QHOLBK/I MonHUH. ,f AHffAMY tfO, \*'M. # firm!, mid IBlilltffid in l»y ftM If-nue. 4 I $ Or.!- 1' .I, Mfit I'M) ».!iHiii»ii9i rf>|n««.« be printed. i K& ' Mr. Aiu'hkm, from ihtCoflimittefl on Foreign Affairs, to which thosubjuc» had been referred, made lot following HKPOIIT: The, Committee on Foreign Jlffttlr*, to whom hat hem referred a memth rial oj the Hoard of Health of the city of New York, on the subject of thr ditiau fenmm a* Indian or Asiatic Cholera, have had the »am§ under conaiderfition, and report: Tho memorialists, after giving a nnrrntivc. of the progress of this extraordinary Kourgc, from its origin to its recent exhibition in some of the portions of Europe with which the United States have large commercial intercourse, call tHe attention of Congress to the •< subject, as one peculiarly of a national character," anil "in relation to which the powers of no one city or State) arc sufficient to nflorrl a remedy." They suggest that "Congress "ho" Id, * without delay, constitute a sanatory commission, who.™ duty it should be, either to send some of their own members, or others, to the parts of Europe and Asia, where the diiease now prevails, and to collect all the facts relnting to the means of preventing, and remedies to bo oppjied to it. The committee, duly estimating the peculiar malignity of the malady in question, arid deeply aware of the duty of providing every precaution which may appear demanded by even the remotest occasion, are unable, nevertheless, to adopt the opinion of tho memorialists, as regards the establishment. of tho commission they recommend. The necessity for enquiry abroad, would seem precluded by the commissions to wh»l| the memorial refers, set on foot by nearly all the important European powers, under circumstances more favorable to an instructive result, than could belong to any inquiries instituted from this country. The information collected in these authoritative sources, will be of easy resort, if not public notoriety; and procurable with more advantage, through the diplomatic and consular agencies of the Government, diffused generally, than by the organ of a special commission. Ihe committee do not the less concur in the policy of exploring all accessible avenues of information, and of making provision to give the fullest effects to its results. The primary step in such a proceeding would have relation to the establishment of adequate regulations of quarantine. Regulations of this character have been left heretofore, to the cognizance of State authority. There can be no question, however, of their appertaining to the Federal authority, as involved in its control over commerce, should occasion be regarded as demanding them to a larger extent, or of greater efficacy, than State regulation can supply. This occasion, the committee think with the memorialists, will bo presented, in the event of farther developments demonstrate \ I ins the »d? isability of precaution nnnin.it the cholera. As the mipcrviftioii of nuttier* relating to cnrnmnfflc, in confided, however, to n diffintflf organ of the Hoiira than thcm*fllve,«. (ho committee have deemed it. their duty to ask that they bn discharged from the further rnruidrrntion of the memorial, and that the nmnn he referred to the Committee on Commerce. Dr.r ARTMtfiT or State, Wa«iiin«toi», Ifi/A January, 1833. Mm: In reply to your letter, rereived this day, I Imvo to state thai this deportment possesses no other official information in relntion to the Asiatic rholcra, than that contained in the accompany ing report to the British House of Commons, nnd such as is derived from English newspapers; a few number sof which, recently received, I also cnclofft In Iho u (Jlohe" of this day, will ho found the last, statement made, by tho surgeon of the infirmary at Sunderland, wherr it fir«t ippetrtd, and continues to rage; but it is understood that the fullest, account of that di.Hcnse, as yet published, is that in the last number of the (London) (Quarterly Review. Possessing but onn copy of the report to the House of Commons, and, the flßvspapern herewith sent, appertaining to the regular files of the department, I will thank you, after having examined them, to cause their being returned. I am, sir, very respectfully, Your obedient MTVttL William S. Ahcher, EDWARD LIVINGSTON. Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. *. Return to an addrrts to hi* Majesty, dated 24th June, 1831, fur copies or extracts of alt information or opinions communicated to Gorernmerit, relating to the nature and extent of any infrcfious disease prevailing in the eastern parts of Europe, and to the precautions recommended to prevent the introduction of such diseases info this country; also, a return of (he names of persons appointed as a Board of Health to consider of the measures proper to he adopted to watch the nature of such disease. Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed 21th June, 1831. l List. 1. Letter from 0. C. Greville, eaq., to Dr. Walker at St. Petersburg, 14th January, 1831. ° 2. First report from Dr. Walker, dated Moscow, T « March, 1831. 3. Second report from Dr. Walker, dated Sr. Petersburg, .«| April, 1831. 4. Report from Dr. A I hers, a Prussian physician, Moscow', *• March, 1831 ! 5. Report from Sir Win. Crichton, physician in ordinary to the Emperor of Russia. «. Report from the Committee of Health established at Moscow, by order of his Majesty the Emperor. 7. Letter from Thos. Cope, esq., to W. L. Bathurst, esq., May 13, 1831. 8. Letter from Sir Wm. Pym to the clerk of the Council, June 7, 1831 9. Letter from Sir H. Halford, Bart., to C. C. Greville, esq., June 9, IS3L 10. Opinion of Sir H. Halford, Bart., and other physicians, on the nature and symptoms of the, cholera. 11. Letter from C. C. Greville, esq., to Sir H. Halford, Bart., June, 1 3, 1831, 2 [ Rep. No. 998. J *. j rl tf. Lrtler from Sir H. Hnlford, Hnrt. , to O« C. Oroville, e«q. , June 1 3, 1 831 . 1.1. Kirnt report of Ihn College of Phynioinns, Juno lfl, IBHI. 14. letter from C. C, Grcville, ttq., to Sir If. Hnlford, Hurt, June 10, 1831. 13. Second rtpoft of the GolMgl of Physicians, June 18, 1851. 10. Lift (if nrtirltfirfoired fo in Mr. Orcville'n letter to Sir H. Halford, Dart., June Hi. 1831. 17. Letter frum C. C. Orcvillc, esq., to Sir 11. Ilwlford, Hart., June 18,1831. 18. Letter from C. C. OrcviHe, e«q., to the right Hon. T. Spring Rice, June 18, 18.11. 10. Letter from C. C. Grevillc, csq.,lo \)\o I (on. Cnpt. Elliott, June 18,1831. E. Names of the Physicians and others composing the Honrd of Health. . InstructioDS for the Hoard of Health. • . First report of the Hoard Health, June BSd, 1831. 23. Extract of n letter from Mr. Hay ley, noting consul nt Si. Petersburg, to thn Foreign Office, (with inclosurc,) June 8, 1831. Copies or extracts of till information communicated to his Majnty's Government relative. to the Cholera Morhm, and name* of persona ap- pointed as a Hoard of Health. I, Utter from C. C. Grcville, Esq., to Dr. Wulkcr, at St. Petersburg, to inquire into the nature and symptoms of the disease in the liuxsian dominions. Council Office, White ham., \4th January, 1831. Sir: lam directed by tho Lords of his Majesty's most honorable Privy Council, to inform you, thnt in consequence of the continued prevalence of the disorder known under the name of cholera morbus, in different parts of the Russian Empire, and the apprehension stated to exist of its probable appearance in the spring;, (even if abated in the winter season,) their Lordships arc anxious to obtain the most correct information as to the characteristic symptoms of that disease; and, as far as can be ascertained, the causes which have contributed to it, and the remedies found tq be most efficacious for its alleviation or its cure. From the circumstance of your actual residence in the country, your professional character and experience, and your knowledge of the language, their Lordships have cast their eyes upon you as the tion most competent to aflord such information as may enable them to le the necessary, precautionary regulations, with regard to vessels arrivin future, from port? in the Russian dominions; and I am directed by r Lordships to propose to you to undertake this inquiry. The Lords Commissioners of his Majesty's Treasury, will, In the event of your undertaking a duty, which, however arduous, must be interesting to you, both on professional and public grounds, remunerate you for your travelling and other expenses incurred in its discharge; and Lord Heytesbury is instructed to make any previous arrangements with you which may be necessary on this head. In the event of your acquiescence, you will visit Moscow, and at your discretion, any other parts of the Russian Empire where the disorder has been more prevalent, and report to me, from time to time, for the information o o [ n Cp. No. aamplninl bttfl to the plagfctj to that whirh, under the MUM i..nnr, bus bftfl prevalent rornttly, in the lcrrtloi icn of the Eait indin Company; fiul to flic effort of climate, and oNMgM of ttfliptfl turc, in initiating or ii^ni voting it?» IJTBipIMM Mihiil/I you think it very doftftblf in this view, that any professional gtll* tlcman ihouM I" 1 joilld with yon, who him hndau o|i|iorl.iinity of pflrsonnlly obftrring the thancttf of iMf dlfOfdtf in tjie Kant Indioi, you will lobo DO time in communicating your opinion to jpie. I am, kc, C. C. (IUKVILLE. i. First report from Dr. Walker, on the Cholera, to C. C. Grevitle, Exq. MotOCWj March, 1831. Sir: I have the honor lo inform you, that I have heen hero now twelve days, and although the cholera mOfMM has almost ceased, yet I have had the opportunity of. seeing a few cases. 1 found ton in the hospitals, and fourteen froth Caaci have heen brought ill since, so that the disease cannot yet be considered ijiiite extinct; of these fourteen, however, I think it very doubtful that all were cases of cholera; 1 think ihree or four were very doubtful. The patfantl arr, generally, in Mich an advanced stage of the disease when they an brotlgllt to the hospitals, that, curative means have but little cflect, .'•yd more than half still fall victims. From whit 1 have seen myself, and from the universal tcs'imony of medical men here, I can have no hesitation inlaying that if is not the plague, or any complication with it; but that it is the true India cholera. The symptoms of the disease, and the appearances on dissection, are exactly the same as those described in the oHicial report* from the. medical boards of the three Presidencies in India, and by the various medical men who have written on the disease in that country. With respect to the other points of inquiry laid down in the instructions, I cannot, yei give any answer, the subject being involved in great difficulties, and a considerable diversity of opinion prevaling among medical men here. I may so far state, that by far the greater number of medical men arc disposed to think it not. contagious, but the different facts, for and against, have not yet hern sufficiently examined, in order to be able to form a decided opinion. Although I have been offered every assistance from the Government, and from the medical men here, yet I find the difficulties so great attending the inquiry into the different facts which relate to the other point of inquiry, (the progress of the disease) and which are almost all from other places, the immense extent of Moscow having perhaps been too great an obstacle to their being observed here, that, as in the instructions it was left to my discretion, I find it absolutely necessary to pass farther on, and to endeavor to trace myself, part of the progress, and to examine on the spot, into various facts which have been generally reported, and which, if found correct, would go far to settle the question of the contagious or non-contagious nature of the disease. I propose then to go on to Nishnie Novgorod, on the Wolga, and perhaps to Caran; and thence, to return up the YVolga, to Kostrama, Jaros- Jaw, to Vologda, the most northern point at which the disease has yet arriv•di I Hep. No. 220. ] 5 md where it Ippfltlfd about tho Ist Octob«f| tlmn to Kybituk, on thj Wolga again, h.i tho disease kunt Itl OOUrM elm lly llofig thil river. And ' shall rmliMVdr ftlfOi to visit. Tikhvin, in tin- yMftfltßWrt of Novgorod, iln in Micflt point to Si. Petersburg tbnl tiic disease appeared, (253 vcrstg.) Hy following this plan, I shall be much more likely to ascertain the huhlci of its progress through the country, than by remaining here; where there are either 119 accounts nt all from those .plnrcs, or only of such a nature nn to require further investigation. Inm happy to have my opinion supported by that ol' Or. A I hers, a physican sent willi three others, by the Prussian (loveinmcnt, to investigate the nature of the disease, with almost the sume instructions as those which I have had tho honor to receive. He proposes to pass down the Wain from .N i>lwiir Novgorod to Astrachaji, making in his progress the same investigations which I propose making 11/t the river. He has been kind enough to promise to communicate to me all his observations, and I have also promised to do kkf same on my side, which I hnve no doubt you will not disapprove, as we are both engaged in a common cause of such import* once; and from what. I havu seen of him here. I urn .satisfied that I can rely upon the fidelity of his observations, and that, ho will take nothing for granted, but will investigate it thoroughly. There- lit also hero two physicians sent by the Austrian Government lor thfl Mime, purpose. I am afraid, that, from the season of the year, I ahull bo delayed by tho breaking up of the winter roads, and of the ico on the rivers; but even with that, I suppose I shall not be much longer than if, after staying some time longer here, i returned direct to St. Petersburg, as there is still v quarantine of fourteen days on the road. 1 may repeat again, that both the authorities and medical men arc disposed to give me every assistance. I have, &c, THO. WALKER. i ? 3, Second report from Dr. Walker ', on the Cholera, to C. C. Greville, Esq. St. I'ktkusismk., £*. Aprils 1831. Sir: I had the honor to report to you from Moscow, for the in(prmatiou of the Lords of his Majesty's most honorable Privy Council, upon two of the points respecting the disease prevailing in this empire, and stated my conviction that it was not the plague, but the same disease with the cholera morbus that had ravaged the territories of the East India Company. I also lited, that I deemed it absolutely necessary, for the purpose of procuring rtlicr information on the other points laid down in my instructions, that 1 ould proceed further than Moscow. I was afterwards induced to change c plan detailed, in so far as not to go to Nishnie Novgorod, as I fouud, 3iw inquiries which 1 was afterwaitls anle to make "at Moscow, that I was »t likely to get any information there worth the great delay which, from v season of the year, I must incur by going there. As the disease appear-1 to be at an end at -Moscow, and as various oflicial documents which I had quired for assisting me in the duty entrusted to me, could not be ready under !o or three weeks, 1 determined therefore to set out immediately for Jaroslaw iicp. No. aae. ] 6 .mil Hit rMI of Ihr pher* which f hnd mentioned in my letter, Mint I minni rfl to visit, f w;t* evisivcly dcl.iyrd by ihr btdflMl of thn roiids, hnving bftfly for inshn. i , ii' ri> ifal MMM* in going Ihi IflK atngo of not quit? fifteen miles from Mo^nnv, On my nrriv.il at .fnroslaw, I found flint tho disease hud already fund in the town of Vologda; mid t lint , with tho budncwi ?if the road!", and MM certain quarantine, nnd perhnp* two, I should ho detainer! much beyond flm time I wan, by my arrangement wilh Lord Iloyksbury, warrant™? |o employ, and I therefore gave up my intention of gohg to Vologda, and proceeded along tho VaJ^h and rond by which tho disoaso approached St. Petersburg last year. Tho roads were in sur.h a M)Ofklp| state that I could travel only very slowly, and being detained iftM four ilnyx by fhn breaking up of tho ice on tho rivom, I was thirteen days in coming from Jaroslaw, a distance which, cither in winter or summer, (even with the halts necessary for my inquiries,) would not have required nhovc half that time. I was exactly seven weeks absent from .St.. Petersburg. I hasten to communicate the results of my own observations, and of the in- Itirrmtion which 1 have been able to collect from others respecting that most important, point, the contagious or non-contagious uaturoof the disease. In Moscow, by far tho greater part of the medical men are of opinion that the disease is not contagious, but produced by some peculiar state of the atmosphere, not cognizable by cither our senses or by instruments: that this was proved by almost every person in tho city feeling, during tho time, some inconvenienco or other, which wanted only the exciting cause of catching cold, or of some irregularity in diet, to bring on cholera; that very lew of those immediately about, the patients were taken ill. That persons had put on the clothes of patients who were very ill or had died of cholera, had lain in their beds, or even alongside of corpses, htd bathed in the snmu water where very bad cholera patients had been bathed just before, and that none of these persons were taken ill. That a strict investigation had been made into w^at were reckoned the first four cases occurring in Moscow, and that it was proved that they had neither themselves been in any infected place, nor had communication with any one coming from such a place. I confess, however, I am not quite satisfied with this, because, Ist. In n place of such an extent as Moscow, every one can conceive it perfectly possible that there may have been cases before these without it being known; and I have the certainty myself of its being possible, for it occurred to me while 1 was there, to know of four cases that had never been reported to the police, nor seen by a medical man. 2d, One of the four cases had only a few days arrived from Simbirsk, so that he might have brought the seeds of the disease with him, because the disease was in the district of Simbirsk in the end of August, and he died in Moscow, 1 think, on the 16th of September. 3d. This investigation was not made by medical men, but through the poiice, which I do not reckon the proper method, as the people are so afraid of them, that it ia next to impossible to get at the truth. I am also not quite satisfied that there were so few of the attendants in the hospitals taken ill, for I have a printed statement (or rather a copy of it) of one hospital, and oral information of two others, in which the attendants were taken ill in a far greater proportion than out of hospital. I had, of course, immediately on my arrival in Moscow, requested such a statement of each hospital, and as all the cholerq hospitals, except two, had already f )e.en shut up some time, I expected it would have been furnished immediatei\. [ lisp. No. aao, ] 7 tti 1 found tliut nil Iho tncdirnl gnillrnirn cxnrcasml, and indeed showed the utmost rend i now to comiminicnto every information, and a statement wan already printed uftho patients in ench hospital, but in which thnt most [nportaol point, of the number ef attendunts. takon ill, vvbk not attended to. Not ha* iifjvfed it after repeated application*, f had it mentioned three days I" h>i. I It'll Moscow, to the Governor, Prince Dirnilri Unllitzin, who, in my |.i '•••' ¦'!<¦( . «!<¦¦ in il the Secretary of the Medical Council to write to thn different gentlemen, that he .ordered it to be furnished without delay. It is now four week* since I left Moscow, mid J have not yet received it, so that t am not able to adduce the experience in the hospitals an in favor of eithor opinion, nnd began to fear that nccuritti! lOCOUntI mny not hnve been kept of (AOM NMt. Still nil these gentlemen (the auticont'ngionists) acknowledge that wUcrc a number of cholera patient* arc collected together, it is perfectly possible that, the disease, like some others, mny become contagion*. I did not lenrn thnt. the contngionist* in Moscow had any strong particular instance* to prove the communication of the disease from one individual to another. Indeed, ono gentleman confessed to me, that he himself hnving been so strongly convinced of the contagious nature of the disease, he sunposed it wns not doubted by any one, ami therefore never thought of searching out and establishing the facts which could prove thnt the opinion wns founded on undoubted facts. One gentleman, who wns the inspector of the hospital, of which I hnve a copy of tho printed stntemnnt as abovementioncd, wns at first a non-con tagionist, but found himself forced to ndupt thn opposite opinion, because so many of the attendant* nt tho hospital under his superintendence were attacked with the disease, i Jn the rest of my journey, however, at Jaroslnw, Minsk, Mologa, Ustuskno, Sominn, Titzvin, through all which places the disease mnde its approaches towards St. Petersburg, and where, from the small extent of the field of observation, every case came more under immediate inspection, 1 found every where the medical men and others convinced that the disease was brought to them somehow or other by the boats which came up the Volga from Nishnie Novgorod, and other places where the disease hnd been; they said that the first attacked with the disease wcro always boatman, nnd it wns only afterwards that the disease appeared among the towns people, Only at Jaroslaw it vyns doubtful whether the first was not a merchant, who had been to the fair at Nishnie; but after the diseaso got into a town, that it' could not be traced from one to another, and that very often, perhaps most frequently, only one in a family, while, in others, every one was attacked with it. Combining this with its slow and gradual progress from Astrnchan, (whither one party considered it proved that it was brought by a vessel from Saliany, which the other party deny,) along the great lines of water communication, I think it more than probable that it is carried along by men somehow or other, although it has not been ascertained in what way. It has been aleged that it follows the tracts of rircrs, not because it is carried by people oing along them, but because the miasmi, or whatever it is that predispoes to, and excites the disease, has a great affinity for humidity. But if this were the case, it should go along all rivers and streams, whereas I believe it bllows only those where there is navigation; and it also would not proceed long the great roads, as vve'are assured it does, moro than along others which re less frequented. The question is a very diflicult one, and the diseaso las manifested the same caprices in its progress in Russia that it showed in ndin. missing occasionally places that lie directly in its apparent route, and [ l?rp. No. «2fl. ] 8 nnf ntlncking UMm till MMM 'mi niter; iiltiirking Homelime* the high Nil mil •dhotlftf in lOWflfj bttl in. -rr lrri|u»Millv tin' loWtl out*. With rtfptOl t" IN pOUJblllty nl tlio diwnno lining rommuuicnlnd b) clothoM or flood*, M <';is-< htVf U yet OOltll I" my kMWltda Mlffialtnl lii provn it. i have hrnrd of snvrrnl laftMMf brought forward in support of thl opinion, but fhry nrr not fair OtlM| P« in nil of Ilium flic person* hud •ilhtff come from pltfOJ whffl ihi dilftfl was, or it was ilrtMJ |»nvidenf in the plnrr where fh'\\ W9H living. Ami by f.ir irM most gonprnl opinion, oven among thf tontigioalftlj is, dial it is only through the medium nftho body thnt if in propagated. So that Ihi refill of wlml Infti RMtian I have been ablo an yvt to collcml 01 the Miltjcrt, \<, thiit I Irt'licvd ItU Mpiblt of btittg conveyed from OM place lonnotficr by mcn,nllhonnhit nmnot In- c.on«iidori;d completely proven; vyhile, .ilihoitgh' tbcro is not evidence ittffieitnl to prove its communication by ' lotlir.tor fOOdfj ¦¦'till we ennnot nay that it is impossible. See postscript. I hnvo mentioned to *evur:d an experiment suggested by Sir William I'sin. viz. that condemned felons should ho induced, by n promise of pardon, to put on lilt olothtf| nnd use the bedding of persons who hiwl died of rholera, while everything should be nrninged ao us rather to favor the action of contagion. Hut, I have not found any person willing to propose it here, where beside*, there is the great objection thut there is no capital punishment. Although it docs not admit oflcg.il proof, yet there is no doubt that, from the great difficulty, or indeed impossibility, of keeping qtlimtyUna strictly in such a great extent of country as that where the disease prevailed last summer and autumn, numbers of persons nnd quantities of goods from infected places, evaded the quarantines, and came even to this city, but fortunately without bringing the disease I may state that also the Prussian and Austrian medical gentlemen, who have been sent here by their respective Governments, have adopted the same opinion with myself; the Austriiins could speak more decidedly, as they had seen a good deal of the disease in the southern provinces, before they came to Moscow. Although such is my opinion, yet I should not conceive it necessary to have any quarantine for vessels arriving in England from Russia, unless the disease prevailed at the place of loading, or in the neighborhood, and even then, perhaps, only in the event of any person on board having had the disease during the passage: For, although there arc not as yet any observations regarding the length of time that the disease may lie dormant in the system, the general opinion is, that it does not probably exceed fourteen days, and, therefore, there would lie little or no risk in admitting a vessel that had been at least fourteen days oirher passage, without having any sick on board. Persons, however, might get in a considerably shorter time from here to England, by the steamboat 10 Lubeck, if there should not be any quarantine there. All sorts of goods, except tallow and linen, are, I am told, opened out in the most complete manner here, and handled for the purpose of being bracked, so that if they could -communicate the disease, they would, in all probability, do it here before they could be sent abroad. Witn respect to the present state of the disease, it still prevails in thesouthern and western frontiers. A few cases, eight or nine, occurred in Moscow after I left that city; and, 1 should not be at all surprised, if a case occur still now and then for name time. Whether it will again incriMt with thf wjirm weuthcr, i* » complete conjecture, as there ire no data to form in opinion about it; hut there ititill a fort of Apprehension, of which people cnrinat entirely divest themselves. I found that five canet (and all fatal) hail occurred in the town of Ustuskna, 400 vcrst* from hence, in the coiirte of the ten days just before my patting through; that i* f from the lfftH to the 99th March; hut I h«ve not been able to learn whether any caaea h»v« occurred aince. That, I believe, i§ the nearest point at which it hat been nince the autumn. Aa the government of Vologda, where the disease han prevailed to a conaiderablc degree not long ago, haa more direct communication I bdieve with Archangel than with this place, it in m>t improbable, I think, thiit, if the disease still spreads, it will get there before it come* here. With respect to the progreaa, nature, treatment, ke. of the disease . 1 ttm busy collecting materials for a complete statement, which I shall lose no time in forwarding to you when ready, for the information of their Lordships. 1 have, ke. THOB. WALKER. I'orrsc mm-. — I find the expressions I have made use of here, have appeared to others not to convey quite the meaning 1 myself attach to them. I intended to say that I myself am convinced of the contagious nature of the disease, but that the proofs of its transmission from one individual to another, arc not quite perfect as yet; and, believing so, I cannot, of course, be without sqme apprehension that it may also be conveyed by clothes and other articles, which have been in more immediate contact with the sick, although the proofs of this, are, aa yet, still more defective. It in a disease sui generis, and must have its own laws as well as the plague, typhus fever, and other contagious or infectious disorders; but these laws we do not yet sufficiently know. Its attacks seem to be favored by depressing passions, especially fear of the disease, great fatigue, low, bad living, bad air in crowded, dirty dwellings, drunkenness. I have been informed that in Austrian Gullicia, where it had made its appearance, a better diet furnished to the lower orders at the expense of the Government, seems to have contributed as much as any other measure, to prevent the spreading of the disease. t of Dr. Jllbers, a Prussian physician, on the Cholera Morbtis, dated Moscow, f j March, 1831. lorbus, by the holers, imporyet the Lr nnnn Dr. Albcrs, a Prussian Physician, at the head of a commission sent Prussian Government to Moscow, to ascertain the nature of the Cl under date of March | T , 1831, writes as follows: In the nature of the distemper, and the question which is so very importo us, in how far the cholera is contagious, there prevails as yet the itest diversity of opinions. Under the supposition, which we look upon rronoous, that this question is to be decided on the facts hitherto known, eh are connected with the nature of recorded infections, two partier i formed themselves, those of the conlagionists and anti-contagionists, former particularly among the authorities and physicians of St. Peters- 2 f [ Rep. No. 32*. ] [ lirp. No. aae. ] 10 l/nrg, and the latter Among tho fioultv mul Inhabitant* or Moscow, who, almost all ill them, strenuously muininin thru cholern is not eoniflgiou* EhMh piirtim cite facts which aro met with point, hlnnk contridldloni by the opposite party, whence the uprejudirrd inquirer finds it n« yet Impoifibll IC form ;i conclusive" judgment. Tho vastness of the empire, tho very unfttif« factory manner of tho few report* sent in, thn uncertainty of dipOMtlortff Influencod frequently by personal motive*, nnd the almoit totally Inttfrupfcd correspondence by letter*, nfli-r no numy obstacle* to inquiry, that, ov n with tne bnut intention, it i* often only possible in part to overcome tlu n. When the cholera first ranched Moscow, till the physicians of this lily were persuaded of in COntHgioui nature, hut thn OVpfntOCf gained in Iho mm sr of the epidemic, htm produced nn entirely opposite conviction. They found, that it was impossible, for any length of limn completely to isolate iuch a city as Moscow, continuing 300,000 inhabitants, and having a circumterence of nearly seven miles, (verst*?) nnd perceived daily the frequent frustration* of the measures adopted. During the epidemic, it is certain (tint about »'),(»' o inhabitants quitted Moscow, of whom a large number never trfonned qiiiimntino; and notwithstanding thif fact, no cunt i$ on record the cholera having bttn transferred from Moscow to other placet; d, it is equally certain, that, in no situation nppointed for quarantine, \y case of cholera has occurred, Thai the distemper is not contagious, » been yet more uscerliuned by the experience gathered in this city. In many houses it happened thai one individual attacked by cholera was attended indiscriminately by .ill the relatives, nml yet did tho disease not spread to any of the inmates It wus finally found, that not only the iuir»cs continufl free of the distemper, but also tlu! they promiscuously attended tho sick amber, and visited their friends, without, in the least, communicuting the sea»e. There are even cases fully authenticated, that nurses, to quiet timid males laboring under cholera, have shared their beds, during the nights, d that they, notwithstanding, have escaped uninjured in the same manner physicians in hospitals have, without any bnd consequences, made use of c warm water used a moment before by cholera patients for bathing. kTlie.se, and numerous other examples, which, during the epidemic, (wr ght, pcrhup?, to call it endemic,) became known to every inhabitant of om'ow, have confirmed the conviction of the non-infectious nature of the lease, a conviction in which their personal safety was so much interested. It is also highly worthy of observation, that all those who stand up for contagion, have not witnessed the cholera, which is therefore especially objected to their opinion by their opponents. But in the very difference of the conviction ot tboMC who have to combat the violence of the distemper, and are likely to be more impressed by the facts, and of the conviction of such persons as can observe only at a distance, and are therefore more unbiassed judges of the results, will perhaps be found materials for the solution of a question so much controverted. The same was the case on occasion of the question relative to the yellow fever. It was only after a calm examination of all thq results, that it became possible to refute the error of those physicians who had collected their experience during their daily and fearless intercourse with the distemper, and had arrived at the conviction of its non-contagious nature. the instance of the cholera, the question becomes more difficult of doion; because if the cholera be at all contagious, of which I myself am not. abtful, in spite of all that is maintained here, such contagion differs from the nutuffi of Ail known contagions, wntl worn* to approach nearest to Chut, of thu typhus. With whnlfvci ohMinnry the rorractiiPNn of the facts in dm* ¦ttttO •»>' theanli-contn^ionintfi* it Mill npprnr* highly probable, th»t ihonhnlern may ho communicjitrd by person* pmrui ding from on« place to nno* ili»r f .-i'i'l mnv lay iln- (Vutnrlfitlon of afresh epidemic, if eircumiuaneeK favor thf sommutitoition If. >•* nrr.'iilv to In- InmenUui, (hat neither of the contending parttc** is able to produce such authentic doCUlTierttl and to Ml on foot stirh investigation* on the spot, an would lilenot every contradiction; for, an the itale of Iho question now in, we mtiNt he satisfied with prohnbilitioi. Only one point seems to he completely mndu out by tofltimonie* innumernble: namely, that tltcrholern is not romniunicnir:d by nrticlas of morcandize, or by qny innnim.itn objects. Thi* principle, ••••< I hnvc already had Mm honor of report ing'sometimn u^o. hn.i been adop'ud hy the public au> tli-iritifs of St, Petersburg, niul Ixicn acted upon now for nearly threo months, without any sinister conncquence having ensued. Tho only qunr- IflllM I'Muhlishment still kept up, is between Moscow and St. Potcmburahj every traveller, after stnying there for ti fortnight, may proceed without lur- Ibtf detention; all mcrnnntile commodities and eilects pttsit without being stopped. On our journey hither, we met many thousands of sledges loaded with goods, going from Moscow to St. Petersburgh. As the rates pit id for carringes nrc extremely reasonable, nny stoppage in their conveyance would prejudice the merchant; hence the enrriors, as 1 mys If saw. proceed no fur* •In t than the harriers of the establishment, and remain there, .»s far as their persons are concerned, and their sledges alone pas* through, which being met on the other side by their partners or servants, are taken » without hindrance. The result of my own daily experience, therefore, fectly agrees with the above stated principle; namely, notwithstanding my inquiries, / hnvc met. with no instance which could rentier it at al( prohubk, that the cholera it disseminated hy inanimate objects. 5. Report from Sir IVilliam Crichton, On the progress oj the Ohotera~Jl& account of the introduction and progress of the (Jholera Morbus in Jtuirta, to the end of the year 1830, exhibiting the principal fact.* which strengthen the belief of its being a contagious disorder, extracted from a memorial presented to the Medical Council of St. Pet>rS' burg, by Sir William Crichtoh, physician in ordinary to the Em- peror of Russia, 4*c Itror of Russia, fyc. i the spring of the year 1830, the first authentic account?,^ the chole^a^ bus haying appeared in Persia, were received by the medical council^ t. Petersburg. It spread itself from the province of Corasan to Tabrez, residence of Abbas Mirza. where it made ereat havoc. A number of Ii the spring of the year 1830, the first authentic accounts^of the cholBi| bus having appeared in Persia, were received by the medical council t. Petersburg. It spread itself from the province of Corasan to Tabr'ez, residence of Abbas Mirza, where it made great havoc. A number of Russian mission to that prince fell a sacrifice to it, and Prince Dolgorouky, the Russian minister at the same court, was saved with great difficulty, from a serious attack of it. In the beginning of July, the disease penetrated the Russian provinces of Schirvan and Bakon, from whench it spread by land a« far swTiftis, and by. »r from the port of Bakon to Afitrathnn. t » [ Ron. No. QQ«. 1 [ Hf-p. No! tffffjt 12 ft hrokfl mil hi th#»wi two Iml mnntUiwA town* nmrSy »t »b« isrm* flint; ili.it it to m), on thw Uftflt of .Idly, It tipper* from fhti iwmtmif* w»? hffl received (hat neither nf Tifllis Mr «f /Wridmtn, mi y prw/MfiotM wore i*l<\ ar v.'lrl of .Inly, lit Kriturnoyiir the of th« muim month, tit T/.irif/Mi thl 'iih of Anoint, lit Donhook/i mid Mtfttofflltl 7th, nt Khon» lin;»U the 1 Oth, nt lifiinnrd md Nnigni Nnvogoio'l the iVlh, »t KoflfOOll IM 3d of Srpfcmlwr, nt /nrn«•-lievc in its hnvingvinitcd them, conncquently no exact informntion was then taken of those who were attacked with it. There is, ho vever, reason to believe that the first victim wns a student, who had leave of absence from Sara toll", and whose servant died on the road thence to Moscow. Iy Symptoms of the Disease. General uneasiness; violent headache and giddiness; great langounopprcs:>u at the chest; pain at the pit of the stomach and at the sides; a very eak pulse, and frequent vomitings, first of undigested food, and then of a atery fluid mixed with phlegm; frequent purging; severe pains, which make the patient roll about and scream; cessation, or very scanty secretion of urine; excessive thirst; cramp in the legs, beginning at the toes, and by degrees reaching the body; voice feeble and hoarse; the eyes dull and sunk in the head; the features changed, and like those of a corpse; coldness; contraction Ind felueish tinge of the extremities; a coldnesf over the ( whole body; - (N UjW nut) lon^if Urrnwt* l.lii*-; a fold find fllammy paraplratlon. Th« n| iftd pnff^lng won «*h«n§l ih»« Mfrnn^fh of (he pfiticiiit. Thn ipannif hf^'oftif gft*ttr| Httt6k\ns4 wirr^Mivftly, (hi mofl viful partu, Th« pulMi Hi'- Nflnfinj( of Ihfl bri'flAi beenmM foffffl/ wn«ible. ami the patient, afirf hftvif»n (HifTcind fhn ffio^f hoffjMd innvty n\ntn, lift! quietly, having ft In* fnifitKf^ nMr jii«t bfiforn fiin *inir ;inil warm water baths, warm drinks, aromatic and stimulent frictions, ira applied with n good deal of success. At Moscow, where there are /eral physicians of various nations, many different modes of cure were of urse tried; but the diaphoretic method was that most generally preferred. ir information respecting the differences of practice in Moscow, is not Ificiently complete, to enable us to decide which has been the best- Deled reports are cqally wanting from Neigni Novogorod, Kusan, Kostrama, The mortality has been great, the deaths almost every where exceeding the number cured; but this circumstance ma> be accounted for, Ist. By (he novelty of the case: 2d. By the rapidity with which it overran the districts, of till Uiimiiiii ohanclof, from which ftfIUMJ m«Mt of tho invalid* did not apply Inr lUOOOr nil UM IttO* Mmm (^ Phvtntton, rmniilrriug Ihc rnntnginu* nnlurn of Hie ditCAfe, ond the rapidity with which it spreads, ihr Unvernnvnt, At 'tbft recommendation of tho medical eaunoilf ordered quarantine! ti> bo formed on the I'rontiur* of every province Ki.uiitiii tin' di.tniw raged; and afterwards entirely to surround nil place* W^Hf existed. After tho experience of Ihr epidemic in 1H2% thn medionl council found thnt n quarantine from fourteen to twenty one day* wm vifliiMi-nt to itoortllt) the state of health of any person coming from an infected plnce, instead of confining him six week*, us in the otM of iho plague. During tho whole course of the yean I?-"' nnd IB.'H), there ;* ; * not a singlo inltanoi that enn lie relied on of the contagion being communicated by article* of drcM or furniture, &c. Fumigation!* mndc with chlorine!", were generally employed ns means oj disinfection, hut experience docs not justify us in Bpcaking positively as to their cfllency. The number of pa-suns attacked dnily hy the cholera at Moscow, while at itd height, v.m f z\>\\ while at present ((Jth January, 1831) there are only from .mix to eight new cases daily. The disease has wholly ceasud at Kostroma, Neigni Novogorod, Saratofl', ttnd Astrachnn. It has broken out at NicoluefTsince the arrival of an infected vessel, and has now made its way into the governments of ChtMOl), Kiefl", Podolia and Volhynia, but as strict measures wrrr adopted to stop ijs progress, its ravages havo not Ijcen very great. The dineasc, however, still exists, and although the number attacked by it is not great, yet the mortality m proportionably the same as it has been in other districts. 6. Report on the Cholera Morhus, discussed nnd agreed to in the Extraordinary Committee established at Moscow h\j order of his Majesty the Emperor. An extraordinary committee, composed of the most eminent public officers, has been established at Moscow, by order of his Imperial Majesty, for the purpoge of discussing the expediency of a general purification of all merchandize in Moscow after the cessation of tho cholera morbus in that capital. The committee, in consequence, proposed the following question to the members of the provisional medical council: — Can goods or merchandize communicate the cholera morbus? and in case of an answer in the affirmative, what is the degree of the intensity of the contagious principle? The result of the examination of the opinions of the twenty-four members of the council is, that three of them admit, it is true, the possibility of contagion by means of goods and merchandize, but under certain conditions; eighteen entirely reject it. One member admits it, but, from the experiments which he has made, he does not think fumigation necessary« Another member recommends the adoption of this measure, but only for the purpose of tranquillizing men's minds. Finally, another declares that he known no fact which proves the communication of the cholera morhu§ thmiigh tli thinks, however, f hat it will be useful to apply fumigation 10 some kind* of merchandize, guah nn H»»ih, by employing chlorate of lime, ntiil merely to expose nil other goods to the air. Tho committee having given to the exfrtlnnflon of thin lUbjed till ilic attention which the importance of the question* demanded. ;md winch the order! with which they were honored by hi* Imprrhl Majesty enjoined them, huve unanimously come lo the following conclusin l«t, The quarantine Adulation! relative to the purification* of and merchandize have been esttibii.il.ed norn oiwer vat ions made on I lift plague; they hive therafoff been adopted, under the present cirffiimstanc*,'«, chtiroljr by conjecture. Nevertheless, it ww impossible to avoid idopting them* reg'ul.itiuns as long us tho contagious influence of the eh ' tnorbun, and the humus by which it spreads itself* were not yet determined by accurate observations. It is tif-res.sury, then, to rcpliice these ancient regulations by others more appropriate to the new disease, and r/Jally founded upon 9d. It has not hitherto been possible to collect in any place in the empire so many accurutu observations on the cholera inorbun, nor to unite on one spot so many able physiciuna, ns at Moscow, where, during the three last months, more than 7,500 sick were treated by the core of the provisional medical council* and 52 bodies dissected. It is only, then, in thin capital that the examination of alTthu opinions pronounced on the cholera mofbtts 1 — opinions hitherto conjectural, contradictory, and founded on a smull number of equivocal or ill observed facts— can be proceeded in with the best chance of 'uticcess. 3d. Although the members of the provisional medical council have not pronounced an unanimous opinion relative to the communication of the cholera morbus by means of goods and merchandize, nevertheless the majority at least, pronounced agiunpt this hypothesis, and the opinions of the minority destroy themselves. They oiler many contradictions, and do not correspond with known facts. For example, a member advances, '• that the virus of the disease (virus morbifujuc) of the cholera morbus is not so subtle as that of the plague;" ho then adds, " that it is proved by a great number of examples, that persons in health have been attacked by the epidemy, from having made use of beds or clothes which had belonged to victims of the cholera. " In fine, he maintains, "that it is more by analogy than from positive experiments, that it may be aflirmed that goods which communicate the plaguo would equally communicate the cholera morbus." If this member merely founded his opinion on the analogy which he believes to exist between the plague and the cholera, it would follow, that he ought not to have mentioned the number of examples which he might have observed, even on the supposition that a physician who only treated 300 cases of cholera, may have been able to collect an infinite number of observations, < In fine, his assertion on the analogy between the cholera and the plague, is in contradiction with the diflercnce which he himself says ought to exist between the contagious principles of these two diseases. The second member who declares tho cholera morbus contagious, expresses himself in these terms: " This epidemic disease cannot arise either from a change of temperature or from the nature of the food, or from confined habitations, or from bad clothing;" while he subscqently refutes himself, by saying, " aged people, or fhosc who lead an irregular life, those who are subject to catch cold, or to [ flop. No. 920. j 16 atomach romplnintd, or, In Tino» who arc? not regular in their dint, an* more exposed than others to the action of the cholera morbiifi. " The third mnmbtroftho minority give* the following oxiimplu in support of hid convic* tion of flic possibility of the communication of the cholera morbus by good* nm! merchandize : "An individual who wn* suffering of i quinsy was attacked by rramp in his leg«, from having bathed his feet in a vr*s«l which had been used to empty the bath of a Choieritte." Siill, if in truth the cholera morbus IpfMol itaelf in thin manner, it ia not probable that such a ease should be or served but once; during the treatment of more than 7,K>O sick. It must then be concluded Hint the cramp wiw brought on by some other rjn»M! which has escaped the investigation of tht physician. 4th. On the contrary, the opinion of those who do not admit the po*«i-bility of contagion by menus of material objects, bal for its HJppOJi both the iajortty of voices and the scrupulous observance of facts. The member* of le medical council have boon convinced by their own experience, as oho »• the reports of the physicians of the hospitals, that, after being in frequent id even habitual communication with the nick, their own clothes have never immunicatt'd the disease to any one, even without employing means of j»u-ficotion. Convalescents huve continued to wciir clothes which they wurc (luring the disease, even furs, without having them purified, and they have never had a relapse. At the opening of bodies of persons who had died of the cholera, to the minute inspection of which four or five hours a day for nearly a month were devoted, neither those who attended at these operations, nor any of the assisting physicians, nor any of the attendants, caught the infection, although, with the exception of the first day, scarcely any precautions were used. Hut what appears wtill more conclusive, a physician who had received several wounds in separating the flesh, continued his operations, having only touched the injured parts with cauntic. A drunken invalid having also wounded himself, hnd an abscess, which doubtless showed the pernicious action of the dead flesh, but the cholera morbus did not attack him. In fine, foreign savans, such as Moreau dc Jonnes and Grovier, who have recognized, in various relations, the contagious nature of the cholera morbus, do not admit its propagation by means of goods and merchandize. sth. A member of the committee justly observes that the trade of Moscow, after having languished at the time the cholera morbus reigned there with all its force, recovered its activity in November, when the epidemy was becoming weak, and that since the first cold, there has been a considerable circulation of merchandize, as well of that manufactured at Moscow as imported into it. Moreover, if the germs of the contagion had been concealed, their action would have shown itself either in individual cases, or in the return of the ravages of the epidemy through the town, and in the increase of the number of victims. This not having taken place, it is conclut.-c that the disease does not spread itself through the medium of material jects. 6th. On the contrary supposition, the result would be, that since 1,500 of the 7,500 abovementioned sick were taken care of at home, and in consequence exempt from the active superintendence of the medical police, the articles (effects) with which their houses were furnished, and with which the sick were inconstant contact, would rather tend to spread the contagion than merchandize deposited in magazines which had not been touched by any one. It would become then much more necessary to purify effects shut up in every house in Moscow, than the merchandize. The almost total cessalion [ Rep. No. 220. ] 17 of tho rpidrmy evidently filiowt that no general contagion has taken place H< mtfftt of the above mentioned effect*, the puiificiiion of which would be, besides, very difficult and oven impracticable, ffftfl alter the plague, all the houses at Moscow were not purified, hut. only those in which tick won; known to have been, or of which the inhabitants were dead. I'll. I'Jvcn supposing that, which however id only conjecture, the cholera mortal Wti efioftlftlly proptglttd by BMfthtlM|lil brought from the fair of ISiziii .Novgorod, it would result on this merchandize has been spread not only in MofGOfV but as tarns St. Petersburg und n number of oiher towns. .'ii, il in urisif part distributed to the consumer, either that the contagion did not exist in the merchandize It MotfOW Rturo lii.iti nt St. Petersburg, or that it is necessary fo purify St Ptttftbtir£ nnd the other towns which havo received flic merchandize from the* fair of Ni/ui Novgorod, in the namn manner us the city of Moscow would bu purified. Bth. Hut even if, without attending either to the evidence of the proofs which establish the impossibility of contagion by merchandize, or to the want of accurate observations, which might serve to establish the contrary, it should be decided through excess of precaution to purify all the merchandize in Moscow, this measure would not be the less followed by consequences which demand all the attention of Government. The alteration of the colours, and of the lustre of the merchandize Would produce a sensible diminution in their value, and the loss of considerable capitals; trade would for a long time stand still, many establishments of industry would be ruined, and thousands, whose livelihood depends upon the manufactories, would be reduced to a frightful slate of misery. 9th. From these considerations the committee have concluded, in conformity with the order of his Majesty the Emperor, of the 25th of August last, that it is not necessary to subject the merchandize to fumigation in those places where the cholera morbus has existed. The report of thecommittee has been submitted, by supreme order, to the examination of the Council of Ministers, which has judged the conclusions to be founded upon evident facts, and has ordered them to be printed and transmitted to all the governments to tranquillize men's minds; which order has received the confirmation of his Majesty the Emperor. 7, Letter from the Secretary to the Russian Company to W. L. Baihurst, Esq. relative to the cleaning and assorting of Hemp , fyc. in the Ports of Russia, $c. Merchant Seamen's Office, Roital Exchange, 13th May, IS3I. Sir: With reference to your letter of the 10th inst. in which you desire to be acquainted whether any and what regulations are adopted at the different Russian ports, relative to the cleaning and assorting of hemp, flax, furs, feathers, or any other articles generally affected by quarantine regulations upon their arrival in this country, and whether the same regulations are in force at all the ports of Russia, from whence these articles are exported; I have to stale that tho articles ef hemp, flax, and hides, are unpacked in .1 the open air, and examined with a view of ascertaining the quality thereof previously to shipment, under the care of officers Appointed by the Russian Government: That every entry for goods exported is signed by an officer, who«c duty it is to select or brack these articles. Furs, feathers, and mat* aw examined by the shippers, and this practice prevails at all the Russian port* in tho Baltic and the White Sea. I have, etc. THO. COPE 8. Letter Jrnm Sir IV. Pt/m, to the Clerk of the Council, tuqgesiing immediate measure* against the introduction of the Cholera. LOMDO9, 7th June, 1831. Sri*: In consequence of the intelligence received this day, relative to tlir spread of cholera in Russia and Poland, but more particularly on account of its having touched the port of Riga, I have thought it my duty to state to you, for the information of the Lords of his Majesty's Council, my opinion It to the necessity of immediately having recourse to more decided measure!) against the introduction of the disease into the United Kingdom. With this view, I beg, Ist, to propose that the quarantine be imposed upon alt vessels coming from the Baltic, the llanseatic towns, and the ports of Mcckfobburg] 3d, that pilots and officers of customs be strictly ordered by the proper authorities to carry all vessels liable to quarantine, having clean bills of health, to the regularly appointed quarantine stations: 3d, that all vessel? having foul bills of health, or arriving without bills of health, from ports where cholera prevails, be ordered, by pilots and officers of customs, to proceed to Crnmarty Bay, to Stangatc creek, or to Milford Haven: 4th, that experienced persons be appointed to supciintend the vessels under quarantine at (Irimsby, at the quarantine anchorage in the Firth of Forth, and in the Firth of Tay, near Dundee, and at Cromarty Bay, if this last should be thought necessary ; and that medical attendance should be appointed at those stations for the purpose of inspecting the crews and passengers, and reporting, upon their state of health previously to their being admitted to pratique: sth, that an order be issued, prohibiting altogether the importation of every description of woollen rags; and as it was considered that certain articles, hemp, flax, wool, &c. &c. generally termed susceptible, (with respect to their liability to retain the contagion of plague, and of otiicr contagious and infectious diseases,) might, in consequence of tho arrangements made respecting them by order of the Russian Government, for the purpose of dividing them into different qualities, be imported from the ports of Russia with perfect safety, so long as* the population at those ports continued free from disease. It now becomes a question, and a very important one to be dcci» ded, whether goods so deemed susceptible can be imported with safety (without quarantine purifications) from ports where cholera prevails. Taking into consideration the importance of the subject, and the very great responsibility attached to me individually, iv my official situation, 1 beg to submit, whether it would not be most desirable, as well as a great satisfaction to the* public, that the Lords of the Council should call upon Sir Henry Halford an 6 > 18 [ Rep. No. SIII6. ] 19 U»« College ol* Physicians for their opinion, and report upon this most important point. Should thoir opinion 1)0 in favor of Iho purification of goods of any kind, it would bo desirable, in addition to tho regulations before proposed, th.it all vcmols from tho Baltic, having good* on board requiring purification, should !••¦ ordered to prornud either to Invurkoithing Hay in the Firth of Forth, to Stangate ('reek, Milford Haven, Liverpool, or Holy Loch in tho Clyde. 'hn^v being thn only ports where thare is any Lnscnrot accommodation. J havo the honor to bo, &c. W. PYM, Superintendent General of Quarantine ?>. Letter from Sir 11. Haf/ord, Hart to C. &'. Grcville, ICuq. enclosing the opinion of him*e(/' and other physicians on the Cholera. CuRZON-STBEKT, JttnC !>///, 1831. Mr Di: Ait Sir: 1 did not lose a moment in calling to my assistance the physicians who have signed the enclosed document, to consider carefully the papers which tho Lord President was pleased to submit to me, in order to form a judgment on the necessity or expediency of tho measures contemplated to secure this country against the visitation of the cholera, a disease which has prevailed so extensively, and with such a loss of lite, in the northern and eastern parts of the continent. I should certainly have preferred submitting the consideration of the question to the College of Physicians assembled; but as you stated to me that the matter pressed, and that the Lord President desired to have my own opirv, ion, and that of such respectable physicians as 1 could bring together immediately, in the course of this dsy, I now send it to you to be laid before his Lordship. t There will be a meeting of the College of Physicians on Friday afternoon, j therefore I can atill avail myself of tho opportunity of a more extended mmittce, if the Lord President and the Government would be better satisfied thereby. I have only to add, that we were assisted in our inquires by the personal information of Mr. Harvey, who left Moscow only thrco weeks ago, after having witnessed the progress of the disease, in two instances, one a iat.il ene in his own family. I am, &c. HENRY HALFORD. ? ¦ 10. (Enclosure.) Opinion of Sir 11. Halford, Bart, and other physiciuns> on the nature and symptoms oj the Cholera. Kaving no other means of judging of the nature and symptoms of the ohothan those furnished by the documents submitted to us, we, the undersigned physician*, have come to the conclusion, after mest careful con. L J 20 • aiderttton, that the thmtrn t* of *n infection* naliirr, and thurpforn riott wf|tiiro that ail p<:r*on* fOftti*f| from »n ml' '•!••. l (|ii»rtrr should be pluml MMkf Q rju mfiUfM of at l«t*t fourteen t\sy». With reaped to merchandise, at w« do not find any proof in thww pnppr* that fho di*eaa« hi* hern propagator) by mcffno of inanimatfl nbjrrtu, * and in tin; f(t tin sthtrtirlo of Sir William I'ym'a rrrommi?fi«l,«iionf», but in thn propriuty ol hi« four first propoul*, we entirely iequbawt. lIKNHV lIALKniU). Piriidmt of thr Hoy ill Collriff of Physicians. THOMAS TffRNKK, WILLIAM MACMICHAEL, FHANCW lIAWKINH. 'tune Ulh, 1831. P. 8 Th« date of the fourteen daya, we preiumr, is to hn rcckonrtl from the time of leaving the infer!' ///, 1831. 7b Me LonLi (\f hit flfnj city's most honorable Privy Council: Wo, Ihn PftlMtttt nnd Fellows of ilio Uoynl Collogo of Physicians in London, having carefully considered nil (ho papers which have been trans* milled to us by order of your lordahipn, hnve agreed upon tho following itport: That the evidence submitted to us, in the documents sent to tho College by the Kinds of his Majesty's most honorable Privy Council, warrants an opinion thnt the diseatie called cholera in Russia, is communicable from one prr.ion to another. Although these documents contain some statements which lead us to doubt whether this infection is conveyed by merchandize or not, yet until we have further information, we recommend that articles of merchandize admitted into this country, from infected places, should be submitted to the usual regulations of quarantine. In tho name of the College, HENRY HALFORI), President. FRANCIS HAWKINS, Registrar. 14. Letter from C. C. Greville, Esf/nirc, to Sir //. If afford, Bart., requesting a more detailed report on the Cholera. • Council Office, Wihtbiiall, June IGM, 1831. Sin: I am directed by the Lords of his Majesty's most honorable Privy Council, to acknowledge the receipt of your letter, enclosing a report from the College of Physicians, and I am to request that you will express to that, learned body the thanks of their lordships, for the prompt attention which they have afforded to the case submitted for their consideration. 1 am at the same time directed by the Lords of the Council, to say, Jhat it would have been very satisfactory to their lordships to have been furnished with a more detailed report, together with the reasons which have led ?he College to adopt the opinion expressed in that report; Their lordships [ Rep. No. 896. 3 22 aw ptfttftfed fliat ihn eoitdtffloiM of thr College hovt no! bcon formed without t!>' n hi inftiooi Ifid attentive deliberation | and their lordships arr< dpffaVMi btfofi fhr.y m:ikc ffiich definitive regulations in the. onso may it mirtf to have thr ffDUfktl of ihoM conclusion* fully and m detail before them. The Lords of tho Council feel th.it the very painful duty which thoy hnvr to perform, embrace! two eoofidfratjpftfj the lint nnd most important relate* to the ednatrfation of the public, health, to which every other consider afion muif undoubtedly gfvt way. Dtit their lordships aru lik«win« bound to take care that no unnecessary restriction* he impaled upon tho trndo nnd commerce of the country; and while, on the one bond, they will not hesitntc to adopt the most rigorous precautions aguinst the introduction of a contagious disease, they cannot determine upon measures calculated most seriously to affect such great, various, nnd complicated (nlWOlU) without the clearest conviction of their unavoidable necessity, and of the dnngcr to be apprehended from any relaxation of the severity of their application. I am therefore to rcnucst that you will move the College of Physician*, to favor me, for the information of their lordships, with a more detailed report, stating the grounds upon which they arc of opinion that the introduction of goods, merchandize, &c. from plnrcs where the cholera morbus prevails, may be attended with danger or risk to tho public health. Thnt thoy will specify which of the goods enumerated in the enclosed list they think most liable to carry infection. What sort of purification would be requisite, and for what length of time, both as regards persons and goods; whether any of the circumstances attending the packing and transmission of certain descriptions of goodti, (suoh as hemp antl flax) should except them from the operation of any general rule, or entitle them to any partial exemption from it. I am desired to request that you will move the Colloge of Physicians, to lavor their lordships with their opinion upon theso specific points, as well as with any further observations which may assist the judgment of the Lords of the Council in coining to a decision on this important question. I have, &c. C. C. GREVILLE. 15. Second report of the College of Physicians, on the subject of the Cholera Morbus. • College or Physicians, June IS//;, 1831. Sir: In compliance with the further wishes of the Lords of his Majesty's most honorable Privy Council, that we should state in detail the reason of the opinion contained in our report, dated June 15th, we beg to submit to thear lordships the following statement, observing, at the same time, that the information in the documents laid before us is deficient on some important points, particularly with respect to the description of the disease. Our knowledge of the symptoms of the disease called cholera morbus in Russia, is derived, entirely, from a report drawn up by Sir W. Criahton at I. Petersburg, fnr the medical council nflhnt rnpttni. from rnporia of mo* loal mnrliliinur.i in diHemit imrtn of Rusiin, whirr I ho diltMO lind tipprar(l. We have, however, no Jlrcrl information from nny Hufsirin or other hyslolan who hud actually Mitt tho disease. Tho remarkable fact* attftid* ng ill progress, and mnnncr of extension over tho vast tract of country in which it has successively appeared, aro m follows: It oho wed inHf at As.¦!'•.¦«ii. neAr the mouth of tho Wolga, on the 90th of July, Im.io, immfidialoly after tho nrrivnl of n»vexsr-l thrro fiom the port of Hakon, on tho wrutorn coast of the Caspian sen) on hoard which vessel, during the passage, eight men had died of thn disease. From Astracan, it spread itself in an eastern direction to GouricfT, and fnr up the eourie of thn river Owrabj and it the Mtne time procomlcd north Wird, in a course following strictly tho great lino of i ivrr communication of thn Wolgm alfccting successively all tho principal towns on each bnnk of tho river, as far to thn north an Yarnslnv, and at dates corresponding with the ordinnry rate of the navigntion up this stream. The earliest doollis nt each plnco usually occurred among tho boatmen em* ployed in the navigation. It is an important fact, ili.it while thus ascending the courso of tho Wolga in * north direction, it wns contemporaneously conveyed down tho course of the Don in n southwest direction to tin sea of Azof, and to tho coasts oi the Black sen, and details arc given, warranting the belief, that it was earned by personal intercourse across the neck of land which separates these two grcnt. linr.s of water communication. ' The diseitse appeared at Moscow in the first, or second week of October, alleged to have been brought thither from SaratofT, an infected town on the Wnlga. At Moscow it prevailed during the coldest months, having first appeared in the south part of the Russian dominions during the hottest sea* son of the ynar. Quarantine was established on tho road from Moscow to St Petersburg. Upon this road, the disease has nuver extended itself; but on another line of approach to St. Petersburg from Sara ton", where no quarantine wns established, the disease advanced as far as Tikhvin, within 100 miles of Petersburg, whore it appears also to havo been arrested by quarantine. It is important to mention here, that the Moravian colony of Sarepta, on the right bank of the Wolga, several German colonies in the govornment of Suratoo, around which the disease raged with great severity, and the school of military cadets at Moscow, were exempted altogether from the disease; strict precautions having been used in each of these several instances to prohibit all intercourse with the surrounding population. The mode of ingress of the disease into Podolia and Volhynia, is not equally certain; but it appears to hAVC followed tho great Hoes of communiontion between the southern parts of Russia and those provinces, and to have accompanied the march of the armies in this direction. The disease appeared very early in May, on the road between Pos«n and Warsaw, and in the army of the Grand Duke. Michael; subsequently at Praga and Warsaw, and in the Polish armies. A report, drawn up by a board of health at Warsaw, and transmitted to tho French Government, and thence to the English Government, gives a, statement of the numbers infected during seven days in the hospitals of Warsaw and its neighborhood. The latest accounts we have before us, aro those regarding the extension of 'the disease to the sea ports of Riga and Dantzic, on the Baltic, and the groat mortality which liars occurred in the former of these place. 99 [ Hep. No. «QB. ] ? Hep. No. 396. j 24 From 1b« progrew of Chin dineaur, uninfluenced by latitude or by Mllbtt4 through ruridti* dittrictf in thf Kussian empire, following grndunlh thn cmirae* of great river* and roads, in ottttf words, Ihfl general linen of frame and communication, <,\ni\, from the (iff, thai diHercnt lowm llttltltd wilhin itifOltlt, ww, e*«mpt«d from il« visitations by establishing a system of noninletpnnr§ t we are <>f opinion that, fbn disease called cholera morbun in Hutti»f toman infectimrt narure. Ourdfoifion i.< rorrolxnntiil by Utooiiinion m JHf Wiiliim (!rirhi.»n, i»f St. PcUrnburgJ hy Ihi m^niuroi tikMi by thfc RuMJnn iri'l Priiffiftn (JdV'rnirifftl.i; by l!w (rffltcmeni of lh€ Kngliftii phyfiri,m. Dr. mini from St. Petri;iihurg Ul Moscow, who, uficr miifh h»-«itafinn »!r< U I [¦ rcinpl irify In favor of cofiliglofij by thnt ilnoof T)r. Albert, "Kml by (he rftiMian fJofcrnnienl, who first cnlcrtninm) n »u«> picion that tbr fliacnur w»§ con(*r. of f)r Albor-, nor tliowj nf the report ofthfl COmmllttfl of health *f Warsaw, eonfiin my de^riptiaH »»f tho lyrnptomi of the diICAN We havr not evidence before vi piifliririit to decide wboibrr Ihi.i diftlM be communirablp by merthandite or nof; Ibcro nrr «nmr itlttfllffttl which appear to .iiip|M)rt Ibn latter opinion, but they nru neither ntlfnertlUl nor di."«-tinrt enough to ronvincf* v? thai this dltfltae dotl not nnd will not observe the laws irnfeh rvgillate other infect iouh disorders. Should the (Joy? rnrnnnt be enabled to lay before us hereafter n more pro<>\*e account of the disease, and a more enlarged statement by which tho propagation of its infection, may be distinguished from th.it of other infertious diseases, we »h.i!l be very ready to reconsider our opinion. Hut until auch information can be obtained by m, called upon as nu are to consider the security of the public, we can give no other opinion with respect to the transmission of the disease by merchandise, than that we think the Mifrty of the community will best be consulted by submitting merchandise to the usual regulations of quarantine; and we can nt present make DO other distinction of articles than is made by the law established for this purpose. Signed on behalf of the College, by HENRY HALFORD, President. FRANCIS HAWKINS, Registrar. 10. List of ariitlts referred to in Mr. Greville\i letter to Sir Henry lintford, Hurt., dated IGth June, 1831. Canvass, Carmenia wool, Cordage not tarred, Cotton wool, Down, Feathers, Flax, Furrier's Waste, Goat's Hair, Hemp, Hoofs, . Horn and Horn Tips, Hair of all sorts, Leather, Linnen, Mohair Yarn, Pelts, Rags, Skins, hides and furs, and parts o( pieces ol skins, hides and furs, whether undressed, or in part, or wholly tanned, tawed 01* dressed, Tow, Wool, whether raw or any wise wrought. Yarn of all sorts. [ Rq>. No. 886. ] 25 17 Litltr from C. C. Qrrvlllr, ting. to fHr II HnfforH, IJnrt. rtlnUvo to thr Jnr mtihnn itj thr /haft/ <>/ In tilth. form it. OtrU'V, WtUnMAUm IHt/i Junr t lfl.ll. Siij I am directed to nrrjunint vou t that it in the intention of iiii h\»)i>*\y'n Government to form n Hoard of 1 1< « I • I » *imilar to that which w«f const itutud in Iflofl, tipun occnaion nl the Gibraltar *irkne*n, which consisted of the President and four Fellow* of Ihf Royal ('oilcan of Physician*, one CominiMioiirr of OvUomii nfling of the conlngion; and also, any furthnr miggratiom or ol>««rvatium win' li the hoard m»v deem rrirttrri;il for tlioir lordship* roniider.iii'ifi. Fourthly. Tb.it ih< Hoard fif Health do prepare such rulea nnd rtgiilliiom mi (hoy mny deem moil ffTofrtiml for tliif adoption of (he most approved in* i hod of uiiii riling ngiiin*t the spreading of i n !<¦'•) mn, and of purify ing any ship or house, or any pinna in which any contagious disorder may hue mnnifr«f(ul ii.««lf, and do ir;m«mii the same for the consideration of tl>' Lord* of hi* Majesty's moot honorable Privf Council, in order that the flame, bfini npproved of hy (heir lordnhips, miy be communiofltcd by the Hnnrd of 1 1. ..lid, in conformity to hie Mtijeflty'i royal proclamation, nearing dnlfl the 90th of thin inntanf. Junes to nil mngiNtrntci, mwlicffl pernoni and (iilicth who inn y be dnairoua, and may apply to bo made acquainted there* with. Fifthly, That they will tako into their immediate confederation the alarming accounts which have been received of the di*ea*e now prevailing in Kiiftfiia under tho name of cholcrn morbufi, and that they will givn their Attention to the two noint* which are the moxt important in this inquiry: KiMt, whether the W- y being on the apot, know*, without doubt, the gener;ii opinion on thu disease, established by experience; it iff, thtt It is not propngiiird by good* and merchandize} that it only attacks a certain number of individual*, chiefly of (he lower dame*; that there must be a particular disposition to receive it, nnd that it haa lost much of ita power. Nrverihele*a, the Oovernment does not neglect to takf every possible measure against itf propagation. The undemigned profit! by thin occasion to cxpresa to Mr. Hayley his distinguished conaideration. LX COMI'TK 0. I)K CANCHINK CHOLEUA MOUHUS. [raOM THE HIGIIKST MP.DICAI. At.-TMOKI T* To the Editor of the Courier. Sin: At thia period of general alarm, created by tho threatening calamity of cholera morbua in thia country, no apology i*, I conceive, required from any medical practitioner for offering hi* free thoughts to the public, not. withstanding that the aubject haa already been no largely discussed as to preclude much novelty of communication. The active controveray long carried on with respect to the contagion or noU'Contagion of thia and several other di.ienses, has occasionally partaken morn of the animosity of disputation, than the apparent love of candor and truth. I am disposed to retain the terms of contagion and infection, and consider them as distinctive,* namely, that, by contagion, (from con and tango, to touch or lay hold on,) we should understand the quality of a disease to communicate itself from one individual to another, by means of the touch, or actual personal contact; — by infection, the reception of the miasma or poison oi a disease into the system, from the air, through the medium of the lungs. I avoid the theoretical questions of the possible absorption from the surface. We may speak of some diseases as both 'contagious and infectious; for example, the eruptive fevers, small pox, measles, and scarlet fever; others, as contagious only, for example, the itch and ring worm, and, I believe, as an example of infectious only, the hooping cough. With regard to the cholera morbus, it appears to me quite useless, for practical purposes, ( to discuss whether or not it be infectious only, or both contagious and infectious. It is made manifest that persons having the disease, do not only infect the air, but all inorganic materials more or less; some substances being more capable of receiving and retaining the poison than others, us bed-clotlies and personal garments, rather than articles of furniture. Substances so imbued receive the name of fomites. According to the view which I have taken of the subject, the safety of the community requires methods of precaution, and almost equally, I should * If we were desirous of Hubmitting the question of the contagious quality of a disease to experiment, we might subject individuals in health to a free handling of the skin oi the diseased person, white they were made to carry on respiration by means of a tube connected with another apartment, insulated by means of a department breathed by the sick. • [ 11.,,. No. 311. ] [ fop. No. 996. ] 30 toy, whether wo consider the cholera morbiiP as only infectiouf, or »mii contagious nnd infection*, for the region of the sick t* a diseased one, «nd the atmosphere become.* the active carrier of ihe poiton of the disease. In proof of the argument, I may quote the following observation! from the aummnry of the report just published by Dm. Russell and Barry. When unrnkinK of St. Petersburg, they male that •' the germs were diffused, and the disease propagnted in two ways, one of which mny bo culled perwrml, by their dispenion over the whole r»ty, immediately after their arrival, of several thousand passengers and boatmen, who had come from infected plncof, or had been exposed to infection on th^ir passage, or on board (he vessels: the other, which may be termed atmospheric, by emanations from the barques, and their contents, suspended in, ami carried by, the ciim-iiUi of air to susceptible persons, independently of direct communication.'* The pleasing fact that, in tho spread of this epidemic, the, large majority of persons, even in the vicinity of the sick, escape the disense, must not be received as an argument against its infectious power; and, with regard to the disputed point of its being nlso contagious, in the sense in which I employ the term, I think it unnecessnry to pursue the question. It is familiarly known, that when the diseases acknowledged as both contagious and infectious—small pox, mcaidcs or scarlet fever— prevail in schools or large funiilics, a great proportion escape, even when there is much intercourse kept up with the sick; and sometimes the insusceptibility of the constitution to infection, even from inoculation with the strongest poisons, i* shown in a very remarknblr manner. Doubtless the modem practice of medicine, in directing free ablution of the skin, frequent change of linen, and, above all, attentive ventilation of the apartments, have \n\ to the important result of disarming many contagious and infectious disease? o» their communicating power, in a surprising degree The truly serious considerations are— the care to be taken against the further introduction of the cholera morbus, and the measures most fit to be pursued in the event of its occurrence. In regard to the atmosphere, the active regulations of the police in improving the conditions of the habitations of the p"or, and purifying all assemblagesof uncleanliness, are of the first importance. Indeed, the happy change which will thus be effected, illustrates the moral of •« good coming out of evil." The restraining of the communication with infected places, as far as is consistent with public convenience, would appear to be highly desirable, so as to diminish the chance of extending the infection of the atmosphere. Preventive care in the immediate conduct of persons, embraces several considerations. The mind should hold an even balance between that fear and apprehension which tend to enervate the nervous system, and thereby create a strong predisposition to any disease, and that careless confidence of gecurity which may lead to danger. In the management of the bodily health, great care in diet is a very principal object of consideration. Asceacent food, and acid drink, should be avoided, as also raw fruits. Vegetables to be partaken of in moderation, and such only as are in season, refraining from those commonly called cold and flatulent As the. disease exerts much of its violence on the alimentary canal, the symptoms become aggravated when there is a great prevalence of asciclity. Tone of stomach, regularity of the digestive functions, and strength and Mtrgy of the general syatem, place a person in the very surest position of defence. [ Rep. No. 390. ] 31 i in whatever town or place (hii severe malady nhnuld find id way, it would be especially incumbent on persons to tMrflfl « strict observnnce in their regimen ana way of living. To give a few precepts, I should nay, ¦void the neighborhood of places miapcctcd of being infected) and take daily exercise in the moat open situations, — keep early hours, — bn temperate yet not positively abstemious in wholosomn and generous diet. Having tho means, drink after dinner about half a pint of sound generoui wine (more or leas relatively to habits, sex or age,) otherwise brandy and water of imrdium strength. Extreme cleanliness in the house, and frrc vcntillation of all the apartments, should be the object of constant care. Seek all the rational means which tend to cheerfulness and good spirits. Experience has shewn that this disease, when it prevails, attacks chiefly the ill-clothed, ill-fed poor, and those especially who lead an irregular and intemperate life; but yet striking and important. M this fnct is, it woi'.ld not be wise to consider that tho unpur classes of society can command n certain immunity, in the opposite tIPMMMtMMM of tho picture. In tho event, therefore, of tho disease finding its way into a respectable family, I should advise the appropriation of the upper floor of the house to the use of the sick; that the apartments should bo freely ventilated during the day, yet with proper caution; that pastilcs or any agreeable perfumes should be used as pleasant to the senses; but more particularly, that the solution of chloride of lime, as a most valuable disinfecting agent, should besprinkled about to get rid of all unpleasant odours, uud that occasionally some should bo heated in a saucer, that chlorine gas might be extricated, and which, diffused in the apartment in small quantity, would not inconvenience the patient. For the destitute poor, the appointment of well situated receiving houses, as contemplated by the authorities, provided with medical attendants and nurses, would prevent the formation of those nests of infection, which the wretched habitations of the poor in narrow streets, lanes and alleys, so readily become, if tenanted by individuals laboring under malignant disease. It is of great importance to obviate by all the means conveniently in our power, the diffusion of infection. Medical practitioners who have divided duties to perform, should be careful after a visit to cholera patients, to chango their clothes.* The disease makes its attack with different degrees of violence, and is necessarily modified by the variations of individual constitution. Hence no absolute rule of treatment can be lay) down, although some general principles of proceeding may be pointed out, to meet the attack of an enemy which comes like a "thief in the night." From my own study of the subject, and from conversations with those who have seen the disease extensively, I should day that the malignant cholera is not to be considered merely as a violent disorder of the stomach and bowels, but rather as an extraordinary and most violent seizure of the whole system, so powerfully affecting the action of the heart, and the nervous system, supplying all the important viscera, as to threaten, and sometimes to cause an immediate extinction of the vital powers. Happily, in this climate, disease does not inflict its deadly powers so suddenly as in the tropical regions, but allows more interval and opportunity for the interposition of medical aid. •I know an ingenious chemist who has produced a solid combination with a chloride, which being kept in a well stuped phial, so gradually gives out chlorine as to serve a very useful purpose to those who have to visit infected places. I nerd hrrr only notice the leading indications of treatment which might be artcd upon by nonil% a# of nj"put, mint, or peppermint, th« dose of r.ijeput being from twenty to fort) drnpi; of Urn OtMf oilx from fifteen to twenty, mixed with fifteen or t.wi uly ttilnt of powdiftd |imn aribic. futir or five grama of calcined mag* nr.ii.i, • Tittle fOf^i .1 Itl spoon full of brandy, and an ounce and a half of w.ilcr — In be tcjX'itnl, if required. An thr balance nltiri'iitation is suddenly and violently altered, immediate nOtM must be I'loptcd townrds itn rontorntion. There it univeranlcoldneii* and exrcerlin^ oOßtfMtiofl of the vessels of the surfnec. The patient should bo immedinU;!) pl.ired bttWWfl hot bbitikcts; n large npongc well squeezed out f,f hot water applied to the .stomach, nnd covered over with hot flannel, isn aJmplf nnd uontll exptdient; bottles of hot water to the upper and lower OXtftfltlliof| gnnornl friction, with hot coarse flannel, especially down the snine, and other modes of applying dry beat promptly* which might be tni! most convenient, would form a treatment as safe as important. The use of a bod sudatory, or hot air bath, if in the possession o( a family, i» much to bo recommended. Promptitude of action in every thing in regard fo the IDOtt valuable treatment of restoring heat to the surface. Ant further menns and of a more .strictly medical nature, should be reserved till proper advice can be obtained. The administration of an emetic to clear the stomach, and, by means of free vomitting, to call forth the general powers of the system; — of calomel, with a view to rouse the suspended functions of the liver; — the use of the lancet to relieve the system from deep rente.!, dangerous congestion, happening in some cases, at the period of re Mtioni — and other measures which might be mentioned, should be committed solely to medical hands. Li tho foregoing observations, I shall be happy if I have rendered the sub* Joel clear and intelligible, or contributed a useful mite to the general stock of inform ation. • I inij sir, Your obedient servant, CHARLES SCUDAMORE, M. D. F. R. S. WIMPOLESTRELT, Nov. 15. The following is a copy o/thf tetter of the Bishop of Durham to the Secretary of the Sunderland Board of Health. Auckland Castle, Nov. 15. Sir: I have again received complaints that carriers and other public conveyances are sufl'en i to pass unrestricted to other parts of the county, giving occasion of apprehension that the infection of the malignant cholera may be thereby spread to a dangerous extent. Having already intimated to you, 32 about a WBfk ago, my hope Mint flu* would In- ifiti»r«lirfrr|, I must n*fjunst. that you will immediately lay thin communication before (hi Hoard <>i Health, with my rurnt'flt rrfjticut that it rnny !>«• attended u», ;iml some competent mrasurf"« Immffdiatily Im- fnkrti id itmovfl fht Mfiefij complaint, . « 4 At Hflrnarrl Cnnfln, and othnr plate! i»i thnt district, the tnngMtrnle.4 hnrfi iwiifid public ordetf for prevrntinn nnrrirTi from Siifidi-rland pitting; through tho»e plAflen, niul 1 hnve intimntcd to them my ißprovnl of their pfotf#6cllny, Similar rornplainti hnving nlw horn mndr from thfl town of mockton-on-Tecfl, J have written to thr Mayor to tht< tunic effect, nnd I hnve also written to the High Sheriff* rfloueftint hin Ittention, and flint of the chairman of the quarter feMiOflli to thr lubjeet, with the nsiMirnnrr thnt, in tny official station an Cuiton Hotnlorum, I shall he ready to authorize any Irgnl mcattirea thnt may be adopted for carrying iho orders of the Privy I have tho honor to he, &r. Secretary to the Board of Health, Sunder land." Minute of a conference between the Lord Bishop of Durham and a deputation from Sunderlandf accompanied oy Lieutenant Colonel Craigh and Dr. iJaun. Nov. 16. I 4(I 4( On the introduction of the deputation, which the ohjrct of its coming is distinctly understood, the bishop entered into an explanation respecting ; measures of precaution which had been adopted to restrain the convey* cc of goods from Sunderland by the carriers. He stated that these jasurcs did not originate with him, but with the Mayor of Staindrop and >ckton, and with the magistrates of Barnard Castle; that other magistrates [I written to him on the subject of the intercourse of Sunderland carriers th all parts of the country, in the strongest terms; and that, holding the iponsible situation which he did in the county, he could not, without negt of his duty, refuse to sanction the restraining measures already taken contemplated with respect to this intercourse; which measures, in fact, »uld have been, or would be taken, without this interference. I" With respect to those measures, however, relating to the carriers, he ggested, that if the Board of Health sent to him officially a statement, that c restrictions imposed were unnecessary, he would forward it to the igistrates, who must act thereon according to their judgments; or if the ard would adopt a regulation towards the carriers similar to that of giving lean bill of health fora ship, he thought that this would tend to the remo- I of the restrictions now adopted by the magistrates without further trouj. With respect to other measures of precaution, which might altogether >se the trade of Sunilerland on the land side, or the free intercourse of its habitants in the rest of the county, he did not intend to originate any. c had not received any specific order from the Privy Council respecting eh further measures, and the idea of a sanatary cordon to be drawn round c town of Sunderland had never been contemplated by him; indeed he nsidered it to be useless. 5 S3 t H*'p. No. 326. ] [ Hep. No. 330. ] 34 "In consequence, howrvor, of the agitated stntf of the country, h§ h«4 thought it his duty to request Iho High Sheriff lo null •• g'-nrrfil meeting of tin; magistrate*, lo take into coniidfratiun luoh measures «* the,) might think advlMbltj iuhl In- recomm«nd«i thitthe llonrrl of Hvtltb •hcmW immwliately open n Wfnmunlcitlon with this mooting and lay before it « statement which might be judgtd likely to havo weight with the High Sheriff Arid the other m'ftfiftritefi •« This in tho substance, and almost the very words, of Ihn «mif«rnnct# THOMAS WILKINSON. M. CKEACiII, />"'• '•'"/ HOHKKT GRAY. JuILN P. Kil)SO>\" IA mortal tf tfn Hoard of tttalth of the City of Stw Ynrk % to the. Hth nornbli thi Stfiatt awl House of lin/irtaentutiviß uj the United Slates, in CongWS UMxe.nhled: The Hoard of Health of the city of New York, Respectfully hkckkskkts: That tht-y have fwen anxious observers of thp rise and progress of the disease cnllcd the Indian cholera, probably unknown to Kurope until modern times, and us yet entirely unknown to thise United States. Your memorialiatu detin it ufjnoccNsarv to enter into a minute history of this illfMtti which eommcoetd its ravage* in 1817, at l)engal f in India, attacking both native and European residents, and soon widely extended itaelf in the interior. The w.'tr.M in India, between the natives and Europeans, greatly extended this fntal pcstilenrtj which, in aoOM ioftaO(W| has been traced in regular daily progression, of about the Mine number of miles each day. In I mm. it advanced to the islands in the Indian ocean; in 1821, it appeared in China with great mortality; in 1823, it extended itself to the parts of Asia adjacent to the Mediterranean; in 1830, it visited the provinces around the Caspian sea. The disease crossed the borders of Asia, and travelled through European Russia; and in September, 1830, ravaged the ancient capital of Russia, where 244 persons were attacked in one day; and in three months therewere 8,000 cases, DION than one-half of which proved fatal. Subsequently, it extendeil its ravages to St. Petersburg, Archangel, and Dantzig, destroying, in those cities, more than one half of the persons who were attacked. And, during the last summer, the brave Poles at Warsaw had not only to contend with the RtiMsiun bayonet, but this more fell destroyer, which extended itself through every village of Poland. Recent accounts have shown the existence of this disorder at Berlin, at Vienna, and still more recent have proved its introduction in England. In the short space of fourteen years, it is estimated that not less than fifty millions of the human family have fallen victims to this terrible disorder, which has extended itself through all climates, and raging under all circumstances, appearing to be equally congenial to the frozen dominions of Ivj ropean Russia, us to the scorching climates of Asia and Africa. Hitch \n the brief history of (Ik- riw.1. ,:,, fl iwl i( li fiirod our bolortd ooaniry will not b« tutmpi from IN 'Wflffnliiiort, to its own §h6Hijo(,\h\» Innlitful ifinl.-iily, which Nil already niviiged thrff 6Ofltlf)tfftf< Hut ffiffdom ttfftara u« (o ondt«Vor< by ill rwonil tttMH#i to pftvvnt iti Introduction) flfi»i in (mill ourmivot of nil nrrtitdiil application! which icionai mil expo- W6 tMifkhl in th»' eotintfiti WMft (he diiMM li«« prevailetd Th« Moinl ol lf«tlth of Ifw city of N«w V<»i k huvf, thcrclbrf, conini»l< red it thfir diiiy to mil tho attvntlAfl of thfi OongrtM of (he Unlttd iUtM to thia importflnt f(lbj«e(f H.t Ortl p Klliffly of n niitionnl chnrartcr, and intimately oonnectml witd eonrttitTM\ ihtl m (Ming ono> In citation lo which, thepowcr* of no oru? city or !4t«W Ifl •iffAclent to nfTord n n-incdy, if it be in the power Of rriiin or rirglflatitfna lOlflbfd n rtflittty or relief. IY»»iir mfm6ffaiitU Unvc no pnrlirnlnr ndvico to oflVf lo your honorable ttitf, in to nny ny§teutn for Dftftnting the introduction of this riiaeAse. it thry do humbly conceive that Congreai should, without dolny, oonatip a atnititnrif rot/imUuun, whost! duty it should hf, cither to send nome iluir «»wn members or others, to the pnrta of Kuropc and Asia when- tht eiM now prevail*, and to collect nil Inc fac is relating to the means of preltin& and remedies to be applied to, this fatid detente Under the ansesof the General Government, agents could proceed to foreign countriei) rler much more advantage than if they were appointed by any individual, ite t or ntt ; and in constituting such a boa to, the National Government .ifl*l be but following the exumples of Kngland, France, Unssin, Prussia, I, as it is believed, all other of the European nations. (The object of this Hoard of Health being but to bring before the Congress the (Jnited States this highly important subject, they enter not into parularM, well assured that the subject will receive, at their hands, all the fiMtderatton which, in their judgment and wisdom, it may appear to demd. All which is respectfully supmitted. SAMUEL STEVENS, Acting Mayor, and Presidrnt (\f tht Board of Health y» * i •j - . .^ J* Ikf . \T _*, #« M I • Ho. or Rrw. S9d Covoiubm, lit Smitm, <- (MIOLKIIA MOKHUS. [ To be annexed to report 886. J Fkihujarit 9, 1839. Printed by order of the House of Hepre»«nUtive<. Ciwtral Board of Heai/th, Council Office, Whitehall, Dec. 14, 1831. Daily report of cholera cases. Sukdkrland, December 18, 1831. Remaining at last report, ... 39 New cases, . - • . - 9 Total, 41 6 i) Died, Recovered, Remaining at this date, at 8 o'clock, A. M. 16 From the commencement of the disease on the 86M October, 1831. Cases, 441 I Deaths, 152 New Castle, December 12th, 1831- Remaining at last report, New cases, 4 7 Total, 11 Died, Recovered, 1 - < Remaining, From the commencement of the disease on the Ith December, 1831, Cases, * * 16 I Deaths, * - 7 r> 1 North Shields, December 12th, 1891. Remaining at last report, • - - - 1 1 New cases, 0 [ Rep. No. 396. ] 38 [ Rep. No. 920. ] From the commencement of the dhensr 2 I 11.M11.. Una, i VV. McLKAN, Secretary. P. Si Two canes arc reported to have occurred at Seghill, about 10 mUt*, find one at Wideopcn Colliery, nbotit 7 miles from New Castle, FBOM TUB J.OWDOW TIME*. (From our own correspondent.) SirNi.KHi.AM>, December I2ih f 1031, That the cholera now spreading in Sunderland, is, in all essential points, the Indian disease, must be evident to every observer who has hud an op* purl ii ni i vof forming a legitimate opinion upon tho subject; baUnn I hnv» previously stated to you, the proportion of mild cases that have occurred in Sundcrlnnd, in beyond any ordinary measure of companion greater than those recorded during the first inroads of the cholera in India. In India, when the disease began to extend to a locality where it had not previously prevailed, it usually commenced its career in a very severe form, presenting a virulent type, which carried the patient off in a lew hours, and it waff not until the severe forms had been experienced for some time, that the symntoms assumed a tractable mid less aggravated shape. In Stindcrland, on the other bund, the mild cases have bven commonly met with during the whole period of the invasion, and they have often appeared in the same family of per¦Ofifj or in tho MUM locality, with those of the more dangerous character. In this way, I have observed that one member of a family may have the disease, commencing slowly in the shape of a watery purging; another member may have, at the lir.-i onset, the mild symptoms of cholera fully developed; whilo a third will have the attack in the most rapid and violent type. The general opinion which obtains at present here, admitting the contagious nature of cholera, has led the medicaj men to make inquiries to ascertain the channels of intercourse through which the patients may have become infer ted, and these inquiries have certainly elicited some apparently interesting facts. Many of the people who have suffered from cholera, have taken ill foon after attending the funerals of persons who died of the disease; and, reasoning upon the fact, some physicians arc inclined to favor the opinion, that the contagion, emanating from the dead body, possesses a stronger infecting power than the contagion emitted from the living. There docs not seem to be any good reason for subscribing to this distinction of degree. In the fanvly of Bell, the seeming propagation of tho disease from individual to individual was well marked, and several days ago I related to you the circumstances. Since that period, however, t His chain of infection has been lengthened, and I shall therefore revert to the earlier instances again, and afterwards connect them with the recent: Mrs. Tutty, of Warren street, was seized with cholera soon after she had attended the funeral of a child who had died of 'lie distemper. Mrs. Bell, who had lent her friendly services to Mrs. Tutty during her illness, was also attacked. Mrs. Bell's son was seized soon after hr had been with his sick mother, and he died. A man of Ihc name of Elliott, in Warren street, was next seized, after having had intercourse with the preceding, and died in ten days. Mrs. Bell, in the mean time, Iml become convalescent from her attack, and she attended the i mi. t ill of hnr .inn mi l,iw Elliott. In n short limn from thin, aho exporionaad i viol- ni ici.ip ¦»¦ i.i i ¦i,mli-i;i, wlhcli oarrkri htroff Finally, thll morning, I naw it young stout, mnu, nifntd Todd, laboring under n violent itttnnk, whlrb bi'ffln lost night,, Ho lived in a room silunto on the unmn floor in !h« boiiw- in Wnrmii street, where Kllioil died. Thin availing Tntlri id atmi gon«. Hnre« thon, two of the rases worn I how of persons who oontnoted Ilio di^nwi foniwqtHjnt to fheir following thu dend in thn riln of litirlnlj hut them t* no ffldflMl nflorrtnd fo rrndrr it rrmotcly prohnhln thnt tho oonlnt(ion wn« IfMictive whtin coming from n living nntinut limn from n oorpm. ll'.i priori who h»* AtUmded n Itlltlvt ill nf rholrrn, mid tfoaptd infection for fi lOOffMflffbk fipnoc, rorrto to ho nlincked iihont thu period of thn denlh or Imh'tjil of thifl relnlivo, 1 would imcrihn thu ntrougcr (Her) of Iho noutngion hi thin timn in the nuAceptihility nl the itUndldl btiog IttfllMN hy tho Mcpreuing ir.flucncn of Ihn griof ontorlainnd for the dopnrted. Official account. St. JamKhVplacm, Dee, 1 i//», 1831. Mr Lord: I have thn honor to enclose the, copy of a loiter (and of ill* on* lo.smc) from Mr. Syndicux Amsinck, of Hamburgh, on the Kuhjcct of the rcmedic* adopted in that city for the euro of the cholera morhus 1 havo the honor, \--. .T. COLQDIIOUN. Viscount I'Af.MKRs ton, kc. II am nr mm, Nov. 80//i| 1831. Sii: In conformity with the wish expressed in your letter of the 10th n -it. to learn what were the remedies by which wo so successfully cured the holrr.i morbus, I caused the lir.st medical gentloman of the Gcnernl Hoard of Ifrnllh in this place, Dr. Schlciden, to give me his opinion respecting this subject, and I take the liberty to communicate herewith a copy of his memorandum. Although this document has no official character, you will easily guess that one of our most eminent physicians, in his situation, is able to give a very good judgment in this matter. I think there must be omitted a word in the prescription, but that will be easily supplied by medical men. I have, &c. SYND. AMSINCK, Dr. Ji CoLttviiouir, Esq. The principal measure by which we have succeeded in preventing the .spreading of the Asiatic cholera, and producing so favorable a result in pro* portion to the population of this city, was certainly, that, by a proper appointment of respectable citizens, (principally overseers) and physicians in special boards of health in several parts of the town, every such person could, by day and night, receive instantaneous assistance. (Porters with covered and warm litters were always at hand to convey c patients, when required, to the next hospital. Joined to these meamin-«, H9 [ Hep. No. 846. ] [ l»«-|i. No. 320, ] 40 i perpetual Mo#rlotftn4«ot« with twn\ in tb* turnout rleanlineiw of the dweflit 'g/S and to lh« fftMte-nanrr of thf poor, p.rli< idiirly r/mtfibutH to rlirniiiitli the opportunity to the A*i»fir cholera. Tins MfllplilfH in only curable in ft# beginning, tttvl fhcrt w« hate alwuvh wi<'.rt>iuU-i\, toffffdcfing the constitution and m'li vclimlk y rr< tho p»t if ut<, with a rational IftntfftfOtj arirl hay« Mflf b«*m owing, in our happy aficeeM, to a particular rfffltdf Thfrl will never be. found » nmciflruin. Hfifhin^ o/ «ll dnnrriplifinn liiVr hecn wirffffwftil only in fhr hrgifinin^ »»f thf m ilwly, buf n<;vrr in iti progrim Wo h»r« Mf«n more ftffcct from cml»r»ic:i kmih anil friniorm, pouHiiM afi'l hli#tffrf f on f.hfr fftomachf whf n not nppltcd too violently an«l wifho'if pr«!'• iiiicii(!*ii i»y us few psrfOflfii the olrrantfltinoti of hip OffQ will ndmit, or be induced to submit fo iin iiruimlint." rrntovni to mirh building as may hnve hern provided lor the rrrrptioti ofptfioni whoM rh*. fftffflJffMtf will not n fiord thn advantages nl home, of space, air, and scpara* tinri from the hridthy. 4. When nn individual mhntt hnvn been attacked with this disease, and pj I under Dm INWI ffVonbli condition.", aft iilreudy pointed otil, both for the recovery of hi* own, find the safely of the pttbllO health, the room or apartment where he mny hnve been attacked, nnd from which hr mny hlft benn removed, should hv jiurified hy aerublmig, limi Withlnj, (too ttntftitinu, nnd fnniin.ilion by heated flulphiiric ncid nnd coiiimon milt, with blnck oxydo of innn^nneflc, or the same odd with nitre; or, Whffl UltM Dtttrllll cannot be obtainctl, by .itronn vinegar thrown upon heated bricks The bed, bedding, and clothes, nhonKl be immersed in wntcr, washed with noap, and afteiWiirds fumigated ns above. 6. To correct nil ofTenaive smells, chloride of lime mny be applied; but great caution is recommended in the use of this material; its fumes, continued for any length of time, having been found highly prejudicial to health, more particularly in delicate persons. 6. A number of steady men, proportionate to the district in which they arc to act, should be appointed to lime wash nnd purify, as ordered above, under the direction of medical authority, such apnitments as may be pointed out by the inspectors of the local board. 7. Those who die of this disease should be buried as soon ns possible, wrapped in cotton or linen cloth saturated with pitch, or co;d tnr, nnd be carried to the grave by the fewest possible number of persons. The funeral service to be performed in the open air. 8. It is of the utmost importance to the public health, that an improved diet, and flannel clothing, at least flannel belts and woollen slocking*, should be given to the poor. No person should ever allow himself to lit down and get cool uith wet feet. The most particular attention should be jiaicl to keeping the feet dry and warm. Repletion and indigestion should be guarded against; all raw vegetables, acescent unwholesome food, and drink avoided. Temperance should be most rigidly observed in every thing. In Eiort, no means should be neglected which may tend to preserve individual •alth. The neglect of any or all of these cautions, would not of themselves ¦odder, the specific disease called spasmodic cholera; but such neglect would ost assuredly dispose the individual living in an infected atmosphere to be tacked by this disease, when most probably he might otherwise have escaped. The most effectual means by which this disease may be prevented from extending, is to enable the poor, who are generally the first attacked, to oppose to its influence, as far as practicable, those ameliorations in diet, clothing, and lodging, which public and private charity will, it is hoped, not fail to produce. Pser vat ions on the nature and treatment of the disease, drawn up by Drs. Russell and Harry. , tOf the two great classes of functions performed by the organs of which in is composed, one only is attacked in this disease. The operations of the sense* and of the Intelligence are either left untouched, or urn afiecleA but in n secondary manner. Those fiim-iinin, on ihe contrary, by which existence an a living being in preserved — those complicated powers, by means of which we are for ever appropriating, and converting Into I part of ourselves portions of the matter around vs — tire all and nt once deranged by the attack of this terrible malady. Nutrition If annihilntcd; respiriition becomes difficult, irregular and inefficient; the involuntary muscles no longer perform their task; the voluntary are drnwn into contractions by other powers than the will; the blood cease* to circulate; its physical properties are altered; its serous portion is suddenly thrown out upon f lic intestinal mucous surface of the body, the secretions arc nil arrested; and animal heat is no longer produced. Under such rapidly destructive, and almost universal derangement of function, the un.it energetic efforts should he directed to re-produce what the ilisi-HM- has rendered nature unable to keep up, viz. ¦ Ist. Fluidity, heat and motion in the blood. •Jilly. Regulated action in the voluntary and involuntary muscles. Lastly, hut above every other consideration, renewed energy in the ner> vous centre, thu source of all vitality and function. No remedy at nil approaching to the nature of a specific has been as yet discovered for this disease. In fact, no one mode of cure can be usefully employed under ull the circumstances of any disease. The grades of intensity, and the grouping of die symptoms with which spasmodic cholera makes its attacks, vary with the conditions of the subject; its treatment, therefore, must vary with these grades and conditions. Tin- leuding preliminary symptoms generally are, either diarrhoea, spasms, npopletic vertigo with nausea, imperfect vomiting, or various combination? of these symptoms. When the diarrhoea affords time for distinct treatment, it ought to be arrested at once by the most, prompt and. efficient measures — by opium in moderate closes; astringents; local bleeding by leeches, if the subject be plethoric; by cordials and sulphate of quinine, if there be cold sweats; by confining the patient strictly to bed, nnd keeping up heat; by diet; by emetics. Should spasms be the first and leading symptom, subnitrate ot bismuth, cupping along the course of the spine, cordial, and anti-spasmodic medicines, opium, frictions, and dry warmth are indicated. Bur when the patient is suddenly seized with vertigo, nausea, coldness, loss of pulse, hluencss of the skin, shrinking of the features and extremities, with more or less watery discharges and cramps; constituting an aggravated case of the worst type. Whether this state shall have come on without warning, or shall have supervened upon either or both of the preliminary sets of symptoms already mentioned, time must not be wasted upon inert measures. Sqch a patient will inevitably perish, and within a very few hours, if the paralysed vital functions be not quickly restored. Let him then be immediately placed between warm blankets, and should no medical person be at hand, let two table-spoonsful of common kitchen salt, dissolved in 6 oz. of warm water, be given immediately, and at once if he be an adult. Let dry and steady heat be applied along the course of the spine, and to the pit of the stomach, (if no other means be at hand) by a succession of heated plates or platters. Let the upper and lower extremities be surrounded with bags of heated bran, corn, ashes, or sand, and assiduously rubbed with a warm hand, and a little oil or grease to protect the skin. Enflti*. i-omplrfi! vomiting will probably br produced by (he salt; and per lap* bilious purging, with tftHMOttfA Should n riifilir.-tl iiMii be on the spot, n modrrate bleeding, if it can b«obiri«-il, would be desirable, previously to or immediately after the adtninisation of the salt, or of nny other ffiMilfl which may l»e preferred. The rxttMisivrly deranged action of those organs, whose nervea (ire chiefly crived from, or connected with the Hpinal marrow, I hit anatomical charac* crs found nbout that great aotirce of vitality after death, in many oaaea of ii.i ili*r;i.i»\ together with the success Mated by Dr. f,nngr, chief physician t Cronatiidt, to have attended the practice mentioned brlow, founded upon >eao views, in 18 out of 14 aggravated caaca, fully justify the following ecommendation: in cases auch aa thoae just described, let the actual cautery be freely applied to one or two or more place* on cither wide of the spine, as if for the purpoae of forming good sized issues. Should the heated iron have pro* duccd any excitement of the nervous power, and the salt emetic have caused any portion of the bile to flow through its proper duct, a great step will have been accomplished towards recovery from the stage of collapse. Cordials :mi'l npi.itrs judiciously administered; sinapisms and other external stimuhuts; mercurials, with mild aromatic aperients, which the intelligence and activity of British medical practitioners will not fail to adapt to the actual circumstances of each case, will conduct the patient safely to the stage of re-action. The organs during the collapse of this disease, probably owing to deficient vitality, often give no indication of having been acted upon by repeated doses of certain powerful medicines, which, under other circumstances, would have produced the most decided effects. It is therefore suggested that this temporary insensibility of the system should not inculcate the administration of auch quantities as could, by accumulation, when the organs begin to recover their vitality, give rise to unfavorable results. Thirst being a most distressing symptom of this disease, the quality and tempsrature of the drink should, perhaps, be left to the choice of the patient; but the quantity taken at a time should not exceed four ounces, and should be acidulated with nitrous acid, if the patient will bear it. Should the disease prove extensively and rapidly epidemic in a large cornunity, it would be prudent to establish stations of convenient distances from ach other, where medical assistance and medicines might be procured withit the risk of disappointment or delay. The details of these arrangements re left to the wisdom of local boards of health. As the symptoms of the consecutive stage of feverish reaction in cholera iffer but little, if at. all, from those of ordinary typhus, except, perhaps, in ie greater rapidity with which they but too often run to a fatal termination; nd as this kind of fever is treated in no part of the world with more sucess than in England, the entire management of this stage of the disease is eft to the zeal and science of the profession at large. Attentive nursing, and assiduous, well directed rubbing, are of the utmost importance; a strictly horizontal position, however, must be maintained until the heart shall have, partly at least, recovered its action. An erect or even semi-erect position, during the collapse, has been often observed to produce instant death. Warm baths, therefore, for this and other reasons, are worse 43 "I wem to bri contrn(n(lic.i««f|.for obflOUi reatofif. (lot nir bath*, no contrived if to hr applicable in n recumhmf ponluro, and admitting wren to thepnlionf for tno purpoM; of friction, may he of uae. \ I Itavo ill* 1 honor to hr, §\r t Your mciii obedient nerviinf, E. STEWART, Chuirman. l.» mi ' ¦ J