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        TUBERCULOSIS
            OR

PULMONARY CONSUMPTION
            ITS

     Prophylaxis and Cure
            BY

  SURALIMENTATION
            OF

 '       Liquid Food.

            BY
       W. H. ?TJET, M. D.,
          ofmlWago, ill.,
AUTHOR OF CHARACTERISTIC MATERIA MEDICA, PHYSIOLOGICAL MATERIA
  MEDICA, THERAPEUTICS OF TUBERCULOSIS OR PULMONARY CON-
    SUMPTION, POLYPORUS OFFICINALIS, POLYPORUS
      PINICOLA USTILAGO MAIDES, AND CHIN-
          CHONA OFFICINALIS.
 

  Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1890, by
               WILLIAM H. BURT, M. D.,
In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.
                   All rights reserved.
 
                  TO
     M. LE DR. J. P. JOTJSSET,
            OF PARIS, FRANCE,
IN GRATEFUL ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF HIS HIGH
      ATTAINMENTS IN THE FIELD OF
          CLINICAL MEDICINE,
         AND IN TOKEN OF A WARM
  PERSONAL ESTEEM, THIS VOLUME IS MOST
          CORDIALLY DEDICATED.
              THE AUTHOR. 
 
INTRODUCTION.
   It is estimated that more than one-eighth of the
entire mortality of the human family is due to the
fatal ravages of tuberculosis.  Any treatment, there-
fore, that  will lessen this great  mortality, will be
accepted by man, as not only a blessing, but a great
boon to those suffering with this fatal malady.
   Eight months  ago, while  reading  about the won-
derful cure of obesity in Prince Bismarck, by taking
away all liquids and the carbo-hydrates, and putting
him upon a nitrogenous diet, this flashed through my
mind:  If the  taking away of water  and the carbo-
hydrates from an obese person will arrest the obesity,
will not the giving of an  abundance of water, com-
ingled with the carbo-hydrates, cure all wasting dis-
eases, especially that of tuberculosis; at once I re-
solved to give this hint a clinical test, and the results
have surpassed my most sanguine expectations, and
I now have the great pleasure to announce that the
suralimentation of liquid food is not only the greatest
of all known prophylactics, but that it will actually
arrest and cure tuberculosis,  or pulmonary consump-
tion.  When used in the first  and second stages of
phthisis,  it will enable the physician to cure more
than fifty per  cent, of the patients that would have
to die, with  the  best  methods known  to medical
science up to the present date.  In the third, or last
stage, it will give  only temporary relief.  All persons
                       5 
6
INTRODUCTION.
suffering from wasting diseases, and particularly that
of tuberculosis, require considerable more food than
people in health, on  account of the greater bodily
waste going on in the system.  The digestive powers
of the system in those suffering with phthisis have no
relation  to the appetite;  when liquid food  is intro-
duced into the digestive canal, an immense quantity
will be digested and  assimilated perfectly, with the
result of building up nutrition, and reproducing the
appetite.
   Suralimentation (excess of food) of liquid  food,
produces rapid gain in  weight and strength  of the
body; surpassing anything knowm to science.
   When fluid food is taken in excess  the general
atonic condition of the body, writh its emaciation and
debility,  gives awTay to  increased nutrition and ton-
icity.  The  cough, expectoration,  hectic fever and.
night sweats cease under the influence of the surali-
mentation of water, with greater rapidity than by any
other agent known to the physician.
   Water is  the most important  of all liquid foods;
over three quarters of the human body being wrater,
it  follows, therefore, that over three quarters of our
food should be water.
   Water is the greatest tonic  that  can enter the
human body; when taken into the system, it assists in
building  up the organism and repairing its tissues
when worn out.
   Water constitutes a part of every tissue in the
human body; both uncombined and also chemically
combined, with the tissues in such a way that it can-
not be driven off by evaporation.
   Water maintains a proper bulk in both the blood
"and tissues, rendering them mobile and  soft, instead
of dry and hard. 
INTRODUCTION.                 7
   Water holds in solution the waste matter of the
 body and transports it out of the system.
   Water takes up the waste heat of the body and
 caries it away, and three quarters of our bodies being
 water, it wastes with every breath and'motion of the
 body; and this waste must be constantly restored by
 a fresh supply.
   Water is the natural beverage of man;  it slakes
 his thirst, and cools  his blood in warm weather and
 during a fever.  When taken hot, it carries heat into
 the circulation, after  exposure to cold.
   Water is  essentially requisite in  the process of
 digestion and absorption,  and as a food solvent.
   Water promotes an active circulation of the fluids,
 and accelerates albuminous metabolism.
   Water increases the activity  of the kidneys and
 the amount of urine secreted.
   Water, in large quantities, increases the elimina-
 tion of urea, and in this way acts as an accelerator
 of nutritive changes.
   Water, passing from the fluid form to that of vapor,
 is the means of keeping  down  body temperature,
 which otherwise would rise to a point incompatible
 not only with the capacity for exertion, but with life
 itself.
   Water being exhaled in great quantities from the
 skin,  renders drink imperative,  whether it be in the
 tropics, or the heat of iron works, or in stoke holes.
   Water, to  the amount of six pints, is  required
 daily, to meet the water loss by the kidneys, skin and
lungs, to sustain the normal  adult body in  health;
 and twice that amount in wasting diseases.
   Water is required  for the secretion of the saliva,
the gastric juice, the bile, the pancreatic flow, and the
intestinal secretions. 
8
INTRODUCTION.
   Water  drunk copiously at  our meals  does not
dilute the gastric juice, but greatly assists digestion.
   Water  enters into the composition, in greater or
less proportion, of all solid and liquid foods, and is
the essential basis of all our beverages.
   Suralimentation of liquid food should always have
combined, and used in conjunction with it, the best
remedies known to medical science, and with this in
view, I have added all of the most practical remedies
in our literature, together with all  of the auxiliaries
at our command, so as to make this volume practical
and complete.  The pathology has been omitted, as
every physician has it well written up in his library. 
ETIOLOGY.
   A few words as to  the cause of tuberculosis.
To me  its neural origin is as plain  as any fact  in
pathology: its real cause being  a debility, pareses
or neurasthenia of the organic  nervous system;
the cerebro-spinal being in strong sympathy with
the organic.   This neural debility produces malnu-
trition with tubercular infiltration and all its symp-
toms.
   It is a well-known law in nature, that like produces
like.  Now, when one, or especially both parents are
afflicted with tuberculosis, their offspring have, at the
moment of  conception, this  tubercular  diathesis
stamped upon their  bodies, and  ninety children in
every hundred, born of such parents, will die of tu-
bercular consumption.
   The  physical make-up  of a tubercular patient,
which is stamped upon him in utero, and during the
whole period of his organic life, is shown by the large
cerebrum, small cerebellum,  slender neck  and  chin,
contracted, long, flat thorax, with its small antero-
posterio diameter, creating the impression as if the.
arched  chest-wall had sunken in, or the vertical diam-
eter had been enlarged at the expense of the sterno-
vertebral diameter.   With this there is thinness  of
the adipose layer  and  muscular tissue and slight
inspiratory elevation of the chest.  The term " para-
lvtic thorax" describes this appearance very appro-
                         9 
10
CONSUMPTION AND  LIQUIDS.
priately.  The separation of the  clavicles from the
chest-wall is caused in part by the emaciation of the
soft  parts, but only  attains higher grades by the
sinking in of the thorax over the retracted apices of
the lungs.  The separation of the scapulae also results
from the thinness of the adipose tissue, and the ema-
ciation  and atony  of the muscles (trapezius, rhom-
boids, latissimis  dorsi, serratus) and is found most
distinctly when the neck is " hollow," i. e., when there
is marked convexity of the upper dorsal vertebrae,
with compensatory lordosis of the lower dorsal and
lumber  spine, as is  found so often in a long thorax.
The  flatness  of  the thorax  and its  small antero-
posterio diameter are best recognized when the chest
is  looked at from  the side, the arms  being raised.
Still more convincing are the figures obtained  by
means of Woilldez's cyrtometer. On the following
page I show you a few of these sections made through
the spinous process of the ninth dorsal vertebra and
the base of the xiphoid appendage, and in patients
between the ages of twenty-five and forty years, as
a matter of course, they are greatly reduced in size.
Taken from Dr.  H. Von  Ziemssen's iEtiology, Diag-
nosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis.
   It takes but a small  exciting cause to develop in
such a party, a well-marked case of consumption; as
for example,  puberty with  its manifold excitements
and depressions; excesses of all kinds, especially sex-
ual; dampness;  want  of exercise; occupation; bad
ventilation; physical exposure in cold damp atmos-
phere, climate, etc.; anything  which tends to  ener-
vate such people.  Their effects  will soon be shown in
the peripheral nerve  endings of the great sympa-
thetic nerve  in the lungs, or any  other  organ the
disease centers upon. 
  o
FlG. i.—Phthisical Woman, aged 28   Fig. 2.—Phthisical Man, aged 25 years.
 years. Narrowingof the left side.       Soft pa*rts extremely emaciated.
o.
FlG. 3.—Normal Thorax, firm muscles,    Fig. 4.—Ectatic Thorax in an  Em-
         man aged 32 years.                physematous man of 40 years.
                                    11
 
12          CONSUMPTION AND  LIQUIDS.

   This innervation, neurasthenia, paresis, or neuro-
sis, is shown to us in capital letters in the
    1. General Atonic Condition of the Body.
    2. Emaciation and Debility.
    3. Dyspnoea.
    4. Hsemoptisis.
    5. Cough and Expectoration.
    6. Hectic Fever.
    7. Asthma.
    8. Thoracic Pains.
    9. Diarrhoea.
   10. Night Sweats.
   11. Aphthae.
   12. (Edema.
   13. Bed Sores.
   That the animal nervous  system is involved, as
well as the organic, is shown to us by many patho-
logical facts.   For example:—when  the lungs are
involved, the functions of the vagi are greatly inter-
fered with, producing dyspnoea and asthma.  Brown
Sequard  found that if the base of the brain of an
animal was injured, it would-produce haemorrhage
in the lungs, showing the direct action of the pneu-
mogastric  nerve upon the capillary  vessels of the
lungs.
   This paresis, or innervation of  the lung capillary
vessels in almost all cases, commences in the apices
of the lungs, in the  lobules  that are used the least,
and the first organic lesion  in pulmonary tuberculo-
sis is always found in the apices of the lungs; the
capillary vessels of these fine  lobules become  con-
gested, tubercular  infiltration soon take place, with
softening, haemorrhage, followed by ulceration, with
all the other symptoms of phthisis.  The first pulmo-
nary haemorrhage of tuberculous individuals does not 
iETIOLOGY.                  13
come from healthy tissue, but from diseased lobules
of the lung.
   In every case of consumption, and other wasting
diseases, there is present from the first inception of the
malady, a marked inability to appropriate a normal
quantity of Oxygen by respiration. This may be owing
to structural defects;  confinement  indoors, in a viti-
ated atmosphere, nervous debility, or catarrhal dis-
eases of the air-passages.   Let the cause be what it
may, so soon as a normal quantity of Oxygen fails to
reach the blood and tissues, the digestive and assimi-
lative powers fail, followed by a feeble circulation of
the blood and mal-nutrition.  The earliest defect in
digestion is in the direction of fatty matters, for the
reason that there is not present a sufficient quantity
of Oxygen to utilize these foods. Every one hundred
parts of fat, requires two hundred  and ninety-five
parts of Oxygen for its perfect transformation into
tissue;  and failure to get Oxygen, means want of
power to digest fatty foods, consequently  there is a
steady waste of  tissues, with all that  this implies.
This is  true not only of carbonaceous foods, but of
all foods,  as the  quantity of  Oxygen present deter-
mines the capacity to digest any and every kind of
food. Now Carbon in the human system, as elsewhere
in nature,  is converted into potential energy only
when it meets with Oxygen. Carbon and Oxygen are
the great force producing elements of life; when these
are abundantly  furnished to the victim of wasting
disease, assimilation is stimulated and all kinds of
food can  soon be utilized. (If pure distilled rain
water is charged with Carbonic acid and drunk to su-
ralimentation, the system has just what it is praying
for, assimilation will be stimulated, and the tissues
will resume their  normal life  again.  Water is com- 
14         CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.

posed of Oxygen aud Hydrogen; the air, of Oxygen
and Nitrogen,  and with the  addition  of Carbonic
Acid, we have about  all the elements of the human
body;  and this is the scientific explanation why
water with the carbo-hydrates is so successful  in the
treatment of tuberculosis.)   But as soon as the func-
tions of the lungs are impaired and  we have feeble
respiiation, we also have a feeble circulation, and the
blood does not give off its Carbonic acid, which poi-
sons and retards nutrition,  producing loss of appe-
tite, and all the factors that go to produce tubercu-
losis.
   Tubercular Bacillus.— Dr. Koch's theory of the
bacillus as being the cause  of tubercular consump-
tion, has been accepted by  a great majority of our
profession. This beautiful, but impractical theory, I
have" tried hard  to accept,  but  after having read
about all that has been written upon it in the Eng-
lish language, I am sorry to  say, I cannot accept it.
To me, no more silly, and unscientific  craze has ever
found a foot-hold in scientific pathological medicine,
than this Bacillus Theory, and I predict, that  in ten
years from to-day, the great majority of physicians
that accept it now, will have discarded  it as a delu-
sion.  If Dr. Koch is right, these five corollaries nat-
urally grow out of it, viz.: contagion, aetiology, diag-
nosis prognosis and treatment are settled. But is this
a fact?  No, most emphatically no.  Is it  contagious?
No, and not over one-half of the physicians that ec-
cept the bacilli theory, believe  that it is.  But it
would be if they were right.  The intimate contact of
a wife with a husband dying with phthisis, or vice
versa, or the intimate contact of the nursling with a
phthisical mother or nurse;  the kisses of a tubercu-
lous mother;  or the  inhalation of the  breath and 
AETIOLOGY.
15
dried sputa from phthisical patients; or the infection
of the child's food with the bacilli.  All these, if it was
contagious,  would soon give us  positive  evidence.
But have they done so ? No. The best writers  on this
subject are none of them quite satisfied. In the Refer-
ence Hand Book  of  Medical  Science we read: "But
after all, the immense amount of clinical observation
on this point at the command of every experienced
practitioner, must convince us that the danger is far
less  than wrould  first  appear."   And Dr. H.  Von
Ziemssen says:  "We must, therefore, still cling  to
heredity as  the explanation of  the enormous fre-
quency of tuberculosis in the children of tuberculous
parents. Every day the physician sees tuberculosis
reap its rich harvest among the progeny of a tuber-
culous father  or mother.  The children of  such
parents grow up  scrofulous in childhood, and perish
tuberculous in youth.   We must wait for the expla-
nation of its contagion, for the further development
of our science." There is much evidence to show that
tuberculosis is exceedingly rare  among the  Jewish
nation.   Why?  Simply because  they spring from a
good, non-tuberculous stock, contagion and heredity
cannot effect them.
   Transmission of Phthisis in Married Life.—M.
Leudet  has occupied  himself with  collecting some
statistics on the question of whether a wife can give
phthisis to  her husband, or  a husband to his wife.
He has taken 112 widows and widowers, whose hus-
bands or wives respectively have died in undoubted
phthisis. Out of these seven were phthisical; but sev-
eral  of  them  had  facts in  their previous history,
before marriage, showing a phthisical tendency.  His
reference was, therefore, that  the transmission of
phthisis in married life must be very rare; even more 
16
CONSUMPTION AND  LIQUIDS.
rare in the upper classes than in the middle and
lower.  In 80 out of these 112 cases there was a fam-
ily history  which he could follow; and 27  of these
showed some members  who were phthisical.—The
Practitioner.
   The doctrine of the contagiousness of phthisis is
working a great evil in the outside world.  A case in
point: A nervous timid lady living in Chicago, has
been in the habit of  going every fall to Florida, and
spending the winter.  Last  summer she happened to
read in a paper that phthisis was very contagious. In
the fall she went as usual to Florida, and she met in
every hotel and boarding-house, numbers of phthisi-
cal patients, and the most that greeted her ears, was,
the constant coughing  of these patients; this  so
worked on her mind that she imagined there were in
every room, on  every wall and  in every bed, millions
of these wicked  and poisonous bacilli  laying in wait
for her, ready any moment to inoculcate her with con-
sumption.   She  became so terribly frightened that in
two wTeeks, packed her trunk and returned to  Chicago.
Now there are thousands of timid, but healthy peo-
ple just like this lady, where this nonsensical doctrine
is working a great  physical  injury.   Already the
State Board of Health of California has been greatly
exercised over this supposed danger.  It even sug-
gested in a recent bulletin, the advisability of estab-
lishing  a strict  quarantine  against  consumptives
until measures of isolation and disinfection  could be
undertaken.  The daily press has taken up this  ques-
tion, and the result is a monster scare all over the
State.
   I am perfectly satisfied that  phthisis  is not con-
tagious, but I can imagine, that, by simple contact
in nursing phthisical patients if the pus  and mucus of 
^ETIOLOGY.
17
 the phthisical person  were taken in large enough
 quantities, into  the system, it might be infectious;
 the same  as  a fly  might produce syphilis. If a fly
 should light  on  a syphilitic ulcer, crawl about and
 feed on it, then immediately light on the moist mucus
 membrane of a man's genitalia, the  result would be
 that he would have  syphilis.  Was the fly the cause
 of the syphilis?  Most  certainly not; it was simply
 the carrier of the poison.  The same might be the
 case with the tuberculous bacilli.  A  man can  never
 inhale enough of these bacilli by simply associating
 with a phthisical patient, to produce phthisis, but
 they might cause it  when injected directly into the
 tissues.
   The early diagnosis of pythisis is of the most vital
 importance to the patient, but the detection of tuber-
 culous bacilli at this stage of the disease is utterly im-
 possible: even in a later stage when extensive tuber-
 cular deposits exist,  often they cannot be found.  A
 case like this has just come under my  personal obser-
 vation. A. patient suffering with phthisis went to the
 eradiate professor of practice in Rush Medical Col-
 lege, he examined the sputa carefully  with the micro-
 scope, could find  no  bacilli, pronounced the case not
 phthisis, but chronic bronchitis, advised the patient
 to go to Denver, and he soon would be well.  He went
 to Denver, and came back a corpse  in seven weeks,
 having succumbed to genuine phthisis. Now this is a
 well educated  physician, second to none in the city,
 and if he cannot detect these bacilli in the advanced
 stages of  phthisis,   of wThat practical use is  this
 theory ?
   As to the value of the theory in prognosis, it has
 none.  Patients can be found by the score, going rap-
idly down, losing flesh and strength from day to day, 
  18          CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.

  whose expectoration  after  repeated microscopical
  examinations is found to contain but few, and often
  no bacilli, because of the cheesy matter not having
  entered the bronchi.  While on the other hand, large
  numbers of the bacilli might be found in the sput&- of
  of those whose disease was advancing but slowly, or
.  not at all.
    In regard  to treatment based on  the discovery o'
  the bacilli tuberculosis,  aside from cleanliness, it is
  pronounced by the best and most able living  physi-
  cians, as absolutely valueless, and in many cases
  harmful.  Antiseptics are only of value in the way of
  cleanliness and removing morbid secretions. The
  germicidal treatment with Iodoform, Corrosive Sub-
  limate,  Creosote, Acetate  of Lead,  Tannin and
  Benzoate of Soda, have been signal failures.
    The strongest argument that can be used against
  the bacillus theory, is this:  Cod Liver Oil has cured
  thousands of  cases  of  phthisis.  The  attenuated
  homoeopathic remedy has  cured  many thousands
  of cases,  and the suralimentation of liquids have
  cured many cases. Can any of these kill the bacilli
  tuberculosis?  The answer  is no; on the contrary,
  they  are decidedly  favorable  to the growth and
  propogation  of the  bacillus.  But how  do  they
  cure?  Why,  by so acting upon the  nerve filaments
  of organic life that nutrition is stimulated, and the
 tissues resume their normal functions again.
    Bacteria.—These Micro-organisms,schezomycetes,
 bacilli, or bacteria, are found everywhere; in the air,
 on the surface of the  ground, in our food, and in the
 water.  Of what use  are these  micro-organisms?
 Why,  of great use; some cause the fermentation  of
 the yeast plant;  some that of Alcohol;  some that of
 Acetic acid, and some that of putrefaction of dead 
ETIOLOGY.
19
animals  and  vegetables.  What are their uses in
man?  Why, they are man's true scavengers, and are
found wherever there is disease, with inflammation,
ulceration, or  decomposition in any of its forms.
Their food is  decomposition, and if it were not for
these micro-organisms  absorbing  the  poisonous
ptomains and gases produced by disease, man would
be destroyed from off the face of the earth.  Instead
of bacteria being a cause of disease, they are only the
effects, and are one  of  God's greatest blessings to
man. Pasteur rightly concluded, that bacteria are
necessary for the life of animals and plants; for with-
out their agency in the putrefactive disintegration of
dead bodies, the  higher  plants incapable of feeding
upon the complex molecules of dead animals  and
plants, would die. 
PROPHYLAXIS.
   Prophylaxis.—Here is where the  physician can
prove himself of absolute use to his patient.  It is in
the prophylaxis of this fatal disease, that the greatest
triumph of the fluid diet is shown. When a person
having a predisposition to consumption, with a deli-
cate constitution, shows signs  of defective nutrition,
with steady diminution in the weight  of the  body, it
has a decidedly unfavorable significance, and so much
the more, the more rapidly it progresses.  On the
contrary, a stead}T, though slowly increasing weight,
informs the patient that  his  condition is growing
more satisfactory, and he is physically walking away
from  consumption.  Just here, nothing  known  to
science up to the present moment, can equal the nutri-
ent fluids, to invigorate the debilitated constitution
and nourish the wasting tissues.   Nutrition is the
grand factor in the prevention  of tuberculosis.   If we
fail in nutrition, our patient is  lost. But if we succeed
in nutrition, to build up and fatten  the tissues, we can
hid defiance to that great destroyer, tuberculosis.  It
is always understood that with these fluids he should
eat in addition a well selected solid diet. AVhat favors
the development of tuberculosis?  Why,  very  little
recreation, no exercise in the open air, monotonous
diet, loss of sleep, confinement to the  atmosphere of
one ill-ventilated room, especially a badly ventilated
sleeping-room; mental disturbances, spiritual  strug-
                       20 
PROPHYLAXIS.                21
gles  and particularly  worry,  associated  with deep
remorse. This will soon produce anaemia muscular
weakness, dyspnoea, and tubercular infiltration of the
lungs.   Our prisons give  us fine examples  of these
truths.  Tuberculosis has a mortality three to four
times greater in prisons than among the free popula-
tion.
   The  most important prophgylactic measures to
take:  Instead of remaining in doors, out-door exer-
cise; instead of exhausting constant work in doors,
regular, not too exhaustive out-door exercise with
intervals of rest; instead of meagre fare, a generous
mixed  diet combined with a  large quantity of the
fluid, the fluid being taken, at least, every half-hour
between meals.  Joined with this, the patient should
sleep at least nine hours in the twenty-four.  If the
patient be  wealthy,  recreation should be  sought in
mountain or sea air.  The climbing of the mountain
will not only cause him to take deep respiration of
the purest air that can be found, but will increase his
lung capacity, something greatly to be desired in the
feeble-chested consumptive.   Nothing should be left
undone, that will increase and deepen the breathing
capacity of a phthisical patient.  Very important is
an erect carriage of the body, with gymnastic exer-
cise,  so as to develop the  muscles of the chest; also,
pure, fresh, unlimited amount of air, at all hours, at
all times, and in all places.   Pure  air is  not to be
found  in  crowded  habitations, in  work-shops, in
school-rooms, in church-rooms, in theatres, or in a
crowd  anywhere.
   It has been determined statistically, with regard to
the soldiers of the French and English armies, that the
number of phthisical affections rapidly  diminishes
with the beginning of war operations and manoeuvres, 
22
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
and rises at once with the return to peaceful life in
the barracks.  The German army undoubtedly owes
its  slight tuberculosis morbidity not alone to  the
careful selection  of recruits, and to the good hygenic
condition of the barracks, but chiefly to the marches
and other open-air exercises which  are carried out
regularly during the summer and  winter.
   "This is also true of all seminaries, orphan asy-
lums, and schools of a conventional character.  The
greater the interference with the  free movements of
the youthful individual, the more  frequent is tubercu-
losis in such institutions.  Fourcault's examples fur-
nish the most striking proof of this.  In fact, state
supervision of the hygiene of seminaries and similar
institutions,  especially  girls'  boarding-schools,  is
urgently required.  The degree  of  freedom  and  of
active out-door exercise among the youth is much too
small.  Even  in the public schools, especially the
middle  schools,  the youth suffer from  pedantic re-
striction of the enjoyment of fresh air in the intervals
between lessons, owing to the over-anxious care for
order and discipline.  At home also, the child  must
return to his lessons immediately after lunch.  There
are, no doubt, many bright yjupils who easily master
their home lessons in an hour,  and then have time for
walks, play, or instruction in music, but the average
pupil, if industrious, works the greater part  of the
afternoon and evening at his  lessons, and goes into
the open air very little, or not at  all.  How many
constitutions are destroyed yearly by this preposter-
ous mode of life.  Look a,t the pale, lean, boys and
girls as they leave school tired and  worn at the end
of the school day, and compare  them with English
boys and girls, who are permitted to enjoy every free
moment, in school as well as out,  in playing ball, 
PROPHYLAXIS.
23
climbing, wrestling, rowing, etc.  What a difference
in the complexion, the brightness  of the eyes, the
activity  of the bodily movements ?
   Methodical exercises in mountain-climbing, form an
extremely efficient curative agent in chronic pulmon-
ary disease, and are so much the more efficient, the
higher the plateau from which the patient starts, the
morerarified the air, and the slighter the atmospheric
pressure; and the more free from dust, fog, rain and
wind, the better.
   This methodical exercise  accelerates the  respira-
tion,  deepens  the breathing,  expands the lungs,
strengthens  and  develops  the  thoracic  muscles,
increases the circulation  in the lungs, thereby pro-
ducing perfect nutrition.  If no mountain is close by,
the patient should erect an inclined plane out in the
open air, twenty or more feet high, and make a regu-
lar business of walking slowly up and down  this
inclined  plane, from three to six times a day.  Each
exercise  should last until he becomes quite tired.
This will greatly increase  the lung capacity, thereby
producing perfect nutrition.   This inclined plane
can easily be
made out  of
common lum-
ber  in  this
shape,   with
small  cleats
nailed across
the plank, so
as to make the walking good. When the weather will
not permit of  this out-of-door  exercise,  open the
doors and windows to get good air, and then climb
your stairs in the house, in the same  methodical  way,
and  thus nutrition will be increased, and the  lung
 
24
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
capacity developed, although not so well as it would
be out  in the open atmosphere.  Select for  this in-
clined plane a spot where there will be much sunshine.
The amount of effort required, and the result should
be carefully noted, so that the patient's strength will
not be overtaxed.
   It is time that medical influence should  be extended
to securing sufficient physical recreation  to properly
develop muscular vigor.  These games and  exercise
should be taken in the open air, and so selected that
all the muscles of the body will be invigorated and
developed, especially those of the thorax, so that the
vital  capacity of the lungs will be constantly in-
creased.  This can be done by various gymnastic ex-
ercises, singing, playing wind instruments, base-ball,
turning, skating, running, swinging the Indian clubs,
tennis, hunting, horse-back riding, rowing, bicycling
and especially mountain climbing.
   The erect posture and the practice of  deep breath-
ing are of vital importance to those who  are the least
suspicious of an hereditary taint towrards tuberculosis.
(To those in moderate circumstances  that cannot
afford a trip to the mountains, or the sea-shore, an
excellent substitute is a stay in the country,  more or
less remote from the large cities, and every  moment
of favorable  weather must be spent in the open air).
   Physical  Culture Clubs  should be  formed by all
phthisical people to play lawn-tennis.  Playing lawn-
tennis is the  best open air physical exercise a woman
can take.  The best stimulant for nutrition is appro-
priate exercise, which by accelerating the circulation
and respiration, and thereby causing natural wast-
ing of the  tissues,  excites the demand for substance
to repair it.  The-object of respiration is constantly
to introduce into the  blood from  the  atmospheric 
PROPHYLAXIS.                25
air, a certain  amount of Oxygen, and constantly to
give off from the blood to the air a corresponding-
amount of Carbonic acid gas. Perfect nutrition, then,
is the perfect union of Oxygen with carbonic acid gas
in the lungs.   This calls for perfect ventilation in the
sick room. While the giving off of carbonic acid gas by
the lungs makes no impression upon the mass of the
atmosphere at large, it soon sensibly deteriorates the
amount of air inclosed in a moderate sized room, the
breathing of which is most destructive to  the phthis-
ical invalid.  Instead of inhaling only Oxygen and ni-
trogen, and expiring Carbonic acid gas and Nitrogen,
he takes in a sensible amount of Carbonic acid at each
inspiration, which prevents perfect combustion in the
lungs by poisoning  the arterial  blood, rendering it
unfit for nutrition;  the lungs become irritated and
burdened with loss of appetite, a wateiy condition of
the blood, and every condition of the system takes
place to hasten the disease to a fatal end.  A proper
ventilation of the rooms occupied by the patient is,
therefore, absolutely necessary, and this  especially
applies to the sleeping-room.  Mankind spend  one-
third of their  life  in sleep, while the invalid remains
in bed much longer.  How important, then, is it to
secure a pure breathing air during this period.

                        Paris, March 7th, 1890.
   Dr. Dujardin-Beaumetz read a report on a  work
by Dr.  Nicaise, at the last meeting of the Academy of
Medicine, in support of his candidateship as a mem-
ber of that learned  body, the subject  of the  work
being the treatment of phthisis  by the permanent
aeration of the  dwellings  occupied by  phthisical
patients, particularly the rooms in which they sleep:
this to be effected b}' keeping the windows constantly 
26
CONSUMPTION AND  LIQUIDS.
ajar, even in winter, measures being at the same time
taken to prevent the patients being cold.  Dr. De'tt-
weiler has proved that phthisical patients can live in
the open air.  In the establishment at Falkenstein,
of an altitude of one thousand three hundred and
twelve feet, in  the midst of woods, the phthisical
patients pass their time in the open air in all seasons.
The results obtained are very favorable.  It is reck-
oned that there  are twenty-five per cent, of absolute
cures, and  twenty-seven  per cent,  of relative cures.
Aeration is therefore very useful for tuberculous sub-
jects.  The researches of Dr. Nicaise have shown that
at Carabaul a room with a southern  aspect and a
temperature which at sunset was 14° C, the window
having  been  left wide open all day, could be main-
tained at about 10° C. during the  night, even when
the temperature fell to  2°  C, if the shutters  were
closed and if the windows were left ajar about thirty
or forty centimetres.  In these conditions the aera-
tion of the room, which was provided with a chimney,
was perfect, and the temperature very acceptable, pro-
vided that the patient is  warmly covered in his bed.
These points are very important.  It is true that the
aii- respired by tuberculous subjects does not contain
bacilli, but with them, as with healthy subjects, the
expired air contains irrespirable gases; and  the re-
searches of MM.Brown-Sequard and d'Arsonvnl have
shown the  existence of volatile products and  of tox-
ines.  These substances are dangerous to breathe;
they end by accumulating  in  the rooms  where the
aeration is imperfect; it  is therefore very important
to get  rid of them.  Dr. Dujardin-Beaumetz  thinks
that it will be good practice to accustom phthisical
patients gradually to live in an atmosphere properly
renewed, which may be affected by certain arrange- 
                   PROPHYLAXIS.                27

ments which should not inconvenience the  inmates.
He adds that the non-success of specific medications
in tuberculosis should engage us  to ameliorate the
hygiene  of tuberculous subjects.  To procure them
proper aeration would  be a real  progress, but this
must not be considered sufficient, and he concludes
his report by insisting on the necessity of associating
to  the hygienic means a rational pharmaceutical
treatment.
   In cases of great weakness, emaciation  and loss of
appetite, when tuberculosis is not  active, massage of
the muscles of the  body can be practiced with great
benefit, and frequently  with  decided gain in weight
and appetite, with improved digestion.
   The choice of the life  occupation, to  those who
have a tubercular predisposition, is of vital import-
ance.  Those  occupations are to  be selected which
will  bring the patient in constant contact  with the
fresh out-door air,  and maintain  the muscular and
respiratory systems in vigorous action.  I would first
of all, select the occupation of a butcher for a phthis-
ical patient, and have him do his  own slaughtering.
The act  of taking life  cultivates vitativeness, and
every animal he kills adds new life to his,  as nothing
else will,  known to man.  Others favorable, are farm-
ing,  forestry, gardening, marine service, military ser-
vice, theology and medicine.  In the latter, the whole
world is open to him and it is the  best profession he
can follow.
   Avoid those occupations  which  entail constant
stay in the impure air of closed rooms, and insufficient
muscular activity; and  a sudden change from life in
the open air to that of indoors, is  particularly  to be
avoided.
   The prophylaxis against phthisis should date from 
28
CONSUMPTION AND  LIQUIDS.
birth.  An infant should not nurse a mother who is
consumptive, or whose milk is of poor  quality.  If a
healthy wet-nurse  cannot be secured, the bottle and
cow's or  goat's milk  will be better for the child.
Phthisical patients should not live on a low humid
soil, or work underground in mines from which light,
as well as pure air, is excluded. A deficiency of good
wholesome food is  another exciting cause of phthisis.
They should not breathe air laden with foul vapors,
or fine particles of dust.  Avoid hot crowded apart-
ments, and sudden changes in temperature.  All sit-
ting and sleeping rooms should be provided with fire-
places, and never left long without a fire.
   Flannels  should be worn next the  skin the year
round, selecting white or  bluish-white.  The  white
flannel permits  a  free  escape of  Carbonic  acid gas,
while red and other dark colors interfere  with its es-
cape. The supposed liability to, and danger of, catch-
ing cold often leads phthisical patients to wear an
over-plus of clothing.  When they strip for examina-
tion of the chest, not unfrequently they remove two
or three undershirts, a woolen or fur chest-protector,
an oil-silk jacket, or chamois-skin  vest.  The body is
kept in constant perspiration by these articles. They
occasion, not only discomfort, but debility.  Comfort
should be the  governing principle in clothing.  Art-
icles of dress should be adapted to the seasons and to
changes of temperature so as to secure comfort.  This
should be the guide to the patient, so as to avoid an
over-plus  of clothing.  The underclothing should be
of white flannel, or lambs wool, encasing the whole
body and lower extremities, with woolen socks or
stockings, the  feet  of which should always be white.
During the summer months the under flannel should
be made of  lighter material.   During out-door exer- 
PROPHYLAXIS.                29
 cise, as carriage riding, the patient must prevent the
 chilling effect of radiation from his body, by wrap-
 ping up warmly in rugs and furs, with heat to the
 feet.  It is very important to keep the arms warm
 days, and especially nights.  Cold arms act as refrig-
 erators to  the  blood immediately before it is dis-
 charged into the heart and lungs.
   Hydro-Therapeutics.— This  is an  important
 agent in the prophylaxis of phthisis, as well as in its
 more advanced stages.  Water, in its various forms,
 is the best, simplest, and most acceptable means for
 strengthening and hardening a feeble body, which is
 predisposed to catarrhs and colds.  Even the simple
 rubbing of the entire surface, immediately after rising
 from bed, with a wet cold cloth,  accustoms the  skin
 to sudden cooling, exercises the  neuro-muscular sys-
 tem of  the  peripheral arteries to  prompt reaction,
 and acts as a thermic irritant  centripitally on the
 central nervous system;  and from thence acts eccen-
 trically, stimulating the innervation and functions  of
 respiration, circulation and digestion.  The tempera-
 ture of the water should range from 90° F. to 40° F.,
 commencing with the high for one-half  a minute, and
 ending with the low temperature occupying one min-
 ute. The rubbing  should be brief and the cloth
 should be well rung out;  our object being to exercise
 a thermic and mechanical irritation on  the cutaneous
 nerves, and vessels, and not to withdraw considerable
 heat from the body.  This would happen if much cold
 water were left in the cloth, and it should be entirely
 warmed at the expense of the bodily heat.  In feeble
 individuals,  whose appetite and  assimilation  are be-
low par, add to the water, after  the third week, one-
half to one  pound of common salt, and one-quarter
of litre of mother-lye to  one quart of water, making 
 30          CONSUMPTION AND  LIQUIDS.

 an artificial brine.  This exercises a more vigorous
 and prolonged stimulus on the nervous system, than
 the simple thermal irritant, and, like the  action of
 the brine bath, increases the nutritive changes and the
 desire for food.
    These rubbings may be carried out  even in  the
 poorest families, entail no expense, and  are adapted
 to every occupation  of the  patient, in  as much  as
 they are performed in the morning immediately after
 rising, after which the patient may dress, eat break-
 fast, and then attend to his work.  He is advised  to
 exercise in the open air, if the weather permits, and
 he should not take breakfast until half an hour later.
 Very delicate individuals, particularly women, may
 be permitted to take a cup of warm coffee, or tea, be-
 fore the rubbing.
    Patients who have no attendant to perform the
 mechanical work of rubbing, must rub themselves, as
 well as they can, with large towels or obtain an appa-
 ratus  for a shower douche.  The shower  bath does
 not entirely replace the rubbing, because the intense
 mechanical irritation and the uniform application, to
 the entire surface, are wanting, but it is nevertheless
 a valuable means of hardening and strengthening the
 body.
   The effect of this simple procedure,  which may be
 varied in different ways, is one of the best that can be
 attained by the  physician.  It removes the sensitive-
 ness to changes of temperature, wind, and moisture,
 and the tendency to colds,  removes  the  constant
gentle perspiration, the everlasting nasal and bron-
chial  catarrh, the  rheumatic disposition,  etc.  It
gives to the body freshness and elasticity, which can
only be  secured in  a similar way by brine or sea
baths.  In sea bathing,  the chemical  and  thermal 
PROPHYLAXIS.                31
 action of the cold salt water and the mechanical irri-
 tation of the movement of the waves, come into play,
 together with the rapid movement of the air, which
 is almost free from dust and  bacteria while rich in
 water and chlorid of sodium.  All these factors stim-
 ulate  and  invigorate  the nervous  system,  and
 through it all the functions  of the organism, particu-
 larly the appetite,  nutrition;  and of the respiratory
 apparatus, which is forced  to take deep respirations
 and whose epithelium is strengthened by the rapid
 motion and the quality of the air.
   A full warm  bath should be taken by  the patient
 two or three times a week.
   Climate.—The selection of a suitable climate for a
 phthisical patient is a matter of considerable import-
 ance.  What is really required is a cool temperate
 climate in an elevated  country free from great alter-
 ations of temperature, which should range from 55°
 to 05° F. during the day,  and from  45° to 55°  at
 night.  There should be a clear bright sun, as much
 as possible, with but little moisture in the  air.   In
 such a climate exercise can be taken daily, in the open
 invigorating atmosphere,  which  will greatly aid
 nutrition.  In this  country  this climate can be best
 found in the elevated  mountain slopes of Colorado,
 New Mexico,  Texas, California and Georgia. To a
 less extent in Virginia, Kentucky, Adirondacks, Mich-
igan, Florida, South Carolina, Louisiana and Minne-
 sota. The foreign resorts are in Egypt, Algiers, Nice,
 Mentone, Nassau, Lima, Rio Janeiro,  Cuba and the
 West India Islands.
   The essential requisite to  a favorable climate is a
high altitude, of from 4000 to 8000 feet above the
 ocean level, where we have  the elements of dryness,
equability, and  a  pure rarefied atmosphere.   A 
32          CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
patient who in health has found cold weather more
favorable  to   vigor  and well-being,  than  warm
weather, will be likely to find a  cold climate  more
beneficial than a warm climate, and vice versa ; and a
cold climate is  better suited to men than to women.
In many patients it will be found that the agencies
by which a favorable influence  is  exerted relate to
accessory or incidental circumstances more than to
purely climatic conditions. Climate has no  specific
influence in arresting phthisis, but through  the ex-
hilarating  influence of a pure dry rarefied  atmos-
phere, respiration is increased, and this increases the
systemic circulation,  which greatly stimulates and
increases nutrition; and hi this way, the phthisical
patient is benefited.  But to  get this benefit, daily
appropriate exercise  out of door must  be insisted
upon.  A protected  place should be selected, and the
party should live in a  tent as  much as possible.
When a change of climate proves beneficial, the partv
should not leave it for at least five years.  Experience
has taught us, that to those patients benefited by  a
change of climate, if they return as soon as benefited,
the disease will return with such fury that nothing
will stay its progress but death.
   Patients should never be sent from home when the
disease is in active  progress, with high temperature
great emaciation   muscular  feebleness,  cough  and
night sweats, etc.  For when they leave  home, they
leave all the comfort that a home implies, to suffer
many deprivations  of luxuries, that loving kindred
would be rejoiced to do, and to die among strangers.
   General Conclusions.—The  testimony  of the
physicians  in Denver and  at  Colorado Springs was
this: That the high altitude is specially recommended
for (1) early phthisis, or where there is a  tendency to 
PROPHYLAXIS.
33
this from hereditary predisposition;  (2) hgemorr-
hagic phthisis;  (3) chronic pleurisy, where after re-
moval of the fluid the lung does not expand, and in
chronic pneumonia where the consolidation is not re-
moved ; and  (4) the second stage of the disease when
it appears to be quiescent and there is no evidence of
rapid disintegration.  The patients  who should not
be sent, are  those who  suffer from heart  disease,
chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or where with phthisis
in the first two stages, there is any nervous irritation
and  sleeplessness, or affection of the kidneys.  They
were also pronounced on  a  crucial question — viz,
that there was not complete recovery, except in the
incipient stage;  that there wras only a  drying up of
the tubercular deposit, which would again  become
active if the patient return, for however brief a time, to
a climate which was variable and moist.  The con-
tinuance of the dry aseptic air was essential, and dis-
regard of this fact, led to a rapidly fatal issue.   The
patient, male or female, in whose case the phthisis is
arrested, must necessarily live permanently in  Colo-
rado, or a high altitude.  Fortunately  this State is
young,  and  there is room for all, and  with renewed
vitality and  vigor the no longer invalid can  find
something to do,  either in the open air or in  some
in-door employment.
  Whatever  change the patient should make, and
wherever  he  should  live, he must ever persevere to
keep his system filled with fluids by taking  fluid in
some of its manifold forms every hour of the day.
Drinking nourishing fluids should ever be before him
as his life work, and go where he will, do what he  may,
drinking fluids must be first at all times, and in all
places.
  Oxygen Gas.— The inhalation of Oxygen is a pro-
      3 
34          CONSUMPTION  AND LIQUIDS.

phylactic  of great value in people predisposed to
phthisis.  One of the first and most marked effects of
Oxygen gas is stimulation of the digestive and assim-
ilating organs.  When it is inhaled three gallons at a
time should be taken three times a day.  The appe-
tite is greatly increased  and the whole system invig-
orated to a marked degree, especially when this treat-
ment is accompanied with active open-air exercise.
   Dr.  S. S. Wallen says: "Oxygen will be found of
service in the following classes of cases:  First, those
in which, from some obstruction. in the air-passages,
an insufficient  supply of Oxygen is allowed to enter
the lungs, as in croup, constriction of the larynx or
trachea, asthma, accumulation of mucus in the  tra-
chea, or bronchi during coma, or severe bronchitis.
Second, where  the lung is consolidated from either
pneumonia  or  tubercular  deposit,  or in a state of
atelectasis, or compressed by pleuritic accumulation,
so that only a portion of the lung is pervious to air.
Oxygen is competent to render great assistance to
consumptives, at the beginning of that period which
we will call the dyspeptic stage, when  the  patient
coughs but little, grows thin, has no  relish for  any-
thing, and is suffering from difficult or imperfect di-
gestion.  Especially useful in  asthmatic lymphatic
subjects with bronchial dilatation."
   Oxygenated Water.—A combination of  Oxygen
and Nitrous oxide gases.  Three parts Oxygen to one
of the  Nitrous oxide gases.  Three parts Oxygen to
one of the Nitrous oxide, forms a valuable prophy-
lactic in phthisis.  If pure distilled water is charged
with these gases, under  a  pressure of  200 pounds, it
takes up more  of the gases than any other  form of
water.  The Nitrous oxide gives piquancy to the
taste, and makes a very palatable drink.  When this 
PROPHYLAXIS.
35
water is taken as a beverage, one pint once in three
hours, the results are almost  incredible, increasing
the strength, appetite and spirits, to a remarkable
degree; in this way acting as a valuable prophylactic
and curative agent  in phthisis, and diseases of the
digestive  organs, this gas  being absorbed into the
portal venous  system, enters the right side of the
heart and thus  is carried  directly to the lungs.  A
drug administered by inhalation is absorbed by the
vessels of the bronchial tubes and these do not lead
into the lung-tissue,  but away from it, passing to the
root of the  lung.  And  moreover, a  volatile drug
taken in with the respired air is not actively carried
farther  into the lung than  the normal tidal air, if it
is carried so far, so that  if it get to the  end of the
bronchial tube, it would have to diffuse like the rest
of the air in order for this result to be accomplished.
And this  is a strong reason against  an  antiseptic
drug, taken by inhalation, ever reaching the phthis-
ical consolidation of the lung,  and as  a matter  of
fact, there is no evidence in favor of phthisical consol-
idation being beneficially affected by the  inhalation
of drugs.  Then the only scientific way to administer
drugs is, either by the mouth or rectum.  And this
explains why gases introduced in drinking water,  or
administered by the rectum, are so efficient. Through
the portal circulation, it is all actually poured directly
into the lung and there does its curative work in the
diseased tissues.
   Carbonic Acid Water.—Carbonic acid water is the
product of the solution of Carbon dioxide (carbonic
acid gas) in water.  In such solution there is a chem-
ical union between the gas and the water, molecule
for molecule.   At the ordinary pressure of the atmos-
phere, water absorbs about one volume  of Carbon 
36
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
dioxide, but under a pressure of two hundred pounds,
will take up as much as ten volumes of the gas, soda
water  contains  from  five to ten  volumes of C02.
Beer, mineral  waters, sparkling wines and  all effer-
vescing liquors,  owe their life to this gas.  Carbon-
ated water is a valuable and pleasant water to drink.
Like all acids, it tends to excite the secretion of saliva
and buccal mucus, and so  relieves thirst more perma-
nently than plain water, and it is peculiarly grateful
to the stomach, tending to  allay nausea and expell-
ing flatus.  It increases the rapidity of the absorp-
tion of water in the intestinal canal, as is shown by
the fact that  water containing Carbonic acid is ex-
creted by the kidneys much  sooner after it has been
 drunk than water without it.  Carbonic acid is in
 greater quantities in the large intestine than in the
 small, and part of theCO:, after introduction into the
 stomach, passes into the blood and is excreted by the
 lungs.
    Natural  waters charged  with  CO,,  and  drank
 freely, are a valuable prophylactic in phthisis; and if
 the CO. could be added  to all  the  liquids taken it
would greatly facilitate the cure of phthisis.  Milk
charged with this acid is not only preserved thereby,
but many times more valuable.  Every hospital for
consumptives  should  be  supplied  with  the whole
apparatus  necessary for  charging  all the liquids
taken  by the patients, witht his gas or with Oxygen
gas, associated with  the Nitrous oxide. Seventy-five
dollars will buy the whole outfit, which would be ex-
tremely valuable to  the patients.  If the patient is
troubled with  rheumatism,  C02  is  still more called
for.  The inhalation of C02 often acts beneficially in
asthma.
   Carbonic Acid in Phthisis.—Dr. Hugo Weber de- 
PROPHYLAXIS.
37
scribes a novel wray of treating consumption, in the
Berlin, klin. Wochenschrift, Sep. 2d, 1890.  This con-
sists in administering a teaspoonful to the patient,
of Bicarbonate of soda before meals and following it
with a  glass of water  containing twelve drops of
Muriatic acid.  There is generated about half a pint
(270 cc.) of C02 which is gradually absorbed and ex-
haled by the lungs.  Weber  reports  in  some detail
nine cases favorably affected by this treatment.
  From one to four quarts  of carbonated water
should be taken daily.
  Those that inherit the phthisical  diathesis, and
those afflicted with phthisis,  as well as all lean, thin,
spare people, with but little adipose tissue, should be
great drinkers of water  in its  manifold forms.  But
fleshy, well built people,  well  padded with fat, do not
need so  much wTater and should take it sparingly.
  Prevention  of  Inter-marriages  Between
Phthisical Subjects.—One of the greatest. prophy-
lactics of phthisis known to  man, would be the abso-
lute prevention of people predisposed to consump-
tion to marry.  This can,  and should be done, by an
act of Congress.  No person, male or female,  with a
feeble physical make-up, where one, and especially both
of the parents have died  of phthisis, or is suffering
from constitutional syphilis, should be allowed  to
marry, under any circumstances whatever.   We do
not hesitate  to improve  our  stock  among horses,
cattle, sheep, hogs, dogs ami fowls, by castration or
death of the sickly feeble ones, allowing none to breed
but the finest, and those that have every mark of ab-
solute physical health. Now if the same thing was done
to man  that is done to the lower animals by our
National Government, one hundred years from now
that fell destroyer, consumption, would be well-nigh 
38          CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.

stamped out, and we would have our land peopled
with a set of men and women of such physical health,
that all nations would bow down and worship them,
   I would have an act of Congress passed, so that it
would become a national law and could be enforced,
to this effect:
   I.  Each party wishing to marry should go to a
reliable physician and pass  a rigid  medical examina-
tion,  and answer, under oath, the following ques-
 tions:
    1.  Are you physically a healthy man and woman?
    2.  Are both of your parents living, and healthy ?
 If one or both parents are dead, what was  the cause
 of their death?
    3.  Has either, or both, of your  parents had con-
 sumption? If so, how  long, and have one or both
 died  with it?  (If one, and especially both of the
 parents, have died with phthisis, the parties are un-
 marriageable.)
    4.  Has one, or both,  of the parties ever had con-
 stitutional syphilis?  (If so, marriage is absolutely
 barred.)
    5.  Is either or  both, of the parties habitually in-
 temperate?  (Intemperance in either or both parties,
 should preclude marriage.)
    II. If both parties are declared physically healthy,
 a medical license is granted and issued, which is to be
 taken to an official, that has graduated in medicine,
 and after he has examined them the same as the first
 physician, and they are  found physically sound and
 qualified for matrimonial relations, a marriage license
 is granted.
   111. I would  allow no  one to perform the sacred
ri«'ht of marriage but well educated  licensed ministers
ofthe Gospel.  No Justice of the Peace, or politician, 
PROPHYLAXIS.
39
should be allowed to perform this sacred right.  The
minister should be well drilled at  college in all the
physical laws pertaining to  health, so that he could
at a glance form an opinion whether, physically, the
parties  applying  should be allowed to  marry.  A
minister that is found guilty of marrying. parties,
either one of whom is predisposed to tuberculosis, or
has had constitutional  syphilis, or is habitually in-
temperate, should loose his license, and be put out of
the ministry. 
DIET.
   Diet.— This is one of the most  difficult, and  at
the same time, one of the most practical subjects the
physician is called upon to decide in the treatment of
phthisis. Shall it be a  vegetable diet, or animal diet,
or a mixed diet?  So far as I  am able to judge, a
mixed diet will prove the  most beneficial  to the
largest number of patients,  but many will be found
where a vegetable diet will  prove the most  useful.
There being such  a loss of the potash salts  in
phthisis, a diet should be selected that would replace
this loss, and that will be found in a vegetable diet.
Potash is nature's true solvent for urea and uric acid,
and this consideration is  a strong factor in the selec-
tion of a vegetable diet.  In all cases  where a mixed
diet is used, vegetable should  greatly predominate
over the animal.
   Different experimenters have found that a normal
food must  not consist of one  element exclusively;
whether nitrogenous, starchy or fatty; further, as no
one food contains the different essential principles in
the necessary  proportions,  a mixed  diet must  be
employed,  and the nature  of this  diet  must  vary
with the manner of  living, and the climate and the
seasons.  The necessary Nitrogen and Carbon will be
best and most economically obtained from a mixed
dieta^.
   As a rule, animal food  should be in the proportion
                        40 
DIET.
41
of one to four of vegetable.  Thus  two pounds of
bread and three-fourths pounds of beef will  supply
the necessary amounts of Carbon and Nitrogen which
would  require over six pounds of meat and more
than four pounds of bread alone.  Bread would give
too much Carbon, and the meat too much Nitrogen.
For a  healthy man, his food taken in twenty-four
hours should  contain from 4000 to  5000 grains of
Carbon, and from 250 to 3000 grains of Nitrogen.
The Nitrogen is  furnished  from animal  diet  of
albumen, fibrin, casein,  legumin,  etc.  The Carbon
from the Hydro-carbons, Carbo-hydrates,  starches,
sugar,  etc.
   The dynamic value of a food depends on its  rich-
ness in easily assimilable proteids, and its calorific
value on  the quantity of heat it produces when burnt
in the  organism.  The digestibility of a food must
also be taken in  considera,tion.   Great differences
exist in the  absorption  of different foods; thus, rye
bread,  potatoes, and green vegetables produce large
quantities of  fresh  and dry  excrement; while white
bread, fresh  meat, and eggs are absorbed to a greater
extent, and  are therefore more valuable.  Fat of but-
ter is easier of digestion than bacon fat, and should
be freely eaten by the phthisical. The carbo-hydrates
are easily assimilated when contained in white bread,
rice and macaroni; but  with  more difficulty  from
potatoes, rye bread and turnips, and Nitrogen is
more easily absorbed from meat, eggs and  animal
substances generally, but with more difficulty  from
rye bread and vegetables.  (Rubner.)
   The constituent parts of the human body are
gaseous, liquid and  solid.  Of the  gases, Oxygen,
Nitrogen and Carbonic acid are the chief.  These are
in a state of solution in the  liquids, the largest pro- 
 42          CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.

 portion consisting of water, holding in solution dif-
 ferent  acids,  salts and  organic bodies.  Now this
 explains the great value of the liquids introduced into
 the system by my method of treatment.  When these
 fluids have commingled with them some of the carbo-
 hydrates, they practically contain about all the body
 is composed of, and are in such  a state of solution
 that the system assimilates them at once, with but
 little labor  on the part of the assimilating organs.
 Another thing that forces itself upon us, is the fact,
 that if we take simple water and highly charge it
 with Carbonic acid gas, we have in it alone almost all
 of the chemical constituents of the human body.  No
 wonder that water constitutes our greatest food.
.What is food?  Any substance capable of replacing
 any of the body waste, or maintains any vital pro-
 cess. All the tissues being composed of over three
 quarters water, explains why water is the most im-
 portant food we have.  I wrould then classify food in
 the following six classes:
    1. Water.
    2. Carbo-hydrates, Starches and Sugar.
    3. Albuminoids, Animal Foods.
    4. Hydro-carbons, or Fats.
    5. Salts, Mineral Substances.
    6. Air or Gaseous Food.
    Carbo-hydrates.—Under these  are  found  the
 starchy, amyloid, or farinaceous,  and the saccharine
 elements of our food, and in the treatment of phthisis
 they occupy the first place as a food to build up the
 Wasting tissues of the body.
    Starch consists of Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen
 (having the formula of  CflN10O5) and is  found in
 all cereals used  for the food of man; as wheat, oats,
 barley, maize, rye, rice, buckwheat, peas, beans, pota- 
DIET.                    43
toes,  sago,  tapioca,  arrowroot, carrots, parsnips,
turnips, etc.
   Starch is not only the food of man but also of the
plant. Take a grain of any cereal, it contains starch,
albuminoid matter and earthy salts. When the plant
germinates, the starch is converted into sugar, as the
plant requires it by the action of the  diastaste (an
albuminous ferment) as the seedling  grows.  Man
takes for his own use the food that the plant has
stored up for its own young.
   The carbo-hydrates by the act of  digestion, be-
come the great fuel food of our bodies.  How do they
do this?
   1.  The saliva converts starch into grape sugar.
   2.  The gastric juice, Albuminus into acid album-
ates, and then into proteids.
   3.  The pancreatic juice, Starch  into dextrine and
grape sugar; Albumens into globulin substance, and
then peptone, leucin, tyrosin, aspartic  acid;  and fats
into glycerine and fatty acids, partly saponifying
them.
   4. The bile (of which is secreted about two and a
half  pounds every  twenty-four hours)  assists the
pancreatic juice in digesting the  fats and  acids in
their absorption.
   5. The intestinal juice completes the digestion. As
the more or less  disintegrated starch  granules pass
along the small intestines, they become fully dissolved
into grape sugar, which passes into the blood of the
portal vein.
   6. When the soluble grape sugar, whether derived
from starchy or  saccharine elements of our food, it
matters not, passes into the portal vein, and thence
into the liver.  Here it is dehydrated, or turned back
into glycogen, or animal starch,  and stored up for 
44
CONSUMPTION AND  LIQUIDS.
the bodily needs.  This grape sugar forms the fat, or
adipose tissue, of the body. Carbo-hydrates  then
furnish the glycogen or body-store of fuel in the liver.
The liver stores  up  from each  meal  so  much of
glycogen, and gives it off as  required.   The muscles
have  also their  little stores of  glycogen.   This
insoluble stored up glycogen is given off as required
and burnt upas lactic acid in the form of soluble grape
sugar with Soda and Lactate of soda; and in this way,
the carbo-hydrates become the great fuel food of the
body.
   Starch, sugar and dextrine are easily assimilated,
the gums and cellulose with difficulty.  As force-pro-
ducers they possess a very high dietetic value, and as
great store houses of potential energy they may be
regarded as the intimate, though  not necessarily the
direct sources of heat  as  well as muscular energy.
The potential energy  of the fats, however, is much
greater than  that of the cardo-hydrates, developing
more than twice as much heat.
   Albuminoids or Nitrogenous Foods.—The  chief
of these  are  the  Albumens.   The most important
single element in nitrogenous food is the albumen.
It contains nutrative material in a, condensed and
easily assimilated form; its composition is almost
identical with the albumens of blood and the animal
tissues.   Rich albuminous foods are found  in the
flesh of all animals, fowl, fish, eggs, oysters, milk, etc.,
and to a smaller extent in most of our cereals.  The
vegetable albumens  are not so rich  in Carbon  as
the animal albumens, but are richer in Nitrogen.  This
accounts for  their  less  nutrative value  and the
greater  difficulty in their assimilation.  They are,
however, like eggs and fish, very rich in Phosphorus.
It may be stated generally that vegetables  are more 
DIET.
45
 difficult and slower of digestion than most animal
 foods but when  combined  with animal in suitable
 quantities, digestion is much easier amd assimilation
 more perfect.  Albuminoids are digested exclusively
 in the gastric juice of the stomach, of which is secreted
 every twenty-four hours, from 16 to 31 pounds,  or
 an average of 20 pints, or about 18 ounces per hour.
 The carbo-hydrates and  fats are there untouched.
 An albuminoid previous to  digestion is termed a-
 "proteid." When digested in the stomach a  "pep-
 tone."  This peptone then passes into the intestines
 and from  there into the  portal venules, where it is
 dehydrated and once more made a proteid  in the
 portal blood.  When this does not  take place prop-
 erly, the peptone appears in the urine as albuminaria,.
 When the  albuminoid matters reach the liver a por-
 tion of them is elaborated into the serum-albumen of
 the liquor sanguines for the nutrition of the tissues.
 Most people daily eat more nitrogenous food than their
 bodies actually require. This surplus is called the luxus
 consumption.  What becomes of this luxus consump-
 tion?  It is burnt up, and  oxidized in a descending
 series  as  tyrosin, lucin,  kreatine, kreatinine, then
 passing on to uric acid and  urea; and so long as the
 liver possesses the  power of converting this  luxus
 consumption into soluable urea,  all is well.  Soluable
 urea passes out of the liquor sanguines in the renal
 secretion without any difficulty, but not so uric acid;
 uric acid is the poison of gout, and when an excess of
 it  is formed  in the S3^stem, lithemia, cholcemia or
 biliousness supervenes, or the kidneys become injured
by the out-put of lithates  and Bright's disease is the
result.   Cholcemia  and lithaemia are equally and
alike, casually related to the albuminoid elements Of
 our food.   Those who lead  an invalid or sedentary 
46          CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.

life, should never eat much meat, especially those ad-
vancing in age, for most of the diseases which fasten
on the  body as  age approaches,  are casually linked
with the excessive  use of an albuminoid diet.  In con-
clusion, with regard to albuminous food, "it may be
stated,  in general terms, that wherever vital opera-
tions are going on, their nitrogenous matter is to be
found,  the operations  of life occurring through its
instrumentality.   The nitrogenous tissues which are
the machines for living actions, have first to be con-
structed and then maintained.   Accordingly, nitro-
genous  food  is required for the construction, as well
as the  maintenance,  of the tissues.   Hard work is
best performed with an abundant supply of proteids,
as this  leads to a better nourished condition of the
animal  machine, and  its compound parts, such as
muscle,  etc., and to keep up this good  condition, for
work, a liberal supply of nitrogenous food is abso-
lutely essential.  In addition to supplying the nitro-
genous  waste, and forming one of the  great sources
of fat in the  economy, the proteids excite the meta-
bolic  activity of the  body, and  hence they are not
stored up so readily as the fats and carbo-hydrates."
(T. C. Cartes, M. d'.)
   Hydro-carbons or Fats.—The fourth great  ele-
ment  of our food is fat derived both from the animal
and vegetable kingdoms, and is composed of stearin,
palmitin and olein.  The first two being solid at
ordinary temperatures, are held  in solution by the
olein at the temperature  of the body. Fat can be
readily  broken up into a fatty acid, and glycerine.
The fatty acids are three, stearic, palmetic and oleic.
Stearine is the firmest fat, readily solidifying in a low
temperature,  palmitin next, while olein still remains
liquid.  Animal fat contains more stearine than that 
DIET.
47
of vegetables.  Mutton and beef suet quickly get hard,
and the more stearine a fat contains the harder it is
to digest.
  "Fat is not affected by salivary,  nor yet by gas-
tric digestion.  It is only when gastric digestion is
over,  and fat  comes into contact with the bile and
the pancreatic secretions, that any change is affected
in it.  The change is not molecular, like the hydration
of carbo-hydrates and albuminoids; but is merely an
emulsification, i. e., a division into minute particles.
These small particles are fine enough to enter the
mouths of the lactels in the nitestinal villi, which may
be said to eat the fat globules.  From thence the
emulsionized fat passes on to the lymphatics.  The
history of fat in the body after this is obscure; we
know that some of it is taken up by the tissues, and
the rest is burnt up as  body fuel (and passes  off as
C02).  There is no proof of fat being stored up  in the
body as  fat.  Indeed, Ebestein  has advocated the
substitution of  fat for  carbo-hydrates in the  treat-
ment of obesity; and that, too, with success.
   " The difficulty with fat lies with the stomach.  A
delicate fastidious stomach is  offended by the pres-
ence  of fat in it; and this reacts upon the palate.
Some stomachs  will tolerate  cold  butter,  which
promptly and pronouncedly  take  offense at  warm
fat.  Rancid fat is  objectionable to  civilized  stom-
achs,  and compels the  most scrupulous attention to
all culinary utensils.  With some persons, fat turns
rancid in the stomach  by the formation of an acrid
acid-butyric, causing heart-burn. There is a growing
dislike to fat, especially animal fat, at the present
time. Many children will no more eat fat than they
will a cat.  They will turn with loathing from  the
sweet pieces of fat on their plates, yet they will read- 
48          CONSUMPTION  AND LIQUIDS.

ily  swallow fishy  cod-liver oil.  Their choice is in-
stinctive, and evidently linked with the fact that they
can digest the one and  not the other."   Intelligent
persons are now eating fat because they know  it is
good for  them.  Whenever there is any  tendency to
tubercle, the individual should learn to eat  fat,  just
as a sea-faring man learns to swim. As  a physician
to a Chest Hospital, I have learned  to dread the an-
nouncement that fat is not longer taken,  especially if
the individual is of a strumous build, with  a small
narrow chest.   In my opinion of a considerable area
of affected lung, where the digestive powers  keep up,
is less fraught with evil,  and less  prognostically sig-
nificant, than  intractable wasting with little disease
in the lung."   (J. Milner Fothergill, M. D.)
   "Origin and source of the fat  in the organism:
Part of the fats is absorbed as such in the intestines,
in entering the capillaries in the form  of  scarcely
saponified glycerides, that  are subsequently  trans-
formed into alkaline  soaps.  But they also arise in
the body at  the  expense  of the albuminoids.  It
seems  doubtful wrhether any of the fat is  derived
directly from the sugar absorbed, though this is as-
serted ; but it is probable  that the accumulation of
fats occurring on a mixed diet, rich in sugar, is due to
the conversion of the sugar into fat, but rather to the
protection thus afforded against the oxidation of the
fats that, however, a  large proportion of the fat of
fattened animals is not derived from ingested fat, but
directly or indirectly from the carbo-hydrates, as
well as the nitrogenous elements of the food, partic-
ularly  when  the latter  are in excess, seems most
probable, and there is no doubt but that a combina-
tion of nitrogenous food and saline matter, together
with carbo-hydrates,  conduces most to  the produc- 
DIET.
49
tion of fat  in  the organism.  The carbo-hydrates
play a distinct part in the formation of fat in the car-
nivora and herbivora."   (T. C. Charles, M. D.)
  The fats that are not stored up by the tissues  re-
quiring them, disappear probably by direct oxida-
tion, being transformed into water and Carbonic acid
gas, evolving much heat or force in potential form.
The amount of Carbonic acid gas given off during
exercise is much greater than during rest.  If we wish
to increase the weight of the body and add to  its
constituents, we must combine fats with the albumi-
nates, as these  given  alone only lead to increased
weights:  But if we combine fats with albuminates,
in proper proportions, an increase of both nitroge-
nous and non-nitrogenous constituents of the  body
can be maintained for a long time.  Fat economizes
the albuminous elements of the food, and checks the
waste of the albuminous tissues.   Fat enters into  all
the tissues, and by its oxidation, it yields muscular
force and heat and it is largely consumed in muscular
exercise. The capacity of fat being stored up as adi-
pose tissue makes it a  reserve store house of force-
producing and heat-generating material to be used
when great muscular  exertion  is required.   "The
capacity of  a material  for.heat production depends
upon the amount of unoxidized Carbon and Hydrogen
it contains;  and of all elementary materials, the fats
hold the highest place in this respect.  While in the
starchy, saccharine and such-like  materials, a  suffi-
cient  amount of Oxygen exists in the compound to
oxidize all Hydrogen present, leaving only the Carbon,
in an oxidizable condition; in the fats not only is the
Carbon, but  also the chief of the Hydrogen, in  an
oxidizable state."
   " To illustrate the  difference existing, it may  be 
50          CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
 stated that starch contains, in round numbers, forty-
 five percent, of Carbon, and six per cent, of Hydrogen,
 making fifty-one per cent, of Carbon and Hydrogen
 together.   The  remainder   consists  of Oxygen,
 amounting to forty-nine  per cent,  of the  whole.
 Sugar, and gum likewise, in round numbers, contain
 forty-three per cent, of Carbon and six per cent, of
 Hydrogen, making forty-nine per cent, of Carbon and
 Hydrogen together, and leaving fifty-one per cent, to
 be made up by Oxygen.  Fat, on the other hand, con-
 tains about ninety per cent, of Carbon and Hydrogen
 —seventy-nine per cent, of Carbon and eleven  per
 cent,  of Hydrogen, and ten per cent, of Oxygen.
   "According to what  is here shown, a given  quan-
 tity of fat will have the power of appropriating about
 2.4 times as much Oxygen as the same quantity of
 starch; or stated in other words,  will develop about
 2.4 times as much heat in  the process of oxidation
 and hence has about 2.4 times as much value as a
 heat-producing agent."
   "Actual heat, expressed in  units (the unit repre-
 senting the heat  required  to raise one gramme
 (15.432 grains) of water 1° Cent,  or 1.8° Fahr.) de-
 veloped by one gramme when burnt in Oxygen.

                                     HEAT UNITS.
   Beef fat..........9069
   Starch (arrow root).....-       3912
   Cane (lump) sugar......     3348
   Commercial grape sugar......3277

   " Looking at this difference in the relative value of
fatty, starchy  and saccharine matters as  heat pro-
ducers, we see the wisdom of the instinctive consump-
tion of food abounding in fatty matter by the inhab-
itants of the Arctic regions.  The  Esquimaux and 
DIET.
51
other dwellers in the frigid zone, devour with avidity
the fat of whales, seals, etc., and find in this the most
efficient kind of combustible material. In the tropics,
on the other hand, the food consumed by the native
inhabitants, consists  mainly of farinaceous and suc-
culent vegetable material. On account of the elevated
temperature of the surrounding  air, less heat  is re-
quired to be produced within the body, and a less
efficient combustible material is able to supply what
is needed for the maintenance of the ordinary tem-
perature.
   "The adipose tissue  fills up  interstices between
muscles, bones, vessels,  and the  other anatomical
structures, and by its accumulation under the skin,
it gives a regular and rounded form to the outer sur-
face of  the  body. As a  bad conductor of heat, the
layer of adipose  tissue beneath the  skin contributes
toward retaining the animal warmth.  This function
it most conspicuously fulfills in  the aquatic warm-
blooded animals, such as  the seal,  porpoise, whale,
etc., in which a coat of hair would prove of no service.
The very great thickness  of the subcutaneous layer of
adipose tissue met with in  these animals is evidently
designed to meet the demand occasioned by the un-
suitableness in this particular instance of the ordi-
nary provision.
   "Accumulated with the vesicles and susceptible of
re-absorption into the blood, the  fat forms a store of
force-producing material to be  drawn upon as cir-
cumstances  may require.  Hence it is that life is sus-
tained longer in a fat animal under  abstinence from
food and with a supply of water, than in a thin  one."
(F. W. Pavy, M. D.)
   Animal fat is very much easier of digestion  than
the vegetable fat.  When fat is not easily assimilated 
52
CONSUMPTION AND  LIQUIDS.
by the system, it is owing to the secretions of the
liver and pancreas being in some way defective.  In
these cases by the addition of powdered pancreatin
and  inspissated ox gall,  one hour  after eating, we
can often so  aid the digestive organs that the fats
will be readily emulsified and assimilated.  Fat can-
not be digested  and absorbed into the system  with-
out the emulsifying aid of the bile  and pancreatic
juice.
   Cod-liver Oil—Oleum Jecoris Aselli— This  is
obtained from the liver of the common cod; the pro-
cess is thus described by Dr. Garrod: "The livers are
collected daily,  so that  no trace of decomposition
may have occurred; carefully examined, so as to re-
move all traces of blood and impurity, and to sepa-
rate any inferior livers; they are then sliced and ex-
posed to a temperature not exceeding 180° Fahr. till
all the oil is drained from them.   This is filtered,
afterwards exposed to a  temperature of about 50°
Fahr. in order to congeal the bulk of the margarine,
and  again filtered, and put into bottles wTell secured
from the action of the air."  The best oil comes from
Norway.
   Cod-liver oil,  being the only  agent in which the
old school have any confidence as a curative  agent
in tuberculosis, let us first  see what the  oil  really
contains.
   Dr. Jongh found  the principal  constituents  of
these oils to be oleate and margarate of glycerine,
possessing the usual  properties,  but they also con-
tained butyric and acetic acid, the principal constitu-
ents of the bile as fellenic, cholic and  billifellinic  acids,
and bilifulvin, a peculiar substance soluble in alcohol,
a peculiar substance soluble in  water, alcohol,  or
ether; iodine, chlorine, and traces of bromine;  phos- 
DIET.
53
 phoric  and  sulphuric acids;  phosphorus;  lime;
 magnesia, soda and iron.
   These were found in all the varieties, though not in
 equal proportions in all, yet  it is quite uncertain
 whether the difference had any relation to their de-
 gree of efficacy.
   This analysis gives us a compound of twenty dif-
 ferent remedies, all of which, it  will be seen, act espe-
 cially upon  the  great  sympathetic or  vegetative
 nervous system, the grand centre for  the action of
 the  tubercular poison, and,  it will  be seen,  are the
 principal remedies used by our school for the cure of
 tubercular consumption.  This analysis also gives us
 an explanation how cod-liver oil cures consumption.
 First, it holds in solution a fine attenuation  of lime,
 Iodine, Phosphorous, Biomine and a large number of
 other valuable remedies, and it is nonsensical to think
 they do not act medicinally.
   Our preparations of the same remedies in which we
 all have such unbounded confidence, contain  far less
 medicine of each one of the ingredients, at the 30th
 and 200th attenuation, than the oil.  We would like
 to see the chemist  who  would give the  amount of
 Iodine the 30th or 200th centesimal attenuation con-
 tain to the grain or ounce. We are certain that they
 do act medicinally in those attenuations.  A chemist
 can tell us the quantity of  Iodine  contained  in an
 ounce of oil, but he cannot  tell in an  ounce of the
 200th attenuation of Iodine.  Consequently, we must
 conclude from this, that the beneficial influence ex-
erted by cod-liver oil in phthisis, is to a large extent
 medicinal.  Secondly, it is also highly nutritious and
easily assimilable food.  In all ages  oleaginous sub-
stances have  been esteemed highly as curative agents
in consumption, whether their  action was to be at- 
54
CONSUMPTION AND  LIQUIDS.
tributed  to their medicinal  or to their  nutritious
properties.  We now see that it supplies nutriment in
a concentrated form, and at the same time holds in
solution  medicines  that  are homoeopathic  to the
tubercular diathesis.
   Dr. C.  J. B. Williams, in his late work on Pulmo-
nary Consumption,  says:  "After a quarter of a cen-
tury's experience, it is the only agent in any degree
deserving the title  of a remedy in this disease.  Its
mode of action is still a matter of uncertainty, but
we  can  at least  offer some  reasonable conjectures.
That it  is in itself a nutriment cannot be doubted,
and that its nutritious properties go farther than to
augment the fat  in the body is proved by the well
ascertained fact that the muscles and strength also
increase under its use.  In fact, it has been proved to
increase the proteinaceous constituents of the blood
except the fibrin which is diminished; in  truth, the
beneficial operation of cod-liver oil extends to every
function and structure of the body.   In cases  most
suitable  for  its use, there is a progressive improve-
ment in digestion, appetite, strength and complexion;
and various morbid conditions perceptibly diminish.
Thus purulent discharges are lessened, ulcers assume
a healthier aspect, colliquative diarrhoea and sweats
cease; the natural  secretions become more copious,
the pulse less frequent.  It is difficult to comprehend
how it can produce such marvellous salutaryeffects.
[Through the vegetative nervous system it produces
these marvellous effects.]  When we remember that
in a teaspoonful of  oil we are administering a dose of
Iodine equal to a drop and a half of its 3d decimal
dilution,  and that we are generally giving  it in  cases
to which the drug  is thoroughly homoeopathic, can
we doubt that it exerts a curative action; if  we dis- 
DIET.
55
 believe this, we have no reason for  believing in the
 action of infinitesimals anywhere. Moreover, were it
 the oleaginous matter per se which cures, why should
 all attempts to find a substitute for the oil of fishes
 be so unsuccessful? "
  •  In cases that are benefited by the use of cod-liver
 oil, the nutrition of the body is at fault, and we find
 the loss of flesh or emaciation  a prominent symp-
 tom, with marked  debility, or we may have enlarge-
 ment of the lymphatic glandular system, the swelling
 of the cervical or sub-maxillary glands.  Such cases
 are sure  to be benefited by the oil, especially if in
 little children.
   There are three varieties of oil in use: the dark
 brown; a brown, and a pure, pale oil.  The latter is
 the only kind that  ought to be used for  medicinal
 purposes.  The strong smelling and dark colored oils
 owe their offensive properties to the partial decompo-
 sition and putrefaction that has  taken place before
 the oil is taken from the livers.   Speaking  about the
 various kinds of oil, Dr. Williams says in his work on
 consumption:  "It  was  not until the pure, pale oil
 was brought under my notice that the difficulties in
 administering  it gave way;  and during the  last
 twenty-five years I  have prescribed it (the pale oil)
 for between twenty and thirty thousand patients, and
 with such success that it was taken without material
 difficulty by about  ninety-five per cent, of the whole
 number, and of those who thus  took  it, full ninety per
 cent, derived more or less benefit from its use.  This
 experience, which is in accordance with that of many
 of my  professional friends, is at least quite as strong
 as any that could be adduced in favor of the brown
or impure kind of oil, and  it does seem absurd to
recommend the exhibition of the remedy in its offen- 
56
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
sive form, when the pure fresh oil has been proved to
be at least equally efficacious."
   To get the full benefit  of the oil, its use must be
persevered in for at least several months, and some
patients will find it their staff of life and will have to
continue it their whole lifetime.
   To preserve  the  oil, the bottle  should be  well
corked and kept in a cool place; the oil should not
be exposed to the air any longer than is necessary
to take it.
  Dr. Meyhoffer  says:  "Cod-liver  oil justly merits
the high reputation which it has acquired in correct-
ing those deficiencies of  nutrition  commonly compre-
hended in  the terms of  scrofulosis and tuberculosis.
In patients  exhibiting  a  strumous diathesis  of a
slender  and lean figure and thin transparent  skin,
we generally find combined frequent weak pulse, great
excitability of the nervous system,  with high specific
gravity of the urine—all signs of an accelerated meta-
morphosis.  It is in this condition that the action of
cod-liver oil has  obtained its anti-scrofulous fame, in
a short time after its use the angular forms acquire
more roundness, and the general  susceptibility as
well as the morbid phenomena gives way to  its  influ-
ence.  Scrofulous individuals, however, who exhibit a
fatty, puffy, leuco-phlegmatic body, swollen nose and
upper lip, slowness of the  cardiac contraction, defec-
tive irritability of the nervous system, and low spe-
cific gravity of the urine, far from being benefited from
cod-liver oil are the very victims who have been made
to swallow it by quarts, and to no purpose.  The rea-
son of this is obvious; fat requires nearly  double  the
amount of oxygen for its combustion (100:292.14)
to that demanded by  albumen  (100:153.31),  and
as it evinces a greater tendency to generation of acid 
DIET.
57
 than the latter, acts, when introduced into the organ-
 ism the part of a moderator to the metamorphosis
 of nitrogenous substances.  On the other hand, that
 part of the oleaginous matter which has not furnished
 its share towards the production of animal heat by
 combustion, does so by its accumulation under the
* cutaneous surface, or enters as a necessary element
 into the formation of cells. It is thus evident that
 cod-liver oil can only be of service when the destruc-
 tive, nutritive process prevails over the constructive
 one, and that otherwise its agency must rather in-
 crease than diminish, a lymphatic tendency of consti-
 tution.
    But the  virtues of this animal product are, by a
 great number of physicians, attributed in a measure
 to the Iodine contained in it.  There can be no doubt
 as to the salutary influence exercised by this metal-
 loid over some special scrofulous  affection; but this
 does not destroy the fact that cod-liver oil, like any
 other fatty  substances (the fat of dogs is a popular
 remedy in Germany for scrofula and phthisis), pro-
 duces its best effects on lean persons who, as physiol-
 ogy teaches, consume more Oxygen and excrete Car-
 bonic acid and bile than fat ones,  while on those who
 show  a disposition  to the  formation  of  adipose
 tissue,  it effects a contrary result to that which is
 desired, in spite of the Iodine which it contains.  Cod
 oil is a specific only in a limited  number of morbid
 conditions; in the majority of instances it derives its
 importance from its value  as  a nutritive  agent
  arresting a preternatural waste."
    Dr.  Walshe,  an allceopathic physician, whose au-
 thority on this subject no physician can outrank in
  any school, draws the following conclusions:
    (1)  That cod-liver  oil more  rapidly and more 
58          CONSUMPTION AND  LIQUIDS.

effectually induces improvement in the general and
local symptoms than any other known substance.
   (2) That its power of curing disease  is undeter-
mined.
   (3) That the mean amount of permanency of the
good effects of the oil is undetermined.
   (4) That it relatively  produces more marked
effects in the third than in the previous cases.
   (5) That it increases  weight  in favorable  cases
with singular speed, and out of all proportion to the
actual quantity  taken, that hence it must, in some
unknown way, save waste and render food  more
readily assimilable.
   (6) That it  sometimes fails to increase weight.
   (7) That in the great majority of cases where it
fails to  increase weight, it does little good in  other
ways.
   (8) That it does not relieve dyspnoea out of pro-
portion  with other symptoms.
   (9) That the effects traceable to the oil in most
favorable cases are: increase of weight,  suspension of
colliquative sweats, improved appetite,  diminished
cough and  expectoration, cessation of  sickness with
cough, and gradual disappearance  of physical  sigus.
   (10)  That in some cases  it cannot be taken, either
because it disagrees with the stomach, impairing the
appetite (without being itself absolutely nourishing),
and causing nausea; or because it produces diarrhoea.
   (11)  That  in the former cases it may be  made
palatable by associating it with a mineral acid; and
in the latter prevented from affecting the bowels  by
combination with astringents.
   (12)  That   intrathoracic   inflammations  and
haemoptysis are  contra-indications  to its use, but
only temporarily  so. 
DIET.
59
   (13) Diarrhoea, if depending on chronic peritonitis
or secretive change, or small ulcerations in the ilium
is no contra-indication to the use of the oil; even
profuse diarrhoea caused by extensive ulceration  of
the larger bowel is not made worse by it.
   (14) That  the beneficial operation  of the  oil
diminishes, cceteris paribus, directly as  the age  of
those using it increases.
   (15) That the effects of the oil are more strikingly
beneficial when only a small extent of the lung is im-
plicated in an advanced stage, than where a relatively
large area is diseased in an insipient stage.
   (16) That where chronic pleurisy or chronic pneu-
monia exists on a large scale, the oil often fails to
relieve the pectoral symptoms.
   (17) That it often disagrees, when the liver is en-
larged and probably fatty.
   (18) That  weight  may be increased  by it, the
cough and expectoration diminished, night sweating-
cease,  the  strength  which  has been failing remain
stationary under the use of the  oil and yet the local
disease be all the while advancing. " Singular proof,"
says Dr. AValshe,'' of the nutritive power of the agent,''
and, we may  add, of  its sufficiency as  a medicine.
"This admirable exhaustive summary of the knowl-
edge which is  possessed of the  subject to which  it
relates, confirmed, as it has been by the conclusion of
competent observers, shows a wide difference between
the anticipations which were indulged respecting the
virtues of cod-liver oil and the sober realities of ex-
perience.  But enough remains to prove that among
the remedies that have been proposed for pulmonary
consumption none can be compared with  its efficacy.
More than any other,  it mitigates the symptoms  of
the disease and delays its march; while in some cases 
60
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
it appears permanently to arrest the degeneration of
tubercles already deposited, and so to improve the
nutrition as to prevent the formation of new ones."
(Stille.)
   Dr. H. C. Wood says: " There can be no doubt that
consumption often commences with catarrh,  and is
often developed slowly, as the  result of frequently
"catching cold." Whenever a patient is feeble, pale,
somewhat anaemic, complains of his liability to catch
cold on the slightest exposure, even though no local
disease exists anywhere, or rather because no local
disease exists anywhere, there is cause for alarm;
and it is of the most vital importance that the pa-
tient be put upon a tonic treatment, whose basis is
cod-liver oil.
   It remained for Reed andCarnrick to bring out the
perfection of  all cod-liver oil preparations,  in  the
form of Peptonized Cod-liver Oil and Milk.   It is
partially predigested,  and is  therefore more easily
digested and assimilated, especially by weak and en-
feebled stomachs.   Eructations  are much less likely
to follow than when any other form of the oil is taken.
It contains fifty per cent, of pure Norwegian Cod-liver
oil, the remaining percentage is composed of milk and
an  emulsion formed with Irish moss.  No gums are
used in its manufacture.  But the great feature of this
preparation is this: it mixes readily with water, and
makes a pleasant drink, and in this way any child or
adult can  easily take it;  and we not only get  the
benefit of the oil, but we get the  fat contained in the
milk, and that  greatest of all  foods, water.  I am
delighted  with this preparation of cod-liver oil and
milk, for it so aids me in giving liquid  food to the
phthisical.  Fat, Oil and Water are the only deadly
enemies that the poison of phthisis has.  This poison 
DIET.                    61
flourishes and runs riot in a tall, slim, feeble, emaciated
and poorly nourished person, but a stout, well nour-
ished, fleshy person, well padded with fat, causes the
poisonous bacillus tuberculosis to turn pale, wither
and die.
   Dose.— One tablespoonful, dissolved in a tumbler
full of water, and drank four times a day.
   Caution.— Cod-liver oil "should  not  be adminis-
tered indiscriminately during the persistence of acute
febrile symptoms, congestion, hemorrhages, or  any
active form  of disease; digestion  being then im-
paired, and the mucous membrane irritable, the oil is
only likely to increase the disorder.  The sphere  of
cod-liver oil  is to remove  exhaustion  and  impart
general tone;  this is best accomplished when active
morbid processes and local irritation have subsided,
for then the system is in a condition to appropriate
a larger amount of nourishment."  (Dr. Ruddock.)
   Exhibition.—Many people and even children have
no trouble in taking cod-liver oil, in fact cod-liver oil
is  taken better by children than by grown people; but
with some, the sweetest oil is taken with great diffi-
culty; those who are so sensitive should take it  in
the form of capsules or inunction.
   One of the best methods I have  ever found to ad-
minister  it is for the patient to suck the juice of a
lemon, or chew a little of the lemon skin before taking
the oil, and the same  after; the  taste of the oil is
generally all gone in one minute after.
   Another good way is to take it floating on a weak
solution of Phosphoric acid, or an infusion of orange
peel, the quantity of the vehicle should not exceed a
tablespoonful, with a teaspoonful of the oil, which
should be gradually increased to a tablespoonful for
adults and half the quantity for children. 
62          CONSUMPTION  AND LIQUIDS.

   The oil should be taken morning and night directly
after eating.  Experience has taught us that if taken
directly after eating, it is not so apt to disagree, and
rises much less, leaving the appetite free for the next
meal.  If taken on an empty stomach  it leaves for
hours a rancid, unpleasant taste, with frequent eruc-
tations,tasting of the oil.
   Children  generally take  it very readily; if they
should not like it, the best  way is to form an emul-
sion with the yolk of an egg, or mucilage, and flavor
it with some syrup, or if the child is very young, the
first three decimal triturations can be given in many
cases with  excellent results, at the same time it can
be used on the child by  inunction.  Better still, give
Peptonized Cod-liver Oil and Milk.
   Dr. Hempelsays: "If the stomach should not be
able to retain the oil, a minute portion of common
salt taken both before and after the dose of oil, will
sometimes enable the  stomach to  bear  this remedy
when all other devices fail."
   Dr. Ruddock says:  " Probably the best method of
rendering the oil palatable is to have it made up into
bread, as it is then scarcely tasted. The proper pro-
portions is two to four tablespoonfuls of the oil to
one pound of dough.   Patients to whom  w7e have
recommended this method  of taking the oil,  assure
us that while pleasant and digestible, it is as effica-
cious taken in this as in any other way.  Small pieces
of ice in each dose  of oil also renders it almost taste-
less.  Malt is another excellent vehicle to administer
this oil in.
  "Its assimilation is promoted  and its  beneficial
action greatly enhanced by the addition of ten drops
of the first  solution of Iodium to each pint  of oil.
This addition is especially recommended in Phthisis, 
DIET.
63
Pulmonalis and Atrophy.  Claret is another vehicle
for cod-liver oil.  The oil should be poured upon the
wine so that it does not touch the glass, but floats as
a large globule;  in this way it may be swallowed un-
tasted."
  "Take one orange  and divide it into two  equal
parts; squeeze the juice of one-half into a cup; pour
the oil upon it,  then squeeze the juice of the  other
half very gently on the oil.  By swallowing the whole
cautiously, not the least taste of the oil is experi-
enced."  (Lancet.)
   Dr. Buchner, in his essay on Air and Lungs, "Ad-
verts to the fact that in England they burn cod-liver
oil in several lighthouses, and that a number of light-
housekeepers, who had been threatened with phthisis,
before entering upon the duty above mentioned  and
who inhaled day after day the air of the lantern im-
pregnated with the volatile parts of the oil, became
fleshy and  robust.  I have acted on the above hint
for five or six years past.  In all my prescriptions of
cod-liver oil I have directed the inhalations of the
vapors arising from gently heated (not burned or
scorched) crude  cod-liver oil, and have in more than
one case, seen happy results. I direct my patient to
fill a saucer with the crude oil, place the saucer over a
tin dish filled with sand, and heat the bottom of this
either by stone or other convenient means.  To some
the effect is very soothing and grateful. I remember
only one instance in which the inhalation of the fumes
was  at once very distasteful and nauseating, that of
a young lady whose health failed repeatedly whenever
she lived in New Bedford (near salt wrater), and gained
on her going West to Illinois."  (G. F. Matthes.)
   I  have tested the fumes of the oil as given above,
and  am pleased with its  action.  Inhaling the fumes 
64
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
all night during sleep will be found of much value in
the first stage of phthisis.
   As to the kind of diet the patient should use while
taking the oil Dr. Williams says: "With some indi-
viduals the oil agrees so well  and so much  improves
their digestion, that they recpiire little or no  restric-
tion in diet, but this is not the case with the majority.
The richness of the oil does prove more or less atrial,
sooner or later, (such persons should  take the Pep-
tonized Cod-liver Oil and Milk) to most persons, and
to diminish this trial as much  as possible, it obvi-
ously becomes proper to omit or reduce all  other rich
and greasy articles of diet.  All pastry, fat  meat, rich
stuffing and the like should  be  avoided, and great
moderation observed in the use of butter, cream and
very sweet things.   Even milk in any quantity is not
generally borne well during a course of oil, and many
find malt  liquor too heavy, increasing the tendency
to bilious  attacks.  A plain nutritious diet of bread,
fresh meat, poultry or game, with a fair proportion
of vegetables and a little fruit, and a moderate quan-
tity of liquid at the earlier meals, commonly agrees
best, and facilitates the exhibition of the oil in doses
sufficient to produce its salutary influence in the sys-
tem."
   Salts—Mineral Substances. —" These  are of
great importance, and are as essential to nutrition as
the albuminates.   There is no tissue that does not
contain lime, chiefly in the form of the Phosphate, and
it would seem that cell growth cannot go on without
it, indeed Calcium Phosphate is  the most  abundant
salt in the body, seeing that it forms more than one-
half of our  bones.  Calcium  carbonate occurs asso-
ciated with this Phosphate,  but in  relatively much
smaller quantity.   Sodium chloride is also  a very 
DIET.
65
 important salt, which likewise occurs in all the tissues
 and fluids of the body.  It plays  a very important
 role in promoting the diffusion  of fluids  through
 membranes, and its presence is necessary for main-
 taining the globulines in  solution.  It is absolutely
 necessary to existence, and its entire withdrawal from
 food would be speedily fatal. (The want of  common
 salt often causes albuminuria).   Rather more than
 200 grains are secreted daily, chiefly by the  kidneys.
 It is a matter of common experience in the treating of
 cattle, that the addition of common salt to their food
 greatly improves their condition.
   The Phosphates of Sodium and Potassium are also
 important salts. The alkaline reaction of the blood-
 plasma, and some of the other fluids are due partly to
 these alkaline  phosphates. The acid sodium phos-
 phate  is the chief cause of the acid reaction of the
 urine.  Sodium carbonate and bi-carbonate  are also
 found in the blood-plasma; they are ingested in small
 quantities in the food, and  they are partly formed in
 the body  from the decomposition  of the salt of the
 vegetable acids. They play an important part in the
 blood  in carrying the Carbonic acid from the tissues
 to the lungs.
   Sodium and potassium  sulphates occur  in small
 quantity in the body, and are partly derived from the
 oxidation of organic substances containing Sulphur.
 Potassium chloride is widely distributed, and is found
 especially in the closed blood corpuscles and in  mus-
 cular tissue.  Magnesium phosphate occurs together
 with Calcium phosphate, but in much smaller amount;
 it is probably essential to the growth of some tissues.
 "Iron is an essential constituent of hemo-globin, and
 therefore, of the red blood corpuscles.  It is found also
in striped  muscle  and in  other tissues in  minute 
66         CONSUMPTION  AND LIQUIDS.

quantity." The two alkalies, Potash and Soda, have a
different distribution in the body, and one cannot
supply the place  of the other.  The Potassium salts
exist especially in the formed tissues,  as the  blood
corpuscles and muscular fibre, and the sodium salts
are found more abundantly in the intersticial fluids;
so in the blood, Sodium and the Chloride are  found
especially in the plasma and Potassium and the Phos-
phates in the corpuscles.
   "The Chlorine of the Chlorides would appear to be
easily set free in the body, so that it can combine with
Hydrogen and form a powerful action, having a special
solvent action on albuminates.  The Sulphur and the
Phosphates of the tissues  appear to be introduced
as such in the albuminates.
   "All these mineral substances are introduced into
the body as constituent parts of the various  ordi-
nary articles of human food, animal and vegetable,
with the exception of Sodium chloride which is usually
added to the food in greater or less amount in addi-
tion to what they may themselves contain.
   "Certain salts  such as the Lactates, Tartrates,
Citrates, and Acetates, become converted into Carbon-
ates within the body  and confer upon the system
that alkalinity which appears to be necessary to the
integrity of the molecular currents. The state of mal-
nutrition which in its  highest degree we  call scurvy
appears to follow inevitably on their absence; and as
they exist in fresh vegetables it is a well known rule
of dietetics to supply these with great care, though
their nutritive power otherwise is small.
   "Rabbateau observed  that the'addition of 150
grains of Sodium chloride to the daily rations  in-
creased notably the  amount  of urea excreted; it
would seem therefore, to promote the metabolism of 
DIET.
67
the albuminates; it acts probably simply by stimu-
lating the digestive functions, and probably increas-
ing the acidity of the gastric juice;  it is itself almost
wholly illiminated in the urine.
   "The utility  of adding Phosphates to food with
a view of increasing its nutritive qualities has been
warmly discussed and it has been pointed  out  as a'
proof of their inutility that the soluble Phosphates
so given, are eliminated in their totality in the urine
and the insoluble ones in  the faeces, but as has been
argued by  Dujardin-Beaumetz, the  same  happens
with regard to Chloride of  sodium and it does not
follow because of this that it has no influence on nu-
trition.  The favorable action  of  the Phosphates
soluble or insoluble, which  is certainly at  times ab-
sorbed is probably due, as  he  suggests, either to a
regulating action on the functions of the alimentary
tube,  or to  the  acid elements the}' convey into the
stomach, or to some other indirect action.  As a
rule, we take in with our food a far larger quantity of
salt than is necessary for  the replacement of the tis-
sues.  The excess is excreted with the  urine and only
when  an increase of the  body weight occurs is any
large  amount of salts retained in  the body."   (I.
Burney Yeo, M. D.)
   A good illustration of  the value of the  body salts
is furnished  by watching  the effects of arresting the
night sweats of phthisis.  As soon as the out-pouring
of the salts in the sweat is  checked, the appetite re-
turns, and soon  the pallor of the features give way to
the hue of  returning health.  The  effect  is  often
almost magical.
   The most complete food we have  is milk.  Next to
that is the egg.  In  them exist besides the organic
principles all the  inorganic matter, including both 
68          CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
saline  and water that  is  needed to build up  the
human organism.
   In the preparation of food for human consumption
the natural article is greatly depreciated in nutritive
value by  the  abstraction  in boiling,  not  only of
some of its soluble portion,  but of much of its nutri-
tive salts. Roasted meat on this account is  of more
value than when boiled, without the meat is  made
into a soup.  In the boiling of vegetables, nutritive
principles, and especially the salts are removed by the
water. The preparation of flour leaves  the  product
much inferior to the grain from which it is  derived.
Both the saline and  nitrogenous matter contained in
the wheat are chiefly found in the outer  or tegumen-
tary part of the grain and they are usually thrown
off into the bran.   Magenda  has proved by experi-
ment that a dog dies if fed on white bread, while its
health does not suffer at all, if its food consists of
brown bread, or bread made of unbolted flour.  We
should consume the  whole of the grain to obtain all
the nutritive principles we require.  Cracked wheat
should be eaten largely by the phthisical.   If  the
great majority of mankind did not live on a mixed
diet of animal and vegetable food, sickness and death
would  soon be developed,  and  man would be  de-
stroyed from the* face of the earth.
   Gaseous Food—The  Atmosphere. —Composi-
tion of atmospheric  air.

   Gas          By weight              By volume
   O               23.015                  20.96
   N               70.985      ,           99.02
   C02              Trace              0.030.034

   Besides the  above  it  contains aqueous vapor,
Ammonia and organic matter.  Oxygen forms 20.96 
DIET.                    69
 per cent, by volume of the gaseous mixture; and this
 proportion is preserved  in all parts of the atmos-
 pheric ocean.  A certain small amount of the O of the
 air exists in the form of Ozone, a peculiar modifica-
 tion of Oxygen, not yet understood.  Oxidation goes
 on more rapidly when Ozone exists in the air than it
 does with Oxygen alone,  and it is said to destroy the
 volatile substances which are evolved during putre-
 faction. * The atmosphere is the only gaseous food
 required by animals and man, and the necessity for
 its Oxygen is absolute  and continuous.  When the
 mixed gases of the  air  are drawn into the lungs a
 portion of the Oxygen is absorbed by the blood, and
 in the circulation, unites chemically,  with the Carbon,
 Nitrogen and Hydrogen of our food, forming chemical
 compounds,  called Carbonates, Nitrates  and  Hy-
 drates.  Some of the compounds go to form part  of
 the substance of the body, but the major portion  of
 them after producing heat, leave the body as Car-
 bonic acid and water. Chemically speaking, the liv-
 ing body is a great  oxidizing machine, constantly
 burning up its own substance and every act of man,
 and even  each unconscious change within the body,
 is accompanied by a  consumption of Oxygen. The
 quantity of air  consumed when compared with our
 other food is large; for an adult, the average being
 360 cubic feet or about  2000 gallons  daily, which
 would weigh about twenty-five pounds.
   Nitrogen.— This being the largest constituent  of
 the air, it must play an important part in the nutri-
 tion of the body, instead of being, as many think,
 only a dilutent of the air.  God never makes any-
thing but for use. Notwithstanding up to the present
time its real functions' are not fully known, one thing
we do know; that is, if the supply of Nitrogen be cut 
70          CONSUMPTION  AND LIQUIDS.

off from the body, its various functions languish; but
if we desire to increase the energies of the body, Nitro-
gen must be supplied, without the participation of the
Nitrogenous bodies, no oxidation or manifestation of
energy is possible.  The active principle in the var-
ious secretions of the body is Nitrogen.  Nitrogenous
food develop and maintain the tissues in their secre-
tions in the body. It has been proved that the elimi-
nation of urea in the urine is in proportion of Nitro-
genous food eaten; and it is therefore certain, that
the Nitrogenous alimentary principles must undergo
such chemical changes in the  system as to  result  in
the production of urea.   Nitrogen, therefore, plays an
important part, in the absorption and utilization  of
Oxygen in the system.   Electricity transforms nitro-
gen into Ammonia, and Nitric acid, and thus it be-
comes assimilated by the vegetable kingdom.
  Aqueous Vapor.—This is always present in the
air, but it varies  greatly in  amount, increasing wuth
the increase of temperature.  All air breathing organ-
isms would perish were the humidity of the atmos-
phere entirely removed.   It is a  physiological neces-
sity to the existence of a man's life.   If the air be too
dry, it irritates  the respiratory mucous membrane.
If too moist, there is a disagreeable sensation; and if
it be too warm, a feeling of closeness. Hence the  air
should be saturated with watery vapor to the extent
of about 70 per cent.   The air  in mid-summer con-
tains three times as much watery vapor as it does in
mid-winter, and the moisture is greater with a south
and west wind, than with a north and east wind.
  Ammonia.— This eminates and is diffused from
putrefactive processes  in progress on the surface of
the earth.  It is also produced from  the Nitrogen of
the air by electric agency, as during a thunder storm. 
DIET.                    71
 The quantity in the air varies, but it averages about
 1  grain to 23,000 cubic feet.  Rain washes the am-
 monia from the air to the surface of the earth, and in
 a rainfall it may always be detected and measured,
 and its quantity is increased during thunder storms,
 and this ammonia is of great use to vegetation.
   Carbonic Acid.— This is produced  by the  oxida-
 tion of Carbon in dead and living tissues.  The aver-
 age amount found in the air is about four volumes of
 Carbonic acid to 10,000 volumes of atmospheric air.
 Its percentage varies with the local causes which de-
 termine its production. The diffusive power of gases,
 and the wind, tend to equalize the percentage.  Thus
 it  is greater in the streets and alleys of a city than in
 the country, and greater  in a damp atmosphere be-
 fore rain has fallen, than in the air  in the same local-
 ity after a rain storm.  There is  more Carbonic acid
 in  the air in summer than in winter by about one-half,
 its sources being organic decomposition occurring in
 the soil,  animal respiration and the combustion of
 fuel; the greatest quantity of the gas is found near
 the surface of the ground.   Carbonic acid is harmless
 of itself, unless it is in very unusual quantities, but it
 may carry with it from  a damp  soil, miasma and
 organic matters that would  make  it a poison to
 organic life.   Carbonic acid from fuel is generally ac-
 companied by  Carbonic oxide and Sulphurous acid,
 which become very deleterious.  Carbonic acid from
 animal respiration is accompanied by organic exhala-
 tions, which is well known to cause headache, febrile
 action and even phthisis,  when the exposure is con-
 tinuous.   "During the English  war in India, in the
 last century, 146 prisoners were shut up in a room
 scarcely large enough  to hold them.  The air could
enter only by two narrow windows.  At the end of 
72
CONSUMPTION AND  LIQUIDS.
eight hours  but  twenty-three  prisoners remained
alive, and those were in a most deplorable condition.
This  prison  is well  called  the  'Black Hole of
Calcutta.'  Percy  relates  that  after the battle of
Austerlitz 300  Russian prisoners were confined in a
cavern,  where 200 of them perished in a few hours.
The stupid captain of the ship Londonderry, during
a storm at sea, shut the hatches.  There  were only
seven cubic feet of space for each person and in six
hours ninety of the  passengers were dead."  This
teaches us that the breath exhaled is laden with Car-
bonic acid and organic matter, that should never be
re-breathed and that our living  and sleeping rooms
cannot be too well ventilated.
   Organic Matter, such as bacteria, miasmas  and
exhalations from contagious diseases in the sick, in
ill-ventilated  rooms, adhere to  the walls and  the
various textures in the room with great tenacity  and
not only require time, but anti-septic means to dissi-
pate them.  '
   The clearness of the atmosphere after a rainstorm
is a matter of common observation," and can be read-
ily understood. The impurities of the air are washed
down to the  surface of the earth; and  in this way,
rain water becomes the sewage  of the  atmosphere.
   Fresh air is  one of  the most  abundant things in
nature, and costs nothing, yet it cannot be doubted
that thousands of  people, especially those that live a
sedentary life, and  spend a large proportion of their
time indoors, have their health injured, their working
capacity greatly diminished and their length of days
shortened, by an insufficiency of air.  They are liter-
ally starving to death for this form of food. 
WATER.
      HYDROGEN, TWO VOLUMES;  OXYGEN, ONE.

   Water.—The uses of this agent in  disease have
been known and valued from the  commencement of
man down to the present age.  But its full therapeu-
tic value  is far from being exhausted.  Every year
something new of  its uses  in disease is being found
out, and now I have the pleasure  to  announce one
more clinical use of this great agent, and that is, its
power to cure pulmonary tuberculosis in man, a dis-
ease that is said to have destroyed  one-eighth of the
human family, and is dreaded by the physician more
than any other disease that he has  to do battle with,
because death always comes out victorious.
   Before  giving this new use of water in  the treat-
ment of pulmonary tuberculosis, it will be beneficial
to first show what part water occupies in the human
body, and what are its uses in the  animal economy.
The chemical constituents of the human body, when
dissolved into its original elements, as every physi-
cian is  well aware, contain 70  per cent, of water.
That is to say, if  a  man  weighs  200 pounds, one
hundred and forty  of this is water. This  one fact I
wish to have fully understood,  for it illustrates fully
why my new method of treatment is so successful, and
is the real and only scientific way to treat tuberculo-
sis.  T.  Cranstonn Charles,  M. D., in his Elements  of
Physiological Chemistry, says: "Water forms about
                        73 
74
CONSUMPTION AND  LIQUIDS.
70 per cent, of the adult and 88 per cent, of the em-
bryo, and is the medium in which the chemical (bio-
logical)  changes of the organism occur.  In the ac-
companying table the average proportion of water in
several of the tissues is given:
	PER CENT.		PER CENT.
Lymph -	93-96	Brain	- - 75
Chyle	- - 90-95	Cartilage -	- - 67-73
Blood -	78	Bones	- - 13
Kidneys -	82	Teeth	10
Nerves -	- - 78	Enamel -	0.2
Muscles	- - 76	Lungs	- - 79.6
   Salts.—The mineral salts form 3 to 6 per cent, of
the adult's body, and about one per cent, of that of
the foetus.  Alkaline chlorides and phosphates, earthy
Phosphates, with  some Carbonates and Sulphates
form the chief of these salts of which Sodic chloride is
the most important, its presence exciting assimila-
tive changes and assisting in the secretions of many
of the juices, particularly the gastric;  and so neces-
sary is it to the organism  that when  it is supplied
in insufficient  quantities  it is retained by the tis-
sues and not  excreted.  When deprived of  it, ani-
mals lose weight,  spirits and activity.  The Potash
salts  are also  indispensable,  acting as  exciters of
the nervous system  and increasing the cardiac pul-
sations.
   "A great daily loss occurs in the salts, which of
course must be restored in the diet.  By the urine of
a healthy man of average weight, there is a daily dis-
charge  of about  180  to 250  grains  of Chloride of
sodium, and 120 to 130 grains of other salts, and by
the faeces about 130 to 140 of different salts.  These
salts are principally Phosphates of Potash and Phos- 
WATER.
75
phates and Carbonates of lime, etc.  Accordingly, the
food should contain at least 250 grains of Sodic chlo-
ride and about half that amount of other salts, and
especially those of Potash to make good this  daily
loss."
   From the above it will be seen that water is the
most important element in the human body.  No one
function can be carried on without the aid of water.
It assists digestion by promoting the solution of our
food, and acts  as a vehicle to convey the more dense
and less fluid substances from the stomach to their
destination in the body, giving fluidity to the blood,
holding in solution or suspension the fibrin, albumen,
red globules and all the  different substances which
enter into the  various tissues of the body, for the
whole body  is formed from the blood.   Water forms
a necessary  part of our bodily structure, and acts as
a lubricator of all its  tissues.  Water regulates the
biological and chemical changes resulting from nutri-
tion and decay, and the effete products of the bodily
waste could not be removed without the aid of water.
Water regulates the temperature of the body;  first,
by lessening the action of the heart and pulse; second,
by increasing the insensible perspiration of the skin
and evaporation from the lungs; third, by increasing
the amount of urine, especially  of its  water, urea,
uric acid, and fixed salts;  fourth, by promoting gen-
eral tissue metamorphosis.
   In 24 hours the solid food eaten by an adult con-
tains from 15 to 25 ounces of water, and  to digest
this  properly there should be added from  60 to 70
ounces more of water,  making from 75 to 95 ounces
of this fluid  required daily to keep our bodies prop-
erly nourished.
   Now how does the system get rid of so much water 
76
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
daily ?  Why,  by the four great emunctories  of the
body, viz:
Kidneys 50 ounces
Skin    32   "
Lungs  12   "
Bowels (faeces) 5 ounces
Total, 99 ounces of water.
   It will be seen by the above, that the kidneys are
the greatest excretory organs in the body, skin sec-
ond, lungs third and the bowels the least.
   Kidneys.—The great work of the kidneys is the
excretion  of water, with the waste products of the
system, chiefly nitrogenous substances (urea) and the
various salts.  This shows us why water is so useful
in the treatment of tuberculosis.  It not only builds
up three quarters of the human body but washes out
nearly all of the waste products of  the system.  The
amount of urine secreted daily, by the glomeruli and
the epithelial cells covering them, depends upon the
blood pressure in the renal  artery and tubules;  and
up to  a certain extent, drinking  Avater copiously,
greatly raises the blood pressure, thereby increasing
the secretion of water and  the urinary constituents
therein dissolved; and in this wray, injurious waste
products and effete matter of the s^vstem are removed.
In phthisis, and fevers generally, the renal vessels are
less full and consequently there is a diminished quan-
tity of urine excreted.  Now  drinking large quantities
of wrater increases  the velocity  of  the circulation in
the renal glomeruli, and filtration rapidly takes place
from the blood into the malpighian capsules, and as
the Avaste products and diffusible salts Aoav along the
tubules from the glomeruli, the Avater extracts or
washes out these substances from  the  secretory epi-
thelium of the  convoluted  tubules.  Landois savs: 
AVATER.
77
"Through the glomeruli the watery part of the urine
is chiefly excreted, Avhile through the convoluted
tubules  the  specific  urinary constituents are ex-
creted."
   Constituents of Urine.—Besides the filtration of
Avater  from the blood, the kidneys excrete.a great
proportion of the solids of the body.  These Avaste
products are carried to the kidneys by the blood from
every tissue in the body. These waste products may
be classified into organic and inorganic bodies.
   Organic—These belong to the fatty series. First
of Avhich Ave have  the  urea,  uric  acid, kreatin and
kreatinin, xanthin and hypoxanthin, oxalic oxaluric,
lactic, and glycerophosphoric acids.  Added to these
Ave haA'e  the
   Aromatic  series or  hippuric, benzoic, phenosul-
phuric indoxylsulphuric and  scatolsulphuric acids,
urobilin  and organic bodies containing Sulphur.
   Inorganic Salts.—Sodium, chloride, Alkaline sul-
phates and phosphates of lime  and magnesia, Iron
Ammonia, Silicic acid, Nitric acid, and gases of Nitro-
gen, Oxygen and Carbonic acid.
   The most important of these constituents are
urea, sodium, chloride  and the potash salts.   The
urea and the Sodium chloride normally bear to each
other the proportion  of two to one, in febrile condi'
tions may be altered  to thirty to one.  In tAventy-
four hours the solids of the  urine average from 840
to 920 grains and in general, the solids increase with
the quantity of urine excreted.  Hence the value of
water in  phthisis.
   Urea  and uric  acid  are  formed in the  liver and
lymph glands, and are  most probably derived  from
the decomposition of albuminous bodies. According
to Parks 97 per cent, of Nitrogen of  the food (urea) 
78          CONSUMPTION and LIQUIDS.

is thus eliminated by the kidneys.  Urea is always in-
creased by a diet rich in proteids.  With a pure ani,
mal (Nitrogenous) diet there is formed in 24 hours
51 to 91 grains of urea, and Avith a non-nitrogenous
diet only 16.  The formation of urea and uric acid is
increased by muscular exertion, and greatly so,  in
the dyspnoea of phthisis.  Fasting  lowers the urea
by 10 to 11 grains and the excessive consumption  of
water raises it to 50 or more grains.  In phthisis more
Nitrogen (urea)  is eliminated than is present in the
food consumed.  Lessened respiratory power and dis-
turbance of the circulation increases the formation of
urea  and  uric  acid and decreases the Potash salts
and Sodic chloride.  The proportion of Sodic chlo-
ride in normal urine, is greater than that of all other
salts combined, but in high fevers, the Sulphates and
Phosphates predominate.  The average of Sodic chlo-
ride voided in 24 hours is 180 grains.  It is increased
after a meal, by the excessive use of common  salt, by
the drinking of water, by Potash salts and  by muscu-
lar exertion.  With an animal diet, the earthy basis
predominates, but with a vegetable, the potash salts
predominate.  A fever patient excretes more Potash
than  Soda;  the convalescent more Soda  than Pot-
ash.   The Potash salts  are  greatly  diminished  in
phthisis, and  in some  cases  the  urine becomes
albuminous.  The Soda  salts predominate  in  the
fluids of the body and the Potash salts in the formed
tissues.
   Skin.—The amount of Avater given off by  the skin
in 24 hours is from one to five pounds, averaging
about two  (32 ounces).  Dr. Seguin says  there is
about 18 grains of fluid given off from the skin and
lungs  every minute,  11 by the skin and 7 by the
lungs.  Of this  large amount of Avater the greater 
WATER.
79
portion passes off as insensible perspiration.  The
perspiration  is  greatly influenced by exercise, the
amount of fluid drunk, temperature and the dryness
of the atmosphere.
   The sweat  is secreted in  the coil of the sudori-
parous glands. As long as the secretion is small it
passes off as insensible  perspiration, but  Avhen the
secretion is increased, evaporation is prevented, and
drops of sweat appear on the surface of the skin.
   The influence of nerves upon the secretion of sweat
is very marked, and the  medulla oblongata contains
the dominating sweat centre, assisted by the vasom-
otor nerves, especially the vaso-dilators.  These are
excited directly by a  highly venous condition of the
blood,  as  during  dyspnoea, by [ overheated blood
streaming through the centre, or by poisons.  Keflex
symptoms often excite these centres.
   Chemical   Composition  of Sweat.—Water  is
the chief component  Avith a small amount of salts
and Carbonic  acid.  Human  sweat (after  Picard,
Schottin, etc.)

   Water -   -   -  -   -.....98.88
   Solids..........1.12
   Salts..........0,57
   Sodic Chloride.......0.22 to 33
   Alkaline sulphates, phosphates, and lactates and
      potassic chloride.......0.18
   Fats, fatty acids and cholesterin   ....   0.41
   Epithelium.........0.17
   Urea...........0.08

   Strongly Alkaline sweat from  the presence of
ammoniacal salts is occasionally met with in uraemia
and gout, and ATery acid SAveat  in acute rheumatism,
rickets and especially the night sweats of phthisis.
   Sebaceous Glands.—The fatty secretions of these 
80
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
glands  keep the  skin  supple.  The  chemical  con-
stituents of this secretion are olein, cholesterin,  a
small amount  of albumen, insoluble  earthy phos-
phates,  and traces of alkaline chlorides.  These are
all perverted in phthisis.
   Cutaneous Respiration.—The skin absorbs Oxy-
gen and exhales Carbonic acid gas.  The C02 exhaled
from the skin daily averages about 60 grains and the
0 absorbed is from 50 to 60  grains.  The exchange
of gases depends upon the  vascularity of the skin,
and the absorption of 0 depends upon the number of
red corpuscles in the blood.
   Lungs.— The average amount of water given off
by the lungs in  a healthy adult in 24 hours is 12
ounces,  the expired air  being constantly saturated
wTith watery vapor.  When the watery vapor in the
air varies, the lungs give off different quantities  of
water from the body, and the watery vapor is greatly
increased, wmen  the blood is  thoroughly saturated
Avith water.  During dyspnoea  and rapid  respiration
found in phthisis, asthma and all fevers  the  Avatery
vapor is greatly lessened and  physically  the  system
is crying for water to flush out the poison. Aqueous
vapor is always present in the air, generally it con-
tains  about three-fourths as  much as it can hold
when saturated.  If the air be too dry, it irritates the
mucous membrane. If too moist, there is a disagree-
able sensation, and if too Avarm, a feeling of closeness.
The most agreeable atmosphere to breathe  is that
saturated with watery vapor to  the extent of about
70 per cent. The  amount  of moisture in  the air
varies; during the day it increases Avith the increase
of temperature, and diminishes as the temperature
falls.  It also varies Avith the direction of the Avind,
height above the  sea level,  and season of the year. 
WATER.
81
 There is more watery \Tapor in  the south and west
 wind, than there is in the north and east Avind; more
 in  winter than  in summer, and but little  on high
 mountains.  Muscle work also greatly increases the
 watery vapor exhaled  from  the lungs,  sometimes
 more than doubling it.  The object of respiration is
 to supply Oxygen from the external air necessary for
 the  oxidation processes that are  going  on in the
 body, and to remove the Carbon dioxide (C02) and
 water formed Avithin the body.  There are two respi-
 rations, first outer, the exchange of gases betAveen the
 external air and  the blood gases  in the lungs and
 skin.  Second, the exchange of gases betAveen the
 blood in  the capillaries of the systemic circulation
 and the tissues of the body.
   The daily income and expenditure of  Oxygen and
 Carbonic acid gas are, Oxygen 744 grains (625 pints)
 taken in, and Carbonic  acid gas 800 grains (714%
 pints) given off.
  In the young, before the body has its groAvth, the
 CO2 increases and it decreases as the bodily energies
 decay.  Weight for weight, a child gives off twice as
 much CO2 as an  adult, and  males give off one-third
 more CO2  than females.   Energetic, muscular, active
 people use more Oand excrete more C02 than the less
 active or listless people.   During sleep the CO2 given
 off is diminished  one-quarter, due to the absence of
 muscular exertion, constant heat of the surrounding;
 bed clothing, darkness and non-taking of food.  It is
 diminished in darkness  and increases in  the light.
 Animals fatten more rapidly if kept in darkness.  0
is not stored up during sleep, but a  slight  amount is
absorbed and retained beyond Avha't occurs during a
period of wakefulness. Taking of food increases the
amount of CO2 given off, the greatest amount being
      6 
82          CONSUMPTION AND  LIQUIDS.
 about one hour after eating.  Food rich in Carbon
 (carbo-hydrates) cause a  greater  excretion of CO2
 than the albumens  (nitrogenous).  Regnault found
 that a dog gave off 79  per cent, of the 0 inspired
 after a  flesh diet and  91 per  cent, after a starch
 diet.
   Respiratory  Excitants. —The  most  powerful
 respiratory excitants as to the  excretion of CO2 are
 coffee, tea, sugar and rum.
   Non-excitants are starch, fats and alcoholic mix-
 tures.
   Respiration.—The average  number of respira-
 tions per minute in  the adult is from 15 to 24.  The
 pulse beats about four times to one respiration.  The
 respirations  are greatly influenced by position of
 the body.  In the horizontal position,  Guy counted
 13,  while sitting 19, and  while  standing 22 per
 minute.
         Year.         Respirations—average number
                               per minute.
           Otol.....-14
           1 to 5......26
         15 to 20.....20
         20 to 25......18
         25 to 30.....16
         30 to 50......18

   Muscular exertion and high temperature increases
the respirations. Gorhani  counted in children of
two to four years of  age during  sleep 24 and stand-
ing 32 respirations per minute.   Gases in the blood,
and fever greatly increase the respirations.  Respira-
tion  is increased a  little after mid-day and a little
after eating.  The will power can modify it  to  a cer-
tain  extent for a short time.
   Quantity of Gases Respired.—The lungs never 
WATER.
S3
 give out all the air they contain, about one-half re-
 maining after each expiration. Hutchinson tabulated
 it as follows, in a person that has a capacity of 230
 cubic inches: Complemental air, 110, Tidal air, 20;
 Reserve air, 100; Residual air, 100.
   Residual air is the volume of air that remains in
 the lungs after the most complete expiration.  It is
 1230 to 1040 c.c.  (100 to 130 cubic inches.)
   Reserve or supplemental  air is the  volume of
 air  Avhich can be expelled from the lungs after a
 normal quiet expiration.   It is from 1240 to  1800
.c.c.  (100  cubic inches.)
   Tidal  air is the volume of air which is  taken in
 and given out at each respiration.  It amounts to
 about 1500 c.c. (100 to 130 cubic inches).
   About 1-6  to  1-7 of the air in the lungs  is re-
 newed after each ordinary respiration.
   Vital  capacity is  the term applied to the volume
 of air which can be forcibly expelled  from the lungs
 after the  deepest  possible respiration.  It averages
 about  230 cubic  inches, varying Avith the height of
 the individual.   Every inch added to  the height of a
 man of five feet gives an increase of vital capacity of
 eight cubic inches.   Excessive bodily weight dimin-
 ishes it.   It is  less in Avoman  than  in man.   It is
 greater in the erect  posture.  Diseases of the  lung
 and abdomen  diminish it.  At 35 it is at its maxi-
 mum, after this age it decreases.
HEIGHT.
4 feet, 8 inches.
4	" 9	t.
4	" 10	u
4	" 11	u
5	" 0	((
5	" 1	(1
5	" 2	(1
MALE CAPACITY.
 134 cubic inches.
 142
 150
 158
 Kifl
 174     "
 182     "
FEMALE CAPACITY.
  96 cubic inches.
 104
 112
 120
 128
 136
 144 
84          consumption  and liquids.
5 feet, 3 inches.		190 cubic inches.		152 cubic
5 " 4	<<	198	u	160
5 " 5	u	206	It	168
5 " 6	"	214	((	176
5 " 7	(<	222	it	184
5 " 8	It	230	(I	192
5 " 9	It	238	It	200
5 "10	It	246	u	208
5 "11	u	254	n	216
6 " 0	u	262	u	224
inches.
   Strange as it may seem, Dr. Hutchinson's experi-
ments  show that  the height of  the individual,
instead of the circumference of the chest, governs the
lung capacity in  the  normal lung.  This seems the
more remarkable from the fact that the height does
not depend so much upon the length of the body as
upon the length of the loAArer extremities.
   Good  health requires that there  should meet to-
gether  in the  lungs every 24 hours, two thousand
gallons of blood and three  thousand gallons of air
to feed the  system  with O and expel the C02 and
watery vapor from the body.  How does the system
take up the O and excrete the C02 ?
   Chemical Process.—"AVhen the air meets the blood
in the venous capillaries Avherebythe blood is arterial-
ized, the O  diffuses itself from the air cells  of the
lungs in  the blood plasma.  The haemoglobin of the
blood corpuscles is changed at once into oxyhemo-
globin  by the unition of the  O, the O expelling the
C02."
   Excretion  of CO2.— The  excretion of   C02  is
partly  a chemical and  partly a  secretory process.
The absorption  of  oxygen by the red corpuscles  of
the blood expels the C02 which forms a partial chem-
ical compound Avith the gases of the air.   The oxy-
hsemoglobin on its course through the capillaries of the 
WATER.
85
systemic circulation  comes  into  contact with the
tissues  poor in  0,  the  oxyhemoglobin is disso-
ciated and  supplied to the  tissues, and  the blood
corpuscles freed from this 0 meets  with the C02 and
carries it from the tissues to the lungs,to be expelled in-
to the air during expiration, the giving up of 0 from the
blood to the tissues  and the absorption of the C02
from  the tissues  go on side  by side simultaneously,
Avhile in the lungs the reverse  process occurs simulta-
neously of  the C02 exhaled for every five parts, only
one  part comes  from the corpuscles, the remaining
four parts from the plasma.
   Tubercle—Chemical Constituents  (Simon).
	PER	CENT.
Water	-	82.6
Insoluble Organic	-	
Compounds	-	12.
Substances Soluble	-	
in Alcohol -	-	2.1
Fatty bodies Cholesterin -		
cerebrin	-	1.86
Watery Extract	-	0.84
Mineral Salts -	-	0.49
   The soluble salts consist chiefly of Sodium chloride
mixed with  Phosphate  and Sulphate of soda.  The
soluble salts chiefly of Phosphate of lime Avith a little
Carbonate, Silica and Oxide of iron, sometimes  cho-
lesterin and a little of the proteids.
   The above shows us why water is so valuable in
arresting and washing out (when formed)  this tuber-
cular deposit, for over three quarters of the compon-
ent parts of tubercule is formed of water.
   SPUTA.—Normally there is but  little mucous se-
creted from the air passages, but in pulmonary dis-
eases the mucous membrane lining the respiratory
 Calcareous  concretions  are
often present in these tubercular
deposits.

Insoluble Salts  -   -   70.1
Soluble   -  -   -   -  29.5 
86
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
tract in some cases secrete an  enormous amount of
mucous, mixed Avith saliva, nasal  mucous  and pus.
In phthisis it ranges from 80 to 150 grams, in 24
hours, in bronchitis and pneumonia it often exceeds
this.  The color, odor, vicidity vary in different pul-
monary affections, red coming from the presence of
blood, green  from biliary pigment, black from par-
ticles inhaled by miners,  a putrid odor in  chronic  %
bronchitis and in gangrene.
   In phthisis the  sputum  contains  tubercle cor-
puscles, mucous, blood, albumen, fat, yellow elastic
fibers and tubercular bacilli.
   In chronic cases there are but few tubercle bacilli
found.  Abundant bacilli  are found when  there is
rapid softening, hectic fever and night  sweats.  This
is absolute proof that these bacilli are nothing but
scavengers and they are always on hand when their
food is  abundant and they can be  of service to
man.
   Faeces.— In a healthy adult the excretion of faecal
matter  averages  about  five  ounces  in  24 hours,
varying with the  amount and kind of food taken.
A  vegetable diet  greatly increases the amount of
faecal matter discharged, and  it is lessened by a diet
of albumen and flesh. The quantity of water taken
has no effect upon the amount of water in the faeces,
but the energy of the peristalsis has.  The more ener-
getic the intestinal peristalsis the more watery  the
faeces, because sufficient time is not allowed for  the
absorption of water from the ingesta.  The  amount
of the water present  in the faeces averages about 75
per cent.   A flesh diet causes dry faeces; a diet rich
in sugar yields Avateiy faeces.  •
   Analysis  of Faeces—Avith a  mixed diet (Berze-
lius). 
WATER.                   87
Water  -    -   -   -   75.3
Uarts soluble in water  -   5.7
Bile -----    0.9
Albumen  -             0.9
Extractives  -   -   -    2.7
Salts   ---   -   1.2
Insoluble constituents  -  21.0
Undigested food  -   -   7.0
Mucous, fat, etc.   -   -  14.0
   Color.—This varies Avith the nature  of the food
and with the altered bile pigments.  A meat diet gives
us dark broAvn  stools, mixed diet  yellowish  brown,
and a milk diet yelloAV.
   The smell depends  principally upon the indol
and skatol present, to a less degree on the sulphur-
etted hydrogen, Valerianic and Butyric acids and  is
stronger after a flesh diet than after a vegetable.
   Indol.— This is one of the products of the  putre-
faction of the albumen.
   Skatol.— This is a constant constituent of the
fa'ces, formed by the putrefaction of albumen.
   Excretin.— This is  found in very small quantities
in the faeces and is  principally cholesterin.
   Micro-Organisms.— Micrococci and bacteria are
constantly found, and the yeast plant  is  seldom ab-
sent.
   Air  is constantly swallowed with the  food, the 0
fs rapidly absorbed in the  intestinal  tract,  and the
blood  Aressels in the intestinal wall give  off  C02 by
diffusion from the  blood and this C02  is discharged
in the faeces.  Normally, the food  taken  should re-
main in the small intestines three hours,  and tAvelve
hours  in the  large intestines, Avhere  the water  and
nouiishing portions are absorbed and taken into the
circulation to nourish the body.  In phthisis  accom-
panied with diarrhoea, the water and  nutritious ele-
ments are lost, hence the emaciation.
   This shows us  hoAv the  four emunctories  of the
system take care of and evolve  so  much Avater daily 
88          CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.

from  the  body.  Any  Aariation  of  this  results in
disease.
   Fluid Food.— In all Avasting diseases, especially in
consumption, there is a deficiency or lack of water in
the system, and Avithout this deficiencj^ is made up,
death must be the inevitable result.  To make up this
deficiency the system demands daily much moreAvater
than  it does in health, for  the Avaste of the body is
much greater in disease than in health.  How to make
up this great deficiency of Avater is the great problem
for the physician to solve in the treatment of tuberculo-
sis.  To make up this deficiency of fluid there should
be introduced from one to tAvo gallons  of Avater daily
into the system in addition to that taken with the
food.  Physiology teaches us that to nourish the body
properly the food eaten daily by an adult should con-
tain from 15 to  25  ounces  of Avater, and to  digest
this there  should be added from 60 to 70 ounces more
of fluid, making in all  from  75 to 1)5 ounces of water
daily to carry on the proper  physiological  functions
of the body.   Noav, if the  system  demands three
quarters of a gallon of water daily, to carry on its
natural functions, it is not only reasonable, but good
practice, to introduce more fluid into the sj'stem in a
diseased condition, Avith fever and all  the secretions
more or less arrested, to flush and wash out the effete
poisonous Avaste matter constantly accumulating in
the body; and the introduction of one  or two  gal-
lons more of fluid, according to the  size of the  per-
son, is not any too much to cleanse, nourish and lu-
bricate the tissues, and restore them to their natural
functions.
   Noav, how shall so large a quantity of water be in-
troduced into the  system daily?  Many patients Avill
have  no trouble at all in drinking  this amount of 
WATER.
89
fluid, but Avith some the task Avill be performed with
great difficulty, and it w ill require all  the persuasive
powers of the physician and their surrounding asso-
ciates to get them to perform it. I have learned that
it is better that patients should not take this large
amount of water pure, but to commingle it with va-
rious nutritious substances that will have a tendency
to build up the solids as well as the fluids of the body,
for it is as important to build up the solids, as well as
the fluids of the body.   The great aim of a physician
in treating a case of consumption should  be  to build
up and fatten his patient, and that is what takes
place in  this new method of  treating phthisis.  The
patients all gain from one half to two pounds of flesh
a week, according to the emaciation present.
   The  folloAving  list  of fluids  contains  the most
common and useful drinks to be used in the treatment
of tuberculosis; many  more can be added as the prac-
titioner deems useful:
Pure water
Mineral AA'ater
Water with tai
Water  with
  phoric acid
Water with Sugai
Water with Salt
Aerated  Water
  bonated)
Grape Juice
Beer
Cider
Lemonade
Orangeade
Milk
Condensed Milk
Skimmed Milk
Buttermilk
      Pulque
      Wine
      Wine Whey
Phos-  Scraped lean  beef
        water
      Toast Water
      Barley-water
 (car- Crust Coffee Water
      Clam Juice
      Conch Clam juice
      Fluid Beef Extracts
      Bovinine
      Extract, of Beef (Ar-
        mour)
      Valentine's  Meat
        Juice
      Liebig's Beef Tea
      Beef Tea
Johnston's  Fluid
  Beef
Egg Nogg
Coffee
Tea
Chocolate
Cocoa
Rice Water
Bread-jelly
Oatmeal Porridge
Oat Meal Gruel
Arrow Root
Decoction of Iceland
  Moss
Decoction of Carra-
  green Moss
Horlick's  Malted
  Milk 
90
CONSUMPTION AND  LIQUIDS.
Flour and Milk	Pineapple	Malt Extracts
Gum water	Orange	Granum
Tamarand Whey	Fruit Jelly Water Horlick's Food	
Milk Peptonoid	Red Currant Jelly Ridge's Food	
Koumiss	Black Currant	Gerber's Milk Food
Kefir	Grape	' Neave's Food
Lime Juice	Quince	' Nestle's Food
Pineapple Juice	Raspberry	' Liebig's Food
Strawberry "	Strawberry	Chicken Broth
Raspberry "	Crabapple	' Beef Soup
Cherry	Pineapple	Turtle Soup
Peach	Lemon	Oatmeal water
Fig	Orange	' Panada
Fruit Syrups	Calves' Feet	Linseed Tea
Strawberry	Beef Peptonoids Vichy Water	
Raspberry	Soluble Food	
Lemon	Lacto Preparata	
   WATER.—Pure water  constitutes the essential
physiological basis of all our drinks, and is more es-
sential to the life of man than solid food.  Without
Avater there can be no circulation nor  molecular mo-
bility of any kind.  Water forms  the liquid element of
all the secretions, and is the medium for dissolving
the food during digestion so that the  system can ab-
sorb the  nutritious elements of  the food  and cause
the effete portions to pass out of the  body.   True
aliment  is  a  mixture  of food-stuffs  Avith  Avater
commingled Avith the Oxygen and Nitrogen of the
air.
   Water Generally.—The  purer the Avater, the
better  it is  suited  for  our   use.  For drinking
purposes, it should  be  bright and clear, devoid of
taste and smell.  It is always more or less impreg-
nated Avith a certain amount of gaseous and solid
matter.  When the gaseous matter  consists  of air
and  Carbonic acid it gi\Tes the  Avater an agreeable
briskness and a much better taste, and is a desirable 
AVATER.
91
accompaniment.  The  less there  is of solid matter,
the better the Avater is for drinking purposes.
   Rain Water.— This  constitutes the aqueous A'apor
AArhich has existed in the atmosphere and becoming
condensed has descended in  a liquid form, and may
be  considered our purest  Avater.  It is found  to be
highly aerated, contains traces of Ammonia, Nitric
acid, etc., Avith a little organic matter.  It is particu-
larly eligible  for drinking purposes and domestic use,
on account of its freedom from earthy salts.  Great
care should be taken in collecting it in its purity.
   Distilled Water.— This  water,  when properly
aerated Avith Carbonic acid and air, is one of the best
for drinking purposes.   From the absence of air after
distillation, it has too  flat a taste.
   Spring AYater.— This is rain Avater which has per-
colated through  the  earth, and made  its  escape
through some opening at a loAver point admitting its
floAv.  It is charged Avith saline and gaseous matter,
according to the composition of the soil it has per-
meated.  Many of these springs  furnish us Avith the
best kind of drinking Avater.   Surface  Avater from
superficial wells,  is liable to be  contaminated Avith
organic impurities, that often give  rise to serious
consequences. All such Avells should  be avoided.
Carbonic  acid,  in some  proportion,  is found  in
almost all spring Avater, and if these waters could be
thoroughly charged with Carbonic acid  gas and Sul-
phuretted hydrogen Avhen drunk, their curative prop-
erties would be greatly enhanced.   We Avould then
get the same effect as  produced by injections of this
gas per rectum.  (Dr. L. Bergeon's method.)
   River Water.— This consists partly of rain water
and partly of spring water.  Some riA^ers furnish us
with good drinking Avater, but they are the excep- 
<.)2
consumption and  liquids.
 tion.  As a rule,  river Avater should not be drunk;
 the  refuse of towns and cities being alloAved to com-
 mingle with these Avaters, they become disease car-
 riers and should be a Avoided.
   Mineral AA7aters.— These are simply complicated
 medicines,  containing  various  salts  and   gases
 blended  together,  these  being derived from the soil
 and rocks through Avhieh  they  haA^e percolated.
 Some  of these Avaters, especially the Sulphur Avaters,
 earthy mineral  Avaters,  Carbonic  acid  Avaters and
 Chalybeate Avaters have been very useful in chronic
 pulmonary diseases.  Their best effects are produced
 when drunk at their source.  But this is often impos-
 sible,  the  patient not being able to go to  them,
 in this case, the Avaters must  be brought to them.
   Purification of AYater.— AATater from shalloAv
 wells and river Avater should ahvays be regarded with
 suspicion and subjected to  a preparatoiy purifica-
 tion before being used as drinking water.  Filtration
 through sand and gravel  that is  well  covered Avith
 animal charcoal, Avill remove  the organic matter and
 noxious  excreta that  are  so dangerous to life, and
 render such  Avater excellent  for  drinking purposes.
 But  when such water  is greatly contaminated with
 the noxious excreta from typhoid fever and cholera
 patients, or sewage, the  Avater ahould be discarded,
 or if it has to be used, it should be thoroughly boiled
 instead of relying  solely on filtration.  Boiled water
 is  absolutely sterilized and  freed from  all noxious
 poisons.   Water containing an excess of lime can be
purified  by Prof.  Clark's method of adding caustic
lime, Avhieh will cause the foreign element to  fall to
the bottom  in an insoluble  state, or a solution of
Iron, or Alum, one part to twenty thousand clarifies
the muddiest Avater. 
WATER.
93
   MILK.—This  is the most useful drink given to
 man, for it  not only contains water, but all the
 chemical elements that go to make up his body, and
 life can be sustained  Avith it alone for a long time,
 but  to  administer  it successfully for any length of
 time, it must be commingled with some of the carbo-
 hydrates, for  milk  alone contains too much nitro-
 genous  matter in proportion to the carbo-hydrates
 to form a complete  food for adults;  but Avhen taken
 with a small amount of bread, oatmeal, corn bread,
 potatoes, etc., then it becomes a  perfect food for an
 adult.  A nitrogenous diet of milk and meat alone, is
 unphysiological and wrong.   The great tax upon the
 liver and kidneys Avith this  diet  Avill soon produce
 albuminuria.
   From  one  quart to a gallon of milk should be
 drunk daily.  In some patients milk is repulsive and
 disagrees; in these cases lime water, one-third to one-
 half can be commingled with the milk, and in this way
 enable the  patient to  drink it  successfully.   But
 better still and much more palatable, some alkaline
 mineral  Avater, such as Yichy  or Applinaris can be
 added in the same proportion.  Or, to  each quart of
 milk add forty grains or Bicarbonate of soda Avith a
 little salt and then add  one quart of water.  Or,
 Carnrick's Soluble Food  and Liquid Peptonoid can
 be taken Avith the milk, especially where the glands
 of the bowels are involved  and Ave have  diarrhoea.
 The  milk should be boiled in  cases that have diar-
 rhoea.  Some patients Avill have to take it warm.
   German See considers the peculiar value of milk
in phthisis to depend upon the fat it contains, and he
argues that Avhen enough milk is taken to provide
the requisite amount of the other elements necessary
for the nutrition  of the body, the fatty constituents 
94
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
are in large excess, and this he regards as its great-
est recommendation.  For  an exclusively milk diet
he estimates the necessary quantity at three litres
daily (105 ounces)  rather more than  five imperial
pints.  If diarrhoea is present, goat's milk should be
used on account of the lime salts it contains.
   The utility of fatty substances in phthisis is un-
doubted, and  in those cases in which Ave encounter
an insuperable difficulty in procuring the acceptance
of the digestion of cod-liver oil, we  should urge our
patients to consume  as  much butter and cream as
they can digest.
   Malted Milk.—Horlick's preparation of Malted
Milk contains all the elements of  nutrition and as a •
drink is of untold value to the phthisical patient.  It
requires no  cooking,  and  will dissolve readily in
either hot or cold Avater, making a highly nutritious
and pleasant drink, that can be  taken and digested
by the Aveakest stomach.  From tAvo to six  quarts of
this malted  milk should be taken  daily, combined
with solid food.
   Peptonized  Milk.—Milk, Avhen peptonized, con-
tains but  an insignificant amount of unassimilable
material.  AA nen taken hot, it is absorbed Avith re-
markable rapidity, and  the beneficial influences, so
justly attributed to hot milk  by the record, are ex-
perienced in a still greater degree from the ingestion of
hot peptonized milk.   We are able to state this from
our personal  experience and observation of its  use.
Not only for invalids and delicate people, but for stu-
dents and overtaxed people. ForoneAvho is obliged to
study late at night,  a glass of  peptonized milk taken
at such times, has most beneficial and  sustaining ef-
fects in every way.  There is nothing better to work
upon, nothing better to sustain one's energies, both 
AVATER.
95
of mind and body, under such circumstances than hot
peptonized milk,  as  a nourishment  before retiring
Avhen fatigued and overworked, it is the ideal food.
   It can be prepared in one's room without much
trouble,  or any special conveniences.   The peptoniz-
ing powder should be mixed with  the cold milk and
heated gradually over a flame for a few minutes until
it is  as  Avarm as  can  be  agreeably  borne by the
mouth, and sipped like a cup of tea or bouillon.
   Buttermilk.—This is an elegant drink for  some
patients, and is of considerable nutritiA-e value, con-
taining albumen, finely coagulated casein salts, water
and sugar, Avhieh are largely  converted into lactic
acid. It  should be drunk fresh as it soon decomposes.
Buttermilk contains less fat than skimmed milk and
is a favorite beverage with many.  It can be taken in
large quantities the same as milk.
   Skimmed Milk.—This is the residue after the  re-
moval of the cream. Many  patients that cannot take
fats can  use milk in this form with great benefit.   It
has long been the standard diet in albuminuria; from
one to two gallons can be taken daily.
   Whey.— Though not ATery nutritious, this is an ex-
ceedingly useful fluid food in phthisis, and in many feb-
rile diseases, Avhen milk cannot be digested.  It is a
pleasant beverage and can  be gwen freely, from two
to four quarts daily, and in this Avay much nutritiA^e
matter can be introduced into the system.  It is elim-
inated by the  kidneys rapidly.  Much fruit and A^ege-
tables should be taken with the Avhey.   It contains in
solution  the sugar and the salts of the  milk and
holds also in  suspension a considerable portion  of
casein and fat, Avhieh passes through the strainer.
   To make Avhey, take half a pint of fresh milk, heat
it about  150 degrees Fahrenheit  and  1% teaspoon- 
96
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
fuls of wine of pepsin, or one teaspoonful of Fairchild's
Essence of Pepsin and stir just enough to mix.  Let
the mixture stand in a Avarm place until firm coagu-
lation has taken place.  Next beat up the curd until
it  is finally divided and strain.  Another  Avay is to
boil a quart of milk Avith tAvo teaspoonfuls of lemon
juice.  After coagulating, break up the curd and then
strain through muslin and express all  the  fluid.  It
can also be made with white vinegar, Avhite  Avine,
cream of tartar, rennet or alum.
   This whey can be made more nutritious by adding
strong beef tea, or Valentine's Meat Juice, or the yolk
of an egg previously whipped up Avi th a little hot water.
   AVine AVhey.— Put one  pint of fresh milk into a
vessel and let it come to a boil; then add sloAvly half
a wineglass full of sherry  wine, boil for fifteen min-
utes, skimming off  the curd; then  add two table-
spoonfuls more of Avine, sweeten  to taste  and it is
ready for use.
   Cream.— This  is the fat  of milk, and patients that
can use fats, a little of this diluted in hot Avater can
be drunk with great benefit. Butter taken with other
food should be eaten in large quantities by patients
suffering from phthisis; it Avill prove a good substi-
tute for cod-liver  oil.
   Condensed Milk.—AVhere pure fresh milk cannot
be obtained, condensed milk will be found invaluable.
Dilute with warm or cold  Avater, from ten to thirty
parts according to taste.
   GRAPE JUICE—Unfermented grape juice, such as
used for sacramental and medicinal uses, is  probably
the most useful element (outside of milk) Ave have to
commingle Avith Avater to form a beverage  for a pa-
tient suffering with phthisis. A patient can live a long
time on grape juice alone, for it not  only contains 
WATER.
97
water, but many of the elements that go to build up
the solids of the  body.  When it cannot be taken in
its purity, one ounce, more or less, can be added to a
pint of water and taken at once.  This will  be found,
not  only palatable but very nourishing, and can be
drunk longer than any  substance that I am ac-
quainted with or have used. The best  preparation
that I have found is that  prepared by  Dr. AArelch of
Vineland, N. J., for sacramental  and medicinal uses;
it is so carefully  prepared, and so thoroughly claru
fied, that when uncorked, if kept in a cool cellar, it
will not ferment for many days.  That sold by Gross
& Delbridge comes next to this.
   Grape Cure.—That is,  a diet composed exclu-
sively of grapes,  to which can be added for many pa-
tients with  profit, currants, green gages, peaches,
cherries,  figs, raisins, raspberries, blackberries and
strawberries. Van Swieten is said to  have recom-
mended in special cases the eating of twenty pounds
of strawberries in  one day, and reports a case of
phthisis cured from eating strawberries; but grapes
have proved the most  beneficial.  Grape juice is
looked upon by many chemists as a sort of  vegetable
milk, the composition of which closely resembles that
of human milk, and is  almost identical  with that of
buttermilk.  Patients can eat from one to ten pounds
daily, selecting those that are not too acid.  In some
patients this  Avill  prove laxative, but  differing from
mineral waters, for while increasing the excretions the
grapes also increase the Aveight and vigor of the body.
Often bread and milk can be added to the grapes with
benefit to the patient.  Many cases of consumption
have been reported  cured  Avith  grapes  alone, espe-
cially in the first stages.
   KOUMISS.—To   prepare  koumiss,  take  three 
98
CONSUMPTION  and  liquids.
quarts of milk, one quart boiling Avater/ one small
teacupful of granulated sugar, and one desert spoon-
ful of brewer's yeast, stir well, put in ajar, cover Avith
a plate and keep in a Avarm room from  four to  six
hours, until a slight singing sound is heard, a sign of
commencing fermentation.  Bottle and secure corks
well by tying them in.  Patent ale or beer bottles  are
good/ Ready for use in six hours. Improved by age.
Keep in a cool room, use with a champagne tap, take
from one quart to six daily.
   KEFFER,  OR AVINE OF MILK.—To fresh milk
add two per cent, of simple syrup, a little Citric acid;
after being well shaken, cork securely and keep in a
warm  place.  Ready for  use  in four  days.  It is
strongly effervescent, contains two per cent, of Alco-
hol and ranks with koumiss.  Use  same as koumiss.
   FRUIT JUICES, OR
Pineapple Juice
Lime
Raspberry  "
Strawberry "
Peach     "
Cherry
Blackberry "
Fig
   FRUIT JELLIES:
  The  juice of these  various
fruits  when commingled with
water  forms an elegant drink
for many patients.   Use  one
ounce of the juice, more or less,
according to the taste, to one
pint of water.
  The various fruit jellies when
commingled with  water, in the
proportion of one or more tea-
spoonfuls of the  jelly  to one
pint of water, form one of the
the most palatable and deli-
cious drinks a patient can take,
and not tire of them for a long
time.
Red Currant Jelly
Black Currant "
Blackberry   "
Grape       "
Quince       "
Raspberry    "
Crabapple    "
Pineapple    "
Pear        "
Lemon       "
Orange       " 
WATER.
99
   PULQUE.—This is the sap of the Maguey, or Cen-
tury Plant of Mexico. The sap, or Pulque, is as nutri-
tious as milk, Avhieh it  resembles and is to-day the
food  and drink of millions of the  Mexican people,
and is used as universally as milk  is in our country.
Pulque is not intoxicating and may be taken free as
water, but Mescal, which  is made from  the  same
plant, is intoxicating.  The  chemical  analysis of
Pulque give us Gum Arabic, Phosphorous, Potas-
sium, Magnesia, Lime, Chloral, Alumina, Sulphuric,
Phosphoric  and Saline  Acids.  For dyspepsia  and
kidney  diseases, especially Blight's Disease of the
Kidneys, nothing known to physicians can equal the
Pulque.  In phthisis the use of Pulque from one to
six quarts daily will prove more useful than milk. To
make it more palatable the consumer if  desired, can
add the juice of any fruit,  orange,  or  lemon, that
may please his palate, and  in this way be able to
consume it in large quantities. Its action is tonic in
nature, increasing the appetite, toning up the system
Avhen fatigued, quieting nervous disorders, and  mak-
ing good healthy blood  to nourish and  support the
body.
   CLAM JUICE.—This fluid food is of great value to
patients that are  very nervous  and greatly  pros-
trated.  A pint bottle of Clam juice contains the vital
essence of about 1500 Clams.  It can be seen at once
its nutritive value as a  food in debilitated constitu-
tutions, can be hardty estimated.  One or two  pints
of this salty, mucilaginious fluid food can be taken
daily, combined Avith some of the carbo-hydrates.
   LEMONADE OR ORANGEADE—These palatable
drinks can be taken in large quantities by phthisical
patients, especially in hot  weather.  It  is better to
combine  Avith these fluids some  of the  carbo-hy- 
100         CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
drates, as bread in some of its various forms.  The
white of an egg or a Avhole egg added to lemonade
enables it to be frothed up, and makes a pleasant and
nutritive drink.
   GRUELS.— The commingling of farina Avith Avater
or  milk, forms a gruel, and oatmeal is the form of
farina most used.   Oatmeal gruel made Avith water
or milk is  a splendid food; a piece of butter and  a
little sugar and salt improves the drink.  An excel-
lent drink  is made  by adding a handful of oatmeal
to a gallon of water.
   RICE WATER—This   is  a  pleasant nutritive
drink.  It may be flavored by any vegetable juice, as
that of  the current, raspberry, apple,  grape,  mul-
berry, etc.  Malt extract can be added with profit.
   BARLEY AVATER—The same applies to this as
that said of rice Avater; both can be drunk in large
quantities.
   TOAST WATER AND  CRUST COFFEE.—Many
patients can drink large  quantities of toast water
and crust coffee.  The various jellies can be added to
this water, Avhieh makes it a pleasant and nutritious
drink. Use from one to six quarts daily.
   BEER.— Of all the alcoholic drinks, beer occupies
the  first place as  a fluid food; cider  second,  AA'ine
third, and alcohol fourth.   Beer is not only stimulat-
ing  and tonic, but contains some of the carbo-hy-
drates and is a true  fluid, nutritious food.  AA mile
the Carbonic acid exhaled is slightly diminished when
Beer and Avine are taken in moderate quantities, the se-
cretion of the gastric and pancreatic juices is favored
and there is a gentle excitation of the nerve centres,
and at the same time an  undoubted addition made
in the form of  salts, fats, glycerine and albuminoids.
As to the role played by alcohol in the economy, there 
AVATER.
101
 is still some difference of opinion, but the weight of
 evidence is in favor of the theory that it acts slightly
 as an aliment.  Liebig held the opinionthat "Alcohol
 and Alcoholic drinks  are from their price most costly
 materials of respiration. The same effect could be
 produced in the body by means of saccharine and fari-
 naceous articles  of food at one-fourth or one-fifth
 the cost."  "If much Alcohol be gh'en Avithout other
 readily oxidizable food — Avhile furnishing a  certain
 amount of respiratory food in itself— its effect is to
 consume the body-store; in other Avords, to produce
 physiological bankruptcy.  Especially is this to be
 borne in mind Avhen  there  is danger of the  system
 sinking from exhaustion.  Many a case of acute dis-
 ease, especially fevers, has been sent into the graATe,
 never dug by nature  but by over stimulation."  Ad-
 mitting this to be painfully true, there is still a useful
 field for Alcohol.   AA'hen the digestive organs are se-
 riously enfeebled, dilute Alcohol is all that the patient
 can take or the stomach retain. Alcohol requires no
 digestion;  by its  ready diffusibility it quickly passes
 by osmosis from  the  stomach into the blood.  Now,
 commingle Avith the Alcohol some of the carbo-hy-
 drates, as rice Avater, toast  Avater, oatmeal, gruel or
 milk, and then Alcohol occupies a  place  as  a food
that cannot be  supplied by any other fluid.  Beer,
ale, porter  are all made from malted grain, hops and
other bitter substances being added  as  they all con-
tain malt extracts, their nutritive value is  greater
than Avine  or any other spirits.  Beer increases  the
appetite and  favors  the deposition of fat.  The
habitual beer consumer is known by his obesity, his
flushed face, embarrassed breathing, puffy hands, yel-
Ioav conjunctiva, etc.  He is usually short-lived and
the end is from fatty  degeneration either of the heart 
102         CONSUMPTION AND  LIQUIDS.

or the liver. But a moderate amount of beer can be
taken for a lifetime without any impairment of the
functions, by the thin and emaciated; but excessively
fat, fleshy people, should avoid beer as  they Avould
poison.   From one to two quarts can be taken daily,
and some of the carbo-hydrates had better be eaten
AA'ith it.
   Ale that is loaded Avith Carbonic acid gas is one of
the best  expectorants I have found in  bad  cases of
consumption, nothing will give the patient more com-
fort.  All wines and Avaters that are Avell charged with
Carbouic acid  gas will  be found to do positiAe good
to patients suffering  Avith  phthisis, while flat Avines
and liquors will prove injurious.
   MALT EXTRACTS.—The extracts  of malt is a
most excellent fluid food in phthisis.  One teaspoon-
ful of the extract contains a larger quantity of the
soluble constituents of malt than is found in a pint
of the best ale.  It contains as Avell as carbo-hydrates
some soluble albumenoids and salts without alcohol.
Ground malt has a great future before it, as  the  di-
gestive organs are enfeebled by the advance of civili-
zation, pre-digested starch must come more and more
into use, and ground malt added  to baked flour, or
baked fariua in any  form, before the hot  milk is
poured on, makes a most digestible dish.   This  milk
pudding should,  when mixed,  be placed on a  hot
plate, \vhere its heat will be maintained, and  then the
diastase of the malt a<ts promptly upon  the farina.
Such a milk pudding is very  fluid and can be taken in
large quantities.  It may be enriched by the addition
of an egg.  Hoff's Malt Extract is one of my favor-
ite preparations.  It can  be used  as a delightful and
nutritious table  beverage, as a pleasant strengthen-
ing tonic, as a safe and efficacious remedy in disorders 
WATER.                  103
of the throat, chest, lungs and stomach, such as ca-
tarrh, sore throat, hoarseness, cough, colds, consump-
tion, dyspepsia, constipation, foul stomach, etc.
   Asa substitute for Ale, Beer, Porter and every de-
scription  of  alcoholic drink, all of Avhieh are more
stimulating than nourishing, while the reverse is true
of Hoff'sMalt Extract, AAmich can be used by the most
delicate invalid with the best effect.
   It is also the best known preparation for the weak
and debilitated, especially nursing mothers, as it not
only strengthens the entire system, but acts  directly
on the mammary glands,  thus assisting the secretion
of milk.
   Directions.— As  a  table  drink it may be  used  at
pleasure;  as a nutrient or tonic for invalids, persons
in delicate health, nursing mothers, etc., it should  be
taken in doses of from a wine glassful to one-third of
a bottle three times a day, before  or during meals.
The best medicinal effects  are obtained by taking the
malt extract regularly for a  definite period in  doses
as above,  and the result will  be that the food Avill  be
properly digested and assimilated and a healthy  in-
crease of  Aveight  observed.  For  obstinate  coughs,
bronchitis, asthmatic affections, and disorders of the
chest and  lungs, warm it thoroughly, and add a lump
of sugar and take in the  morning, at  noon,  and be-
fore retiring at night.  On each occasion one-third of
a bottle.  In hot climates, or in cases Avhere the malt
extract is  thought to be too  heavy for delicate stom-
achs, it may be diluted Avith  plain soda Avater (Car-
bonated Avater) to  suit  the taste.  In the intervals
between taking the malt extract, the bottle should be
tightly corked and laid upon its side in a refrigerator
or other  cool  place.  The most useful and best way
for a phthisical patient  to  take malt is to  dissolve 
104         CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
the malt extract in aerated water (one ounce of malt
to the quart) and drink from two to four quarts of
this aerated Avater daily. If aerated water cannot be
had, use hot water, commingled  with milk.  Best's
tonic can be used the same Avay."
   EGGS.— The egg is the most concentrated and nu-
tritious food Ave have.  If Ave include the shell, it con-
tains all the elements of the body.  Hen's eggs are
those chiefly used for  human food, but those  of the
duck, goose, turkey and guinea-foAvl are also much
used.  Turtle eggs ought to be valuable in  phthisis.
Plover's eggs are greatly esteemed for their delicacy
of flavor.  The eggs of all birds have the same com-
position and are suitable for food, but are, as a rule,
too small to bother Avith.
   The average weight of a  hen's egg is tAvo ounces,
of which 105 grains are shell, 405 grains Avhite, and
240 grains yolk.   In  e\Tery 100 grains, Parks calcu-
lated there Avould be ten grains of the shell, 22.8 of al-
buminates  and fat,  and 67.2  of water.   He also
estimated  that an egg Aveighing tAvo  ounces  would
contain just 200  grains  of solids, and Pavy says
such  an egg Avould yield 100 grains of nitrogenous
substance, 82 grains of fat, and  11 grains  of saline
matter.  The shell is composed of 91 per cent. Cal-
cic carbonate,  six per cent. Calcic  phosphate, and
three per cent, organic matter.
   The Avhite of an egg contains less solids  than the
yolk, and much less fat.  It consists chiefly of albu-
men  dissolved  in  Avater, and  enclosed in a delicate
membrane, it coagulates at  158° F.
   The yolk contains  much more fat than the Avhite,
vitillin is its chief albuminous constituent.   It also
contains olein, palmitin, cholesterin and much lecithin,
and a yelloAV coloring matter,  inorganic salts,  ex. 
WATER.
105
tractives, and a little grape sugar.  The yolk has an
excess of Phosphate  and  the white  an  excess  of
Chlorides.
   LANDOIS ANALYSIS.       WHITE OF AN EGG.       YOLK.
   Water                   84.8             51.5
   Albuminates               12.0             15.0
   Fats, etc.                  2.0             30.0
   Mineral Matter              1.2              1.4
   Pigment extractives          --              2.1
   The  yolk in an  alimentary point of  view, is  of
more importance than the white,  as it contains more
fat as well  as a peculiar form of albumen,  whereas
the white is  chiefly a  simple  solution of albumen.
The white of an egg, if taken in  large quantities, in
some persons, will  produce albuminuria, but the
slightest amount of cooking will  prevent this.  Eggs
are an easily digested  food, if taken raw  or  slightly
cooked, but hard cooked eggs are difficult of digestion.
In albuminuria and  the uric acid diathesis,eggs should
not be used.  In  phthisis an egg is of great value,
beaten  up  in  milk  and  wine, or  brandy,  forming
an excellent concentrated and nutritious food, and
may be taken three times a day between meals.  An
egg beaten  up in coffee or lemonade is also excellent.
One pint of milk, one egg, a teaspoonful of sugar,
two spoonfuls of  rum, and  a suspicion  of  nutmeg,
all beaten  together,  taken the  first thing in the
morning, has been credited with curing consump-
tion.   If this is  taken just before going to bed, it
Avill often prevent night  sweats.  Eggs  beaten  up
with hot water  and  milk, Avith a  little  wine  or
brandy, sweetened if desired, form an excellent drink
in phthisis.
   There are more than five hundred ways that eggs
may be  prepared as food,  all  of  which are more 
106         CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.

or less  useful,  but a soft boiled  or dropped  eggr
is probably the best form for the sick.
   OYSTEllS.—These should be classed  among the
fluid foods, for the chemical analysis shows them to
be nearly all water.  Konig and Krauch found the
whole contents of the oyster shell to contain 89.69
per cent, water, 4.95 albuminates, 0.37 fat, and 2.62
extractive.  The oyster consists of two parts, hard
and soft.  The hard portion is the muscle that binds
the shell  together;  it  is  not  easily  digested and
should not be gi\Ten to invalids, Avith weak digestive
organs.  The soft portion is the liver, and is very
bulky and easy of digestion.
   Oysters in  season, if eaten raAv, are very easy of
digestion, and form an excellent food for the phthisi-
cal.   Cooking, whether by grilling, scallopping  or
stewing, coagulates and hardens them, which makes
them more difficult to digest.  At the time of spa.Avn-
ing in the month of May, they often produce noxious
symptoms and should  be avoided.  The larger the
oyster the better the food.  Ten dozen can be eaten
daily.   If the  oyster was prepared in the fluid form,
like the clam juice, it would form an excellent drink
in phthisis, especially if commingled with some of the
carbo-hydrates.
   FLUID  BEEF  EXTRACTS. —In phthisis, and
other febrile diseases, there is, so to speak, a mineral
inanition, or famine of saline salts and water. In the
administration of the various forms of fluid beef,  we
are enabled to supply the tissues Avith these saline
matters and Avater, that are being constantly drained
away, and in  this  way, the albuminous extracts of
meat perform a great use in the system, not only by
building up  tissue formation,  but  especially  by
checking  tissue  waste.   Water,  commingled  with 
WATER.
107
 saline matter is the greatest tonic that can be given
 to man.
   These proteids or albuminoids, form the solid con-
 stituents of the blood, nerve, muscle, glands and or-
 gans generally of the body.  They also constitute
 more thai! half the  solids of the gray matter of the
 nerve  centres, and about a fourth of the solids of the
 white matter of the same. They form in fact, in com-
 bination Avith much Avater, and associated  Avith cer-
 tain acids, bases and salts, the chief mass  of the
 animal tissues.  In all protoplasms, there appear to
 exist a vitellin, as well as myosin-like body.
   Robin says that the daily losses of mineral salts in
 fevers are from 3 to 4 grammes of Chloride of sodium,
 1 to 2 grammes  of Phosphoric acid,  2.967 of Sul-
 phuric acid, and 1.730 of Potash. Compared with an
 analysis of bouillon  Ave have

   Water.........985.600
   Organic Solids left after dessication in vacuo of 20°  16.917
   Soluble Salts, Chlorides, Phosphates, Sulphates of
      Potassium and Sodium -                10.720
   Salts slightly soluble, Phosphates of Lime and
      Magnesia.......    0.539

   Practical experience shoAArs that albuminous and
gelatinous fluids, as found in beef extracts,  beef tea,
soups   and  broths,  greatly   support  the bodily
strength and preATent exhaustion.
   It is an error to give these preparations of beef in
too concentrated  a  form, in Avhieh they often prove
repugnant to the sick.  They should always be com-
mingled Avith considerable quantities of milk or water.
This is Avhy soups are so valuable to patients.
   The  albumens seem to exist in a special state  of
hydration, apt to be modified very rapidly and un- 
108
CONSUMPTION AND  LIQUIDS.
ceasingly  under the influence of variations in the
salts  dissolved in the different  fluids of the body.
Beef tea, as ordinarily made in the homes of the sick,
is not, scientifically speaking, a  food, but a  decided
stimulant, because it contains no albumen.  But the
fluid and  solid extracts prepared by Valentine, Ar-
mour, Bush, etc., are not  only stimulants, but true
nutrients, because they contain the albuminous mat-
ter of the meat, as Avell as the  salines.  Albumen  is
material of Avhieh, and from Avhieh tissue can, and is
formed, and Valentine's Meat  Juice, Armour's Ex-
tract of Beef  and Bush's Bovinine,  should always
take precedence over the  beef tea that is commonly
made at the homes of the sick.
   Nutrition  is the physical basis  of all  animal
life, and unless the system can  be properly and ade-
quately nourished in sickness by a highly condensed
and easily assimilated food, no amount of medication
will suffice to  effeet a cure.  This concentrated liquid
food is perfectly represented in  Armour's solid and
fluid extract of beef.  The  best and most useful form
of liquid beef  extracts in  the market are, Armour's
Extract of Beef, Valentine's Meat Juice, J. P. Bush's
Bovinine,  Darby & Gosdin's  Liquified Meat by arti-
ficial  digestion,  Liebig's  Beef Tea,  and Johnston's
Fluid Beef.
   BEEF  TEA.—Take one teaspoonful of  Armour's
Beef Extract or two of his fluid beef extract, the same
with Valentine's Meat Juice, to one pint of warm water,
and instantly you ha ve a delicious beef tea, or bouillon
of excellent flavor.  To suit  the taste, add  more  or
less salt, or celery salt and pepper. If desired, a little
port Avine or  sherry  can be added  Avith profit.  A
fresh egg dropped into hot beef tea forms an excellent
and nutritious bouillon. 
AVATER.
109
   LIEBIG'S BEEFTEA.—Take half a pound of raw,
lean beef (chicken or other meat) and mince it finely.
Put it in an  earthenware vessel.  Pour on it three
quarters of a  pint of  Avater, add four drops of muri-
atic acid  and one teaspoonful of salt.  Stir Avell to-
gether, and  alloAv  it  to  stand for an hour.  Strain
through a fine  sieve and rinse the residue Avith a quar-
ter of a pint of water.   This liquid  not only contains
the juice, but the albumen of the meat in an uncoagu-
lated state, Avith the muscle and  fibrine, Avhieh makes
it much richer  and more nutritive than ordinary beef
tea. It can be taken cold or Avarm.
   BEEF  TEA.— Take a pound of  lean beef, cut into
fine pieces in a chopping boAvl, put the meat in a Avide
mouthed bottle, cork loosely, and put it into a pot of
cold Avater; heat gradually, then let it boil sIoaaLv for
three hours, Avhieh will extract  all the juice from the
meat.  Pour off the juice and season to suit the taste.
This is an excellent nutritive  stimulant.  The  addi-
tion of the extract of malt adds to its flavor and in-
creases its nutritious value.
   BEEF JUICE—Take fresh steak, free  from fat;
broil over hot coals for one minute, so as to heat it
thoroughly, cut it in many places,  then press out the
juice by means of a meat squeezer into a warm boAvl;
add a little salt and serve at once.
   RAW MEAT PULP—This is prepared by rubbing
the pounded meat through a sieve, without the addi-
tion of water.  This can often be assimilated Avhen no
other food can be borne.
   CHICKEN  BROTH—Cut   the  fowl into   small
pieces, and crack the  bones. Put it  into three pints
of cold water; cover closely and boil for three hours,
or  until the meat falls to pieces.  Strain, then add a
little rice, Avhieh has  been soaked in Avarm water. 
110
CONSUMPTION
AND  LIQUIDS.
Simmer for twenty minutes.  Season and serve with
crackers.
   BOVININE.—This is one of the most useful concen-
trated preparations of meat Ave have, especially Avhere
there is rapid waste of tissue.  It is ahvays ready for
use and contains much  of the albuminous matter of
the meat, making it a true food, assimilating Avith
the greatest  ease, when solids  cannot  be  taken.
When mixed  Avith hot milk, it can be taken  by the
youngest infant, often to great advantage.
   VALENTINE'S MEAT JUICE—This is a precious
preparation of meat juice and none in the market can
surpass it, in consumption and all wasting diseases.
It is the pure juice of the best beef, concentrated so
that two ounces of the liquid represents four pounds
of the best lean beef.  Extracted from the flesh by a
special process, it holds all the important soluble
constituents in an unchanged condition, for it has
never  been   cooked;  the  albumen along with the
haemoglobin,  being preserved unaltered in the solu-
tion, makes it not only a meat stimulant, but also a
valuable flesh forming food.  It can be retained and di-
gested by the  most delicate stomach.  This meat juice
is very palatable  and can be prepared in a moment,
by merely the addition  of warm or cold water (not
hot) —one teaspoonful in from two to four ounces of
Avater; and when to be taken as a beverage, two tea-
spoonfuls to one pint  of water makes an excellent
and very nutritious drink.  Four pints of this can be
taken daily.  Season  to suit the taste, as there is no
seasoning in  this meat juice.  Stale bread, oatmeal,
arrowroot or corn starch may be added to this drink
with profit.
   SOUP.— In the preparation of soups, the articles
used  should be chopped or broken into  fine pieces, 
wat;:r.
Ill
 and the bones broken into  small fragments and
 placed in cold Avater, alloAved to macerate for a short
 time for the soluble constituents to become dissoh'ed
 out  It is then heated gradually to a point  Avhieh
 should vary according to the product required. Then
 a prolonged gentle boiling is required  in order that
 the gelatine may be extracted, this being the princi-
 ple Avhieh gives to good soup its  property of solidi-
 fying on cooling.  Bones  require  boiling a  longer
 time than meat.  The chief principle they yield is gel-
 atine. The marroAV of bones is the best form of fat
 that can be used by man, and much of it  should  be
 eaten by the phthisical. Soup introduces at once into
 the system a small installment of ready-digested
 food.  By  filling the vessels of the stomach it assists
 in the secretion of gastric juice and saves the period
 of trial, which, in the absence  of soup, must be spent
 by the stomach in deriving some portion of the nu-
 triment from solid aliment; and thus the organ  of
 digestion itself is indirectly strengthened for its forth-
 coming duties.
   Soup  should be made from the leg or shin of beef,
 clod, oxtail, neck, cheek  or any of the  bones.  With
 these there should always be added fresh A^egetables,
 as  potatoes, split peas, beans, onions, etc.
   Take  one small turnip, one  carrot,  one  stick
 of celery, a sprig of parsley,  and  a teaspoonful  of
 Armour's Solid Beef Extract.  Cut the turnip, carrot
 and celery into small cubes, add VA to two quarts of
water, simmer  for VA to 2 hours, then  add the Beef
 Extract, and boil together gently for  20 minutes.
 Chop the parsley fine, sprinkle  it in the empty soup
 tureen, pour in the soup and serve. 
FRUIT.
   Fruits.—Fruit forms an agreeable and refreshing
kind of food, and Avhen eaten in moderate quantity
exerts a favorable influence as an article of diet.  Its
proportion of nitrogenous matter  is too Ioav, and of
water too high, to allow it to possess great nutritive
value.  It is chiefly of service looking at the  actual
material afforded, for the carbo-hydrates, vegetable
acids' and salts it contains.  All fruits contain levu-
lose sugar, and usually some acid in varied propor-
tions, ranging from the pineapple to the lime.  They
all contain alkaline salts, Avhieh  are  good for  the
blood.  This influence of the alkalies is shoAvn in a
decisive manner in the effects produced on the salts of
organic acid in the circulation. It has long been ob-
served that after eating juicy fruits, cherries,  straw-
berries, apples, etc., the urine becomes alkaline.  In
rheumatic and gouty people, this is a  practical hint
of great value.  Fruits should be  eaten  largely by
such people.  Tubers and green vegetables all contain
these alkalies in the form of salts of the organic acids.
   The agreeable taste of fruits partly depends on the
aroma and partly on the  existence of a due relation
between the acid, sugar, gum, pectin, etc., and like-
wise on the amount of Avater and the soluble and in-
soluble constituents.  Luscious fruits  like the peach,
greengage and mulberry, Avhieh seem  to  melt  in the
mouth, contain a very large proportion  of soluble
                        112 
FRUIT.                  113
 substances.  The sour taste of certain berries, as the
 currant, etc., arises from the presence of a consider-
 able quantity of free acid.  The groAvth and decay of
 fruit is thus described by Pavy: "During its progress
 it increases more or less rapidly in bulk and Aveight,
 and as it approaches maturity it loses its green color,
 becomes bro\ATn, yelloAV  or  red, and no  longer acts
 on the air, like the leaves, but, on the  contrary, ab-
 sorbs  Oxygen  and gives off Carbonic acid. As this
 process adA^ances, some of the proximate  principles
 contained  in the unripe fruit, particularly the vege-
 table acids and Tannin, in part disappears, apparently
 by oxidation, and thus it becomes sour and astrin-
 gent.  At the same time the starch undergoes trans-
 formation into sugar, and the insoluble pectose into
 pectin and other soluble  substances of allied compo-
 sition  and having  more of a gelatinous character.
 The fruit in this Avay arri\res at a state of perfection
 for eating.  Oxidation, hoAvever, still advances, and
 now the sugar and remaining acid becomes destroyed,
 giving rise to  the loss  of flavor, which occurs after
 the full ripened state has been  attained and deterio-
 ration has set in."   From this Ave can readily seeAvhy
 unripe fruit  as Avell as  overripe fruit is not Avhole-
 some and salutary.  The vegetable acids and the pec-
 tin disappear in the body speedily after being eaten;
 Avhile the alkaline base appears in the urine as a Car-
 bonate ; though if uric  acid be present, as a urate.
 Preserved fruits, Avhere cane sugar is used, cause acid-
 ity of  the stomach in some people, but are invalu-
 able to the phthisical.
   A great variety of fruits, both in the fresh and
 dried state, are consumed as  articles of food or  as
flavoring agents and luxuries.  The folloAving are the
principal varieties used.
      8 
114
CONSUMPTION  AND LIQUIDS.
   1. The apple, pear and quince.
   2. The peach, plum, apricot, cherry, olive, date.
   3. The orange, lemon, lime, shaddock, pomelo.
   4. The grape, gooseberry, currant, cranberry, barberry.
   5. The strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, mulberry.
   6. Melon, banana, pineapple, fig.

   The average composition of the most important
of these is, according to Bauer:
	w		w	H	i .	EH	CD
	^	K	o	ft	< «	P3	fc ft t«
	ft	■<	<	-<	2 K	P3	<! J J
	ft	H	R	P3	£ W	J3	(S3 -. ^
	<	ft	Ph	O	0D B	c	C ft C
Water ....	83.58	83.03	80.03	78.18	87.66	94.77	89.01
Nitrogenous mat-							
	0.39	0.36	0.65	0.59	1.07	0.51	0.73
Free acids. . .	0.84	0.20	0.92	0.79	0.93	2.15	2.44
	7.73	8.26	4.48	24.36	6.28	6.38	4.59
Other non-nitro-							
genous matters	5.17	3.53	7.17	1.96	0.48	0.90	0.95
Celulose and ker-							
	1.98	4.30	6.06	3.60	2.32	4.57	1.79
Ash.....	0.31	0.31	0.69	0.53	0.81	0.72	0.49
  The  analysis  of the ash shows these fruits to be
particularly rich in Potash salts.  The apple and the
strawberry are also rich in Soda  salts, especially the
strawberry.  They also contain salts  of Lime, Mag-
nesia and Iron.  Their chief food value is in the water
and sugar which they contain.
   Apple.— Good apples, Avhen cooked, are easily di-
gested and slightly laxative in nature.  In  the raAV
state they are not so easily digested but  are a great
luxury.  Apples are made into sauce, dessert, jelly or
cider.
   Pear.—The pear is a very choice and delicate fruit.
When  soft and ripe, are more digestible than  the
apple.  The pear, when ripe, is better suited for being 
FRUIT.                  115
eaten raw than the apple, as their flesh is soft and
melts in the mouth.  The hard ones should be cooked
before being eaten.  This fruit is chiefly used for des-
sert, but is also stewed and made into compote and
marmalade. Perry is obtained  from the fermented
juice.
   Quince.— The  quince  neA^er ripens sufficiently to
be  eaten in its raAV state,  except in Persia.  It is
stewed Avith sugar; Avhen added to apple, it  greatly
improves its flavor.  It makes an  excellent marma-
lade. The seeds make an excellent mucilage.
  Peach.—Peaches are particularly delicate-flavored
and refreshing.  OAving to the small amount of sugar
they contain, this fruit agrees Avith everyone.  They
are  an  excellent food for  the phthisical, gouty and
diabetic.  They are eaten raAV, cooked or made into
marmalade.
   Plum.— This fruit, in the form  of prunes,  Avhen
steAved is of great value in constipation.  They should
be avoided  in the unripe state,  for they prove indi-
gestible, irritating, and cause diarrhoea.
   Apricot.—A good ripe apricot is an excellent fruit.
If it is  not ripe, it is apt to prove laxative.  In the
cooked  state it is not easy of digestion.  Green apri-
cots are often used for tarts; when  preserved it is
highly esteemed.  The juice, one ounce to a quart of
water, is an excellent drink in phthisis.   *■
   Cherry.—This is  a luscious fruit when  ripe, but
should be eaten in moderation.  It is generally eaten
raw. In the preserved state, the juice or liquor, one
ounce to the pint of water, is an  excellent drink in
phthisis.
   Olive.— Olives enter  into the constitution of va-
rious dishes.  They are sometimes used to stimulate
the appetite at the commencement  of dinner, and are 
116
CONSUMPTION and liquids.
 also eaten at dessert as a relish, and to cleanse the
 palate for the enjoyment of  wine.  Pickled olives are
 a great  luxury for many. But the great use fortius
 fruit is in the oil (the pulp of the ripe fruit contains
 70 per cent, of oil) used as a food, replacing butter,
 not only with bread, but in cooking, especially in fry-
 ing.  It  is very nutritious, but it is not readily di-
 gested.  If given in three or four tablespoonful doses
 it acts as a mild laxative.   It is largely used in lini-
 ments, but it  is hard  to get the oil pure,  it is so
 largely adulterated  Avith cotton-seed  oil, lard and
 petroleum.
   Date.—This is a highly nutritious fruit and forms
 an important food  for the  Arabs.  It is used both
 fresh and dried.  Cakes of dates, pounded and kneaded
 together into  a solid mass  constitute the store of
 food called the " bread of the desert," pro Added for
 the African caravans on their journey through the
 Sahara.  The fruit is of a drupaceous nature, and
 the fleshy part contains, according to the analysis of
 Reinsch, 58 per cent, of sugar, associated with pectin,
 gum, etc. It is only used as a luxury in this country.
   Orange.— This  is one of the most useful and
 agreeable of fruits, exceedingly grateful and  refresh-
 ing to  the palate.  When ripe, it is so little likely to
 occasion disorder as to  be admissible  under almost
 any and  every condition, in  sickness or  health.  In
 fevers  it is  very grateful for allaying thirst. The
 sAveet orange is largely used in its fresh state, also by
the cook and confectioner. The bitter principle and
the oil in the rind is  used for its aromatic bitterness
 as a stomachic and tonic and as a flavoring agent.
The orange  pulp or juice contains sugar and citric
acid,  and makes one of  the most pleasant drinks
the phthisical patient can use.  It may be taken in 
FRUIT.
117
quantities from one to four quarts daily.  Excellent
Avine is made from the orange.
   Lemon.—The pulp of this fruit is very acid, and is
extensively used to give flavor to many articles of
food.  The juice possesses valuable anti-scorbutic
properties, and made into lemonade, constitutes one
of the most popular of refreshing beverages.  From
one to four quarts can be taken daily, if the patient
is  not using milk.  The rind contains a volatile oil,
and  bitter  principle, which renders  it useful  as  an
aromatic and stomachic. In chronic malarial fever, a
strong decoction of the lemon,  rind  and all, is of
great  value, curing many cases.  It is occasionally
made into wine, the same as the orange.
   Lime.—This is an  extremely  acid  fruit, and  is
largely used for  its anti-scorbutic properties.  One
ounce more or less to the quart of water is a refresh-
ing and useful beverage in phthisis.   Two quarts can
be taken daily.
   Shaddock.—This is a moderately acid fruit, and
Avill  keep longer on sea voyages than any  other of
the citrus fruits.  One ounce of the juice to a quart of
water makes an excellent drink  in the last stages of
phthisis, where the patient is troubled with aphthous
sore mouth.
   Pomelo.—This  fruit  closely  resembles the  shad-
dock.  Its flavor is pleasant and approaches that of
the orange.  One ounce more or less to the quart of
water makes an excellent and refreshing beverage in
phthisis.
   Grape.—See grape juice and grape cure, page 96.
   Gooseberry, Currant,  Cranberry, Barberry —
These are remarkable for the free  acid and  sugar
they contain, which make them  very refreshing, and
their juices form an agreeable and refreshing  bever- 
118
CONSUMPTION and  liquids.
age, taken one ounce, more or less, to the quart of
Avater.  The jellies made out of these fruits, dissolved
in the proportion of one ounce, more or less, to  the
quart of Avater, form one of my favorite drinks in
phthisis.  The berries are also made into Avine and
preserves.
   Straavberry,  Raspberry,  Blackberry,  Mul-
berry.—These are exceedingly popular fruits, and
are very Avholesome when eaten in moderation.  They
are remarkable for the amount of Avater, sugar and
free acid they contain.  They are largely used  for
tarts and puddings.  An excellent jelly is made from
them, that is of great value in  forming a drink for
the phthisical.  The  juice or syrup of these  fruits
should be used one ounce, more or less, to the quart
of Avater.  In phthisis accompanied by diarrhoea,  use
the blackberry juice or syrup, one ounce to the quart
of water.  The wine  of this berry is  also useful  in
these cases.
  Melon.— This is the most watery  of all the fruits,
containing more  than 95 per cent.  When perfectly
ripe, it forms a rich and delicious fruit, and can be
eaten freely by most people, especially as a dessert.
But in some people it will cause indigestion, probably
from the amount of sugar it contains.
   Banana.— This fruit is highly nutritious, from  the
sugar and  nitrogenous matter  it  contains.   The
plantain, the best variety of the banana, is supposed
to be the fruit that Eve Avas tempted Avith in Para-
dise.  Both   varieties constitute  exceedingly  pro-
ductive plants, and it is asserted that an extent of
ground Avhieh would  only grow Avheat enough for the
support of two persons, Avould maintain fifty, if culti-
vated Avith the plantain. In tropical regions, bananas
are the chief support of the people.   The starch is 
FRUIT.
119
converted during maturation, first  into a mucilag-
inous substance, and then into sugar. Plantain meal
is prepared by poAvdering and sifting the dried  core
whilst in the green or unripe state. It has a fragrant
odor, and a bland taste, like common wheat flour. It
is easy  of digestion, and  is extensively employed in
British Guiana as the food of infants, children and in-
valids.  It is  of higher alimentary  value than  the
starchy preparations of sago, arrow-root, etc.  The
pulp is composed, according to Corenwinder, of—

Nitrogenous matter   -......
Sugar, pectose, organic acid, with traces of starch
Fatty matter    -   -......
Cellulose   -........
Saline matter     -......
Water    .........
This fruit I allow, and urge a person suffering with
phthisis to eat freely, taking daily from one to two
pounds of the bananas.  It builds up his wasting
adipose tissue faster than any food he  can com-
mand, especially if he will combine with it a large
amount of liquid food.
   Pineapple.—This fruit may be looked  upon as
furnishing the finest dessert we  have.  Besides being
eaten in  the fresh state, it is made into a preserve
with sugar.  The juice and syrup, one ounce to the
quart, form one of the best drinks a phthisical pa-
tient can take.  It not only builds up the body, but
acts as an expectorant, greatly relieving the cough.
Use from one to four quarts daily.
   Figs—The fig forms a good food from the amount
of sugar it contains.  Where constipation prevails,
figs eaten freely will regulate the bowels.   In some
  4.820
- 19.657
  0.632
-  0.200
  0.791
-  73.000
100.000 
120         CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
patients they will produce  indigestion, and act on
the bowels  as a laxative.  There  are many other
fruits not  mentioned  here  that the physician can
command Avhenever and wherever they can be found.
   How to Administer these Liquids — Their Tech-
nique.—After  selecting the fluids to be used  through
the day, so that the patient  will knoAV just how much
he has drunk, prepare in two  one-quart glass fruit
jars,  each  full, one of grape juice  and the  other of
milk; or one jar can contain fluid beef, and the other
oatmeal water;  or one currant jelly  Avater, and  the
other pulque; or one malt  and the other pineapple
juice; or one blackberry juice and the other BoA'inine;
or one  peach  juice and the  other Carnrick's Soluble
Food; or one Valentine's Meat Juice and the other
rice water.  And so  on Avith the long list of liquid
foods mentioned in this volume,  trying, whereA^er
practicable, to alternate a carbo-hydrate Avith an al-
buminoid.
   Solid Food  In Phthisis.—When  a child or an
adult shoAvs signs of defective nutrition, and he has a
delicate constitution, especially if one  or both of his
parents have died of phthisis, and  this disease is
hereditary, a  sound and rational  diet, both in in-
fancy and  adult life,  acts  as  a. most efficient  pro-
phylactic  against  the development  of  this  fatal
malady. We must strive to so impro ve nutrition that
the body may gain in weight; for it  is a Avell estab-
lished fact, that when we can improve nutrition, the
disease  itself  becomes favorably influenced thereby.
Nutrition gives  the  system force power to resist the
forces that cause phthisis, butmal-nutrition  gives the
forces that cause phthisis poAver to destroy the body.
Then a person predisposed to phthisis should he
placed,  if possible, under influences calculated  to in- 
FRUIT.
121
 vigorate  the  constitution, and to extinguish  such
 morbid tendency.  A person with a constitution Avhere
 phthisis is inherited must avoid all  evil surround-
 ings, and any habits of life that Avould  tend in the
 least to weaken his body, such  as  bad  air, ill-venti-
 lated,  dusty,  damp rooms, loss of rest, over sexual
 indulgence, self pollution, intemperance of all kinds;
 bad food, such as liAung  exclusively  on  rye bread
 and potatoes; going  poorly clad, and  exposure in
 damp,  cold  atmosphere,  and over-exertion.   He
 should strive  to live  in a pure atmosphere, at all
 times, and in  all places, Avith an abundance of regu-
 lar, outdoor exercise;  cultivate cheerfulness at all
 times, and eat a  Avell  selected, mixed diet of  both
 vegetable and animal food.  The vegetables supply
 the Phosphate of  soda,  and especially the Potash
 salts, nature's true  solvent of uric acid and the
 urates; as Avell as  the starches  and sugar, carbo-hy-
 drate  or fuel  foods, supplying  animal  heat, and
 building Up the tissues of the body.  The potential
 energy  of the  fats,  hoAvever, is much greater  than
 that "of the carbo-hydrates. Nitrogenous food,  as
 found  in  an animal diet, is absolutely essential for
 the construction and maintenance of  the tissues.
 Hard Avork is best performed with an abundant sup-
 ply of nitrogenous food.
   Fruits possess precious  qualities  as a food for
 the phthisical, and should occupy a prominent place
 in the diet of one suffering Avith consumption.  Their
juices, distilled in nature's  laboratory, need  no  boil-
 ing or filtering, and never convey the germs of dis-
 ease.  Hoav easily they go through the tissues of the
 body, leaving their  precious salts of  Potash, Soda,
 Phosphorus,  etc.  Their acids, how refreshing;  their
 salts, Iioav stimulating; their delicious fla\Tors, hoAV 
122          consumption and liquids.
they play on the nervous  system!  They  clog not,
neither do they cloy, but are always a luxury.
   The  folloAving list  contains  the leading articles
of solid  foods that may be eaten by the phthisical
and scrofulous:
  Vegetable Food.
Wheat flour (bolted) '
Wheat flour (whole wheat)
Wheat flour (unbolted)
Rye bread
Buckwheat
Oat Meal
Corn Meal
Barley flour
Pease
Rice flour
Beans
Potatoes
Sweet Potatoes
Lentils
 Cabbage
Beets
Carrots
Melons
Turnip
Peaches
Grapes
Cucumbers
Pears
Apple
Tapioca
 Plums
 Manna
 Sago
 Arrowroot
 Mushrooms
 Pearl Barley
 Maccaroni
 Celery
 Spinach
Asparagus
Lettuce
Tomatoes
Cresses
Banana
Beets
Onions
Animal Food.
 Beef (rare)
 Beef (roast)
 Beef (boiled)
 Mutton
 Liver
 Pork (bacon)
 Fat
 Eggs
 Fowl (all kinds)
 Turkey
 Chicken
 Duck
 Milk
 Cheese
 Oysters
 Clams
 Tripe
 Butter
 Oil
 Venison
 Turtle
 Geese
 Soups (all kinds)
 Calves' Liver 
fruit.                  123
   Sheep's Kidneys                  Mackerel
   Lobsters                       Salmon
   Mussels                        Haddock
   Skimmed Milk                   Sturgeon
   Cream                         Cat Fish
   White Fish                     Eel
   Trout                         Bass
   Cod Fish                       Perch
   Phthsical patients, whose  digestive functions are
unimpaired, can  eat any form of nourishing food,
that enters into  the ordinary dietary of the health.
Beside the solid food, large quantities  of liquid food
should be taken  between meals to  build  up and
fatten the body.
   What is termed by the French physician, "Alimen-
tation Forces"—i. e. forced feeding—is an expedient
suggested by Dr. Debove, of  Paris, for introducing
food in large quantities into the stomachs of phthis-
ical  patients Avho have lost all appetite, or  even ac-
quired a positive repugnance for food.
   Debove also maintains that his  method  of arti-
ficial alimentation, Avith or Avithout a previous wash-
ing  out of  the stomach, Avith iced Avater, is a most
efficacious measure for  arresting the vomiting of
phthisical patients.
   Debove discovered by accident, that in cases in
Avhieh  all food introduced into the  stomach in the
ordinary way, Avas rejected by vomiting, food  intro-
duced  by the oesophageal tube Avas, strange to say,
retained; and on  this observation  he founded his
method of "Surahmentation."  He finds he is able to
introduce by  this  means  into  the  stomach  an
"excess" of food which is retained and digested; and
he truly  observes that  a patient  Avith phthisis,
requires  considerably more food than a person  in
health, on account of the greater bodily waste taking 
 124         CONSUMPTION  AND LIQUIDS.

 place.  He has observed that the digestive poAver of
 the patient has no relation Avith appetite.  "A patient
 Avho has no  appetite, or who has a marked  disgust
 for all food,  will digest  perfectly a large  meal intro-
 duced by the tube, and even at the  end of a certain
 time Avill recover his appetite.
   "As the results of surahmentation, or excess  of
 food, he has observed disappearance of night sweats,
 cough,  and  expectoration;  increase of  strength,
 rapid gain in weight, and at the same time a consider-
 able amelioration in the physical signs.
   "By the use of poAvdered ra.Av meat, Debove, and
 Dujardin-Beaumetz in  Paris, and  Piper in Griefs-
 Avald, have been able to apply the principle of surah-
 mentation without the necessity of using the oesopha-
 geal tube.
   " Dujardin-Beaumetz gives the folloAving instruc-
 tions for making this poAvder:  Take the lean of beef
 and cut it up into small pieces ; dry it  in a Avater-
 bath; Avhen thoroughly dried, reduce it to powder in
 a coffee-mill.  This poAvder can be mixed with lentil
 flour  and taken  in the form of soup, or, better still,
 it may be mixed Avith  chocolate or with grog—'grog
 de la powdie de viandeJ  To  make  the  latter, you
 place in the bowl two tablespoonfuls of meat poAvder;
 to this you add  three  dessertspoonfuls of ' SAump of
 punch,'  and  enough milk  to make  a perfectly fluid
 mixture.  By this means you can give from 1,500 to
 6,000 grains  of meat poAvder daily.  The latter quan-
 tity Avould be equivalent to 24,000  grains, or  three
 and a half pounds of raw meat. (Valentine's meat
juice, two ounces, represent four pounds of the raAV
 meat.  It is  all ready  for use, and  ten  times  more
 simple to take,  as directed in this  volume.)  Or it
 may be given as recommended by Debove, simply 
FRUIT.
125
mixed Avith milk; first adding just enough milk to
make  a smooth paste, and then mixing in the re-
mainder so as to make a uniform fluid mixture that
can be readily drunk.  It is necessary in using these
poAvders to see that they are genuine, and not over-
dried.
   "Debove attempts to explain the beneficial effect
of suralimentation,  in the folloAving manner;   The
tubercle bacillus develops in a  certain soil, a soil
Avhieh becomes less favorable to its culture Avhen it is
modified by suralimentation  (excess of food);  this,
indeed, augments  combustion, as is  shoAvn by the
amount of urea excreted in the twenty-four hours-
amounts Avhieh reach  from  900 to 1,200 grains,
and  even  more.  We may also say that  by  this
method  Ave give our patients the poAver  to resist
their disease; as Avhen the vine is attacked by the
phylloxera, one of  the best remedies is to manure
well the land; by so doing Ave do not  destroy the
parasites, but Ave give the plant the  force necessary
to struggle against it."  (This is a strong argument
in favor of suralimentation of liquid  food, and a
death blow to the bacillus theory.)
   "Since the adoption of poAvdered raw meat for
suralimentation the introduction of food into the
stomach by means  of  the oesophageal tube is re-
served for those cases in Avhieh, OAving to the irrita-
bility of the gastric mucous membrane, food taken in
the ordinary Avay cannot be retained  in the stomach.
   "While Ave should do all in  our poAA^er to encour-
age our phthisical patients to take an abundance of
nourishing food (and for  this purpose we  should
make their diet as varied and attractive as possible),
Ave must be careful not to admit into their dietary
forms of food  which,  although  attractive  to  the 
126
CONSUMPTION
AND  LIQUIDS.
patient, tend to exhaust his digestive forces Avithout
rendering him an equivalent amount of support and
nourishment.  We should, therefore, exclude pastry,
uncooked fruits,  salads, pickles, and all  forms of
indigestible food."  (I. B. Yeo, M. D.)
   It Avould be undesirable to fix too rigidly the daily
dietary of those suffering Avith phthisis, but in dis-
tinctly febrile  cases a much more fluid dietary will
have to be folloAved, and some of the  food should be
taken at least every hour.  When the patient is able
to be about, and  there are no active febrile  symp-
toms, a mixed solid diet of the most  nutritious food
that can be procured should be taken Avith an ever-
changing variety. The same kind  of food  eaten
daily is bad.'  Try to have something different eA*ery
day.  A change of food is not  only more satisfying,
but  more nutritious.  In the use of bread, I cannot
urge the patient too strongly to use the whole  Avheat
flour.  He greatly needs the Phosphates, and  in no
place can they be found equal to  those in cracked
wheat, and the  flour  from the  whole berry.   He
should also use much of the oat-meal  flour (rolled
avena)  and corn-meal.  Butter  and fat  should be
freely eaten. A taste for these  fats should be culti-
vated ; if the patient eats one-half a pound of  butter
daily, so much the better.
   Dr.  De Meil's Perfect Health Biscuits are designed
to supply Phosphates and  Carbonate  of lime in a
.palatable form.  The idea  is  novel  and practical.
The  biscuits  are  well made, and are readily taken
by delicate children.
   The fattening properties of milk  and  cream  are
well  known, and they should be used in large quan-
tifies,—the more the better, especially in the young.
Malt mixed Avith  milk  is  one of my favorite  foods, 
FRUIT.
127
especially if some of the farinaceous foods are added.
The banana is of great value as a fat-producing food
in phthisis; from one to two pounds of this food
should be eaten daily, by the phthisical.
   Macaroni in all its forms  is highly nutritious;
being chiefly gluten, it is the most valuable part of
Avheat.  Weight for Aveight, it is equal to meat, and
for flesh making is equal to meat.
   Water.—There  should be taken large quantities
of Avater during the meal, and  it should be Avarm or
quite hot.  And if some alkaline Avater, like Vichy,
could be drunk one-half hour before  a meal, it Avould
greatly benefit those Avho are inclined to indigestion.
The freer the supply of Avater to the blood, the more
copious the gastric and intestinal secretions will be,
and the more perfect the digestion.   In febrile  cases,
the patient will have to almost live on Avater and
fluid foods.  Much Avater is needed not only to replace
the loss of Avater from the  heated body, constantly
passing away by the kidneys, cutaneous and pulmo-
nary surfaces, but also to provide a necessary  sol-
vent medium to dissolve and carry aAvay the A\aste
products of the increased metabolism of the tissues.
Such patients should be urged to take often lemon-
ade, pure Avater, or effervescing water, or some of the
fluid foods.  Malt with water, or beer, drunk at meals,
is excellent for the phthisical. It is  a great mistake
to think that  a large quantity of fluid interferes Avith
digestion;  on the  contrary,  it greatly facilitates
digestion.
   Dr. G. See  makes his patients take 16 ounces of
hot te?j during each meal.   As a rule, people eat  too
much and drink too little.   A phthisical patient can-
not drink too much water.  Soups and broths should
form a part of the meal as  often as three times a 
128         CONSUMPTION  AND LIQUIDS.
week.   Beef gives us the Aveakest broth, mutton
broth is a little stronger, and chicken  broth is the
most nutritious of all.
   Dr.  I.  B.  Yeo  says, "In order to yield the nec-
essary ration of Nitrogen and Carbon the folloAviug
quantities of the under-mentioned  articles would be
required; for experience has shoAvn that the diet best
suited for the body must contain one part of nitro-
genous foods to four of the non-nitrogenous:
         TO YIELD
   183 GRAMMES NITROGEN.
Cheese.....272
Peas.....520
Lean Meat -   -   -   -  538
Wheat Flour           796
Eggs (18)  -   -   -   -  905
Maize   ....   989
Black Bread   -   -   -1430
Rice.....1868
Milk.....2905
Potatoes .--   -  4575
Bacon.....4796
Cabbage -   -   -   -  7625
Turnips   -   -   -   -8714
Beer.....17000
        TO YIELD
   328 GRAMMES CARBON.
Bacon.....450
Maize	- - 801
Wheat Meal	- - 824
Rice -	- - 896
Peas	- - 919
Cheese	- - 1160
Black Bread	- -1346
Eggs(43)	- - 2231
Lean Meat -	- - 2620
Potatoes -	- - 3124
Milk - - -	- 4652
Cabbage -	- - 9318
Turnips Beer - - -	- 10650 - - 13160
   It Avould be scarcely possible for any individual to
consume and digest daily 2620 grammes (i. e. about
90 ounces) of meat, the quantity necessary in  order
to yield the  daily requirement of Carbon, Avhile the
waste  of Nitrogen  would  be  prodigious.  On the
other hand, it would require 4575 grammes, or about
ten pounds, of potatoes  to yield the daily  require-
ment of Nitrogen.  And milk,  which is  the  food of
nature's own selection for the infant, would be most
wasteful as the sole food for  the adult,  as he would
require 4652  grammes, or ten pints, to furnish the 
FRUIT.
129
daily supply  of Carbon he requires and a consid-
erable portion of  the Nitrogen would be wasted.
Whereas, in a mixed diet of meat and potatoes less
than 53<S grammes of the former, together with less
than 3114 grammes of the latter, Avould  yield re-
spectively the amount  of Nitrogen and Carbon re-
quired.   The  Carbon  necessary for nutrition can
be  provided, as Ave have seen, either in the form of
fats or of carbo-hydrates.   If in the form of fat,
then, according to Voit's  calculations, an  average
working-man  Avould  require for his daily consump-
tion 346 grammes;  if in  the  form of starch, 596
grammes.  But it is no doubt better to obtain the
Carbon that Ave require in our food in part from both
classes of aliments—from a mixture of  fat and fari-
naceous foods.  This appears to suit the digestive
capacities of man,  as Avell as his nutritive require-
ments, best.
   "Carbo-hydrates are not able to minister as com-
pletely  as the fats  do to  the functions of tissue
groAvth and repair; while, on the other hand, a large
proportion of  fat in the food is not, as a rule, well
tolerated by the digestive organs for long at a time,
unless under exceptional conditions of climate, as
among the inhabitants  of Arctic  regions, where food
possessing a relatively large capacity for heat produc-
tion is especially needed. It is not uncommon, more-
over, to find individual peculiarities with regard to
the capacity for taking fats, some persons being inca-
pable of digesting but very small quantities; in such
cases the deficiency must be supplied  by a  propor-
tionate alloAvance of carbo-hydrates."
   Dr. I. B. Yeo  says,  "Scrofulous  children should
have an abundant supply of good milk  as the basis
of their diet, also sound, wholesome  meal bread and
      9 
130         CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.

plenty of butter. Easily absorbable fats are especially
valuable to the scrofulous.  Cod liver oil is one of
the best, but many other forms of fat are extremely
useful, such  as butter, cream,  bacon fat, dripping.
Bread lightly toasted, and soaked in fluid bacon  fat
or dripping, is generally liked by  children,  and is
most Avholesome. Suet puddings served with treacle,
sugar, or jam, are also  generally  popular  Avith
children, and  may be the means of introducing a
considerable amount of fat in the food, which wTould
be rejected if presented in its natural form.   Mutton
suet, chopped fine and  boiled in milk and SAveetened,
is another useful expedient.
   "It is always necessary to pay much attention to
the digestion, and to at once modify the diet if it is
found to  be attended Avith signs  of dyspepsia.  In
scrofulous children of the fat and flabby type, it is
not  so important to  administer fatty foods.   It is
better in such cases to give a diet rich in albumi-
nates, but small in bulk.  The common error  is to
keep such  children too exclusively on farinaceous
food, and to give them a very insufficient supply of
animal food.  In children Avith a very delicate diges-
tion  it  is often difficult to get them to take fats or
oils of any kind. In such cases inunctions Avith oil-
Cod  liver oil or Olive oil—after Avashing the surface
\Aith hot Avater and soap, is a good plan.  All these
cases require also  an abundance of respiratory food,
an abundance of active oxygen, Avhieh they should be
allowed to  obtain by a life in the  open air, in  the
country or by the sea."  In these children Peptonized
Cod liver oil and milk is the best form of fat that can
be given them.
   Rectal  Alimentation.— Numerous  experiments
have demonstrated the fact that food introduced into 
FRUIT.
131
the rectum is assimilated, and is capable to maintain
the normal temperature and weight of the body. Dr.
Flint thinks that food  introduced into the rectum
excites secretion of  the gastric and intestinal glands,
and in the absence of  ingesta  in the stomach and
small intestine, the fluids secreted by  these glands
pass into the large intestine in sufficient quantity to
effect digestion within the latter.  But it remained
for Dr. Campbell to solve the problem as to the rectal
feeding.   He  asserts that instead of the digestive
principles descending to the food  to digest it, the
food ascends to these fluids  in  the small intestine,
and that it is there digested and prepared for absorp-
tion by the proper organs in precisely the same man-
ner  as  after  buccal  ingestion.  A great  number  of
Avell established cases are on record to  establish the
fact that  reverse peristaltic action of the intestinal
canal is of frequent  occurrence.  Many substances,
even  suppositories, and pieces  of talloAV candles,
introduced into the rectum  have been vomited up.
Various kinds of  nutrient foods can be used for rec-
tal feeding; as  milk, peptonized milk,  malted milk,
all kinds  of fluid beef, as Valentine's meat  juice,
Armour's fluid beef, Bovinine, raAV eggs, soups, gruels,
and about all the fluid foods enumerated in this book.
   When rectal feeding is resorted fo-
   ist. The rectum  should be washed  out   once
daily by a copious injection of quite hot Avater.
   2nd. Best in a recumbent position should be taken,
on the  right  side,  Avith the shoulders  much  lower
than the  pelvis, for  thirty minutes after receiving
the enema.
   3rd.  The temperature of the  fluid used should  be
quite warm, a little above that of the body.
   4th.  The quantity of the various  nutrients  used 
132         CONSUMPTION AND  LIQUIDS.

should be from  six to sixteen ounces at a time; and
Avhen water is used, commingled Avith some of the
juices from fruits or liquid food, there should be used
each time from one to two quarts.
   5th. From  two  to four clysters should  be  used
daily.  If rectal feeding is intended to Avholly substi-
tute buccal ingestion, milk, and the various forms of
fluid beef and  eggs, should be used; but, if only sup-
plemental to  buccal ingestion, all the fluids recom-
mended in this volume may be used, and in quanti-
ties as large as the boAvel can be taught to retain at
each injection.
  6th. At the commencement of the use of nutrient
enemata, the rectum may be intolerant of the  inva-
sion  and strive to expel the  aliment.  When  this
is the case, the operator should firmly press a folded
napkin over the anus for  a few minutes, until the
desire to empty the rectum shall  have passed away.
The rectum can be educated to retain a large amount
of fluid.
   7th. The best instrument for rectal feeding is a
soft-rubber  bag syringe  without valves, for where
valves exist they are liable to  be gummed over and
choke the syringe.  An ordinary soft-rubber female
syringe is all that can be desired, care being  exercised
to thoroughly cleanse it.
   A. Wilford  Hall, of NeAv York, has a treatment for
consumption, and all other diseases, that is well worth
investigation  by the physician,  for it does make many
good cures.  His  treatment  consists of  injecting
quite hot  Avater into the bowels, commencing Avith
one pint of Avater; then Avaiting two days and inject-
ing one quart; two days after, one more quart, and
then once in three days, two quarts.  After  this,
every third day, he  increases  the quantity slowly, 
FRUIT.
133
as the bowels will bear it, until  he can use a gallon
at a time.  He does not think  it necessary for the
patient to  retain the water until absorption takes
place, but  simply to Avash  out the colon, or  the hu-
man seAver, as he  calls it; his theory being  that all
diseases arise  from three different sources:
   First.—If the bowels do not move regularly the
small intestines secrete  a gas Avhieh  is carried  into
the circulation  and vitiates  the  blood, producing
many constitutional diseases.
   Second.—When the kidneys do not perform their
functions, uric acid is absorbed into the system, pro-
ducing rheumatic and gouty diseases.
   Third.—All specific and contagious diseases.
   For four dollars he sells the outfit to  a party,
compelling him under a pledge never to reveal the
secret; and he has succeeded in obtaining the most
gloAving  testimonials  from ministers and business
men all over this country.
   This layman (for I understand he is  not a physi-
cian) has just touched  upon a scientific treatment
of disease.  If he Avould  alloAv the Avater to be taken
up by the absorbents of the intestinal canal, and use
it daily in  smaller quantities,  so that  the  bowels
Avould retain it, his cures Avould be still more wonder-
ful. The absorption of water by the digestive organs
is accomplished just as  easily  Avhen received into the
intestinal tract by enemata as it is Avhen taken  as a
drink by the mouth.  The suralimentation of Avater
is destined to revolutionize  the  Avhole  practice of
medicine.   I have just treated a chronic case of tu-
bercular diarrhoea with copious  injections of hot
water, three times a  day, and the third day it was
cured. We can medicate these injections, and in this
way come in immediate contact with the diseased 
134         CONSUMPTION and liquids.

bowel; or Ave can use nutritious substances with the
wrater, and in this  way  nourish and  build up our
patients.  In all cases of phthisis, in the last stages
of the disease, he should not only drink large quan-
tities of liquid food, but  they should  be  used  quite
Avarm, injected directly into  the  bowels.  Many lives
can be greatly prolonged, and some may be cured, by
these enemata, if used perseveringly, as they should
be, and in as large quantities as the colon Avill en-
dure.
   Enemata in the  last two stages of phthisis  is the
most useful expedient Ave have. When the patient has
absolute loss of appetite, and food cannot be eaten,
nutrient enemata, persevered  in, Avill bring back the
appetite, and reA'olutionize the Avhole case.
   Gaseous  Enemata. —To Dr.  Le  Bergeon,   of
France, belongs  the honor of  introducing gaseous
enemata in the treatment of tuberculosis.  It consists
in the introduction into the rectum of Carbon diox-
ide mixed Avith Hydrogen sulphide, better knoAvn  as
Carbonic acid and  Sulphuretted hydrogen.  It is not
necessary for me to describe the apparatus, as it can
be purchased from so many  instrument  makers  in
this country.  To administer  this gas, place the pa-
tient in the recumbent posture, insert the nozzle of
the gas bag Avell into the rectum, and then sloAvly in-
ject into the boAvels from one to tAvo gallons of the
gas at a- time, alloAving, at least, ten to fifteen min-
utes for each injection.   These injections should  be
given twice a day, morning and  night, before a meal
or three hours after. The boAvels, Avith their extensive
secreting  surface,  absorb  these gases  with  great
rapidity.  The portal venules are  always ready  to
appropriate Oxygen and  Carbonic  acid gas, and the
venous blood carries it to the lungs,  Avhere it acts 
FRUIT.
135
directly upon the diseased tissues, in many cases pro-
ducing  marvelous  curative effects.  All observers
agree that the  early effects of the use of gaseous
enemata, are diminution in cough and expectoration;
cessation  of night sweats; lowering of the tempera-
ture, and gain in the weight of the body.
   Dr. Bergeon claims many cures in well pronounced
cases of phthisis.  In my  own hands, I have seen fine
results  from this gas; and in  the early  stages  of
phthisis, when thoroughly  used, it will  make many
cures.   In the last stages, associated  with tubercular
diarrhoea, its use is attended with great pain and ag-
gravation of the disease.
   Carbonic acid gas  can be made in the stomach,
often with benefit.  Take tAvelve drops of muriatic
acid in  a glass of water, immediately followed by one
teaspoonful of Bicarbonate of soda in water. 
REMEDIES.
  General Atonic Condition of the Body, with
Emaciation and Debility.—CALC. CARB., PODIUM,
SILICEA, KALI POD., ARSENICUM, FERRUM, SUL-
PHUR,  LYCOPODIUM,  PHOSPHORUS,  CHINA,
STANNUM, COD-LIVER OIL.
  Calc. phos., Ferrum phos., Natrum sulph., Calc.
sulph.
  Nux v., Rhus tox., Spong.,  Tart em., Kali bi.,
Cuprum.
  Adjuvants.—Fluid diet.  Outdoor exercise,  es-
pecially mountain climbing.
  Haemoptysis, Pulmonary Haemorrhage.—ACO-
NITE, IPECAC, COCAINE, HAMAMELIS, MILLE-
FOLIUM, PHOSPHORUS, ATROPIA, BELLADON-
NA,  MORPHIA, CHINA, VERATRUM VIRIDE,
TRILLIUM, CUPRUM PHOS.
  Sulphur,  Arsenicum,   Lachesis,  Ergot,  Arnica,
Elapscor., Sanguinaria, Amyl. nit., Crotlaus, Bryonia,
Nitric Acid, Pulsatilla, Sulphuric Acid, Collinsonia,
Digitalis, Gallic Acid.
  Kreosote, Calc. C, Plumbum, Iodine, Crocus. Eri-
geron,  Nux  V., Mercury, Tartar Em., Carbo  V.,
Silicea, Cactus, Ustilago, Sabadilla, Apocynum C,
Caulophylum, Drosera, Matico, Ledum, Phos. Acid,
Ferr. Phos.
   Adjuvants.—Absolute mental and bodily repose.
Rest in bed, with head and shoulders elevated.  SAval-
                      136 
REMEDIES.
137
 low often small pieces of ice. Cold applications to the
 chest, as ice in a bladder, or a rubber bag. Place the
 ice Avithin several folds of a towel before applying to
 the chest.  Dry  cupping over the chest.  Sinapisms.
 Ether spray to the  spine and chest.  Spinal  hot
 water bag to cervical and dorsal region.  Inhalation
 of cold air  passing over ice.  Transfusion of blood
 or Avater when  death is  imminent.  Subcutaneous
 injections of Morphia or Cocaine act quickly.  Diet of
 milk, koumiss, soups, beef tea, chicken  broth, cold
 tea, coffee, cocoa.  Inhalation of Oxygen gas. Appli-
 cation of a ligature to one or more of the extremities
 for a short time. Injections per rectum, of carbonic
 acid gas mixed Avith Sulphuretted hydrogen, I have
 seen to act like magic.  Drink as much as one pint of
 very hot water every hour.
   Cough  (Tusis)^  Dry.—ACONITE,   ATROPIA,
 BELLADONNA, ARSENICUM, BRYONIA, CONIUM,
 HYOSCIAMUS,  GELSEMIUM,  KALI  HYD.,  LA-
 CHESIS,  MERCURY,  PHOSPHORUS,  RUMEX,
 SPONGIA,  SULPHUR,  RHUS  TOX., MORPHIA,
 APOMORPHIA,  PILOCARPINE  IODINE,  NAPH-
 THALIN, TANNIN, FERR. PHOS. KALI SULPH.
    Causticum, Kali carb., Nitric acid, Nux v.,' Opium,
 Cina, Santonin, Camphor, Chloral, Ether,  Cubobs,
 Ecrrum, Grindelia,  Cerium ox., Petroleum, Stigmata,
 Cup. phos.
   Ambra, Arnica,  Argentum n., Bromine,  Chama-
 milla, Coffea, Drosera, Dulcamara, Graphites, Ignatia,
 Sepia, Sulph. Ac, Cimicifuga, Kali Brom. Veratrum
 Alb., Coral, Sticta, Spigelia, Sabadilla, Caulophyllum,
 Phytolacca,  Zinc.
   Adjuvants.— To loosen  and allay  a dry, teas-
ing cough, administer glycerine, or the syrup of tolu
in teaspoonful doses,  or mix them Avith as much 
138         CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.

brandy or Avhiskey.  Bass's ale is excellent to loosen
a cough.  Inhalation of hot steam with hot fomenta-
tions about the  throat.  Inhalation  of Chloroform
or Ether, vapor of glycerine, inhalation of Carbonic
acid  gas, Tar in Capsules, Tar Avater, or the Oil of
tar,  mucilaginous  drinks, as gum  arabic Avater,
barley AAater, linseed tea Avith lemons, slippery elm,
oat-meal Avater, frequent drafts of  a little cold Ava-
ter.  The patient should try  and resist the cough.
A mucilage of Tragacanth.   Decoction  of Iceland
moss, infusion of Marsh  malloAv.  Liquorice jujubes.
Balsam of Peru with mucilage, glycerine and whiskey
aa, Carbonic acid  mixed with sulphuretted hydro-
gen injected  per rectum.   Avoid  damp air  and
crovvded  assemblies.  Cold compress upon the throat
gives great  relief.  Practice  cold  sponging of the
surface of  the body every morning,  and be out in
the open air as  much as possible; Avear under flan-
nel winter  and summer. Apply daily Cod liver oil
to the  abdomen.   Charcoal  crackers.    Pineapple
juice, two  teaspoonfuls to  a pint of water  drunk
every hour is an excellent expectorant.  Expector-
ate upon cloths and  paper  and then  burn  them
at once.  Strive to keep the spittoon thoroughly
disinfected.
   Moist or Loose Cough.-HEPAR  S, PULSA-
TILLA,  IPECAC,  CALC. C,  LYCOPODIUM, KALI
RICH.,  MERC, IOD.,  SANGUINARIA,  SILICIA,
STANNUM,  DIGITALINE,  TARTAR  EM.,  SUL-
PHUR, IODIDE OF  SULPHUR, CUPRUM PHOS.,
KALI  PHOS., KALI SULPH., PETROLEUM, AR-
SENICUM  IOD., TAR.
   Ammonium  c, Arseniate  of Soda,  Ant.  Crude,
Kreosotum, Senega, Veratrum Alb., Lobelia,  Saba-
dilla, Silphium, Cubebs, Salicylic Ac. 
REMEDIES.
139
  Aurum  m., Carbo veg., Carbo an., China, Cheli-
donium, Kali Brom., Squill, Sambugus, Kali Mur.
  Hoarse, Croupy Cough—ACONITE, SPONGIA,
HEPAR SULPH.,  IODINE, TARTAR EM., JABO-
RANDI,'MERC. CYN.,APOMORPHIA, RHUS TOX.,
KALI SULPH.
  Sanguinaria,  Bromine,  Causticum,  Kali Brom.,
Cubebs.  Naphthalin, Carbo  v., Rhus  v., Natrum
Phos.
  Asthmatic, Suffocative Cough.— ARSENICUM,
FOWLER'S SOLUTION  OF  ARSENIC,  IPECAC,
KALI HYD., KALI BICH., NAPHTHALIN, STRA-
MONIUM,  VERATRUM VIR., DIGITALINE,  SALI-
CYLIC ACID, ATROPIA, PILOCARPIN,  SANGUI-
NARIA, LACHESIS, AMMONIUM BROM., HEPAR
S.,  SULPHUR,  CHINOJODIN,  KALI   SULPH.,
CUPRUM PHOS.
  Grindelia, Cuprum, Kreosote, Tartar Em., Nux Y.,
Iodine, Lycopodium, Phosphorus,  Yeratrum alb.,
Chloral, Lobelia, Kali Brom., Lobelia, Ferrum Phos.
  Causticum,  Gelsemium,  Hyosciamus,   Morphia,
Asafcetida, Camphor,  Calcaria fluorica, Strychnia.
  Stretch  the sphincter ani and cut off papillae and
out-pockets.
  Hectic  Fever—ACONITE, BELLADONNA,  AR-
SENICUM, CALC. C, CHINA,  HEPAR S., LYCOPO-
DIUM, SILICIA, SULPHUR.
  Iodine, Tartar em., Stannum,  Mercury, Cod Liver
Oil.
  Sulphuric ae, Nitric ac, Phos. ac,  Muriatic ac,
Graphites,  Rhus tox., Bryonia, Gelsemium,  Digitalis,
Ipecac, Sepia, Morphia, Pulsatilla, Quinia, Iron, Zinc,
Zinc oxide.
  Adjuvants.— Sponging in  cold salt water, sea
water, alcohol or vinegar, folloAved by brisk friction. 
140         CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
Inhalation of Oxygen gas, or drinking water charged
with Oxygen and Nitrous oxide gases.  Injections of
Carbonic acid gas  Avith  Sulphuretted • hydrogen.
Flannel under-clothing  should  be worn winter and
summer.  Take daily open air exercise, Diet of solids
and liquids, Inunctions of cod liver oil, Peptonized
cod liver oil and milk.
   Night Sweats.—ATROPIA, CALC.  C, ARSENI-
CUM, CHINA,  QUINIA, MERCURY,  PILOCARPIN,
LICOPODIUM, SILICIA,  SULPHUR, SULPHURIC
ACID,  NITRIC AC, MURIATIC  AC,  PHOS. AC,
MORPHIA,  OXIDE OF  ZINC,  PICROTOXINE,
ERGOT,  CARBO AN., CARBO VEG.,  COD LIVER
OIL, SULPHONAL.
   Belladonna, Iron, Iodine, Sambucus, Psorin, Gallic
acid, Salicylic ac, Aconite, Rhus tox., Tannin.
   Polyporus,  Sepia, Graphites Talc, Petroleum,
Phosphorus, Fluoric ac,  Lactic ac,  Staphasagra,
Stannum, Thuja.
   Adjuvants.—Sponging  the  body  Avith  vinegar
and dilute Sulphuric acid, Avarm Alcohol, or very hot
Avater at bed time.  Warm or cold baths, Avell salted.
If the SAveating is copious, add Cayenne pepper  or
Mustard  to the substances enumerated.  To stimu-
late  the  sAveat glands,  lime Avater  baths are ex-
cellent.  A tumblerful of skimmed milk, or  koumiss
drunk  on going to bed arrest many cases. Oils
rubbed into  the skin at bed time.  Ice bag to spine.
Sponge the patient every evening Avith a solution of
Chloral, one drachm to a tumbler of brandy and
Avater aa.  Many cases will be arrested by  rubbing
the skin Avith poAvdered chalk.  Tavo fluid drachms of
ergot hypodermically, injected half hour before per-
spiring Avill arrest most cases.  AAvaken the patient
before the hour of SAveating, and give him a copious 
REMEDIES.
141
drink of grape juice  or  milk.  Sulphonal in eight-
grain doses Avill arrest most cases.
   Aphthae  (Thrush, Muguet, Sore Mouth).—BO-
RAX, MERCURY, KALI CHLORATE, NITRIC AC,
MURIATIC AC, SULPHURIC AC, ARGENTUM NIT.
   Kali Hyd.,  Nux Y., Hvdrastus, Arsenicum, Cup.
Phos., Eucalyptus, Kali Sulph.
   Kreosote, Natrum  m., Sanguinaria,  Phytolacca,
Staphasagria,  Iris, Sulphur, Cantharis,  Hamamelis,
Rhus Glab., Iodine, Zinc.
   Adjuvants.—A crystal of Chlorate of potash or
Borax kept in the mouth and allowed to dissolve
slowly, is the best knoAvn reined}^.  Locally,  Nitrate
of Sihrer is excellent.  Sulphurous or Muriatic Acid
spray.  Apply  glyceroles of Hydrastus,  Eucalyptus,
or Sanguinaria. • Apply  Bismuth or Oxide  of  Zinc
freely to the sores. Locally,  apply Carbolic Acid,
Sulphate of copper, Sulphite of Soda, or Perman-
ganate of Potash.  Eat freely of vegetable acids, as
lemons, oranges, apples, etc. Milk and soda water aa.
Use  a  generous  diet,  especially of  liquids, milk,
koumiss, buttermilk, bovinine, beef tea, or Armour's
Extract of Beef.
   Diarrhoea  (Tubercular).-ARSENICUM,  MER-
CURY, NITRIC AC, MURIATIC AC, SULPHURIC
AC,  IPECAC,   LEPTANDRIA,  PODOPHYLLUM,
ALOES, COTO  BARK, COTAINE, ARGENTUM NIT.,
GUARANO, CALCC.,FERRUM, SULPHUR, GUACO,
MORPHIA,  FERRUM   PHOS., KALI  SULPH.,
TALCUM.
   Nux  v., Bryonia,  Rhus  tox.,  Camphor, China,
Croton  Tig., Phos. Ac,  Rheum, Secale,  Terebinth,
Yeratrum Alb,  Cod Liver Oil.
   Bismuth, Opium, Gummi, gutti, Natrum,  Sulph.,
Petroleum, Psorin, Collinsonia. 
142         CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.

   Adjuvants.—Food must be non-irritating and in
a liquid form.  Boiled milk, or milk and lime water
half  and half.  Peptonized liquid food, rice  or ar-
roAV root, Armour's beef extract, Bovinine,  or Val-
entine's meat juice.  If stomach is involved, lacto-
peptine; if the intestines, pancreatine or inspissated
ox gall, raAV, half cooked eggs, oysters, ripe fruit in
moderation.  When great acidity prevails, substitute
soda  Avater  for lime Avater.  Mucilaginous  drinks.
Absolute rest in the recumbent position. Keep the
abdomen and extremities Avarm. The Avhites of ten
eggs in a pint of Avater flavored Avith lemon or  sugar,
is  a nutritious  beverage of great value.  Lemonade
or orangeade.  Chicken boiled Avith rice.  Warm pep-
tonized milk one pint every three hours.  The griping
pains may be  palliated by either dry or moist heat
applied to the abdomen.  Mustard plasters  to the
abdomen.  Some cases  are  relieved by injections of
Avarm starch, to this may be added twenty drops of
opium.  Wear  a Avet girdle, covered Avith oiled silk,
about the abdomen. Tepid baths.  Warm  linseed
poultice  to the abdomen.  Turpentine stupes.  As-
tringent enemata of Kino and Logwood, Tannin, or
compound poAvder of Catechu.  Keep the feet Avarm
and  dry, and  the abdomen covered  with  flannel.
Avoid cold, damp air. If possible, live in a mountain-
ous country.  Saturated solution of common salt in
cider  vinegar, one teaspoonful  ter  die.  Most cases
can be arrested Avith poAvdered Talcum in fifty-grain
doses given in milk, ter die.  Drink  four quarts of
blackberry juice in Avater daily.  Enemata of one pint
of hot water, three times a day, has a Avonderful sal-
utary effect.  Stretch the sphincter ani and cut out
the papillae and pockets. 
REMEDIES.                143
   Thoracic pain.-ACONITE,  BRYONIA,  RHUS
TOX., KALI CARB., MORPHIA.
   Kali  Sulph.,  Macrotin, Belladonna, Kali loci.
Rut a g., Thuja.
   Arnica, Senega,  Spygelia, Cactus g., Phytolacca.
   Adjuvants.—Apply heat to the chest in the form
of poultices, 6v flannel rung out of hot Avater.  Rubber
bag filled with hot water will keep the heat longer
than anything  else.  Sinapisms.  Wet pack to the
chest.  Turpentine  stupes. Dry cupping.  Fly blis-
ter.  Ether spray often arrests the pain at once. Aco-
nite  and Chloroform  liniment.  Apply Chloral and
Camphor   aa.  Iodine  locally.  Arnica,  Bryonia,
Belladonna, Rhus Tox. plasters. Porous plaster. Im-
mobilize the side by  adhesive plaster.  If  effusion
takes place, aspirate.  Counter irritants.
   Bed Sores.-SILESIA, SULPHUR, HEPAR S.,
MERCURY,  ARSENICUM,  IODINE,  CALCARIA
PHOS.
   Sulphuric ac, Nitric Ac, Fluoric Ac, Muriatic Ac,
Lycopodium, China, Iodoform, Kali Sulph.
   Calc, C, Carbolic Ac,  Salicylic Ac,  Phytolacca,
Kali Phos.
   Adjuvants.—Lessen  the amount of pressure by
the use of circular cushions, filled Avith Avater, air, or
down.  Water bed.  Dust Iodoform over the sores.
Bathe  the  sores tAvice a day, and then dress them
Avith the Glycerole of Iodoform, Carbolic Acid, Calen-
dula, Hamamelis, or Arnica.  Apply  tAvice a day an
ointment  of Sub-iodide  of  Bismuth.  Iodoform,
Napthol, Acetate of Lead, or Zinc.  Tar-oid.  Apply
sponges alternately wret with hot and cold water for
a  few minutes,  and then apply lint  saturated with
Phosphoric acid.
   Prevention.  — Great  cleanliness.   Have  the pa- 
144         CONSUMPTION AND  LIQUIDS.
tient change  position often.  Wash the skin  with
Alcohol, Proof spirit, Lime Avater, Camphorated spir-
its, or a liniment of Opium and  Hamamelis, Gutta
percha, or Chloroform.  Alum and Camphor aa mixed
Avith the Avhite of eggs and applied bis die.   Olive oil
three parts, Laudanum one part, Brandy tAvo parts,
applied tAvice  a day is excellent.  Silver nitrate (20
gr. 1 dr.)  painted on unbroken skin as soon  as it
becomes red,Avill prevent bed sores in most cases.

                   REMEDIES.
  Aconite. —Dry
croupy cough, or dry
titillating cough, every
inspiration seeming  to
increase it—resulting
from an exposure to dry
cold air.  The patient is
greatly disturbed in  his
sleep by the cough;  as
soon as he is fairly set-
tled down to sleep  the
cough commences,  and
so continually repeats it-
self.  Great  restlessness
with a dry  cough  and
high fever. Cough with
active haemorrhages and
great fear of death. Bad
effects brought on from
sudden cold changes of
the  atmosphere. Uncon-
trollable  anguish, with
great fear of death, is a
marked characteristic of
Aconite. Aggravated at
night  with  high fever
and full bounding pulse.
   This  remedy is especially
adapted to people of sanguine
temperament, and a  full ple-
thoric habit, Avhere the primary
or inflammatory stage has not
passed.  If there is high fever
present, it suits a loose as Avell
as a dry cough; but, as a rule,
Avill be found to act best Avhere
there is a dry cough, and ag-
gravated at night.  "There is
almost ahvays a tingling sen-
sation in the chest after cough-
ing.   There may be stitches in
the chest  and side, which are
often so severe as  to  interfere
considerably with respiration,
permitting only half-inch res-
pirations ;  sometimes  there
is an oppression of  the chest
Avithout pain, which keeps one
from taking a deep breath,
palpitation of the heart with 
REMEDIES.
145
great anguish.   In dry bronchial catarrh, in its most
obstinate form, it is the most reliable agent Ave have.
It is  also of great value in those long fits of dry
morning and evening coughs, so trying to the patient
from their everyday recurrence.
   "Where the  left lung is  most  involved and the
pleura is at the same  time implicated, manifested by
a sharp stitching pain on breathing, the cough, which
Avould be very hard were it not suppressed on account
of the pain, is almost dry, it being extremely difficult
to raise anything.  The little that is brought up is
tenacious, falling in  a round lump, and of a dark,
cherry-red color. Give the 30th." (C Pearson, M. D.)
   Active and sudden haemorrhages, with much con-
gestion of the lungs, after severe  exertions, a fit of
passion or sudden changes in the temperature from
warm to cold.  The blood is expectorated with a dry
teasing cough; flushed  face,  with great anxiety and
restlessness.  Asthma Avith  great anxiety of mind
and restlessness.
   Dose—1st to the  30th.
   Aggravation.— In the evening,  particularly  at
night and in a warm  room.
   Amelioration.—When still and in the open air.
  Arsenicum.—R a p i d
and great prostration,
with sinking of the vital
forces, in lymphatic peo-
ple. Great debility and
extreme emaciation, rest-
lessness, anguish of mind
and fear of death. White,
waxy,  pale face, with
great  debility;  craving
for acids; great thirst;
craving for cold  water,
      10
   This remedy  is  especially
adapted to lymphatic,  nerv-
ous  temperaments, that  are
constantly sad and irritable.
"The organic functions of the
Avhole   sympathetic  nervous
system are stricken down and
destroyed  from   the  inmost
recesses of vitality. The blood-
making  power  of the gang- 
146         CONSUMPTION  AND  LIQUIDS.
                      lionic nervous system is com-
                      pletely  annihilated by the ac-
                      tion of Arsenicum, the poison
                      acting  directly upon the  red
                      corpuscles,  diminishing  their
                      power of taking up the oxygen
                      supplied to them in the lungs;
                      and the carbonaceous  com-
                      pounds  thus unconsumed de-
                      posit themselves  in  the form
                      of fat.  If this direct action on
                      the  corpuscles  be   granted,
                      many of the phenomena of ar-
                      senical  poisoning become ex-
                      plicable.  No wonder  that the
                      blood is black and coagulable,
                      resembling that of malignant
                      fever and cholera.  Petechial
                      effusions frequently occur, Avith
                      profound cachexia."
                         Dr. Hirschel says,  "Arsenic
                      applies  in all kinds of coughs,
                      predominantly,  hoAAever,  in
                      the dry cough. In  acute and
chronic affections of a torpid  or dangerous nature;
especially indicated for cough  in organic diseases of
an  incurable or destructive  nature, either in  the
larynx, bronchi, lungs, pleura, or heart.  Its choice
depends upon others than cough symptoms.  These
functional symptoms are: dyspnoea, asthma,  suffo-
cating spells, cyanosis, heart symptoms  of all kinds,
disturbed  circulation,  decomposition of the  blood,
exudations,  decay  and  gangrene  of organic  sub-
stance, disorganizations, excessive pains.   Constitu-
tional indications are:  exhaustion of life-poAA^er,  col-
drinking often, but little
at a time, since the stom-
ach cannot assimilate it.
Watery diarrhoea of a ca-
daverous smell, with ex-
cessive prostration.  All
symptoms worse at
night, particularly after
midnight.   Burning
pains, the parts burning
like fire, aggravated by
rest, relieved by motion.
Dry cough, excited by a
sensation as if fumes of
sulphur were inhaled,
with  excessive dyspnoea.
Craves warm air, is sad
and irritable, cannot lie
down for fear of suffoca-
tion.  Obstinate nausea
and vomiting. Anasarca
of tbe whole body. Cold
night  sweats.   Tongue
dry, brown or black, con-
stantly licking the  dry,
cracked lips.   Gangren-
ous aphthaeo.  Tympan-
itis of the abdomen. 
remedies.                 147
lapse,  high  degree  of  Aveakness, syncope, anaemia,
nervous irritability, disposition  to  ulceration, hy-
draemia, etc., nightly aggravations, Avorse from lying
doAvn, drinking, and change of Aveather."
   Arsenicum is, after Aconite,  one of the most im-
portant medicines in dry catarrh not of recent date.
It operates  its most striking effects in the form of
dyspnoea, Avhieh results from a more or less extensiA^e
emphysema and consecutive pulmonary congestion.
Thus the difficulty of breathing, which is  relieved by
Arsenic, does not entirely cease in the intervals of
coughing, and also returns in periodical  severe par-
oxysms, especially during the night.  None the less
remarkable is its action Avhen the obstruction in the
pulmonary circulation is caused by regurgitation of
the  blood  from  the ventricles  into  the auricles.
There  may be oedema of the lungs, but the secretion
is scanty, and a sensation of dryness in the respira-
tory lining prevails. The patients complain of an
exasperating titillation in the Avindpipe or under the
sternum, chiefly in the night, that proA'okes a dry,
Avheezing, often very violent cough; this is attended,
after a  time, by a Avhite, frothy, sometimes sticky,
mucus.  Its action is prompt and intense. Numberless
invalids, AA'ho  without its aid  would  have  passed
agonizing  nights, are,  by its use,  enabled to rest
tranquilly.  This vitalizing action of the  mineral on
the nervous system has often been the means of saAT-
ing the lives of children arrived at the last stage of
suffocative catarrh.  No remedy Avill be found more
poAverful or  more  sure to raise  the vitality Avhen
asphyxia is too far advanced for the  exhibition of
Tart, em., and the tumultuous agitation of the heart
foretells its fast approaching paralysis.
   "Though rarely of much service in simple catarrh 
148
CONSUMPTION and liquids.
it is invaluable in the treatment of bronchitis con-
nected Avith deficient assimilation  and arrested  or-
ganic metamorphosis. As a haematic and ganglionic
neurotic, it displays remarkable regulating effects on
nutrition in great emaciation or tendency to fatty de-
posits; in anaemia, malaria, cachexia and fatty degen-
eration of the kidneys. No less valuable is this mineral
in all forms of bronchitis dating from a herpetic taint."
   In anaemic subjects, Avith  dry asthmatic nightly
cough, or if there is disturbed circulation  from ather-
omatous disease of the valves of the heart, Arsenicum
will be found of much value.  Anguish and despond-
ency are  prominent symptoms in cases that call for
the use of this drug.
   Dose.—Use from the 2nd to the 30th.  The Iodide
is the most useful.
   Aggravation.— In the night after  midnight^  in
cold air, or getting cold; after drinking; from exer-
tion ; Avhile lying down Avith the head Ioav and  from
cold drinks.
   Amelioration.— By being  Avrapped  up  warm;
from  warm food and drinks; in a warm room, and
by a hot stoATe.
  Argentum Nitri-
cum.— A withered, dried-
up state from  constitu-
tional disease.  Patient
can't think, can't  talk,
can't walk, very dizzy.
Minutes seem hours to the
patient;  time  seems so
long to the patient about
everything.  In a great
hurry  to do things.
Great  distension of the
stomach with gas. Fluids
  This remedy has a special
and specific  action upon the
cartilagenous system ; in tuber-
culosis, Avith  ulceration of the
larynx  and  trachea, accom-
panied  Avith a dry,  racking-
cough, it will be found invalu-
able,  especially  if there  be
found a syphilitic taint in the
system.
  Dr. Meyhoffersays," Nitrate 
remedies.
149
seem to run straight
through the intestinal
canal without stopping.
Ulceration of the bowels,
with chronic watery diar-
rhoea. Increases the activ-
ity  of  the secretions, re-
movingcarbon and nitro-
gen from the organism.
                       of silver proves highly bene-
                       ficial in all the stages of tuber-
                       culous laryngitis.  (In the be-
                       ginning  of the disease, Avhen
                       the throat  and larynx  are
                       much inflamed, Avith titillation
                       in  the latter,  much haAvking
                       and  spasmodic cough,  Avith
 accumulation of  phlegm  in the throat).   At a later
 period, when the edges of the  ulcers are the seat of
 luxuriant  granulations, the  inhalations  of  the
 stronger solutions  of this salt  produce excellent
 effects, as they reduce morbid  groAvths.  In  several
 instances, Ave have aborted  incipient  serious infiltra-
 tion  of the sub-mucous tissue  in  the last stages of
 laryngeal phthisis.   They have, however,  the draAv-
 back of blackening the skin or linen Avith Avhieh they
 come in contact;  that can be only partly avoided by
 inhaling the steam or vapor through a glass tube, or
 by othenvise  protecting the exposed parts.  Some-
 times,  therefore,  Avhen Avishiug  to  act  Avith more
 energy, Avithout employing the caustic substance, we
 use insufflation into the larynx by a' slightly curved
 glass tube,  of one or tAvo grains of the first decimal
 trituration  of the nitrate. The frequent effect  is a
 violent fit of coughing, but the  groAvth is thoroughly
 acted upon, and the  operation  need not be repeated
 more than three  or four times.  Should the vegeta-
tions, be extensive, hoAvever, or in caulifloAver form,
or if by their situation they should cause  dyspnoea,
they  must either be destroyed by the porte-castique,
or  removed Avith the laryngeal scissors.   The same
operation is to be peformed  on  the detached  flaps of
the mucous membrane;  (difficult and  painful degluti-
tion, Avith extensive ulceration of the epiglottis).  We 
150          CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
have seen this  mineral  master inflammation  and
SAvellingof the posterior Avail and lining of the larynx,
attended  by  a sensation  of a  clog  in the  vocal
organs, with hoarseness  or loss of voice, continued
vain efforts  to swallow, Avith  pain and soreness in
deglutition, Avith haAvking, considerable muco-puru-
lent expectoration, or  titillation in the larynx, Avith
dry spasmodic cough, 3d to the 12th attenuations."
  Dose.—Use from the 3d to the 6th decimal. Locally",
crude caustic.
   Aggravation.—At night, and early in the morn-
ing; after eating cold  food,  or in  cold  weather;
during rest, and from Avalking.
   Amelioration.—In  open air, craves open  air;
eructations; cannot sleep Avithout fresh air.
  Belladonna.—P ai n s
come and go with great
celerity.  Furious delir-
ium,  wild look.  Face
flushpd, eyes red, photo-
phobia, rage, tears, bites,
and strikes, and desire to
quarrel,  violent  conges-
tion of blood to the
head, with strong throb-
bing  of  the carotids.
Throbbing  headache
worse from motion  and
noise. Extreme sensitive-
ness  to  the  least jar.
Groat  dryness of the
mouth and fauces; ton-
sils bright red and  swol-
len, very dry.  Spasms of
the throat. Constant dry
cough. Haemoptysis with
a  dry teasing  cough.
Haemorrhages come  on
  This remedy has a  hard,
dry, teasing, spasmodic cough,
and it is generally accompan-
ied  Avith inflammation of the
throat, and difficult, painful de-
glutition. " Dr. Hirschel," says
Bell, "has great sensitiveness
in contradistinction to the ir-
ritable Aconite.  Vasomotory
stimulation with increased
nervosity;  the chief  remedy,
therefore,  for  sensitive  per-
sons, woman and children, for
erethic inflammatory forms,
not for croupy,  plastic  ones;
for spasmodic  states, cough,
dry, barking spasmodic, in par-
oxysms, with titillation in the
trachea  and bronchis, aggra- 
REMEDIES.                 151
suddenly.  All symptoms  vations at night, with contin-
are  worse evenings and  UOus sensation of having SAval-
at night, relieved by any.  ]owed dugt  Ame]iorationfrom
thing cold.  Disposition
to perspire, with high  anything  cold,  sensation of
fever.                 constriction in the throat, diffi-
culty of SAvalloAving; congestion to the head; stitches
in the chest.  In  simple  inflammatory  catarrh of
the larnyx, trachea  doAvn to  the lungs, especially
the first stages; more in capillary bronchitis than in
pneumonia; in  the  beginning  of whooping cough;
influenza;  in  affections  of  the brain, spinal  cord
or  heart;  inflammation  of parts  adjacent to the
respiratory organs.  In stenosis  of  the glottis, in
bronchial  asthma, as  an intercurrent.  The  parts
shoAv  a  pinkish,  smooth redness  in the larnyx,
uvula,'and fauces."   Dr. Baehr says:  "A disposi-
tion to perspire Avhile the skin is very hot, with a
dry, continual, distressing, spasmodic cough;  short
paroxysms of cough, but very violent, especially to-
Avards evening; no expectoration,  or else a yelloAvish,
tenacious, blood-streaked,  scanty  expectoration.
Sensation of  great  fullness in  the lungs  Avithout
pain."  Larnyx exceedingly painful  Avith constriction
of  the trachea, hoarseness, paralytic aphonia of a
cerebo-spinal origin, that has come on very suddenly;
the paroxysms of dry cough come on,  Avith fits  of
short, difficult, irregular and suffocative  respiration,
anxiety and great irritability, greatly aggravated at
night.  The active principle of Belladonna, Atropine,
gi\^en in the 2d and 3d decimal trituration, is the most
precious remedy Ave have in  the same kind of cough
calling for Belladonna, Avith the neurotic elements
predominating.  The parts are in a  more nervous, ir-
ritable state, instead  of the congestion calling for
Belladonna. 
152          CONSUMPTION  AND LIQUIDS.
   Dose.—First to the sixth.
   Aggravation.—At night, by moving, or touching
the parts.
   Amelioration.— During; rest and in a Avarmroom.
  Baptisia.—Secretions
foeted, with foul  breath.
Chill  every morning at
10 A. m.  and M p. m.
High fever and tempera-
ture.  Great sinking sensa-
tion in the stomach with
faint  feeling.  The parts
rested upon feel sore and
bruised. Can swallow
nothing but liquids.  Ex-
ceedingly weak.
  This remedy is more particu-
larly   indicated  in  the  last
stages of phthisis,  Avhere the
glands of the boAvels are ulcer-
ated,  with diarrhoea and great
foetor of the stools and urine.
Tongue  coated broAvn, dry of-
fensive  breath,  stupid,  ty-
phoid condition.    Tightness
                      of  the  lungs,  can  hardly
breathe, muttering delirium;  the head serins scat-
tered, he must toss about to get the pieces together.
Cough loose, muco-purulent, and very foetid.
   Dose.— Tincture to the third dilution.
   Aggravation.— In close,  Avarm room.
   Amelioration.— In open, fresh air.
  Bryonia.—All the
symptoms  are  greatly
aggravated by  motion,
and in hot weather. Pa-
tient cannot sit up from
nausea and faintness.
Lips  dry  and cracked;
stools hard and dry as if
burnt. Extremely irrita-
ble, the head aches  in the
forehead, with a feeling
as if it would burst open.
Severe stiching pains dur-
ing inspiration. Dry
Qough, compels  the pa-
tient to sit up. Respira-
   Bryonia's great sphere  of
usefulness  is  found  in  all in-
flammatory affections of the
respiratory organs, the lungs,
and  their  enveloping  mem-
branes,   that   have  ad-
vanced   to  the   stage   of
effusion.   Dr.  Hirschel says:
"Bryonia stands in close rela-
tion to the chest. It frequently
folloAvs Aconite,   to remove
the  debris, and is therefore in
a certain  way more powerful 
REMEDIES.  .               153
tion oppressed, wishes to
take in a long breath but
cannot, from a feeling of
oppression.  Stitching,
tearing pains, greatly ag-
gravated by motion, and
at night, relieved by rest.
Brick dust expectoration.
                      than Aconite, Avhieh acts more
                      on the general state and less
                      on the local, and  vice versa in
                      comparison to  Mercurius,
                      the latter acting  more on the
                      state,  whereas  Bryonia
                      affects the general state.   It
brings  on resolution in catarrhs, resorption in in-
flammation, chiefly indicated in the second stage for
slightly plastic but not  highly graded inflammatory
forms in  croup.  It is the chief remedy in bronchial
affections; in catarrhal pneumonia only applicable
Avhere hepatization passes over into resolution,  or
where the pleura is  at  the same time affected; per-
haps  also  in chronic   pneumonia.  The  Bryonia
cough is concussive by coming dry from the sternal
region, as if the chest Avould burst, Avith scanty yel-
Ioav  or blood-streaked  thin mucus, frequently asso-
ciated  with  vomiting,  especially after eating, Avith
status  gastricus, difficulty  of  breathing,  pleuritic
stitches, muscular pains, and soreness of the throat."
Dr. W. H. Holcomb  says, "Bryonia for a dry, con-
cussive cough, producing  pain  both  in  head  and
chest, Avith  characteristic  stitching  pains."   Dr.
Guernsey says:  "Bryonia cough at night, in bed
compelling one  to spring up and assume an erect
posture  at  once."  Dr.  Baehr  says:  "We wish  to
state, as an evidence  of the healing poAvers of this
drug, that Ave scarcely ever notice under its adminis-
tration a copious  secretion of the so-called sputa
cocta, and the resorption of the infiltration takes
place Avith very little, or perhaps without  any expec-
toration, or, judging  from the standpoint  of  pathol-
ogy, taking place in  its most perfect form."  It  is
more  particularly indicated  in dyspnoea,  than  in 
154          CONSUMPTION  AND  LIQUIDS.
genuine  cases of asthma,  but Avill  relieve some feAv
cases of asthma, Avhere there is much stitching rheu-
matic pains.
   Dose.—From the first to the thirtieth dilution.
   Aggravation.— In the evening and at night, from
motion and cold air.
   Amelioration.— During rest; Avhen Avarm in bed;
in Avarm weather;  after perspiration and in the day-
time.
  Calcaria Oarboni-
ca,  or  Phosphate —
Leuco-phlegmatic consti-
tutions, large head and
features.  Pale, flabby
skin, with a white, chalky
look.  In infants open
fontanelles, with profuse
perspiration of the head
and chest, standing out
in large bead-like drops,
soaking  the pillow with
sweat.  Great debility, in
going up stairs; is all out
of  breath, has  to  sit
down; running up stairs
produces great  vertigo.
Feet feel cold continually,
as if he had on cold, damp
stockings.  Cold, damp,
eastern winds are sure to
bring on a cold. Great
emaciation with constant
disposition to take cold ;
the  cold goes through
and through the patient.
Hectic fever, with copious
perspiration of the head
and chest.  Acid stom-
ach, with sour vomiting.
In children, swelling over
   Calcaria,  in its various
forms, is one of the most useful
agents Ave have in constitu-
tional  diseases, especially  in
consumption.   It  acts  Avith
great power through the vege-
tatiAe  nervous system upon
the  lymphatics,  mucous
membranes,  skin  and  osse-
ous tissue.   It  is especially
useful  in individuals in Avhom
the  process  of  formation
and  reformation  is   imper-
fectly  performed, as in child-
hood duringdentition, rachitis
and in flabby fat constitutions.
In cough based on an organic
foundation, that  is of a loose,
rattling nature, it is one of the
most useful remedies Ave have.
many  physicians  give it in dry
coughs, but  I am persuaded
that  its great field of  useful-
ness  is after  the cough has
lasted aAvhile, and is passing
into the moist or loose stage, 
REMEDIES.
155
                      then it is the remedy par ex-
                      cellence.  Dr. Hirschel  says:
                      "Calcaria is  our chief remedy
                      in scrofulosis and tuberculo-
                      sis, and therefore beneficial in
                      many  chronic  coughs,  espec-
                      ially in ulcerative processes of
                      the larynx,  or in other kinds
                      of cough resting upon an or-
                      ganic base."  Marcy and Hunt
                      say:  "Persons  curable by it
                      are of  lymphatic  tempera-
                      ment,  scrofulous, or rickety;
                      sIioav  plethora  of the  veins,
                      easily take cold,  are frail,
poorly fed, but tend to groAV fat.  Its  application in
consumption  is chiefly  restricted to cases  in  AVhich
these features  predominate.  The patient is feeble in
body and mind, though in some cases mentally  pre-
cocious,  and often regarded  as a genius; he  is sub-
ject to depression of spirits, Aveeping mood, restless
and  anxious; has no hope of recovery, is hypochon-
driacal ;  the hair falls off, the eyes are feeble, cannot
bear  gaslight, and he suffers  from  all  possible
derangements  of digestion; the nervous system be-
comes excessively  irritable,  especially in females,
producing hysteria, fault-finding,  nervous  exhaus-
tion,  especially  menorrhagia; in  males  sperma-
to-i'ho'a or  exhausting  emissions.  It is proper in
the stage of purulent expectoration, after Sulphur or
Nitric acid."   Dr. Meyhoffer says: "We fully agree
Avith  Baehr,  Avho  indicates emphysematous catarrh
as being  especially  Avithin its sphere  of action; no
less commendable is this mineral in bronchial dilata-
tion and putrid expectoration."
the -pit of the stomach
like a saucer turned bot-
tom upwards.  Chronic
watery diarrhoea; food is
badly  assimilated.  In
women, the  menses are
too  often, too  copious
and last too long. Pains
are aggravated by the
slightest touch as from a
current of air, noise, ex-
citement.  Walking pro-
duces great fatigue.
Whole chest  intensely
painful  to touch.  Acts
much better on the
young. 
156
CONSUMPTION and  liquids.
   Dr.  Holcomb says: "Calcaria frequently softens
and  mitigates a harsh, dry recent cough, but has
quite a different indication in serious chronic and or-
ganic bronchial  disease,  Avhieh frequently finds its
indications in the general symptoms or constitution
of the patient, quite as  prominently as  in the spe-
cific  symptoms of an individual case; and yet char-
teristic symptoms are not by  any means a\anting;
the cough  is  almost ahvaj's  accompanied Avith a
more or less profuse  expectoration, early  putting on
a purulent character.  Amelioration from lying on
the back; aggravation from lying upon the sides, has
a more marked control over the upper half of the
right lung,  than over any other portion of either
lung." Intumescence in the lymphatic and glandular
systems, dyscrasial affections of membranous struc-
tures, of all the white structures aa hich have but little
vitality or blood,  and  are  nourished  chiefly by
lymph.  Development is  also imperfect or arrested
in the  tendons, cartilages, bones and serous mem-
branes; emaciation  and  debility being  the  most
marked symptoms of Calcaria.  To  eradicate the
constitutional dyscrasia that lies at the  foundation
of asthma, especially in the young.  The asthmatic
breathing is associated Avith a feeling of tightness
and  soreness of the chest as if too full of blood and
loud mucous  rales,  Avith a feeling of dust  in the
throat and lungs;  Avorse mornings.  Copious ex-
haustive night SAveats that are ahvays more abun-
dant in the morning.
   Dose —From the 3rd to the 1000th dilution; 3rd,
6th and 30th most useful.
   Aggravation.—From cold, damp eastAvinds;  from
getting Avet; when ascending heights; from loss  of
fluids, and from light in general. 
                     remedies.                 157

   Amelioration.— In dry, warm weather; after eat-
ing.
                         This  remedy is not  Avhat
                       might  be  called  a  cough
                       remedy, but for peculiar states
                       of  the system  it  becomes  a
                       remedy of great value; for in-
                       stance, in cases Avhere the vi-
                       tality has sunk very low, with
                       great debility, and  the disease
                       is very dilatory in character.
                       Cough Avhen  the head is low
                       (it must be  raised);  violent
                       cough after eating, Avith jelly-
                       like expectoration.  Dr. Mey-
                       hoffer says:  "China would be
                       sadly missed if not at hand in
                       chronic  bronchitis  with  loud
                       coarse rattles, great  debility
                       and  AAreakness; anaemic and
                       oedematous  SAvelling  of  the
                       loAver  extremities.  It  is often
                       the  natural  successor of Ar-
                       senic."  Baehr says:  "China
                       is indicated if the pulmonary
affection seems to constitute the whole difficulty; but
still more, if it commences with the symptoms of a,
severe hyperaunia of the liver, and if the patients
very soon shoAv a  cachectic appearance.  It is Avell
known hoAv often pains in the liver constitute symp-
toms of tuberculosis." Marcy and  Hunt say:  "It not
only prevents destruction of nerve tissue, but, by its
well known effects on the function of nutrition, con-
tributes greatly to  the reparative process.  It may,
therefore, be regarded as the great conservator of the
  China.—The system
has been  debilitated by
the loss of vital fluids, as
blood, semen, diarrhoea,
over-lactation,  night
sweats, and  leucorrhcea.
Great exhaustion,  no
strength to walk, talk or
do anything. Symptoms
aggravated  every  other
day; symptoms are inter-
mitent.  The symptoms
are aggravated by the
slightest touch; moving
or touching the  parts
brings on intolerable neu-
ralgia. Long-lasting con-
gesting headache,  with
singing and roaring in the
ears.   Enormous disten-
tion of the abdomen with
gas;  diarrhoea of  undi-
gested food.  Exhaustive
haemorrhages. Jaundice.
Longing for acids; co-
pious  exhausting  night
sweats. 
158
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
nervous system in conditions of febrile excitement or
nervous prostration.  Drs. Kidd and Gedham spoke
most highly of the results they had obtained  from
the pure tincture of China in the advanced stage of
phthisis.  The poAver  of  China and its active princi-
ple, the Sulphate of Quinine, in arresting the destruc-
tive metamorphosis of tissue, is only beginning to be
appreciated." If the great key-note of exhaustion
from the loss of vital flufds, be  kept in mind, China
and its alkaloid, the Sulphate of Quinia, must be one
of our great mainstays  in holding up the patient's
strength, in the last stages of phthisis.
   Dose.— The tincture, up to the thirtieth dilution.
   Aggravation.— In the evening; in damp,  cold
Aveather; from touching the parts; eating and drink-
ing, and lying Avith the head Ioav.
   Amelioration.— From Avarmth; during rest and
afternoon.
  Cocaine.—Dry, spas-
modic  teasing  cough,
with excessive sensative-
ness of  the throat and
larynx;  the patient has
to cough constantl.v, no
rest night or day. Copi-
ous hemorrhages. Spas-
modic asthma.
                        No known remedy can equal
                     the Hydrochlorate of Cocaine
                     in haemorrhages of the lungs,
                     especially Avhere Ave have great
                     excitement and fear of death.
                     As a  remedy  to control  the
                     continual dry coughing it  has
no equal, Avhen the mucous membrane is in a state
of extreme hypera?sthesae.   In  the  last  stages,  a
spray of four per cent, solution arrests and palliates
the pain and continual coughing, produced by the in-
flammation  and ulceration of the larynx and
trachea.  Where  asthma is associated with the  dis-
ease,  similar to Hay asthma, the breathing  is la-
bored, the cough is dry, or seems loose, but nothing
is expectorated, Cocaine will be found of great value. 
REMEDIES.
159
Dose.— First three decimal triturations.
Aggravation.—Night, and in cold air.
Amelioration.— AY arm air.
  Conium.—Sad, de-
sponding people';  great
vertigo, particularly
when lying  down and
when turning over in bed,
Much difficulty in  void-
ing  urine, it  flows and
stops  again  repeatedly
during urination.  In
woman  there is great
tenderness of the breasts,
preceding menstruation;
the breasts are very pain-
ful from the least jar or
when walking. Nocturnal
dry, hard, spasmodic
cough, greatly  aggra-
vated  by lying  down.
Yellow skin,  scrofulous
people with indurated
glands.
   This is one of our  most
valuable remedies in dry, teas-
ing, spasmodoc cough, lasting
a long time  after lying doAvn
at night.   The Conium cough
is  always dry and greatly ag-
gravated  by night air.   Dr.
Hirschel  says:  "Its action
takes in  organic metamor-
phosis.  Its cough is periodic,
dry,  caused  by  any itching,
scraping  titillation  in  the
throat, or under the sternum;
short  convulsive cough,  ex-
cited  by horizontal position,
speaking  or  laughing.   The
             exciting causes
                      tAvo  latter
of  the  cough^ are decisive  for  the choice of  the
remedy.  The  irritation of the  cough is  seated
in  the  trachea   or  upper  bronchi.   In   Avhoop-
ing cough it  suits toAvard the end of the nervous
stage  after  Drosera,  Avhen  speaking and laughing
cause  paroxysms, Avhose poAver and  duration  are
already  broken.   In nervous bronchial asthma,, it
shoAVS good effects and certainly brings alleviation in
organic cas.es."
   Its  action on the larnygeal nerves and larnyx is
strongly marked in the provings, and has often been
confirmed in .practice;  its action on the lungs is less
marked.  The  Conium  cough is  centered  in  the
larnyx, trachea and upper bronchi.  Aggravations at 
160
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
night Avhen  lying  doAvn;  from  deep inspirations,
laughing, moving constantly.
   Dose.— First three attenuations.
   Aggravation.—At night, during rest and cold air.
   Amelioration. — AA'arm  atmosphere,  and con-
tinued motion.
  Cuprum Phos-
phoric—Loose rattling
cough with much emacia-
tion and debility.  Fre-
quently vomits when
coughing.  Copious
watery diarrhoea. Mucous
membranes  loaded  with
mucus from paralysis of
the vagi.
                        This is one of my most use-
                      ful remedies in  the first and
                      second  stages  of phthisis,
                      Avhere  there  is hectic  fever,
                      night SAveats, associated with
                      a loose cough;  expectoration
                      very copious,  muco-purulent
                      sputa.  The  patient  has  ex-
treme Aveakness seeming to center in the lungs;  ema-
ciation, with great mental depression.   In these cases
it ranks Avith  Hepar  sulphur.  The cough  is  often
associated with vomiting and diarrhoea.   In chronic
bronchitis with a loose cough,  the expectoration is
copious and foetid.  This is a grand remedy.
  Digitali s— A very
slow, intermittent pulse,
never rapid, but greatly
excited by the least move-
ment.  Exceedingly pros-
trated after coughing;
cough after eating with
vomiting of food. "Where
the heart is involved,
with  anasarca and gen-
eral dropsy.
   This remedy has a  special
action  upon   the   vagi;  its
functions are interfered Avith,
the  bronchial mucous  mem-
branes  become  loaded with
mucus; and Ave have a moist
loose, rattling cough, with an
abundant  expectoration.
                      Cyanotic  symptoms in  the
face, and  a sensation of an excessive determination
of blood to the lungs, Avhieh produces great difficulty
in breathing.  Baehr says:  " Digitalis is particularly
adapted to galloping phthisis,  Avith intense hectic 
REMEDIES.
161
fever from the commencement; the patient complains
of palpitation of  the heart;  coughs  up blood fre-
quently;  has no appetite; the cough must not be
dry; boAvels constipated, and the pulse exceedingly
quick.   Digitalis is the most reliable  remedy to mod-
erate the hectic feA'er, but the dose must  not be too
small,  nor should  it be exceedingly large,  because
large doses are apt to excite the patient." Meyhoffer
says:  "Digitalis is one of our most valuable medi-
cines in pa ssive congestion of the lungs, and chronic ca-
tarrh resulting from aAveakened,  dilated heart, irregu-
larity and intermission of the pulse;  scanty secretion
of urine and oedematous  SAvellings,  are  its  charac-
teristic symptoms."
   Dose.— I use the 2d and 3d decimal trituration of
Digitaline, and  the Fluid Extract in from  tAvo to
five drop doses.
   Aggravation.— From motion, getting heated,and
a Avarm room.
   Amelioration.— During rest.
   Ferrum.—Anamiia,
 with great paleness of the
 mucus  membranes, es-
 pecially that of the
 mouth.  Muscles feeble,
 easily  exhausted from
 slight exertion. The least
 emotion  or exertion pro-
 duces a red flushed face.
 Face,  suddenly becomes
 fiery-red, with vertigo,
 ringing in the ears, palpi-
 tation of the heart with
 dyspnoea. Loud bellows-
 sound  of the heart from
anaemia.  (Edematous
swelling of the body; con-
      11
   Iron  especially affects the
blood plasma, decreasing the
albumen  and  red corpuscles,
increasing the  Avater  in the
serum  sanguinis,  producing
anaemia  and chlorosis.   Iron
in the constitution of our tis-
sues acts  in the tAvofold char-
acter of pabulum and medi-
cine.  In  the present state of
science it is often impossible
to determine  the exact  limit
Avhere the  nutritive action
ceases, and the medicinal be- 
162         CONSUMPTION AND  LIQUIDS.
stantly  chilly.  Diseases
coincident with dropsical
conditions; coldness of
the body predominates,
especially at night. Haem-
orrhagic tendency. Stools
of undigested food, with-
outpain. In women,
menses too frequent, too
profuse, and last too long.
Chlorosis. Better when
walking slowly.
                      gins.  Strictly speaking, Iron
                      is not Avhat Ave  Avould  call a
                      true  cough remedy, but it is
                      so valuable in peculiar states
                      of the system, that we  class it
                      among  our  most  valuable
                      remedies.  Dr. Rueckert says:
                      1 'Iron produces, (1) Relaxation
                      and  weakness  of the  entire
                      musculature,  and emaciation,
weakness of digestion, coldness of the extremities.
(2) Anaemia under the mask of plethora and  conges-
tion, accompanied by a whitish color of the mucous
membranes.  (3) Pulmonary tuberculosis, especially
in young florid subjects Avith a remarkable erethism
of the vascular system, inclination to  congestion of
the chest.  But we will remind here of the property of
Iron, in larger doses, to occasion haemorrhages, a rea-.
son for which Allopathic physicians do not give it in
tuberculosis  Avith inclination to haemorrhage.   (4)
Aphonia  very  distressing.   (5)  Chronic  Avatery
diarrhoea,  especially in children, usually soon after
eating and drinking; without pain and effort, mostly
containing  undigested  substances.   Iron  is   the
remedy  often  indicated after  previous  abuse  of
Iodine, Arsenic and Quinia."
   Dr. Meyhoffer says: "Iron, (Acetate, or Perchlo-
ride)—Dry cough, from vascular congestion, Avith  dif-
ficult  and oppressed breathing;  diminished or rough
vesicular murmur and fine sibilant  ronchi; spit-
ting of blood, or bronchial haemorrhage, small, Aveak
pulse; palpitation of the heart  on  the least muscu-
lar exertion, deficient gastric secretion; the food  lies
heavy in the stomach; bowels relaxed and discharg- 
REMEDIES.
163
ing  undigested  food;   suppressed  menstruation or
profuse flooding."*
   The  cough of Iron predominates dry, but in the
morning  the  expectoration  may  be  copious, of
either mucous or purulent matter, Avith oppressed,
short breathing, Avorse  in  cold  air, and relieved by
warm air.  Dr. Pope says:  " The cases in Avhieh Iron
is especially valuable are those in Avhieh the  patient
is usually betAveen tAventy and thirty years  of age;
family history is free from  any hereditary taint and
to tubercle; he  is of a  sanguine temperament, of a
florid complexion, with an active circulation,  and an
easily excited  nervous system; the disease has been
excited by neglected catarrh, causes which  origin-
ated   mal-nutrition  with  frequent inflammatory
attacks  upon the pulmonary organs;  epistaxis,
haemoptysis, headache, congestion in various parts,
easily excited; hectic fever runs high, and the loss of
strength is very rapid; there is dA^spnoea, vomiting of
food, or lienteria."  Dr. CI. Miiller says:  " Cough, dry
at night in bed; loose, and more frequent when Avalk-
ing; chest painful above  and behind the sternum, AATith
burning after  coughing.  The cough is  appeased by
eating.  The  night cough  is  more oppressive,  and
sometimes attended Avith spitting of blood; at other
times this occurs in the morning.  Tobacco  and
brandy cause  aggravations, or increase the muco-
purulent expectoration; dryness in the chest, but
transiently  relieved by drinking, with copious secre-
tion of mucus.  Shooting pains and a sense of tight-
ness between the shoulders, impeding movements of
the joints;  the  chest feels full and tight, with san-
guine congestion; painful  oppression which  causes
one to be seated, and sometimes amounts to a con-
strictive spasm; the respiration is noisy, as in sleep; 
 164         CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.

 the breathing slow and painful, relieved by walking,
 or in speaking, and when most preoccupied in read-
 ing and writing;  it is most troublesome when in bed,
 and in the evening; the pains are worse after eating.
 I  cannot better  characterize the  sphere  of Iron in
 phthisis, than in affirming its indication by those very
 states in Avhieh Allopathists have found counter indi-
 cations and danger. It is most suited for young and
 florid subjects, presenting a transient erethism of the
 circulation, Avith congestive tendencies toward the
 chest and head.  The special symptoms are: agita-
 tion and heating, easily induced by corporal move-
 ments and moral emotions; and  as a consequence,
 palpitation, dyspnoea, cough, sudden  flushes of the
 cheeks,  epistaxis, haemoptisis,  quick  fatigue and
 nervous  excitability.  Iron rarely  fails to  help these
 subjects.  It is also useful  in hectic fever, colli'qua-
 tion, with weakness and  emaciation—thus either at
 the beginning or toAvards the end  of the disease.
 Much is to be hoped from Iron when the  hereditary
 germ breaks out in the midst of florid health;  and it
 is well knoAvn that these cases  are not the least seri-
 ous.  The palliation effected by  iron in the  third
 stage, often suffices to  banish for a time the varied
 phenomena  of hectic  fever, while the gastric forces
 recuperate under it.
   Dose.—The 1st and 2d decimal  trituration of the
 Pyrophosphate, or the Iron by Hydrogen.  The dia-
 lyzed Iron in from two to ten drop doses, is a great
 favorite with me.  The  Chloride should be given in
the first three dilutions.
   Aggravation.—While at rest; from noise, and in
the morning.
   Amelioration.— From sIoav exercise, and during
the day. 
REMEDIES.
165
  Hamamelis.—Es-
pecially called for in pas-
sive haemorrhages.  The
blood is dark and comes
into the mouth without
any effort, like  a warm
current out of the chest.
Ticklingcough with a
taste of blood on waking.
the haemorrhages it
                        In haemoptysis, this is well
                      nigh a specific. No remedy has
                      given such prompt and satis-
                      factory results  in acti\Te  or
                      passive venous  haemorrhages
                      from the pulmonary mucous
                      membrane.  Dr. Hughes thinks
                     cures depend rather upon the
state of the blood-vessels than that  of the blood.
It probably cures haemorrhages by its  specific action
upon the muscles of the capillary blood-vessels, caus-
ing them to contract.  When the  blood comes  from
the pulmonary mucous membrane this is Avell nigh a
specific; but if  the haemorrhage is due to a, rupture of
the blood-vessels from  deep ulceration, Aconite, Co-
caine, Veratrum  viride or Millefolium will act better.
  Hepar Sulphur —
Great disposition to  take
cold; excessively sensitive
to cold air.  Sweats day
and night without relief,
especially about the chest;
perspiration has a very
sour smell.  Cannot bear
to be uncovered.  Coughs
when any part of the body
is uncovered.  Second
stage, when suppuration
is inevitable.  Hoarse,
dry,  croupy cough;
loose cough; expectorat-
ing large  quantities of
mucus and pus.  Laryn-
gotracheal catarrh with
much hoarseness.  Symp-
toms worse during north
or cold west winds. Great
sensitiveness to every-
  This is the most useful and
the most frequently indicated
remedy Ave have  in phthisis.
After the first stages of cough
have passed, and Ave commence
to have a  loose, hoarse, rat-
tling cough, no  remedy can
equal  Hepar.    Dr.  Hirschel
says:  "Hepar suits  those
cases Avhieh are  so  far ad-
vanced by Aeon.,  Bry., Brom.,
Merc, Iod., or Spongia, that
they  have  passed  into the
stage of resolution.  It is our
most important remedy Avhere,
in acute forms, this resolution
has been prepared, or in moist
coughs, resting on a catarrhal 
166         CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
thing, cannot bear the  organic base, involving  the
slightest draft of air or  whole respiratory organs.  In
noise.                            n            •   •,
                     croup, as AATell as pneumonia, it
can only be indicated  in the  second stage.  It suits
tuberculosis far less than  cheesy and chronic pneu-
monia.  It may also be indicated in gastric and intes-
tinal catarrhs or complications, or in  sympathetic
cough, or in such ones extending from inflammations
of adjacent parts of the mouth and fauces.  Hoarse-
ness, scraping irritation in the larynx, or in the parts,
mucous rales, are important indications  for  this
remedy, acting on the plasticity of these processes."
Dr. Guernsey says:  " Hepar  has a rattling, choking
cough; it seems  as if the patient Avould choke  in
coughing; in croup, Avhooping cough, or in catarrh,
worse toAvards morning and  after eating."
   Marcy and Hunt say:  "Hepar  is an  important
specific  for the folloAving characteristic symptoms:
Anxious, hoarse,  Avheezing respiration, much aggra-
vated on lying doAvn; attacks of suffocation, Avhieh
force the patient to  throAv  the  head back in order
to take  breath;  dyspnoea, dry and holloAv cough;
hoarseness of voice;  cough  Avith  expectoration  of
mucus;  fever, Avorse  in the after  part of the day,
succeeded by night SAveats.  In cases Avhieh seem to
have been connected with suppression of salt rheum,
or  other eruptive  diseases,  or  metastasis of  ar-
thritic inflammations. The patient has an unhealthy
skin, Avhieh cracks or chaps,  and runs into suppura-
tion or ulceration from  slight injuries; is subject to
pimples and blotches; SAveats from the slightest ex-
ertion, and profusely at night;  mentally irritable,
impatient; has vertigo, with pain in the  head; fall-
ing off of the hair; erysipelatous eruptions  of the
face; feeling in the throat of something sticking, or 
REMEDIES.
167
rough scraping or stinging  stitches;  rawness of the
fauces,  swelled tonsils;  expectoration  mixed  Avith
blood.  Putrid taste in the mouth, loathing of food;
vomiting and water-brash."
   Dr. Meyhoffer says:  "Hepar, 2d or 3d decimal,
one  grain  morning and  eA'ening, will  not be  un-
worthy of reliance in the chronic catarrh of scrofu-
lous children  and adults, especially Avhen  the mor-
bid process shoAvs a tendency to invade the pulmo-
nary vesicles. This is the moment Avhen careful auscul-
tation Avill  enable the  physician  to nip in the bud
the  further progress of  catarrhal  pneumonia by
appropriate means, of Avhieh Hepar is one of the most
efficient. This substance is not of minor importance
in the bronchitis  engendered by swelling of the bron-
chial glands.   In such cases the  remedy must be con-
tinued as long as the improvement progresses. In
subacute catarrhal processes Hepar corresponds to
the stage characterized by the incipient collection of
mucus in the  air tubes.  As this fluid at that period
is composed essentially of mucous cells, and contains
but a small proportion of pus-corpuscles, it is  thus
rendered particularly glutinous and  sticky.  Hence
the violent and suffocating paroxysms of coughing,
often attended by retching."  Dr. Nichol says: "The
characteristic  cough of Hepar  is a dry, rough and
hollow cough; or the cough maybe dry aud croAving,
coming on in violent paroxysms.  The expectoration
is generally mucus, though sometimes bloody froth
is raised, and  occasionally small, hard, tuberculous
masses. The  respirations are  hoarse, anxious and
Avheezing, and  the difficulty is much aggravated by
lying down.  The dyspnoea is very marked, Avith suf-
focatiA^e attacks Avhieh force the patient  to throw the
head  back in  order to take breath.  The  voice is 
168         CONSUMPTION  AND LIQUIDS.
hoarse  and croaking, and the fever, which exacer-
bates toAvards evening, is folloAved by night SAveats."
Dr. Baehr says:  "A characteristic indication for He-
par is a  dry, spasmodic,  barking  cough,  Avith  a
wheezing sound  over the whole thorax, without any
mucous rales; it is a steady cough, only at intervals
increasing to dreadful paroxysms, Avith  danger of
suffocation; it is excited  by every attempt to draAv a
long breath, and only results in the expectoration of
a yellowish,  tenacious mucus."  To eradicate the
peculiar dyscrasia  that  lies at the  foundation of
asthma, Avhere the attack comes on in  the night,
Avith constriction of the chest and suffocative breath-
ing, with a choking cough,  and  a large collection of
mucus  in the  bronchi:  Tuberculosis  or  chronic
Bronchitis being at the foundation of the asthma.
   Dose—2nd to the 1000th.  The 3d and 6thbeing
most useful.
   Aggravation.—At night.  Cold, and cold  north-
east Avinds.
   Amelioration.—Relieved by Avarm air, and
warmth.
  Iodine.—Remarkable
sense of weakness and loss
of breath in going up
stairs. Low, cachectic,
scrofulous people with
enlarged lymphatic
glands, and especially the
thyroid.  In women, ema-
ciation of the  mammae
which  hang down  long
and heavy; with copious
menstruation,  or long
lasting  uterine haemor-
rhages. Dry coughpre-
dominates,  with hoarse-
   This is a  grand constitu-
tional remedy in chronic cases
that  are engrafted on  a low,
cachectic, scrofulous constitu-
tion,  Avith much emaciation,
profound debility; can  hardly
breathe  on going up  stairs;
night SAveats.   The lymphatic
glandular  system  is greatly
enlarged, and nutrition is ex-
tremely bad.  Atrophy of the
mammae   and  testes  are 
REMEDIES.                 169
ness.  Great emaciation,
debility with copious
night sweats.  Skin dark
brown, with brown or
black hair. All the symp-
toms are aggravated by
warm air and relieved by
cold.
                     marked  symptoms.  The spe-
                     cific action of Iodine upon the
                     thyroid gland and upper por-
                     tion of the air passages is very
                     marked.  Dr. Hirschel  says:
                     "Iodine, Bromine and Spongia
                     haA^e this in common; that
they especially cure the affections of the upper part's
of the respiratory organs; that they correspond to
dry cough, if of a catarrhal,  inflammatory or or-
ganic origin.  All are deeply penetrating and reliable
remedies.  Spongia might be considered the most
volatile and dynamic;  Bromine is materially inci-
sive,  forcible,  and  helps  quickly:  Iodine  is  the
strongest,  but most  sIoav in action.   They are  the
chief  remedies  in the affections of the larynx and
trachea  (catarrhs, inflammations, especially croup,
changes  in texture);  also  in stenosis of the glottis,
Iodine alone has also some relations to the bronchi,
and even to the pulmonary tissue.  According to the
symptoms Ave find in Bromine dry croup cough, Avith
scraping titillation and hoarseness; this is a special
indication for Bromine,   where small  follicles  are
found on  the  posterior  mucous  membrane of  the
pharynx, extending  to the larynx,  and  producing
continued  titillating  cough, Avith SAArelling  of the mu-
cous  membrane of the fauces, the larynx being pain-
ful to the  touch, Bromine is specific.  In  Iodine the
cough is also dry, croupy, Avith titillation and sensa-
tion of soreness in the larynx; barking, with gray or
white salty,  SAveetish expectoration; shrill whistling
and rattling in the chest; sawing, hissing respiration,
Avith  oppression.  The  subjective sensation of sore-
ness and pain frequently extends  to  the upper third
of the sternum.  Hoarseness, difficult speech and ex- 
 170         CONSUMPTION  and liquids.

 pectoration of tough mucus.  I have frequently Avit-
 nessed from Iodine splendid effects in long-standing
 laryngeal catarrhs with the above symptoms. It al-
 leviates  in  tuberculosis;  in  croup it  is  our  last
 anchor, Avhere Spongia and Bromine fail.  It is not
 an easy matter to select from these three remedies;
 each may be indicated according to  circumstances.
 The more plastic the exudation,  the more Iodine is
 indicated.  Anatomically, Ave might say, spongia is
 more   suitable for  stases,  simple  inflammation;
 Bromine for SAvelling and hypertrophy of the mucous
 membranes;  Iodine  for exudation."  Dr. Meyhoffer
 says:  "The effort to give precise  clinical indications
for Iodine is to us a difficult one.  For example, as
regards the respiratory surface, Ave meet within the
range  of its salutary influence the dry, congesti\re
catarrh, profuse bronchorrhoea and catarrhal pneu-
monia, with all the intermediary morbid conditions.
 Still one link exists which binds all these so contra-
dictory symptoms together,  and  this is irritation.
Torpidity and atony of the  ventilating apparatus
does not lie within its range.  Iodine has, in common
 with Cod-liver Oil, the property of being exquisitely
adapted to delicate constitutions, Avith quick pulse,
tendency to  bronchial and  pulmonary congestion
 and haemorrhage.  For the same reason it is also an
excellent remedy for  over-grown lads,  with weak
chest and dry cough, subject to spitting of blood  and
cardiac palpitation.  The cough is always more or
less severe, be the expectoration scanty or copious;
fine or coarse rattles and sibilant ronchi give way to
its influence.  Swelling of the cervical and bronchial
glands, nocturnal  sweats, great weakness and pro-
gressive emaciation,  notwithstanding a good appe- 
REMEDIES.
171
tite and boAvels, are confirmative indications for the
exhibition of Iodine."
   Dr. Baehr says: "Iodine is undoubtedly one of the
most important remedies in confirmed phthisis; it
only suits,  hoAvever,  after the  expectoration  has
become purulent.  This  remedy  effects more  fre-
quently than any other curative results, provided we
do not obstinately insist  upon giving only  small
doses.  Iodine 6x sometimes has a good effect, but
Iodine lx is often indispensable; nor need any un-
pleasant effects be apprehended from the use of large
doses.   Iodine  is more  particularly  indicated  if
tuberculosis is the result of scrofulosis in the case of
young and robust individuals; if diarrhoea is present,
Iodine does not act favorably.  Chronic catarrh of
scrofulous and  mercurialized individuals, or remain-
ing after croup or other acute affections, or compli-
cated with chronic pharyngeal catarrh, are affections
lying within the range of Iodine. The most prominent-
symptomatic indications are the following:  Disposi-
tion to take cold, Avith long duration of the acute
stage; the  larynx  is  painful when  pressed  upon;
burning, sore pains in  the larynx  confined  to a
definite spot, felt especially during cough; embar-
rassed respiration;  Avheezing  inspirations, causing
real attacks of  dyspnoea, especially at night; a good
deal of  haAvking,  Avith  difficulty in  bringing up
tenacious mucus; a high degree of hoarseness, e\ren
aphonia;  tickling in the larynx, frequently causing
paroxysms of cough AA'ithout expectoration, or else
with scanty expectoration of a tenacious mucus, some-
times mixed Avith streaks of blood.  The general or-
ganism is A^ery much  affected by the disease.  The
presence of ulcers points particularly to Iodine."
   Dr.  Hughes says: "Its true action is one of a de- 
172        CONSUMPTION and liquids.

pressant character, exerted upon the lacteal vessels
and mesenteric glands, giving a sluggish taking up
of the fatty elements of the food by the lacteals, and
an  insufficient elaboration  of their contents by the
mesenteric glands; and we have at once  a most
important channel of nutrition choked  up and ren-
dered useless.  The fatty aliments being those taken
up by the lacteals, the emaciation becomes more rap-
idly apparent than if it had been the albuminous
constituents of the diet Avhose supply was cut  off.
The action on the glands  and  the  emaciation  of
Iodine is thus a prominent symptom.  It has a spe-
cific action on the salivary glands, the liver,  the
glands of the generative  system and the thyroid.
Upon the glands of the generative system it exerts a
depressing and  atonizing  influence.  The mammae
and testes have more than once wasted aAvay and dis-
appeared under its use;  and a diminution of the
functional energy  of the ovaries makes it probable
that these are similarly affected.  The most marked
effects of Iodine are:  Over-excitement of the Avhole
nervous system;  ebullition of the blood and pulsa-
tions over the Avhole body, greatly increased by every
effort; trembling, tottering  gait;  great debility,
atrophy ;  extreme emaciation; general (edema; pulse
accelerated, hard and small; hectic fever; variable
appetite, either excessive or absent;  digestion very
feeble; dyspnoea; suffocation; out of breath on going
up stairs, with violent palpitations and cramp-like
pains about the heart on the least effort."
   Dose.—First three decimal attenuations.
  Aggravation.—By exertion; in a warm room, and
from Avrapping up warm generally.
  Amelioration.—From cold air and after sleep. 
REMEDIES.
173
  Ipecacuanha. — Con-
stant great and long con-
tinued nausea; vomiting
gives no relief, the nausea
still remaining.  Haemor-
rhages from  all the ori-
fices of the body, accom-
panied  by nausea.  Se-
vere, suffocative cough,
the  chest seems full of
mucus, but does not yield
to coughing; asthmatic
cough with excessive mu-
cous rattling  in the lungs;
loss of breath  when
coughing with great pale-
ness of the face. Inces-
sant sneezing with large
secretion  of  mucus  in
the nostrils.
are present.  The
      The cough of Ipecac has not
    an organic base, but is of  a
    simple catarrhal origin, mixed
    up Avith a neurotic element.  It
    is a  loose,  spasmodic cough,
    Avith spasm  of the  bronchial
    tubes, and  they  are loaded
          mucus.   Dr.  Hirschel
          "Catarrhal,  or  spas-
           titillating cough,  or
    suffocating cough, Avith dysp-
    noea,  nausea,  vomiturition,
    especially  at the end of the
    paroxysm, or Avith expectora-
    tion of a scanty, albuminous,
    nauseous  mucus;  or if  mu-
    cous rales and vomiting of food
inclination to vomit and the ab-
Avith
says:
modic
 sence of every inflammatory irritation, and the ten-
 dency to resolution are indications for this remedy.
 Gastric catarrh,  bronchial asthma, more in bron-
 chial  than  in laryngeal affections.   In  Avhooping
 cough  only toAvards the end.  It has special rela-
 tions to the vagus, and suits all Avomen  and chil-
 dren."
   Dr.  Xichol  says:  "Ipecac  is  one of the principal
 remedies for bronchial catarrhs of infancy and child-
 hood ; in action it closely resembles Tart. em.  It is
 almost indispensable in those peculiar attacks, partly
 neurosis,  partly phlogosis—a  kind of mixture  of
 asthma and bronchitis—which frequently occur  in
young  children, and which  are so fatal in the old
school.  It is indicated by loud and sonorous mucous
rales in the chest, with Avheezing respiration.  There
is  great dyspnoea, coming on in paroxysms in the 
174        CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.

evening, continuing Avith slight remissions during the
night, and  intermitting distinctly through  the day.
The cough is convulsive and  suffocative, relief par-
tially from vomiting. During the vomiting the face
assumes a bluish hue, and  bleeding from the nostrils
may take place.  A slight degree  of spasm of the
glottis is not unfrequent, and there maybe convulsive
tAvitches  or even  spasmodic rigidity of the  body of
the child.  Sometimes, in spite of the  mucous  rales,
the cough is dry; though, as Baehr  remarks, this is
certainly not according to its physiological symp-
toms."  If, instead of the usual tenacious and scanty
mucus, a large quantity of simple catarrhal mucus
accumulates, so that the cough is preceded and accom-
panied by loud rales, and e\ery paroxysm of*cough
is attended with vomiting, excited by the least  quan-
tity of food: Ipecac is the certain remedy.  In recent
cases of asthma,  especially in the young, to arrest
the paroxysm Ipecac is equal to any remedy we have,
Avhere Ave have spasmodic constriction of  the air
passages and  the bronchial  tubes  are loaded Avith
mucus, there is  much nausea,  the  face is pale and
cold, and covered with SAveat.
   For acute haemorrhages from the lungs, no remedy
is  more frequently  indicated; the great key for its
selection being great and long continued  nausea,
with spasmodic suffocative cough; much  rattling of
mucus  and blood in the bronchi.  Blood very dark,
and mixed  with mucus.  Constant taste of blood in
the mouth.  If there is organic heart disease, Digita-
lis will take its place.
   Dose. —The first three decimal triturations  of the
root.
   Aggravation. —At night;  by exertion,  and in
warm air. 
REMEDIES.
175
   Amelioration.—By rest, and closing the eyes and
mouth.

                        For sub-acute and chronic
                      tedious cases of cough, where
                      the   large  bronchi, trachea,
                      larynx and fauces are involved.
                      The  cough seems loose  and
                      Avhat is expectorated is very
                      sticky  and  ropy,  can  be
                      draAvn  out into long strings.
                      Dr.  Meyhoffer says: "Inhala-
                      tions, and the internal use  of
                      Kali hi.  form  our  standard
                      course of treatment in those
                      numerous  cases of common
                      bronchitis vacillating betAveen
                      the  acute and the  torpid, in-
veterate character of the  disease.  A certain  degree
of  irritation,  vascular congestion, and  moderate
muco-purulent expectoration marks the morbid state
ready to give way to the specific working of this salt.
Inhalations, however, do good service in bronchial
dilatation, with foetid breath and expectoration. The
sputa soon  undergo  a favorable change of aspect,
while they lose at the  same time their offensiA'e odor
and diminish in quantity.  If the catarrh be attend-
ed  by periosteal  or rheumatic pains of  a  chronic
nature, all hesitation as to the selection of the medi-
cine must subside.  Dr.  Hirschel says: " Its  charac-
teristic symptom is a smooth or follicular inflamma-
tory redness of the pharynx and fauces, with its dry,
titillating cough and ulcerative pain in the larynx; it
suits tedious cases."   Dr. Lilienthal says:  "It suits
best fat, chubby children. Onset gradual and insidious;
  Kali  Bichromi-
cum.—Cough,with expec-
toration of tough, stringy
mucus; adapted to the
second stage where the
mucus appears  to  be
loose, but it sticks to the
parts very tenaciously,
and can be drawn out in
long strings.   Chronic
catarrh affecting  nose,
fauces and larynx; parts
smooth and red.  Fleshy
people, with light hair
and eyes.  More useful in
catarrhal diseases of the
air passages than  in
genuine phthisis. 
176         CONSUMPTION  AND LIQUIDS.
constant hoarse voice; cough at intervals, hoarse,
dry, barking, metallic; deglutition painful; tonsils and
larynx red, swollen, covered  with false  membrane,
difficult to  detach,  Avith expectoration  of tough,
stringy mucus."  Dr.  Guernsey  says:  "Kali bi.
Cough Avith expectoration of  tough, stringy mucus;
it sticks in the throat, causing  a choking sensation,
sticks to the tongue, teeth and lips, and in attempt-
ing to remove it from these  parts  it Avill be  draAvn
out into long strings."  For  chronic  hoarseness in
laryngitis,  it  is one  of  our most useful remedies.
Coughs up casts  of elastic fibrinous  nature;  loud
mucus rales;  Avheezing,  rattling  respiration  when
asleep.
   Dose.—First six triturations.
   Aggravation.—In the morning; after eating and
from cold.
   Amelioration.—In the evening and from heat.
  Kali Carbonicum.—
Cough brought on from
cold, damp weather.
Cough  very violent,
mostly dry, commencing
at 3 a.m. Severe stitching
pain is the most charac-
teristic symptom of this
remedy. Chronic, organic
coughs.  Lower portion
of right lung.
                        In emaciation and debility,
                     with a disposition to tubercu-
                     losis.  Where there is  a  dry
                     cough, invariably aggravated,
                     about  3 a. m. ;  hectic fever
                     and night SAveats, Avith many
                     stitching,  darting,  shooting,
                     cutting pains,  this  remedy is
                     invaluable.   It seems to  act
on the system so as to produce dryness  of the serous
membranes, Avhieh gives rise to the stitching pains.
the great leading characteristic of the remedy.  Sup-
puration of  the lungs, AArith  great emaciation  and
debility, accompanied by profuse night sweats, affect-
ing especially the head and chest.  ExcessiA^e dryness
of the scalp, with falling  off of the hair.  Great lia- 
REMEDIES.
177
bility to take  cold at every change of the Aveather;
great irritability Avith much anxiety, fever and tend-
ency to start  from the least noise.  Rheumatic sub-
jects Avhose mucous membranes are very dry and ir-
ritable, Avith a dry, racking cough, associated  Avith
stitching pains in the chest in  cold, damp weather.
The breathing becomes difficult and labored after the
frequent paroxysms of dry coughing;  cough Avhen
first waking, Avithout expectoration.  Stitching pains
that come on  during  rest, with extreme tympanitis.
   Dose—First up to the thirtieth;  first three being
most useful.
   Aggravation.—At night, especially after midnight,
by all kinds of motion, and especially in damp, cold
air.
   Amelioration.—By Avarm, dry air and rest.
  Kali Hydriodicum.
—Especially  useful in
scrofulous or s y p h i 1 i t i c
people,  who have been
thoroughly saturated
with Mercury. Secondary
and  tertiary syphilis,
where the patient suffers
much from chronic rheu-
matism.  Mucous mem-
branes of the mouth, air
passages  and kidneys
chronically inflamed. Fe-
tid odor from  the nose
and mouth, from chronic
catarrh and ulceration of
those passages.  Chronic
nasal catarrh in its worst
form; ptyalism.  Degen-
eration  of  the mucous
membranes.  Mucous
phthisis,  with  purulent
      12
   The action of this remedy
is  very similar  to Iodine, es-
pecially in scrofulous glandu-
lar SAvellings, and goitre;  but
differs in many points.   Dr.
Meyhoffer  says:  "The loAver
dilutions,  1st  and 2d,  from
four to eight drops at a  dose,
form one of our standard pre-
scriptions, Avhenever no special
symptoms indicate the use of
another  drug.   In glandular
SAvellings it cannot be omitted.
Dry,  irritating cough,  Avith
scanty,  frothy, rather  than
mucous  expectoration,  or
none at  all; obstinate  tick-
lino;  and irritation in the tra- 
178
CONSUMPTION  AND LIQUIDS.
expectoration, associated
with exhausting night-
sweats. Asthma in young
people that are growing
rapidly, associated with
rheumatism.  All forms of
scrofula, with enlarged
glands; severe nightly
b o n e-p ains.  Profuse
purulent mucous secre-
tions, very sensitive to
the least cold, damp air.
chea;  prolonged  expiration
with sensation of tightness in
the  chest."    Dr.  Hitchman
says: "Kali hy. is beneficial,
indeed often of great service in
                      those cases where there exists
                      a considerable degree of irrita-
                      tion  in the  bronchial tubes,
                      especially the larger channels,
                      Avith hollow, dry cough,  day
and  night,  but Avorse toAvards  evening;  or cough
Avith scanty, viscid, ropy expectoration;  heat in the
chest;   burning,  tickling irritation in the laynyx;
quick,  anxious, laborious respiration, Avitli  hoarse-
ness ; abdominal pains, slight, but at the same time
most insiduous, dangerous  and fatal in their  ulti-
mate  results.   They are  augmented by pressure;
fullness and tension of the belly, particularly a deep-
seated  tightness,  as if the integument and  muscles
were gilded  over; too tightly stretched, and thick-
ened peritoneum or serous membrane; coughing and
deep breathing are painful, with fe\~er and  emacia-
tion."   This is one of the best remedies Ave have for
phthisis associated with asthma, but  to  get  its best
effect, it has to be gi\Ten in large  doses, of from  one
to five grain doses of the crude  drug.   Some cases
the first dec. will be strong enough.   Symptoms are:
severe  coryza; nose red  and SAvollen. Avith profuse,
watery nasal discharge;   constant  sneezing;  dry,
hard, barking  cough, afterwards accompanied by  a
copious, greenish expectoration; great oppression of
breathing, with loss of voice; suffocative oppression
and arrest of breathing;  the constriction of  the
chest is so great that the  lungs cannot be inflated by
the greatest effort of the  patient, and is aggravated 
REMEDIES.
179
by rest; patient must move about to get relief;  the
dyspnoea is so distressing the patient declares he will
die.  In chronic cases, there is often a large secretion
of mucus  in the  lungs, Avhieh,  Avhen  expectorated,
has a green appearance, from having been secreted
and remained in the lungs a long time. Auscultation
reveals an immense amount of  bronchial spasm, as
indicated by the  whistling, Avheezing noises all over
the chest;  has  sharp, violent stitches in the  chest,
associated Avith many rheumatic symptoms through-
out  the body generally, with emaciation and great
debility.   Adapted  to both the  dry  and  humid
asthma, but acts  best in the dry form.
   Dose.— First to the tenth, the first two being the
most useful.
   Aggravation.—In cold, damp weather,  and rest.
   Amelioration.—By motion,  and in warm,  dry
air.

                         In the  last stages of phthi-
                       sis, where Ave  have aphthous
                       sore mouth,  no  remedy can
                       equal this, if used as it should
                       be. My favorite  way of ad-
                       ministering  it, is to let the
                       patient put  a  small chrystal
                       of the Chlorate in the  mouth,
                       and suck  it until all  is  dis-
                       solved and  then swallowed.
                       If this is repeated  every one
                       or tAvo hours, the majority of
                       cases will be cured in from tAvo
                       to six days.
  Kali Chloricum.—
Hasaspecific action upon
the buccal mucous mem-
brane  and mucous folli-
cles of the mouth.   Folli-
cular ulcers upon  the in-
side of the cheeks and
tongue.  Aphthous ulcers
cover the whole mucous
surface of  the mouth;
mouth filled constantly
with  saliva; glands en-
larged and sore; gums in-
flamed and  bleed much;
burning, stinging blisters
on the tongue and buccal
cavity, with great heat in
the  mouth. Syphilitic
subjects. 
180         CONSUMPTION  AND  LIQUIDS.
  Kreosotum.— Putrid
diseases, with great acid-
ity of the secretions. Dis-
position sad and  irrita-
ble.  Paroxysmal  moist
cough, the lungs being
loaded with mucus, ex-
pectorated with  great
difficulty; patient has to
cough a long time. Foetid
sweat of the feet, that are
often (Edematous.  Com-
plexion' livid.  Tall, slim
people.  In women, the
menses are too frequent,
too profuse and last too
long.
                        In organic affections  of the
                     mucous   membrane  of the
                     bronchi, this is a remedy of
                     great  \Talue.   Its symptoms
                     greatly resemble those of Pul-
                     satilla, the distinction  being
                     this:  the cases  adapted  to
                     Kreosote  are  more deeply
                     seated, have  lasted longer,
                     and in the case  of Avomen the
                     menses are too  often, too pro-
                     fuse, and  last  too  long;
                     whereas,  in  Pulsatilla, the
                     menses are apt to be delayed
and  scanty.  Kreosote  is adapted to  coughs that
have passed from the dry, first stage, and the sec-
ond  stage  has fully set in; the  cough sounds very
loose, the  upper bronchi  being loaded Avith mucus
but expectoration is very difficult.  The cough has
much of the nervous element about it, which makes
it paroxysmal in character.  Marcy and Hunt say:
"Constant spasmodic,  violent  cough, accompanied
by violent retching;  the expectoration copious, mu-
cous  and  purulent; the  patient  cannot  lie doAvn
Avithout great distress;  stitching pains in the chest;
bitter taste in the mouth; cadaverous breath; fre-
quent greenish, Avatery diarrhoea; hectic fever; copious
secretion of the mucous membranes, and abscesses of
the lungs, Avhieh are excessively offensive in character,
accompanied with depression of nervous poAver.  In
these conditions," says Dr. Kurtz, " Kreosote is much
more effectual than  Arsenic, which is usually pre-
scribed."  Cough with pain in the chest and sternum
compelling the patient to press  the hand  on it; fre-
quent desire to  take a long  breath from oppression 
remedies.
181
of the chest; shortness  of breath, with sensation of
heaviness on the chest; stitches in the chest, above
and  in  the region of the heart, Avith oppression of
breathing in the  right side, extending  under  the
shoulder blade, arresting the breathing.   The chest
feels bruised, especially  the sternum.  Patient Avants
to sleep all the time, and is extremely irritable.
   Kreosote in  Phthisis.—Since its introduction by
Bouchard, in  1877, Kreosote has steadily groAvn in
favor.  By its use it is claimed that there  is  diminu-
tion of  cough and expectoration, reduction of fever,
increase of appetite and of Aveight, and clearing up of
consolidations.  The dose is  six or seven drops daily,
though this may be increased Avith benefit.    The
treatment should extend over several months.
   Dr. Rosenbusch, of Lemburg, prefers the injection
of Kreosote into the tissues of the lung. About eight
drops of a three per cent, solution of Kreosote in al-
mond oil Avere injected in each of tAvo spots by means
of a Pravaz syringe Avith a needle 6 to 8 centimeters
in length, using strict antiseptic  precautions.  No
haemorrhage  folloAved.— Whittaker,  Annual of  Uni-
versal Medical Sciences, 1889.
   Dose.— First to the thirtieth;  first three  most
useful.
   Aggravation.— Open  air, morning and evening;
by motion and eating cold food.
   Amelioration.—From Avarm air.

                        In the first stages of phthi-
                     sis, especially in Avomen at the
                     climacteric, this remedy is fre-
                     quently suitable.    Through
                     the vagi it has a powerful ac-
                     tion upon the lungs, and when
  Lacnesis. — l n r o a t
exceedingly sensitive, can-
not bear the least touch
of the finger. AA'hen any-
thing touches thelarnyx,
it is not only sensitive,
but feels as though he
would suffocate: touching 
182          CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
                      the  cough, or  asthma takes
                      on  a neurotic or  spasmodic
                      action, Lachesis will often be
                      found invaluable.  Dr. Guern-
                      sey says: " Cough,  excited by
                      pressing, even lightly,  upon
                      the  larynx, clothing  must be
                      removed from about the parts,
                      its pressure excites the cough;
                      cough as soon as one falls into
                      a sound sleep, often with chok-
                      ing, as if suffocation were in-
                      evitable.  Cough  excited  by  a
                      sensation as  if  a crumb of.
                      bread  Avere sticking  in  the
                      throat,  or  some  other  sub-
                      stance, with frequent haAvking
                    Dr. Holcomb says:  "Lachesis
acts beautifully for tickling, worrying night cough,
Avith sensation of a lump in the throat, sensitiveness
of the larynx, and especially when after a long, dry
paroxysm there is suddenly a profuse expectoration
of frothy  mucus."  Dr. Meyhoffer says: "Lachesis
and  Naja  ahvays contribute to allay the harassing
cough, secondary either to neiwous palpitation or or-
ganic alterations of the heart.  Deficient nervous in-
fluence of the par v a gum, dilitation  and fatty degen-
eration of the heart  constitute the sphere in Avhieh
these poisons display their  restorative  influence."
Dr. T.  Nichol  says:  "Lachesis—the Belladonna of
chronic diseases—is suitable to children suffering  from
hydrothorax, or where there is a largely bloated or
lymphatic  appearance; shortness  of breath after  a
meal;  tight breathing, dyspnoea  and  oppression of
breathing,  Avith aggravation after eating; suffocate
the throat causes a dry,
hacking cough; dry spas-
modic  cough,  worse
nights, with a choking
sensation in the throat;
empty swallowing is per-
fectly agonizing.  All
symptoms greatly aggra-
vated after sleep; patient
is very unhappy and dis-
tressed  after sleep.
Women have frequent
hot flashes,  especially  at
the climacteric;  cannot
bear  any pressure, not
even the  clothes, on the
uterine region or  upon
the neck; keep constantly
lifting the clothes from
the abdomen and throat.

and  sAvallowing." 
REMEDIES.
183
feeling in a recumbent position, or Avhen touching the
neck.  Spasmodic constriction of the chest, obliging
the patient to rise from bed and to sit Avith the trunk
bent forward; sIoav and Avheezing breathing; desire
to take a deep breath, especially when sitting."
   Dose.— Thirtieth attenuation.
   Aggravation.—After every sleep; at night; touch-
ing the throat or larynx, and in cold, damp Aveather.
   Amelioration.—While  eating, and from warmth.
                         This is one of the most fre-
                      quently indicated remedies Ave
                      have in  phthisis,  and  no
  Lycopodi urn.—
Great  quantities  of red
sand in the urine.   Much
pain in the back previous
to urinating, relieved by
urination.  Excessive ac-
cumulation of flatulence
in the stomach and bow-
els.  Constant sensation
of satiety, the least morsel
of food fills him up to the
mouth; much borboryg-
mus, especially in the left
h ypoc hondrium;
constant sensation in the
abdomen  like a  pot of
yeast working; obstinate
constipation.  Great dis-
position  to take cold at
every change of the
weather, with cold, clam-
my  night sweats, mostly
on the chest and  head.
Loose, rattling cough,
with great difficulty in
breathing during  the pe-
riod of coughing. Fan-
like  motion of the alae
nasi, in diseases  of the
lungs;  humid asthma,
with much debility.
remedy  can be given with
more confidence as to its cura-
tive effects. In action it greatly
resembles  Pulsatilla,  Hepar
and Kreosote.  The cough is
loose, rattling, but expectora-
tion is not easy; sounds very
loose, but remains in the lungs
very  tenaciously.  The  sputa
is  thick,  yelloAv, or greenish.
Dr. Meyhoffer says: "A long
time was necessary to conquer
my repugnance to the use of
Lycopodium, excited by  the
exaggerated laudations  of its
medicinal  virtues Avhieh I had
been condemned to listen  to;
noAv I have, on the other hand,
to  guard  against  falling into
the  same error  myself.  The
fact is,  since I learned to  ap-
preciate its efficacy in chronic
pneumonia,  I have not  failed 
184         CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
     •
to observe also its vitalizing influence in those forms
of bronchitis characterized by copious muco-serous,
or  muco-purulent  secretion.  These  morbid phe-
nomena being habitually the result of more or less
serious alterations, it folloAvs that Lycopodium acts
favorably in emphysema, dilitation of the air-tubes
and senile catarrh.  Constant tickling cough, Avorse
at night,  numerous loud mucous rattles, Avith rare
and  scanty sputa,  are  symptoms lying especially
Avithin the range of its action.  But the varieties of
bronchitis  above mentioned are often  attended  or
complicated by the phenomena of abdominal vas-
cular obstruction and atony of the alimentary canal,
or by those of the  acid diathesis.  The  signs Avhieh
arise  in such  circumstances,  as congestion of  the
liver,  flatulency, obstinate  constipation, cachectic
complexion, red gravel in the urine, and lithic acid
dyspeptia are all indications for this drug.  Loav di-
lutions  are not  ineffectual, but higher  ones Avork
better."  Dr. Baehr says: "It is suitable for old peo-
ple, if emphysema and marked changes in the bron-
chial mucous membrane have taken place; there is
constant  tickling in  the throat,  loud   rales Avith
scanty,  or unfrequent expectoration, of a gray and
saltish taste; nightly exacerbations.  Usually, Lyco-
podium is indicated in moist mucous, or muco-puru-
lent coughs, but it has acted Avell in  some cases of dry
cough."
   Dr. Hitchman says:  "Lycopodium Avill almost in-
variably  afford  signal  relief Avhen there is fluent
coryza Avith cough and hoarseness; stuffing of  the
nostrils;  formication or ant-like  crawling  in  the
Avind-pipe at night; dry cough in the morning; cough
after drinking; cough Avhieh affects  the chest; a loose
cough with spitting  of purulent matter, like con- 
REMEDIES.
185
firmed consumption;  short  breathing of  children;
constant oppression Avith  suffocation on doing the
least Avork; painful stitches in the left part of the
chest, Avith bruised feeling; beating of the heart in
bed;  herpetic spots on the neck and chest; pain in
the loins in bed;  stitches in the back after stooping;
dragging in the shoulder blades; stiffness of the nape
of the neck;  boring pains  in the arms; twitching in
the arms during sleep; dry skin, and the patient com-
plains of havinglost all strength in the arms and hav-
ing cold feet: moreover when the cough is troublesome
and  materially worse at night, and  attended Avith
thirst, quickness of pulse, subsequent tendency to
moist skin, expectoration grayish, saltish or yellowish,
Avith oppression about the bronchial tubes, this medi-
cine is strikingly indicated."  Dr. Pope says: "FeAV
medicines are so valuable  in pulmonary phthisis as
this, Avhen persistently used.  The cough, gastric irri-
tation, exhaustion  and intercurrent attacks of pleu-
risy are Avonderfully mitigated by it." Expectoration
of large quantities of pus;  cough day and night; hec-
tic fever;  circumscribed redness of the cheeks; great
emaciation of the upper part of the  body, while the
lower is  enormously distended.  C. Pearson, M. D.,
says: "Where  the  right side is more affected, the
cough loose,  full  and deep, sounding as though  the
entire parenchyma were softened, the patient raising
a whole mouthful of mucus at a time, Avhieh in color
is a light rust, not much unlike that of Bryonia, but
not so thick, more stringy  and easily separated, and
if, in addition, there should  be present fan-like motion
of the alae nasi, the 200th is certain to giA7e relief."
   In prescribing Lycopodium, its  action on the di-
gestive organs, liver and urinary organs should never
be lost sight of.  The  digestiA'e symptoms,  such as 
186
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
flatulence and constipation, together Avith the red
sand (lithic acid) in the urine, are ahvays the great
key-note for the administration of this remedy.
   In emaciation and debility,  where Lycopodium is
indicated, there will ahvays be found many dyspeptic
symptoms present, with an immense accumulation of
gas in the stomach and boAvels; the stomach is acid,
and the least morsel of food seems to fill the patient
full up  to the throat.  For Humid asthma of long
standing, Avhere the digestion is greatly perverted,
Avith excessive accumulation of gas, which might well
be called  flatulent asthma, relieved bAr eructations of
gas, Lycopodium will be found a sovereign remedy.
   Dose.—15th, 30th and 200th; the 30th being the
most useful.
   Aggravation.—4 p. m.; exertion; lying cloAvn, and
cold, high Avinds.
   Amelioration.—Continued   motion;  forenoons;
and from Avarm food and drink.
  Mercurius Solu-
bilis.—Symptoms all
greatly aggravated at
night, and in cold, damp
weather.  Spongy gums
that bleed easily; saliva-
tion; thick yellow-coated
tohgue, or red like fire
with very foetid  breath,
aphthae of the mouth and
fauces. Enlarged salivary
glands.  Great  thirst.
Much perspiration that
does not relieve. Jaun-
dice.  Watery, serous
diarrhoea, or  muco-san-
guinolent stools.  High-
colored  urine. Hectic
fever, with dry cough;
   In phthisis, after the pri-
mary stage has been  nearly
subdued by Aconite, Bella-
donna or Bryonia.  The cough
is  dry and  just  passing into
the moist stage, and is greatly
aggravated  at  night.   In
chronic cases, Avhere the bron-
chial tubes are involved, and
there is a copious secretion of
mucus  or  muco-purulent
sputa, Avith  exhaustive night
sweats.   Dr. Hirschel  says:
"Hoav  the  Allopaths,  and
more  particularly  their  pa- 
REMEDIES.
187
roughness and burning
down the sternum, show-
ing that the mucous
membrane is inflamed.
Ropy sputum.  Chronic
nasal catarrh; in scrofu-
lous people, with indura-
tion of the glandular sys-
tem.
                     tients, are to be  pitied that
                     their school  should  lack  a
                     knoAvledge of Mercurius solu-
                     bilis  as  a  cough remedy!
                     Where is there a more  certain,
                     a  more  specifically  acting
                     remedy  for  the   appropriate
                     kinds of cough of  a catarrhal,
inflammatory,  organic nature,  running  from the
fauces through the trachea, and down to  the finest
.bronchi;  decisive in  acute affections, ameliorating
in the chronic; slime-loosening, resolvent, restora-
tive?  Where there are roughness, burning, feeling of
soreness,  from  the fauces  down  to the sternum,
hoarseness  of voice, dry cough, raw, concussive, ex-
haustive,  naturally  exacerbated;  sputum  ropy,
waterv, spittle-like, nasty, bloody; catarrhal head-
ache;  coryza; diarrhoea;  fever;  non-ameliorating
night sweats;—here is the real province of Mercury.
Its place'is someAvhere after Aconite, before  Bryonia
or Pulsatilla or Hepar or  Tart, em.; also ushering
in the turning point, critically intervening, so  that
the last mentioned may finish the affair.   Mercury is
a  sovereign remedy for inflammatory  bronchial
catarrh."  Dr. T.  Xichol says: "Mercurius sol.  is
an excellent remedy for  capillary bronchitis.   The
cough is drv. racking and  violent, especially in the
evening,  until  midnight, excited   by a tickling or
sensation of dryness in the chest, with expectoration
of  yellowish,  tenacious  mucus,  sometimes tinged
with blood. Each paroxysm of cough is preceded by
 anxious  oppression,  with  hoarseness  and  caryza;
 violent fever, with a  disposition to perspire, which
 gives no relief;  the tongue is  thickly coated, and
 the alternate  chills  and  heat are succeeded by ex- 
 188         CONSUMPTION AND  LIQUIDS.

 hausting SAveats.  This remedy acts best in repeated
 doses of the fourth and fifth trituration, dry on the
 tongue.  In chronic bronchitis, paroxysms of cough
 at  night, Avith coldness  during the  paroxysms and
 distress for breath;  there is a good deal of yelloAV
 mu co-purulent expectoration, or there is raising of
 s\Areetish or saltish mucus and blood;  soreness and
 ulcerative pain in the air  passages, especially during
 the cough, and the cough may give rise to nausea
 and vomiting."  One of the most prominent indica-
 tions for this remedy  is  a  constant alternation  of
 chills and fever; the fever is often very high, Avith a
 remarkable sensitiveness to the most trifling changes
 of temperature;  thick, yelloAV-coated tongue, Avith
 diarrhoea, and  a great longing  for icy cold drinks,
 although the}7 aggravate the cough.  In pneumonia,
 Dr. Muller  says:  "The hepatization of a  portion  of
 lung continues, and  the critical sputa are entirely
 wanting;  the  cough  is  dry; not  frequent;  very
 rough and fatiguing, with violent irritation  and urg-
 ing to cough; the dyspnoea remains unaltered, the
 fever is continuous and lentescent, Avith profuse and
 exhausting sweats;  the  urine is  scanty and high
 colored;  jaundiced  skin;  there is gastro-intestinal
 catarrh, and the patient has a. scrofulous or dyscrasic
 organism."  Dr. Baehr  says:  "The selection  of
Mercury  in broncho-pneumonia may be justified by
 its  admirable action in bronchitis, for it cannot be
 denied that the greatest  danger proceeds from this
 quarter, and that, after the removal of the bronchial
 symptoms, the remaining pneumonia is compara-
tively  insignificant.   A third  form of  pneumonia,
 Avhieh is particularly adapted to Mercury, is the ca-
tarrhal form, or  lobular  pneumonia, which has an
entirely different meaning  from the former.  As soon 
REMEDIES.
189
as Ave have reason, in a case of bronchitis, to  suspect
the formation  of small foci  of exudation, Mercury
will first commend itself to our judgment as a reme-
dial agent, and Ave shall haA'e before our  eyes an im-
age of epidemic influenza.   In tubercular pneumonia
Ave have never noticed any good effects from Mercury.
In phthisis caused by syphilis, Hartmann says he has
cured several cases by it perfectly.  I commenced the
treatment  Avith  several  doses  of  Mercurius  sol.
when syphilitic ulcers were still  Aisible in the  throat,
extending  deep  doAvn, involving the  larynx,  occa-
sioning hoarseness and that ominous cough Avith irri-
tation, together Avith the burning and tickling in the
region of  the larynx.  The red precipitate often does
better than  the  solubilis.    And if they have been
poisoned Avith  Mercury, giA*e Nitric  acid."  In the
last  stages of tuberculosis,  with  ulceration of the
lungs, accompanied With aphthous ulceration of the
mucous membrane  of  the  mouth  and intestinal
tract, Mercury will be found of great service.  The
Mercurius  solubilis  acts  best  on women and chil-
dren, and the corrosivus upon  men.   In deep-seated
organic cases of asthma, associated with bronchitis,
and  great  discharge of mucus  from the  lungs, Mer-
cury Avill often do good service.
   Dose.— From  the second to  the  thirtieth; the
third decimal trituration being the most useful.
   Ago ravation.— Evening and particularly at night,
from heat  in bed;  in cold, damp air; Avet weather;
during perspiration, and from motion.
   Amelioration.— From  rest; during the day and
work.
  Mercurius Proto-
iodatus.—Where sec-
ondary syphilis is at the
   Iii  phthisis,  where the pa-
tient  has had syphilis, or the 
190
CONSiMPTION  AND LIQUIDS.
foundation, with chronic
nasal and pharyngeal ca-
tarrh. Enlarged and in-
durated glands, especially
the parotid and inguinal.
The tonsils and buccal
gl ands are greatly en-
larged, inflamed and very
painful, with constant
flow of tough, ropy mu-
cus.  The mucous mem-
branes raw,  the epithe-
lium  being  entirely de-
stroyed;  complete de-
struction of  the respira-
tory  mucous membrane,
with  loose, rattling
cough, and copious muco-
purulent expectoration.
                      subject is very scrofulous, and
                      is a  constant sufferer  of ca-
                      tarrh,  this  is  a  remedy  of
                      great A-alue.  The cough is in-
                      clined to be loose, the bron-
                      chial mucous membrane seems
                      to be undergoing complete so-
                      lution on account of the great
                      secretion of mucus.   The mu-
                      cous membrane of  the  nose
                      and  pharynx is greatly  con-
                      gested  and  sAvollen,  especially
                      that of  the  nose;  in many
                      cases   it   is  impossible  to
                      breathe through it; the breath
                      is extremely foetid.  In chronic
tubercular sore throat and  laryngitis, the fauces and
epiglottis have a deep, livid purplish hue;  the secre-
tions are thin and  acrid, frequently Avith  ptyalism,
and the breath is extremely foetid.  There  is a  vast
amount of mucus in the nose,  much of Avhieh descends
through the posterior nares into the throat.  The
cough is  very loose, and expectoration  quite  easy.
Bowels inclined to be loose; dark  red urine, and the
tongue is coated thickly yellow.
   Dr. Meyhoffer says: "Iodide  of Mercury corre-
sponds more  particularly to  subacute  processes
arising from the influence of cold or atmospheric A'a-
riations;    protracted  cases,   after   Belladonna,
when the parts are  much swollen, dark colored, Avith
much  hawking, coughing, and viscid  muco-purulent
expectoration, particularly in the morning. In fol-
licular laryngitis, it has been highly commended in
the more acute forms, from the 1st to the 3d tritura-
tion. 
REMEDIES.
191
  Dose.— The first three decimal triturations.
  Aggravation.—In a warm room, and at night.
  Amelioration—In cool air, and active exercise.

  Millefolium.-Active I    This remedy has a special
or passive haemoptysis.  |  action upon the vascular cap-
illary circulation, controlling both active or passiA'e
pulmonary haemorrhage.  Hartmann says:  "In  al-
most every variety of haemorrhage, and especially
pulmonary, Millefolium is a splendid and indispensa-
ble remedy, more especially in the fleshy and robust;
the spitting of blood  is unattended with cough, or
the cough is very slight and is caused by the newly
accumulating blood;  at the same time there is bub-
bling up  in the chest, with  a  sensation as  if Avarm
blood Avere ascending in  the  throat,  gradually in-
creasing  in  intensity until  blood is raised."   Spit-
ting of blood, Avith violent palpitation of the heart;
much excitement, accompanied  with  a feeling of
great oppression of the chest.   Active haemorrhages
from deep ulcerations in the  lungs.
   Dose.—Tincture, one to five  drops every  half
hour.
   Aggravation.—Evening  and at night.
   Amelioration.—During the day.

                         In the last stages of con-
                      sumption,  Avith aphthous ul-
                      ceration of  the mouth  and
                      boAvels,  with watery diarrhoea
                      and  excessive  debility,  this
                      acid  is  of great value.  The
                      aphthous ulcers of the mouth
                      and throat  slough  and  tend
                      to run  together. Aphthae in
  Muriatic  Acid.—
Acts especially upon the
mouth and anus. Mouth
and tongue excessively
dry; tongue is heavy and
seems paralyzed. Breath
is excessively foul,  from
ulceration of the mouth;
salivary glands inflamed,
tender and swollen.  Diar- 
192          CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
rhoea.  The anus is so
tender it cannot be
touched.  Watery, pu-
trescent,  involuntary
stools. Putrescence of
all the fluids of the body.
Low fevers.  In women,
menses too soon and too
profuse, with great men-
tal  depression.  Great
sensitiveness to damp
weather.
the last stages of tuberculosis
denote great  debility, and are
often the harbinger of dissolu-
tion;  consequently Avhat  Ave
do  has to be done  at once.
These mineral acids  tone  up
the body so rapidly that often
life may be prolonged when it
Avould seem impossible.  They
should ahvays be used locally
as Avell as internally.
   Dose.— First three decimal dilutions.
   Aggravation.— Cold, damp  air; stormy A\7eather
and exertion.
   Amelioration.—Warmth; lying doAvn  and even-
ing.
  Nitric Acid.—Feel-
ing as if sharp sticks were
being stuck  into the af-
fected parts.  Diseases de-
pending upon some viru-
lent poison, such as syph-
ilitic, mercurial,  and
scrofulous miasms;  sec-
ondary syphilis, with mu-
cous patches, and tuber-
cles;  salivation from
abuse  of mercury.
Spreading ulcers in the
mouth and throat;
mouth full of foetid ulcers,
with  putrid  smelling
breath;  sore throat dis-
charging thin  purulent
matter;  diarrhoea,  with
great pain in the anus
as if it was Assured; pain-
ful, watery diarrhoea, of-
   Phthisis in old broken doAvn
constitutions  that  have had
syphilis, or are suffering from
the effects  of  Mercury:  pa-
tients are extremely weak, and
perspire profusely  at  night,
SAveat  smelling  like horse's
urine.   Dr.  Gorton  says:
"Nitric  acid  is an  invaluable
remedy in those dyscrasic con-
ditions in Avhieh the blood  is
impoverished  and  the  secre-
tions  foul, Avith  Aveakness  of
the Aital forces.  IhaA'eusedit
for foul-smelling perspiration
of the  hands  and  feet, with
gratifying results;  sometimes
the SAveat excoriates the toes. 
remedies.                  193
ten mixed with mucus and
blood. Proctalgia: urine
smells like horses' urine,
and is extremely offen-
sive.  In women, violent
pressure as if the womb
would be forced into the
world; bloody leucor-
rhoea. Colliquative night-
sweats, that are very of-
fensive, with great ema-
ciation and debility. Lean
people, with  bilious tem-
perament, who  take cold
easily. Symptoms worse
at night, especially after
midnight.
                      It must be given in large doses.
                      In the last stages of consump-
                      tion, nitric  acid may be indi-
                      cated  when   there  is  loose
                      cough, but, as a  rule, it is in-
                      clined  to  be  dry  Avhen  this
                      remedy is called for.  Dr.  Hir-
                      schel says:  "Nitric acid has
                      its sphere of action in chronic
                      inflammatory forms of cough;
                      in ulcerous or tuberculous pro-
                      cesses of the larynx and bron-
                      chi ; in pneumonia, Avhieh tends
                      toAvards phthisis; in cirrhosis
 of  the lungs ;  and especially in  chronic catarrhs
 combined Avith angina  pectoris, or diseases of the
 heart."   Dr.  Meyhoffer  says: "Nitric acid, Avhen
 there  is great  irritation, redness and ulceration  of
 the epiglottis and larynx, with difficult and painful
 deglutition, violent dry cough, and nocturnal per-
 spiration.  The inhalation of 5 or 10 drops of the
 first  dilution to  an ounce of Avater has mitigated
 rapidly the troublesome throat symptoms  in tuber-
 cular  laryngitis.  In   syphilitic  laryngitis,  Avith
 hoarseness, aphonia, ulceration of the buccal mucous
 membrane, complete obstruction of the nose, or foetid
 yelloAv discharge, with  nose  inflamed  and  swollen;
 coryza;  dry cough, etc.; for the above it isAvell-nigh
 a specific.  Dr. Holcomb says: " Nitric acid, 1st dec.
 dilution,  frequently succeeds Avith those obstinate
 dry coughs after  Atropine has failed. Nitric acid is
 an  admirable  remedy  to  eradicate the  asthmatic
 disposition in  patients  suffering  from   secondary
 syphilis  or from  the  poisonous effects  of  Mercury,
especially if they  are scrofulous subjects.
      13 
194
consumption and liquids.
   Dose.—First three decimal dilutions.
   AggraA'ATION.— In the night, and Avarm room.
   Amelioration.—In cold weather, and riding in a
carriage.
  Nux Vomica—Chol-
eric, sanguine, malicious,
irritable  people, who
make great mental exer-
tions. People that live
high, and take intoxicat-
ing liquors; suffer much
from dyspepsia, and are
greatly troubled with
sour stomach.  Constipa-
tion, with frequent urging
to stool.  Greatly troub-
led with haemorrhoids.
Dry, racking cough, with
great  soreness of  the
stomach.  Symptoms are
greatly aggravated at 3
A. M.
                        The  cough that is curable
                     with  nux vomica is of recent
                     origin, of a dry, scraping char-
                     acter, and not founded on an
                     organic  base, but of a simple
                     catarrhal nature, or of a re-
                     flex  character from the spine
                     or   digestive  organs.    Dr.
                     Hirschel says: "Nux vomica
                     has only a limited application
                     in cough, especially Avhere  the
                     pharynx  and fauces are af-
                     fected.  The cough is scraping,
                     rough,  with  irritation in the
                     throat,  or  under  the upper
sternal  parts, with difficult expectoration of tough
mucus on aAvakening from  sleep in  the  morning; re-
neAved or aggravated by vomiting  and eating.   Dry
coryza,  influenza or general simple catarrhs."
   Dr. T. Nichol says:  " Nux vomica is  decidedly the
leading   remedy when  the  innervation  of  both
branches of the pneumo-gastric nerve—its gastric
as Avell as its pulmonary portion—is alike vitiated,
and then the d3rspepsia and the asthmatic affections
are inseparable parts of  one whole.  Here, as  Dr.
Sutter  remarks, the  dyspeptic symptoms are  the
manifestations of the gastric portion of this deranged
innervation, and the asthma,  of the pulmonary por-
tion of it, and  in such cases Nux v. is at once sug-
gested.  Dr. Ruddock remarks, Nux is probably the 
REMEDIES.
195
best anti-spasmodic remedy to that condition of the
digestive system Avhieh is the most common cause of
irritation,  which results in bronchial  spasm.  Nux
vomica is about the best remedy Ave  have for simple
spasmodic asthma Avhere there is no bronchial lesion,
but a standing reflex excitability of the pneumogas-
tric  to impressions from Avithout  or  through  the
stomach.   One of the early cases Avhieh made Hahne-
mann famous Avas of this  kind, and  the Nux Avas
given in material doses.  Dr. Kidd  also states that
he considers  it one of our  best  anti-asthmatics.
While the gastric origin of the Nux asthma is often
unmistakably evident, the paroxysm  itself often de-
pends upon congestion of the lungs, and it is a char-
acteristic  symptom that  the  oppression  is  more
troublesome than  the spasmodic symptoms.  After
the paroxysm subsides  it leaves a condition of the
digestive organs for Avhieh Nux v. is the great remedy.
The tongue is coated with a thick yellow fur; slight
nausea; flatulence  and constipation; the breathing
is not quite right."
   Dose.—From the first to the thirtieth.
   Aggravation.— 3  a.  m.; in open  air; cold and
vexation.
   Amelioration.—"Warm air and warmth in general,
and wet weather.
  Opium.—Dry, teasing
titillating cough, day and
night, but  especially  at
night; cough of a cerebra
origin.  Face swollen and
purple,  with soporous
sleep  and stertorous
breathing. Constipation,
stools composed of round,
hard, black balls. Much
   In phthisis, when there is a
dry, spasmodic, teasing, titil-
lating  cough, aggravated at
night, where  the brain seems
to greatly sympathize, Opium
Avill  be found of great value.
Dr.  Hirschel  says: "Opium-
spasmodic cough with  contin- 
196         CONSUMPTION  AND LIQUIDS.
perspiration that is cold
and clammy.  Bed feels
so hard  he cannot lie
upon it. Frequent hot
flushes.   No  pains are
found in the opium cough.
Bad effects from fright.
                     ued dry titillation, allowing no
                     rest either by da;y  or night. In
                     every other  case, as in  the
                     cough of phthisical patients,
                     where it  keeps  off  nightly
                     paroxysms, it acts only pallia-
tively  by its  narcotic quality; but for  such cases
large doses are necessary."  Baehr says:  " Never give
Opium in cough with profuse expectoration of mucus,
or it Avill tend to great dryness.  It is erroneous to
suppose that the narcotic effect  of Opium  suspends
the desire to cough only for a short time,  for there
are many forms of cough where  Opium only aggra-
vates,  and does not afford any relief, or  affords relief
only when administered in very large  doses, to be
folloAATed afterwards by an increase of the cough.  In
our opinion Opium is admirably homoeopathic to a
spasmodic, dry, paroxysmal, titillating cough, Avhieh
is especially  tormenting at night, and has but a
scanty expectoration. The fact  that Ave have  often
cured a cough of this kind permanently by means  of
a feAv  doses, entitles us to the belief that Opium is
something better than a mere palliative in this af-
fection.  In the later course  of tuberculosis,  after
suppuration  had really  set in, we have  obtained
speedy and  real relief by  means of small doses  of
Morphine, one-twentieth or one-fiftieth  of a grain at
a dose.  Nor have Ave ever hesitated to avail ourselves
of the narcotic properties of this agent."  It is only
useful  in asthma in the reflex  or nervous forms, the
brain being the centre.  There  is  tightness of breath,
with oppression and spasmodic constriction of the
chest;  suffocative fits  during sleep.  The  cough  is
dry and suffocative, with bluish redness of the face
and dryness of the skin.  A copious secretion of mu- 
REMEDIES.
197
cus  always  counter-indicates Opium.  Morphine is
often a valuable palliative, and  the physician need
not  fear the effects of one-eighth, or, in  some  cases,
one-quarter to a half a grain at a dose.  These large
doses will ward off the so-called hay-asthma entirely
in some people.  I knoAv one physician that could not
practice in the fall Avithout his Morphine to ward off
the asthma.  Morphine, in the last stages of tuber-
culosis, is the only comfort and real blessing  the pa-
tient has in this Avorld, and the physician who would
withhold  this  only comfort  to  a  suffering mortal
ought not to practice medicine.
   Dose.— First three attenuations of Morphine. First
three decimal triturations, and the crude drug.
   Aggravation.—At night;  during sleep, and from
stimulants.
   Amelioration.—From cold; motion,  and during
the day.
  Phosphorus.—T h i s
is a true lung remedy and
affects more favorably
tall, slender people, with
fair skin,  sanguine tem-
perament and very sensi-
tive dispositions.  Deep-
seated  organic  diseases
where death is inevitable.
Sensation of weakness
and emptiness  in the
stomach and abdomen:
this emptiness  aggra-
vates a 1 1 other symp-
toms, and is the ruling
key for the use of Phos-
phorus. Great thirst,
drinks large quantities of
water; vomits whatever
   In phthisis,  when  the dis-
ease is deeply  seated,  much
emaciation accompanied Avith
great   nervous  prostration,
and more or less complicated,
with gastric and intestinal dis-
ease, Phosphorus is a kiug of
remedies. • There is much an-
aemia and deliquescence of the
blood, Avith  frequent  haemor-
rhages   of the  lungs,  of  a
dark  fluid  blood.   The  ema-
ciation is accompanied Avith a
dry, hard cough, the expecto-
ration  is   frequently mixed
with blood; the lungs more or 
198
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
                      less hepatized with much san-
                      guineous  infiltration  of  the
                      parenchyma   of  the  lungst
                      There is a great tendency to a
                      watery, exhaustive diarrhoea,
                      or much gastric  irritability;
                      the tongue is red at the tip
                      and at the sides;  nausea and
                      frequently Aromiting.  A sensa-
                      tion  of  goneness,  or  great
                      Aveakness in the abdomen, that
                      aggravates all the symptoms.
                      In copious and long lasting
                      pulmonary  haemorrhages,
                      Phosphorus is the best remedy
                      we have. Dr. W. Arnold says:
                      "The changes occasioned by it
                      in the blood,  and through the
                      blood in the  whole organism,
                      have  been overlooked  for a
                      long time.  In numerous cases
                      of poisoning by   means  of
                      Phosphorus-matches,  and  by
Phosphorus-paste, the changes in the blood are too
conspicuous  to remain  unnoticed  any  longer.  Al-
most all observers speaking on this subject describe
the blood as  being dark, even black, and  of fluid con-
sistence.  As a rule  it is thin, flowing, more rarely
of molasses-like,  or of more thick,  flowing  appear-
ance.  The blood is more fluid if Phosphorus does
not kill quickly, but has  a chance to effect changes in
the blood in consequence of a more lasting action for
several days.  These changes, hoAvever, usually set in
with great rapidity.   The results of microscopic in-
vestigations  of the blood offer important disclosures.
has been drunk as soon
as it becomes warm in
the stomach. Stools
slim hard and dry,
evacuated with great dif-
ficulty, looking 1 i k e a
dog's.  Diarrhoea, which
pours out in great quan-
tities, like water from a
hydrant. Hard, dry,
tight, rough cough.  Ob-
stinate, and copious
haemorrhages  from  the
lungs,  small wounds
bleed much. Much heat
in the back between the
shoulders.  Emaciated
people that take  cold
very readily,  are ex-
tremely sensitive to cool
air, and suffer much with
cold extremities.  Great
sexual desire or impo-
tence. Degenerati on of
the brain and liquefaction
of the spinal cord.  Fatty
degeneration of the liver. 
REMEDIES.
199
Phosphorus occasions an important change in the
blood discs; their decrease in consistency and circum-
ference is very conspicuous.  They become  smaller,
more extensible, and consequently can assume differ-
ent forms;  they  change their form in many ways, es-
pecially in their passage through narroAV vessels, and
in their proportion to each other.  One might say,
almost, that Phosphorus acts as a dissolvent upon
the blood discs.   This action touches the blood cell-
membrane  more  than the nucleus.  Greater luster,
a  less granular appearance, irregular and less dis-
tinctly  defined outlines,—these  are the  most con-
spicuous changes of the blood discs which can un-
doubtedly  be ascribed to the direct action of Phos-
phorus.  According  to  Rummel  the  destruction of
blood-discs is the most essential phenomenon  Avhen
Phosphorus has been introduced into the stomach,
or injected  into the blood.  The blood-discs separate
into haematine and globuline. The former floats as
a purple coagulum in the plasma, or may even be dis-
solved therein, while the form of the  latter is pre-
served. Another observation  of  Rummel  is very
worthy of  notice for the explanation of haemorrhages
after Phosphorus poisoning.  If a rabbit, into Avhose
vena cruralis Phosphorus oil had been injected, Avas
held  head  doAvnwards,  he  soon  saAV  red-colored
plasma, Avhieh under the microscope Avas free from
any blood discs, flow from the  nose.  The blood in
this dissolved state had passed through the walls of
the  vessels.  On opening  a  vessel, numerous blood
discs could still be found."
   This striking resemblance in the change of the
blood, and especially of the  blood-discs after poison-
ing Avith Phosphorus, shows  us Avhy it is of such Avon-
derful efficacy in the  cure of haemorrhages.  I once 
 200         CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.

 cured  a case of haemorrhage from  the  lungs  in a
 tuberculous subject Avith Phosphorus, when the pa-
 tient had well-nigh bled to death. Without any effort
 on the part of the patient, the blood would rise into
 his mouth, so that a quart-dish would be filled in half
 an hour; faintness  Avould come on, and the haemor-
 rhage  would cease for twenty-four  hours,  and then
 suddenly come on again.  The man Avas  so Aveak at
 the end of two weeks that he could not speak above
 a  whisper.   Aconite,  Hamamelis, Millefolium, Bella-
 donna and  Ipecac, all had been tried faithfully and
 failed.  After commencing the  use of Phosphorus, he
 had no more haemorrhages, and made a quick conva-
 lescence,  remained Avell  one year, and then died of
 pulmonary tuberculosis, without any return of the
 haemorrhage.  This   confirms  Raue's obseiwation;
 profuse haemorrhage, pouring out freely, then ceasing
 for some time.  For deep seated organic affections of
 thelungs, Avith a short, dry, rough cough, Phosphorus
 is  of inestimable value.  Dr.Hirschel says:  "The indi-
 cations for Phosphorus in nervous cough are similar
 to Opium, and may also be compared Avith Belladonna
 and Drosera.  In Opium one might say the titillation
 is  the chief indication.  In Phosphorus, the cough is
 more tormenting.  The irritation from  Phosphorus
 is  not  so continuous as  that  of Opium.   In Bella-
 donna, also, the cough is more mild—not so deeply
 seated.  The similarity with Drosera consists in this,
 that in both the cough comes  in paroxysms Avith in-
tervals.  The cough in Phosphorus is cut off short;
rough, short, dry; between every  single  coughing
 sound  there is  a short interval, which is wanting in
the Drosera cough.  Where they follow one another in
 quick succession, the cough does not begin with deep
inspiration, but the expiration prevails; the patient 
REMEDIES.
201
keeps coughing Avhen lying down, Avithout any neces-
sity to sit up for it, and the fit does not terminate
Avith expectoration or vomiting mucus, but  ceases
gradually. Neither does the Phosphorus cough come
so apparently from the depth of the abdomen; the
patients  rather point to the upper or lower respira-
tory organs.   It is quite certain that in such nervous
coughs Phosphorus  is a  grand  remedy, hence its
splendid  effects in stenosis  of the glottis,  in coughs
from bronchial asthma, in  angina pectoris.   Phos-
phorus is of equally great \Talue in  catarrhal, inflam-
matory or organic diseases of the respiratory organs.
We find  it everyAvhere in larA*ngeal,  tracheal,  bron-
chial, pulmonary catarrh up to inflammation, even
in the most croupous form, or terminating in pseudo-
plasmata and disorganization of the tissue The
painfulness of the larynx to the touch; the different
pains, soreness, stitches, burning; the expectoration
of foamy,  sticky,  purulent, salty, sweetish, broAvn,
rust-colored, bloody  mucus  ; the cough aggravated
by  speaking, laughing,  eating, motion;  hoarseness
and aphonia; shortness of breath and orthopnoea;
the great prostration, the feATer—all of them prove
the deeply penetrating  action  of  this remedy; still
shoAving  its poAver in emphysema  and tuberculosis.
In a fit of coughing during measles, Avhere the child for
tAvelve hours steadily felt irritation to cough, and ex-
pectorated a little foam and blood,  after all other
remedies  failed, a single dose of Phos. 2nd stopped it
permanently.  In pneumonia it ahvays remains our
sheet-anchor, and it preArents, in croup, paralysis and
narcosis through the carbonized blood."
   Dr. C.  C. Smith says: "Phosphorus—goneness in
the region of the stomach;  hoarseness and aphonia
in the evening; tormenting cough, tight  and  Avorse 
202
CONSUMPTION
AND  LIQUIDS.
before midnight; painless diarrhoea; puffiness around
the eyes; night sweat, especially during sleep; cough
worse from eating and drinking, with bursting feeling
in head; aphthous patches on roof of mouth and
tongue."  Dr. W.  H.  Holcomb  says:  "Especially
when there is sensitiveness and dryness of the larynx,
with a feeling as if it Avas lined with fur, and inability
to utter a Avord, every effort to do so being painful;
nervous exhaustion; suspected atrophy of the nerve
tissues."
   Baehr says: "Phosphorus, according to our OAvn
experience, is less adapted to phthisis as a Avhole than
to single symptoms.  It has to be used wuth caution,
for no  other medicine  causes  haemoptoe early  as
Phosphorus.  No other medicine disagrees so com-
pletely in the long run.  The chief indications for
Phosphorus are: continued hoarseness, with a dis-
tressing dry cough, sore feeling in the larynx and
trachea;  pain in the stomach after every meal; also
retching    and  vomiting   of  mucus;   continual
diarrhoea,  Avhieh  is  excited  by  eating,  and after
every meal; excessive excitement of the sexual pas-
sion."
   Meyhoffer says:  "Phosphorus  will rarely much
benefit the  chronic catarrh  of persons  otherwise
healthy; but it is admirably suited to the intercur-
rent,  acute,  or subacute attacks of bronchitis  in
emaciated, cachectic or young, overgroAvn invalids.
The tendency to pulmonary congestion and catarrhal
pneumonia,  so often,  under  such circumstances,
either the proximate cause or complication of bron-
chial irritation, is  additional and important indica-
tions for Phosphorus, is also one of our chief remedies
in broncho-pulmonary catarrh, resulting  from dila-
tation or fatty degeneration of the heart.  I am as 
REMEDIES.
203
 yet unable to give an opinion as to the dose, the 3rd
 and 30th having served me equally Avell."
    Dr. T. Nichols says:  "Phosphorus is the principal
 remedy in bronchitis of any kind, Avhen the inflamma-
 tory irritation threatens to  attack the parenchyma
 of the lungs, and it is customary to administer it
 after the more acute symptoms have been subdued
 by Aconite.  The  cough is dry and hacking, with
 burning and tickling in the air passages, and stitches
 in the chest.  It  is aggravated by speaking,  laugh-
 ing, or drinking, and is folloAved by expectoration of
 a bloody, frothy mucus.   There is also painful sensi-
 tiveness of the larynx, with hoarseness, or complete
 aphonia. The respiration is  loud and panting, in-
 dicative of great  oppression, and the pulse is hard
 and hurried, or rapid and feeble. Phosphorus seems
 useful in almost  any dilutions, but the 6th to the
 12th serves me the best."
   Dr. C. Pearson says:  "In incipient as well as con-
 firmed phthisis, in persons of meagre,  slender form,
 fair complexion, and strong sexual feelings; Avhen  in
 the  loAver lobes and of an asthenic type; in children
 and young  people, of delicate constitutions, with
 dry, short cough, shortness of breath, great emacia-
 tion, tendency to diarrhoea, or perspiration. It is no
 specific for phthisis, but acts usually on certain states
 of loAvered nervous energy, violent pneumonia, Avith
 sticking  pains in chest, excited or aggraA^ated by
 coughing or breathing also in pleuro-pneumonia; Avhen
 they are violent  and extend over a large surface,  a
 large portion of the lung is inflamed, with dyspnoea
 the cough is dry, and the sputa rust-colored.  Phos-
 phorus is in many cases the only remedy,  and it af-
fords relief in from four to eight hours. Give three
drops of the 3rd every tAvo hours.  (Where the cough 
204         CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.

is not so loose and rattling as for Lycopodium, or so
close  and tight as for Bryonia, the secretion being
much less, but more profuse than for either Bryonia
or Aconite, and in color someAvhat like that of Lyco-
podium, but being of a more dirty appearance resem-
bling pus but thinner, and when falling on any hard,
smooth surface, breaking and flying to pieces like thin
batter.")
   In asthma, Phosphorus is often of great service, in
the congestive form Avith symptoms of paralysis of
the lungs, and the above characteristic symptom; the
asthma being based on organic lesions of the lungs.
   Dose.—From the second to the thirtieth, the third
being most useful.
   Aggravation.— Especially at night; cold air, and.
motion.
   Amelioration.—Warm air; in the dark, and after
sleeping.

                         In the first stages of phthi-
                      sis, Phosphoric acid is often of
                      great value.  When  there is
                      great loss of strength, from the
                      loss of vital fluids, as in sexual
                      excesses, or  impotence.    The
                      patient is indifferent to every-
                      body and everything, cannot
                      be interested in anything; has
                      copious night sweats of a cold,
                      clammy nature.  It is to nerv-
                      ous  debility  what iron  is to
                      anaemia.
                         Dose.—First  three   dilu-
tions ; or used in  Avater, twenty drops of the acid to
one pint of Avater and drink freely, a quart a day.
  Fnospnonc i^cia.—
People who  have been
weakened by the  loss of
animal fluids, sexual ex-
cesses, or a long  succes-
sion of moral emotions.
Cerebral weakness from
brain fag; patient  can
hardly be persuaded to
speak, is indifferent to all
about him.  Painless,
watery diarrhoea,  with
much rumbling in the
abdomen, from much ac-
cumulation of flatulence;
stools undigested. 
REMEDIES.
205
   Aggravation.—From loss of animal fluids; men-
tal Avork; at night, and cold, dry weather.
   Amelioration.—Motion,   Avarmth,   and   Avet
Aveather.
  Pulsatilla.—Very af-
fectionate people,  with
blue eyes, yielding dispo-
sitions, and easily excited
to tears.  Symptoms
greatly aggravated in a
close,  warm  room ; pa-
tient  craves  fresh, cool
air. Symptoms very
changeable, well one hour
and sick  the next.  Es-
pecially  acts upon the
posterior spinal nerves,
as shown by the constant
chillings,—the patient
complains of being cold
all the time.  Weeps very
easily, can  hardly give
her  symptoms  without
crying; inclined to be
fleshy, and is very affec-
tionate. Women that are
inclined to be fleshy, with
delayed and  scanty men-
struation. Loose, rat-
tling, racking cough that
makes the stomach sore
and causes emissions of
urine at every paroxysm
of coughing.  Always has
a very bad  taste in the
mouth  in the morning
from bad digestion; has a
thickly  coated  white  or
yellow tongue; sour stom-
ach  from the  least  di-
   In phthisis, where the bron-
chial  mucous  membrane  is
greatly involved.  The cough
is very loose, Avith copious mu-
cous expectoration,  accompa-
nied Avith great soreness of the
epigastric region and if in fe-
males, the urine is emitted at
each  coughing  fit.   Loose
through the  day and tight at
night.
   Dr. Hirschel  says: "Pulsa-
tilla is similar to Hepar; when
given too early,  even  in the
third dilution, it will produce
aggravation  and  render the
cough dry after rests, in Pul-
satilla, like Hepar,  suits only
moist cough Avith copious mu-
cous  expectoration,  especially
when yelloAv,  whitish, salty,
towards the  end of catarrhs,
or in chronic catarrhs.  Pulsa-
tilla encroaches not so deeply
upon the  metamorphosis  as
Hepar,  and is,  therefore, only
 a palliative in chronic organic
cases.  It is especially indi-
cated for mucous rales, where
 asthmatic disturbances arise 
206         CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
gression in diet.  Espe-
cially bad effects from rich,
fat food.  Inclined to mu-
cous diarrhoea, worse at
night.  Flying rheumatic
pains, that come on sud-
denly.
                     from   the   accumulation   of
                     phlegm (emphysema), with ca-
                     tarrhal  irritation  in  the
                     throat;  amelioration in  the
                     fresh air; aggravation in  the
                     evening and at night.   It is
specific  in  those  cases  where the  cough is  moist
through the day,  with dry, titillating cough at night
in a recumbent posture."  Meyhoffer says:  "What
could Ave do without Pulsatilla in presence of copious
muco-purulent  expectoration  in  lymphatic  and
anaemic females.  There  is no remedy which corre-
sponds  so  Avell Avith the irregularities  of function in
the reproductive organs, as Avell  as with the symp-
tomatology of the bronchial affection, so common to
this class of Avomen, as  Pulsatilla.  Nocturnal  par-
oxysms of  dyspnoea; gouty or rheumatic pains, fly-
ing about  from  one part of the  body to another,
worse at night, fix as  characteristic symptoms  the
selection of this remedy."
   Baehr  says:  "Pulsatilla   is much more  useful
in chronic than in  acute bronchitis, if the folloAving
symptoms  prevail: cough principally  at night, ex-
cited  by itching in the trachea, Avith  copious expecto-
ration  of mucus;  the mucus is  mostly white  but
frequently mingled Avith yellowish or greenish lumps,
that impart to it an oily, offensive taste.  Pulsatilla
is next to indispensable in the bronchial catarrh of
chlorotic females, which almost ahvays, although not
in every case, depends upon tubercles.  If, in the case
of children, an acute catarrh gradually changes to
the chronic form Pulsatilla is a remedy of the first
importance."   Haemoptisis, especially in women that
have suppression of the menses; they are very tearful.
The cough is loose and rattling, the expectoration is 
REMEDIES.
207
mixed Avith mucus and blood.  The patient is chilly
all the time.  Asthma of a humid nature, especially
in  Avomen Avith  menstrual  disturbances.  There  is
congestion of the bronchial mucous membrane, and
after the paroxysm the patient is relieved by raising
large quantities  of mucus.   There is partial emphy-
sema of the lungs. The prominent gastric symptoms
produce,  through sympathy,  great  depression  of
spirits, melancholy, anxiety, and great dread of suf-
focation.  Short  suffocative, and extremely difficult
respiration, as if from  Avant of  sufficient air,  or
choked by some irritating substance; the patient is
obliged to retain the erect posture;  his movements
are  rapid and his whole appearance indicates great
distress and anxiety; tongue loaded Avith a thick yel-
Ioav, or Avhite coating; breath offensive; frequent eruc-
tations;  countenance pale, and the attack usually
comes on at night.
   Dose.— First to  the  thirtieth;  first  three being
most useful.
   Aggravation.— Warmth, especially a warm, close
room; evening until midnight; lying doA\rn; and fat,
rich food.
   Amelioration.—In open, cool  air; cold drinks,
and motion.
  Rhus  Toxicoden-
dron.—In phthisis that
is  brought on by cold,
damp weather; always
aggravated in cold, damp
weather.  Patient cannot
lie long in one position,
has to shift  about con-
stantly to get relief, which
lasts but a  short time,
then  he  has to move
   In phthisis associated with
rheumatism, the patient com-
plains of his joints being stiff,
and he has  a hard, dry, rack-
ing cough,  Avorse nights and
especially just before  and dur-
ing a cold  rain storm.  The
case is apt to assume a typhoid
form. 
208          CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
again.  Patient always
gets worse after mid-
night. Great stiffness of
the limbs before a storm.
The patient is  lame, the
joints are stiff  and pain
greatly  on first moving,
after rest, relieved by con-
tinued motion.  Fiery red
tongue;  putrid  taste;  af-
ter the first mouthful has
no appetite.  Looseness
of the bowels,  worse at
night; stools involuntary
with  great exhaustion.
Cough brought  on by re-
peated drenchings in the
rain. Terrible  cough,
which seems as if it would
tear something  out of the
chest; brick-dust expecto-
ration, raised with great
difficulty. Vesicular erup-
tion  on  the skin.  Ery-
sipelas.
warm  water or tea,
   Dr. Baehr says:  "Rhus is in
place if the local affection is so
disguised by the constitutional
disease that we seem  to  be
dealing  with  typhoid  fever,
complicated  Avith  bronchial
catarrh.  The use of this rem-
edy is suggested by great de-
bility, a prostrate  condition
of the whole organism, symp-
toms of violent reaction, such
as a rapid pulse, burning heat,
dry skin and tongue, delirium,
sopor,  a  short, distressing,
dry  cough, mostly at  night,
excited by motion, and every
little cold current of air; tick-
ling  and feeling of dryness in
the throat,  down the trachea;
the   symptoms  abate  for
                      aAvhile  after  a  swallow   of
                     but soon reappear again in the
same degree, accompanied  by tearing  pains in the
extremities, especially if they set in at the same time
as the cough, in consequent of the patient being  ex-
posed to the influence of a damp and cold air, or get-
ting soaking wet: the paroxysms occur in the night,
attended  with complete sleeplessness; the cough is
complicated Avith coryza, and  frequent spasmodic
sneezing, or, in case of influenza, with typhoid symp-
toms."                            ,
   Marcy and Hunt say: "Rhus tox.— Worse in the
evening, at night, and with perfect rest;  relieved by
rising from bed and walking about.   On the other
hand, they are aggravated  by external cold, while 
remedies.
209
frictions and warm applications relieve them; they
are aggravated by all rough movements or severe
exertions."   Dr. Boyce says: "Acute catarrh, the
nasal, laryngeal,  tracheal  and  bronchial passages
seem   stuffed  up;  commencing at about  sunset,
with sneezing and dry, hard,tickling cough; continu-
ing verv severe until midnight, when all the sufferings
are relieved; but  are renewed  the next  morning."
In  phthisis,  complicated  with  pneumonia,  expec-
toration  of  brick-dust or bloody sputa, raised with
great difficulty;  accompanied  with  low  typhoid
symptoms.
   Dose—First to the thirtieth; first three the most
useful.
   Aggravation.—While at rest,  on beginning  to
move; before a cold rain storm; especially from get-
ting wet while perspiring;  from  anything cold; at
night, or getting cold.
   Amelioration.—Continuous motion; Avarm, dry
weather; wrapping up warm; hot drinks; change of
position, and during the day.

                         In the first stage of phthisis,
                      Avhere the  mucous membrane
                      of the larynx and trachea is
                      involved, and there is a hard,
                      dry,  teasing, nocturnal cough,
                      that is greatly aggravated by
                      breathing  cool  air, especially
                      at night, Rumex will give won-
                      derful satisfaction.
                         Dr.  C. Dunham  says: "I
                      have used  Rumex chiefly  in
                      acute catarrhal  affections of
                      the  larynx, trachea,   and
          14
  Rumex  Orispus —
Especially acts upon the
mucous membrane of the
larynx and trachea. Vio-
lent and  incessant, dry,
fatiguing cough, with
little expectoration, ag-
gravated  by  pressure,
talking, and especially by
inspiring  cool air, and at
night;  cannot  bear the
cold air,  covers up the
head to  exclude it; com-
plete aphonia; sense of
excoriation  behind  the 
210
CONSUMPTION and  liquids.
bronchi.  In these cases it presents a. close analogy
in its action to Bell., Lach.,  Phos. and Causticum.
Rumex diminishes the secretions and  at the same
time exalts in a very marked manner the sensibility
of the mucous membrane of the larynx and trachea,
exceeding in the extent of this exaltation any remedy
known to us.  The cough, therefore, is frequent and
continuous to  an extent quite out of proportion to
the degree of organic affection of the mucous  mem-
brane.  It is dry, occurs in long paroxysms, or, under
certain circumstances, is almost uninterrupted.  It is
induced or greatly aggravated by any irregularity of
respiration, such as inspiring cold air; by irregularity
of  respiration and  motion  of the  larynx  and
trachea, such as are involved in talking; and t>3r ex-
ternal  pressure upon the  trachea.  The  subjecti\'e
symptoms  are rawness and soreness of the trachea,
extending a short distance below the  supra-sternal
fossa and  laterally into  the bronchi, chiefly  the
left; and tickling  in  the  supra-sternal fossa and
behind the sternum,  provoking the  cough; this
tickling is  very annoying  and very persistent, and
is only  partially relieved by coughing.  The  cough
is much  worse in the evening after retiring. The
mucous membrane of the trachea is  particularly
sensitiA^e to  cool  air;  the  patient  often  covers
his head Avith the bed-clothes to  avoid the cold
air, and  refuses to speak  for fear  of increasing his
cough."
   Dose.—First three attenuations.
   Aggravation.—Evening, after lying down, espe-
cially by inhaling cool air, and by pressure upon
the larynx  and trachea.
   Amelioration.—By warm  air,  and  in the day-
time. 
REMEDIES.
211
                         In catarrhal  phthisis,  this
                      is  a  precious  remedy  for
                      cough Avhere the larger bron-
                      chial tubes are involved, and
                      the  stage of copious mucous
                      secretion  has   set  in.   The
                      cough sounds  exceedingly
                      loose, but the  secretion of
                      mucous  is raised Avith great
                      difficulty.  Dr. Holcomb says:
                      "I prescribe it  in a  certain
                      troublesome harassing cough
                      without marked inflammatory
                      action, Avhen you are uncertain
                      whether you  are dealing Avith
                      a chronic bronchitis  or an in-
 cipient tuberculosis.  I use the  first centesimal tritu-
 ration of the resinoid.  I have been astonished at the
 poAver of this remedy in such cases.  It has done me
 more good in pulmonary diseases than  any other
 single remedy.  Calcaria 200th',  one  poAvder before
 breakfast  and one powder of Sanguinaria 1st, an
 hour after each meal, for chronic bronchial diseases,
 has procured me more reputation and business than
 any other one prescription I  have ever made.  In
 moist cough, Sanguinaria 3d cent, trit., steadily per-
 sisted in for several  days will  arrest  this catarrhal
 disease in almost any  of its  forms,  although Avhen
there is  headache, sore throat, red cheeks, pains in
the breast, offensive breath and expectoration, or
symptoms threatening pneumonia, it proves of very
great efficacy."
   Dr. C. C. Smith says: "Sanguinaria—emptiness
of stomach, Avorse after  eating,  flushes to face, fol-
loAved by hectic spots upon cheeks; constant tickling
  oangumari a.—
Cough that  has  passed
into the  second  state
and the  lungs are filled
with mucus,  raised with
great difficulty; rusty-col-
ored sputa, in the  second
stage of  pneumonia; ex-
cessive  dyspnoea.  Con-
stitutional and  severe
cough, always  attended
with  circumscribed  red-
ness of the cheeks;  cough
with coryza.  Croup mem-
brane very difficult to de-
tach; constant and inces-
sant dry  cough on lying
down at  night, relieved
by sitting up. 
212         CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.

at entrance of larynx, causing constant cough, with
a crawling sensation doAvn behind the sternum; chest
sore and painful to touch; hot streamings from chest
to abdomen;  cold hands and blue nails; breath and
sputa offensive, even to patient; extreme dyspnoea ;
desire to take a deep breath, which is followed  by in-
tense pain in right side of chest;  lassitude mornings;
aversion to motion;  stools  predominantly loose;
cough relieved by passage  of fatus upAvard or down-
ward."  Marcy and Hunt say:  "This is one of the
best  agents we have for  the prevention, if not the
cure, of consumption.  We have  used it with success
in patients Avho were subject to distressing affections
of the chest, repeated attacks of pneumonia resem-
bling pertussis.  Also in protracted catarrhal fever,
which leaves  obstinate cough and threatening con-
sumption.  The cough has generally been mitigated,
the pulse diminished in frequency; the  poAver of the
Avhole digestive system increased; the  appetite is al-
ways  improved, or regulated  in cases where it has
been morbidly great.  Chronic dryness in the throat;
continual severe dry cough, Avith pain in the chest
and circumscribed redness  of the cheeks; tormenting
cough  with expectoration of mucus. The  peculiar
cough,  emaciation  and  hectic  fever  of pulmonary
consumption; hydrothorax, asthma, pneumonia, and
pneumonia typhoides, pain in the chest, Avith  cough
and  expectoration;  burning  and  pressing in the
breast and back; palpitation of the heart;  burning
of the palms  of the hands  and soles of the feet at
night."  Sanguinaria catarrh is first acrid, Avatery
coryza, rawness of the throat, painful bronchial ca-
tarrh, Avhieh finally terminates in diarrhoea.
   Dose.—First three  triturations of Sanguinaria
nit. 
REMEDIES.                  213
   Aggravation.—Morning  and  evenings;  noise,
light, motion, and open air.
   Amelioration.— During the day;  quiet; and  in
the dark.
  Silicia.—Chronic  sup-
puration; has a wonder-
ful control over the  sup-
purative process, seeming
to mature abscesses when
desired.   Great lack  of
vital heat, is cold  and
chilly all the time, cannot
keep warm  even when
walking.  Great  disposi-
tion to  take cold,  even
from the slightest  draft
of air.   The  head  and
chest is  constantly  wet
with perspiration;  copi-
ous night sweats;   ex-
tremely foetid foot sweat.
Children with large, open
fontanelles, and who  wish
the  head covered   up;
rachitis  with slow denti-
tion.  Obstinate consti-
pation;  the rectum  does
not have  the power  to
expel the stools, the stool
often recedes after having
been partially expelled.
Fistulous  ulceration  of
the anus.  In women,
great  chilliness during
menstruation, with  con-
stipation.  Caries of the
bones  and chronic  sup-
puration of joints.  As-
sails nutrition rather
than the functions of an
organ.
   In phthisis, no remedy con-
trols the suppurative process
equal  to Silicia.  In  organic
diseases of  the air-passages,
Avhere suppuration has taken
place, with a suffocative, rack-
ing, loose cough, and copious
expectoration of thick, yellow,
greenish pus, or muco-pus, ac-
companied  Avith hectic fever,
great emaciation and debility
and copious night s\Areats, this
remedy  is  our sheet-anchor.
As a remedy for chronic bron-
chitis, it is only second to Sul-
phur.   Meyhoffer says: "I
think it hardly  possible to
overcome   radically  the  ca-
tarrh  pituiteux  of  Laennec
without the  inteiwention  of
Silicia.  In  this form  of bron-
chial  disease  no other agent
contributes so largely towards
recovery.   Not less  beneficial
are the  effects  of Silicia in
bronchial affections of rachitic
children.  Hughes thinks that
Silicia may find  its  place in
chronic bronchitis Avith puri-
form  expectoration, and it is
one of the  principal remedies 
 214         consumption and  liquids.

 in obstinate or se\rere cases characterized by racking
 cough,  with  copious expectoration of transparent
 purulent matter.  The cough is  suffocative, Avith op-
 pression at the chest, and aggravated at night, and
 is sometimes  accompanied by sore throat, Avith loss
 of breath when lying on the back and Avhen stooping.
 All unite in  prescribing  the  higher  dilutions, and
 Baehr says that  Ave have never derived any advan-
 tage  from  alcoholic attenuations, but  ahvays from
 the higher triturations."
   Marcy and Hunt say:  "This  remedy  embraces
 most of the symptoms that belong to the phthisical
 dyscrasia, consequently it is of great value for the
 constitutional condition in congenital or  hereditary
 cases.   The dyspeptic  symptoms  peculiar to con-
 sumption are  also nearly the same as under Hepar.
 The symptoms that sIioav themsehres in the respira-
tory  system are: roughness  and sore feeling in the
larynx, with dry  hacking cough, causing soreness in
the chest, hoarseness with cough; suffocative night
cough;  excessive continual cough with discharge of
translucent or bloody mucus; vomiting of purulent
matter when coughing;  ulceration of the lungs; dis-
charge of clear, pure blood, Avith deep, holloAv cough;
the chest painful  as if bruised;  shortness of breath
felt on Avalking or exercising;  Aveakness and  oppres-
sion of the chest, Avith  chilliness of the surface; op-
pressive  heaviness in the region of the  heart and
palpitation  when  sitting still."  This remedy  is
especially adapted  to  children that are inclined to
rachitis,  Avith  large bellies and  Aveak ankles; great
difficulty in learning to walk, emaciation with ulcera-
tion of  the lymphatic glandular system.   The ema-
ciation that calls for Silicia has been brought on by 
REMEDIES.
215
a long lasting organic disease of the lungs, or some
other organ undergoing suppuration.
   Dose.—From  the 15th to the 1000th, the 30th
being the most useful.
   Aggravation.—Cold air; night, and after sweating.
   Amelioration.— Warm air, and in a warm room.
  S p O n g i a.—Chronic
hoarseness;  dry, sibilant,
croupy cough, with great
dryness of  the  larynx;
every  secretion  is per-
fectly tight and dry, with
suffocative  breathing,—
patient must have  the
head high. Has a specific
action upon the larynx
and trachea. Goiter and
indurated lymphatic
   In phthisis,  Spongia corre-
sponds  to  affections  of the
upper part of the respiratory
organs, especially the larynx
and  trachea.  The cough  is
croupy, dry, sibilant, sounding
like  a saAV  driven  through a
thin  pine board, each  cough
corresponding  to  a  thrust
of the  saAv.  Baehr  savs:
" Spongia   is
 characterized
moist  cough,
glands.
by a hollow,  barking,  dry, seldom
continuing  all  day,  and  likeAvise  at  night,  in
long-lasting, distressing paroxysms, sometimes ac-
companied Avith rales.  The remedy is most appropri-
ate for  children, more particularly if the disease set
in as laryngitis and gradually extended to the lungs.
It is an excellent remedy in croupous  bronchitis."
"Often  the  patient  is   quite  convalescent, when
on very  slight exposure the  cough returns  with
redoubled  violence—the most pressing  dyspnoea,
sibilant ronchi and violent convulsive cough. When
this relapse occurs,  Spongia is  pre-eminently  the
remedy,  even though it had not  been given  pre-
viously."—Dr. Nichol.
   The first inflammatory symptoms should be sub-
dued by Aconite.  Spongia is not used as much as it
ouo*ht to be in those hard, tough cases of Avhat might 
216         CONSUMPTION and liquids.
be called dry bronchitis.  There is an absence of in-
flammatory symptoms, but the patient has a terrible
hard, dry, racking cough,  slight expectoration and
dyspnoea.  In  dry, spasmodic asthma,  Avith severe
dyspnoea on  lying down, exertion  produces  great
exhaustion in the chest.
   Dose.— First three decimal triturations.
   Aggravation.—Night; cold air; lying  Avith  head
low.
   Amelioration.— By Avarm air and head high.
  S t a n n u m.— Great
weakness of the chest; the
least exertion  puts  pa-
tient all out  of  breath;
cannot answer questions,
there is such debility, all
centering  in  the  chest;
reading aloud, coughing,
or the effort to expecto-
rate, produces great weak-
ness in  the lungs. Feels
so weak can hardly sit
down, must drop down
suddenly, but can get up
very  well.  Great weak-
ness of the legs, they can-
not   support the body.
Can go  up stairs nicely,
but  coming down stairs
produces great faintness.
Pains commence  lightly,
increase gradually to a
very  high  degree,  and
then  decrease again as
slowly.  Bronchial  dila-
tation, with loose cough,
and green, muco-purulent
expectoration.  Exhaust-
ing night-sweats.
   In phthisis Avhere the bron-
chial tubes  are inflamed and
dilated; the secretion of mu-
cus is very great, of a green,
yelloAV, or muco-purulent char-
acter, Avith  a  loose, rattling
cough, accompanied  Avith ex-
cessive prostration, especially
centering in  the chest,—Stan-
num  will be found  of  great
utility.   Hahnemann  says:
"Rough  throat,  hoarseness,
Aveakness  and  emptiness  in
the chest; the hoarseness Avas
sometimes relieved by a fit of
cough; mucus in the trachea,
in the forenoon, easily thrown
off by a slight cough, the chest
feeling very  Aveak, Avith  faint-
ness,  and  Aveakness  of  the
Avhole  body.    Accumulation
of mucus in the chest,  Avith
rattling breathing, AAdiich can
be  felt  internally;   constant 
REMEDIES.
217
desire to  cough, OAving to  too much mucus in the
chest;  continued desire to cough, from a constriction
of the  trachea,  expectorating a  greenish mucus;
sore feeling in the chest, with a horrid cough, expec-
torating blood;  yelloAv expectoration having a pu-
trid  taste;  salty expectoration.   Fit of  asthma,
obliged to breathe hurriedly for a long time.
   Dose.— First six triturations.
   Aggravation.— Motion,  reading  aloud and  at
night.
   Amelioration.— During  the day; warmth  and
sitting doAvn.
  Stigmata Maidis.—
Great excess of lithic acid
gravel in the urine; the
urine is loaded with lithic
acid and deposits a large
amount  of  red  sand:
chronic cystitis.  M u c h
mucus in the urine
                        This  is  one  of our  best
                     remedies for phthisis, as soon
                     as the cough begins to loosen;
                     the  accumulation of mucus is
                     great, raised with  some  diffi-
                     culty.  The party coughs day
                     and night, but  Avorse  in the
night; hoarseness, the  larynx  and  trachea being
much  inflamed.  All  the  symptoms  of Stigmata
greatly resemble  those  of  Lycopodium, and  it is
hard to distinguish Avhieh one of the remedies  should
be selected.  There is more flatulence in the digestive
organs where  Lycopodium is indicated, and the  dis-
ease is more  chronic.  Stigmata  cases are more
acute in nature, and develop with more rapidity.
   Dose.— From  tAvo  to  ten drops  of the Fluid
Extract.
   Aggravation.—At night.
   Amelioration.— During the day.
  Sulphu r.—Constant
heat on top of the head,
palms  of the hands  and
   In phthisis this remedy is
the back bone of our school,and 
218
CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.
soles of the feet, con-
stantly putting the feet
out of bed to get them
cool.  The patient feels
constantly  hot  all over
the body.  Very weak and
faint at 11 A. M., cannot
wait for dinner.  Early
morning diarrhoea, that
drives the patient out of
bed in great haste,—can't
wait, must go to stool as
soon as the desire is felt.
The stools are extremely
acid, the  anus is sore
and excoriated.  Obsti-
nate chronic constipation,
stools dark,  hard and
dry, expelled  with great
straining;  accompanied
with piles  that   bleed
much; from  abdominal
plethora. Excoriating di-
arrhoea, especially in in-
fants.  In women, menses
too  early,  too  profuse
and last too long, and
are very excoriating; ac-
rid,  excoriating leucor-
rhcea.   Feels suffocated,
wants the  windows and
doors open, with frequent
hot flashes,  with faint-
ness, followed by perspi-
ration and much debility.
Much rattling of  mucus
in the  lungs; catarrhal
symptoms get worse and
worse with a loose cough.
Plastic  pleurisy with  se-
rous exudations.  Chronic
rheumatism.   A'esicular
but feAv cases can be treated
Avithout its aid, and about all
kinds  of coughs  yield  to its
poAA'er, but more  particularly
chronic  bronchial catarrh,
Avith   excessive  collection  of
mucus, or muco-purulent mat-
ter and loose, rattling cough,
and  easy  expectoration, es-
pecially in  the day-time.  At
night, the mucus  is  more te-
nacious   and   raised  Avith
greater difficulty, but becomes
easy  again in the  morning.
Baehr  says:   "In   chronic
bronchitis,  Sulphur is un-
doubtedly  the  most  impor-
tant remedy Ave  have, because
it  corresponds to the  worst
and most   inveterate  cases.
If emphysema is present, this
remedy  may never  yield any
marked results.  Brilliant re-
sults  may,  hoAvever, be ob-
tained in  cases  of chronic
catarrh of  long  standing,  if
the mucus is secreted in large
quantities,  or  is  very  tena-
cious,  and  the  symptoms
point  to a decided thickening
of  the   mucous  membrane.
An  eminent  indication  for
Sulphur is, the excessive sen-
sitiveness of the  skin, so that
every  trifling  change of tern- 
REMEDIES.
219
eruptions  on the skin,
greatly aggravated  by
warmth.  Excessive sensi-
tiveness of the skin; pa-
tient is powerfully affect-
ed by changes of temper-
ature,  which  aggravates
all symptoms. Patient is
happy, has happy dreams
and everything  looks
beautiful.  Aggravation
in cold, damp weather,
from getting  warm in
bed, and afternoon to mid-
night.  Adapted to sub-
acute and chronic cases.
                      perature causes an  exacerba-
                      tion,  and that  even  if  the
                      patient remains in his room,
                      —he is still poAverfully affected
                      by  changes  in the  Aveather.
                      Only this hyperesthesia must
                      not be  caused by pulmonary
                      tuberculosis; the tubercles at
                      least must not be in a state
                      of  suppuration.    What  Ave
                      have  said  shows  that  the
                      symptoms  may  be   distin-
                      guished  in  two  series.  The
                      cough is either loose, the mu-
cus  easily detached, but only  at times, so that  at
night, for instance, there is a good deal of dry cough,
Avhereas  in  the morning and during the day  the
cough is moist.  The expectoration is mostly Avhite,
compact, but  mixed Avith a  number of yellow  or
green lumps, shoAving that the mucus had been se-
creted in the bronchi  for a long time before being
coughed up; it has a foul taste and even a bad odor,
and accompanying hoarseness and sensation of raw-
ness, sIioav that the larynx and trachea Imve become
invoked  in  the pathological process.   Or else  the
cough commences in more Auolent paroxysms, Avith
considerable dyspnoea, is  dry  and  spasmodic, Avith
Avheezing in the chest;  it occurs most generally late
in the eATening and  in  the night, and it is only to-
wards morning, or after  rising, that a tenacious,
glossy mucus is  brought up after a slight coughing
spell.  The digestive symptoms, and the condition of
the liver, which generally appears  very much  en-
larged in chronic catarrh, confirm the  selection of
Sulphur.  It has always seemed to us that the tritu- 
220         CONSUMPTION AND LIQUIDS.

rations did not act so Avell in this disease as the at-
tenuations prepared from the alcoholic tincture, and
that as a rule, higher potencies acted better than  the
loAver;  and finally Sulphur acts better on the young
than in the old."
   Dr.  Hirschel says:  "Sulphur  alloAvs  a far  more
extensi\re application in chronic forms; less, perhaps,
by its  specific relations to cough than by its vaso-
motor effect, and by its poAver of causing a reaction
in the  metamorphosis.  It acts favorably Avhere  the
course of the disease is slow, Avithout coming to any
decision in acute cases; as in catarrh or inflamma-
tion (Sulphur effectually develops  hepatization), as
Avell as in chronic diseases of the respiratory organs,
and  of the heart.   Sulphur  sIioavs in the proving all
sorts of coughs,  and different expectorations;  but
the constitution of the patient and the adjectiva of
the disease give us hints for its selection.  WheneA'er
a dyscrasia is on  hand, the physician  remembers
sulphur."
   Marcy  and  Hunt  say:  "Hahnemann regarded
phthisis as a psoric disease, and Sulphur as the first
anti-psoric remedy.  He refers to six cases  in Avhieh
consumption Avas caused by the repulsion  of psora
from the skin; later Avriters have admitted that Sul-
phur is a specific for  itch, and also for the diseases
caused by its recession.   Sulphur is specifically suited
for  phthisis in psoric  constitutions  of lymphatic
temperament, subject to venous plethora and  haem-
orrhoids.   There is  predisposition to take cold from
slight  exposure, running into chronic catarrh; erup-
tions resembling those  of  scrofula appear on  the
skin; rheumatic  pains  Avithout SAvelling;  dra/vving
pains in the limbs;  unsteady gait and tremor of the
hands; great general  prostration;   nervous  ex- 
REMEDIES.
221
 haustion following debilitating losses; numbness of
 different  parts,  paralysis and emaciation;  pains
 Avorse at night, relieA-ed by external Avarmth; droAvsi-
 ness and disturbed sleep;  disturbing dreams;  hallu-
 cinations  and timidity.  The  patient curable by
 Sulphur has generally some eruptive disease of the
 skin, or has had such affection (not necessarily the itch)
 repelled from the surface at some former time; he is
 subject to abscesses, boils or SAvelling of the glands;
 hectic fever, folloAved  by  night sweats, or profuse
 SAveat from slight heat  or exercise.  There is  hypo-
 chondriac sadness,  disposition to AA-eep;  irritated,
 taciturn disposition;  the head is dizzy; intolerance
 of light.  Pale face, Avan,  blanched, sickly, bloated,
 Avith wrinkled countenance; blue margins around the
 eyes; hepatic spots in the skin ;  sA\-elling of the gums;
 dryness of the tongue; favus on the skin.  The
 throat  is dry; mucous  expectoration; sore throat;
 vesicles on the surface;  pressure in the throat as if
 from a  lump;  tonsils red and SAvollen;  uAmla en-
 larged ; putrid taste in the morning; ravenous appe-
 tite, or loss of appetite; acidity of the stomach and
 sour eructions; heartburn, morning nausea, Avater-
 brash, acid vomiting.  The stomach  is painful on
 pressure; swelling, burning and  cramplike contrac-
 tion or spasm of the stomach; malaise before a  meal;
 nausea after eating. Pain in the abdomen, Avith sen-
 sitiveness of the surface; spasmodic contraction; colic,
 cutting pain Avith  nausea,  folloAved by diarrhoea and
tenesmus; haemorrhoids, constipation Avith pain in the
rectum as ifitAvould protrude; mucous stools streaked
with blood, passed Avith ascarides or lumbraci; stran-
gury, foetid urine.  The throat  feels rough, the larynx
dry, sore, its sides swollen and feeling as if something
lodged there.  Hoarseness or loss of voice;  catarrh; 
222         CONSUMPTION AND  LIQUIDS.

fluent coryza,  raAvness or spasmodic contraction of
the chest; cough dry, short and hacking, and after a
meal exciting retching or vomiting.  At a later stage
the cough is looser, raising  thick mucus, then green-
ish masses;  the cough excites violent  headache,
Avhieh in the  occiput is  pulsate; spitting blood.
The  breathing is spasmodically arrested;  asthma
excited by a long rapid walk, or  ascending the stairs;
suffocative paroxysms,  especially coming on  at
night; talking causes Aveak feeling in the chest; op-
pression or contractive pain there;  neuralgic stitches
of the chest, extending to the sternum or back; pal-
pitation of the heart, anxious throbbing AATth flush
of the face, or rush of blood to the head.  Leucor-
rhoea; irregular menstruation; cold hands  and feet."
   Asthma, in  chronic cases, complicated Avith erup-
tive  skin  diseases;  rheumatism, or some  constitu-
tional taint;  it may be either humid  or dry,  but
generally  the  breathing and  cough is neither loose
nor dry, but half way between, of a Avheezing charac-
ter; there seems to be much mucus in the lungs, but
none, or only  a trifle, is  expectorated; sensation as
if  the lungs touched the back Avhile coughing.  Sul-
phur is adapted to nearly every kind of asthma, but
is the most useful in the humid form.  Burning of the
feet at night; patient has to  put them out of  bed
to cool them; frequent flushes of heat, Avith  suffo-
cative cough.  Haemoptysis that  gets  almost  well,
then returns again and again.
   The symptoms of Sulphur are so numerous and so
contradictory,  that I will leave  the  physician to
make out the balance by physiological induction and
clinical experience.
   Dose.— From the  tincture up  to the  one  thou-
sandth ; the first thirty being the most useful. 
remedies.                 223
   Aggravation.—Afternoon  to  midnight:   cold,
damp weather, or open cold air; and from getting
warm in bed.
   Amelioration.—By heat; dry AA'eather, and  mo-
tion.
  Sulphuric A c i d-
Great debility, with sen-
sation of tremor all over
the  body  without trem-
bling.  Great exhaustion
from some  deep-seated
dyscrasia.  Aphtha?, at-
tended with much pain.
Coldness and relaxed feel-
ing in the stomach, with
loss of appetite and great
debility.  Diarrhoea with
excessive  prostration,
haemorrhages ^from  all
the  outlets of the body,
of dark blood. In women,
constant flushes of heat
at the climacteric, with a
tremulous  sensation all
over the  body; menses
too  early, too profuse,
and always preceded by
a distressing  nightmare.
Patient feels as  if  every-
thing must be done in a
great hurry. General and
great  debility.  Copious
and  exhausting .  night-
sweats,                  exceedingly painful to the pa-
tient in the last stages of consumption;  the saliva is
secreted in great quantities.   Sulphuric acid applied
with a spray three times  a day Avill greatly comfort
the patient and arrest the ulceration.  Or it  can be
mixed with glycerine and applied Avith a camel's  hair
   In the last stages of phthisis,
Avith  aphthous  sore mouth
and profuse  exhausting night
SAveats, it  is the best remedy
we have, and the pl^sician is
often made happy for its great
value in this  tormenting and
prostrating  symptom.  It is
more especially  called for in
profuse morning SAveat; affect-
ing principally the upper part
of the body,  and accompanied
Avith excessive and extreme de-
bility.  The old  school give
from tAvelve to twenty minims
at a dose,  three  or four times
a day, of the dilute Sulphuric
acid.   The second and third
decimal dilutions of  the chem-
ically pure drug  in our hands
will  yield  fine   results.   In
Aphthae, Avhen  the  mouth is
filled Avith ulcers, Avhieh  are 
224          consumption and liquids.
pencil.  Dilute Sulphuric acid may also be used as a
gargle.
   Dose.—First three dilutions of the C. P.
  * Aggravation.— Open cold air, and eA^enings.
   Amelioration.— Open Avarm air, and from vomit-
ing.
  Tartar Emetic-
Loose, rattling cough,
which sounds as if there
was a cupful of mucus in
the lungs, and they were
about to run over; large
collection of mucus in the
bronchial tubes, expecto-
rated with great diffi-
culty from paralysis of
the  vagi. Paralysis  of
the  lungs with  great
dyspnoea, and fits of suf-
focation.  Very  great
thirst  day and  night,
with nausea and  vomit-
ing. G3dcma of the lungs;
coliquative diarrhoea.
Much  yawning.  Lum-
bago.
                        In phthisis this  remedy is
                      indicated Avhen Ave have a very
                      loose, rattling cough,  the
                      lungs seem loaded Avith mucus,
                      but none is expectorated.  Dr.
                      H i r s c h e 1    says:   '' Tartar
                      emetic.  Cough   rattling;  it
                      sounds loose  Avithout   being
                      loose; cough Avith vomiting of
                      food  after eating;  stertorous
                      tracheal  and bronchial  rat-
                      tling ; the rattling necessitates
                      sitting up, with  vomiting  or
                      dyspnoea  and fear  of suffoca-
                      tion.  In  the teething  cough
                      of children,  Avhere  Ave  fre-
quently hear the rattling from afar, and  disappear-
ing after the paroxysm of cough.  In pneumonia
with high-graded hepatization, it aids expectoration
when resolution begins to take place.  In chronic
bronchial catarrhs, emphysema bronchiectasia, se-
nile catarrhs.  It gives great alleviation in tubercu-
losis pulmonum, but also more rapid dissolution of
the tubercles, and hastens the doAvnward course.   In
croup, as an intermediate remedy for the solution,
and to keep off paralysis.  It acts Avell in those cases
without producing emesis."
   "Copious accumulation of mucus in the air-pas- 
remedies.                225
sages, deficiency of aeration caused by its presence,
numerous  moist  rattles,  severe  spasmodic  suffo-
cative cough.  Tart.  em. is more adapted to sub-
acute  than to chronic affections  of the air-tubes;
hence its  frequent application in  bronchial catarrh
for children  and aged  persons.   Infants especially
sometimes exhibit in the course of  chronic bronchitis
sudden and alarming symptoms of suffocation, and
mechanical irritation of the fauces  is not always con-
venient or tolerated.  In such cases a vomiting dose
of this salt does much good and cannot do harm.  A
solution of one grain of the first decimal  trituration
to half an ounce of water, one teaspoonful every ten
minutes, usually suffices in two or three doses to pro-
duce emesis; and in this Avay throws off the accumu-
lated mucus, and then the third trituration will finish
the cure.''— Meyhoffer.
   In capillary bronchitis, Dr.  T. Nichol says: "Tar-
tar emetic is unquestionably the  great  remedy for
this dangerous form of bronchitis, and all who have
used  it can  endorse the  recommendation of  Dr.
Hughes: 'perfectly homoeopathic to both the local
and the general condition.  I have  almost invariably
relied upon it single-handed, and have seen desperate
cases recover under its use.'  Kreussler says  'that he
has found it very efficient in the last hours, when the
patient struggles hard.' Baehr remarks  that 'it is
really the second stage of the  catarrhal process that
is adapted to the curative action of this drug;' but
my experience is that it should  be given promptly and
Avithout delay as soon as the disease is  diagnosed.
Aconite is the only remedy that can compare with it
in value in this disease.  Tartar em. is indicated by
severe  spasmodic suffocative  cough, Avith  wheezing
respirations and marked dyspnoea; also  by rattling
        15 
226
consumption and liquids.
cough which ends Avith vomiting of thick white mu-
cus;  also Avhen the cough suddenly ceases from weak-
ness or paralysis. The actions of the patient seem
to show that he is suffering from oppression  at  the
chest; and the  mucous  ronchus, indicating  a very
copious  accumulation  of mucus in the bronchial
tubes, is one of the leading features  of the case.
This accumulation  forms a mechanical obstruction
to respiration, and accordingly we have  a  group of
symptoms of Carbonic  acid poisoning more  or  less
pronounced;  great anxiety and  agitation, pale and
bloated face, coma or delirium, with coldness of the
extremities.  Profuse, cool  SAveat, not followed by
relief, and a disposition to vomiting and  diarrhoea
Avould be additional indications.  Acts best in 3d and
4th'triturations.'   In  humid asthma this is often
valuable in acute cases  complicated Avith catarrh of
the lungs, especially in  children, with much  conges-
tion and inflammation of  the  bronchial  mucous
membrane, and the tubes filled Avith mucus; much
choking and rattling, but the mucus cannot be raised
without great exertions."
   Dose.—First three triturations.
   Aggravation.—Evening:  cold   damp  weather,
and warmth.
   Amelioration.— Open cool  air, and during  the
day.

   Tar and Tar Water.—This  is an  old fashioned
but  a  very valuable remedy in phthisis Avhere the
bronchial mucous membrane is largely involved.  Tar
has a specific action on all mucous membranes, espe-
cially that of the lungs.  The cough is very loose, often
paroxsymal and very violent, affecting  the  patient
day and night.  The expectoration is  rather abund- 
remedies.
227
ant, frothy, yellow or muco-purulent, and often very
foetid; breathing rapid; much  rattling  of  muco-
purulent substance  in the lungs; loss  of appetite;
night SAveats and much debility.  In these cases the
action of tar and tar Avater  is very marked, greatly
stimulating the mucous membranes and producing
healthy nutrition.  In a Aveek, a  great  improvement
usually takes place, often arresting the  disease in a
month.  The tar should be given in from tAvo to five
grains (in pills or capsules) once in three hours.  For
a drink, cover the bottom of a quart dish one quar-
ter of an inch thick, and then fill the dish with warm
or cold water;  drink this in broken doses,  so that it
all  will be taken in  one day.  Prepare fresh e\Tery
night and it will be ready for use in the morning.  The
tar can be renewred once a week.
       BURT'S PNEUMATOSCOPE.

                 [see cut next page.]

  It is formed like the  hour-glass, with rubber ear tubes, and
rubber tympanum in the top, which greatly magnify the sound
waves.  This gives us a  more accurate differential diagnosis, as
different breath-tones are produced in different diseases, when the
patient breathes into the instrument.  When applied to the
chest, its superiority over the Stethoscope will at once be estab-
lished, and the diagnosis of all thoracic  diseases will be greatly
simplified by the use of  this instrument.  The cut shows it one-
half size.
                    FOR SALE BY
          .-.  GROSS &  DELBRIDGE,  .'.
                  48 Madison Street,
                     CHICAGO. 
BURT'S
PNEUMATOSCOPE. 
bibliography.
   Physiological and Pathological Chemistry, T. C. Charles, M.
D.; Manual of Dietetics, J. M. Fothergill, M. D.;  Food in Health
and Disease, I. B. Yeo, M. D.; Eating for Strength, M. L. Holbrook,
M. D.; Food and Dietics, F. W. Pavy, M. D.; Reference Handbook
of the Medical Sciences. System of Medicine, W. Pepper, M. D.;
Cyclopaedia of the Practice of Medicine, Dr. H. Von Ziemssen; Rey-
nolds' System of Medicine, Hartshorne, Text Book of Human
Physiology, Dr. L. Landois; Practical Medicine, A. L. Loomis, M.
D.; Medical Record, Therapeutic Gazette, Therapeutics of Tubercu-
losis or Pulmonary Consumption, W. H. Burt,  M. D.; Marcy and
Hunt's Practice, Jousset's Clinical Medicine, Chronic Diseases of the
Organs of Respiration, John Meyhoeffer, M.  D.; Pulmonary  Con-
sumption, C. J. B. Williams, M. D.;  Woods' Medical and Surgical
Monographs, Medical Era, Hahnemannian Monthly, North Ameri-
can Journal of Homoeopathy, Special Pathology and Therapeutic
Hints, C. G. Raue, M. D.; Homoeopathic Therapeutics, S. Lilien-
thal, M. D. 
 
INDEX.
                       PAGE.
 Administration of Liquids 120
 Aconite   .   .    .    .   144
 .Etiology  ....   9
 Albuminoids  ...    44
 Argentum Nit.  .    .    . 148
 Arsenicum   .    .       145
 Aphtha?.....141
 Apple.....114
 Apricot.....115
 Aqueous Vapor    .    .    70

 Banana    .... 118
 Barley    ....   100
 Baptisia   .    .    .    .152
 Belladonna   .    .    .   150
 Beer.....100
 Bed Sores ....   143
 Beef Tea   .    .     106, 109
 Beef Juice    .    .    .   109
 Bovinine   .    .    .    .110
 Bryonia   ....   152
 Buttermilk .    .    .    .95

 Carbonic Acid Water   .    35
 Carbonic Acid in Phthisis .  36
 Calcaria Carb. et Phos.    154
 Carbo-hydrates  ...  42
 China.....157
 Cherry.....115
 Cream    ....    96
Chicken Broth  .    .   .109
Clam Juice    ...    99
	PAGE. . 158
Conium	159
Condensed Milk .	. 96
Cough	137
Cough, Moist	. 138
Cough, Asthmatic .	139
Cough, Hoarse .	. 139
Currant .	117
Cuprum Phos.	. 160
Climate	31
Cod Liver Oil	. 52
Date.....116
Diet.....40
Digitalis .    .    .   .    160
Diarrhoea   ....  141
Distilled Water    .   .     97

Eggs   .   .    .   .    .104

Faeces    ....     86
Fluid Food  ....   88
Ferrum   ....    161
Fruits  .... 102, 121
Fruit Jellies   ...     98
Fruit Juices .'   .   .    .98
Figs.....119
Fluid Beef Extracts .    .  106

Gaseous Food ...     68
Gaseous Enemata   .    .  134
Grape Juice    ...     96 
232
Index.
Grape Cure  .
Goosberry
General Atony   .
Gruels

Hamamelis  .
Ha?moptisis
Hectic Fever
Hepar Sulphur
Hydro-carbons  .
Hy dro-thera peutics
Iodine .
Ipecacuanha
Introduction

Kali Bich .
Kali Carb
Kali Chlor
Kali Hyd   .
Keefer
Kidneys
Koumiss  .
Kreosote

Lachesis  .
Lemon .
Lemonade
Lime
Lungs
Lycopodium
Malt Extracts.
Malted Milk .
Melon.
Mercurius Sol.
Mercurius Protoiod.
Millefolium  .
Milk ....
Mineral Water   .
Muriatic Acid  .
 97
117
136
100

165
136
139
165
 46
 29

168
173
  5

175
176
179
177
 98
 76
 97
180

181
117
 99
117
 80
183

102
 94
118
186
189
191
 93
 92
191
Night Sweats
Nitric Acid
Nitrogen
Nux Vomica
.  140
  192
.   69
  194
Opium.....195
Olive.....115
Orange.....116
Organic Matter    .    .    72
Oxygen  Gas ....  33
Oxygenated Water    .    34
Oysters.....106

Pear.....114
Peach   ....   115
Peptonized Milk ...  94
Plum.   .   .    ...   115
Pneumatoscope .    .    .227
Phosphorus   .    .    .   197
Phosphoric Acid .    .    . 204
Phosphate of Copper  .   160
Pineapple  .    .    .    .119
Pomelo   ....   117
Prevention of  Intermar-
   riages ....    92
Prophylaxis    ...  20
Pulsatilla....   205
Purification of Water    .  92
Pulque   ....    99

Quince.....115

Raw Meat Pulp    .    .   109
Rain Water ....  91
Rectal Administration  .   130
Respiration ....  82
Rice Water  .    .    .   100
River Water     ...  91
Rhus Tox ....   207
Rumex Cris .... 209

Salts, Mineral ...    64 
INDEX.
233
Sanguinaria	. 211		85
Silicia	213	Tar and Tar Water	226
Skin .	. 78	Tartar Emetic .	224
Skimmed Milk .	95	Thoracic Pain .	143
Shaddock	. 117	Toast Water	100
Solid Food	120	Transmission of Phthisis	15
Spring Water	91	Tubercular Bacillus .	14
Stannum .	216	Tubercle Chemistry	85
Stigmata Maidis	. 217		
Strawberry	11.8	Valentine's Meat Juice	110
	110		
Sulphur	. 217	Water . . 73,90	127
Sulphuric Acid .	. 223	Whey.....	95
Spongia .	216	Wine Whey	96
 
234
MEDICAL  WORKS.
A PHYSIOLOGICAL MATERIA  MEDICA—Com-
    prising the Physiological Action of our Remedies,
    their Characteristic Indications and their Phar-
    macology.    By  W.  H.  Burt,  M. D.   Octavo.
    Fourth edition.  Cloth, $7.00; sheep, $8.00.

    Dr. Burt has brought together  in a compact and well-ar-
ranged form an immense amount of information.  The profession
will fully appreciate the labor and skill with which the author has
presented  the physiological and pathological action of each drug
on the organism.—New York Medical Times.
    We are sure that Dr. Burt's new work will have deservedly a
rapid sale. Paper and printing leave nothing to be desired.  May
the publishers never falter in such laudable work, and the eyes of
the readers will bless them forever.—Dr. Lilientbal, in North Amer-
ican Journal of Homoeopathy.
    An enthusiastic yearning for the whys and wherefores of our
wondrous Therapeutic art has brought Dr. Burt to the front again
among the best  bookmakers  of  our time.—St. Louis Clinical
Review.
    Dr. Burt has enriched our literature with  many valuable con-
tributions, and the work before  us gives proof of  the value of his
well-directed labors.—Detroit Medical Observer.
    We can recommend the book as full of interesting and profit-
able reading.—Hahnemannian Monthly.
    Dr. Burt has the power of sifting  the tares from the wheat.—
Chicago Medical Times.
    We cordially recommend  Dr.  Burt's book.—New  England
Medical Gazette.
    Have just received Burt's Materia Medica. It is a work long
needed, and the printing and binding are a credit to the house.—
R. W. Nelson, M. D.
    It is a key-stone of medical study, and the printing and bind-
ing are the very best.—G. H. Morrison, M. D.
    The work is a credit to Chicago.—Medical Investigator.

CLINICAL  COMPANION to  "The   Physiological
    Materia Medica.'"  Being a Compendium of Dis-
    eases, their Homoeopathic and Accessory Treat-
    ment, with Valuable Tables  and  Practical Hints
    on Etiology, Pathology, Hygiene, etc.  By W. H.
    Burt, M. 1).   252 pages/  Illustrated.   Price,
    cloth, $2.50; flexible leather, $3.00.

       For Sale by GROSS £ DELBRIDGE,
                            48  Madison Street, CHICAGO. 
 
 
 
 
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