private prac
Surg. 96th regiment...
Asst. Surg. 40th reg't.
Asst. Surg. 33d reg't..
Surg. Jackson artillery

Surg. 19th regiment...


Asst. Surg. 3d reg. cav.
Asst Surg. 31st reg't ..

Asst. Surg. U. S. A ..
Surg. 7th regiment..
Promoted to Surgeon.
Promoted to Surgeon.
Surg. 1st reg't artillery
Surg. 97th regiment ,.| Resigned,  and app'ted
                        Surg. 8th cavalry.
                      Consolidated  to   l*5tb
                       and must, out service.
                      Resigned.
Sur.3d reg.Eagle Br'de

Surg. 25th regiment

Surg. 38th regiment

Surg. 8th regiment..
Surg. 44th regiment
Surg. 94th regiment.
Surg. 102d regiment
Surg. 5th regiment..
Sur. 78th leg.......
Surg. 7th reg't cavalry
Surg. 4!Jth regiment..
Surg. 54th regiment ..
Asst. Surg. 40th reg't.
Deceased.
Resigned.
Resigned.
Promoted to Brig. Sur 
SURGEONS.—Continued.
NAME.
Hamilton, Frank H.
Ilausen, Julius
Hunt, John W.....
Hoysradt, J. H.
Hedler, T. Lewis
lleiland,  Charles.
Helmer, Albert M.
Hermann, August. ..
Ilessell, Ferdinand..
Ilewett, James D---
Hewitt, Henry.....
Hicks, J. Lawrence
Hoff, Alexander H..
Hoffmann, Edward S.
llubbell, Charles L..
Ilovet, Henry.....
Howard, Benjamin,
Howe. John..........
Humphreys, George H.
Hutchinson, William F.
Idelcr, Herman ..,
Irwin, Charles K.,
Jamison, John S..
Jenkins, J. Foster
Joachim, Conrad...
Junghanns, L. H. <
Jules Debrouil.
Where graduated.
Vienna, Austria........
New York University .  .

Albany Medical College.
Heidelberg, Freyburg...
Gottingen, Kingsven....
University of Michigan
College Phys. and Surgeons..
Marburg, Hesse............
New York University.......
Medical Dept. Yale College..
College Phys. and Surgeons..
Jefferson Medical College....
College Phys. and Surgeons..
Berkshire Medical College..
Gottingen,  Germany.......
College Phys. and Surgeons.
New York Medical College.
Jefferson Medical College..
New York University
School of Berlin, Prussia....
Albany Medical College.....
University of Michigan.......
University of Pennsylvania..
Wurtzberg.................
Munich, Wurtzberg, &o.....
Year.
1859

1853
1858

1858
1856
1858
1826
1860
1845
1855
1848

1852
1857

1859
1856

1858

1844
1855
1852
1848
1856
What service since graduation.
Hosp. Vienna, Wurzburg, Tubingen, &e
House Surg. Bellevue Hosp. 1 yr; ship
  Surg. 1 voyage .................
In general practice................
Surgeon of steamship  "Hudson Wiser"
  and "New York," Ac.............
Visitor at Bellevue and N. York Hosp.
  for 8 mos.........................
In private practice 3 years.
House Surg, at Bellevue 1 year
Hosp. service some years......
In private practice  7 years; attending
  Surgeon Troy Hospital.........
House Surg. Jews' Hosp. New York;
  Ship Surg. Atlantic line.........
1 year House Fby. at Bellevue, <fec .
Student 2 yrs in Hosp. Vienna, Berlin,
  Paris.........................
Army service in Charleston harbor; in
  Charity Hosp., New Orleans ....
Hospital practice  in Berlin .;.....
In practice  since grad............
In private practice...............
Visitor at Mass. General Hosp. 6 mos.
Where appointed.
Surg. 31st regiment.
Surg. 20th regiment.

Surg. 10th regiment.
Asst. at Lunatic Asylum,  Flatbush, 1
  year,  &c.........................
Externe and interne of  Paris  Hosp'ls.
Surg. 103d regiment ..

Asst. Surg. 20th reg't.

Surg. 28th regiment ..
Asst. Surg. 2'Jth reg't.
Surg. 58th regiment...
Asst. Surg. 66th reg't.
Surg. 92d regiment ...
Surg. 1st  regiment....
Surg. 3d regiment.....
Surg. 90th regiment ..

Surg. 2d reg. B.H.cav.
Surg. 46th regiment...

Asst. Surg. 19th reg't.
.Asst. Surg.  1st reg't..

Surg. 9th regiment....

Asst. Surg. 22d reg't..
Surg. 45th regiment ..
Surg. 72d regiment ...
Surg. 86th regiment...
Sanitary Commission.,
Asst, Surg.3d Bat.Art
What changes.
Promoted to Brig. Sur.


Promoted to Brig. Sur.
Resigned.
Resigned.

Resigned.
Promoted to Brig. Sur.

Reg. disban'd and app.
  Sur. 12th reg't inf.
Resigned <fc app.U.S.A
Promoted to Surgeon.
to
© 
Kel.-ey, Dana E...........]  26
Ivinnier, James...........  55

Kittinger, Martin S.......I  34
Kneel and, Jonathan...
Knight, Wi'liam W. ..
Koehler, Augustus.
Leach, George H...
Legler,  Henry T...
Lewis, John D.....
Li I tie, David  ..'...
Little, William B..
Lyman, William C.
Lynch, Edmund ...
Love joy, George W.
Major, Adolph.....
Mansfield, Wm. Q---
Marguerat, E........
Martin, B. Ellis.....
Martindale, Frank E.
Marvin, L. J........
Mattimore, Frank J..
May, Henry C.......
McDermott, Wm. J. .
McDonnell, Edward.
McKay, Lawrenoe ..
McLean, Le Roy....
McNair, James.......
McXulty, John......,
McNutt, Hiram......
Mercer, John T.......
Merrill, Andrew.....,
Metcalfe, George W..
Morris, Robert.......
Moseley, Nathaniel R.
Albany Medical College.......
University Glasgow...........

College Phys. and Surgeons....
Licensed by Onon. Co. Med. So
Berkshire Medical  Gollege

Wurzburg, Prague............

Castleton, Vermont...........
Leipsic, Germany.............
Albany Medical College.......
College Phys. and Surgeons.. •.
Bowdoin College, Maine.......
Berkshire Medical  College.....
Long Island Hospital.........
College Phys. and Surgeons....
University Heidelberg........

Buffalo University............
New York University..........
College Phys. and Surgeons
Albany Medical College.......
Fairfield Medical College......
Albany Medical College.......
Michigan University..........
New York University........

J College Surgeons, London
 College Physicians, London..,
Buffalo Univ. Med. College....
Albany Medical College.......

Lond. Coll. Phys. and Surgeons
New York University..........
New Hamp. Medical Institute .

Geneva Medical College.......
New York University.........
Albany Medical College.......
University of Pennsylvania....
185
185
186
185
186
185
184

184
185
186
185
182
186
185
185

184
184
185
185

183
185
184
185
185
Attending Hosp. New York and London
Passed by Rojal  Coll. Phy.,  London;
  competent for British service.......
Asst. Surg. 64th reg't.
In private practice.
In general practice.
Surg, Austrian army 4^ years; in prac-
  tice 8 years......................
In practice—chiefly surgical.........
4 mo. Albany Hosp.; 3 mo. Buffalo Hos.
Asst. and House Phy. Bellevue, 18 mo.
Surg. 100th regiment
Volunteer Surg......
Asst. Surg.  19th reg't
  now 3d artillery.
Asst. at Long Island Hosp. 1 year....
Surgeon Eastern Dispensary 18 mos...
Military service in 1848, '49, in Ger-
  many ; in practice 12 years........
In general practice..................
Dep. Health officer at Quarantine 2 yrs.
Asst. 1 yr at Albany Co. Hosp. Asylum
In practice 5± years...............
Surg. 3 mos. 6thregiment N. Y. S. M
  attended Hosp. New York and Paris
In practice 6 years...............
1 year Asst. House Physician Albany
  Hosp.; 4 years Marshall Infirmary.
In priv. practice 11 yrs ; in Ireland 10 yr
In practice 16 years.
In private practice..................
In private practice 15 years..........
2 years in charge Med. Dept. Blockley
  Hospital, &c......................
Surg. 57th regiment ..
Asst. Surg. 8th reg't..
Asst. Surg. 85th reg't.
Surg. 13th regiment...
Surg. 32d regiment ...
Asst. Surg. U. S. navy
Asst. Surg. 6th reg't..
Asst. Surg. 4th reg't..
Surg. 4th cavalry....
Asst. Surg. 92d reg't.
Asst. Surg. 5th reg't.

Surg. 97th regiment..
Surg. 5th regiment..

Surg. 66th regiment.
Asst Surg. 1st Artil

Surg. 6th reg't cavalry

Asst. Surg. 2d reg't..
Surg. J5th regiment..
Surg. 37th regiment .
Asst. Surg.'61st reg't .
Asst. Surg. 7"th reg't.
Surg. 91st regiment...

Surg. 36th regiment...
Resigned.
Resigned.
Promoted to Surgeon.

Promoted to Brig. Sun


Resigned.



Promoted to Brig. Sur. 
SURGEONS.—Continued.
NAME.
Moses, Israel.
Mucke, Franz......
Mndic, Archibald F.
Mulford, Sylvanus S.
Murdock, James B..
Nelson, Judson C.  ...
Nswhaus, Charles Ed.
Nordguist, Charles J.
Oliver, George II.......
O'Meagher, William .;.
Palmer, John M.......
Palmer, William H.  .. .
Parsons. William  W. D.
Pease, Philo C.........
Pease, Roger AY........
Perkins, E.  T........
Perry, John L........
Pctherbridge, John D.

Phillips, Henry John..

Plumb, S. Hiram.....
Potter, Hazard  A.....
Powers, Cyrus........
Reissbcrg, Henry W.......  27
Reuss, P. Jos.....
Reynolds, Francis
Reynolds, Lawrence.
Where graduated.
College Phys. and Surgeons.

.Greifswald,  Prussia........
College Phys. and Surgeons.
College Phys. and Surgeons.
College Phys. and Surgeons.
Geneva Medical College.
Berlin.................
New York University
Harvard University..........■
New York University........
Licensed by County Med. Soc.
New York University.........
New York Medical College---
Long Island Hospital..........
Geneva Medical College......
College Phys. and Surgeons---
Vermont Medical College......
University of Pennsylvania---
( College  Surgeons. London---
( St. Andrews, Scotland.......
Licensed by Way. Co. Med. So
Bowdoin College, Maine.......
Geneva Medical College.......
New York Medical College
Dublin
Year.
1845

1856
1860
1855
1854

1845
1846

1854
1857
1844
1858
1853
1860
1847

1856

1847
1849
1857
1844
1835
1845

1860

1850
1849
What service since graduation.
Where appointed;
Surgeon in U. S. A.  1846  to  1855;  1
  year in Paris Hosp................
4 years Assistant Surgeon in Hospital.
House Surg, at Bellevue 2j yrs; Surg.
  on steamer......................
In practice 18 years.................
Asst. Surg. Prussian army;  visited 4
  years Hosp. Berlin, Germany....
4 years in Hosp. of Europe; 7 years in
  practice.......................
2 years St. Vincent Hospital.
In private practice.......
In private practice..................
Resident Surg, at Long Island 1 year.
Baltimore Infirmary 7 years 3 months.
Surg. Atlantic and Isthmus steamers
In general practice 25 years.........
Asst. Surg. 58th reg't.
Asst. Surg. 15th reg't.
Asst. Surg. 35th reg't.

Surg. 21th regiment ..
Surg. 76th regiment...

Surg. 29th regiment...

Surg. 83d regiment ...
Asst. Surg. 37th reg't

Surg. 3d reg't cavalry
Surg. 6th regiment...
Surg. 12th regiment..
On Med. staff thro' Crimean war, '54
What changes.
In private practice..................
Visited Mass. and Philadelphia Hosp .
Attending Hosp. Buffalo and New York ;
  In private practice................
Visited Hosp. in England and America
  7 years.......................
Late Asst.  Surgeon British  army, in
  Crimea.......................
Lieut. Col. 72d reg't.
Promoted to Surgeon.
Resigned.
Promoted to Surgeon.
Surg. 77th regiment
Surg. 65th regiment
Surg. 53dregiment-
Asst. Surg. 24th reg't.
Surg. 50th regiment...

Asst. Surg. 75th reg't.

Asst. Surg. 68th reg't.
Promoted to surgeon.
Resigned—app.  Surg.
  10th reg't cavalry.

Resigned.

( Reg. dis'd., app. sur-
(   geon 102, and read.
Surg. 88th regiment..
Asst. Surg. 24th reg't
to
LO
Promoted Sur. 63 reg. 
Rice, Nathan P...........I 31
Rice, Pitkin B............I...
Rice, William H..........  40
•Rush's, Eli Samuel.....  32
Harvard Univ. Med. Dept.
Sabin, S. A........
Sass, Louis.........
Schenck,  Otto......
Sheldon, Andrew F.
Sherman, Socrates N
Shipman Azriah B.
Shultzc, Louis....
Shulze, Augustus.
Simon, John......
Sloat, Spencer S. ,
Smith, Andrew H.
Smith, Joseph T..
Smith, J. Paschal
Smith, Strowbridge
Smith, William A.
Smith, William M.
Snow, Asa B.....
Spencer, Henry T.

Spencer, T.  Rush.
Squire, Truman II..
Staehle,  Francis R.
Stearns,  Charles W.
Stehbins, Roderick
Steele, Aaron J.......
Stein, L...........
Stcinach,  Adelrick.
     Harvard Univ. Med. Dept___
     College Phys. and Surgeons...
     Edinburgh ..................
31   University of  Michigan......
35 I  Copenhagen.................
35 |  Giessen.....................
31   New York University.......
59   Middlebury College, Vermont.
( Castleton, Vermont......
( Jefferson Medical College.
 Burlington...............
 St. Louis................
Gottingen, Hanover........
College Phys. and Surgeons.
College Phys. and Surgeons.
Jefferson Medical College ..
28  New York University

33  New York Medical College
Geneva Medical College. ...
Castleton, Vermont........
Fairfield  Medical Col. N. Y.
Albany Medical College......

University of Pennsylvania...

College Phys. and Surgeons...
Bern, Switzerland...........
University Pennsylvania......
Berkshire Medical College.
Jefferson Medical College ..
50  SS'biB1fen
    ( Wurzourg
33 i St. Gall
urg.
3 years visited Hosp. of Europe; House
  Surg. Mass. General Hospital.....
Been Surg. 28th regiment 3 ino's Vol
Hosp. practice 18 mo.; priv. prac. 11 yrs
1 year Hospital in Detroit
Visited for 3 years Hospital of Glasgow
In active practice 37 years; Member of
  Congress.........................
Prof.  Surgery Indiana Med. College 8
  years............................
Asst.  Prof. Surg. N. Y. Med. Coll.'61
Asst.  Surg. Sisters' Charity  Hospital,
  St.  Louis........................
In private practice..................
Surg. 69th militia regiment; served on
  Blackwell's Island Hopital staff....
House Surg, at Ward's  Island; State
  Emigrant office 1853 to 1855.....
In practice 15 years.................
In practice except two winters.......
In private practice..................
1 year Hosp. in Albany; 2 years Alms
  House.........................
Resident Phy.  at  Blockley Hosp.
  year Prof. Geneva Medical Collcg
Served Mass.  Gen'l Hosp. ;  commis-
  sioned Medical staff 1841..........
In private practice..................
Res. Physician Buffalo Hospital; Dem.
  of Anatomy Buffalo Med. Coll. 14 m's
Att. Hosp., Paris; in practice in N. J,
Surg. 18th regiment.,
Surg. 81st regiment.
Deceased.
Asst. Surg. 46th reg't.
As. Surg. 2d reg't cav.-  Dis'd, asst. surg. 78th.

Surg. 34th regiment...

Asst. Surg. 17th reg't. j < Pro. to Surg. 12th re;
Surg. 68th regiment... ( promo, to Brig. Surg.
Surg. 95th regiment..
Asst. Surg. 43d reg't.
Surg. 69th regiment..,

Surg. 93d regiment ...
Asst. Surg. 89th reg't.
Surg. 85th regiment ..
Surg. 61st regiment..
Surg. 33d regiment---
Surg. 89th regiment...
Asst. Surg. 7th reg't..

Surg. 3d regiment
Asst. Surg. 26th reg't.
Promoted surg. 94th.
Discharged; app. Surg
 Serrell's Engr. reg't.
Promoted to Brig.Surg.
to
CO 
SURGEONS.—Continued.
NAME.
Where graduated.
Year.
What service since graduation.
Where appointed.
What changes.
Stephenson, Mark
Sternberg, George M.
Stiebeling, George C.
Stow, T. Dwight---
Strong,  Thomas D....
Stuart, James C.....
Terry, W. F.........
College Phys. and Surgeons.

College Phys. and Surgeons.
Giessen and Marburg.......
Cleveland College, Ohio
Buffalo University.........
Berkshire Medical College..
New York University......
1826

1860
1854
1854
1851
1835
2 yrs New York Hosp.; 8 yrs New York
  Dispensary;  9 yrs Ophthalmic Hosp
In a ctive practice..................
In practice 6^ years................
In active practice..................
Asst. Surg. U. S. army
Surg. 52d regiment.
Thompson, J. Harny.
Hospital practice Boston and N. York.
Hosp. practice 15 mos; general practice
  3 years.........................
Surg. 17th regiment
Tice, Lewis..............  34
Tingley, William H.......  37
Torrey, Charles W........  25
Totten, Gilbert T.........  21
Townsend, Morris W......  34
Trenor, Eustace..........  27
Van Beust, Bernard.......  30
Vanderkieft, B. A.....
Vaudrey, E...............j  54
Van Etten, Solomon ......I  31
Van Ingen, James L......'•  43
VanSlyke, David B.......
Van Slyke, Dewitt  C......
Walker, Edward  S........
Wainwrisrht, D. Wadsworth
tWeed, lliland A.........
Welcker, Rudolph........
Welles, Samuol R.........!
Whedon, George D........
White, John P. P.........]
White, Whitman V.......I  27
New York University......
Jefferson Medical College...
University of Wurzburg....
College Phys. and Surgeons.
Jefferpon Medical College...
College Phys. and Surgeons.
Leipsic...................
1851
1846
1858
1861
1853
1856
Served 2 mos as Sub. inN. York Hosp
Surg. 40th regiment ..

Asst. Surg. 17th reg't.
Asst. Surg. U. S. army
Asst. Surg. 51st reg't .
Asst. Surg. 32d reg't..
Surg. 47th regiment...
Medical School Paris.......
Albany Medical College
College Phys. and Surgeons.
 Buffalo Medical College
 Geneva Medical College
 New York University......
 College Phys. and Surgeons.
 New York University......
 University Germany.......
 Buffalo Medical College
 Albany Medical College....
 College Phys. and Surgeons
( Berkshire Medical College.
( New York Medical College.
1836
1855
1843

1852
1850
1849
1854
1857
1845
1848
Surg, to poor in Paris from 1836 to '52
In active practice.....••. • •.......
Asst. Surg. 53d reg't.
Surg.  Enfant Perdus.
Surg.  56th regiment..
Surg.  18th regiment..
In practice 9 years..................
In active practice...................
In active practice..................
In active practice...................
In active practice.......'...... .....
1st Asst. Surg, of University Hospital
In private practice..................
1861
1857
1858
Asst. Surgeon Bellevue Hosp........
> 1 yr in Blackwell's Is. Hosp.; in prac
Asst.
Surg.
Asst
Surg
Asst
Surg
Surg
Asst.
Asst
 Surg. 101st reg'
 35th regiment..
. Surg. 34th reg't
. 4th regiment.=.
. Surg. 17th reg't
. 8th regiment ...
. 61st regiment...
Surg.10th regt cav
 Surg. 9th reg't..
Surg. 47th regiment...  Resigned
Res; app. Sur. 43d reg;
 pro. Brig Surg., dis'd
Dismissed the service.
Disb'd, surg.  102dreg.


Resig'd; app. Surg.5th
 reg't; subseq'lydis'd.
Pro. to Surg. 25th reg.
Promoted to Brig. Surg.
Promoted to surg. 10th 
Wieber, George....
Wilcox, Charles H.
Wilson, James.....
Winne,  Charles K..
Wolf, Frederick ...
Wood, Charles  S...
Wood, Lucian P. ..
Wright, F. Markoe.
tf*. Wunderliok, Gorald.
   Wylie, Farand......
   Young, Oscar H. ...
36
Stud in Halle, Wnrtzb'gGiessen
Dublin.....................
Jefferson Medical College.....
Prague, Austria  ............
Jefferson Medical College.....
Berkshire Medical College
Coll. Physicians and Surgeons.
Geneva Medical College .
Albany Medical College.
1857
1855
1854
1853
1851
1854
1854

1828
1847
1858
Served in Prussian army.
In practice 6 years.............
Surg.in Buffalo Hosp. Sisters of Charity
3 years  asst. State  Lunatic Asylum,
   and private practice.............
Practiced in Hosp. at Wurtzburg 26 yrs
House Surg, and Phy. at Albany Hosp
First Battalion artillery
Surg. 21st regiment...
Surg. 99th regiment...
Asst. Surg. U. S. army
Surg. 39th regiment..
Asst. Surg. 66th reg't
Asst. Sur. 5th regt.cav
Asst. Surg. Col. Dodge
   mounted rifles.
Asst. Surg. 86th reg't
f Wounded at Hanover C. H. battle.
to 
Examined by the Medical Board at Albany,  and passed as  Assistant Surgeons New  York  State Volunteers, 1SG1.
NAME.
Allen, Isaac B......
Allingham, James J.
Avery, George W. ..
Ayme, II.........
Bacon, James G. .
Balch, Galusha B.
Barron, John C. ..
Bates, Newton L..
Bayles,  George

Beardsley, Grove S.
Benedict, A. C...
Bennett, George C.
Blauvelt, J. F---
Bogert, E. S.....
Bogert, R. D.....
Bradford, Theron .
Brown, D. M.....
Brown, Spencer H.
Brown, Edward A...
Braun, Martin......
Bryce, William  M...
Burbeck, Charles H.
Burdett,  Abram S...
Burdick,  J. T.......
Caccam,  Joseph ....
Cate, H.  J.........
Carroll, 0. A.......
Clark, Augustus P. .
Chambers, Wm. B. .
Chase, NathanB....
Where graduated.
College Phys. and Surgeons •
Albany Medical College
University of Pennsylvania.
Albany Medical College....
College Phys. and Surgeons.
College Phys. and Surgeons.
Jefferson Medical College...
College Phys. and Surgeons.

New York University......
Yale Medical College......
Cleveland Medical College..
College Phys. and Surgeons.
New York University.......
College Phys. and Surgeons.
Indiana Medical College ...
Cleveland Medical College..
New York University......
Mennsingen, Bavaria......
College Phys. and Surgeons.
Albany Medical College. ...
College Phys. and Surgeons.
Worcester, Mass...........
Woodstook.............
Castleton, Vermont.....
Harvard Univ. Med. Col.
Albany Medical College.
Woodstook.............
Year.
1859
1850
1860
1860
1861
1861

1859

1859

1860
1851
1851
1860
1861
1858
1860
1857
1849
1861
1859
1852
1853
1853
1848
1855
1861
1858
1837
What service since graduation.
Where appointed.
Asst. Surg. Rochester  Hospital; practised Ass't. Surg. 13th reg't
  in Rochester.........................    " Rochester reg't."
12 years in practice...................
In N. Y. and Bellevue Hospital.
7 months  in  Buffalo  Hospital;  resident
  physician Erie Co. Hospital..........
House Asst. Surgeon at Bellevue for a few
  weeks.............................
In private practice...................
In Bellevue Hospital.
In Albany Hospital 10 months...........
In private prac. 7 yrs.; 3 yrs. Hosp. prac
In private praotioe.....................
Ass't Surg. 98th reg't
Ass't Surg. U. S. N.
Ass't Surg. Col. Dou
  bleday's artillery.

Ass't Surg. U. S. N.
Ass't Sur. 9th reg. cav.
Ass't Surg. 5th art'y..
Asst Sur. 2d reg. artil.

Ass't Surg. 31st reg't
What changes.
One year in Pennsylvania Hospital.
In private practice.
Ass't Surg. 56th reg't
Ass't Sur. 6th reg. cav
Ass't Surg. 60th reg't
Resigned.
Resigned,  app.  ass't
  surgeon U.S. Navy.
t3
C5 
Cochrane, A. II..
Cooper, John
Cooper, John R..
Cornish, Aaron ..
Cutler, G. R.....
Dean, Henry C.. .
Dewey, David B.
Dwinelle, Justin.
Dodge, John L.......

Doolittlo, Frank W...

Douglas, George C. ..
Downing, J. C. C. ...
Duane,  Henry.......
Edmenston, Alex'r A.
Elliott,  Samuel R___
Elting, V. V........
Feldbausch, Philip . .

Forrester, James Jr.,.
Fossard,  George H. ..
Fuller, WinfieldS___
Franklin, Morris J...
French, Seth........
Gale, James L.......
Gessner,  Brower.....
Gilligan, Michael G. .
Goodrich, B.  F......
Gradendorff, Herman.
Grimes, F. S........
G lis wold, Stephen ...
Iladden, James......
Hall, William II.....
Haynes, Jonathan K.
Hewett, Charles N...
Holden, Austin W___
Hoyt, II............
29
Albany Medical  College.
University of Pennsylvania
College Phys. and Surgeons
Castleton, Vermont.......
College Phys. and Surgeons
Harvard  Univ. Med. College
New York University ...
Jefferson Medical College
New York University.....

College Phys. and Surgeons
Albany Medical College.
Pennsylvania Medical Colleg
Albany Medical College...
Albany Medical College..
New York Medical College
Berkshire Medical College
Wurzburg.
College Phys. and Surgeons
Albany Medical  College...
College Phys. and Surgeons
New York University......
Castleton, Vermont.......
Castleton, Vermont.......
University of Pennsylvania
New York Medical College
Cleveland Medical College.
New York Medical College
Berkshire Medical College.
New York University.....
New York Medical College
Albany Medical College. ...
Albany Medical College....
Albany Medical College....
Dartmouth Medical College.
1857
1857

1854
1860
1861
1858
1846

1845

1860

1857
1859
1861
1853
1856
1851
1858
1859
1861
1858
1847
1853
1856
1851
1861
1854
1858
1850
1861
Spent 2 years in Hospital of Paris
In Dutchess Co. Hospital 7 or 8 years.
In N. Y. Hospital on surgical side.
1856
1857
1847
1825
In private practice 16 years...........

6 months drug store; 6 months ship surg.;
  6 months camp Cal..............•.....
Resident Surg, at Jews' Hospital; Resident
  Physician at Child's Hospital........
In private practice..................
2 yrs. Surg, emigrant packet ship
Visited New York Hosp. in  1857 and 1858
Externe Hospitals, Paris, 1860, &c......
Practiced 5 yrs.  in Greene Co., balance  in
  Hospital............................
Visited Hospital  Wurzburg,  Munich, Ber
  lin, Paris, <fcc........................
Phys  Northern Dispensary, New York ..
In private practice 3 years.............
Visitor at Bellv. and N. Y. Hosp. 3 years.
In priv. prac;  in Hosp. Sacramento City.
In priv. practice 9 years.................
Served one year in South Carolina........
In priv. prac; atten'dHos. Dublin &N.Y.
In private practice..................

Assist. Ward's Island Hosp. one year.
In private practice.
In private practice.
In private practice.
Ass't Sur. 5th reg. cav
Ass*t Surg. 97th reg't.
Ass't Surg. 57th reg't
Ass't Surg. 84th reg't
Ass't Surgeon Baker's
  California regiment.

Ass't Surg. 51st. reg't

Ass't Surg. 10th reg't
Ass't Surg. U. S. A.
Ass't Surg. 18th reg't
Ass't Surg. 45th reg't
Ass't Surg. 42d reg't..
Ass't Sur. 8tb reg. cav.
Ass't Sur. 4th reg. cav.
Ass't Surg. 35th reg't.
Surgeon 60th regiment
Ass't Surg. 38th reg't.
Ass't Surg. 63d reg't..
Ass't Surg. 38th reg't.
Ass't Surg. 36th reg't.
Ass't Surg. 50th reg't
Capt.  22d regiment . .,
Promoted to Surgeon.
Promoted to Surgeon.
Dismissed.
Taken pris. at Bull Run
  Died  at  Charleston,
  typ'dfev. Nov. 1861- 
ASSISTANT  SURGEONS.—Continued.
NAME.
Humphries.  Patrick 11
In-erson, H. II.......
1-ham, Nelson.......
Jackh, Gottlieb......
Johnson, William E. .
Kayncr, D.  S........
Kidder, Walter......
Kilmer, Washington .
Kinne, William B. ...
Kipp, Charles J......
Kracuten, John......
Lakeman, William H.

Landon, Douglass S. .
Lawyer, Thomas.....
Leiihton, Nathan'l W.
Lewis, John B......
Little, George W. ..
Long, Alfred J.....
Mackay, David.....
Madill, William  A..

Mann, William B.  ..
Marshall,  Benjamin.
Marshall, E. G. ...
Macfarlane, Carrington
McAllister,  Thomas.
MeLellan, F. M. ..
McGowan, John J..,
Me Kim, Robert V...
McKee, J. G.......
Mead, Martin L. ...
Michel, Louis.......
Where graduated.
New York University
Yale College Med. Dept. .. .
Basle.....................
Albany Medical College
Castleton, Vermont........
Berkshire  Medical College..
Albany Medical College....
Berkshire Medical College..
College Phys. and Surgeons.
Marburg, Wurzburg and Vienna
St.  Thomas Med. and Surgical
  College, London.........
Albany Medical College...
New York Medical College.
New York University.....
Albany Medical College...
New York University.....
Glasgow, Scotland........
Albany Medical College...
Buffalo University.........
College Phys. and Surgeons.

College Phys. and Surgeons.
College Phys. and Surgeons.
College Phys. and Surgeons.
Harvard University........
Harvard University........
New York Medical College  .
Albany Medical College...
New York Medical College
Year.
What service since graduation.
1861
I860
1828
1854
1859
1849
1845
1860
1835
1861

1860

1857
1851
1858
1853
1858
1853
1856
1858

1861
1852

1861
1861
1853
1822
1847
1861
1859
1857
Attending physician in Williamsburg Disp.
In general practice....................
Phys. Herkimer Co. poor house 6 years...
Attended Hospital at Basle, &c..........
In private practice......................
In private practice......................
In private practice.....................
1 yr. as Ass't at Alms House Hospital....
In general practice.....................
Ass't Surg. 5th Reg. N. Y. S. M. 3 mos...
Hospital steward.
In private practice............
One year Kings Co. Hospital...
In private practice............
6 months Albany City Hospital.
In private practice 8 years.....
Ass. Surg. Pennsylv'a Hospital 6  months,
  Physician and Surgeon Alms House..
N. Y. Disp. 4 years; N. Y.  Eye and Ear
  Infirmary 2 years.....................
Assistant Physician Randall's Island Hosp
Hospital..............................
N. Y. City and Bellevue Hospital........
In private practice 13 years............
In private practice.....................<
Where appointed.
Ass't Surg. 48th reg't.


Ass't Surg. 7th reg't..
Ass't Surg. 90th reg't.
Assistant Surg. 3d bat-
  talion..............
13th regiment......
Ass't Surg. 104th reg't
Ass't Surg. 43d reg't.
Ass't Surg. 72d reg't.
Asa't Surg. 23d reg't.
Ass't Surg. 81st reg't..

Ass't Surg. Mar. Artil
Albany Hospital.. •
In private practice.
   What changes.





Resigned.




Resigned.

Resigned.
to
QO
Promoted to Surgeon.
Ass't Surg. 57th reg't.  Promoted to Surgeon 
M  Her, Adam.....
Moore, J. W......
Mooers, John II. ■
Morse, Burnett W
Mudge, Charles..
Mullen, Isaac V.....
Murphy, Daniel H. ..
Murray, William  D. .
Myers, John T.......
Neely, Nelson........
Norris, Thomas P. ...
O'Leary, Cornelius B.
O'Neil, James C.....,
Osborne,  Charles H...
Paine, Rob't Treat, Jr
Perry, Frederick H. .
Peters, Joseph A.....
Pettier, Pierre D.....
Phillips, James S. ...
Phillips, John P.....
Pitts, James........
Totter, William W...
Powell, Richard.....
Priestly, John.......
Prentice, Fowler.....
Quackenboss,  E. M. .
Ladle, M. G........
Radginsky, Louis  D..
Ramsay, George M. .
Rappold, Julius C....
Reed, James A......
Regan, Matthew  F.. .
Robinson, Joseph W. ■
Rogers, J. II........
Root, Henry..........
Rugglcs, Augustus D..
Kulison, William II. ..
Saltier,  Cornelius.....
Sohwarzenborg, George
Schoon,  James H.....
Geneva Medical  College......
Castleton, Vermont..........
New York University.........
College Phys. and Surgeons...
College Phys. and Surgeons...


Buffalo Medical College......
National Coll. Wash.,  D. C..
Albany Medical College......
Albany Medical  College......
New York University........
Albany Medical  College......

New York University........
College Phys. and Surgeons...
New York University.........
New York University........
Buffalo Medical  College......
Buffalo Medical  College......
New York University........
New York Medical College  ...
Cincinnati Medical College  ...
Buffalo Medical  College......
Royal College Surg., Ireland.
Glasgow, Scotland...........
Long Island Hospital.......
New York University........
St. Louis...................
New Y'ork University.........
Jefferson Medical College.....
New York University.........
New York University.........
College Phys. and Surgeons...
Buffalo Medical  College......
Jefferson Medical College.....
New York University........
College Phys. and Surgeons...
Albany Medical College......
Wurzberg
Giesscn.....................
Albany Medical College......
1844
1858
1857
1860
1854

1851
1856

1859
1854
1853
1860

1857
1858
1861
1856
1861
1859
1855
1859
1849
1857
1861
1848
1860
1859
1861
1859
1852
1861
1848
1856
1860
1855
1859
1860
1855
Visitor at Bellevue and City Hospital.
2 years Hospital of Buffalo..........
In private practice 2 years 8 months..
8 months Blackwell's Island Hospital.
Attended Bellevue Hospital...........
Was Surgeon 25th Regiment N. Y. S. M. 3
  months service.......................
Ass't Surg. 16th reg't.
Ass't Surg. 27th reg't.
Ass't Surg. Engineer &
  Artisans regiment.
Ass't Surg. 25th reg't.
Ass't Surg. 100th reg't
Ass't Surg. 91st reg't.
Attended Bellevue and Black. Isl. Hosp.
In private practice....................
Interne at Alms House for 4 months
In private practice........
In practice 12 years.......
In private practice 4 years.
In practice 10 years....................
Asst. Phys. at Blackw. Isl. for 5 months.
18 months in  Europe attending Hospital  ,
In practice 10 years.
2 years Hospital practice in New York..
Had charge Brooklyn City Hospital, &c.
In private practice....................
Ass't Surg. 25th reg't,
Ass't Surg. 25th reg't.
Ass't Surg. 29th reg't,
Ass't Surg. 28th reg't.
Ass't Surg. 21st reg't
Ass't Surg. 37th reg't
Ass't Surg. 49th reg't
Ass't Surg. 88th reg't
Ass't Surg. 30th reg't
Ass't Surg. 36th reg't
Ass't Surg. 95th reg't
Ass't Surg. 52d reg't.
Ass't Surg. 69th reg't
Ass't Surg. 28th reg't
Ass't Surg. 82d reg't.
Ass't Surg. 54th reg't.
Ass't Surg. 63d reg't..
Ass't Surg. 15th reg't.
1852
1849
In private practice. 
Sweeney, James .. •
Severin, A........
Shanahan, David Reid
Skilton, Julius A. ...
Smith, J. E.........
Smith, Joseph H.  ...
Spaulding, El bridge G
Spencer,  John.......,
Sprague, H. M.......
Steiger, Joseph......
Stoin, Charles........
Steinert, George......
Stevens, George T.....
Streeter, Buel G......
Tanner, William H....
Thomain, Robert......
Tissot, Max..........
Todd, George B.......
Tompkins,  Hartwell C.
Town, Francis L.  ..
Trenor, John, Jr.....
Tuthill, Robert K....
Uhline, Stephen P. ..
Utter, A............
Valentine, S. B......
Van Rensselaer, J. J.
Van Steenberg, Wm..
Van Vleck, D. P.....
Van Vorst, G. W.  ...
Vaughan, C. H......
Vosburgh, Benj. F...
Wallace, Theodore  C..
Welch, Abraham.....
 Albany Medical College....
 Hamburg.................
 College Surgeons, England.
 Albany Medical College... .
 College Phys. and Surgeons.
 Albany Medical College
 College Phys. and Surgeons.
 Cleveland Medical College..
 New York University.......
 Wurzburg..........«......

 Eslangen.................
 New York University......
 Castleton, Vermont........
 Castleton, Vermont........
 Vermont Medical College • •.
 Switzerland...............
 Bern, Switzerland.........
 Albany Medical College....
 Woodstock................
 Hanover School, N. H......

 College Phys. and Surgeons.
 New York Medical College..
 Castleton,  Vermont........
 College Phys. and Surgeons.
 Albany Medical College. ...
 Albany Medical College....
 University of Vermont.....
 Albany Medical College....
 Collego Phys. and Surgeons.
 Albany Medical College... .
Albany Medical College.
Geneva Medical College... .
University Pennsylvania ...
SURGEONS.—Continued.
Year.
1860

1846
1855
1854
1846
1860
1842
1860
What service since graduation.
Albany City Hospital 1 term...........
2 years practice in Hamburg; 5 in N. Y.
Attended St. Vincent's Hospital.......
In private practice....................
2 years charge Wayne  Co. Hospital.....
1857
1853
1860

I860
1856
1853
1859

1856
1859
1851
1847
1855
1859
1856
1842 I
1861
1855 I
1858
1850
1853 I
Marine Hospital at Cleveland 3 years..,
One year New York City Hospital......
Hospital practice Vienna and Prague, 1854-
  1859..............................,
In private practice...........
Practiced in Hospital of Paris.
l± years at Mobile Hospital, Alabama.
8 mo's Island Hospital;  6 mo's New York
  Hospital..........................
In active practice...................
Assistant at Albany Hospital one year.
In private practice...................
In private practice...................
In practice 6 years.....................
In practice 3 years.....................
In practice 7 years; ship surgeon 2 years.
Where appointed.
Captain 96th regiment.
Surg. 63d reg't.......
Ass't Surg. 30th  reg't.
Ass't Surg. 94th reg't.
Surgeon 9th cavalry...
Ass't Surg.

Ass't Surg.
58th reg't.

77th reg't
Ass't Surg.
Ass't Surg.
47th reg't.
41st reg't  .
Ass't Surg.
Ass't Surg.
12th reg't,
61st reg't,
Ass't Surg. U. S. A..
Ass't  Surg.
Ass't Surg.
80th reg't
59th reg't
Ass't Surg. 3d reg't...
Ass't Surg. 1st reg't..
Ass't Surg. 96th reg't
Ass't Surg. 93d reg't.
What changes.
Dismissed.
Prom, to Sur. 87th reg.
Co
o
Resigned. 
Werner, Edward......
West, Joseph E.......
Whiton, H. B.........
Whitehead, Ira C.....
Whitford, Alfred H. .

Williams, Alfred A. C

Wisen, William H....
Wurzburg................
College Phys. and Surgeons
Albany Medical College...
Berkshire Medical College.
University  Maryland......

Berkshire Medical College.

Fairfield Medical College..
1850
1852
1854
1855
1856

1857

1831
In private praotioe..............
Charge of hospital 16 months at Utica.
In private practice..................
In private practice 6 years............

Assist. Surgeon 1st Maine Militia 3 months
  Regiment; ship surgeon............
Ass't Surg. 14th reg't,
Ass't Surg. 2d reg't..
Ass't Surg. 99th reg't,
  "Union Coast G'rd."

Ass't Sur. 1st reg. artil
Ass't Sur. 2d reg. artil
Prisoner.
W 
Several of the Regiments were independent in their organizations, and were  at once accepted for service by the Gen-
  eral Government.   The  Surgeons  were appointed by  their Colonels, without an  examination before  the Medical
  Board.   Already in the service of  the government it was not easy to  recall them for the examination, and they were
  subsequently commissioned by the State, as follows:

                                                       SURGEONS.
NAME.	a to	Where graduated.	Year.	What service since ' graduation.	Where appointed.	What changes.
					G „.,,	
						Resigned.
						
						
Hindman, Richard H..						
						
						
						
						
						
						Prisoner at Bull Run.
Simpson, Georgo B. F.						
ASSISTANT  SURGEONS.
Adams, George.......
Arthard, Theodore ....
Ash, James ..........
Calhoun, James T.....
Fitch, James E.......
Forshee, John M......
Furgeson, James F....
MoLetchie, Andrew...
O'MoDonald, Wheelan,
Ribback, Rudolph ....
Ridgway, Frank......
Assistant
Assistant
Assistant
Assistant
Assistant
Assistant
Assistant
Assistant
Assistant
Assistant
Assistant
Surgeon
Surgeon
Surgeon
Surgeon
Surgeon
Surgeon
Surgeon
Surgeon
Surgeon
Surgeon
Surgeon
67th regiment .
55th regiment.
71st regiment .
74th regiment .
79th regiment .
11th regiment.
82d regiment ..
79th regiment .
65th regiment .
39th regiment.
73d regiment..
Ellsworth Fire Zouaves, [role.)
Prisoner at Bull Run.   (On pa-
Prisoner at Bull Run.  (Pa-
  role.)
"Garibaldi Guard." 
33
  As these pages are going through the press I gain the oppor-
tunity to add, that when in the month of April a great battle was
anticipated at Yorktown, Virginia, where General McClellan was
besieging  the Confederate army, it was found  that the medical
and surgical force of the army was  insufficient to  meet the
demands that such an engagement was  likely to impose upon it.
In order, therefore, to give immediate care to the wounded, under
the authority of the  Secretary of War, the governors of the
several  loyal States were  directed to appoint a corps of volun-
teer surgeons, who  should respond to  the call of the Governor
and serve without remuneration.  The following appointments
have been made by the Governor of the State of New York up
to this date, June 11, 1862.
LIST  OF VOLUNTEER  SURGEONS APPOINTED.
Name.	Residence.	Date of Commission.
James R. Wood........	.. New York city......	... April 7
Alfred C. Post...	do ......	do
Ernest Krackowizer.....	do ......	do
Stephen Smith______	do ______	do
Charles D. Smith.......	do ______	do
George A. Peters .	do _____	do
John 0. Stone..........	do ......	do
Thaddeus M. Halstead...	do ......	do
Willard Parker_______	do ......	do
Gurdon Buck.....__..	do ......	do
Lothar Yoss____....	do _____	do
Thomas M. Markoe......	do ......	do
Alden March..........	_. Albany ............	do
John Swinburne........	.. do ............	do
Edward H. Parker......	.. Poughkeepsie___ ...	do
Charles Winne.........	.. Buffalo.............	do
William Detmold.......	. . New York city......	do
Mason F. Cogswell._____	.. Albany___ _.......	__April 16
Samuel G. Wolcott_____	.. Utica_____________	do
Sanford B. Hunt .	.. Buffalo.............	do
Lewis Post .	.. Lodi, Seneca Co......	do
Jonathan Kneeland	.. South Onondaga ____	. April 17
John J. Crane__	._ New York city.......	do
George Cochrane .	._ Brooklyn___________	do
E. W. Alba.......	.. Angelica, Allegany Co.	__April 16
Gilson A. Davton____	__ Mexico, Oswego Co. _.	... April 17
S. Oakley A'anderpoel__	_. Albany ............	do
Daniel E. Kissam.......	.. Brooklyn...........	... April 17
5 
34
           Names.

Cornelius Olcott_____
Daniel Ayres.....___
David L. Rogers......
William H. Thompson.
Charles Skinner......
F. Burdick..........
Smith Ely...........
James V. Kendall.____
John Y. Lansing......
Sylvester D. Willard..
William S. Denniston.
Benjamin E. Bushnell.
W. Blaisdell.........
Charles H. Porter.....

        FORTRESS MONROE AND  WHITE HOUSE HOSPITAL.

  Yorktown was evacuated on the 4th of May, and the battle at
Williamsburg was fought on the 5th and 6th instant.
  Dr. John Swinburne of this city, and myself left under the direc-
tion of the Surgeon General for Fortress Monroe, on the 8th inst.,
with orders to report to the medical director, Dr. J. M. Cuyler.
We'rounded Old Point Comfort after a delightful sail down the
Chesapeake, on Saturday morning the 10th inst.  Here everything
began to have the aspects of war.  A large number of vessels of
war  and transports  were lying off the  Point.  The guns from
every point frowned from the massive walls of the Fortress.  The
rebel flag could be seen at SewalPs Point, and  beyond nearly aa
far as the eye could reach lay the terror to our fleet, the iron clad
Merrimac.   The Monitor, its  antagonist, lay at a  little distance
from  the  landing, and  would  scarcely have  gained attention
except as she was pointed out to us.  On reaching the shore we
were escorted to the office of the Provost Marshal, where, although
we were both opposed to swearing generally, we swore allegiance
to our country with unquestionable earnestness.
   Immediately we went to  report to Dr. Cuyler, whom we found
in a  ward of the hospital.  He gave us a cordial  reception, say-
ing: "You are just the men we want to see, take off your coats
and  go directly to work  here."  A large  room full of wounded
men were before us.   Three  hundred  had arrived the  evening
previous, by boat, from Williamsburg, where they were wounded
on the day of the battle, and had  received only field dressing.
They had been brought a mile or two to the boat, some of them
         »-*"-         Commissi.

Brooklyn..............APr^ l7
  do     .....---------     .
New York city.........    <Jo
      do     .........    do
Malone, Franklin Co.....April 19
Johnstown, Fulton Co---May  15
Newburgh.............    do
Baldwinsville........... May  16
Albany   ._.............May  19
  do     ...............    do
Newburgh............. June  9
Little Falls............ June  7
Coeymans....._........       12
Albany.............— 
35
having lain on the field over night, then removed from the boat,
and brought  to the hospital.   Thus, it was four days since some
of the wounds had been dressed, and the patients were suffering
from exhaustion   As soon as we could procure sponges, basins,
water, lint,  bandages, straps, &c, we went to work, and hard
work it was to bend for hours over the beds of those poor fellows.
There were  many cases of field amputations, and most of them
were good operations.  There was,  however,  a tendency to gan-
grene, and  some  of  the wounds  became fatally  gangrenous.
There were gunshot wounds  of almost every variety, a record of
which would be  interesting,  but there was  no  time  for mak-
ing it.  Many of  the patients in the ward assigned to  Dr.  Swin-
burne and myself were of the Fifth North Carolina and a Vir-
ginia  regiment,  together  with Massachusetts,  New  York and
Michigan regiments.  In the wards  of the hospital they lay side
by side, as amiable towards each other as if they had never been
combatants, receiving alike all that care and  skill could bestow.
There were  in our ward seven fractured femurs, occasioned by
bullets.   The minie ball shatters the femur fearfully, breaking it
into splinters of from one to six inches in  length,  the results of
which are likely to prove fatal.  These cases ought to be brought
off from the field and to the hospital on stretchers, with simple
extension to keep the limb straight.   Felt splints and  bandages,
when applied, become tightened by  the swelling of  the limb, and
when the dressings are deferred  for  two or three days,  they are
exceedingly painful and  productive of great  mischief.  We had
arrived at the  hospital at a favorable time  for hard work, and
we strove to perform it in behalf of our patients, in justice to our
profession, and to the State  of New. York, which  we represented.
The surgeon in charge of the general hospital was our friend Dr.
Reed  B. Bontecou, Brigade Surgeon in General  Wool's Division,
formerly of  Troy, to whom we were indebted  for hospitality and
for many kind attentions.  The hospital was a part of the Hygeia
Hotel, formerly a fashionable  Southern resort, a sort of South-
ern Saratoga, built to accommodate  twelve hundred guests, where
the gay and the  happy resorted, to breathe the invigorating air
from the ocean.   It was a sad thought, that where only cheerful
voices once  mingled, the groans of the  wounded and the dying
now burdened the air.  The roses in the court-yard which once
emitted  sweet  perfume,  now  seemed  sickly, unattractive, and
exhaling only the odor of pus and suppurating wounds.  There 
3rj
were said to be at the Hygeia about five hundred patients.  It
was the nearest hospital to the  landing, and consequently many
of the worst cases were taken off here.  After working  almost
without intermission on Saturday, Sunday and Monday, we found
two platform car loads of wounded just arrived.  They  were
laid on the piazza and in the yard, in the rear of the hotel, where
their  wounds were dressed.  Every place seemed covered.  They
were immediately sent on a transport North.
  The capital operations that occurred during our stay were four
cases of resection of the shoulder joint, three amputations of the
thigh,  one  amputation  by  disarticulation  at  the knee  joint,
two cases of resection at  the elbow, and ten cases of exsection
of the femur, eight of  which were performed  by Dr. Bontecou,
and two by Dr. Swinburne.   Dr. Bontecou is a graceful and accom-
plished operator, and must be ranked among the first American
surgeons.   The result of many of the  cases of  exsection of the
femur  were  unsuccessful,  though not  under circumstances that
ought to weigh against the operation entirely.   The muscles in
these cases were greatly torn, and destroyed by the force of the
balls;  the patients were already exhausted, and the air  of the
over-crowded wards had become so pus poisoned, that a well man
could  scarcely have lived a week in them, and it necessitated the
vacating of some of them entirely.  This was  the case  of the
Reading  Room ward of which we had the charge.  There were
at this hospital, as assistants to Dr. Bontecou, Dr. Van  Steen-
berg,  of  the First regiment, and Dr.  Forshee,  of the Eleventh
regiment; Brigade Surgeon Shipman, and Dr. Light.   One  mile
west was the Mill Creek Hospital, a large government storehouse,
with about three hundred beds, all of which were occupied, under
the charge of Brigade Surgeon Hunt.  Here Dr. McLean, of the
New York  Second, and Dr. Whiton, assistant,  were stationed.
Drs. Brinsmade, of Troy ; Alden and Henry March ; Lente,* of
Cold Spring, and others,  were  doing volunteer service at this
hospital.  One mile still further west was the Chesapeake Hospi-
tal, a large building formerly known as  the Chesapeake Female
Seminary.   It was  under  the  charge  of Dr.  McCay, Brigade
Surgeon.   Drs.  Edward   H.  Parker,  Stephen  Smith, Husted,
and A. C.  Post were on  service there.   I  saw Dr. Post  apply
a ligature to the primitive carotid.  He  mentions the  operation
in a letter  to the American Medical  Times, of  June 7.  In this
  * See description of Dr. Lente, Am. Med. Times, June 14. 
37
establishment there were said to be seven hundred beds, makin
fifteen hundred wounded and sick at Old Point Comfort.  There
were many sad, sad scenes in the hospitals.  Among the faithful
laborers at the Hygeia was the Chaplain of the  United States
ship Chesapeake, and Mr. Barcley, a christian philanthropist from
Philadelphia, who was  unremitting  in his attentions to the sick,
procuring for them  all  that money could purchase, and encourag-
ing them by words and acts of kindness.
  Drs. Cogswell and Lansing of Albany arrived at Fortress Mon-
roe on Saturday the 17th, when we all received orders from Dr.
Cuyler to report to Dr. Tripler, the medical director of the Army
of the Potomac, at  its  headquarters.  We reached Yorktown on
Saturday evening, and for want of a pilot remained there until
morning, having time to make a hurried survey of the place, but
not to visit the hospitals,  which were under  the charge of Dr.
Greenleaf.  There were  fifteen hundred sick in the hospitals at
Yorktown.
  It was a delightful sail up the Pamunkey river.  There was a
stillness becoming the  Sabbath morning, the clouds were so beau-
tifully reflected in the  river that one might question whether he
was sailing through the sky or the water.   On the  banks  of the
river all was quiet, and except in few places where  " contrabands "
gathered about their cabins, they appeared deserted.  At West
Point we had taken on  board a "secesh" pilot, without any special
guarantee that our steamer would be  safe in his hands.  We
passed  safely  the vessels  that  had been  sunk in  the  river to
obstruct navigation, and a little past meridian approached Cum-
berland, where we  found the  rear of the army.  White House,
which is the  head of navigation  on the  Pamunkey river, was
several miles  beyond,  and to this  place the  river  was  literally
crowded with steamers and transports of every description.  It
is estimated that there could not have been  less than ten thou-
sand vessels, steamers  and transports.   General  McClellan and
the  advance of the army were at  this  place.  One ran only be
impressed with the  magnitude of an army by actually seeing it
and being in its commotion.  We found  our way to the medical
director's whose tent  was near  General McOlellan's, and pre-
sented our credentials, with the assurance that we were ready for
any service.  After a little hesitation we were informed that he
had nothing for us  to do, and the order for our transportation to 
38
Fortress Monroe was accordingly furnished.   We spent the after-
noon on the field, meeting at almost every point  some familiar
face.  The evening dress parade of the army excited our admira-
tion as the air echoed with  the  music of a hundred bands.  As
far as the eye  could  reach the field was covered with men, and
tents, horses,  mules, and army wagons.  Towards evening the
army  received orders  to move  forward  at 4 o'clock  the next
(Monday,  May 19,) morning.  When we arrived at the steamer
in the evening, preparatory to our return, we found a message
from Dr. Tripler, requesting us  to report to him the next morn-
ing at seven o'clock.   This we did.  He informed us that he had
determined to  organize a field hospital at that place, and to send
back the sick and disabled of the army there for treatment.  He
requested  us to establish this hospital, of which Brigade Surgeon
J. H. Baxter was to remain  as  director.   About three  hundred
sick had been left on the ground.  The hospital was to be com-
posed of one hundred tents erected in double line on an oblong
square, to accommodate  twelve  hundred  patients  or twelve in
each tent.   Two companies from the New York 93d and  one from
the 106th Pennsylvania were detailed for  the  labor under our
supervision.  There was a delay in obtaining spades and axes;
nothing could  be done without  them.  It began to rain early in
the afternoon, and the sick men were picked from the road side as
fast as tents were erected to shelter them, others gathered under
the'trees until  tents were ready.  Night came and there was nei-
ther straw or any food. These poor sick and tired fellows laid down
on the ground  like brave men, without straw or food, and without
a word of  complaint.  On Tuesday ambulances arrived  with the
sick faster than we were able  to dispose of them.  The  straw
that we  obtained was wet and musty.  There was yet no  means
for getting water, or beef, or kettles, or wood, and the thousand
other things that pertained  to the necessities of a hospital, and
when  night  came again we all  laid  down on the ground  in our
tents, tired and  hungry, and full of sympathy for  the sufferings
we could not relieve.  On Wednesday the army supplies began to
come in.   The  sanitary commission arrived and furnished us with
beef, straw, beds, pillows, shirts and towels;  while camp kettles,
medical stores, coffee, rice and sugar were furnished from the army
department.  An arrangement was made for the transportation
of wood and water;  system and comfort  began to come  out of
confusion and want.  To Dr. Cogswell was assigned the laborious 
39
duties of the office,  and the superintendence of the  hospital
records, while to Drs. Swinburne, Lansing and myself, of Albany,
Drs. Page and Hall, of Boston, was entrusted the reception and
the treatment of the patients.
   On Thursday  a tremendous rain flooded the ground and  some
of the tents, so  that  many of the  sick lay in the  water.   Thia
was bad enough, but the men were  brave  and uncomplaining.
I lay was brought after the rain, to raise them above the wet, and
the surgeons waded through mud nearly to the top of their boots
to see that the hay was well distributed, and to look after the sick.
Immediate measures  were then taken to floor the  tents  with
plank, six inches above the ground, and  to  increase the drains
around them.  The Sanitary Commission did excellent service,
and provided for the immediate wants  of the sick, before the
government resources could be obtained.  They had the steamers
Spaulding, Elm  City and Daniel Webster, on which they received
about four or five hundred of the most severe cases from the hos-
pital during the  first week.   There were received at this field hos-
pital during the first week about  seventeen hundred patients.
Many of them suffered in their re-transportation from the hospital
to the steamers,  and doubtless the mortality was increased by the
removal  of exhausted fever patients.  When  the wagons  and
ambulances reached the hospital at night, there was no  alterna-
tive but  to leave the patients in them until morning before  beds
could be provided for them.  Perhaps many convalesced by the
time they reached New  York who would have been ready to join
their regiments had they remained.   Dr. Kneeland arrived during
the week and labored hard and acceptably in hurrying  the pre-
paration of provisions  for the patients.   The culinary depart-
ment was crude, and needed constant surveillance to make it run
well.   The patients necessarily suffered for food for the first few
days.  But the mortality was not  large.  During the first week
there were only four deaths at the hospital, out of the seventeen
hundred.  Eight occurred on board the sanitary vessels, possibly
some of these might  have been  avoided if their removal could
have been prevented.  I have not the  statistics of sickness of the
whole hospital, but those of two hundred and thirty-four patients
for which I prescribed in the morning of May 24th, from which
my report was furnished, they may  be taken nearly as an index
to  the whole, and are  as follows: 
40
Two Hundred and Thirty-four Patients Visited and Prescribed for
      on the morning of the 24th of May, were  as follows.
         Debility............................   94
         Fever.....____..........._........   45
         Diarrhoea............._......._.....   49
         Rheumatism.............._.......—   16
         Dysentery ___________..............    6
         Lame and wounded___'______.....—    8
         Measles........._________._________    3
         Ruptured.............____----.....    3
         Parotitis__......._.................    1
         Venereal....................-......    1
         Pneumonia........._..........-.....    1
         Eruptive___;____•_......._.........    3
         Injured sight....._..........._______    1
         Neuralgia....._________________.....    1
         Spermatorrhoea.............-........    1
         Sore throat.................._......    1
                       •                       ____
                                                234
  Many of these, cases would  be able to  return  to duty in ten
days.   They were tired and exhausted;  they needed rest and
nourishment.  The worst  cases of fever,  both remittent and
typhoid, were  sent to the  vessels  of  the  Sanitary Commission.
Could they have  been as well nourished  at the  hospital,  they
would have  gained nothing by removal.   The diarrhoeas  were
not unusally obstinate, nor the dysentery severe, and but few of
the cases  of rheumatism  were acute.  The stimulus  and tonic
consisted  of  quinine  and  whisky, and were  essential  in the
treatment of nearly every  case.  Suitable nourishment for the
sick would have frequently answered better, but that could not
be obtained.   The resources of the government were  large, but
it required several days to concentrate them for the  care of so
many hundred sick.  The  zeal  and energy of the  Sanitary Com-
mission, their timely aid at this hospital,  the heart with which
they came to  the work, the willingness of their medical corps,
rise above the praise which words can express.   Such, in few
words, was the  organization  of  the  hospital at Whitehduse,
twenty-three miles from  Richmond, and  the part which those 
41
who represented  the  State of New York bore in it.  It was  a
great labor, and faithfully performed.
  The situation which Dr. Tripler  chose for the location of the
hospital, on low spongy ground, has been severely criticised, and
the conduct of General McClellan as severely censured for guard-
ing the house of the rebel Colonel Lee (because it was the place
where Washington first  met his wife, Mrs.  Custis,) instead of
allowing it to be used for a hospital.  I went through the house.
It would not have contained fifty beds,  and the lawn was not
large enough for so many tents.   The river was on one side of it
and the road on the other.  The  miasm  from the  river and the
noise from the road would have been two objections against using
the lawn.  A more desirable location might  have been obtained
on a slight elevation at a considerable distance south of Colonel
Lee's house, where water would  have been more easily available
from  the river, and the ground more easily surface drained, but
Colonel Lee's house would have furnished no desirable addition
to a hospital unless used for the headquarters of the surgeons or
officers who might be sick.  In the present case it was too far dis-
tant for the former purpose.
   On Sunday the 25th of May,  a delegation of twenty-four sur-
geons arrived from Massachusetts, and engaged with Dr. Tripler
for service.  Twelve  were retained at the White House hospital
and twelve sent back  to Yorktown.
   Circumstances  obliged Dr. Cogswell and myself,  though not
without many regrets, to start on our journey homeward on the
26th instant, while Drs. Swinburne and Lansing went on and were
at Savage's Station in time to receive  hundreds of the wounded
at the terrible battle  of  Fair Oaks,  near  Richmond, which occur-
red a few days afterward.
   There are many physicians  who have  recently  gone to do
volunteer service, and the  many who in various ways are con-
nected with the labors of the sanitary commission, whose names
and an account of whose services cannot at the present time be
obtained.
   June 12, 1862. 
 
      CONSERVATIVE SURGERY;

                WITH A LIST OF THE


MEDICAL AND SURGICAL FORCE OF NEW YORK

          IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION,

                   1861-2.


  TO WHICH IS ADDED A BRIEF NOTICE OF THE HOSPITALS AT FORTRESS
            MONROE AND WHITE HOUSE, VIRGINIA. 
 
 
 
 
NLM023272545