i Hti ■^>5ffJ BBS ; ,/r ( f • < S-"?^ " s ***?"?■-"- ""-*" ——:i!25^- /, •'the family GUIDE TO HEALTH AND HUSBANDRY: CONTAINING ESSAYS ON HOMEOPATHIC AND OTHER MEDICAL PREPARATIONS FOR THE CUBE 01" Diseases of Men, Horses, Cattle, and Sheep, AND IMPARTING USEFUL INFORMATION TO THE DAIRYMAN AND WOOL GROWER. Compiled by John IViesz. ° (?«: CANTON, PUBLISHED BT' DANIEL 8 HELL," Jf.' 1>. MDCCCLI. Printed by Gotshall & Martin, Canton. /rsy Arm** WBK N 6,76-f v\ DIETETIC DIRECTIONS FOtt THE REGIMEN OF THE SICK, DtTHlNO HOMOEOPATHIC TREATMENT. The needful dietetic observations, during Homoeo- pathic trei linent, ore comprehended under the foV lowing general rules:— The patient s'.'ould abstain from the u3e of every thing of a medical nature, and should partake of light and digestible food, fr? satisfy hunger; and of such drink as nature requires to aHay thirst. Agrceaby to this rule, the a iment may be classi- fied under the following subdivisions: !. hi acute diseases the appetite is generally im- paired, and only the lightest and wu simple kinda a2 4 DIET FOR THE SICK. of nutriment are proper; but in these cases nature herself usually dictates the needful abstinence, and the patient is allowed: Pure water, in preference to all other drinks: toast water, or water with the addition of clarified sugar, raspberry or strawberry syrup, barley water, rice water, thin oatmeal gruel, panada, gum Arabic water, whey, milk and water, preparations of arrow root, sago, and tapiaca; without any other seasoning, than a little salt and loaf sugar, or one of the syrups men- tioned. Most kinds of ripe succulent fruits, possessing lit- tle or no acidity, fresh, mellow-ripe, or prepared by cooking, and eaten in moderate quantities at a time ; such as grapes, melons, dried fruits, figs, raisins, pru- nes, dried currants, apples, peaches, strawberries, raspberries, and sweet cherries ; but no fruit whate- ver should be used in cases of colic or diarrhoea. After the more violent symptoms of acute disease, have subsided, and the appetite calls for more sub- stantial food, or in most chronic diseases, a wider range may be taken in the choice of aliment; and in such cases the following articles are allowed, in ad- dition to those already enumerated, viz: All kinds of light bread and biscuit not containing potash, soda, or other similar ingredients, not too fresh; cakes composed of meal, [eggs, sugar, and a lit- tle butter; buckwheat cakes not raised with ferment- ing powders ; light puddings and dumplings of wheat flour, Indian meal, rice, oatmeal, or bread, without DIET FOR THE SICK. 5 wines or spices; sances, hominy, Indian mush, rye mush, groats, pearl barley, potatoes, turnips, car- rots, spinach, cabbage, cauliflower, asparagus, green or dried peas or beans, (but these vegetables should not be used in colic or diarrhoea,) milk, not too re- cently from the cow, buttermilk, boiled milk, plain custard, cocoa boiled with milk or water, pure plain chocolate, weak black tea; butter, free from any rancid or unusual taste, cream, mild cheese, curds, and other simple preparations of milk; raw or soft boiled eggs and egg tea, (except in diarrhoea,) soups and broths of animal and vegetable substances, sea- soned with a little salt only; beef tea, chickens, pi- geons, turkeys, venison, and other wild game: beef, mutton, the lean part of ham, neat's tongue; fresh scale fish, (except salmon,) salt, sugar, ice cream, with the syrup of strawberries and that of other al- lowed fruits, not flavored with aromatics. Notes.—Should any of the allowed articles of diet disagree with the patient, on account of some consti- tutional peculiarity, or the nature of his disease, they should be avoided by him, though perfectly whole- some for others. The patient should not overload his stomach, nor oppress it with various or incongruous dishes. The demands of the appetite for solids are to be supplied at stated and not too frequent periods, and at no oth- er. Regularity in the time of eating is of great im- portance. The diet of children at the breast should not be 6 DIET FOR THE SICK. changed during their sickness; but in such cnsc*. that of the mother should be regulated according to the preceding rules. With the view of guarding against every extrane- ous influence calculated to disturb the due effect of Homoeopathic and other remedies, every article of spicy diet, and every other medicine ought to be a- voided—not only all medicines procured at the shops, and all such as are empirical; but every description of domestic medicines, as all manner of herb teas, syrups, medicated poultices, and irritating or medici- ual substances applied to the skin. All perfumery, particularly musk, hartshorn, enm- phor, Cologne water, eau de luce, or other aromatic waters, flowers used and smelled at for their odour?, cosmetics, and tooth powders must be avoided. The cure is disturbed even by hot bathing, or baths impregnated with herbs or sulphur, or other medica- ments. Linen, cotton, or leather, worn next to the skin, is preferable to woollens. When the nature of his malady will permit, the pa- tient should use moderate exercise in the open air for an hour or more every day; and his chamber should be subject to daily vendilation. Many more things are equally important. A good moral regimen places the patient in the most favora- ble condition for recovery. Labor, which diverts the mind while it exercises the body, should be daily ad- hered to in chronic diseases, at far as the strength will conveniently permit. DIET FOR THE SICK. For about half an hour before and after taking the medicine, the patient should abstain from eating and drinking. The use of tobacco in either way, is also strictly forbidden; and as much as possible abstain from much mental exertion. The Homoeopathic medicines are to be kept in clean, dry, and cool places, free from odours. The compiler would here also cordially refer the reader to a consideration of the constitutional sympa- thetic irritability, elements and temperaments of in- dividuals, which cause the medical virtues not to ha equally developed in every person, nor effecting the same curative power in one as the other, even in the same apparent disease, owing in a great measure to the complication of the disease, and the complexion- ed temperament and elements of the patient, who is not possessed of a proper equilibrium of the four prin- cipal elements of fire, air, earth, and water. The same difficulties are also met with in the lymphatic, sanguineous, plethoric, pneumoniae, and bilious af- fectioned persons, with their many customary and noxious habits of intemperance, commenced, follow- ed, from sheer fashionable habit, and lust of the flesh and the world, more than for health and worth in so- ciety. This causes'the practitioner to be constantly ex- ercised to detect in the varying symptoms, the indica- tions which will show one or the other remedy to be more appropriate to the case, from time to time, until a full cure is effected. 8 TABLET AND EXPLANATIONS. A TABLET MD Table of the dry Medicines contained tions, Antidot REMEDIES. ENGLISH & GEE-MAN NAMES. ANTIDOTES FOR TOO STRONG DOSES 1 Aeon. Aconi-tum nepellus. 2 Acid. Phospho-rus. 3 Antimonium Crudum. 4 Arnica Monta-na, Arn. 5 Arsenicum Al-bum, Ars. 6 Belladonna, Bel. 7 Bryonia alba, Bry. Monkshood, Sturmhut, Eisen-kraut. Phosphoric Acid, Phosphorsaeure. Crude Antimony, Schwefelpiesz-glanz. Leopardsbane, Wolferlei. Arsenic, Weiszer Arsenic. Deadly Night-shade, Tollkir-sche, groszer Nachschatten. White Bryonia, Zaunruebe, Gicht ruebe. Acetum Vinum, Sux Vomcia. Camphor or Coff. Hepar Sulphuris. Mercurius, Puis. Camph. Capsicum Ipecac. Verat. The juice of su-gar cane, honey-water, carbonate of potash & mag-nesia shaken with oil. Black Coffea, Camph. Hep. Sul. Opi. Pulsatilla. Aconitum, Cham. Nux Vomica. TABLET AND EXPLANATIONS. 9 EXPLANATIONS. in this Work, with their Abbrevia- es, Doses, &c. LARGENESS OF DOSES TO BE GIVEN TO HUMAN BEINGS. 1. 2 or 3 globules or 1 drop in a half tumbler full of water well stirred, or poured from one tumbler to another to dilute, and given by spoonsful, children half or less. 2. 1 drop of 2d or 3d dilution, repeated according to circumstances. 3. 1 grain of 3d, 6th, or 12th trituration accord- ing to circumstances. 4. 1 or 2 drops of the mother tincture, or 1 st or 2d dilution every hour, or repeated in 2, 3,4, 6, or 8 hours, for external use 30 drops of 1st tincture, in 2, 3, or 4 ounces of pure water. 5. 1 to 2 grains of the 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 6th, and 12th dilution or trituration. 6. 1 to 2 drops of 2d, 3d, 6th, and 12th dilution in 2, 4, 8; or 12 hours, and longer in chronic diseases. 7. 1 to 2 drops of the mother tincture, or 2d, 3d? and 6th dilution, once or twice daily. 10 TABLET AND EXPLANATIONS. TABLET AND EXPLAN REMEDIES. ENGLI9H * GER-MAN NAMES. ANTIDOTES FOR ! TOO STRONG DOSES 8 Calc. Calcaria Carbonica. 9 Ci'vo:i'.;i, China, Ipecac. Hyoscia-mus. Camphora. Coffea, Nitre spir. Aconitum, Coffea, Nux. Yom. Puis. Am. Ars. Bell. Calc. Ipecac. Camphor, Ipecac. Mercuriua Yi\v TABLET AND EXPLANATIONS. 11 ATIONS—CONTINUED. LARGEHESS OF DOSES TO BE GIVEN TO HUMAN BEINGS. 8. 1 grain of the 1st, 2d, or 3d trituration, once or twice a day, or once in two days, according to cir- cumstances. 9. 1 to 2 drops of the mother tincture, or 1st, 2d, or 4th dilution, in water. 10. The same as above—duration of effect, 4 to 48 hours. 11. 1 to 2 drops of 2d, 3d, and 4th dilution, onco or twice daily. 12. 1 or 2 drops of mother tincture, or 1st or 2d dilution. 1 or 2 times daily. 13. 1 or 2 drops of 1st or 2d dilution, once every 1, 2, or 3 days. 14. 1 or 2 drops of mother tincture, or 1st, 2d, or 3d dilution, once or twice daily. 15. 1 or 2 drops of the mother tincture, or 1st, 2d, or 3d dilution, one or two times daily. 16. The same preparation as the next previous, duration 1 to 14 days. 17. 1 to 2 drops of mother tincture, or 1st, 2d, or 3d dilution, in 6 or 12 hours. 12 TABLET AND EXPLANATIONS. TABLET AND EXPLAN REMEDIES, ENGLISH & GER-MAN NAMES. ANTIDOTES FOR TOO LARGE DOSES. 18 Hep. Hepar Sulphuris. 19 Ipeoac. Ipeca-cuanha. 20 Lycopodium, Lye. ' 21 Mercurius viv Merc. v. 22 Natrum Nitri-cum, Natr. nit. 23 Nux Vomica, Nux V. 24 Opium, Opi. 25 Pulsatilla, Puis. 26 Rhus Tox. Rhus T. 27 Secale Cornu-tum, Sec. C. Sulphurate of Lime, Schwefel-Leber. Ipecacuanha, Brechwurzel. Wolfsfoot, Bser-lap, Hexenmehl. Quicksilver, Lau-fender Queeksil-ber. Nitrate of Soda, Salpeter, saures Natrum. Poison Nutmeg, Brechnusz, Krse-henauge. White Poppy, Mohnsaft. Windflower, Kue-chenschelle. Poison Oak, Gift Sumach. Ergot of Rye, Mutterkorn. Bell. & Cham, if colic or diarrhoea give vinegar. Of large doses— tincture of galls, Am. Ars. China. Camph. Puis, a cup of black coff. Acid Nitrum, A-cid Phos. Arnica, Ars. Belladonna. Ars. Camph. Ni-tre spiritus. Of large doses— Wine, Coffea, Camphor, Opium. Of large doses— strong Coffea, Camph. Natrum, Ipecacuanha. Chamomilla, Coff. Nux V. Vinegar. Bryo. Camphora, Coffea, Sulphur. Camphora, Sola-num Nigrum. TABLET AND EXPLANATIONS. 13 ATIONS—CONTINUED. LARGENESS OF DOSES TO BE GIVEN PO HUMAN BEINGS. 18. 1 grain of 1st trituration every hour, or every 1 or 2 days, according to circumstances. 19. 1 or 2 drops of original tincture, 1st or 2d dilu- tion, from 2 to 6 hours or oftener in acute. 20. 1 grain of 1st, 2d, or 3d trituration, once or twice daily, according to circumstances. 21. Small doses of low and high dilutions, or trit- erations once in 1 to 7 days. 22. 1 grain of the 2d or 3d trituration, 1 or 2 times a day, oftener or longer. 23. 1 drop of 3d, 6th, 12th, 15th, 18th, 24th, or :10th dilution, once or twice a day. 24. 1 drop of 1st, 2d, 3d, or 6th dilution, once or more daily, or in two to three apart. 25. 1 drop of the mother tincture, from 1st to 12th dilution, once or more daily, according to circum- stances. 26. 1 drop of 1st to 6th dilution, once or twice a day or longer. 27. 1 drop original tincture, or 1st to 3d dilution, once or more daily. 14 TABLET AND EXPLANATIONS. TABLET AND EXPLAN REMEDIES. ENGLISH * GER-MAN NAMES. ANTIDOTES FOR TOO LARGE DOSES. 28 Sepia, Sep. 29 Sulphur, Sulph. 30 Veratrum, Verat. 31 Glonoine. Juice of the Cut-tlefish, Sepiensaft Brimstone, Schwefel. White Hellebore, Weisz Nieszwurz. See page 300 Aeon. Spir. Nitr. Dulc. AcidVini. Aeon. Camphora, Cham. Chin. Nux Vomica, pulsatil. Aeon. Camphora. Coffea. g@tt" Hahnemann, Jahr, and Hering say: The me- bules of the proper remedy, or dissolve two or three ing it effectually, and give a table spoonful to adult* TABLET AND EXPLANATIONS. 15 ATIONS—CONTINUED. LARGENESS OF DQSE8 TO BE GIVEN TO HUMAN BEINGS. 28. 1 grain of 2d to 12th trituration, twice a day or longer. 29. 1 grain of 1st, 2d, 3d, or 6th trituration, or of dilutions from the tincture in small portions, once or twice a day. 30. In acute diseases 1 or 2 drops of 2d for adulta —to children of the 3d dilution, repeated in half an hour or 1, 2, 3, or 4 hours. Noack and Trink say the same preparation of Aconitum. dicine may be used either by taking one or two glo- globules of the medicine in a tumbler of water, mix- aad a tea spoonful to children. 16 TINCTURES AND STEEPS. A LIST OF HERBAL TINCTURES AID STEEPS, Specifiedin this little volume, which are generally prepar- ed by the publisher, who also gives directions how to prepare them. 1. Alcohol, spirit rini; German—Weingeist, Alkohol. 2. Angelica sativa; German—Gemeine Angelica, En- gelwurzel. 3. Arnica Montana, Leopardsbane: German—Wol- ferlei. 4. Artemisia, wormwood; German—Zitwer, Cina. 5. Asafcetida, ferula; German—Stinkender Asand. 0. Asearum, assarabacca; German—Haselwurz. 7. Calendula, marigold; German—Goldblume. 8. Camphora, camphor; German—Kampfer. 9. Capsicum, Cayenne pepper; German—Spanischer Pfeffer. 10. Chamomilla, camomile; German—Feld-Kamille. 11. China, cinchona, Peruvian bark; German—Chi- narmde. 12. Cina, mugwort of Judea; German—Cinasaamen. 13. Coffea Arabica, raw coffee; German—Kaffee. TINCTURES AND STEEPS. 17 14. Cochlearia officinalis; German—Lceffelkraut, Scharbockskraut. 15. Cornus Circinatta, osier green and white; Ger- man—Nord-Amerikanisher Chinabaum. 16. Crocus Sativus, saffron ; German—Safron. 17. Dulcamarra, bittersweet, woody nightshade; German—Bittersuesz, Nachtschatten. 18. Eupatorium, boneset, thoroughwort, ague weed ; German—Durchwachs, Fieberkraut. 19. Hysopus officinalis, hyssop; German—Isopen- kraut, Hysop. 20. Ipecacuanha cephalis ; German—Brechwurzel. 21. Lavendula, lavender ; German—Schmalblsetteri- ge Lavendel. 22. Lobelia inflata, emetic herb, Indian tobacco; German—Brechkraut Indianischer Taback. 23. Morcurialis, mercury; German—Merkur, Queck- silber. 24. Opium papaver, white poppy; German—Mohn- sai't, Yi:i.;igblumc. 25. P.-rulus balsamifera, balm of Gilead ; German— G:■:! :.um, Balsambaum. 26. ! atilla pratensis, windflower ; German—Kue- c:jv ischelle. 27. F.r vm Rhabarbarum, rhubarb; German—Rha- l:-v ■ r. 28. Rurr,. ^raveolens, common rue; German—Gemei- ne R; ;c, Garten Raute. 29. Sambi .aa nigra, common elder ; German—Hol- lander. 18 TINCTURES AND STEEPS. 30. Sanguinaria, Indian puccoon; German—Blut- kraut, Blutwurz. 31. Secale cornutum, ergot; German—Mutterkorn. 32. Senegalia polygalia, rattle snake weed; German —Senega Wurzel, Rasselschwanzwurzel. 33. Solanum lycopersicon, tomato; German—Lie- besapfel, Goldapfel. 34. Sulphur, brimstone, fluor sulphur; German— Schwefel oder Schwefelbluethe. 35. Tabaccum, tobacco; German—Taback, Bilsen- kraut. 36. Tantcetum, common tansy ; German—Gemeiner Rainfara. 37. Taraxacum, dandelion; German—Lcewenzahn, Pfaffenrcehrlein. 38. Terebinthea, turpentine; German—Terpentincel, Lerchen, Terpcntin. 39. Teucrium, cat thyme; German—Katzenkraut. 40. Thea, imperial green tea; German—Chinesischer Thee, Kaiserthee. 41. Urticaurens, dwarf or stinging nettle; German Brennessel. [ TINCTURES AND STEEP*. 19 POSTSCRIPT. After a portion of this edition of the "Family Guide" was printed, and already in the hands of the book binder, the publisher became acquainted with the medical properties of the following valuable med- icine, which he takes great pleasure in introducing to his readers for their benefit: WallOO—Burning Bush. This tincture is a spe- cific remedy for chronic diarrhoea, dyspepsy, and in- termittent or chill fever. Dose from 10 to 15 drops, according to age and constitution, two or three times & day, or oftener, between the paroxysms, until they cease to recur. This valuable medical shrub grows in the north-western States of the United States, and is the remedy by which it is said that the Indians cure all their fevers. Those who desire to supply themselves with this valuable medicine, are referred to the article under the head of "Populus Balsamifera," on page 298, 299 for the manner of preparing it—the tinctures being prepared in the same way. The Wahoo grows to the height of three or four feet. AlcoU',1 Angelica Arnica Artemisia Asafoctida Assarum Balsamifera Calendula Camphora Capsicum Chamomilla Chiua Cina Coffea t Cochiearia officinalis t Cornus Circinatta Crocus Sativus Dulcamarra Eupatorium Hysopus officinalis t lp«caeaaaha Lavenduls t Lobelia Inflat* Opium Pulsatilla Rheum Ruta Graveoleni Sambucus nigra t Sanguinaria Secale cornutum Senegalia polygalia t Solanum t Sulphur Tabaccum t Tanacetum Taraxacum Terebinthea Teucrium Thea t Urtica urem Wahoo lodtuas A SHORT TREATISE ON THH USE OF ARNICA, AND A FEW OTHER USEFUL HOMEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS, TO HEAL CONTUSIONS, WOUNDS, STRAINS, SPRAIN?, LACERATIONS, CONCUSSIONS, PARALYSIS, RHEU- MATISM, PAINS, SORENESS OF THE NIPPLES, AND TO GIVE EASE BEFORE, IN, AND AFTER PARTURITION, &C. WITH A NUMBER OF CASES ILLUSTRATING THE USE OF SEVERAL DRUG?. COMPILED FROM THE BEST AUTHORS, By John Niesz. CANTON, OHIO: rUBLISHBDBT DANIEL SHELL, M. D. 1851. Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1851, DY DANIEL SHELL, M. D. in the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Dis- trict of Ohio. canton : printed by gotshall a martin, bast tuscarawas street. PREFACE. In presenting this little volume to the public mind, the. author has no greater object in view, than to be- nefit his fellow men, by communicating unto them in a plain style, the healing powers of a few medicines, which have not come to the knowledge of the commu- nity at large, as much as they deserve; and by cau- tioning them against the abuse of herbs, plants, oils, ajid minerals, which, if used too freely, will debilitate the human system and become a dreadful poison to the patient. It often pained the author, to see thousands suffering and spending their precious time and hard earned money in vain efforts to recover their health. To him it is a painful thought, that there are thou- sands, at this moment, a burden to themselves and their relations or friends, who, by means of an intel- ligible medical guide, might be restored to human society. They look for help where it cannot be had. They try different kinds of pills, panaceas, essences of life, &c, so clamorously praised and recommended by their inventors, for the sake of satisfying their love of gain. But still they are lingering with dis- ease ; deprived of that heavenly gift health. Although the writer and compiler of this treatise, is not of the opinion, that every man can be his own physician in all cases; yet a long experience and iv PREFACE. observations have satisfied him fully, that, in many instances, men might avoid expenses, and running the risk of entrusting their lives to pretending phy- sicians, equally void of skill, experience, and a good conscience, if they were not without a good counsel- lor teaching them the proper use of what are common- ly called remedies. This small volume answers two objects: First to bring before the public some medi- cines, the healing powers of which are now beyond all doabt, since they have been tested, in the most enlightened parts of Europe and this country; and. Secondly, to recommend a rational use of family me- dicines and remedies, according to that new system of healing called Homoeopathy. The writer has one principal desire, that is, let this modest compilation be fairly and impartially examined, let its contents be strictly obeyed, and he feels confident, that he has made good use of the hours spent in the compilation. The consciousness of baring beeu instrumental in re- storing health to thousands, will be his sweetest and richest reward; for it is Godlike to soothe the paiiid of the suffering, and to spread joy and blessings in the sphere of action which we are to occupy, till we are called to a higher, brighter and better world. THE AUTHOR. HOMEOPATHIC PRELIMINARY REMARKS. ITomcsopathy is a term derived from the Greek, by which Hahnemann designated a medical doctrine, founded on the immutable laws of nature, which is now spreading every day more and more, through- out the civilized countries of Europe, Asia, America and Africa, by reason of the brilliant results which it has attained within the last forty years; the princi- ples, in many instances, are directly opposed to those of the old school. This old school, to which its par- tisans apply the flattering title of rational, but to which Hahnemann applies, with more justice, that of allopathic, in order to denote in what it differs from Lis own, applied to the treatment of disease, means somewhat contrary to the symptoms of the latter, lor instance, calorifics against cold, refrigerants against fcbrile heat; or substances capable in themselves of 6 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. exciting a disease, which bears no relation to thnt which they are employed to combat. This latter me- thod is that which, properly speaking, merits the name of allopathy; the other being designated by that of antipathy. Setting out from an entirely op- posite principle, Homoeopathy combats disease only by substances which, when taken in large doses, have the power of exciting a similar one in man aud beast, hi a, state of health. For brevity's sake I will come to the use and bene- fits of a few drugs, and first speak of ARNICA MON- TANA. This invaluable medicine, hitherto not much known or used in this country, was known to many physicians, surgeons, and others in Germany, for nearly two centuries. Its medical qualities are of such a nature, that I deem it my duty to treat of it first in this treatise. In my view and experience, it is one of those remedies which ought to be in the possession of every family: for as to the healing of wounds, contusions, and bruises, it cannot easily be. surpassed. It will cure, and help to cure, a large number of diseases, to which the most circumspect and robust are subjected. Farmers and country peo- ple, in particular, living at a distance from a place where a good surgeon or physician can be had, will do well to provide themselves with a remedy or reme- dies, from which they may expert a sure, safe, and speedy cure, principally by the Arnica tincture and PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 7 dilutions, such as, bruises, falls, wounds, sprains, lacerations, corn-', swellings, &c. Let us now proceed and refer to a few diseases, where ARNICA has proved itself highly efficacious in producing a speedy cure. The tincture of ARNICA is also a very valuable medicine, iu all diseases caused by contusions and commotions of the internal organs. CONCUSSION OF THE BRAIN Is one of those diseases, that is generally caused ci- ther by a blow or a fall upon the head. A person whose brain has been hurt, drops down and is uncon- scious of himself; but soon reoovers and complains uf confusion in his head, giddiness, drowsiness, ting- ling and humming in the ears. In more severe cases of concussion, the patient i'ecovers not so soon from his unconsciousness; he lies.motionless without mov- ing himself, his face pale, the pulse weak but uniform, breathing easy, the eyes staring or insensible. In all cases of violent concussion of the brain there is more or less vomiting, and the arms and legs cold. A spee- dy use of the tincture of ARNICA applied to the hurt parts by washing the sore spot or spots, with the tinc- ture ; a linen cloth may also be wetted with a dilution of one part of the ARNICA tincture and three parts pure water; a mixture of three or four drops of the liucture mixed with three or four table spoons full gf 8 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. pure water, may be taken inwardly once or twice in twenty-four hours. Every excitement of the mind must be avoided in such cases. The use of spiritu- ous drinks and-seasoned food is strictly forbiiidei', inasmuch as they counteract the medicine, CONCUSSION OF THE BREAST. by a fall, blow, or knock with or against solid bodice, causes hard breathing, irregular beating of the heart, cough, spitting of blood, suffocation, and appoplexy. The instantaneous use of ARNICA tinctura applied and taken as mentioned in concussion of the head.— If very severe, a dose of Aconitum might be taken, be- fore or after the ARNICA, to abate the inflammation more readily. CONCUSSION OF THE INTESTINES AND S1MNAI. MARROW, endangers life, as well as those of the brain and the breast, although at first sight it may not appear so dangerous as the former. But it will yield to the same medicine, if applied as before recommended, in concussion of the brain. We will now speak of external contusions, bruises, pprains and lacerations. PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 9 CONTUSIONS OF EXTERNAL PARTS are another kind of wounds, which are safely and ea- sily cured by the tincture of Arnica. By contusions we mean injuries caused by a fall, blow, or knock with or against a hard dull body; or by pressure and violent extension. They are, commonly attended by swelling and inflammation. Contusions of the spinal marrow, of the head, chest, and belly are not to be overlooked, those of the joints of the thigh, knee, and ankle are dangerous ; because if neglected, they of- tentimes cause dropsy of the joints ; and white swel- ling will be the evil consequence. Apply to all ex- ternal contusions and bruises, the tinctura ARNICA, from twenty drops to a tea spoon full, or more, according to the extent of the bruise, and repeat the application several times a day. But if the skin is lacerated dilute the tincture with pure water, one- fourth of tincture to three-fourths of water, and wet with it a linen fold and lay it en the sore place. It is altogether superfluous to speak of the treat- ment of the many different kinds of contusions, bruis- es, and sprains: for every intelligent reader can judge for himself whit is to be done, according to the situ- ation of the different cases. Sore nipples, blisters, corns, bruises, and sprains of horses, and cattle yield, in a shut time, to the healing powers of this remedy. Paralytic weakness of some parts of the body, caused by too much irritation or too great exertions, if it is 10 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. not of too long standing, has likewise been cured, or at least much relieved, by the tincture of Arnica, Weakness of the eyes is oftentimes cured by rub- bing the eyelids with some drops of the tincture, allowing, at the same time the eyelias to be shut, and to have as much rest as possible. Weakness of the urinary organs, sometimes caused by, either a pressure upon, or by contusion and con- cussions, or by a mistreatment of inflammation of the bladder, (Cystitis,) may be cured or greatly relieved, by rubbing the part of the body, where the organs lie, two or three times a day with the tincture ARNICA, or wet a double cloth of linen and lay it on. It is also of great service, against the consequences of fear, or anxiety about the present and future world, hope- lessness, &c. Taken internally, it relieves hypochon- driacs who feel indisposed to do any thing cheerfulty. Stitching pains in the fore part of the head, and ach- ing in the temples, are removed by the use of ARNI- CA, internally and externally. According to good authorities, Arnica, taken in small quantities, is productive of very good effects in Gastric and Putrid fevers, which are prevailing in our country to a very great extent. The principal symptoms of these fevers are, loss of appetite, and aversion against all meat, at the same time that the tlurst is increased. The belly, or as it is called by physicians, "abdomen," is inflated but soft; consti- pation for two or three days, the stools are more black PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 11 and foetid than common, inclination to vomit, and cructions tasting like rotten eggs or meat; the pulse is weak, quick, and slipping, the tongue exhibits brown streaks along the middle. The patients com- plain of violent stitches in the lower part of the right side, at every inspiration. Take two or three drops iu a little water, two or three times a day. ARNICA is a very good remedy in dysentery, especially with a typhoid character, when characterized by copious, frequent decomposed stools, mixed with black blood, and having a cadaverous smell, the abdomen inflated, but without much pain ; dry, brown, coated tongue; weak, small pulse, with disfigured countenance. We also deem it our duty to advise the candid read- er of this treatise to consult, in serious cases, a good physician, if possible, a good Homoeopathist, and to caution all who seek relief in Homoeopathic treatment of diseases, against taking larger doses of medicine, than prescribed: for it is not the quantity, but the quality of a good medicine, that will have the salutary effect upon the patient. We remark here, once for all, that the opinion en- tertained by many, that a bad case requires a strong and powerful dose of medicine, is in a great measure erroneous. Let every one bear in mind, the weighty truth expressed in a 'figure, that is easily to be under- stood : " Behold how great a matter a little fire kind- leth." Although we have antidotes, by which we are enabled to check or destroy the bad effects of medi- 12 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. cine; but still, we would advise every one using the blessed Homoeopathic medicine, to obey strictly the prescriptions given here, and in other parts of this small volume. The Homoeopathic preparation of ARNICA may be advantageously employed against the painful effects of contusions, blows, falls, shocks, bruises, strains, sprains, and lacerations of the soft solids of the body. It is also a powerful preventive against milk fever, after parturition, and has a decided effect in reUev- ing pain from corns. ARNICA is, moreover, a spe- cific against the pain which is produced by drawing a cadaverous tooth, or setting artificial teeth, and may be used in all surgical operations, particularly after the reduction of dislocations, and the replacement of broken bones. In all these cases ARNICA should be used in the following way: Mix from fifteen to twen- ty drops of the Arnica tincture in a tumbler with four or five ounces of water, for very sensitive persons, and- bathe the parts with this solution, by applying to the wounds linen previously moistened with the dilut- ed medicine; the moistening may be repeated every one or two hours. Deep bruises, where the skin is not open, the tincture may be rubbed on several times, and the wetted linen compress applied, then repeat- ing, according as the injury is more or less severe, in one, two, three, or four hours. At the same time it is proper to administer ARNICA internally, by dissolv- ing three or four drops in a tumbler nearly full of pure PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 13 water, pouring the water with the medicine, ten or twelve times from one tumbler into another, and then giving a table spoon full of this solution every two, three, or four hours, until the pain and the constitu- tional irritation shall have subsided. The Homoeopathic preparations of ARNICA may also be advantageously employed to cure bad effects of Mercury, Arsenic, Quinine, and other superfluous in- fusions given to persons afflicted with the late epidem- ic diseases of Intermittent and Chill-Fevers, Fever and Ague, and Dumb-Fever, &c. Take of tinctura ARNICA a few drops, dilute it in a tumbler with four or five ounces of good clean water, well mixed by pouring from one tumbler to another ten or twelve times. Drink it in four or five doses, between the paroxisms of the fever for several days. Wash with a solution of one-fourth of Arnica to three fourths of pure water, wherever you feel pain, even the abdo- men or belly and back, when sore. Or when, by long lingering suffering of chill fever, in robust persons, let them take two or three drops of the tincture daily, in pure water mixed as before" said, and taken in three or four doses; and make a linen compress to cover the whole stomach, well moistened and saturated with the ARNICA tincture, on the near side, laid on the belly, renewed every evening. The same application has also been found effectual in bilious and nervous affections. Also in great fatigue and exhaustion of the nervous system. It is also observed, that indivi- 14 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. duals who have been suffering for a long time, with intermitting chill fevers, have accidentally lacerated or cut themselves in one of their limbs, and applied the healing ARNICA to the wound, and not only had the wound healed; but also found, that by the same application, the long sought cure for chill fever was also found. Cimex is also found to be a very effectu- al remedy for chill fever, taken internally. ARMCA is also found very efficacious in the an- imal creation; especially in wounds, bruises, contu- sions, blows, kicks, falls shocks, strains sprains, and la- cerations of the soft solids of the body. Tumors from cold on the elbow or joints; tumors on the head, en- cysted tumors, sanguineous tumors, castration, curb, docking, Ventures, fistula of the withers, luxation of the patclle, poll-evil, ringbone, spavin, splint, sprains and straining of all kinds, in any part of the body; apply the ARNICA wash and compress if ne- cessary, also, give internally if very severe; also for stings of b-:es and swelling of knees, legs, &c, wounds on k ices, legs, nose, tongue andej-^s, &c. Apply the \ RNICA tincture and dilutions external- ly, and if necessary internally islso. Contusions are cured in a very short time by the external applica- tion of the fueturc of ARNICA diluted with half wuter. It is only in very sever3 cases, that the me- dicine sho ild be employed interr.al'y. If a bone has been affected along with the soft parts, or if the Pc- riostiumL ' .en injured, give Ruta Graveolcns, and. PRELIMINARY REMARK8. 15 Symphytum should be given internally, several times in change, with ARNICA wash externally. If pos- sibility of failing in very severe lacerations or cicatrix Calendula is a valuable remedy. In docking and castrating operations give ARNI- CA to abate or prevent the traumatic fever, if inflam- mation or febrile effects are too high for ARNICA, give Aconitum or Arsenicum.—Sprain of the fetlock and strain of the loins, shoulders, tendons and haunch. ARNICA is the principal and inseparable remedy, with other additional medicine sometimes. Such as Aconitum, Symphytum, Rhus Toxicodendron, Bryonia, Xux Vomica, China, Sulphurum, &c. In wounds of the eyes Aconitum, ARNICA, Conium, Canabis and Belladonna, &c, may occasionally be given at inter- vals of twelve, twenty-four and forty-eight hours.— In concussion of the brain, in severe cases, give AR- NICA internally every hour for four or five hours in succession, also, have a fomentation of warm water in which some ARNICA tincture is mixed, and after the fomentation; apply the ARNICA poultice, of lin- en compress moistened on the forehead. In abortion the ARNICA ought to be given in the act and after. if signs of parturition be observed, Pulsatilla, Sabi- na, and Secale Cornutum in small doses, ought to be given, if after abortion or parturition, the coming a- way of the placenta or afterbirth is delayed, give first Sabina, then in a few hours Secale Cornutum. Spavin on horses of long continuance hath been 16 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. cured, by applying externally and internally the AR- NICA tincture, even such that were pronounced incu- rable, and were of many years standing. ARNICA is also a valuable remedy to give before and after parturition or delivery, give it in small doses. Let it be observed, that the female creation is much more susceptible near parturition, than at any other time. If it were more confidentially known, much suffering and premature death could be avoided by using ARNICA, and Pulsatilla, alter- nately once a week, beginning four or five weeks be- fore parturition time; with the human and animal female creation. For inflammation after delivery; Aconitum, and AR- NICA, contusions of any kind are easily cured by washing and moistening with ARNICA, contusions and lacerations of the female parts, by hard labor in parturition, are easily and speedily healed, by bath- ing with, and applying poultices of clean linen mois- tened with weakened tincture of ARNICA. Milk fever; one small dose of ARNICA should be taken after every false labor pain after parturition, it will abate the pain, and prove a preventive or cure of Milk fever and sore breast, three or four glo- bules or one drop of tincture into nearly a tumbler full of pure water well mixed, a table spoon full of the mixed water taken every two or three hours. Sore nipples; are cured by bathing them once or twice a day, with solution of ARNICA and water be- PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 17 f6re giving suck to the young. The nipples should afterwards be washed with water before giving suck to the baby; for the purpose of removing the Alcohol taste, Contusions and Bugilations of the hands, feet, fingers, and toes, by means of a blow with a hammer or other hard body, any bruise or sprain, caused in any way, may speedily be cured by the application of ARNI- CA. (See treatise on Arnica.) A FEW SYMPTOMS AND CURATIVE MEDICINES, FOR HUMAN BEINGS. Headaches. When headache occurs, accompanied with shoot- ing pains in the forehead, with cold hands and feet, the body easier when lying down, yet not able to sleep, Aconitum should be given; but if these symp- toms are accompanied with tenderness of the skin under the hair, the veins full, with noise in the ears, 20 MEDICINES and dimness of sight, Belladonna should' be given.— If the feeling is like intoxication, with pale counten- ance, palpitation of the heart, want of appetite, sit- ting down relieves not, but walking gives some relief then Pulsatilla is recommended, and washing the paiif- ful parts with ARNICA tincture mixed with one-half water, repeated every hour, in severe affections of headaches, or apply the tincture on going to bed. All injuries of the head by falling, knocking, bruises, &c, apply the mixed ARNICA. Headache from ex- cessive eating and drinking, take Xux Vomica. If it is caused by constipation, (costiveness,) use Nux Vo- mica. If bleeding of the nose accompanies, take Bryonia. Pulsatilla is a good remedy for aged fe- males, when headache pain is felt on one side, with depression of spirits. ARNICA is also very good for plethoric and lymphatic persons, weak, pale, and liv- id face, melancholy depressed feeling. Swelling of the face with toothache from taking cold, apply and take ARNICA. If very severe, Belladonna and Pul- satilla may also be taken inwardly; if it is extraor- dinary painful and red skM like erysipelas, give Mer- curius and Dulcamarra in exchange a few times, six or eight hours apart. For deafness give Mercurius, Chamomilla, Calcis Carbonica, and Pulsatilla, in succession, and wash around the ears with ARNICA. Bleeding of the Nose. When it arises from increase of blood running te FOR PERSONS. 21 the head, accompanied with quickened pulse, and a full habit of the system; when the bleeding is attend- ed with a tingling, crawling sensation, and the blood bright red in men, then ARNICA is the reme- dy. If bleeding of the nose occurs with females dur- ing the period of menstruation, Pulsatilla may be given. If the blood coagulates quickly in children or persons liable to inflammation, then Mercurius is an excellent remedy. It is well to give a dose of China ten or twelve hours after the stopping of the hemor- rhage, to prevent a recurrence of bleeding. Cold in the Head and Toothache. The most common symptoms of cold in the head, are such as running at the nose, sneezing, burning heat of the face, head painful and hot, and the whole body depressed, Xux Vomica, "Pulsatilla, and Chamo- milla may be given four or six hours apart, Belladon- na for a female. To children cutting teeth give Aco- nitum or Pulsatilla, if constipation attends give Nux Vomica, if dry cough, Chamomilla or Belladonna, a few globules, or a small drop in water. If the bowels are relaxed, Chamomilla. Convulsions in Children. (Fits.) If convulsions occur from dentition; Belladonna is the remedy, if a peevish, fretful irritability is present 22 MEDICINES give Chamomilla. Belladonna and Chamomilla har- monize in alternation. Arsenicum is also a good rem- edy given after Belladonna. If convulsions come from scarlet fever give Belladonna and Sulphur. If they come from worms give Cina and Mercurius. Erup- tions on children may be cured by Arsenicum and Ly- copodium, Belladonna, Rhus Toxicodendron. Itch like eruptions, Sulphurum, light doses, and grease with Balm of Gilead. Tincture or tea, (wash with.) Toothache, Odontalgia. When there is gnawing and shooting pain from, a hollow tooth, more particularly at night, the gum swollen, the tooth or teeth feel long, Chamomilla. If the pains run to the other teeth and ears, then Mercu- rius is the remedy. Pains in the teeth, proceeding from cold, and difficult to tell which tooth suffers, the cheeks red and the gums swollen, Chamomilla, Rhus Toxicodendron, and Pulsatilla. Belladonna may be used especially in females. When it stops aching, quit taking. Diseases of the Stomach and Body. Deranged stomach may be known by the following symptoms: Headache, attended with heat and stun- ning sensation; the tongue dry, with a yellowish coat, a bitter taste in the mouth ; fulness at the pit of the stomach, nausea, flatulence, and lassitude; give AR- FOR PERSONS. 23 MCA, Nux Vomica, and Chamomilla, if constipated bowels, with weight on the stomach, give Nux Vomi- ca. When it is caused by anger, with loss of appetite, bilious eructions, vomiting bilious matter, Chamomil- la is a specific. Pulsatilla and Bryonia may be used, the latter if shivering and constipation accompany the symptoms. If the stomach is overloaded with indi- gestible food, give Pulsatilla. If in the spring and autumn, when the weather is constantly damp, and persons too much confined, the symptoms are: gene- ral lassitute, headache, the limbs benumbed, much iu ill humor, the remedy is China, which also prevents an attack of intermittent fever, of which these symp- toms are often the forerunners. Weight on the stom- ach, with a feeling of pressure increased after eating, the tightness extending to the breast, shoulders, and back, palpitation of the heart, restlessness, constipa- tion, and pain in the head, Nux Vomica. Constipa- tion, a simple form of complaint, sometimes causes loss of appetite, unpleasant taste in the mouth, feel- ing of weight in the bowels with shooting pains. Nux Vomica gives relief. Pulsatilla is good for a person with a pale countenance and mild disposition. Vomiting and Flatulence, Flatulence generally arises from improper food, as vegetables in too great quantity, or having drunk new made beer. China quickly dispels these unpleasant 24 MEDICINES feelings, as well as Nux Vomica and Pulsatilla. If giving the two latter named medicines, regard ought to be had to the disposition of the patient; if he or she is violent and passionate, the first; if of a mild and peaceable character, the second ought to be given Vomiting, if it is owing to the derangement of food, as pork, unripe fruit, &c, Pulsatilla is the remedy. Be careful to eat and drink moderately. If there still remain nausea after the stomach is empty, and the first remedy has not succeeded, Nux Vomica or Bry- onia may be given. Chamomilla is the specific, if anger or constant grief has been the cause of produc- ing a kind of bilious fever. When accompanied by constipation, give Nux Vomica; when the contrary (diarrhoea,) Pulsatilla or Chamomilla; extreme irrita- bility of the stomach, suffering at the slightest excess of diet, Pulsatilla is a good remedy. Worms. (Lumbrici Ascarides.) If there is fever with colic, desire to vomit, hard- ness and distension of the abdomen, little slimy evacu- ations; the principal medicine is Aconitum, fol- lowed, at the end of a few hours, by C i n a , and after- wards Mercurius, Nux Vomica, and S u 1- phur. When violent worm fever give China.;— Symptoms often are, violent fever, great restlessness, delirium, face at times pale and cold, at other times red and hot, much rubbing on the tip of the nose, FOR PERSONS. 25 sometimes the nose stopped, tongue covered with mucus, breath short with dry hacking cough, abdo- men hot and bloated, no stool. Urine white, turbid, and flucculent, little sleep, screaming and jerking in sleep. Cina is the principal remedy. Mercurius, Nux Vomica, and Sulphur may be added if necessary. Scarlet Fever and Measles. Scarlet fever is known by a scarlet colour of the skin, which is effaced by the pressure of the finger. This scarlet colour extends over the whole body, be- ginning at those parts which are most exposed, as the face, neck, hands, arms, &c. Fever accompanies it throughout. When it begins to grow pale the skin peals off and becomes moist. The throat suffers in- flammation in a greater or less degree, through the whole course of it. B e 11 a d o n n a is the remedy for this disease, and it also acts as a preventive, with those who have it not, by giving them a dose every five days. (Aconitum first, if the throat is much in- flamed. Small dose.) One drop of Belladonna ■of X. dilution in water for several doses. Measles are frequently of a mild character, and are manifested by the following symptoms: dry cough, hoarseness, whc.ezing at the chest, pain in the throat, cold in the head, frequent sneezing, flow of acrid matter from the nose, redness, heat, and pain in the eyes, easily 26 MEDICINES affected by light, swelling of eyelids, and headache, in a few days increased fever, in which the eruption makes its appearance, consisting of red spots of une- qual size, which soon join together. The greatest eruption is when the fever is the highest, which de- creases gradually for seven days, when the skin peals off. When the fever is high give a small dose of Aconitum. The symptoms of cold sometimes also require Pulsatilla to be given. Pulsatilla is a preventive to this disease, the same as Belladon- n a is to scarletina. Give it every four days to pre- vent. Erysipelas and Nettle Rash. By erysipelas is understood a superficial inflamma- , tion of the skin, accompanied with swelling of the part affected. The redness which characterizes ery- sipelas is never very livid and degenerates in a few hours to a yellowish paleness, when it gradually turns to the natural color of the skin again; the part affect- ed is tense, burning and painful. When the pain is great and the fever violent, a dose of Aconitum calms both symptoms, which should be followed in eight or ten hours by Belladonna. This remedy is indispensable when there is severe pain, which is increased by motion. The Rhus Toxicoden- dron is the remedy which may be used to allay the symptoms in the absence of a physician. Washing FOR PERSONS. 27 with ARNICA dilution is also very effectual. Nettle Rash is an eruption which shows itself in the form of small round spots of the size of a pin's head, always visible, with constant irritation, particularly at night. Chamomilla and Sulphur are the specific rem- dies, preceded by Aconitum in repeated doses. if the fever is very great, then waiting four or six hours before you give one of the two former remedies. When loss of appetite and fulness of stomach accom- pany, Pulsatilla will not fail to dispel them, whilst Rhus Toxicodendron, and * D u 1 c a - m a r r a are very applicable. Piles, (Hemorrhoids,) and Jaundice. The principal causes of piles are, sedentary life, stimulating drinks, and spicy, high seasoned food, &c. Nux Vomica will give relief, Arsenicum may be given one or two days after. These remedies will likely only relieve for a time; have the former repeat- ed and add Sulphur for a real cure. Jaundice is known by the yellow color of the skin and eyes; when it arises from anger, which it frequently does, give Chamomilla. Loss of appetite, bitter taste, and constipation generally accompany, then give Nux Vomica or Bryonia. Intermittent and Chill Fevers. The principal medicines are, Aconitum ARNI- 28 MEDICINES CA, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Bryonia. China, Cimex, Nux Vomica, Pulsatilla, Rhus Toxicodendron, Sulphur, &c. Nervous and Yellow Fever. Shivering alternately with heat, or internal and ex- ternal heat, with burning heat in the face, in the fe- ver give Aconitum, Belladonna, Bryonia. and Nux Vomica; in time of debility give Rhus Toxico-dendron, Arsenicum, and China: against vertigo (headache) give Mercurius. Yel- low fever generally is engendered by the miasmatic exhalations of the marshy air of low lands. Nux Vomica, Arsenicum, and China are good remedies. Diarrhcea or Purging. For diarrhoea in children while cutting teeth, and acrid discharges give Chamomilla; in undigested diet give C h i n a and Pulsatilla; in watery diar- rhoea give Dulcamarra. Women in pregnancy may take Lycopodium. Watery diarrhoea with cutting pain drawing from the lower part of the ba<:k to the^ thigh, in such cases give N u x V o m i c a . When there is no appearance of bile in the watery discharges, and tlrey look whitish, give Secale. In nocturnal diarrhoea preceded by cutting and twisting FOR PERSONS. 29 pain in the bowels, often to stool, give Sulphur. Also in watery diarrhoeas of infants during dentition, give Sulphur. In cholera morbus and other like diarrhoeas, give Ipecacuanha repeatedly, as of- ten as an emotion takes place, afterwards when restless give Arsenicum. Dysenteria attended with great heat, the discharges consisting of scybala, with blood and mucus, give China and Nux Vomica. Bel- lad., Dulc, Rhus, and Sulph., are advanta- geous medicines in dysenteries. Dyspepsy and Constipation. Among the critical symptoms of dyspepsy are, mor- hid actions of the stomach, which impair its digestive energies, such as, inormal sensation in the region of the stomach, vomiting of acrid and gastric fluid, or other morbid secretions, nauseous bad tastes, consti- pation and diarrhoea are common symptoms, with heavy and burning sensations, pressing puins, &c, The most beneficial medicines are Nux Vomica, Sulphur, Bryonia, ARNICA, Belladonna, Arsenicum, and Sulphur. In pressure of the Htomach with costiveness give Nux Vomica and Sulphur; in gnawing pains with burning pressure give Arsenicum and Belladonna; in fulness of stomach with flatulent eruction, Bryonia and Nux Vomica; in vomiting of bitter mucus or acid take Arsenicum, Belladonna, and Nux 30 MEDICINES Vomica; with weakly females, Chamomilla and C hina. Cough and Hoarseness. The most common form of this complaint is provok- ed by a tickling in the throat, uneasy respiration, mid dull stoppage in the head. Nux Vomica, Sul- phur, and Pulsatilla are the remedies. In chronic spasmodic croup, coming on L' or 3 times in twenty-four hours, Arsenicum, Belladonna, Ipecacuanha, and Pulsatilla. For hoop- ing cough give ARNICA, Aconitum, China, I> ell ado mi a, and Bryonia, the two latter in all suffocating symptoms; and for these symptoms you may employ Sulphur with great success, Angina. (Inflammation of Throat.) The most important remedy for inflammatory soro throat, is Aconitum. Belladonna, Dulca- marra, Heparsulphurus, and M e r c u r i u-s are the remedies. Croup affections are perhaps the most fatal among all the diseases, that prevail among the infantile world, thousands of attacks have been insurmountable by human skill; and principally on account of untimely attendance with curative means, Whenever croup symptoms appear, which are a shrill hoarseness, with barking cough, croaking and shrill FOR PERSONS. 31 voice, with quick hard pulse, flushing heat, red and bluish cheeks, with soreness in throat. When these or similar symptoms appear delay not rvcn in the midnight hour, be up and busily engaged in apply- ing the following means: first, give Aconitum, and immediately prepare a warm water bath in a warm room, bathing tho feet and hands half way to the knees and elbows, rubbing with hand or soft flan- nel, giving Aconitum, every ten or fifteen or more minutes apart, until perspiration appears; then wi[icv off clean, put to a warm bed and give Hepar S u 1 p h u r u s ; should a relapse appear, pursue the Bume course; keep the patient warm and dry. Rheumatism and Gout. Tho symptoms of this disease, with its painful ef- fects, need not be particularized here. If different parts of the body at the same time, such as the limbs, teeth and head are affected give, Rhus Toxico- iloiidron; if the suffering part is inflamed, tho treatment may be commenced by Aconitum; when inflammation has subsided and motion increases the paiu Bryonia is the remedy. Rheumatism that ia in the limbs only, accompanied by swelling, Pulsa- tilla may advantageously be given. B e 11 a d o n - pa, is a very valuable remedy in inflammatory Rheumatism, especially where Aconitum was gi- ven. Lycopodium is very good in pain of back 32 MEDICINES and hip joints; Nux Vomica, may be added a few days after in bilious persons; rending and shoot- ing pains in shoulders or thighs extending to the fin- gers and toes, Arsenicum, and Rhus Toxi- codendron; with gouty pains Aconitum, AR- NKLV, Nux Vomica, and Sulphur are good. Sore Breasts, and Whitlow. This first painful affection sometimes secretes the milk, in new suckling females. Pulsatilla brings the milk to its proper source. ARNICA to heal" the sore nipples and breasts; take a dose of Arnica inwardly, and an application of a mixture of one part of the tincture, to ten parts of water to wash the nipples with as soon as the child leaves them; then before the child sucks again, wash or sponge them with lukewarm water, repeat frequently. Sul- phur may be taken if ARNICA relieves not in scro- fulous persons. If swelling and inflammation of the breasts, accompanied with shooting pains, are found, give Bryonia or Belladonna; the latter when redness is visible. Whitlow, Felon, Mercurius, Sulphur, and Sepia are the principle remedies, for this painful affection, if given twelve, twenty, and thirty hours apart. Wounds and Bruises. In wounds it is necessary to wash the parts and FOR PERSONS. 35 bring the edges of the wound together, and keeping it in that position by binding with strips of linen or narrow strips of adhesive plaster, a dose of ARNI- CA should be given; ARNICA dilution applied on the wound, if very painful Coffea, may be taken; if inflammation attend Aconitum, and Pulsa- tilla: in bruises apply the ARNICA as before said. Burns, Scalds, and Chilblains. The best remedies for burns are Sapo Domes- tic u s, a few drops of which may be mixed in a small glass of water to take in six, twelve and twenty-four hours, externally apply warm Alcohol or Oleum Terebinthca, or Urtica Urens; overlay the wound with rags, and keep moist with liniment. The Urtica Urens tincture must be diluted, one part of tincture to five parts of water. Moisten the burn with the latter, and your other moistened rags over it and then covered with other clothing to keep the spirits from evaporating fast; ARNICA is good also. The pain of chilblains is relieved by the use of AR- NICA externally Nux Vomica, Chamomilla and Pulsatilla. Belladonna or RhusTox. i* good internally. Boils, Warts, and Corns. Furunculus, Boils ARNICA and B e 11 a d o nn a are 84 MEDICINES FOR PERSONS. the principal remedies; Nux Vomica, Lycopo- dium, and Sulphur are also very favourable to them. Warts, and Corns; externally apply ARNI- CA tincture, internally take occasionally once in two or three days Dulcamarra or Sulphur; cut off the hard crust before applying the ARNICA. All kinds of lameness, pain, tumours, and stiffened limbs or joints, may be greatly benefited by continu- ing the application of ARNICA externally and inter- nally. In spurious Pleurisy, Rheumatism, Paralysis or Palsy, wash and rub in well, repeat once or twice a day, the ARNICA. Mental Diseases, Melancholy, &c. Mental disorders arc more successfully treated by letting ARNICA precede Aconitum, Arseni- cum, and Belladonna. Sulphur, and Pul- satilla are also indicated when there is great anx- iety of dying, starving, and pain in head and side. When fear of individuals, give Car bo Vegeta- ble. Also wash the painful parts with ARNICA. A FEW SYMPTOMS OF CURATIVE MEDICINES THE DISEASES OF HORSES, The ARNICA is again one of the principal medi- cines in all animal affections, similar to that of nuu Exanthemes, (Eruption.) The history of cxanthematous diseases is one of the approbia of allopathy, as well hi human as in veteri- nary medicine. It was reserved for Homoeopathy to 36 MEDICINES throw on this subject, as well as on many others, a bright light, which must fill with admiration of Hah- nemann's sagacity, every man whose eyes are not wilfully blind. There must be some internal peculi- arity, wholly foreign to the external exciting cause, wliich determines the form and direction of the dis- ease, and constitutes the germ whence the latter pro- ceeds. This germ of the majority of diseases, chronic diseases in particular, has received from Hahnemann the name of Psora, because numberless examples have proven to him, that the inanitions, with which persons are in the habit of treating the itch, lice, and other eruptions, are the sources of a great majority •of the derangements of health. Psora exists in a greater or less degree in all men ; its developement is according to circumstances, under such or such a form of disease, and resembles in some measure a root which puts forth towards the skin branches and flowers, which go by the name of exanthemes. It appears, then, that the eruption is not the disease itself; but merely one of its products or symptoms, that requires a rational treatment directed against the root of the disease, which vegetates internally. In order, then, to cure the exanthema radically, with- out injury to the health, this root must be completely extirpated. The truth of this doctrine is put out of doubt, by the success with which Homoeopathy, by means of remedies which it designates antipsorics, so frequently cures with readiness. There is no doubt FOR HORSES. 37 but Psora exists in animals also. Two principal causes of exanthemes are distinguished; some are dry and others moist. The former presents itself at first, under the appearance of small pimples which scale off, and the place they occupied is covered with a farinacious powder, and produces generally a dis- tressing itching. This stage of the disease calls for 8 u 1 p h u r for some time, which is the principal rem- edy for all exanthemes; and which requires in cer- tain cases, only the concurrence of other antipsoric medicine. After Sulphur, Sepia. When some parts of the body are divested of hair, the Natrum Muriaticum, or Lycopodium are given after Sulphur. Bryonia may be given after Sul- phur, in very violent itching. In very severe itch- ing in tail and mane, or ulcerous lumps under the skin, after Sulphur, Arsenicum and Rhus Toxicodendron are the principal remedies. Anasarca or Dropsy. China, and Arsenicum given in exchange. Lycopodium is also found very beneficial in ex- tensive Anasarca. Pulsatilla and Arsenicum when dropsy comes soon after strangles, and is at the same time accompanied with Diarrhoea. Bryonia when there is constipation and hard breathing. Dulcamarra and Belladonna when swelling comes from sudden exposure to cold, and accompa- 2 58 MEDICINES nied with symptoms of strangles; Secale al- ternately with Arsenicum, and then followed with Sepia, has a very good effect Anticor or Tumours. A round inflammatory swelling, about the size of a fist which forms on the chest, opposite to the heart One or two drops of Aconitum followed by AR- NICA, this last is also a remedy externally, for bruis- es, and contusions. Fungus. Hurtful excrescences, of collar, saddle, or harness. Arsenicum internally and ARNICA water exter- nally is a tried remedy in such cases. Chamomil- la is chiefly recommended when the rubbing is on the withers. ARNICA applied externally a few times in twenty-four hours. Sepia is very useful in the treatment of those fungous excrescences commonly on the heels. (Edematous Swelling, (Scratches.) This disease first presents itself in the form of a swelling, which lessens by exercise but a1 ways re- appears after long standing and increases very much after a few days' rest. After the swelling continue* FOR HORSES. 89 a while at and below the pastern joints, a liquid dis- charges itself by small pores from the heels, which soon becomes turbid and sanious, so as to corrode the ekin and destroy the roots of the hair. The inflam- mation and pain make rapid progress, so that the animal can no longer bear the least pressure, and limps very much; and when at rest, holds the foot off the ground. Arsenicum, Mercurius, and Sulphur are the principal, Secale alternately with Arsenicum has produced excellent effects. Wash well with ARNICA tincture; if not permanently cured by the foregoing give several applications of Fish Oil, and after it apply the common Tanners' Oil. Phthiriasis, (Lice.) Horses which are not kept clean, and badly fed, are frequently much tormented by vermin, and there- by exhausted; to destroy the lice make an ointment of one part of bruised Parsley, and three parts of Lard, which is spread over the hair of the animal by means of a wisp of straw in the hand. Internally give Sabadilla, and Sulphur, andif the ani- mal is very weak China. Swelling of Teats. Should there be inflammatory tumefaction, a dose 40 MEDICINES of Aconitum followed by Mercurius or Bry- onia seldom fails to diminish the swelling. Tetters, Which are generally met in the horse in a dry form, are the result of an internal disease (Psora) recognised by the appearane of numerous small pim- ples collected together, which after a certain lapse of time becomes a scab devoid of hair, very itching at times; Sulphur, Aluminse, and Rhus Toxicodendron are the principal remedies; when there is violent itching Sepia, and Dulcamarra, and if healing proves difficult, give Arsenicum. Sanguineous Tumors. Owing their form, to an effusion of blood into the cellular tissue, for instance to laceration of a small bloodvessel, to a blow or fall, &c, ARNICA wash. If they suppurate make, a lotion of ARNICA and W a t e r to foment with; also, administer some doses internally. Warts. Some are hard and dry, others soft and spongy moist, more or less painful. The principal treat- ment of the former are Dulcamarra and Sul- FOR HORSES. 41 p h u r, if sore around the surface take Arsenicum or S e p i a, if many small numerous warts on hips or •lsewhere Calcarea Carbonica is the remedy. Burns and Scalds. It has been ascertained by experience, that a strong tincture of Urtica Urens employed externally, cures burns with great promptness. ARNICA inter- nally and externally is valuable; Sapo Domcsti- c a s, diluted in water, given internally, is very good. Castration, (Altering.) Some doses of ARNICA are useful to prevent and stop the Traumatic fever internal^. It is of great benefit to wash the wound with ARNICA water, which if repeate I several times, also destroys in the bud several occurrences, that sometimes prove dan- gerous. For tumefaction of the belly, which some- times happens after the operation, give Arseni- cum followed by Sulphur. Contusions or Bruises, Are cured in a very short time, by the external application of ARNICA tincture, diluted with water. It is only in very bad cases, that this medi- *3 MEDICINES ftine should be given internally. If a bone has befti affected with the soft parts, or if the periostium has been injured. Instead of ARNICA, Ruta Grave- olens, Symphytum internally and externally. If harness badly made or ill applied, occasions in- juries on the breast, back, and shoulders, there is sometimes bleeding excoriations, wliich when neglec- ted readily passes into inflammation, and suppuration and is often difficult to cure. ARNICA applied in- ternally and externally, soon cures all lesions of th * kind. Bryonia alternated with the external em- ployment of ARNICA, is very useful in the treatment of colts, which we desire to break, and accustom to draught, sweated and galled from the pressure of the harness. Pulsatilla, and Arsenicum are also of good effect, when the wound or bruiso suppurates; when fungus excrescences appear give Sulphur. Fistula of the Withers. This disease soon increases in depth, attacking th© ligaments, cartilages of tho vertebrae. DT the acci- dent is still recent, itris cured without much difficulty. by moistening the part affected very frequently with ARNICA mixed with water, by way of fomentations: fomentations are also very good when pressure has produced thickness or hardness of skin. When the fistula tumor is not much hot, or if it be of long FOR HORSES. 43 »tanding, Pulsatilla ought to bo given internally. If the pus is of a bad fetid quality Mercury ia to he employed; when the edges of the ulcer arc hurd and everted, accompanied by pain and inflam- mation, with the pus of o^or, Arsenicum in tha remedy to be employed internally. Poll-Evil. This term is applied to a large and very painful tumor behind the ears, at the juncture of the head with the neck. It is a very serious disease, the tu- mors thereof very frequently degenerate into ulcers of a bad character, the affection often involves the mu-clcH, ligaments, bones, &c, and thus destroys thj me of the animal. We should commence the treat- ment with several doses of Aconitum, which will Bometimes cure it in the begiuuing of inflammation; next employ ARNICA internally and externally. Mer- curius, Pulsatilla, and Sulphur should bo employed, or Silicia and Dulcamarra. Ringbone, Is an osific deposition seited on the coronet joint of the foot, at one side or all round the joint, which mostlv causes serious lameness, and sometimes two or more feet are affected at the same time. One of tho principal remedies to be employed is Rhui 44 MEDICINES Toxicodendron, which frequently relieves the accompanying lameness. If after its use some swell- ing remain, we should have recourse to ARNICA ex- ternally and internally, Calc aria, I odium, Ly- copodium, Silicia, &c. Phosphorus some- times proves very efficacious. Spavin, Consists in an inflammation of the ligamentous con- nexion of the head of the small metatarsal with the inner cuneiform bone of the hock, and interferes more or less with the movements of the hock; the contigu- ous surfaces being rough and inflamed, the articular cartilages being transformed into bone. The lame- ness frequently disappears with work; but if the animal is allowed to rest for a time and then trotted again, the lameness becomes more perceptible.— With regard to the remedies at the commencement, we should employ Rhus Toxicodendron inter- nally. ARNICA wash externally repeatedly. Aho, Silicia, Arsenicum, Sulphur, &c. internally. Splint. This term is applied to an exostosis of greater or lees size, which usually comes after a contusion of fatigue or of great exertion ; they are generally sit- uated on the inner small metacarpal bones of the FOR HORSES. 45 fore legs, although it is frequently seen on the 'out- si de, and seldom on the hind legs. At first they cause lameness, but after some time the lameness ceases, without they grow large to interfere with the joint. ARNICA internally and externally. If the tumor is of long standing, it will not easy disappear. ARNI- CA, Silicea, and China the last also externally, alternately with ARNICA, will be a good treatment. Rhus Toxicodendron, Causticum, Ruta Graveolens and Mercurius are also of great service in this complaint. Sprain in Fetlock Joint, Is by heat swelling and lameness on uneven groun d. ARNICA, Rhus Toxicodendron, and Sul- phur are the remedies employed. Sprain of the Loins. This affection often depends on a leap descend- ing, a slip, or turning round quickly in the stall or elsewhere. If severe it is difficult to cure; if it be but slight, the horse flexes or lowers his hind quar- ters when walking, staggers when trotting, is startled when pulled up suddenty, and has some difficulty in moving backwards. If the affection be more severe, the animal cannot move back, and can scarcely ad- vance a few steps forward, he drags the hind legs, 46 MEDICINES and the quarters tremble when he walks, and in mora severe cases are unable to walk, and will constantly be lying down. If the affection is produced by ex- ternal violence, apply ARNICA wash frequently. Rhus Toxicodendron internally, also Sym- phytum alternately with ARNICA, Nux V o m i - ca, and Sulphur in change alternately, continu- ing for a long time. Straining in the Shoulders. This injury occasionally doth happen from a sud- den shock a horse may receive, by slipping in gallop- ing, leaping, or in many other ways, which causes the muscles of the shoulder to lose their contractile power in a great degree, so as sometimes to drag the toe of the hoof on the ground, in the beginning of the treatment it is necessary to put on the foot of the in- jured shoulder a shoe raised about three or four inch- es from the ground, which mechanical means will greatly assist the medical treatment. The plan of thia shoe is sometimes, to rivet two shoes together the proper distance apart, with three rivet nails, the un- der shoe to be smaller than the upper. The further treatment is to place the animal in a loose box or stall to foment the muscles of the shoulder with hot water, then to wash with Arnicated water warm, and to give ARNICA inwardly, and external wash. And if ARNICA fail in this, give Ferrum. Keep the ani- FOR HORSES. 47 mal on light or green food. Rhus Toxicoden- dron, Bryonia, and Sulphur, will befounduse- ful when feverish. Strain of the Haunch. T-his affection is the result of severe straining of the ligaments, by a false step, a slip, or violent effort in drawing; but lameness may also occur from Rheu- matism ; nothing perhaps is more difficult to detect, Its presence can only be admitted when an attentivo examination is made, and the animal does not readily allow* his haunch to be examined, and differs in spav- in. ARNICA should be employed and the Tincture applied externally. Ledum or Ferrum almost a Kpecific internally; Symphytum, Arsenicum, Nux Vomica, or Rhus Tox. may have good ef- fect Stings of Bees. The sting of one bee or wasp, is of but little con- sequence, but when a multitude of these insects havo fallen on a horse or other animal; the pain, inflam- mation, and swelling may go on so as to cause tho animal's death. ARNICA employed externally and internally, is an excellent remedy. Urtica Urens was also a specific in such cases. 48 MEDICINES Swelling of the Knee, We have more than once proven ARNICA, Pulsa- tilla, and China; in indolent swelling of the knee, if much pain give China, if of long standing give Lycopodium, and Sulphur. Varix. Is caused by local dilatation of the Saphena vein in the place where it passes over the inner surface of the hock joint. It is a soft elastic tumor, often pro- duced by violent efforts in drawing. ARNICA exter- nally, Rhus Toxicodendron is the best remedy internally. Wonnds, (Contusions.) All the superficial lesions made with sharp or bruising instruments, require the application of AR- NICA water externally, which very frequently pre- vents inflammation or suppuration; ARNICA should also be given internally. If the bones are affected have recourse to Symphytum. If luxation or dis- location has taken place, Rhus Tox. internally, and ARNICA externally; very profuse bleeding soon yields to pledgets of lint or such like material, soaked in ARNICA or Millefolium, which are to be intro- duced into tho wound. In great debility from the FOR HORSES. 40 loss of blood give a few doses of China. Great in- flammation calls for ARNICA alternately with Ar - senicum. Wonnds of the Eyes. Lesions of the eyes by mechanical causes, such as blows, strokes with the whip, punctures, &c, are generally followed by inflammation of greater or less severity, wliich should be treated first, by giving Aconitum after which Arnica should be employed internally, and externally, will soon accomplish r* «ure; if this should fail give C o n i u m; if some want of clearness remain give Belladonna, and Cana- bis. If bruised and bloodshot ARNICA is the rem- edy. Ophthalmia. Two species of inflammation of the eye are dis- tinguished, the acute and the periodical. The latter affection is commonly called Moonblindness. Acute ophthalmia is generally occasioned by noxious influ- ences, to which the animal has been exposed. The conjunctiva is more or less red, and the organ is sensible to the impression of light, causes it to close its eyes fully or in part. The lids are swollen, and on the inner side, the globe of the eye floating with tears, and eometimes mucus to glue the eyelids together, &c. 60 MEDICINES First, give Aconitum every two hours, and wash with ARNICA water; if this should fail, give C o n i - um or Belladonna; after a few doses of Aco- nitum, Cannabis, and Belladonna alternately also. Catarrh. This disease is sometimes produced by the sup- pression of perspiration, caused by a draught of air, or standing too long in the cold air after having been ased or driven fast, which often turns to catarrhal fever, and yet differs much from strangles; but yet it may be confounded in its less duration, as well as In the absence of some symptoms, which apper- tain exclusively to the latter. In its simplest form, the affection renders the horse slow and indo- lent; he snorts ircquantly; there runs from his nose a colorless watery fluid, which gradually becomes thicker, and at length is discharged in flakes. A c o- nitum, ARNICA, and Sulphur are good. When it is more severe, the horse is burning hot all over tho body and very restless, his breath hurried, he eats lit- tle, has constant thirst, and no discharge from tho nose. We must here have recourse to Aconitum and Belladonna, after which Rhus Tox. has been found very serviceable. If there is much cough give Sulphur and Bryonia. When the brain is affected and symptoms of stupor appear, Digitalis, ARNICA, (internally and externally,) and Bella- FOR HORSES. 61 donna are to be administered. Mercurius, Ar- senicum and Pulsatilla are also very favorable remedies. If deglutition, with fits of suffocation ap- pears, the mucus discharge may be kept up by Spongia and Bryonia. Hemoptysis. In this disease the horse discharges, by the nose, a quantity of bright red frothy blood, accompanied with cough, difficult breathing, with great beating in the flanks. If it come on after an external lesion, AR- NICA should be given at intervals of two or three hours repeatedly, then a dose of China. Hydro tho rax. Dropsy of the chest is developed by a considerable quantity of fluid collected in the thoracic cavity of the ohest. The horse becomes dull and weak by degrees, with a disinclination to move, during which time he holds his head in one position. The respiration is difficult, and at each inspiration a groan is heard. The mucus membranes of the mouth and nose are pale, the tongue is white, the urine clear and limpid, the alvine evacuations soft, the appetite worse, tho extremeties cold, the hair erect, the legs are very cold up to the knees, and the ears also, motion causes pain. China and Arsenicum alternately are the chief 52 MEDICINES means to be employed. Lycopodium and Pulsa- tilla may also be found serviceable. Inflammations. Aconitum is the chief remedy of every species of inward inflammation, in the same manner as Bry- onia is in all cases of external and hot inflammatory tumors. Aconitum internally and ARNICA an- swer a very good purpose. Depraved Appetite, Is sometimes caused by vermicular affections, or by some irritation in the intestinal canal, from which the animal endeavors to rid itself, by eating wood, lea- ther, earth, &c, with so much the more greediness, as its taste for ordinary food becomes impaired.— Turning up the hair, debility, and emaciation are the usual consequences of this chronic disease, which eventually causes the death of the animal. The chief remedies to be employed in its cure are Pulsatilla and Nux Vomica. Sepia is suitable when there is an extraordinary appetite. If there is great debil- ity China is to be employed; if from worms, Chi- na, Merourius, and Sulphur, &c. FOR HORSES. 58 Loss of Appetite, Is when a horse that fed well hitherto, but no longer •ate his provender, or throws it about and moves away from the rack; it is sometimes difficult to know the cause. We know that an animal laboring under an acute inflammatory affection, will not cat much until a cure is in part effected, for which em- ploy Aconitum. Frequently there is inflammation of the tongue, gums, or throat, which prevents the animal from eating. In such cases two doses of Mercurius twelve hours apart will effect a cure. Sometimes the diminution of appetite is caused by a morbid state of the stomach, or an excessive quantity of food, Arsenicum and Pulsatilla. If it is from great fatigue Nux Vomica and China are the chief means. Colic, Is a disease that is frequently very dangerous; but generally yields very readily to Homoeopathic reme- dies. The causes thereto are various. The principal symptoms are, that the animal refuses its food, beats or paws the ground with its fore feet, raises the hind feet towards the belly, frequently looks at its flank, the tail frequently quivers, the feet are close together, and throws himself on the ground, rolling about bloat- ed, and sometimes perspirating. The treatment.ia 04' MEDICINES always to commence with a dose of Aconitum, repeated once or twice at short intervals of fifteen, twenty, or thirty minutes; if the symptoms are not allayed in fifteen minutes after the third dose, then give Arsenicum. Very frequently the repetition of this remedy is necessary, or alternate with Aco- nitum. If tho colic is from constipation, or if cos- tivenessfollow, give Nux Vomica and Pulsatil- la. In severe constipation add ARNICA and Ly- copodium. Worm Colica. Worms in the intestines frequently occasion symp- toms which bear a great analogy to attacks of colic, or perfectly resembles them; for the horse strikei with the tail, raises his hind feet towards the belly, throws himself and rolls on the ground, rises up, and then eats as usual. A dry cough, with a dead look- ing coat of hair, shaking after drinking, moving ita tail to the right and left, striving to rub his hind parte and tail against different objects, licks the wall, ruba his upper lip, he has almost continual rumbling in his bowels, the dung at times liquid and fetid. After Aconitum we should employ China, Nux Vom- ica, and Marum Verum. Belladonna, China, Sulphur and Mercurius are good remedies. FOR HORSES. 6fi Diarrhcea. The most prominent causes of diarrhoea or purging, are long continuances of unwholesome food brackish or mineral waters, undue purgation from medicine, verminous affection, sudden changes from warm to aold, &c. Treatment; if caused by worms, we must administer C h i n a, Sulphur, and Spigelia. The medicaments that are found most useful in vari- ous kinds of diarrhoea are Aconitum, Arseni- cum, Bryonia, Pulsatilla, Mercurius, Nux Vora., Sulphur, &c. If there be feverish symptoms give Aconitum. If the foeces smella offensive Arsenicum. If from change of tem- perate heat, to cold give Bryonia; in slimy evacua- tions Mercury, and NuxVomicajin any stage Sulphur may be added. Gastritis. This disease is rather uncommon in the horse, yel it has a very dangerous effect, by reason of readily passing to gangrene. The animal affected with it ia very restless; throws himself on the ground, then stands up, turns himself, scrapes and strikes the ground with his fore feet, frequently looks at his bel- ly. As in most inflammatory diseases, the pulse ia hard, the respiration difficult, no appetite. The borse frequently looks as if he was yawning or biting, 56 MEDICINES his whole body is of a burning heat, the mouth dry and hot; if neglected death sometimes takes place in forty-eight hours. The ordinary causes are excess of food, fresh clover, and exposure to cold. Aco- nitum, Arsenicum, and Carbo Vegeta- bi 1 is are the chief remedies ; Pulsatilla, and Antimonium Crudum are good. Hernia, On an animal is perhaps more critical then in a human body. Abdominal hernia, is often occasioned by great effort in drawing a heavy load, leaping over a wide ditch, &c. Such efforts occasion through a le- sion, in the parietes of the abdomen the protrusion of a portion of intestine, which produces a subcuta- neous tumor, soft and indolent. This tumor increases gradually if not attended to, or the animal is made to continue at severe work. The horse sometimes evinces great distress, even not to pass anything through his bowels ; the swelling inflames, and soon gangrene supervenes, which quickly proves fatal. To cure an abdominal hernia, we are to fix very tight- ly in the swelling a plug made of tow, secured and kept on by means of a tight girt, left on four or five days. ARNICA is to be administered internally, of- ten or at least three or four times a day, the animal kept quiet on light flalulent food, and a little ARNI- CA externally applied; and should inflammation FOR HORSES. 57 have already taken place, Aconitum should be given several times. If the intestines appear exter- nally through a large wound in the abdomen, the part is to be washed with warm water, and dilated. The animal if possible to lay on the opposite side; the intestines are to be replaced by compressing them al- ternately with the fingers of the two hands, steeped in sweet oil or clean lard; the muscles and skin are then drawn over the opening, well sticthed together, and ARNICA employed externally and internally; if much inflammation also Aconitum. Indigestion, Or overloading the stomach, an animal laboring under indigestion has a staring coat of hair, and an unhealthy appearance, shortness of breath, and dis- like to food. If this is the case employ and give An- timoniumCrudum, and Coffea Cruda, Ip- ecacuanha; when there is loss of appetite, and constipation give Nux Vomica; when watery Btools Arsenicum. It is not uncommon when shedding their coats, for delicate horses to fall into a state of debility, which strikes to the digestive or- gans, and prevents their appetite; a couple of doses of China then a dose of Nux Vomica which may be followed by Sulphur, and found to be very advantageous. 68 MEDICINES Abortion. Mares with foal are exposed to abort when they are worked too hard, or ridden without a caution; it may also be caused by a fall, or blow, &c. In the latter case ARNICA must be used at once in order to prevent it; as also Rhus Toxicodendron if there has been luxation, sprain, &c. If the signs of parturition be observed Pulsatilla, Sabina, and Secale Cornutum, the first generally pre- vails. If after the abortion the coming away of the after birth be delayed more then three hours, we must give first, Sabina, and then Secale Cor- nutum. Should these means prove ineffectual, we must have recourse to manual interference, and pro- ceed to detach the placenta, by the rules of art Parturition Difficult. In general when mares with foal are not over work- ed ; moderate work is better than none, if not abus- ed they seldom need manual help. It is of great ben- efit to give a few doses of ARNICA and Pulsatilla, five or six days apart commencing five or six weeks before parturition time. When the animal evinces great restlessness, before effectual pains come on Chamomilla, Pulsatilla and Canabis are then useful. If the milk is slow in coming, give Aconitum, and Chamomilla. ARNICA in inflammation. FOR HORSES. 60 Incontinence of Urine. Pulsatilla is the chief remedy for the disease, for the cure of which, we may also employ Rhus Toxico- dendron and China. If the urine is continually escap- ing, employ ARNICA, Pulsatilla, and Spigelia. Nephritis. Affections of the Kidneys are generally dangerous In an acute form, and are accompanied in general, with very severe symptoms. It often appears after external violence, more especially on the lumbar region. The ordinary symptoms are, continued fever, pulse quick and hard, depression of the back and loins, and straddling walking are indications of acute pains; when we lean or press on the back and loins, unavailing efforts to void much urine, and that some- times bloody. Aconitum commences the treatment when there is much fever, after which the principal remedy is Xitrum, Nux Vomica, Cantharidts, Phos- phorus, $c. In chronic nephritis, when the sight ia affected with a wild look, give Belladonna. When there is much uneasiness manifested, give Cannabii, Svhhur, and Mercurius. Kidneys, Pains of. If pains in the kidneys are caused by prolonged pressure, this affection never fails to yield in a vary 60 MEDICINES short time, to the external treatment of ARNICA water wash—a few days' frequent washing will cure. If there is contusion of the spine give Pulsatilla. When there is hot tense swelling in the ribs give Bry- onia, and wash with ARNICA. Satyriasis, immoderate venereal Appetite. The remedies employed in this disease are, Can- tharides, Platina, Nux Vomica, China, Sfc. If there are no signs of venereal desire give Lycopodium. Sterility, (Unfruitfulness.) In this disease give one drop of Cannabis, and afterwards Mercurius. Repeat these remedies several times. Calcaria Carbon and Phosphorus are also good remedies in sterility. Parotiditis. By this term we designate inflammation of the large salivary gland, situate under the ears along the pos- terior edge of the Jaw. The tumor is of considerable extent, is hot, tense, and paiuful on pressure; tha animal eats and drinks with difficulty, he holds the .head stretched out, a little inclined to the healthy Bide if any. ARNICA wash, Aconitum, Mercurius, FOR HORSES. 61 Sulphur, and Lycopodium, are recommended. If it turns by neglect to suffocation give Belladonna. Inflammatory Fever. We give this name- to more or less high fever which accompanies almost all inflammations. The principal remedy is Aconitum at intervals of fifteen minutes, covering the animal until sweat comes. When this fails Mercurius. ARNICA is the most useful in trau- matic fever, associated with external inflammation. The medicine ought to harmonize in each particular case ; for instance, Belladonna in encephalitis, Spon- gia in angina, Bryonia in perepneumonia, Arsenicum in interitis, Cantharides in cystitis and nephritis, 8t\t. Putrid Fever. This disease, although of unfrequent occurrence in horses, causes great prostration of the vital forces: it is always the consequence of a full developed Psora. It is chiefly observed in horses which have lost much of their strength, and are debilitated by fatigue, or the bad quality of their food, &o. The hair of the animal begins to stare, some febrile shiverings conwi on, the pulse small, soft, and compressible, the pulsa- tions of the heart are felt strong on the left side. The horse is dejected and sad, he holds his head down and gradually loses all appetite. The eye is dull, 62 MEDICINES generally half shut and bleared, mouth hot and full of aaliva, ears cold, tongue covered with whitish mucus, breath hot and fetid, foeces soft and fetid, frequently scrapes with the fore feet, lies down frequently, and at last no more stands up. In certain cases the head Is much swollen, the respiration difficult a yellowish and fetid mucus flows from the nose and mouth, death almost always occurs when the legs swell. This dis- ease is contagious, and consequently requires the most prompt separation and seclusion of the animal affect- ed. At the onset of the putrid fever give Ipecacuan- ha, then in one or two days give Arsenicum. When the disease is fully developed give Natrum Muriati- cum, as a preventive. To healthy horses give the last remedy once or twice in a week. You may also have recourse to China. Thuja for suppurating tumors. Sulphur ought to be continued for a long time once per day. Traumatic Fever. This fever arises sympathetically from local irrita- tion ; there appears to be much difference in horsest aa to nervous irritability, the slightest wound affect- ing some and bringing on sympathetic fever, whils ethers are but slightly affected. ARNICA and Aco- nitum are tho principal remedies. FOR HORSES. a* Catarrhal Fever. This disease is generally predominant at the spring or fall of the year; but mostly prevails at the latter period. The symptoms are generally those of com- mon fever, succeeded by catarrh in its worst form, with extreme oppression and prostration of strength. When there are febrile symptoms give Aconitum, and if the animal continue weak and languid it should be followed by Arsenicum. The other remedies recom- mended, are Mercurius, Belladonna, Bryonia, and Pulsatilla. Respiration, (Heaves.) The symptoms generally are, cough and heaving for breath, with thumping in the sides, hair staring, dry mouth, cough almost to suffocation. The princi- pal remedies are, Bryonia, Squilla, Sulphur, Arseni- cum, Ipecacuanha. Arsenicum to be given at inter- vals with any of the other medicines. Strangles, Is a disease which attacks young horses in general, and chiefly in spring and autumn; it is frequently observed after an exposure to heat or cold, under tha influence of bad weather, or by the transition from green pasture to dry food and stabling. The precur- sory symptoms are, dulncss, perceptible weakness, 64 MEDICINES impaired appetite, redness of the pituitory membrane, lachrymation and frequent dry cough. The disease commences usually with slight fever, an albuminous fluid flows from the nostrils, of a clear and limpid quality, which becomes thick after some days and takes the appearance of thick mucus, looking whitish, the submaxilary glands swell, and are painful to tho touch, the swelling soon fills all the hollow between the lower jaw, so as to interfere more or less with the respiration and deglutition. There is generally a copious flow of saliva from the mouth, appearing very much like catarrh. In such symptoms the strangles are said to be light and mild; and in general get well in ten or fifteen days, with or without the aid of art; some doses of Dulcamarra considerably diminish the duration of this mild form of strangles. But very frequently the strangles present themselves with a more marked inflammatory character. The pulse is hard and full, the respiration hurried and difficult, and accompanied with great heaving of the flanks, violent cough, tumefaction of the glands and painful, the eyes secrete tears in abundance, the eyelids are swollen, the mouth is hot and full of vicious slaver, nose dry and its mucus membrane inflamed, appetite gone with severe thirst, dung small and scanty, and the urine suppressed. Here we are to prescribe above every thing else, two doses of Aconitum, then one dose of Dulcamarra every day. If simultaneous- ly with the swelling of the glands of the eye, there be also tumefaction of other parts of the head, it is FOR HORSES. 55 good to give a dose of Belladonna, or when the swell- ing is accompanied with serious humor, dropsical, a dose of Arsenicum. If after eight days the tumefac- tion hath not diminished, some doses of Sulphur, one every two hours, (or rather Hepar Sulphuris,) which softens it. after which it will disappear, or come to a point fit for to open. It is good to keep the latter warm for some time, by covering it with sheep skin or flannel. It will be best to let the animal drink water with the chill off. If the animal runs at the nose, and merely the respiration is short, employ Belladonna, and then Arsenicum. Many more nymptoms of malignant strangles, and bad effect* from strangles might be presented, which some- times terminate in glsmders, or in putrid fevers. Here then the above medicines will no longer suffice; but must adhere to Hepar Sulphuris, (one dose every six hours,) Belladonna, Spiritus Sulphuris. If these means fail we must then employ Baryta Carbonica in repeated doses. Pulsatilla and Sulphur are always very serviceable in counteracting nasal discharges of a bad character. Sulphur, in frequent repeated doses, [two or three per week,) and above all, Arsenicum are the chief remedies to be employed, when the niucua membrane of the nose is inflamed and ulcerated. Atrophy, (Sweney,) Or the diminution in the size of the fleshy parts, depends chiefly on the want of activity in the nerves, «« MEDICINES rxvasioned by some strain and morbid state of tlio svstem. The regions of the body where this wa^tiun is most frequently observed, are the shoulders, the hips, the flanks, and the legs. In the treatment of this disease employ ARNICA, China, Arsenicum, Sul- phur, Rhus Toxicodendron, and Sepia. Bursal Enlargements, Arc generally indolent swellings, which begin in the joints or tendonous sheaths of the legs. Those that come on the hock are sometimes called bog spa- vin, and those situated on the sides of the legs just above the fetlock arc called wind galls. Repeated doses of ARNICA and wash with the Tincture mixed half water is the best remedy, and Rhus Toxicoden- dron internally and externally is next. Lycopodium and Arsenicum are also much recommended. Very frequently they are cured by the means of Rhus Tox- icodendron, followed by Ledum, every ten days. Farcy, Depends on the same causes as glanders, and like it propagates itself by contagion ; and makes its visi- ble appearance on the surface of the body, where it manifests itself by tubercules and ulcerations. There arc a great number of round ulcers, or what is com- monly termed farcy buds, which are developed o» FOR HORSES. 67 different parts of the body, at first generally on tho interior of the thighs along the course of the lympha- tics. These pimples are at first very small, hard, and indolent; by degrees they enlarge, become inflamed, open, and then form small round holes, from which there is discharged an ichorous pus, &c. The horse Buffers much, loses his appetite, the hair falls off, the mucus membrane of the nose is pale and yellowish. Occasionally the horse is attacked with glanders or putrid fever, and if not cured, dies at the end of two, three, or six months. The cure is to be attempted by the same means as for glanders or putrid fever. Hippozcninum, Arsenicum, Sulphur, and Assafce.tida ure the uieaps employed. Dulcamarra, Mercury, An- timony, &c. are good. Fatigue. After great fatigue, severe drawing, or running, &.O., one of the most usual consequences of excessive weariness is loss of appetite. In inflammation givo Aconitum, in great soreness give Rhus Toxicodendron, Cannabis, &c.; in great excitement or pain give Aconi- tum. If the legs appear numb or palsied employ ARNICA, when swelled Rhus Toxicodendron, Arsenic aim when the legs are stiff. Feed on light digestive food. MEDICINES Rheumatism. Neuralgia, rheumatic pains in the limbs are indica- ted chiefly by attacks of sudden lameness, which affects one part or the other, which sometimes super- venes during a state of repose, and yields to motion; at times they break out of a sudden during motion, and disappear in the state of rest. Acid N i t rum. Nux Vomica, and Sulphur are the means to be employed. The horse by times moves with diffi- culty, and keeps his feet crooked under him; the hoofs are then usually hot and painful. Some dose* of Aconitum followed by other medicine recom- mended in the article founder, and in addition if not cured by those, give strong doses of Bryonia (six or eight drops of the fourth dynamization) followed by Rhus Tox. and Sulph. Wild Look. Wildness of look is a symptom occuring in different diseases, and one which merits serious attention every time it is carried to an extreme degree. Bel- ladonna, Opium, Stramonium, and Ar- senicum are then indicated as intercurrent reme- dies. . Bruise of the Sole. When horses travel or work barefooted, on hard FOR HORSES. 69 stony or dry roads, the sole of the hoof becomes bruised and painful, which makes them limp more or less. This injury yields to a few doses of ARNICA' internally; but if very severe, a poultice must be prepared of boiling water and bran, first mixing some tincture of ARNICA in the water, and let it be put in a leather boot, in wliich the affected foot should be placed, and when the sole is very painful, so that the animal is fearful to put its foot on the ground, Arsenicum, JRhus Tox. and Belladonna may be given also. Contracted Hoof. A deformity of the hoof, which consists in a nar- rowing of the heel, and causes compression of the sensible parts, more particularly of the heel and sensi- ble frogs; it generally produces lameness, and is fre- quently attendant on disease of the navicular joint, the causes thereto are here avoided. The hoofs are fever- ish; the hoofs therefore ought to be kept moist by means of a cloth cut out to the proper shape, and tied round the pastern with a piece of tape which should be very frequently saturated with cold water in which ARNI- CA or Rhus Tox. tincture has been mixed. The quarters on the side of the hind parts should be raspr- ed tlun and cut down so as to give the frog a bearing on the ground, when the shoe is off. The seat of the ehoe should be levelled outwards, giving the quarters 70 MEDICINES a tendency to expand. The feet should always be stuff- ed with a pad of tow dipped in ARNICA water, which tow will last for months, if taken out when the horse is required for use; if the feet are hot it should be wetted and replaced two or three times a day. It will easily be kept in, by splitting a piece of cane or tough wood, and putting it across the sole of the foot under each side of the shoe. A mixture of sealoil and tar renders the hoof tough. Sulphur, Rhus Tox., Mercurius, Sepia, and Graphites for internal use. In decay of the frog to cure, is to clean well, wash with ARNICA, give Sulphur, China, and Lycopodium; repeat these medi- cines, for the cause is a chronic one deeply seated, &c. Founder, Which consists in an inflammation of the tendons, muscles, articular ligaments, and even of the extrem- ities of the bones, and the laminaj of the foot,— ordinarily attacks the fore feet, rarely, and only in the severest cases the hind feet arc affected. The cause is frequently by overfeeding, of indigestible food, particularly when they have not enough exer- cise. Another cause is excessive fatigue, and sudden exposure to cold. It frequently supervenes on hard riding or driving, &c. Founder is generally accom- panied with fever; the animal is melancholy, he refuses to eat, is stiff in his movements, and fre- quently cannot raise his limbs without evincing acute FOR HORSES. 71 pains, he trails his feet along with great difficulty. In the stable horses so affected approximate the four feet towards each other, and there is no little difficul- ty in making them relinquish this attitude. Tho treatment varies with the cause. I. Founder by sudden Exposure to Cold.— Aconitum when there is paralysis with inflamma- tory symptoms; Arsenicum when febrile shiver- ings come on after the animal has taken a cold drink;* Bryonia is a capital remedy in all affections occa- sioned by cold; Rhus Tox. when there are severe pains in the feet; Arsenicum when the sole is painful; Aconitum alternately with Nux Vom- ica, Petroleum when the affection is of long standing. II. Founder by Excess of Fatigue. — Aconi- tum if the horse steps quite short, makes deep inspirations, his his breath hot, and pulse accelera- ted ; Opium when he holds the head low, and the legs widely separated, and the pulse weak; Coffea Cruda in the same case if Opium has failed ; Rhus Tox. is an excellent remedy when the feet are pain- ful ; ARNICA in rigidity of the legs with inflamma- tion of the sensible part of the feet; Nux Vomica when the abdomen is drawn up, and the animal refuses to eat; China when the feet are cold. If a little delay has been made, and in consequeuce thereof a violent fever commence'1, give a few doses of Aco- nitum without delay, which should be followed by 72 MEDICINES Rhus Tox., and the hoofs are to be enveloped in cloth soaked in ARNICA water. III. Founder from Excess of Food.—Aconitum is the first remedy. If signs of inflammation are ob- served a dose of Aconitum should be immediately given, and after a few hours Arsenicum; ARNICA may be employed in rigidity of the limbs, and in inflammation in the feet; Bryonia in doses frequently repeated in hydarthus or funguous swelling; Nuz Vomica when there is paralysis, abdomen tucked up, and an aversion to food, ic. IV. In Chronic Founder, some doses of Sulphur must be employed; the remedies indicated by exciting cause will then act better and more expeditiously. When the disease has been neglected, and alteration of structure has already supervened in the feet, we can scarcely any longer expect a favourabZe issue: however we have often seen Arsenicum, ARNICA, and Petroleum produce a perceptible improvement. Further, as it is not uncommon for different inflamma- .tions to break forth from and after founder, consult articles: Inflammation, Inflammatory Fever, &c. — Aco- nitum, repeatedly given, has also a desirable effect in chronic founder. Glanders, Is contagious in the highest degree, and hitherto' declared incurable. Glanders is one of those diseases) FOR HORSES. 78 of the horse which is most dreaded. It is character- ised by a discharge from the nose, and in general from one single nostril, of a purulent grumous mucus. which adheres to the edges of the parts, and forms thick crusts of a yellowish green color. This dis- charge is occasionally green or bloody, and emits like the breath, an extremely fetid odor. The eye of the name side sometimes discharges a v&cid mucus, which gathers in considerable quantity in the inner angle. The pituitary membrane is either pale, or of a deep and bluish red color, with red points, and traversed with ulcerations, which secrete the bloody ichor, and bleed if slightly touched. The chief remedies are Hipoze- ninum, one or two doses every week, Arsenicum, one dose each day, is a good remedy if the disease is nop too far advanced. Sulphur, Arsenicum, and l.ii- < opodium are very useful in the treatment of cutane- ous tubercles, which often precede the appearance of glanders. Arsenicum alternately with Assa- I'oe ti d a answers a good purpose. Hemorrhage, Is a discharge of blood which takes place, from jomc part or other of the body, after a rupture or injury of a vessel. Those produced by external lc- ijions are checked by compresses soaked in ARNICA or Mill/folium water. When a large blood vessel is torn, wo must secure it by ligature. In partial divi- 3 74 MEDICINES sion of an artery, the best way is to completely divide it, both ends will then contract, and in a little time tho hemorrhage will cease by applying ARNICA wa- ter. To prevent traumatic fever give ARNICA; if dobility ensue from loss of blood give China. Rabies, (Hydrophobia,) Occasioned by the bite of a mad dog, is 0113 of tin tnost formidable diseases which can affect the horse or other animals. Too often all our efforts r.re una- vailing to prevent its frightful effects, and it is not one of the le.ist services derived from Homoeopathy, that it has in sonic cases cured both man and animals, " Tho horse which has been bitten by a mad dog, whose tooth often scarcely grazes the skin, after sometime appears sad, with the head down aid the eyes closed, and evinces not the least appetite for f iod. The ears, mouth, an 1 legs are c jld, the hair bristled, and a slight shiver runs from time to time over the skin. Violent convulsions come on, a mucus dhrclunge takes place from the mouth, and the eyes look furious.— Tji» Hoiueeopat'.iic treatment of this formidable dis- ease is simple and often effectual. The wound is to foe washed clean and carefully, as soon as it can bo done, and it is then to be covered with a compress soaked in water to which there have been added some drops of liclludonna tincture, from three to four drop* of Belladonna are then also to be given internally, FOR HORSES. 75 and this dose to be repeated, at first every other day, and towards the last, every six or eight days, for at least six or eight weeks, constantly continuing the external treatment, until all trace of the wound has disappeared, which often happens on the third day. Hyosciamus and Strammonium are also good remedies. To Dr. Hering we are indebted for a remedy which acts with still greater promptitude, and no less cer- tainty. This is Ilydrophobine, one dose of which is to be given every two days, to be continued for ten or fifteen days. When a dog has rushed into a herd . f horses or colts, give unto all the same medicine as a preventive, every third day, at first. DISEASES OF OXEN AND CATTLE. Among our domestic animals, horned cattle were undoubtedly those, the diseases of which there was a necessity of studying earlier than those of other ani- mals. Not only did the first shepherd people, the Israelites, observe the diseases which attacked indi- viduals ; but also of their useful animals. Also, tho two most civilized nations of the old world, the Greeks and Romans, endeavored to ascertain and cure the diseases of their domestic animals. We have proof of this in the details gixen to us by Ho- mer and others. Though the horse was the favorite animal of those nations, they were obliged to study the diseases of horned cattle. Improvements have preliminary remarks. 77 been made until the present century. In this centu- ry many efforts have been made, and arc still making, to improve the knowledge of, and cure the many dis- eases that are prevailing among the human family and animal creation. Reference might be given to many eminent authors; but for brevity's sake t?e forbear. Horned cattle are usually designated, with sheep and goats, under the general name of ruminantia, or ruminating animals. It is not difficult for a close observer to distinguish a horned beast when sick from one that iB healthy. The animal generally refuses to eat, he does not ru- minate, nor does he lick himself; he remains sad, holds down the head, appears wearied and disinclined to move, keeps lying down more frequently than usual. The milk disappears in cows, or undergoes more or less perceptible diminution; sometimes it undergoes a change in its composition. The alvine dejections are, in general, more scanty, hard, solid, and of a black color ; or else there is diarrhoea, wa- tery, mucous, or bloody. In the breeding of horned cattle there are four tilings to be observed, or considered: tho milk, fat- tening, the increase, and improvement of the breed. The production of the milk and fattening are connect- ed with the mode of feeding. It is by the latter means, and also by the kind of stabling, that we can tueceed in improving the natural state of cattle. 78 preliminary rhmarks. Iu reference to the Homoeopathic treatment of horned cattle, experience has proved abundantly, that they require stronger doses than the horse. One or two drops, of from the fourth to the twelfth dynami- zation, would suffice for a horse; the double of that, and sometimes even three times as much would bo requisite for an ox. The best form of administering the medicine is the watery solution, that is the mix- ture of from two to four drops of the medicine with one or two hundred drops of pure water, which is to be poured into the animal's mouth, after his head has been raised. We may also employ wafers steeped in the fourth or fifth dynamization, or give in globulea of milch sugar, from ten to fifteen, according to the size, saturated in the same dynamization, and repeat <>ftoa in acute affections, yet not too often. GENERALITY OF DISEASES. Abscesses, Arc m'ich more common in horned cattle, than In horses, because tin; animals very frequently :;triko each other with their horns, after which a flat and hot tumor generally com.u on, which gradually becomes r iuiu! anl acquires considerable size. If immediate- ly after the occurrence ARNICA be administered both internally and externally, th; swelling is removed externally, in a few days by repeated applications, without. i•-using Into induration, or forming an ab- tve.ss. It is not uncommon for abscesses to be occa- sioned by cold. The first remedy to be employed in all such eases is A'oniluni, because abscesses of this kind are always accompanied by inflammation. Then wo should also consider Bryonia, especially whm tho Dwelling has appeared after cold, and is h it and tense; and Pulsatilla h:n more than once proved effectual under the same circumstances. If there be PO MEDICINES pain or any difficulty in moving, after the employ- ment of Aconitum and Bryonia, then employ Rhus Tox. Mercurius has also succeeded in bringing about the opening of the abscess. If- the swelling eannot be removed by those means, we should then administer a dose of Hepar Sulphuris every six hours; in general there do not chipse twenty fcur hours with- out the abscess opening. If the abscess depends on nn external cause, and has been neglected, it fre- quently passes into induration, and the cure is more difficult. When the indurated tumor is seated in the head employ Belladonna, Aurum, and Sulphur. In abscesses which suppurate the principal remedy \* Arsenicum, internally, and externally if the edge- are painful, everted, inflamed, with unhealthy pus. ' When proud flesh appears give Chamcmilla, Sepia, and Antimon. Crud. Alumina may also be applied externally. Pulsatilla and Lycopodium aro also excellent remedies. Crnsta Lactca. This name is applied to calves, to a peculiar exun- theme, which consists in small white pustules devel- oped on the head, chiefly around the mouth, nose, eyes, and ears. These pustules', which are fewer en the neck and other parts of the body, exude a viscous fluid which, on drying, produces a mealy sort of ecab, of a bluish white color. This eruption differs from FOR CATTLE. 81 the itch in this, that it occasions little or no itching and the scabs are much thicker. It is very conta- gious. Though not very fatal in itself, it sometimes causes the animal to be emaciated by general exhaus- tion and diarrhoea. Dulcamarra is the chief remedy for this; but it is sometimes necessary to alternate with Veratrum. Sulphur must be given as a consecu- tive treatment, to perfect this psoratic cure. Contusions. It is not uncommon in yoked oxen, for the pres- sure of the yoke to occasion lesions in the upper part of the neck near the withers. If the skin is cut it should be fomented with ARNICA water and a few days rest should be allowed. When there is no wound but merely a swelling ARNICA is employed external- ly and internally; or when, from neglect, it has already passed into suppuration Mercurius should be given, which soon causes it to open. Sulphur is also indicated, Arsenicum for ulcers with hard everted edges. Bryonia and ARNICA, the latter internally and externally, for all kinds of bruises. Fever Inflammatory. When an internal or external inflammation has attuned a certain extent it is generally accompanied with fever of greater or less severity. In this case 82 MEDICINES the pulse is frequent and hard, the mouth dry and hot, the alvine dejections hard and dry, the urine Bmall in quantity, the ears hot, as wcU as the horns and feet. The, animal has but little appetite and great thirst; in general is worse at night than in tho morning. The principal remedy for the treatment of this fever is Aconitum, which should be repeated at intervals, so much shorter according as the dis- ease is more severe, for instance, from every eight to fifteen minutes in very acute cases, and which must be continued until a perceptible calm be restored. In external inflammatory diseases, those which ariso from a traumatic lesion, Aconitum is applicable not only to prevent, but also to cure it where it is already developed. However, notwithstanding the great efh- coy of Aconitum it will not always, of itself, make a perfect cure, and may be assisted by Belladonna in encephalitis, by Bryonia in pneumonia, by Arsenicum and Rhus Tox. in enteritis, by Cantharides in cystis and nephritis, &c. Fever Nervous. The symptoms are, the animals lose their appetite, they become sad and lose their strength, the tongue, mouth, and nose are dry; the animals totter and fall as if struck with epilepsy, seldom leave their litter, and refuse to drink. At the onset the alvine dejec- tions are dry, but after the disease is advanced they FOR CATTLE. 83 become soft, and food comes away undigested, tho tongue continuing foul, and the mouth discharging a profuse ill-odored saliva,, the febrile movements gene- rally occur in the evening. Bryonia, twice a day, is the remedy best suited to the entifc course of tho disease, ARNICA is given when the animal prostratea itself on the ground with unconsciousness, Belladonna when partial convulsions take place, with great rest- lessness and wild look, Arsenicum if the dejections are those of diarrhoea and watery, China and Sulphur, when the food passes away undigested, Bryonia must be remembered too at intervals with the rest. Puerperal Fever. • After difficult parturition, or from the effect of ft a bad regimen, cold, &c, it sometimes happens, par- ticularly in fat cows, that one or more days after par- turition, this extremely dangerous disease is observed to show itself, which is generally accompanied by an Inflammation of the peritoneum, intestines, or womb; and which, when not promptly relieved, terminates la death, in from three to five days. The animal is melancholy, it begins to tremble, no longer cats, docs not ruminate, feels great thirst, does uot remain fit rest on its hind feet, stumbles and attempts to lio down, though the affections oi? the belly and the swel- ling of the genital parts oblige it immediately to stand up. There soon appears paralysis in the hind quar- 84 MEDICINES tcrs, and the animal is no longer able to stand up. It then lows and complains incessantly, the teats dimin- ish, the secretion of the milk is arrested, the ears, horns, and feet become cold, the eye becomes fixed, and the look »ild. In general the after birth has remained in the womb, from which an infectious ichor issues. All these symptoms succeed each other very rapidly. The first thing to be done is to administer, within three or four hours, from three to four dose* of Aconitum, which generally effect a perceptible calm, then we have recourse to Pulsatilla and Nut Vomica. Belladonna is also an excellent remedy, particularly when there is very painful swelling of the belly, and retention of the placenta. Chamomilla restores the secretion of the milk. If paralysis of the hind quarters does not yield to Nux Vomica give Rhus Toxicodendron. Fungus. If they arise from the pressure of the yoke, Arte- nicum should be employed, and when they are de- veloped on the withers they are to be treated with Chamomilla, particularly when there exist at the same time indurated glands. If, as it sometimes hap- pens, the tumor be opened, it is to be treated with the same medicine as a common abscess. Externally ARNICA and Arsenicum internally, are to be employ- ed. Sepia when the excrcsences are near the hoof, Phosphorus when the wound is of a fiery red color. FOR CATTLE. 85 Luxations. ARNICA externally and Rhus Tox. internally aro the principal remedies employed in the treatment of luxations in general. It sometimes happens, that in consequence of a false step, a slip, or in their endea- vor forcibly to extricate the foot from thick clay, or oxen by drawing, contract a luxation of the fetlock. which causes them to limp very much, by rendering the swollen part hot and painful, which should be fo- mented with ARNICA and give Rhus Tox. internally. To cure the soreness of the dislocation it must be properly adjusted by art. Madness, (Rabid,) (Hydrophobia,) Is not more peculiar to oxen and cattle than to the horse kind and always results from the bite of a mud dog. In general, several days and even weeks elapse, before the animal evinces considerable disturbance, it then no longer has an appetite to eat, and rumin- ates no longer, there does not appear to be much thirst, though from time to time it dips its muzzle into the drinking vessel; the animal makes frequent and great, but unavailing efforts to empty the bowels and bladder; in the intervals it shakes itself frequent- ly, more especially the head and neck, and lows in- cessantly; at first its voice is scarcely changed, but on the second or third day contracts a peculiar 86 MEDICINES hoarseness; the look of the animal becomes fixed, the saliva constantly flows from the mouth, which is Bometimcs covered with foam. Some animals become furious when they see a dog, or hear oue bark, they ■strike their horns against the wall, attack all living beings, scrape with the foot, and strive to break the aiirds if they arc tied; the milk diminishes more and nnre in milch cows, about the third or fourth day after the symptoms begin; then periodical convul- sions arc observed in the neck, then on the chest and afterwards on the hind quarters. About this time, and after, debility and palsving take place, and death ensues on the fifth or sixth day. Care should bo taken in the onset, or as soon as it is known, that the animal is affected or bitan, to tie it securely. A dose of Bd'tdonna must be given and the bite well washed and fomented with fresh water, to which some drops of tincture of Belladonna has been added. The doses of Belladonna are to be repeated at first every day, then at longer intervals. When a mad dog has found his .vay into tho herd, it is a good precaution to give to all those animals a dose of Bel- la d o n n a daily at first, and every ten or twelve day$ as a preventive. Marasmus, Is occasionally met with in calves, and bears sem« resemblance to tabes mesentrica, and is always ac- FOR CATTLE. 87 eompanied with great debility. The principal reme- dies are Arsenicum and China taken alternately one dose every three or four days; advantage is also to be obtained from Nux Vomirn, if there be constipation, from Pulsatilla, if there is diarrhoea, from China, in case of worms and voracious appetite. Some doses of Sulphur are useful to complete a cure. This dis- ease also attacks older cattle : the animal eats, and sometimes very much, the rumination goes on in the normal way; however the animal continually wastes away, there is diarrhoea with bad odor, the skin ia tight on the ribs, tho hair staring, &c. give Pulsatil- la and Arsenicum alternately once or twice a week. Alterations of Milk. Changes in the milk or in the lacteal secretion are not uncommon in milch ci.ws. Homoeopathic medi- cine gives a chock to them if correctly given; both promptly and readily. The principal affections are: 1. Blue Milk.—At the moment it is taken from the cow, the milk has its natural color; but when it has rested for some time, and the cream has separated from it, stars or blue spots arc observed on its sur- face or it becomes quite bluish. The butter obtained from it 1ms a bluish tint, and blue or gray vesicles float ou tho butter milk. No symptoms of disease are observed in the cow. The true remedy is Pul- satilla, and if the symptoms depend on an affec- 88 MEDICINES tion of the lower belly, especially on indigestion, recourse should be had to Nux Vomica. II. Red Milk.—Sometimes one or more of the teats yield blood along with the milk. This phenome- non depends on several causes; as on the roughness of the manner in which the process of milking is con- ducted, causing contusion and inflammation of the organ, or from the use of certain irritating substan- ces ; as for instance eating young shoots of the pine tree, and other shrubbery. Aconitum is a good remedy whenever there is an inflammatory condition, and if this does not suffice to cure give ARNICA, or Phosphorus. When none of these causes exist, and there is no inflammation Ipecacuanha should be given. .It is worth remarking, that in many places a decoction of the young shoots of the fir tree are em- ployed with great success internally. III. Viscid Milk.—Sometimes cows give sticky, drawing, tough milk; the acute cause thereof un- known, although dependent upon some former dis- ease and impurity. The best remedies are Sulphur, Chaniomilla, and Nux Vomica. Natrum Muriaticum is also often useful. IV. Bitter or acid M ilk.—Is also occasionally found without the direct preceding cause. The medi- cines generally employed are these; Sulphur and Phosphorus. V. Watery Milk, which yields but littlb cream.—This quality is often owing to bad food, espe- cially to the potato leaf, and yields to Sulphur, Pul- FOR CATTLE. 8'J tatilla, and Nux Vomica; with a change to whole- some diet. VI. Diminution of Milk.—Different causes may bring it about, that after calving the lacteal secretion does not become established, or continues very im- perfectly, and when it appears to be established.it stops by degrees or suddenly. Aconitum and Cham- omilla arc the principal remedies in this case; espe- cially when there is inflammation. Belladonna is useful in inflammation and tumefaction of the ud- ders ; Bryonia or Dulcamarra, When tho occur- rence depends on cold. If the symptoms return in a few days P ho sp ho r us should be given. When the teat yields but a few jets of milk, C h a m o m i 11 u and Belladonna should be given alternately. VII. Spontaneous discharge of Milk.—This is cured by Belladonna if there be swelling of the teat. Chamomilla if indurated or hard. AR- NICA if it received an injury followed by inflamma- tion; and CalcareaCarbonica if there exists an internal mischief. Ilardncss of Udder, Is caused often by overheating, exposure to cold, or hesitation of the milk, and occasionally has a psora foundation. The impediment is oftentimes very pain- ful, and gives uneasiness in milking, with colored and curdled milk. If painful hardness, give Bryo- 90 MEDICINES n i a. Chamomilla when the scirrhus of the udder is hard, with or without pain. ARNICA and Mer- curius when through contusion; Sulphur ought not to be omitted in these chronic affections. Inflammation of the Ifdder. The causes arc similar to tii2 preceding; this kind of inflammation may arise to a high fever, and even cause death to the animal. Belladonna in high iiiffimmation with beaming swelling of the udder.— ARNICA in erysipclatancous inflammation from contusion or parturition. Gangrene inflammation give A rscn ic uni; if gangrcneous spots, Secale and Arsenicum alternately. In u Idering absces- ses of thin flowing matter, give Mercurius alter- nated with Arsenicum, Sulphur, &c. Galled and Eruptive Teats, Is caused by uncleanlinoss, hard usage in milking, or an original ps'iratic dis^isc. ARNICA employed frequently externally, and once or twice internally. further, refer to inflammation of udder, &c. Sul- phur and Rhus Tox. arc also employed. Kinc Pock, Occasionally is a favourable eruption, on account FOR CATTLE. 01 ';f the psoratic disease developed in the animal. It sometimes in somewhat difficult, when the mouth and throat is afT-jet^d. Arsenicum is tho principal remedy internally; if the mouth is affected also.— T h uy a or S u 1 p h u r in alternation with the former. If severe cold bo the principal acute cause, a cure may bo obtained by Aconitum. Chamomilla and Mercurius may bo employed, as also Belladonna and Chamomilla. Rheumatism, Which is generally a -consequence of a cold, is al- most always accompanied with fever. It is indicated more especially by a stiff gait. Occasionally with cracking of the joints. The animal prefers much to lie down, and rises with pain and reluctance; tho pain frequently causes tremors. If the disease ia carried to an extreme degree, the nnims.l never quits its litter, and the four extremities become para- lyzed. In milch cows the secretion of the milk ia diminished. Tho most effectual remedy is Aconi- tum followed by Arsenicum. Bryonia is good when tho fact are paralyzed. ARNICA is also a powerful remedy in this disease, in and externally employed. Arsenicum is also indicated when the animal walks with grjat precaution, and trembles after drinking cold water, and the disease brought on by cold drink, or an excess of food. Rhus Tox. MEDICINES should be given when it results from too much fatigue. Chamomilla restores the milk secretion, after other ailments have been removed. Rumination. Rumination, more or less disturbed, is a most seri- ous disease, and does not return to its normal state till after a cure has been effected; however, it occa- sionally happens, that it is not restored by the cure of other diseases, and is the only derangement ob- servable. In such cases Arsenicum is very use- ful. If two or three doses produce not the desired effect, the medicine should be repeated, and be al- ternated with Ac onitum. Pulsatilla is also recommended to possess power to restore the want. Sprain or Strains, Are the results of a false step, straining the ligi- ments of the joints, great extension, and drawing of the nerves, it brings on lameness more or less per- ceptible, and if severe a hot tumefaction is found near the joints. When of recent date promptly yields to ARNICA, employed internally and externally.-— Otherwise if there be much pain from the commence- ment as also much swelling and lameness; Rhus Tox., and Ruta Graveolens should be given FOR CATTLE. 93 internally also; which latter remedy in such casei possesses specific virtues in and externally. Tubercles and Tumors. Tubercles are more generally occasioned by a me- chanical cause, and yield to ARNICA administered internally and externally. If abscesses form, they are treated as has been stated under that head. Tu- bercles from cold are combated with Bryonia and Dulcamarra; and those wliich arise from the stings of insects, with ARNICA and Belladonna. Those that have their origin from a chronic or psoratic ef- fect are tedious to pure. Arsenicum, Sulphur and Bryonia are to be employed. When there is much itching give Sulphur. Against Tubercles of the breast take Chamomilla and Bryonia. Tu- mors that depend on internal causes Bryonia is chiefly given; if the aggravation is increased by cold give C h 1 n a, Arsenicum, Sulphur, or M e r- c u r i u s. Wounds and Lacerations. Wounds of small extent are easily cured with the virtues of ARNICA, externally, in such that are deep and of greater extent, ARNICA must be administer- ed internally also. Symphytum is useful when- ever the lesion extends to the bone or periostium. If 94 MEDICINES luxation has also occured, and again adjusted, Rhus Tox. alternately with ARNICA should be given.— When there was great loss of blood, C h in a is useful to combat the debility. The traumatic fever which is generally associated with wounds of sore extent, yields to ARNICA and Aconitum, employed al- ternately. If the wound suppurates with turbid pus with a bad smell, give Assafoetida and M e r- cur i u s. If proud flesh make its appearance, Cham- omilla, Sepia and Arsenicum, should be em- ployed. Anasarca. The effusion of scrum into the subcutaneous eel' lular tissue, often accompanies hydrothorax or as- cites ; it is also occasionally observed alone in different parts of the body. What distinguishes the swelling then from all others is, that it does not feel hot to the touch, and retains the pressure of the finger. China and Arsenicum are employed alternate- ly, especially when the anasarca is owing to ascites or hydrothorax. Lycopodium also displays great virtues in treating dropsical swellings, in different parts of the body. Bryonia and Dulcamarra are suitable whenever the swelling appears after sud- den cold. Belladonna when the swelling crepi- tates under the finger. CEdema of the legs requires Secale Cornutum, alternately with Arseni- FOR CATTLE. 95 cum, and then Sepia. Indigo, China and 8 u 1 p h u r are good also. Exanthemes. An cxantheme is a disease more or less obstinate, which appears under a great variety of forms, (spots, tubercles, vesicles, scales, &c.,) and sometimes con- stitutes a purely local affection. The most certain means of curing and preventing all exanthematoua diseases, is to have recourse to the remedies called Isopathic or antipsoricum, when they are prepared with the morbific principle, &c. In all chronic dis- eases, attention should be directed to the psora which occasion; them, and tho preparations made accord- ingly. It will be right then to begin and end tho treatmen t with some doses of S u 1 p h u r. At tho end of about twelve or fifteen clays the Antipsoricum should be given, then after the same lapse of tine, the medicine which agrees best with the patient in his situation; after which he should again return to tho Antipsoricum, and so on. The last An , i p so- r i c u m is suffered to act longer than the other; af- ter the last S e p i a, and last of all S u 1 p h u r. It would be advisable in such severe cases to apply to a Homoeopathic practitioner, since this course of the preceding medicine will not at all times succeed i» perfecting a cure; iu this very critical disease we are forced to have recourse to some other means of med-. 96 MEDICINES icine, in addition to that prescribed, such as S t a p h y- sagria and Dulcamarra, are those frequently employed after a few doses of Sulphur; Dulea- mar. is preferred before the other, in vesicular erup- tions filled with a yellowish liquid; as also in dry and furfuraceous dartres. Mezereum is useful in itchy tubercles with redness of skin. Arsenicum in eruptions accompanied with diarrhoea or with Iosb of appetite, or disturbed digestion; T h u y a in those on the lower limbs. Itch or Mange. In dry itch the animals have a great disposition to scratch themselves and rub on something; this is sometimes repeated until the blood oozes from the skin, the hair stripped off, the skin wrinkled, dirty, and powdery in appearance, or else small superficial ulcerations surrounded with furfuraceous scales.— This form of itch attacks meager, ill-fed, and aged cattle, and is seated chiefly in the head, on the shoul- ders, haunches, and tail. The moist itch is charac- terized by ulcers of greater extent, which, penetrat- ing into the skin, secrete a reddish ichor, and become covered with scabs. It is observed on the neck and at the base of the tail first, whence it extends over the body, the hairs fall off, and the animal is subject to dropsy. Some doses of Sulpfncr, once a day, is the first remedy to be employed; then Staphysagria should FOR CATTLE. 97 be administered when there are dartrous eruptions, with itching during the night. Dulcamarra is good in the vesicular eruption with yellowish serosity.— Arsenicum when the appetite is impaired, or diarrhoea. Sulphur occasionally, and at the end to perfect the cure with ARNICA wash. Phthiriasis, (Lice.) Like other domestic animals, cattle have occasion- ally such a quantity of lice, that they not only be- come disgusting from them, but they also suffer and pine away. This chiefly happens with calves and young beasts. The lice lodge more especially behind the ears and horns, at the back of the neck, on the withers, and the sides of the dewlap. They may be destroyed in a few days with a decoction of Staphisa- gria, German Stephanskerner, or with a pommade pre- pared with three parts of ax Unge, (hog's lard,) and one part of Parsley Seed pounded and mixed. The latter will even destroy this vermin from men and trees. Internally give Sulphur. Encephalitis. Inflammation of the brain is much more uncommon in oxen and in cows than in horses. It generally oomcs on more rapidly under the influence of a Lot sun, of a sudden change of temperature, or a 98 MEDICINES blow on the head; it sometimes appears suddenly and at other times is announced by certain precursory Bymptoms, such as vertigo, unsteady gate, and great depression, the head hanging down, the eyes bright, the head, ears, and horns hot, the hair bristled, ap- petite gone; the animal becomes furious, strikes ita head, tears the halters, and becomes convulsed in different parts of the body. When let loose it runs about on every side, then after two or three days, it seems to experience some relaxation and dies sudden- ly. Occasionally encephalitis terminates in cerebral dropsy, for which reason it should be watched from the commencement, and even after it appears to bo cured, we should not lose sight of the patient for some time. Aconitum is the first and chief remedy. It is given in repeated doses at short intervals. When there is heat in the mouth, eyes, horns, and the ani- mal rests its head against tho wall or manger, or when melancholy, it allows its head to hang down, In these symptoms give Belladonna in repeated doses also. Sulphur should be given as consecutive treatment. Opthalmia. The eye affected by external violence, the penetra- tion of a foreign body into the eye, cold owing ton sudden change of temperature, and an internal mor- bid disposition. Opthalmia, by an external cause, l» FOR CATTLE. 99 very frequent, and the eye soon becomes dull and watery ; the animal closes it against the light, the eyelids arc hot, tumefied and painful to the touch, and after some tim3 arc glued togather by means of mu- cus. The cure is easily effected when due care is taken in time, otherwise opthalmia may bring on blindness. The treatment is commenced with a few doses of Aconitum, at first every hour, then at longer intervals, after which ARNICA should be giv- en. Conium is also indicated when Aconitum and ARNICA have removed the inflammation; Euphrasia, Belladonna, and Cannabis, either, in a few drops in two ounces of pure wat.er for topical application, but should also be used internally. If the soreness is occasioned by some foreign body introduced, it calls for a different treatment. We commence by extract- ing the foreign body with a bit of moistened linen; Conium or ARNICA then relieves the symptoms by nn external and internal application. Opthalmia caused by cold, soon yields to Aconitum, B ryonia, Dulcunvtrra, and Euphrasia. In small contracted eyes and hereditary ailments, with periodie.il moan- ing, employ Sulphur, Euphrasia, Pulsatilla, Canna- bis, Conium. een a long time confined to the Vise of dry fodder, and in the beginning of spring graze in the woods among sprouts, &c. The grass early in the season h not good in the wood land, consequently they greedi- ly devour the young shoots and sprouts of trees.— The frozen roots, the herbs and grass covered with hoar frost, and marshy meadows also produce the same effects. At first the animal is dejected and sad. 4 110 MEDICINES it stumbles frequently with the hind feet, which it keeps very close to each other, the breath is hot, as is also the surface of the body, the mouth and nose are dry, there is neither appetite, evacuations, nor urine, rumination is rare and slow, thirst continual, the evacuations, in the further progress, are small, bloody, dry, and black, the urine is also deep colored, a nd often tinged with blood. At a later period the animal wastes away rapidly, its loins are tremulous and feeble, diarrhoea sets in, the alvine evacuations are fetid and blackish, mixed with blood, the animal becomes cold all over and dies of gangrene. Aconi- tum and Arsenicum alternately at first every quarter it an hour. Ipecacuanha and Veratrum are also in- dicated. Abortion, Which is very frequent in cows, is an event so much the more disagreeable, that, besides causing the loss of the calf, it also often occasions that of the mother, and the latter, if she survives, remains.bar- ren, or at least subject to new abortions; commonly it is the consequence of a fall or a blow ; unsuitable food and a bad stable may also be a preliminary cause. It is generally announced by several symp- toms, among which may be noticed great disturbance, anxiety, depression, sudden diminution of her milk, and the escape, by the vagina, of a fetid mucus fluid; FOR CATTLE. Ill and if external violence is known abortion is still more probable, and we must hasten to prevent it. This is a reason, that after a blow or fall one or two doBes of ARNICA should be administered, and if the cause has been luxation or a false step, Rhus Toxicodendron. Should the precursory symptoms still show them- selves, then Pulsatilla is the chief remedy, and after it Sabina and Secale Cornutum in small doses. Last- ly, if the abortion has really taken place and the pla- centa delays from four to six hours, give Sabina, or, better still Secale Cornutum, which generally brings on the desired result. We should have recourse to manual interference only in case these means fail. Cystitis, (Inflammation of the Bladder.) In this disease the animal almost constantly keeps the back arched : when it rests on its loins it evinces pain and strives, by moaning, to escape pressure; its walk is stiff, and it frequently motions to void urine, but to no, or very little effect, only a few drops of a deep red color; there is neither appetite nor rumina- tion, but the thirst is intense. Iu most cases a cure is realized from Cantharides, wliich should be preced- ed by a few doses of Aconitum at short intervals, and which are sometimes sufficient of themselves. If the disease has been occasioned by a blow on the lumbar region, apply ARNICA. 112 MEDICINES Nephritis. Inflammation of the kidneys has many symptoms In common with cystitis. It is not as frequent in cattle as in horses. The exciting causes are heat, cold, blows on the lumbar region, renal calculi, and at times also, the eating of poisonous plants, &c— The animal brings the four legs close together, bends the back downwards, moans when pressure is made on the region of the kidneys, striving to escape it, the alvine evacuations are scanty and their discharge gives pain, there is a great desire to pass water, and the other symptoms are similar to those described in cystitis. In general this disease is cured by means of Aconitumt after which one or two doses of Can- tharides should be given. Nitrum is also very useful. When there is obstinate constipation, Nux Vomica should be given, and ARNICA whenever the disease is attributable to an external injury. tyiabetes. In this disease of the urinary organs, the animal passes an incredible quantity of saccharine urine, at first limpid as water, then of a greenish cast; the an- imal feels great thirst, but the urine it passes is i» proportion with the water it drinks; it passes urine with some difficulty, becomes gradually debilitated, at length hectic fever arises, and the animal is soon FOR CATTLE. 113 lost The remedies are Lycopodium, Mercurius, and Creotote. Hematura, Is discharging of blood from the bladder, sometimes combined with a bloody appearance of the milk; the principal remedies are Ipecacuanha, Aconitum, Can- tharides, and ARNICA. Parturition. Cows when well cared calve very easily, requiring tout little assistance. After some days of discharge of a mucous fluid, which is sometimes a little red, from the vagina which dilates gradually; the animal begins to feel restless and uneasy, she groans and pains are soon felt which cause the exit either of a great quantity of liquid or a pouch full of serum. When this pouch bursts, the pains which increase in severity bring out the calf. The cow generally lying down. However the after birth does not always come away immediately, it sometimes remains either en- tirely or in part in the womb, a circumstance which might bring on fatal consequenses. The means to be employed in such a case have already been mentioned under the head of abortion. Experience has ascer- tained the efficacy of several other remedies for the anomalies which may occur during the act of partu- 114 MEDICINES rition; Chamomilla, Pulsatilla and Canabis, when the cow does not lie down, when she is restless and the pains not properly known. Secale Cornutum in case of convulsions and excessive straining; Pulsa- tilla when the pains are too slight to advance the necessary labor. Aconitum and Chamomilla are use- ful when the milk is slow in making its appearance. ARNICA when the labor has caused the animal to suffer much, and Nux Vomica when the lumbar re- gions appear too much weakened. Teats and Udder, Diseases of. The teats of a cow are subject to different affection?, some of which are very painful, which, when neg- lected often occasion the obliteration of the lactiferous vessels. The principal are inflammatory tumefac- tions. A little time before or after calving, particu- larly in the first birth, often too, at other periods, there is observed on the mammae a painful inflamma- tory swelling; the organ is hard, tense, hot and red, the entire or only a part is affected with swelling.— The most common causes are contusions, stings of insects, cold, the too long prolonged retention of milk, &c, some say by too little exercise. If it has been caused by any external injury, frequently moistening the affected part with ARNICA water is sufficient to cure it. A dose of it should be taken inwardly al-< every day. Arsenicum should be employed only FOR CATTLE. 115 when the disease has been neglected or when gan- grenous inflammation, or ill conducted ulcerations, with hard and everted edges appear. After inflam- mation from cold, the cure must be sought in Aconi- tum at first, then Bryonia; if the latter does not suf- fice, Dulcamarra. Belladonna has been found a spe- cific in the treatment of erysipelatous inflammation. However, others recommend ARNICA, Camphora, Phosphorus and Silicia. In the inflammation that appears a little before and after calving Bella- donna and Chamomilla are specifics; Chamomilla. more especially, when nodosities are felt in the organ, (or corked.) If the inflammation is likely to pass into gangrene, or produces malignant ulcers, Arsenicum should be • administered. If gangrene have supervened, and they readily become de- tached Secale Cornutum should be employed.— Mercurius in unhealthy suppuration, also Pulsatilla and C a 1 c a r i a C a r b o n i C u m for the latter, more especially when fistula sores begin to form. A lotion of Camph or at ed Alcohol is recommended for abnormal swelling of the mammae. Induration may result from internal causes. It is accompanied with pains and suppressions of milk, that often assumes a bad color, or becomes granular and puriform. If the indurations are painful and consist of rounded tubercles, they are resolved in ten or twelve days by Bryonia, one dose morning and evening; or Cham- a ui i 11 a chiefly when tho tumor yields a crackling. 116 MEDICINES noise on being touched. If the cause has been an external injury give a few doses of ARNICA, also externally applied. Glandular swellings in the inte- rior of the mammae yield to Chamomilla and Aconitum or Mercurius. The nodosities which suc- ceed an inflammation are to be treated with Cam- ph o r a and Chamomilla, of each two doses at intervals of two days. Hepar Sulphur causes them to break in thirty-six hours, by giving one dose morn- ing and evening. Harts. Warts which are often produced in consequence of internal disease on the bellies of cows, in great num- bers spread occasionally even to the udders and.teats, besides their repulsive appearance, they prevent the animal from being docile in milking. The remedy against those which are flat, dry and not pediculated Ls Dulcamarra. Thuya is the remedy for those which are cut and mangled, oozing and suppurative. Causticum has been more than once useful in the treatment of bleeding warts, and those that suppurate. and are painful. Sometimes warts give place to an ulcer with everted edges, in which case we must have recourse to Arsenicum. Wounds, Cracks, and Chaps, Arc often produced in the teats, in circular and FOR CATTLE. 117 other forms, which occasion the animal great pain,* often caused by the uncleanliness and brutality of the cow herds, are also most frequently attributable to a morbid internal psora. Those of the latter spe- cies require the employment of Sulphur internally, to be continued for a considerable time, and external- ly in all cases, ARNICA ought to be employed, dilu- ted with water. Sometimes cows do not remain quiet whilst being milked; if no trace of disease can be discovered on the teats, Camphora is a certain remedy, to wash with if diluted with water and Al- cohol. Retention of Urine. This affection though not very common, is some- times, however, observed in oxen or cows. Sometimes the urine is discharged only in part and after efforts; sometimes the animal cannot pass a single drop though the motion be often made, and presents all the symptoms of cystitis. The disease must be carefully distinguished from the suppression of urine, in which the functions of the kidneys are sup- pressed, (see nephritis.) Cantharides have al- ways succeeded with me in treating retention of urine; Hyoscyamus is useful in obstinate cases. Lupulus, is also an excellent remedy in retention of urine, gi- ven in tea or tincture several times. 118 MEDICINES Falling of the Matrix, or Womb* In cows after difficult parturition, in which manual interference has been used without due care, or by reason of the strenuous labour which the animal makes after delivery, it is not uncommon for the womb to become inverted, and appear externally ei- ther partially or entirely in the form of a very large body, of a deep red color, the surface of which is covered with a great number of red bodies, which are the mouths of uterine vessels. In such cases it is necessary to hasten if we will avoid inflammation, gangrene and death. Before every thing else we must reduce or return the womb carefully. To ac- complish this, we must place the animal so, that it may have the hind legs much more elevated than the fore legs; we must wrap around the hand aknapkin steeped in tepid milk and then gradually reduce the organ like the finger of a glove, an operation more difficult than is supposed. If the womb be dry, cold or even soiled, we commence by washing it well with tepid milk. After it is clean, add a little ARNICA to the milk, and apply the mixture during the further progress of the operation. The operation being con- cluded, we administer ARNICA internally, and throw injections of ARNICA water into the womb. When there is fever and inflammatory state, we administer forthwith a couple of doses of Aconitum. If the acci- dent has been produced by great efforts in parturition. •employ Sepia and Platina or Pulsatilla. FOR CATTLE. 119 Foul Foot. This inflammatory affection of the foot depends generally on long walking over hard roads, marshy pastures, or psoratic affections. It makes its general appearance commonly with pains hi one or more feet, with which the animal limps. The hoof is more or less hot, and very sensible to pressure on the poste- rior parts, so that the animal does not put down the affected foot without great precaution when it walks, and keeps it raised when at rest. As long as the ac- cident is recent, and we have to deal only with sim- ple inflammation, it always yields to the internal and external use of ARNICA. If this should fail to per- fect a cure permanently, we should substitute Coni- um or Phosphor Acidum. If through neglect the disease has become very severe, and mdre especially in suppuration, we are then to have recourse to Co- n i u m and Nux Vomica, and above all Pulsatilla and Mercurius. When pus has been effused into the cleft, curgieal means must be employed, and the animal kept at rest as much as possible. We would further add, that there are different af- fections of footail, inflammatory lamina, &c. But let it suffice to say, that Aconitum ought to be given when there is fever and much inflammation, then ARNICA internally and externally. If very stubborn and suppurating employ Arsenicum, Phosphor Acidum, and Squill a, or Arsenicum and 120 MEDICINES ARNICA alternately, at the same time keeping it scoured clean. Strain of the Shoulder, Haunch & Loins. Strain in tub Shoulder.—This injury which in general is observed only in oxen employed for draw- ing, may be produced by too great efforts, false steps, slips, or by external violence acting on the shoulder joints. When the disease has been occasioned by great efforts in drawing, by a false step or a slip— Rhus Toxicodendron; when external violence is the cause, ARNICA is the remedy. If the bony parts are affected, we must have recourse to Symphytum internally. Aconitum in inflammation. Strain in toe Haunch, consists chiefly in being unable to move the hind quarters, and the hind limb". It is characterized by the following symptoms: the animal eats regularly but limps in the hind quarters, and when at rest separates them as much as pos- sible from each other. ARNICA should be employed internally and externally. Rhus Toxicodendron or Symphytum if there be lesions of the bones or peri- ostium. If much inflammation and swelling. Aco- nitum should be administered alternately with Bry- onia. Nux Vomica is useful in strains of the haunch in calves. Strain op toe Loins.—The causes are similar to the two in the preceding cases, only external vio- FOR CATTLE. 121 lence, strains, &c, have in this case still more influ- ence. The chief remedies to be employed are Rhus Toxicodendron and Bryonia. When the strain depends on a blow, or external injury ARNICA and Symphy- tum are to be employed and if it be a calf, Nux Vom- ica and Pulsatilla. Swelling of the Thigh and Knees. ARNICA internally and externally is a tried rem- edy in this affection. When it has been produced by tmntusion, C o n i u m is equally good. If the swelling is hot and tense, Bryonia should be employed; if the swelling be clammy, we should have recourse to Chi- na, and Arsenicum followed by Sulphur, after some time. If the swelling of the knee is of long stand- ing give China or Calendula; and if not so, give Pulsatilla; Silicia, Lycopodium and Sulphur have *l»o been employed with success in obstinate cases. A CONDENSED TREATISE containing information of TRIBES, BREEDING, MANAGEMENT, AND CURATIVE MEDICINE FOR SHEEP. The history of sheep may be traced to the remotest antiquity, for the care of them was committed to the second son of the first man. Abel was a keeper of xheep. What other animals were then domesticated is not known ; but the purpose to which sheep were devoted, is recorded in the sacred volume. Of the origin or transmutation of all the different species of sheep we have neither time nor room to speak now r but will treat of a few different tribes, breeds, and ijualitice of the most profitable sheep. A TRATISE ON SHEEP. V2S Mr. W. Pierce, the Veterinarian, with whom I cor- dially coincide, remarks: Notwithstanding the vari- ous notions entertained by many individuals, concern- ing sheep culture, I will remark on breeding, that nature has her invariable laws of generative powers, and seasons of the year when those powers come to maturity, however inconvenient it may seem to be to our interest in rearing their progeny. Nature ha* provided a certain season of the year for each kind of animal creation to conceive and propagate. If our convenience demands of them any other season for gestation, observation teaches abundantly, that the species will degenerate, and especially sheep. Not- withstanding all our efforts to the contrary, their na- ture, in this our climate, brings them to parturition in January and February, the months, as many judge, the most dangerous to their progeny. Nevertheless there arc many advantages, even in this respect; the ewe docs not give so much milk or suck, neither does the lamb require it at first; but when it grows older and larger it requires more. The spring comes, ve- getation springs up, the ewe gains in her milk, which is no inconvenience to her, since the lamb is able to receive it all, and causes it rapidly to increase in size: but when the ewe lambs in May the pasture is plen- ty and nutritive, and the ewe often suffers with an enlarged udder, before parturition and after. The lamb is not able to take all the milk, consequently a reaction takes place, much to the injury of the ani- V2i A TREATISE mal's health, with more or less inflammation existing in the milk. The unhealthiness it contains often proves fatal to both ewe and lamb. If not, be assur- ed the ewe will not winter so well the ensuing winter, and perhaps result in a contagious disease to the whole flock; and the lamb, if it should live, will be stinted, by not maturing in time to be weaned, and the scant portion of milk when it needed more.— Lambs that come early are invariably the largest, strongest, and most healthy. The ewe that has her lamb early, has time sufficient to get in good order before winter, after the lamb is weaned; she is not so much subject to weakness and disease as those of late weaning, and consequently a better breeder the next coming season. Poor, late, and feeble lambs and ewes, should never be permitted to breed, for of such it invariably follows, that the flock will degene- rate. Generating or breeding ewes should always be selected. Ewes sometimes continue stroflg and pro- ductive until twelve or even fifteen years of age, this depends on their general health and constitution.— Almost all the diseases incident to sheep, are caused by neglect, or too dense confinement, and seldom by activity and ventilation in pure air ; yet in wet, stor- my, and cold weather they ought to be under shelter. The nervous system and vital organs of sheep are ve- ry susceptible; but when they are powerfully excited, the excitement soon subsides or passes off and leaves the animal etremely weak. Therefore most of tho ON SHEEP. 125 means used for the cure of diseased sheep, should be calculated to excite rather than to allay the activity of the functions of vitality. Sheep appear to be ani- mals peculiarly adapted to tne treatment of prevent- ives, and if due caution be observed, we need seldom to be troubled with curatives. My experience in the treatment of sheep is more limited, than in that of almost any other of our do- mestic animals. Nevertheless, I have treated with unparalleled success, several diseases incident to sheep in this State. The first I will mention, is a number which I purchased, knowing them to be af- flicted with the foot rot. I gave each one a dose of Arctium Lappa, then wet the foot with water, then put on some slacked lime, remaining on a dry floor until thoroughly dry; I then gave a dose of Sulphur, re- peated the lime, and turned them out; it entirely cured every case of that painful disease. The next was a trial to cure the red water, on twenty, which were all diseased. I commenced the treatment with Crocus, in small doses, twice a day, for two days, then gave Cina in the morning and Sambucus in the evening, by wetting the feed with a little of the same, for two days, and then gave a dose of Digitalis. I only lost four out of a flock of three hundred that were badly attacked with the disease, and selected as the worst. I have healed several cases of skit in sheep, with ■ucceBs, by a few doses of Rubut Villotus, (dewbrier.) 1*26 A TREATISE 1 have found this remedy among the first for diarrhoea or scouring, in man and beast; it is a remedy, that stands second to none in my practice. I have also found Aconitum, Mercurius, Bryonia, and Rhus Tox. of no small account. I have treated with success the rot in sheep by Comfrey and Absinthium in alter- nating a few days, then give Arsenicum, Anti- mon. Crud. and Sulphuris. A few coinciding agreeable and beneficial out- lines, by Mr. A. Yant, on winter management.— There is nothing appertaining to sheep economy in our country, of greater importance, than the commodious provision for shelter; and from no other cause than the want of shelter do such great losses annually occur. Shelter and succulent food are the first and most important things to be attended to, in the successful management of sheep. Until the last three or four years the most of my sheep were with- out shelter, and the losses were in proportion to the severity of the winter. The diseases caused by their exposure were colds, coughs, dysenteries, and affec- tions of the lungs, wliich caused an excessive discharge pf mucus from the nostrils, and they finally died from shed poverty. Since I have my sheep sheltered I have no more trouble of that kind. The lesser quantity of hay and other provender uonsumed by an equal number of sheep, that arc housed or sheltered is quite a consideration. I have also found the fleeces increased in weight, and the ON SHEEP. 127 wool more soft and silky. A part of my shelters are of a rude structure, nothing but rough sheds, well oo- vered, and enclosed on the sides, with open parts to- wards the south; which I thirfk are the best if there are not ample means at hand to construct costly barns. Another part of my stabling is the ground story of a bank barn, which I do not consider as good on ac- count of it being too warm, too close and difficult to ventilate. My feeding racks are of different kinds, und I prefer those made as follows: for the bottom take a plank twelve feet long and- sixteen to twenty inches wide, and one and a half inches thick; have legs or blocks under it eight or ten inches high; board up the sides and ends with eight or nine inch boards, than you have a good trough to put your racks on; in the upper edge of the boards bore yourv rung holes twelve or fourteen inches apart; rungs fourteen inches long, or twelve inches between the lower and upper boards; on the top of the rungs place another board edgewise, of six or eight inches wide, to make your rack sufficiently high to prevent their crossing over; at one end fix a trap or slide board to lift when you clean and sweep out your sheep man- ger ; cleanliness is also of great utility. Thus you will have a rack that will answer for all kinds of food. I bring my sheep into winter quarters as soon as pasture begins to fail, select the weak from the strong, separate the wethers from the ewes, put the lambs in a department by themselves, with an empty 128 A TREATISE hospital comfortably provided for invalids, for which we may soon find applicants, put in a few weak old ewes to teach the young invalids how to conduct themselves. I do not suffer my sheep to run on fro- zen pastures until they lose their flesh, as some slave- holding taskmasters do; but bring them up in the evening, house them during the night, give them a feed of the best hay in the morning, about 12 o'clock turn them to pasture, and thus I proceed until winter fairly sets in; then I feed twice a day, and the inva- lids three times a day, or again at noon. My sowed corn fodder is used as a change, fed in fields, or scattered on the turf; I turn my sheep to it at such times as the condition of the ground and the temperature of the atmosphere may admit. My lambs receive a small quantity of corn once a day, com- mencing in October. On or about the first of March 1 commence graining my pregnant ewes, and some other lots if they require it. I salt twice per week; ■ it is very necessary that the sheep should have as much salt as they want; it strengthens the appetite and gives power to the digestive organs; in very small quantities, it is a stimulus which nature itself points out. [The compiler would here suggest the propriety of very small minute doses or portions of Common Salt, Sodae, Natrum Muriaticum, to be given in very minute portions. Salt possesses antiseptic, diuretic, and resolvent qualities, and according to the true criterion of medicine, it will create in larg« ON SHEEP. 12? quantities, what it will cure in small minute doses.— It therefore has a tendency to create catarrhus, scro- fulus, herpetic, and arthritic affections in men and animals.] With my pregnant ewes I continue the grain, and prefer corn until the tenth of May. It gives them much strength and energy in time of lambing. April sixteenth my lambing time commen- ces ; and now comes the tug of war. The attendant should be on the watch day and night. The flock owner should superintend and cheerfully assist in the duties of this critical season. I take hold myself at this time. Few men are aware of their interest at this period of time; for here are generally immense losses sustained from the carelessness, impatience, or cruelty of the shepherd. The throng time in partu- rition, particularly in cold damp weather, makes it very intricate, and is very apt to exhaust the patience of the lamber. Sheep are often obstinate, and lamb- ing presents a scene of confusion, disorder, and trou- ble, which it is the lamber's business to rectify; but which is not regularly done, unless stimulated by the presence and assistance of the owner. Some ewes will drop their lambs and then run away as if nothing had taken place; some lambs will lose their mothers, and many other occurrences call for immediate atten- tion. My practice is, for each one attending to have a lump of indigo or keel in his hand or pocket, to mark or number the ewe with her lamb, if any moth- er or foster mother should lose her young by neglect, 130 A TREATISE that they might be restored. I keep a small lot of pas- ture close at hand, in reserve for careless mothers.— My ewes seldom require assistance in lambing since corn is fed to them, I had only one instance last sea- son among three hundred ewes. There are a few more remarks necessary to be ob- served at the close of winter. In the spring pasture is very young and tender. My sheep are turned on the grass one or two hours per day; and I have in reserve for them some of the best hay, as they become more particular about that season. We feed good hay in the morning, corn at noon, and then turn them out to pasture. After they reject good hay altogeth- er, I still continue the grain, which they will take at all times ; and by this mode of treatment the bowels will continue more regular. I have learned by sad experience, that a few weeks neglect in the spring will cause much loss and pity of what was retained in the winter. The small pittance that is required to carry them through into the proper grazing season, bears no comparison with the losses that are sustained, by turning them out on the soft mushy grasses to be scoured half to death. To say nothing further about the bad feeding and guilt pro- • duced by such a sight, we hasten on. Tagging ought to be attended to before they are loaded with dung; keep them clean all the time; attend to it whenever necessity requires it. The time of washing now comes on. My practice ON SHEEP. 121 is to soak the sheep, and in two hours to commence washing and to wash until they are clean. Some will take much more time to wash clean than others. Af- ter they are done, we let them swim to shore and walk out at their own leisure. There is no danger of their falling down, if they had the right keeping through the winter and spring. 1 then turn them on a clean sod until they are sheared, which is generally done from four to six days after they are washed, according to the temperature of the atmosphere. The best washing time for fine Merinos or Saxony is about the last of May. Shearing now commences, which should be done in the best and strictest order. (My practice is to shear on a bench or table, from twelve to fifteen inches high, from three to four feet wide, and the length in pro- portion to the number of shearers, who should be men of sober, patient,, and mild habits.) My shearers are paid by the day, and they must operate according to my plan ; shear close, without skin to the fleece, at the same time keeping the fleece compact together, so that it may be rolled in a workmanlike manner. If the shearers will not comply with respect, good order and humanity, those who are unruly soon get their pay and walking commission. The wool is generally rolled by myself, or a very trusty hand, to trim right and roll and tie snugly. Marking the sheep, and trimming their feet, ought also now to be attended to, by one who understands it- 182 A TREATISE Castrating and docking of lambs is attended to, when they are six or eight days old. My mode of summer keeping is, to change their pasture every two or three days, pound them every night, and turn them to pasture when the grass is perfectly dry, say at eight or nine o'clock in the mor- ning. I salt twice a week, in troughs with the bot- toms well smeared with tar—pine tar by all means. I frequently use some ashes among the salt. In case there should appear some cases of cold or a slight running at the nose, which is not uncommon soon after shearing, I use pulverized Rosin with salt, about four ounces of each to one hundred sheep, once a week, for two or three weeks. I also mix a small quantity of Sulphur with the salt, occasionally during the summer. There is another small item which must not be neglected, in about eight days after the ewes are sheared, all the lice and ticks will be collected on the lambs, which will be a fine time to destroy the whole army at once. I use a decoction of tobaceo about four pounds to the hundred lambs, according to the quality of the tobacco; put your ooze and wa- ter into a tub two or three feet deep; dip the lamb? into it up to the ears, be careful not to have any li- quor come into their eyes and ears, rub and soak them quickly. I have also used the Mercurial oint- ment, with seven parts hog's lard, which will answer ON SHEEP. 188 the same purpose; but care must be had that they get not wet for three or four days after. J. M. Bimelcr of Zoar, according to the re- commendation of his European learned shepherds. Christian Bechtold, and Frederick Gebhart, both en- gaged to herd and superintend the sheep of the Zoar society, says, we treat our sheep breeding as follows: We furnish our sheep with a very good stable. A fortnight before lambing time, we feed corn and oats with good hay, therewith we continue to feed until they can maintain themselves on the fields. From the eighteenth of January, until the last of February itrc the best lambs. What appertains to shearing t We shear the old ones about the twentieth of May. The lambs we shear one month later. As to the species, 1st, Merino, 2d, Southdown, and a few other kinds. Further they coincide with the compiler, to let the natural affection and instinct predominate as much as possible, rather let their generative organs be satiated in their natural season. than our convenience accommodated, and you will reap the benefit of improving your stock in health. strength, vigor, and size, fineness, and quantity of wool. DIFFERENT TRIBES, BREEDS AND QUALITIES, OF THE MOST PROFITABLE SHEEP. We will first speak of those that are best known to us in North America; our own native sheep are the Otter, the Arlington and the Smith Island sheep. The Otter sheep it is said were first discovered in some Island on our eastern shores, and from there they 'have been spread to the adjoining States. The sheep of this breed are rather long bodied than large, and will weigh like other sheep of the country about fif- teen pounds to the quarter, when killed from the grass. Their wool is of medium fineness and length; it is neither short clothing wool, nor is it of such length as to be advantageously combed. Rut what particularly characterizes these sheep, is the extreme PROFITABLE SHEEP. 133 shortness of their legs, from which, together with the length of their bodies, they undoubtedly took their name. The Arlington long wooled sheep. These, Mr. Cux- tis, (who was the original keeper of them,) informs us were derived from the stock of that distingui- shed farmer, soldier, statesman, and republican pat- riot Geo. Washington. Who had collected at Mount Vernon, whatever he believed useful to the agricul- tural interest of his country. And among others a Persian ram, which Mr. Custk says, carried wool fourteen inches in length, and are formed on the Bakewell model. This wool answers well for comb- ing, it is fine for the sort, soft, silky, and beautifully white ; the sheep require good pasture with plenty of nutricious food in the winter. The wool of Persia, has been considered among the finest in the world. (There must be a mistake from whence Gen. Washington's Persian ram came, or Per- sia must possess two or more distinct breeds.) For the Smith Island sheep and wool, information of, we are also indebted to the researches of Mr. Custis. This Island wan the property of Mr. Custis.. It lies in the Atlantic Ocean, immediately at the eastern cape of Virginia and contains between three and four thousand acres ; with a variety of soil.— The Smith Island wool is without question, one among the finest in the world. It is longer than the Merino ; iu full growth from five to nine inches long with a hea- 136 QUALITIES OF vy fleece; the size and figure of the animal is not easy surpassed. The Merinos, with their various crossings, are now the most common, among the wool growers of our productive country which were, and are yet occa- sionally imported from Spain, Franco and England. Merinos vary greatly in size and beauty, in different parts of Spain, their native land. They are generally rather smaller than the middle sized sheep of North America. The body is compact, the legs short, the head long, the forehead arched, the ram generally, but not invariably, carries generally large spiral horns, has a fine eye and a bold step. The ewes have generally no horns, or but very small ones. The wool of these sheep is so much finer and softer than the common wool, as to bear no sort of comparison with it, it is twisted and drawn together like a cork screw, its length is generally from two to three inches long; but when drawn out it will stretch from that to nearly double the length. Though the wool when cleansed is extremely white, yet on the sheep it ap- pears rather yellowish, or a dirty brown color, owing to the closeness of the coat and condensation of the perspiration toward the extremities of the fleece.— The wool commonly covers a great part of the head, and descends nearly to the hoof of the hind feet, par- ticularly on young sheep; it is also much more greasy than the wool of other sheep. The skin is of a fmo carnation red and very thin. Spain contains in addi- PROFITABLE SHEEP. IB* tion to the Merinos, a variety of other sheep. Those called the Choaroes, are larger and higher upon their legs then the Merinos. Their heads are smaller and deprived of wool. Their constitution is Ktronger; their wool is near eight inches long; but straight and of inferior quality, this race extends through all Spain even into the provinces in which the Merinos are most perfect. The other sheep are a mixed breed, between those and the Merinos. The number of those two species were computed at six millions forty years since. Among the Merinos there are different varieties, probably occasioned by the care and fancy of the original cultivators of this valuable stock, in different parts of Spain. C astile and Leon, have had the largest breed, with the finest wool. Those of Soria, are sinalfwith very fine wool. Those also of Valenica, which like the latter, do not travel, have fine wool; but of a short staple. The greatest part of the Merinosin Spain are Transhu- mante and migrate, from the south to the north, and from the north to the south, twice every year. The number of the travelling Merino sheep are over five millions. The fleeces of the rams weigh from eight to nine pounds, and that of the ewes five, which loses half in washing clean. It would be too tedious and unnecessary to enter into a minute enumeration of all the varities produc- ed by the different crosses. Great Britain's farmers have endeavoured to conform the breed to their sit- r:;8 QUALITIES OF uation. Anderson divides the native British sheep into three sorts; the highland, or rather the breed of the western Islands. These sheep though delicate in appearance are small and hardy. The wool is distin- guished by a silky gloss to the eye and a peculiar softness to the touch. It is not frizzled like the Spanish, but rather longer and gently waved. The second are the short wooled sheep of England and Wales,th&t yield the clothing wool; of these thero. is a great variety. Few however, yield better wool than the common sheep of our country, with all their crossings and improvements. The Southdown is a favourite, next to the New Leicestershire or Bake- well breed. Of this breed Lacock, gives this descrip- tion : it has no horns, its face and legs are gray, its head and upper p:#t of the neck very thin. The Southdown, both for quality of wool, quantify and size, very much resemble our sheep in the hands of good farmers. Neither of these breeds, yield wool t>f sufficient fineness for broad cloth of the first and second qualities. Fine broadcloths are all made from Merino and Saxony wool, of different degrees of fineness without admixture. Of this fine wool over seven millions of pounds are annually imported into Britain. The third distinct breed of England, which is peculiarly their own, is the sheep that carries long wool fit for combing, and in this race they excel, 1 believe almost every other part of the world. The wool of this family in general is very coarse, and only. PROFITABLE SHEEP. 189 fif for blankets and carpets; but then the sheep are extremely large and their fleeces proportionately so, averaging about twelve pounds the flock round, and some have been known to yield above twelve pounds. Others from a more valuable imported race of long wooled sheep, bear a fine white silky fleece, from which the finest worsted and camblets are made.— Upon this breed, Bakewell has engrafted liis celebra- t ed stock, the New Leicestershire. It may also be satis- factory to be acquainted with several breeds of Spain. Though every species of the Merino is valuable, yet they differ widely from each other, in beauty, in form, and in fineness of fleece, as may be judged from the prices in Spain, where Leon and Escurial wool sells for 100 cents, while that of Arragon only 60 cents per pound. Those most noted are the sheep of the Escurial of Guadaloape, Paular of the Duke, D' Rnfantado Monturio, and of the Negretti. The first for fineness of wool, is the most perfect of all the travelling flocks of Spain ; the second for form, fineness and abundance of fleece; the third Paular, with similar fleeces, are longer bodied sheep. The lambs of this stock and that of the D'Enfan- tado are commonly dropped with a thick covering, which changes into very fine wool. The Negretti aro (he largest breed in Spain. It is from the last stock that England has drawn her Merinos. The Me- rino, or Spanish sheep have horns of a middle rize on the malci, of wliich the ewes are generally 140 QUALITIES OF destitute, faces white, legs of the same hue and rather long, shape not very perfect having a piece of loose skin depending from the neck, bone fine, pelt fins and clear. The wool of the Merino sheep is un- commonly fine, and weighs upon an average of a thousand, from three to four pounds to a fleece.— The best Merino fleeces have a dark brown tinge on their surface, almost black on some, which is formed by dust adhering to the greasy, yolky proper- ties of its pile, and there is a surprising contrast be- tween it, and the rich white color within, as well as the rosy hue of the skin, which denotes high proof of iu health and originality. The Merinos are natives of the northern provinces of Spain, and were first introduced into Great Bri- tain in the year A. D. 1787. The introduction of the Merino sheep forms an era in the history of agriculture and we may say of manufacture in our country. The first Merino isheep ever imported (as generally known,) into the United States, were two pairs sent into the country, in the spring of A. D. 1802 from France, by Robert R. Livingston. Shortly after, a much greafer num- ber were imported by the late Col. Humphrey, direct- ly from Spain. Since that time, importations of Merinos, Saxony, Southdown, Leicester, Lincolnshire, Cotswold, &c, have been fre- quently brought from Spain, France and England. The Southdown, of which the specific character* PROFITABLE SHEEP. 141 tics are, faces and legs gray, bones fine, head clean, neck long and small, low before, shoulders wide, light in the fore quarter, sides and chest deep, loin broad, back bone rather high, thigh full, and twist good, wool very fine and short, from two to three inches in length, weighing from three to four pounds, flesh fine grained and of excellent flavor, quick feeders, consti- tution hardy and vigorous, round in the body, &c. T he Leicester Sheep take the lead among the long wooled kind, and of these there are three nearly dis- tinct species: 1st. The Forest Sheep; 2d. The Old Leicester; 3d. The New Leicester, or Dishley breed, which are an improved breed or kind of the latter spe- cies. Their forms are handsome, color white, their heads clean and small, their necks short, and their breasts full; their bodies are round, with broad straight backs, but the bellies rather tucked up; their legs and whole bone are fine, and particularly small in proportion to the size of the body with a heavy fleece on; their pelts thin, and the wool long, and fine of its kind, generally averaging seven pounds to the fleece. They are of a quiet disposition, fatten early and easy, and are brought to a great weight, on a smaller proportion of food, than any other breeds of the same size, the fat wethers generally weighing from twenty-five to thirty pounds per quarter; their flesh is fine grained and well flavored, but too fat to please most palates. The Lincolnshire breed so very nearly resembles 142 QUALITIES OF the Old Leicester, that it requires but little further description. They have white faces and legs, bones large, the carcass coarse, the back long and hollow, with flat ribs, but good loins and a deep belly forward, loose shoulders, a heavy head with large neck, and sinking dewlap, the hind quarter broad, the legs standing wide apart, with a large dock; the pelt is thick and the fleece consists of long combing wool of rather coarse quality, but weighing generally from twelve to fourteen pounds on the wethers, and from eight to ten on the ewes. The Cotsivold or Teeswater Breed differ from the Lincolnshire, in their wool not being so long and hea- vy, iu standing upon higher and finer boned legs, supporting a thicker, firmer, heavier carcass, much wider upon the backhand sides, and in affording a fatter and finer grained bulk of mutton, the two year old wethers weighing from thirty to thirty-five pounds per quarter. Some particular ones, at four years old have been fed to weigh fifty-five and more, per quarter. They are not so compact nor complete in their form as the Leicestershire sheep. There still remain different native species of wool animals of which I will mention a few more, for the satisfaction of the reader. The Thibet or Cassimert (Cashmere) sheep or goat, peculiar to Thibet in India, also called Cashmere, a country in India, which gives name to a valuable kind of cloth, and costly kind of shawls manufactured there from the PROFITABLE SHEEP. 14S wool of the Cashmere Goat or sheep. We may form some judgment of the fineness of their wool by the shawls that are imported from India. These fine cloths are made for turbans and are of two sorts; the finest very seldom go out of India. As we judge by comparing those we meet with, to Tavern's account of one presented to the Grand Mogul, of sixty yards in length, which was folded in a cocoa nut shell. The tiest, some historians say, are made from the wool pluclced from the breast of a wild animal not particu- larly described; but is probably the Vigonea or some of its species. The others, which compose the finest exported from India, are made from the wool of the Cashmere and little Thibet sheep, those countries being in the vicinity of each other. Messrs. Cuvier and Hilare observe, that no Euro- pean has yet availed himself of the wool produced by most of our domestic Goats, which, though less deli- cate than the Thibet, would undoubtedly have yielded a web far more fine and even than the most admired Merino sheep. The Cashmere goat is free from that unpleasant smell, that common goats are subject to. It is of middling size, two feet high, and two feet ten inches from the snout to the root of the tail; his head from the snout to the top between the horns, is nine inches, and his tail five. His horns are spiral and erect, diverging off toward the points. His silky hair is long flat and fine, black about the head and neck, and white about the other parts of the bo ly. 344 QUALITIES OF The woolly hair is always of a grayish white, whate- ver be the color of the rest. Alpaca or Peruvian Sheep.—This animal, which from its great resemblance to the camel, was classed byLinnams, inthecamelidenrace, and is the Llama of Peru and Chili, in South America, where the brown and white Llamas are originally found. There :ire, according to M. F. Cuvier, three species, the Paco, Vicuna, and Vigonea. Zoologists enumerate eeven species of the Llama, all of which afford wool, some white, brown, and black. From the report of the French naturalist and philosophical Spaniard, it would appear, that the fleece of the A1 p o - V i g o- n e a, which is a cross between the Vigonea and A1 p a c o, has much greater length than any other variety, is much heavier, and is a beautiful shaped animal. The brown and white Llama are inferior in wool and body to the Alpaca. The Llama ha* long soft hair, and defends itself by ejecting its saliva upon its antagonist. The wool of the Alpa-Vicunea or Vigonea, ii said to grow thirty inches long, and a fleece weighi from eighteen to twenty pounds; but the common length of annual shearing is eight to ten inches, and weighs from eight to twelve pounds without gum.— there are quite a number of A1 p a^ a s imported into England, within the few last years, and are doing well. I cannot conceive any thing to prevent the naturali- zation of the Alpaca into the United States. Al- PROFITABLE SHEEP. 145 though found under the Equator, it lives and thrives in the highest inhabited districts of the Andes, where the cold is more severe than in any part of our Southern and Western States. The Llama is the camel of this continent, the Alpaca variety is about four feet in height and six feet in length; and like the camel, it is very hardy, subsisting on the hardest and scantiest food. Their flesh is considered, by the South Americans, as the best kind for eating, and they are raised in large numbers for that purpose. They are also used as beasts of burden, and will carry 2001b over mountains and rocks, and if much abused will die out of grief. Cark needed for SnKEP.—Farmers, who wish to carry their sheep safely and in good condition through the winter, must recollect, that the great secret is, to keep them constantly comfortable, in every sense of the word. To attain this they must be properly shel- tered from the wind and snow; they must have access to water; the strong and the weak must be separated into different flocks; and above all, must have due portions of succulent food, such ag corn, and cobmeal, potatoes, good hay, cornstock fodder cut and mixed with bran, or corn and cobmeal. It is altogether in- dispensable too, that constant regularity, both in the quantity, time, and nature of their food be strictly observed. "What a great pleasure it affords," as A. L. Morrel says, " when I went to my four flocks of ewes and lambs this cold winter's morning, for fod- 5 14G QUALITIES OF deijng, what pleasure it afforded me, to see the Uttle fellows bound out of their warm quarters with the life and elasticity of deer; some frisking like so many romping girls and boys when let out of school; every one erect—backs as straight as a candle, and not, an Ben Rogers says, ' drawn in and kinked up, like a Frenchman's bow knot.' If I received no other re- muneration for the expense of protecting all my sheep, than the pleasure it gives to think on their comforta- ble situation, at such a dreary winter season as this, it would be an ample reward." Let me assure you my brethren wool growers, that protection and care prevent diseases, and therefore save life, improve the quality of the fleece, increase the weight of the fleece, increase the number of the lambs, and save provender. Not to protect sheep is a violation of humanity. The foregoing assertions are sanctioned by nearly all experienced wool grow- ers. Let us hear what a few experienced wool grow- ers and shepherds say. Mr. II. D. Grove, of York State, says that "protection is almost as necessary to the health and good condition of the sheep as food itself, and is a saving of fodder, wool, and manure." J. M. Bimcler, of Zoar, intimates a similar care, shelter, and good feeding. A. Yant, of Bethlehem, gives very satisfactory outlines of careful and profita- ble sheep culture. W. Pierce, of Portage county, the experienced veterinarian, also cordially agrees with the greater part of the contents of this little volume. PROFITABLE SHEEP. 147 J. McDowel, of Plain, intimates a similar view. A. Hildebrand, of Jackson, formerly one of the shep- herds of Dickinson & Wells, by his experience is coin- ciding with us on wool growing. II. Hull, of Canton, Hoover, Bachtel, Everhard, Brindle, Reed, Patterson, Blough, and Simmons, with many other wool growers, as well as all other experienced persons, will not he- sitate to sanction all our good propositions, foimded on truth and experience. PREPARATIONS ron KEEPING SHEEP. The sheep, and goat approach so closely to cattle, with respect to the digestive organs and teeth, that all these animals may be included under the collective term of Ruminants. However, the sheep differs es- sentially from the ox or cattle, in many respects.— A great portion of its vital power being employed in the production of a thick fleece, the remainder of the body must necessarily feel this. The animal is likewise more timid, and more delicate. The principal peculiarities to be taken, in order to protect and sustain the health of the flocks, may be presented under the three following heads: KEEPING SHEEP. 1W 1. To have good Pastures.—High meadows arc best for sheep, especially when the season is damp and wet, or in general during rainy years or seasons ; it is necessary on the contrary, to avoid moist, wet marshy meadows, unless heat of long duration ren- ders them completely dry. The best herbage consists of aromatic plants, sweetish, or a little sharp and bitter, as those also are found in glades in the woods. Saline plants are very nutritive; but produce bad wool, aquatic vegetables are always injurious. 2. Not to commence the winter Diet t»o soon.— Neither, should sheep graze, as soon as the grass be- gins to turn yellow in autumn, without additional food. The hay given to them in winter should be of good quality, not mouldy or damp. Generally speak- ing, roots are not very suitable diet for sheep, except good potatoes, cut, and mixed with cut hay, straw, or chaff, (though oats chaff is not good.) Without a moderate quantity of salt, a flock never thrives well, notwithstanding the good quality of the fod- der. Whenever the season is fine, or weather dry, the flock should walk out even in the winter, for an hour or two. 3. TO HAVE GOOD FOLDS, IS AN INDISPENSABLE CON- DITION, FOR PRESERVING THE HEALTH OF THE FLOCK. —The fold should be dry, sufficiently spacious and and well aired. The floor should be hard, if not pa- ved, at least well beaten down like that of a thresh- ing-floor, the openings superiorly near the roof, and 150 PREPARATIONS FOR inferiorly near the ground, they should be sufficient in number to afford a free access of the air from without, both in summer and winter, provided, the wind is not strong and cold. It is a great mistake- to supposo and act out the supposition, that sheep must be kept very warm,- and closely confined; or that they can flourish well without shelter of any kind. It is another erroneous idea to suppose, that a nour- ishment very copious, and succulent will improve a Hock, procure more wool, and render sheep more fruitful, (temperate small portions, are useful.) It is far from being useful; it is very injurious to over- charge with strong food; it gives rise to different dis- eases, and lessens fruitfulness. If we desire to improve the flock, we must select none but the strongest lambs, and the best of the two sexes, especially such that have the finest and thick- est wool. A sheep in health carries its head erect, its eye is open and bright, the vessels on it are red, muzzle is moist, the nostrils not soiled with mucus, the tongue and mouth are clean and red, the breath iu not fetid, all the motions are executed with ease, the wool lies close to the skin, the latter soft and pliable, without any bald patches, excoriations, or ulcers. The best mode of improvement consists in employ- ing rams of a fine breed, with good features. For- eign rams or breeds are preferable, but those of thia country, or our own, will also answer; provided, they arc fine and perfectly healthy, have the forehead broad, the eyes large and bright, a long and full neck, KEEPING SHEEP. 151 a broad back, a body long and rounded, legs stout, and separated from each other, the tail long and woolly, tho wool close, long and fine, over the whole uody, even the-legs below the kne8 and face near to the eyes, the wool every where white, and the age from two to three years old. With respect to the treatment of diseases, tho ttheep is probably, of all domestic animals, that which is least sensible of high dynamization or minute doses. It is also important not to forget, that in the sum- mer season especially, sheep are much less than other nuimals, under the eyes of their proprietors, and it frequently happens, that he is not apprized of their diseases until it is too late to relievo them. It is thought expedient for the encouragement of wool growers, to give some experimental facts, from some of the most prominent men on wool growing, sheep keeping and raising, protection, management, and cures of diseases, in the most contractible style. We will first refer to Robert Livingston, L. L. D., president of the society of useful arts and knowledge, &c., his essay on sheep keeping was ordered to bo printed by the New York Legislature, A. D. 1810, from which I design to draw some remarks, as well as from many other authors, my own and other men's experience, in the most condensed manner, to make it intelligible and useful in sheep keeping. 152 PREPARATIONS FOR Lands adapted to different kinds of Sheep. If the farm where sheep are to be reared, consists of much wet or marshy ground, with rich luxuriant grass, I would recommend, that some of the large sheep, bearing combing wool should be preferred, since the largeness of the carcass and the quantity of the wool, might in such lands more than compensate for a diminution in the price of wool. For every other discription of farms or lands to keep sheep on, I think no doubt can be entertained of the preference, that should be given to the Merino breed; for these various decendants may be found of such size and constitution, that may be adapted to almost any sit- uation of soil. Those that are dry, and such as our shrub oak plains, the small Merino will thrive and improve well. Selection and Breeding of profitable Sheep. After having determined on the kind of sheep, most proper for your farm, which we will suppose to be Merino, carefully examine your ewes, (whether they be coarse, a mixture, or fine,) select from them those that have the finest and thickest coat with the least hair on the hinder parts, and whose bellies are well covered with wool. Let your ewes be at least two years or more old, as large as can be had. Bo- dy, large and well covered with wool, chine and loin KEEPING SHEEP. 153 broad, breasts deep, buttocks full, the eyes lively, the bag large, the teats long, such are good breeders. Next provide yourself a ram, possessing as much pure Merino or Saxony blood, as you can conveni- ently obtain or afford to purchase. In choosing him be particularly attentive to select a good form and size, so that you may not diminish, but rather add to the beauty and benefit of your flock. Withhold not a few dollars, to procure a good ram. Let him be broad in the chine and loin, deep in the carcass, the back strait, neither arched or swayed, the ribs set out so as to afford room for a large body, well covered with wool, the forehead broad, the eyes large and lively, (for a heavy eye is the mark of diseased sheep,) the testicles large, and if covered with wool, it is an evidence of his taking after his sire. Let him be close knit and active, his skin should be of a fine rose color. To judge more fully of his vigor, take him by the hind legs and observe if he struggles with force, or makes but a feeble effort. The next most essential point is to examine his wool, if it is as fine as you can expect, if it is thick, close and greasy, full of yolk, the breast and loins also well covered with wool, then you may rely on it, that you have made a good choice. Always prefer to improve your stock, from large- well formed ewes, and fine bucks, for if you at- tempt to improve the size from small ewes, with a large ram, you will find more difficulty in doing it. 154 PREPARATIONS FOR When your stock ewes are small, they will Iamb with more difficulty, and afford less milk in propor- tion to the size of their lambs. Though this may in part bp avoided by extra good keeping. Beauty is always to be considered, for the best formed sheep are generally the most thrifty. It is a general practice, and I believe in most cases a good one, to let tho lambs come from the 1st of Feb'ry to the 1 st of April. Knowing that a ewe goes with lamb five months, and of course know how to regulate the yeaning time, by the keeping away or admission of the ram. The number of ewes that a good ram will cover, has nev- er, that I know of, been precisely ascertained. The Spanish shepherds have one to twenty-four ewes, and this seems to have been the rule with the Patriarchs, as we may infer from some scripture passages, in wliich their flocks are enumerated. In France they seem to think, that forty is a sufficient number. In England a ram highly kept, has gone to eighty ewes; but then precaution was used, to keep him from ex- hausting himself, by letting only one at a time come near him; without these precautions however, not to injure a good ram, let us suggest the idea of put- ting forty or fifty to one ram ; without you choose to keep up a favorite ram, in such case let him have but one ewe at a time, and take her away as soon as she is tupped, or keep a muffled ram or rams, with your breeding ewes, whenever they give the proper Bigns, turn them to the proper ram and soon removo KEEPING SHEEP. 155 them again as before specified. On the latter plan one good ram might serve one hundred ewes or more, without much exhaustion. Protection and Feeding of Sheep. It is natural and reasonable, that every judicious wool grower will provide shelter, to protect his sheep from the inclemency of the weather, in this our northern climate. Also prepare convenient racks With troughs, to give and save feed, &c.—Mr. R. Livingston, even forty years ago, remarks and says: The following is the plan I pursue for a stock of two hundred ewes and seventy wethers. I have chosen two warm dry situations, sheltered from the north west wind by hills, and open to the morning and south eastern sun in winter, at its first rising. On the south side of this, I have erected two barracks of about twenty-four feet square, with an elevation of six and a half to eight feet from the ground to the hay loft. These, standing at a distance from each other, I have united by a shed, having the same el- evation, and being about ten feet deep, with a hay loft above. This shed is open to the south, and board- ed to the north; the barracks or pens aro boarded un, the one on the north and west, and the other on the north and east, the sheds cover the east side of one, and the west side of the other, uniting them to- gether. Along the whole inside of this building, racka 156 PREPARATIONS FOR are erected with a wide trough at the bottom to catch the hay seed and crumbs, of which the sheep are ve- ry fond. This trough serves also for grain, roots, bran, salt, &c, and as the extent is accommodated tu the number of sheep, they are equally fed, the strong having no advantages over the weak. On the outside of this building all round are boards hung upon hinges, which serve to put the hay in which is thrown from the barrack or mows, to the outside of the sheepfold. By these means the wool is kept free from hay seed, which injures the wool very much. Alonu the inside of the racks, for the width of seven feet, the ground is floored so, that the sheep are kept clean in the building, and lay dry. The yard is about three fourths of an acre, and is surrounded by a high pale fence, so that dogs may find no admittance. In warm days when the sheep are out, the loop boards along the rack are turned up, so as to let the wind pass freely under the studs and hay loft, to ren- der the air fresh and pure. With these buildings, I am very little solicitous about keeping away the rams till late in autumn. My lambs generally conic in March, and sometimes earlier, and by having an attentive shepherd, I have very seldom lost many, even when, as the year before last, my neighbours lost many by the severity of the weather in March. The following is a practice I would recommend, founded on my own experience, says Mr. Livingston: If the lambs come early and I cannot help, but think- KEEPING SHEEP. 157 ing that those that do, winter better the ensuing year and make the finest and best sheep, at least if the ewes arc suffered to breed the first year or season. In France, however, they are ever attentive to keep the Merino ewes from taking the ram till two and a half years old, and to this circumstance among others they attribute the great improvement of their stock. In England too it has been observed, that the Merinos are more prolific, since they have been kept there. After having provided shelter to which your ewes may retire in bad weather, care must also be taken to furnish the yard with a great quantity of dry lit- ter, and to renew this often, especially after every rain. This also furnishes a stock of rich manure, that richly pays the expense of the litter; it keeps the wool clean and contributes greatly to the health of the flock. If your lambs are to come early, it is still the more necessary, since without it, many will be lost by dropping during a wet or cold night upon the ground, to which they sometimes freeze, and the filth which they by these means contract, will often keep the ewe from licking them dry. I generally heap up leaves in autumn, about a foot deep and oc- casionally lay straw upon them. This forms a soft bed in winter, and by its early fermentation in the spring, furnishes a rich manure. In stormy weather your shepherd should visit your fold, very frequently about yeaning time, as a storm appears to accelerate the birth of the lambs, and some may be lost for want of attention. 158 PREPARATIONS FOR In addition to the general fold, I have four parti- tions or rooms, under the warmest part of the shed, large enough, each to contain a couple of ewes.— When a lamb drops, it is put with its mother into one of these enclosures, which is well littered.— There they are kept two or three days, the ewe well fed with bran and succulent food. When more lambs come, and these cells are wanted, the older give place to the younger, the previous lamb being generally sufficiently strong the third day to take care of itself, and to find its dam when turned into the flock. In the early part of the season, near parturi- tion time, and before the ewes begin to show any signs of being near their yeaning time, which may be known by the swelling of their udders, they are kept on good hay, clover mix is preferable to any other. When any appear to make bag as the shep- herds call it, which will be a fortnight before they lamb, let them be carried to the second of the sheep- folds, that I have mentioned, and there fed with the best of hay, cornstalks, turnips, cabbage, or potatoes, and once or twice a day let them have a handful of wet bran, or corn-cob meal. This givea them a flush of milk when the lambs drop ; for want of which many lambs are lost, by inattentive farmers. In this fold the lambs and ewes are kept separate from the rest of the flock, as before said. Remove the first and insert others, until the yeaning ewe* are so diminished in number, so as to make further KEEPING SHEEP. 159 removals unnecessary, the whole stock then being well fed, with the most succulent food, that can be procured for them. I will add, that the cheapest Bucculent food is millet hay, chopped potatoes, corn- cob meal, corn fodder cut'fine mixed with bran, or cob meal; an 1 not only in yeaning time, but a little corn-cob meal, (i. e. corn ground in the ear,) all win- ter, an 1 bran and salt in the summer. The branches of cedar, pine, or hemlock, ought to be brought to the sheepfold in winter, to feed upon, which contrib- utes greatly to their health. Where these cannot be had, smear pine tar on boards, or in your salting troughs, and sprinkle them with salt; by eating it their bodies will be kept open and themselves in good heart. Once a week a small quantity of salt should be given in the mangers. Salt is I think essential to the health of sheep in our climate, if frequently giv- en in small quantities; and is thought of so much consequence in Spain, that the King, cannot raise a high revenue on that article, lest it should induoe the shepherds to abridge the quantity usually given to their sheep, which they say, would not only injure them; but change the quality of the wool. About a fortnight after the lambs drop, give them, besides your own mark of approbation, a mark also to dis- tinguish the degree of Merino blood they possess. At this time you can make no mistake, by taking the lamb immediately from its dam; if you defer it till they are larger and more numerous, you will be lhv- 160 PREPARATIONS FOR We to errors. I view this as very important, partic- ularly if you mean to sell yonr stock for breeding; since a man, that possesses either the principle of honour or honesty, would feel the utmost pain of a gnawing conscience, by. having deceived the pur- chaser, in a matter which is so essential to the ame- lioration of his flock, which every enterprising wool grower will be aiming for. Should any of your lambs die or be killed by accident, strip off the skin of such dead lambs, and cover with it either a twin lamb, or the lamb of a young ewe or bad nurse, and shutting up the ewe, that has lost her lamb, she will generally take it as her own lamb. Should she refuse to receive it, she must be held for suck a day or two, when she will adopt it The latter mode often avails without the dead skin. If the lambs come early the ewes will be relieved, and the lambs strengthened, by giving the lambs fine hay and bran, corn, and cob meal, or any succulent food. In order to do this, and not suffer their food to be eaten by the old sheep, I have con- trived to make boxes with a rack, and manger within them, and lids to put and keep in their fodder secure from tho old ones. The front of this box is made of lath, so wide apart as to permit the lambs to go in and out at their pleasure; but too narrow to admit the grown sheep. If it is preferred to have the lambs come in April, then such particular care is not ne- cessary, other, than to provide a field of rye or clover for the ewes. KEEPING SHEEP. 161 Having brought our flock safely through the winter, we now come to the most critical season of the year, that is the latter end of March, and the month of April. At this time the ground being bare, the sheep will refuse to eat their hay, while the scanty picking of grass, with its purgative quality will dis- able them from taking the nourishment, that is nec- essary to keep them up. If they fall away, their wool will be injured, the growth of their lambs will be stopped, and even many of the old sheep will be carried off, by a dysentery. To provide food for this season is very difficult; though we may take time by the forelock in this case, by providing the necessary succulent food in the previous time, such as potatoes, rutabagas, cut fine, corn and cob meal, chopped or steamed oats, mixed with fine cut corn fodder, or clean wheat chaff, or mix wheat bran and shorts, with the two latter, either of those mixtures make succulent food, with a little salt or salt water sprinkled on it, in addition to this let them have once a day, good millet, sheaf eats, or other hay, or have a good clover or rye pasture for them, with the addi- tion of dry food. The first and simplest of these pasture fields, is to let your second growth of clover uncut, and turn your ewes upon it in the spring. A very good practice is, to put in an early crop of rye, giving the ground a double quantity of seed, and perhaps better yet, if the seed of turnips radishes, kale, winter cabbage or lettuce, were sown with^t; 1«2 PREPARATIONS FOR they might, if the winter is favourable, greatly add to the quantity of food. The ewes and lambs turned npon this one or two hours daily, would cause them to thrive exceedingly; and if your other pastures consisted in a proper part of rye grass, orchard grass, clover, parsley, and burnet; which come forward early in the season, the sheep might be taken from the rye crop, before they had done it the least inju- ry; their feet and tails, more then compensating, the mischief done by their teeth. The summer feed- ing of sheep must of course, also be regulated by the nature of the owner's ground; if however, it is in his power to make a selection, let him choose the grouud with a sweet herbage of white clover, spear grass, or blue grass. Let the pasture ground or field possess both water and shade, and as sheep prefer Bhort grass, and have no objection to feeding after horses, though they dislike what other sheep have lain or breathed upon, it will be economical, if ne- cessity compels, to put horses on the same pasture, rather than cattle, the latter are not stimulating to sheep: because ruminating animals dislike the food that is tainted with the breath or treads of other an- imals that ruminate. It will be very ameliorating to the sheep, often to change their pasture, at least once every six or eight days, and let them have salt as often or more repeatedly, a little at a time. We find that the daisy is eaten very readily by sheep, in fcheir pastures in the spring of the year. If not used KEEPING SHEEP. 163 to it, it will purge them sometimes in the spring, in whioh case their pastures should be changed. No hay is eaten with more avidity, both by sheep and cattle, than that made from the daisy when in flower. If it stands thick when cut down, after wilting a few bours, the cows will frequently leave their grass to feed upon it. It is a generally received opinion, in almost every part of Europe, except England; that sheep should not feed, either in the evening or in the morning, when the dew is on the grass. Nothing can be more absurd than this idea, or more contrarj' to experi- ence and nature. It is one of a thousand proofs, that fraud may practise upon ignorance, till false- hoods are established axioms of truth. In every country in Europe, except England and Holland, wheep are tended by shepherds, who used to lead them to the field, and continued out with them the whole day. It was very natural for men who had no interest in the prosperity of their flock, to endeavour to abridge this wearisome and lonely task, to share early in the evening the pleasures of society, and enjoy their firesides, and to quit their homes as late as possible in the morning. This well invented tale answered their purpose, and perhaps in the beginning derived force from the accidental or fraudulent deaths of some part of their flocks. The shepherds were too much interested in supporting this idea, and their masters too ignorant or too confident in 164 PREPARATIONS FOR their integrity to refute it; and from hence this sys- tem of keeping up the flock, until the dew dries off the ground, is become so general as never to be doubted, in almost every country where shepherds keep the flocks, and ridiculed in those which they feed their flocks without guard, (here may be an extreme on either side.) In England sheep are generally out day and night in the summer season. In America the sheep are found to feed with the most avidity, when the dew is upon the grass. If the pastures are plentiful, they fill themselves and lay down by nine o'clock, and rise again to feed an hour after- wards ; but as soon as the sun has perfectly dried the grass, and begins to beam upon their heads with violence, they seek the shelter of some friendly shade, and will even suffer hunger rather than take their food while they may be incommoded by the heat. If the pasture affords a hill or woods, under the shade of which they can feed, they will be found on their legs again by three or four o'clock in the afternoon; but if there is no shade, they begin to feed later in the day, and will continue so to do some hours after sun set. It will easily be conceived then, that sheep must suffer extremely by being folded when they should feed, and be compelled to feed when they should be at rest; their natural instinct gives evidence to the contrary. The compiler would here rather coincide with the Hungarian shepherds, to let the sun rise half an hour KEEPING SHEEP. 165 before you drive your Bheep to pasture, so that the poisonous dew may evaporate before you begin to pasture. It ought also to be mentioned, that it is an erro- neous practice in some places to shear tags and wool from the udders of ewes before they lambed; and this practice is strongly recommended by a number of agricultural writers, who allege, that the lamb cannot suck bo well unless this is done; but there are many plausible theories which are not confirmed by practice, and this I take to be one among the num- ber. The teat is always bare, and this is the only part the lamb has any thing to do with; by baring the other parts only tends to mislead its search. But this is not the greatest evil that results from it; the ewes must be handled, and too often very roughly, when they are heavy with lamb. The effect of this is very obvious; the teat is sometimes cut and wound- ed by the shears; but above all, the shearing expo- ses the udder to cold, which if the ewe is" very forward, throws back her milk and sometimes causes her death, and even when less forward it endangers her health, and of course, that of her embryo lamb. I have seen an account from England, where a num- ber of ewes died in consequence of cold weather following soon after this unnecessary operation. Let cleanliness be strictly observed, so that the ewes be kept clean, and not be soiled on their udders and shanks; then we need no clipping or shearing to ad- 16*6 FEEDING SHEEP. mifc the lambs to suck. Providence has prepared and provided for every species, if we act out our part, in the proper time and place. Experiment on Feeding* Mr. R. A. Avery, of New York says, " Dividing my flock, into lots of as nearly equal goodness as possible, the kinds of feed are as the year before, viz: Lot, No. 1 com 2 quarts to 32 sheep *<$ day " " 2 corn & oats, 3 " " " " " 3 oats, 4 " " " (cracked "J corn in j-4 " " " " cob, j The result is, that those fed on cracked corn, have given 1\ ounces more wool per head; than either other lot. Those fed on corn and oats, about 1 ounce more than those fed on oats alone. Lots No. 1 and 8 gave about equal quantities." WASHING, SHEARING, AND PREPARING FLEECES FOB THE MARKET. This, too, is a delicate point, and a task that re- quires more attention than is generally given to it, although it is not approved by some, to wash the fleece on the sheep's back, on account of its delicaey and the thick fleece, which is subject to keep wet too long, and cause the delicate animal to take cold and Lkj diseased. But we know that it is now particularly required by 168 WASHING AND the manufacturers, to have the fleeces washed clean on the sheep's back, thoroughly dried, well shorn, clean tagged, neatly rolled together the inside out, neatly tied with suitable twine and kept clean, and sold or sacked to the best advantage for the eastern Market. Different modes of washing wool on the sheep's back are practised, according to habit and convenience. b'or a small flock a large tub may be used, into which a small stream from a brook is conducted, after a heavy spring rain, when the rain water is pretty well clarified, so that the water may be as clear and a> soft as possible. The sheep is put into the tub, and a handful of soft soap is rubbed into the wool of the neck and back of each one put in. The grease, scum, and filth floats over the top, and as the. stream flowing in ought not to be large, but with a fall to pour on the sheep, the water in which the animal floats soon be- comes a strong suds, cleansing the wool most tho- roughly, and proving fatal to any vermin, that may be about the sheep. The wool of sheep washed in this way, will be very white and clean; but they should be allowed to run and lie in a clean grass pas- ture for a week or eight days, that the fleece may again become saturated with the animal oil so essen- tial to the softness an flexibility of the wool. Another cleanly way is to make vats for washing sheep. The size ought to be about ten feet in length and six in breadth, from two and a half to three feel SHEARING SHEEP. 169 high, water tight, made of one and a half or two inch plank, well secured at each end with gripes. About the outsides are temporary platforms for the washers to stand on when washing, and the water is conduct- ed by two or 3 spouts or troughs. The fall of water under which the sheep is held, ought to be from three to four feet to the top of the sheep. Having two or three spouts, of course the washing of two or three sheep can be carried on at the same time, during wliich time two or three others are put into the vat for the purpose of soaking, which loosens the dirt and causes it to separate more easily from the wool.— There are but few streams or brooks that do not af- ford water and fall sufficient for the purpose. Where the latter is wanting, you may sometimes remedy the want by digging a place near or at the margin of the brook, sufficiently large for the admission of the vat and platforms; a fall of three or four feet is of great importance, without it the full advantage cannot be derived from vats ; in fact it is the best mode of mak- ing your wool white and clean; by rubbing and squeezing in dead water, it will take much longer time, and after the greatest pains its aspect is often dingy. Another advantage of the vat plan is, that a man or men can stand beside a vat and wash all day ; whereas if he is two or three hours up to his waist in a pool or stream, it is as long as he can well endure the cold. Mr. H. Moese's Plan of washing according to 170 WASHING AND his convenience, is worthy of notice. A dam is thrown across a small, clear, and rapid stream near his barns. The bottom of the pond thus raised, is so covered with small stones, that it is impossible to make the water muddy or sandy in the least. A plat- form is laid, from which the sheep are taken into the water, and when the wool is cleansed, they pass out by a hard McAdamized road over the bank, to a green grass lot on the opposite side. Recommendation by the Compiler. The Compiler would further recommend, that a day or two before, or at the time and place, and previous to washing the sheep, those that have tag locks on the hinder parts, should all be tagged clean in the nicest manner, by taking hold and laying the sheep on its back or but, and cutting off the tags with a shears. The burs, if they have any, should also be cut or picked off. The washing and shearing may then be accomplished in a workmanlike manner, and cleanliness accomplished with ease. The time for washing will, in a gr*at measure, depend on the wea- ther, and may generally be done in latitude 41° and 42°, with coarse wooled sheep, about the middle of May, before their wool begins to shed. Merino, Sax- ony, and Southdown mix, may, with more propriety, be washed about the last of May or first of June. Fair and warm weather should be improved for this purpose, so that the water be not too cool for the SHEARING SHEEP. 1?1 Washers or the sheep. If possible they "should be washed in the fore part of the day, so that they may become more dry before the cool night sets in. The more convenient way and place, if it can be had with- in five or six miles, is a large running stream of wa- ter, one rod or more wide, from three to four feet deep, with a quick current and clean bottom. Tho eheep should be housed or penned up at the bank of the stream, and thence taken into the water mode- rately, keeping the head elevated above the water; the washing should be performed by light rubbing and hard squeezing, portions of the wool between your hands, until the water pressed from the fleece becomes clear without dirt; then in the clearest part of the stream let it be well rinsed, and keep it no longer than necessary in the water; take it to the bank at a gravelly place, let the water drain off a lit- tle, and let it run on the clean sod, until all are done that you design washing that day; be careful not to drive them on a dusty road after washing. They should be kept, until sheared, in clean grassy pas- tures, which are free from burs, thistles, and half- charred wood. But if you desire to have your wool extra, or merchantable clean, the sheep should bo washed immediately after a heavy rain, so that their wool may be well soaked, or they should be well sprinkled and saturated by means of a watering-pot when they are closely huddled together in a pen, for an hour or more before they are washed. This meth- od is absolutely necessary in washing Merinos. 172 WASHING AND Shearing may be commenced with propriety, in about five or six days after washing, if the weather has been fair and warm, so as to dry the fleece, and let the grease rise a little to soften the wool; otherwise a longer time may be necessary for that purpose. A small flock only should be taken to the shearing place at any one time ; that is, as many as may be sheared each half day. A clean smooth bench or floor should be provided, from twelve to fifteen inches high from the floor or ground, at least three feet wide, and as long as the number of shearers will require, in a clean light part of your barn or shed. In shearing, as well as at other times, great caution should be used not to hurt or abuse the innocent profitable ani- mals. Shearers differ somewhat in their mode of shearing; but according to my views, (the result of experience,) the better way is: Let the shearer keep his sheep and his bench clean, remove all the straw, burs, and filth from about the tail, have a short strap to loop around the hind legs, and the other end slipt over a spike fastened in the plank of your bench at a suitable point, to keep your sheep from struggling too much and tearing the Bhorn fleece ; first, let your eheep restj upon its rump, with the head upwards, its back and neck resting against the legs of the shearer. The shearer first shears the wool from around the head and neck, making short clips with the shears, close to, but without cutting the skin, bending the neck from side to side, aj may be found convenient; he then clips tho wool from the fore legs, brisket and SHEARING SHEEP. 17;: belly as far down as he can reach, while standing in this position; he next lays the sheep down upon its side and shears off all the wool upon one side, from the belly towards the baek; he then turns the sheep over upon the other side, in such a careful manner as not to tear the fleece, and clips the wool in like man- ner from the other side; after the strap is loosed, he places the sheep upon its legs by the side of the bench and trims off the leg wool, which is kept by itself, with some of the head and taggy wool. Tagging and Shearing. Mr. S. Palmer of Medina county, 0., says, "The way I tag my sheep, or rather avoid the necessity of it is, to give my sheep no salt after the grass begins to grow, and they feed on it in the spring till shear- ing time. Try it, brother Farmers, and you will find, that not one in ten will need tagging; and no injury to the health will be sustained by withholding tho salt." The author of the Family Cyclopedia, also presents the idea of keeping sheep without salt, and Beveral other modern writers attest the same. Rolling the Fleeces, Is another point of importance. A table or bench should be provided a little higher than the shearers' bench, three or four feet wide, ten or twelve feet long, 174 ROLLING FLEECES. smoothly planed off, to lay the sheared fleeces on and to roll them snugly together. The fleece, (without the leg wool,) should be placed upon the smooth bench or boards with the shorn side downwards, and then, if any tag locks remain, they should be careful- ly removed, the fleece should then be made as com- pact as possible, by pushing the wool from all sidea towards the centre or back division, which shows itself plainly, if not too much torn, the loose good wool is then laid upon the fleece; next the folder folds each side of the fleece towards the centre, so that the fleece will not»«xceed ten or twelve inches in width; the head and neck portions of the fleece should then be turned back upon the fleece as far as the part •horn from the shoulders, and then beginning at the tail end of the fleece roll it up as tight and close in at the sides as possible; next wind some good smooth twine around the fleece, (placing one of your knees upon the fleece,) crossing it in different directions, only passing it so many times around the fleece as will be necessary to render it compact. This method presents as good wool as grows upon the sheep, and if all is done right it looks pleasingly desirable. The wool, when shorn and rolled, should be removed to a cool, clean, dry, dark room, where it will be entirely unexposed to dust or dirt of any kind, until it is taken to market, sold, or sacked. Exposure to light for a few days will give it a yellow hue. Some also have a box six feet long to lay the fleece in before rolling SACKING WOOL. 175 it, so that it can be rolled more snugly. The box is made of three well smoothed boards, ten or twelve inches wide. Balling or Sacking of Wool. The kind of linen cloth which is generally used in the United States for balling wool is termed bur laps, and is generally from thirty-six to forty inches in width. Cotton cloth will not answer so well, as the yolk of the wool causes it soon to decay. The quan- tity of bur laps which is necessary for an ordinary sized sack is five yards; the two sides sewed togeth- er with twine or strong thread. A hoop of wood or iron wire is generally used, nround which the edges of the mouth of the sack are folded, and ^ewed with packing twine. The hoop and sack are then placed with its mouth in the inside of a square frame, which is just large enough for the hoop to rest upon its four sides, at an elevation sufficient for the sack to swing clear. If the wool is fine, five or six fleeces are thrown in for a layer, and are followed by a man or boy, who carefully adjusts and treads each successive layer, until the sack is full. It is well, before the packing begins, to stuff the lower corners of the sacks with wool clippings and tic them,—when the sack is filled, it is then drawn together with twine, and tho upper corners prepared in the same manner as the lower ones, in order to form handles for moving the> bales conveniently. 176 SORTING AND Sorting, Marking, &c. During or after the process of shearing, is the most convenient time for sorting, brand-marking, and trimming the feet of the sheep, if you can have hands sufficient to attend to every branch at its proper place. The quality and weight of each fleece may at this time be fully ascertained, the form and every imperfection clearly seen; at this juncture of time, therefore, should be selected out for breeding, all those of either sex which are most dis- tinguished for the several purposes for which they are reared, whether for quantity or quality of wool, or the excellence of mutton and fair proportions of their forms. Such should receive a special, lasting mark, and the weight and quality of their fleeces should be duly noted on paper. At this time, in a large flock, should be sorted out the wethers and dry ewes; particularly those which are old, or diseased, or inferior in size, and which are designed for the butcher. Ewes and lambs should be pastured in flocks by themselves, separate and apart from all other kinds. Rams and wethers may herd togeth- er for the summer season. At this time each sheep should receive a mark or brand on some part of the body, with a paint brush or brand, of the initial let- ters of the owner's name, or some other suitable mark, (without much daubing,) so that it may be seen at a distance, in case any should stray away or get mixed with other sheep. The materials most MARKING SHEEP. 177 suitable for marking are, spirits of turpentine; or linseed oil, or both these articles, mixed with lamp- black, or Venitian red, or Spanish brown- The marks may be placed on different parts of the body, bo that each kind or grade may readily be known.— If the skins of any are found to be in bad condition, the proper remedies may now be conveniently appli- ed. Washing them with salt water will have a good effect upon their skins; it will prevent their taking cold, and cause ticks to drop off. At this, time, also, attention should be paid to the horns of sheep; if any press the bones of the head or face, or endanger the eyes, they should be cut off as far as necessary. The feet should also be well trimmed and pared off, if ne- cessary. The teeth of old sheep should also be exa- mined, and if any are found to be loose, or in any wise defective, so as to be useless, they should be extracted with pincers. Change of pasture is abso- lutely necessary every week; a little salt should bo given as often; mix occasionally with your salt a lit- tle rosin, soot, or ashes, turpentine or alum,—cither or all are essential to their health. Extracts of a Letter from Mr. Thos. Reed. " At a meeting of wool growers, at the State Fair of New York, it was agreed, that the judges of Sax- ony sheep should publish a description of what they considered a complete specimen of Saxony sheep, for the benefit of young wool growers. The other judges t 178 DESCRIPTION OF desired, that I should give a written description to Mr. Peters, the editor of the Wool Grower; to which I at length agreed. Perfection should be the aim of all; and as the Saxony sheep have been brought to the highest state of perfection, as producers of extra fine wool, it is my desire to make the description so plain, that a young wool grower, who observes these rules in buying, or selecting for breeding will soon have a good flock. " First comes the description of a pure blood Saxon buck. He should be of a medium size; and I, (says he,) consider a medium sized buck, to be three feet nine inches from the nose to the root of the tail, around the body three feet two inches, around the flank three feet six inches: from the breast to the hip, two feet six "inches, in height two feet three inches; he should be a little longer than a Merino, and not quite so heavy built. The back almost straight, broad over the kidneys, body round, the neck start- ing almost level with the tops of the shoulders, ta- pering and becoming round towards the head. The head small and neatly set on; no loose skin on the under part of the neck, or very little; the hoofs short and pointed; well quartered, strong, active, and spirited; his eye bright, pleasant countenance, and tame; the skin smooth and healthy looking.— When walking with his side to you he should look finished and gay. He should look and feel woolly, uot stiff or hard, but soft. The same rule should bo observed in selecting ewes, only they are a size less. ■ SAXONY WOOL. 179 " The next comes a description of his wool. Fine wool on his forehead; wool on his crown fine; short downy looking wool on his cheeks; the under part of the neck as fine as possible and crimped; the wool on the body, to be even all over if possible, and should be crimped, twenty-four to twenty-eight crimps to the inch; the crimps should run plain and evenly across the sample, and up to the top resembling crape. It should be soft, fine, thick set, or compact on the sheep ; it should be so, that it will stawd straight out, (showing small strands or divisions on the surface of the fleece; the belly well covered with fine wool; the hip wool soft and crimped. The wool should be clear white, or cream color, moderately yolky, and tho surface of the fleece a little dark. There is a very good kind of wool that is very fine and close, in which you cannot trace the crimps—-you must decide by the rsmallness of the fibre. The fleece, when shorn, should adhere together from its felting properties, when spread, resembling a spider's web; it should be soft and easy rolled; the length of the wool after it is idiom and washed, is from one and a half to two inch- es long. When a young wool grower goes to select, he should carefully keep the above description of a sheep, or some other good model sheep before him, or in his mind; it would help him to have precisely one-fourth of an inch marked on his left thumb nail, to lay the sample on and count; if he count six or seven crimps in that space, they are very good. You 186 DIRECTIONS FOR should cut the samples with scissors, for pulling them injures the wool and sheep both. When the wool is well crimped it is superb. Sheep, that are soaked and washed under a water fall until the wool is pure and clean, will average two and a half pounds per head—if washed in the old way it will average three pounds per head. You can have your sheep exqui- eitely fine, or fine and heavier fleeced, just as you select to breed from. Then why not breed an Amer- ican sheep equal to any in the world, or one that will suit our notions ? "Remember "like begets like." Be careful to guard against the following faults: coarse hairy fac- es ; coarse hair, or uncrimped wool on the under part of the neck; stringy on the top of the shoulders ; bar- renness of the belly; coarse hip wool; and coarse hairs on the inside of the thighs; the skin pale, or covered with spots; slab-sided, poor on reasonable keeping; sunk in the neck; a little coarse, low on the side. By observing these rules in selecting and breeding, my wool passed in 1848, for the best Ame- rican wool at Davis & Aubin's depot, at Kinderhook, N. Y. 9801b superb, 4381b prime, all in two'gradeB. In conclusion, try to have your sheep with as many of the good marks as possible, and very few of the bad ones. Annually select, fatten, and sell faulty sheep to the butcher or drover. By so doing, you will have the profit and pleasure of having a fine beautiful flock. We ought to improve our flocks, raise our own fine IMPROVING SHEEP. 181 wool, and manufacture our own cloth; for if we pay twenty dollars for foreign cloth, it has to be in specie, and away it goes, and some bank has to draw in sixty dollars of her circulation. The difference is, had we bought American cloth, our farmers and mechanics would have had the twenty dollars; and that same money, kept among the industrious part of communi- ty, might have paid a thousand dollars of debt in a year, and still have the same money to go on with. The depots are doing well in grading each kind of wool according to its real value. Mr. Peters, of Buf- falo, Taylor & Rockwell, of Utica, N. V., Blanchard & Co., of Kinderhook, N. Y., Davis & Aubin, of Bos- ton are all doing good business for the wool growers. Mr. Peters, of Buffalo, gives the prices and prospects of wool fairly in his monthly paper. It comes cheap, only 50 cents a year, and I think every wool grower ought to have it. THOMAS REED. Dalton, Wayne Co., A. D., 1850." The compiler would further present, that a good and profitable body of sheep may be obtained, by crossing the Southdown with the Merino and Saxony. The Southdown cannot be excelled in those points, where the Merinos and Saxonys are the most defective: it is moreover an upland sheep, which will bear hard etocking, (which fits it very well for some wool grow- ers.) Its wool, in length, belongs to the middle class, is compact and even; and in fineness ranks about as follows: 6 182 QUALITIES A fibre of five different species was tried by the microscopic power as described by Mr. Youatt. The fibres looked at, assumed a flattened ribbandlike form, with its curls and serrations. By means of the Mi- crometer the number of serrations in an inchT were ascertained to be as follows: Diameter of fibre to an inch. Serrations in an inch. 1. The Saxony Tjq of an tl 2,72ft 2. " Merino ?i5 do. 4C 2,400 3. 11 Southdown gi^ do. " 2,080 4. " Leicester T±r do. " 1,860 5- " Lincoln 7^ do. " 1,600 New Leicester are also a good selection together wit h the Lincoln. After fineness, the goodness of wool is mainly de- pen dant on two qualities, trueness and soundness.—. Mm ufacturcrs have long since known and complaiu> OF WOOL. 183 cd, that some wool was very unequal in the fibre, in some places being so fine or attenuated, as to break much in working, and therefore to cause much of it to be lost in the several processes of manufacturing. The microscope shows, that in most wools the fibres arc the smallest in the middle or nearest the root end ; though in some specimens of wool no such difference of size is perceptible. If such indentations occur, or the middle fineness of the fibre is too great, the wool is said to lack trueness, and is a decided objection by the manufacturer. This inequality or equality gives a chronological register of the health, keeping, expo- sure, and management of the innocent creatures. So exactly does the wool agree in form with the treat- ment it receives, that Dr. Anderson has termed wool a self-registering thermometer. If the animal is in a healthy state, in good order, and kept in a proper temperature, the wool will be of equal trueness or fine- ness, whatever may be the kind. The food of sheep, and regularity of keeping, has a very great influence on the quality of the wool; therefore they ought not to run in pastures without shade, nor be kept without shelter and grain in winter. The latter is not neces- sary in summer pastures; yet the dew is injurious early in the morning. Fine Sheep and heavy Fleeces, in North America. Good management, good feed, and good keeping 184 FINE LARGE SHEEP. will undoubtedly have a tendency to produce soft, hea- vy, and profitable fleeces, and be equally useful for the shambles. We know, that well kept, fine Merino and Saxony bucks will produce from 7 to 12ft) of well washed wool, andgood ewes from 3 to 61b per head. Mr. S. BrowneH, of Chautauqe Co., N. Y., sheared 141b of wool from a Saxony sheep, which weighed with the fleece off 1301b. A fleece weighing 23ft) was taken from a Cotswold buck in England. Mr. Baily, of Rhode Island, says that the weight of the fleeces of his breeding ewes, one hundred in number, of Span- ish Merinos, averaged 5|lb per sheep, well washed. Mr. Bingham, of Vermont, says, " Forty-eight of my ewes with lambs at their sides, averaged 61b of well washed wool. The excellent buck Vermont had 121b 7 oz. washed wool at one clip." Large Sheep. The Cotswold, Leicester, and Lincoln are generally larger and coarser sheep, than the Southdown, Merino and Saxony. The famous Lincoln buck, owned by G. L. Watson, of Cayuga Co., N. Y., called Nonesuch, when measured was 4 feet 1\ inches from the nose to the root of the tail; 2 feet 8 inches high on the shoul- ders ; 2 feet 9 inches high at the rump ; 1 foot 6 inch- es broad across the shoulders; 1 foot 7 inches across. the belly; 1 foot 4 inches across the loins ; 3 feet 10 inches round the brisket and shoulders; weight of LARGE SHEEP. T»:> clean fleece 101b. Another report in the Albany Cul- tivator of a Cotswold ram, three years old weighing 24011); measuring across the shoulders 1 foot 6 inch- es; across the loin 1 foot 5£ inches ; across the back 1 foot 7$ inches; height of the rump 2 feet 6| inches: height of the shoulders 2 feet 5 inches; the weight of the fleece not ascertained. Mr. Thos. Carpenter, of England, recently slaughtered a Cotswold ewe weigh- ing 591b *$ quarter. Another corroborative state- ment of six young Cotswold wethers that had 210ft) each neat weight; with from four to five inches fat on the ribs; mutton selling at 121 cents ^ lb averag- ing for the whole $22 00 ^ eheep. A Southdown wether, bred by the Duke of Bedford, weighed neat 1721b or 431b ^ quarter. Philip Reynolds, of Dela. ware, slaughtered in Philadelphia, a Leicester wether two years old, weighing 1471b neat, and cut 4J inches of fat on the ribs. Mr. Merrrfield had a buck of Lei- cester and Cotswold mix with a fleece of 121b, and sixteen ewes that averaged 71b. This breed origin- ates, according to British authors by a cross from the Bakewell or Leicester and Cotswold sheep. Thus we might continue in an almost endless catalogue of fine and coarse fleeces and carcasses ; but time and space will not admit. Mr. Dun had a buck of this mix, that sheared 151b of one year's growth. 186 WEANING LAMBS Weaning of Lambs. From the middle of July to the middle of>Augu9t is n, »i?ry profitable time to wean the lambs from the ewes. Lambs weaned at this time will do better with good attention, than to let them run with their dams until later in the fall, and is highly necessary if we wish the ewes to receive the bucks early in the season, which will undoubtedly be of great benefit in improv- ing and enlarging the bodies of the coming genera- tions ; with their health and durability. The pastures arc also more soft, and better suited to their wants as u substitute for milk; and by making the change eirly in the season, they become better accustomed to feed and will winter better, than when left with the ewes until late. It also has a great tendency for the ewes to gain their strength, before conception time arrives, which may, in a great measure, be left to our own choice; but, fellow wool growers, let us turn the yeaning time earlier than the present custom is: with good keeping and warm shelter, let our lambs come from the last of January to the last of February I well know, that this change of yeaning time will be objected to by many wool growers; but let us try the experiment. By observation and past experience, I am satisfied of the utility and benefit of the plan, and will prove the assertion in the coming year or years. Examine, for instance, the Zoar flock. The Zoarites, as a society, have adopted this plan for many years, WINTER FODDER. 187 wiili great improvement to their floek in size of body and fineness of fleece. Mr. D. Yaut says, " I have practised pasturing my cornfields with sheep. I find it not only the best pas- ture for sheep, but a decided advantage to the corn in the latter part of July and through August. I have turned into a field of ten acres, from one hundred to one hundred and fifty head for three or four days at a time, until they had completely cleared out the grass and weeds. If the corn is of large growth they will do no harm whatever to the ears or stocks, only pick- ing off occasionally a few leaves below. And for lambs it is the best of pasture. They may be left until they have thoroughly eradicated the weeds and grass. If they should nibble a little on a few ears, the loss will be made up ten fold, by the advantage to the fleeces and coming crop, and having the ground well cleaned for the plough the coming season. Sheep will do no damage to pompions, unless they suffer from want of other nourishment." Preparing for winter Fodder. From the fifth to the fifteenth of June, is a very convenient and best time in our clime, to sow millet seed, (American panic grass,) for hay or fodder, it is a very productive crop, if sown in fine earth, having favourable weather, will mature the last of August, or first of September; when the grains in the heads are 188 CORN FODDER. about half of them filled, then cut, makes excellent hay in good weather. Or if you wish to have apart or all for seed, let it stand about ten days longer, cut it with a cradling machine, when dry run it through a threshing machine, to obtain the seed and soften the hay, stack it or mow it for safe keeping, place it in reach of your sheep, cattle or horses, in winter, and you will be astonished at the avidity of their eating, and the luxuriant effects it will have upon their bodies; from three pecks to a bushel may be sown to the acre, well prepared by harrowing before and after seeding, (light harrowing or brushing, is best after seeding.) Sowing Corn for Fodder. My experience corroborates with that of D. Yant, as reported to the State agricultural board; ground of ordinary strength ought to be taken, such as a common wheat soil. If sown upon a sod it should be plowed but once; but if there is no sod, the better way is to plough and harrow it in April, and plough again about the tenth or fifteenth of June. From the fifteenth to the twenty-fifth of June, sow three bushels of corn per acre. If the soil is loose and fine, harrowing in will do very well, but if somewhat heavy, harrow fine before sowing, and plow it in with a cultivator or drill. No more attention in cultivation is needed until fit to cut. The best time to do this is CORN FODDER. 189 generally in the latter part of September or first of October, when the leaves have become somewhat dry and the stock stiff. The most important part of the process is, cutting and setting up well. If the growth of fodder is not more than from four to six feet high, it mfiy be cut with a strong grain cradle. A short scythe and but three strong fingers are the best.— (h-adle it down, and let two strong hands follow with rakes, take a swath each, and set it in small shocks perfectly loose. Let the shock be large enough to stand up well, tie the tops bent over, firmly with a handful of rye straw, then let it alone until winter, and if well put up, it will require but little attention to keep it from falling down, and when once firmly Ket, will shed water so as not wet half an inch deep. It may also be cut with a German sickle, thrown into bunches and put up as before. It may be drawn in, as needed in the winter. It cannot be kept good in a mow, however dry it may appear to be, without heating and spoiling. If well put up it makes deli- cious food for horses, cattle and sheep ; they will eat it up clean. It may be whole, or cut with a cornstock cutter, which makes it very palatable and nutritious; if either this or the millet be cut' with Royer's, or another similar cutter, with a little bran, shorts, or corn and cob meal mixed, makes very nutritious food for sheep and calves. The corn fodder of the common corn raising, also, makes a similar feed: The sweet and Dutton corn stock is superior to the common, on 190 MANAGEMENT—CONCEPTION. account of the fine juicy stock, and many sprouts from one stalk. Fall Management. In the fall, (early,) about the first of September, or sooner, select your breeding ewes, and best breed- ing bucks, and even your bucks ought to be selected a fortnight or longer before, to be fed with grain and good pasture, to give them nerve and strength, to their progeny; and if the ewes were treated in the same manner, with a little dry tansy and salt, given them occasionally, would greatly accelerate them and their offspring. Conception Time. If you have many ewes and but a few choice bucks keeping your buck or bucks, each in a small lot of pasture with shade, give him but ten or twelve ewes at one time, for a few days, then remove those and give him another lot, so changing, he may serve one hundred ewes in a month, or if you have plenty of good bucks, divide off fifty, less or more for each in a lot by themselves, or if a shepherd has a superior ■choice buck, and takes the trouble to keep a muffled buck; let him keep his seed buck in a dark shed, with plenty of nutritious food, and when a ewe is in FOLDING—PROVISIONS. 191 play from the teasing of the muffler, bring her imme- diately to the tupper or superior ram, and as soon as tupped remove her, and bring in another, in this way by strict care, one ram might serve two hundred ewes in a month. Be careful early in the fall, when your grass is frosted, to give or let your sheep have access to good hay, especially the weaned lambs. Folding in Autumn. Sheep ought to be folded early in the fall season, as soon as cold rains and cold nights come in ; be on the watch, keep your shelters and pens clean and well littered, and if a cold rain or night appears, be ready and attentive to have them under shelter, to give a little good bran, shorts, potatoes or corn cob meal, with a little salt and rosin, turpentine or tar of pine. Commence and continue faithfully, to at- tend to your sheep, during fall, winter and spring, with the necessary succulent food, with frequent changes of food, according to the necessary provi- sions made. The Change and Provisions Ought to be either fine cut potatoes mixed with clean chaff from smooth wheat, or cut corn fodder, hay or straw, with a little weak salt brine mixed, or corn cob meal, or shorts, or chopped barley and oats; 192 CHANGING PROVISIONS. either of these grain mixtures, about from 12 to 1G quarts mixed, (the bran double) with 5 or 6 bushels of cut or chaff fodder once a day, say in the morning, per hundred, at noon clean straw, and in the evening good hay ; good healthy hay can only be made, by sweating in cocks or by putting one-third of dry straw in layers on the mow between the hay and so continuing, in place of straw sometimes or daily a little nipping on your strong grain or rye field, especially the ewes and lambs; with occasionally, one or the other of the Diuretic medicines, with a little salt or if salt is given daily in their short food; rub the medical properties in a little shorts, bran or corn cob meal, or among their feed once a week or fortnight, the portion two or three drops per head. Though if they grow too fat or flow too much urine abandon the Terebinthea, and occasionally give a little clean Wood Ashes, oil cake, or flaxseed well pulverized.— All these medical ingredients are very efficacious to their health and strength, if frequently given in small doses, at proper times and intervals. It is an impor- tant requisite to winter sheep economically; and is very generally overlooked in the flourishing State of Ohio, and elsewhere. Feeding green and root feed, in small portions, is very essential, such as potatoes, artichokes, apples, carrots, turnips, ruta baga, beets, radishes, &c, mix- ed cut fodder, such as hay, straw, corn stocks, sheaf oats, with admixture in proportion as aforesaid. Let DIFFERENT NUTRIMENT. 193 us no longer have these harmless profitable animals live on the damp atmosphere and cold air, by eating earth, old stumps, rough bark of trees, fence rails, and such like, with scanty nippings. Nutriment of Food in its Difference. The nutriment in good wheat straw is about one- third that of good hay—3001b of straw would be equal to 1001b of hay; but it only takes about 501b of wheat bran to equal 1001b of hay. One bushel of corn, or two bushels of corn and cob meal, (or nearly so,) is equal to 100ft) of hay, as also of ruta baga, carrot, potato, white or sugar beet, and Jerusalem artichoke. 25ft) of oil meal, and 301b of bean or pea meal, contain the same nutriment as 1001b of hay. With these facts, the farmer or wool grower has it in his power to add largely to his winter forage, by a little extra expense and labor; which costs him but little in comparison with the benefit and labor saving otherwise. By cutting all his fodder, grinding all his grain, and mixing it with his chopped or cut feed, a decided saving is effected, because the meal and roots, or corn and cob meal, are then perfectly assimilated in the stomach of the animal, and thus thoroughly digested. 194 CUTTING FODDER. The best Method of Cutting Fodder, Is by a machine that will operate by horse power, where you may cut one hundred bushels of fodder in an hour, with four horses and three or four hands. After cutting you may mix as much as you please in cold weather, with your cut roots, or corn, barley, shorts, or corn and cob meal, with a little weak salt brine, by heaping it up in a garner, or otherwise lay some pressure on, so that it will soften and ferment a little ; though in warm weather you must avoid the pressure or meal or brine. Thus you have a very succulent food for your sheep and other stock. We again say to all stock or wool growers: Feed nothing to your animals, but that which is prepared in the best manner, and feed moderately, in warm and dry shelter; and you will be amply rewarded for all your labor and carefulness. I will here present you another table, that you may be more fully enabled to make proper calcula- tions from the knowledge and number of your stock. That a horse will consume as much food beside grain as eight sheep,—a cow as much as twelve sheep,—a fattening ox as much as ten sheep—a three year old heifer :n much as eight sheep,—a two year old as much as six sheep,—a one year old as much as four eheep,—a calf as much as two sheep. MANY SHIFTS. 195 Many Shifts made. Many different modes for feeding sheep and other stock are prepared, under and without shelter. We would say to those who are not able, or have not the convenience, to build good and splendid barns and sheds; let the best of shift-shelter be made on the south side of a knob or elevation; if you wish a tem- porary shelter, build yourself two rail pens or larger, if you please, five or six rails high, of 6trong square rails, or smooth round poles, from five "to six inches in diameter, thirty or forty feet apart east and west, for your hay and straw stacks to set in ; unite these by two or three poles, reaching from one pen to the other, with props under the middle, sloping to the north, ten or twelve feet wide, having the top laid with thin broad rails or brush, covered with plenty of straw on the top, and the north side well boarded tight below, with split plank or stakes, close set and banked up with earth, to keep off the frost bitings of the north. Or have a shed on well set posts or props well covered with faggots or loose straw, the north, east, and west ends well closed up, with a yard of half an acre well enclosed, to open by a gate, to let the sheep in and out at pleasure; or have a department in your fold to house them while they are fed in the racks. Let your racks not be too much of a temporary shift; but let them be after the model given in A- 196 PUBLISHER'S VIEWS. Yant's communication. Such or similar racks will more than pay for themselves, by saving of hay and fodder in one winter; they answer well for hay and short feed, or any thing the sheep can eat, by observ- ing cleanliness in the box rack; and one or more men can also move them from one place to another. Such racks, if well made, Avill last for many years. Bear in mind, that the box rack is made of a plank eigh- teen inches wide, two inches thick, ten or twelve feet long, with four legs ten or twelve inches high, with side boards eight or nine inches wide nailed on the edge of the plank on each side; then, or previously, boring holes in the edge for rungs 14 or sixteen inches apart, the rungs fourteen inches long, with a board seven or eight inches high set in the rungs edgewise, with the ends boarded up, leaving an opening with a trap or slight shutter at one end, to clean the bottom of your trough easily. Thus you will have a convenient rack to set in many places, and serve the sheep to approach on both sides at once. You may also have others on your side walls, with a trough below if you choose, always observing cleanliness. The Publisher Would assert, in corroboration of the views of the compiler, on breeding and winter keeping, what he has learned by long observation and experience, viz: that the most profitable, strong, and healthy sheep can PUBLISHER'S VIEWS. 197 be raised, by the lambs dropping from the first of January to the first of February, bred from strong ewes, and fine well-formed bucks, kept under good Bhelter in bad and cold weather, fed with the greatest regularity. The breeding ewes and weaned lambs, fed with a little grain, shorts, or corn and cob meal, mixed with clean, smooth wheat chaff, or fine cut Btraw and hay, or corn fodder, without access to wa- ter. I am fully satisfied by experience and observa- tion, that to drink water freely, is injurious to their vitality. The abundance of water they drink causes their paunch to expand, weakens the digestive organs and causes them to have Ascites, (dropsy of the bel- ly,) or Hydrothorax, (dropsy of the chest.) Green good pasture in summer, and succulent damp food in winter is sufficient, and much better for their health, as well as the growth of the flesh and wool. Let them have a dry lot adjoining your ewe shed and stable, to run and play in, so that they may at all times have their own choice to go in and out at pleasure in fair weather. The greatest attention should be given to pregnant ewes in yeaning time. Have a warm apartment for your yeaning ewes, that your lambs may not freeze. Continue to attend and feed your ewes, and all other grades, with good succulent food, such as sweet hay, straw, chaff, and cornfodder mix- ed as above directed, each class according to their wants until good pasture comes. Wean your lambs about the middle of July, that your ewes may improve 198 PUBLISHER'S VIEWS. in vigor, giving them a little dry Tansy or (Tanace- tum,) with a small quantity of salt mixed, to prepare them for the buck, or tupping time. The weaned lambs should be kept on good sweet pasture until the frost blights the grass, (occasionally giving them a little rosin and salt,) then feed in addition some shorts or corn and cob meal. Keep them under shelter dur- ing cold nights and stormy weather.. Then when the grass is much frosted, give plenty of good soft hay, with cut fodder, bran, shorts, roots, or corn and cob meal mixed. Great advantage is derived from a strong coat of a rye field near your lamb fold, for them to run upon an hour or two each day, when the ground is bare and the weather favorable in winter. If diarrhoea ensues, give a little dry Tanacetum (Tan- sy,) with a small portion of Salt mixed. Young lambs should be well nursed and kept growing without stint. Also give them occasionally a little Salt on pine tar, or ship pitch, smeared in your salting troughs; and ev- ery fortnight a few drops of Terebinthea (Turpentine) to each, mixed with a little Salt and bran or shorts, well rubbed together, or Rosin mixed with a little Salt. The dry ewes and wethers, if not too poor and old, may be kept on good hay and a little rye or wheat pasture for an hour or two per day; still their keep will be better and more profitable with a little grain and short feed, and a little salt and bran mixed with Terebinthea, once in a fortnight or two to keep up their flesh for the profit of the sheep owner. The SEPARATION—CASTRATION. 199 Pine Tar, Ship Pitch, and Rosin, with good shelter and roomy yard, are not to be withheld, though in the fattening process, Terebinthea may cause them to smother in fat, by continuing it repeatedly too long in the summer time; therefore caution must be used in all these relaxations, especially in hot weather. During the pasturing season let tp.eir pastures be changed at least once a week and oftener if pos- sible ; removing them from one place to another— not admitting them to water in summer or winter; as drinking much water proves detrimental to their growing and fattening qualities. Separation Is also necessary and of great benefit. Strong wethers, bucks, ewes, and lambs, old and puny ones, and yearlings, in a large flock, each class should, if possible, be kept in herds and departments by them- selves both in summer and in winter; owing in a measure to the number and room a man may possess or have access to, and shelters should never be omit- ted in bad weather. Castration Ought to be very cautiously attended to, and only the coarsest and ill-formed ones altered when quite young; the best looking ram lambs to remain natu- 200 SUMMER FATTENING. ral until nine or twelve months old, so that you can more fully judge of their good qualities. Altering may be performed in spring and fall at any time or age, without danger, by applying a little tar, lard, and terebinthea mixed, on the wound. Docking lambs appears very unnatural, and I cannot sanction or recommend irj Summer Fattening Sheep Generally ought to be selected by wool growers, at shearing time, which ought always to be done by searching out the oldest and coarsest stragglers of the flock. They ought to be put to good pasture, and in the beginning of this fattening process, fold them apart in the evening twice a fortnight, for the pur- pose of drenching them next morning with a large teaspoonful, half a tablespoonful of Terebinthea, (Tur- pentine,) mixed with half a gill of soft water to each, and then once a week for three or four weeks, a few drops of the same to each, rubbed in their feed or salt and bran. Give not too freely—omit occasion- ally a fortnight or more, and then repeat only the drops; and a few weeks before slaughtering cease to give the Terebinthea, or antidote it by giving campho- ra if you wish to have their mutton in a few days, so that the mutton or suet may not taste after it. Grain, shorts, or corn and cob meal, roots or any other meal must not be withheld in the fattening process; and HAY—WINTER FATTENING. 201 you may have fleeces to weigh from 8 to 101b, and mutton from 80 to 40ft) *<$ quarter. Good Fine Hay Should be provided for all your stock, and espe- cially for the sheep. To make hay good, sweet, healthy, and palatable, be careful to dry and sweat it well on the sod and cocks; let it set on the heap at least twenty-four hours, and then air it well again before hauling or setting on the stack or mow, with two or three handsful of Salt sprinkled through a ton. The stacks, if made, are best after the French or Hungarian plan, not circular, but oblong, one rail's breadth, and then as long as you please, well built and raked ; begin to feed at one end, by cutting it down in suitable spaces, so as not to expose a large Bpace to the weather. Winter Fattening. The best process in winter fattening, is in folding them under good, dry, and airy shelter, day and night, without water, well and equally fed, on good hay occasionally, but principally on fine corn fodder, potatoes, roots, or corn and cob meal, barley and oats chopped or boiled and mixed with cut fodder moistened with salt water, beginning with small portions of grain in the most cleanly manner. Their 202 GERMAN SHEPHERD, troughs and racks ought to be well cleansed at every grain feeding, or once a day. The Terebinthea must not be omitted; but used as directed in summer fat- tening. Very little Salt should be given to any; es- pecially when the hay has been sprinkled with it. A little leaven may also be mixed with their food occa- sionally, to keep up their appetite. Omit the use of Terebinthea when fully fat, and a fortnight before slaughtering. If you will strictly feed and fatten your sheep in this way, you will be astonished at the great pile of wool and fat grown upon them. Try it in faith. Attention should also be given to the at- mosphere. In warm or dense winter weather the animal does not require quite so much food to keep up its natural heat. The quantity of food may be regulated by their clean eating. They should eat every good portion of food clean before the next feed- ing time; which should be two or three times a day. A few Extracts from Mr. Jacob Rabel, A noted shepherd, bred and educated in Wurtem- berg, having the advantage of twelve years' experi- ence as principal shepherd in Hungary. He was, in consequence of the late revolution in that country, compelled to leave it and emigrate to North Ameri- ca, and is now herding for Hon. S. Lahm, of Stark eounty, Ohio. 1. He recommends, that a good shepherd must be GERMAN SHEPHERD. 208 qualified to herd his sheep orderly, and not permit them unnecessarily to soil the pasture by running over a larger scope than is actually needed to satisfy their present appetite; but to lay off his pasture field or district in such lots as will be sufficient to feed his flock one time ; the shepherd and his dog to confine the sheep to the space allotted for the present half day, so that they may have good clean pasture every feeding time. 2. Also to select such pasturage as may be healthy, without access to stagnant water; for the latter is very detrimental to their health. 3. To see to it, that their provender be well and sweetly cured, so that in winter feeding no watery, mouldy, ilirty flakes or layers may be found; but if this should be the condition of the fodder, let it be well shaken and dusted, and yet it will be unhealthy. 4. A suep; vrd should fully understand how to keep healthy improving sheep, not only by healthy nutri- tious food; but also by improving their qualities in fineness ;id form. To select the finest and best forms of rai.i.s and ewes to breed from; let your ram be one Wtlli :•, long hut not too high a body, a lengthy middling ihick neck free from small wrinkles, with the finest, wool, white on the skin, the latter purple, or scarle* r< J. curled, unbroken thick wool, with a length ol a- : two to three inches. Let your breed- ing ewes ': - hcII formed, sound and healthy, even in their ancestry 204 GERMAN SHEPHERD. 5. In tupping time the shepherd ought to take special care to classify the rams and ewes according to their best qualities; to generate the first and best classes of lambs; to bring them to the first and great- est improvement, by the care of the watchful and enterprising shepherd. 6. Let your breeding rams, especially a month or longer before tupping time, be well cleansed with anti-psoric medicine, such as Sulphur, Ashes, Tana- cetum, &c, let them be well fed with a little grain and red clover, in an airy, cool stable, at rest, so that your choice ram or rams may be fully matured; and put your ewes in good order for conception, by giv- ing them good keeping with a little purifying medi- cine, such as Rosin, Sulphur, Tanacetum, &c. Let the ram or rams be stationary, and the ewes brought to them singly or by pairs, after being teased by a muffler. At every interval, let your covering ram have a little rest and feed. Have your sheep num- bered on the body and record, that you may know their genealogy and quality. 7. It is of great importance as well as of necessity to feed your ewes that are in gestation, four or five weeks before yeaning time, with good succulent food, to open and fill the milk secretions, so that they may have milk for their young in yeaning time. 8. The true shepherd must give strict attention in yeaning time, as young ewes will often neglect their lambs, and some have no milk in their first yeaning. GERMAN SHEPHERD. 205 Such need milk producing food, and their lambs fre- quently attached to the teat to call forth the milk. Keep the ewe and her lamb in a small enclosure by themselves, or with but a few others; and mark them with the number of their grade and age, &c. 9. The interested shepherd must also take heed to the weaning of the lambs. When they are four or five months old, let the lambs be separated from the ewes in the morning, for the space of five or six days, only permitting them to remain with their dams one hour out of twenty-four; and at the fifth or sixth day separate thein altogether. By these means the milk will disappear more easily. 10. It is very reasonable that these weaned lambs ought to have the most succulent and palatable food and pasture, that can be had, on high and dry land. and not allow them to feed on pasture when the dew is heavy upon the grass; let the sun and air pass over it a few hours first. 11. Let the true shepherd give unto the lambs, as well as unto the old sheep, a small quantity of salt once a week, thinly strewed in well cleansed troughs, at about resting time in the evening. Neither water nor food should be allowed them soon after the salt, so that it may commence its medical effects during the night's rest. 12. The guarding shepherd ought to know, that if a warm or dry day follows the reception of the salt. and the sheep have been used to fresh running water 206 GERMAN SHEPHERD. daily, they ought to be admitted to the water quite early: never at noon, or in the heat of the day, nor at evening. It is better for them to have no water, as long as they have free access to good green pas- tures ; but in dry winter foddering, clean spring or well water may be admitted. General observation shows, that the less water in the summer time, the better their health will be found. 13. Let the shepherd well remember the inclement weather of the fall season, such as cold rains, frost, and sleet, from the bad effects of which he should be especially careful to guard his sheep, and not let them run on the pastures when the sleet or frost is on the grass. If this is neglected, many will fall victims to diseases and premature death, especially gestative ewes. 14. The efficient master or shepherd must endea- vor to have the necessary provisions made at the be- ginning of his winter foddering, for his excellent sheep, so that they may have free access to a pure, dry and good shelter, where they may have their nat- ural warmth, particularly when the yeaning time is fixed to be in January. Then it is indispensably ne- cessary to provide airy warm shelters, with equal portions of sweet succulent food, at least one month before yeaning or lambing, and continue it for the comfort of young and old. 15. If the lambs are willing and able to eat of their own accord, give them small portions of clean oats or GERMAN SHEPHERD. 207 corn meal in clean troughs, so that your lambs will be furthered on in their growth. 16. The advantages to be derived from strict at- tention to the preceding sheep culture are, the great improvement of the sheep both in body and fleece, which will richly remunerate the expense and atten- tion by the owner and shepherd. 17. Curative Ointment for Foot Rot.—First pare' off the dead horn, wash the foot or feet clean, then strew a pinch or case knife point full of the following powder on the wound, well rubbed in or pressed on: Bluestone 5 oz., Burnt Alum 4 oz., Gunpowder 4 oz., pulverized, mixed, and applied five or six times at daily intervals. 18. Another successful remedy for the Foot Ail.— Salmiac, Turpentine, Hartshorn, 4 oz. of each, Sul- phuric Acid 8 oz., Sweet Oil 6 oz., Wine Vinegar 8 oz., all carefully mixed together, and applied with a hair pencil, well rubbed in, after being well cleansed as before directed. 19. For Hydrothorax or Dropsy of the Chest.—For 32 head, take Ruta Leaves, Red Gentian Root, Centu- ary, each 4 oz., Juniper Berries lib pulverized, mixed, and divided into 8 parts, giving mornings and even- ings one portion each time, to lick in troughs, with lib of wheat bran and 1ft) of common salt mixed. 20. Scours in sheep, (or Diarrhoea.)—To 100 head, Take dried Bilberry, (Mortelberry,) 4 oz., Gentian 3 oz., Calamus 2\ oz., Dragon's Blood2] oz., mix and 208 GERMAN SHEPHERD. divide into four parts; to be given mornings and evenings in 1 Jib. wheat bran and 1 Jib. Natrum (salt.) 21. For Bloating and Colica give 1J drachm (quen- tel) Red Stone Oil with one ounce of Rye Liquor, give it to the diseased sheep and rake the fundament. Subscribed by Jacob Rabel, born and educated in the Kingdom of Wurtemberg, practised in the King- dom of Hungary, by the late revolution influenced to emigrate to North America, in 1850. JACOB RABEL, Shepherd* CUES OF DISEASES HONG SHEEP, GIVr.N BY VARIOUS AUTHORS, FOUNDED ON THEIR OWN EXPERIENCE. TO CURE BY ALLOPATHIC PREPARATIONS OF MEDICINE. Extracts of a Letter from the Hon. Wm, Jarvis, of Vermont. , •' As connected with sheep management, it will not be improper to point out the remedies for some of the must common diseases." Foot Rot Was totally unknown among the Spanish Merinos It was brought into this country iu A. D. 1826, with the sheep imported from Saxony. The be6t remedy ■210 ALLOPATHIC CURES for this disease is Roman*or Blue Vitriol, pulverized very fine; three parts thereof, and one part of White Lead mixed into a thin paste, with Linseed Oil.— Slightly cut off the horn of the hoof to come at the part affected, and if put on in season, one or two dressings will almost invariably cure them. The foul substances ought to be cleaned with a knife or thin stick, from between the hoof and quick, before the ointment is put on. An excellent preventive against the foot rot is, to trim and wash the hoofs clean in strong soap suds, made of ordinary soft soap, direct- ly after shearing; as during this process their feet' get very foul or bruised. Scao, However, was a disease to which the Spanish sheep or Merinos were very subject, if not taken great care of. Sulphur, mixed with hog's lard, well rubbed into the part affected, directly after shearing will cure the disease. Another remedy is, boiling tobacco in wa-> ter till the liquor is pretty strong, put it into a hogs- head or tub, take the two fore legs in one hand, and the two hind legs in the other, and immerse the sheep exoept the head for about two minutes; then take a very hard brush or a very fine curry comb and scrub the hard scab'off from the part affected till it appears raw; pour on some tobacco liquor and let the sheep run. One or two dressings will almost invariably FOR DISEASED SHEEP. 211 cure them; the best time, likewise, is directly after shearing. If the lambs are immersed, it must be in a much weaker liquor, if too strong, it is very per- nicious to them. Lambs are often infested with ticks, which arc easily destroyed by immersing them, about ten days after shearing the ewes, in weak to- bacco water. Bloatcdness I believe to be a kind of colic. The remedy is, two great spoonsful of Castor Oil mixed with a teaspoon - ful of pulverized Rhubarb, to which add two or three great spoonsful of hot water, to make it more fluid; open the mouth and put down a spoonful at a time, as fast as they can swallow it. About half as much more is required for a stout buck, and half the quan- tity for a lamb. If pulverized Rhubarb is not at hand ground Ginger will do, but is not as certain." Extract of a Letter from Wm. Brownlee, of Washington, Pa. " As to diseases, I am happy to say, that I have very little experimental knowledge of them, as our Bheep have not been exposed to them, until last sum- mer, when the Foot Rot visited us, which is a very stubborn disease to cure. I had it in one of my 212 ALLPATHIC CURES flocks; but I think I have eradicated it after much trouble, and will here give you a recipe for the cure of it: lib of Blue Vitriol finely pulverized, 1 o*. of Alum, Honey and Hog's Lard enough to make a stiff salve. The feet must be closely pared, cleansed, and anointed with the salve. Ticks on Lambs or Sheep, Acarus Reduvius. This disgusting insect infests sheep of all ages, but none others so much as yearlings. While they tend to Impoverish the animal, if collected in large num- bers, they stain the wool in such a manner, as to make it difficult to cleanse ; but they are so easily destroy- ed, and effectually eradicated, that it is inhumane in any flock master to permit their torments to continue any length of time, to any portion of his sheep. The following is the modus operandi for destroying them: For 100 lambs use 51b of inferior plug tobacco, or 101b of stems; the former should be chopped fine into small pieces, that its strength may be fully extracted by boiling. This will require some hours to do; and the most effectual way, will be to apply at first two pails full of water, which may boil for half an hour, then take one pail of liquor from the kettle, and at the same time add another of water, and so on till 30 gallons of decoction is made, for which the quantity of tobacco is adequate. A half hogshead will be the best to dcposite the liquor in, upon one side of the top FOR DISEASED SHEEP. 213 of which should be fastened a rack, to rest the lambs after their immersion, in order that the liquor may drain off into the tub. If this is not done, much of it will be unnecessarily wasted. About a week after shearing, the ticks will have left the ewes and fasten- ed themselves upon the lambs, which will be the most proper time to have them up for operation. The lambs must be held hy the head with both hands, and then dipped to the ears, using great care, that none of the decoction passes into the mouth, eyes, or ears. There are some flock masters who immerse all their sheep ; but if the lambs are faithfully attended to every year, at the period recommended, few, if any of the remain- der of the flock will be infested. Good condition of keeping is one of the best preventives of this nuisance. Tobacco decoction will also be found excellent for slight wounds of the skin, scab, and cutaneous irrita- tions from Johnswort. Apoplexy. This disease is peculiar only to sheep when they are very fat; it is their plethoric situation, which is the inducing cause. But the fit rarely occurs if the animal is kept quiet; but hurried journeys, worrying and over-fatigue will often cause it. Sheep, there- fore, in a high condition, should be driven with great oore. If the symptoms are aggravated, a small quan- tity of blood should be drawn from the jugular vein, 214 ALLOPATHIC CURES and 4 oz. of Epsom salts immediately administered, and 1 oz. every six hours, until the bowels are open. The sheep should then be very sparingly fed for a few days. Grub in the Head, or (Estris Otis. Blacklock, of London,. says, " Much annoyance is caused to the sheep, by the presence of animals in the air passages. The CEstris Oris, (Gad-Fly,) deposites its eggs on the margin of the nostrils in autumn.— These are soon hatched, and the larvaj immediately find their way up the interior of the nose, until they arrive at the frontal sinus, a cavity situated between the layers of the frontal bone, and of considerable size in the sheep. Here they remain until the fol- lowing spring, when they quit their home and burrow in the earth for a short time; then they become winged insects, and ready to enter upon the career of torment, so ably gone through by their predecessors." To prevent the attacks of this mischievous insect, it will be found necessary, about the beginning of July, and again about the first of August, to assemble the flock, and thoroughly tar the parts adjacent to the nostrils. Others have tried with success, smearing the bottoms of the troughs with tar, and occasionally sprinkling salt over it. The effluvia of tar is abhor- rent to all winged insects. When the grub worms are numerous they produce much irritation and cause FOR DISEASED SHEEP. 215 the sheep to sneeze violently.—Blacklock says, " To- hacco smoke is the only available remedy, and one very easily brought in contact with the worms, and when properly administered certain in its effects.— One person secures the sheep, holding the head in a convenient position, while another having a pipe half filled with tobacco, kindled in the usual manner, plac- ing one or two folds of a handkerchief over the mouth of the smoking pipe, then passing the tube a good way up the nostril, applies his mouth near the covered bowl and blows vigorously through the handkerchief. When this has continued a few seconds, the pipe is withdrawn and the operation repeated on the other nostril." Another Remedy for Grub in the Head. S. W. Jcwett, Esq., of Vermont, says, " In order to guard against the injury of the sheep-fly, which is most troublesome to breeding ewes, many breeders in this vicinity, make use of Scotch snuff, thrown up the nose by a common syringe; a pound is mixed with eight quarts of water : one half gill is sufficient for each nostril. It requires two persons to operate ex- peditiously. The head of the sheep partly enters a iiome constructed for that purpose, and is secured fust to receive the injection. The time selected for this operation is the fall season. Those sheep af- fected with the Grub in the head, occasioned by thi* 2 IB ALLOPATHIC CURES fly, may be sought out during the winter and spring months. They exhibit a general stupidity and dul- ness; stand rather drooping. The viscid matter that flows from the nose is sometimes of a bloody color. Good keeping during the summer months is the great- est preventive for this and most diseases that trouble the sheep family." Coryza. During the winter season this disease is very com- mon with sheep that are wholly exposed to the incle- mency of the weather, or when shelters are imper- fectly constructed. The chief annoyance is occasion- ed by an excess of mucus which clogs in the nasal passages and causes great difliculty of breathing. When the sheep is not relieved it will sometimes die from suffocation, or if the inflammation extends to the bronchial tubes, pulmonary consumption, (rot,) will very frequently ensue. The best treatment is to remove them to a dry shelter, and give them a dose of purgative medicine, Tar, or Rosin. The preventives, which are always worth a pound of cure, are good shelters and wholesome food, with regular attendance. Blind Staggers in Sheep. Half a pint of hog's lard melted and poured down the throat, will cure blind staggers in ten minutes, says the Albany Cultivator. FOR DISEASED SHEEP. 217 Rot in Sheep. According to W. C. Spooner, Youatt, Morrel, Can- field, Liringston and Flower, with many other sheep essayers agree, that the rot in sheep is occasioned by suffering sheep to pasture on water flooded lands, leaving water and slime to stagnate. The first symp- toms are by no means strongly marked; there is no loss of condition at first, but rather the contrary, in- deed sheep for the butcher, have been purposely eothed or rotted, in order to ensure their fattening for a few weeks, a practice adopted by the celebrated Bakewell. A want of liveliness and a paleness of the mem- branes, generally may be considered as the first symp- toms of the disease, to wliich may be added a yel- lowness of the caruncle of the corner of the eye.— This suspicion will be further increased, if a few weeks afterwards the sheep begins to shrink, and be- come flaccid about the loins. By pressure about the hips at this time a crackling is perceptible, now or soon afterwards, the countenance looks pale and upon parting the wool on the sheep, the skin is found to have changed from its vermillion tint to a pale red, and the wool is easily separated from the pelt, and as the disorder advances, the skin becomes dappled with yellow or black spots. Swelling under the chin; a bag of water is collected there, which ought to be pierced with a sharp knife, to let the dropsical water 7 218 ALLOPATHIC CURES run out. The most effectual remedies are Mercurial- Friction, plenty of salt should be placed in their reach, and given to them as medicine. Make a swab by rapping a small rag around the end of a stick, mix tar and salt together, one-fourth salt to three- fourths tar, dip the end of your stick in the mixture, thrust it into the mouth, let it chew or knaw on it a few moments until the nose and mouth are well sat- urated with it, and repeat three or four times atinter- vals of five or six days: have it to swallow a little of the mixture. Or take Salt, Sulphate of Iron, and Ginger, mix an equal quantity of each and give from oue to two drachms in some nourishing gruel. An aperient should be given once or twice during the treatment, and may consist of one or two ounces of sulphate of Magnesia, or a large table spoonful of common salt dissolved in warm gruel or water. Food should be very nutritious, with good hay or sound pasture.—To feed or give salt bacon occasionally is said to prevent and cure the disease as well as plenty of tar and salt. Scours or Diarrhea, Is cans 3d' by mistreatment in food, pasture, or shelter. It can easily be arrested by mixing a small quantity of pulverized Alum in wheat bran, and fed for a day or two A decoction of Hemlock bark, after boiling is a powerful Astringent, and has been used; FOR DISEASED SHEEP. 219 with success. Tanacetum, dried and a small portion given with bran and salt, is excellent. Another. Mr. Reed Burritt, of New York, writes, in refer- ence to this disease, " Late in the fall of 1837 the scours got among my lambs, and I was not able to arrest the disease until some forty of them died. At length a friend recommended rennet prepared the same as the cheese maker uses it to set the curd for cheese. I accordingly gave to each lamb that was diseased, about four table spoonsful, ana not one of them failed to recover. We then prepared a quanti- ty sufficient to soak a bushel of oats, and fed them in piecemeals to the remainder of the flock, which con- sisted of one hundred, and the disease stopt entirely. It has often been tried and never failed of curing. An old sheep sometimes needs six or seven spoonsful. If they are not relieved in twenty-four hours, repeat the dose. Let the shepherd not neglect to tag the innocent animal. Another Recipe highly recommended. Take Black Walnut Hulls, dried and pulverized, mixed with an equal quantity of flour, then wet and make into pills, the size of small hickory nuts, give three or four of these at a dose; and if this does not 220 ALLOPATHIC CURES stop it, saturate the pills in Laudanum, and repeat the dose. Another Is recommended to be made in the way of cold gru- el. Take common wheat flour, stir it well in water, nearly to thin paste thickness, and give a gill at a dose repeatedly; a few doses will stop it. Another. Take of rasped or grated White Oak Bark, one handful, boil it in one quart of water, let it settle and save to the sheep twice a day one-fourth part thereof. For Lambs. If young lambs take the scours, give one drachm of Magnesia in their mother's milk. To avoid Scours. Proper care may and will also be a preventive to this fatal disease; and a few causes may, in a great measure, be avoided. First—Too sudden change from dry to green food. Therefore, as has been already said, when the fodder- FOR DISEASED SHEEP. ' !Kl mg season is about to expire, the flock should not be allowed to live on grass altogether; but be permitted to eat but a little each day for a week or more, and kept in part on such other healthy food as they will eat, after which let them run with impunity. Second—Salting too early in the spring, while the gras is young and flashy. Third—When beginning to feed grain, giving it in too large quantities. It should be fed very moderate- ly at first, and the quantity gradually increased. Fourth—Feeding unripe hay, is also known to be an inducing cause of scours: some have learned it to be so by experience. Fifth—Exposure to sudden transitions of weather: shelters are, therefore, needed as a preventive. Sxith—Eating of irritating weeds: the flock can not, in this case, be too quickly removed to better pasture and salted. Diarrhea Can easily be arrested, by mixing a small quantity of pulverized Alum in wheat bran, or a decoction of Hemlock Bark, or dry pulverized Tansy, &c. Pulver- ized Colombo Root is also an excellent remedy, one spoonful at a dose. Hoove, Distention of Stomach, (Bloating.) An aperture is made with a sh arp instrument in the ALLOPATHIC CURES side, by some, to permit the gas to discharge itself; h^t this mode often fails, and Blaeklock and many others condemn it. The more proper harmless rem- edy is, a good Probang, (a flexible rod with a small ball of wood or ivory at the end,) which, being easily Voiced to the lower extremity of the gullet, removes ihc obstruction, and the gas or wind is readily voided. Diseases of the Brain, Spinal Marrow, and Kidneys, or Red Water, are generally called incurable by Allopathic Veterinari- ans ; but more readily find a cure in Homoeopathic preparations, such as sturdy dizziness, hydrocephe- lus, (water in the head,) trembling, or Icaping-ill, apoplexy, acute dropsy, red water, &c. Braxy and Stretches. In the former disease, the sheep is frequently seen to lie down and get up, loathing its food, and drink- ing often. The mouth is parched, the eyes are red, partly closed and watery, the head is down, the back drawn up, and belly swoln, with costiveness. Bleed- ing is necessary, after bathing the animal in a tub of warm water for half an hour, then, after depletion, administer two ounces of Glauber or Epsom Salts, dissolved in water, and give an injection of tobacco water. Keep the animal warm by throwing an old FOR DISEASED SHEEP. 228 woollen eloth around it, and give it laxative proven- der for a week or more. Stretches. This disease very commonly occurs in flocks which are kept exclusively on hay, or other dry food, and very often proves fatal, unless an early application of effectual medicine follows the attack. Symptoms.— The sheep will alternately lie down and rise up at brief intervals, frequently stretching, and refuses ev- t. v kind of food. The disease is unknown in Great Britain, where succulent provender is abundantly fed. Treatment.—Two table spoonsful of Castor Oil, or one ounce of Epsom Salts will be effectual. A small por- tion of Hog's Lard has also been used with success. A neighbor has administered a quid of tobacco, and nays he never lost a sheep by stretches after giving this nauseous portion. Prevention is always better thau to risk a cure; for this object, give your flock green food once a week or oftener, such as grain or grass pasture, apples, potatoes, or turnips; pine or hemlock boughs are also excellent. Scab or Itch Is an eruption of the skin, itchy, with oozing mat- ter forming a scab or crust on the skin, and is caused by animalculai insect Acarus. If found near shear- 224 ALLOPATHIC CURES ing time, shear the wool clean off, and wash all over with soap and water carefully, and the second day after that, with a wash of lime water and tobacco decoction of equal parts. The ordinary scab is much akin to mange and itch in other animals. Another for Scab. Take one pound of tallow in summer, or hog's lard in winter,^nd mix half a pound of Terebinthea to an- noint the sores with. Mr. Grovo, an experienced wool grower, says "Scab is very contagious; but when observed at an early period, it may be easily cured, or at least prevented from spreading. One of the best remedies is a strong decoction of tobacco, to be applied to the diseased parts, after scratching off the scabs with a comb or other instrument. The de- coction of tobacco mixed with lime water, and a little oil of vitriol, used when necessary, generally effects a radical cure. Another excellent remedy is, a decoction of Hellebore mixed with Vinegar, Sulphur and Spirits of Turpentine." Internally give Sulphur. Terebinthea, kc. Sore Mouth In sheep, generally commences on one side of th« mouth and spreads and swells the lips, to the thick- ness of a man's hand. Tteatment—Good tar is the FOR DISEASED SHEEP. 225 proper remedy: fill their mouths and saturate their lips thickly with tar, and in a few days they will heal and their mouths become clean. Hog's Lard afld Sulphur mixed will also effect a cure if applied. Erysipelas. The appearance of this disorder is, that of a red, thick, inflammatory skin, breaking out into a fine eruption, watery, with fever and heat. It generally ntt;.eks the best kept sheep, and is frequently caused by too rank keeping. The best treatment is a change of diet, with cooling purgative medicine administered freely." The following prescription has been used successfully: Epsom Salts six ounces, Nitre four oun- ces, boiling vatcr three pints; pour the hot water on the Sails, aud when blood warm add four oimces of Terebinthea; gi\e from three to four table spoonsful at a dose, on -e or twice per day, according as the disease is severe. .1 purifying Remedy May be given as a preventive and cure. Take for twelve sheep, three ounces of Sulphur, the same weight of pulverized Ellecampane, mix with six oun- ce-, of honey, and give unto the afflicted sheep in four days, each day a fourth part thereof. 226 ALLOPATHIC CURES Johnswort Scab or Itch. If the weed Johnswort is growing abundantly where sheep are pastured, it will cause an irritation of the Bkin, often over the whole body and legs of the sheep; but more generally is mostly confined to and near the mouth. If eaten in large quantities, it produces in- flammation in the stomach and bowels, and is frequently fatal. Anoint the irritated parts with Hog's Lard and Sulphur. If inflammation of the stomach, ad-> minister tar and hog's lard mixed, putting it in the mouth with a flattened stick. Remove the flock to pasture free from the weed, and salt freely in small portions. Maggots. Sheep in the spring are subject to the scours or diarrhoea, which causes an accumulation of filth about the tail, and attracts the maggot fly. Rams, by fight- ing, or the close contact of the wool with the horns, with the strong scent, will cause the fly to lodge her nits. If the maggots are at work about the tail or head, the sheep is very uneasy. Apply Terebinthea hogs lard and tar mixed, carefully. Great watch- fulness should be exercised over the rams in July, August, and September. FOR DISEASED SHEEP. 227 Sheep Louse, (llippobosca Ovius,) and the Tick. (Ascarus Redu- vius,) are easily destroyed by the application of to- bacco juice or decoction, to anoint with as has been frequently said. Pelt Rot. This is a disease of the skin, as the name implies. It causes a premature falling off of the fleece in the spring of the year. It is produced by exposure dur- ing the winter, and principally from a low condition of hard keeping. Prevention is again the safest cure. That is, good shelters and good keeping. Let the wool fluids be kept healthy, open, and abundant, and there will be no danger of any attack from this and many other diseases. An Excellent Wash, May easily be made of strong salt brine, in a half hogshead or tub, where the sheep may be taken to immediately after they are shorn, and while one per- son holds the sheep, standing and turning in the tub, let another, with a strong scrubbing brush, after pour- ing some brine on the back, rump, and shoulders, scrub the sheep well all over, until he raises a lather as with soap. Nothing more is necessary. The skin, 228 ALLOPATHIC CURES will be left bright, red, and clean. Every tick and sheep louse instantly disappears, and if the skin had any tendency to itch it is entirely cured; perspiration is promoted, and the growth of the wool improved. Whenever this simple and cheap plan is experienced to improve the health of the sheep and the quality of the wool, it ought never to be neglected by the shep- herd or sheep master, every season soon after shear- ing time, says Grazier. Dog Preventive. It U said by different wool growers, that to keep bells on sheep, one or two in each flock, will prevent the thievish propensities of dogs. The compiler knows, that for the last ten years he has had bells on his sheep, and no occurrence of sheep-tearing has happened to his flock, which have generally been exposed day and night, in summer time. * Red Water. It is said by one of the Prussian King's shepherd?. that Vitriolittd Cream Tartar, and Nitrum, one ounce of each, pulverized, mixed, and a drachm given for a dose, will soon cure them of that disease. Overheating Generally occurs in hot summer days, when the FOR DISEASED SHEEP. 229 sheep have no shade, or are overheated by hard driv- ing, or dog chasing, &c. The mouth is hot and dry, the veins in the eyes are swelled, and they have great thirst. This is the time they ought to have green juicy grass. Then let them water in troughs or tubs, where about four ounces of Nitrum is dissolved tor fifty sheep; and if they are so severely affected, that they cannot follow the flock, give three times a day one drachm of Nitrum in water, with succulent green food and wet bran. Inflammation of the Brain. Bleed on the head, and give daily three times, one drachm of Nitrum dissolved in water, each time; cloths wetted with cold water, laid and tied on the head, continually wetting with cold water until re- '.eved. HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT o» DISEASES IN SHEEP. With respect to the treatment of diseases in sheep, it has often been remarked, that it is probably of all domestic animals, the least sensible of high dynami- xations. It is also important not to forget, that in summer especially, sheep are, much less than other animals, under the eyes of the proprietor; and it of- ten happens, that he is not apprised of the disease, until it is too late to relieve it. But we hope for bet- ter attention in future. Anorexia^ Diminution of appetite, when the digestive organs have lost their energy; then a few doses of Arseni- *wt» are sufficient to remove it;promptly. It is often OF DISEASES IN SHEEP. 28! attributable to overloading the stomach with aliment; in this case Antimon. Crudum is the chief remedy, next Pulsatilla and Nux Vom.; the latter more espe- cially when there is constipation at the same time. Disease of the Blood, Sang de Rate, In general destroys the sheep with such rapidity, that but few symptoms announce it before death; for in a very few minutes the animal is sometimes arrest- ed, on a sudden commences trembling, and falls down lifeless; when at other times it can be observed a few hours, or a day, by the following symptoms: the eheep becomes weak and sad, it tarries behind the flock, holds the head down, lies on the ground, and is unable to rise again. If it remains standing up, it trembles all over, and if raised from lying down, it seems to be paralyzed in the hind quarters, walka Blowly a few steps in a staggering manner, but soon stops and falls on its side. The eyes are full of water, afterwards of viscui mucus, a yellowish mucus is al- so discharged from the nose. If the mouth and nose are closed, it passes bloody urine, or even pure blood. The breathing is difficult, and sometimes tubercles are observed here and there through the wool. The spots, more especially on the chest and belly, then rapidly increase in extent; from being red, as at first, they become bluish, then black, which indicates gangrene, and in the course of from six to twelve hours death 232 HOMfEOPATHIC TREATMENT takes place. In certain cases erysipelatous inflam- mation supervenes, first on one thigh, then ensues the paralytic state of the animal, announcing the s_v mptoms of the disease. The remedy for curing and preventing these affections is, Arsenicum, of which, according to the severity of the disease at its onset, one dose is given every ten, fifteen, or twenty min- utes, this being continued until evident improvement is effected; then a few doses of Anthracinum are to be given at more distant intervals. Arsenicum and Anthracinum are also certain preventives, when the disease prevails in the neighborhood, or part of your flock; one dose of this is to be taken alternately two or three times a week.—Kleeman directs, that from ten to twelve drops of one of theso be poured into a pail of water, that a half, or one bushel of oats be steeped in the liquid from six to twelve hours, aiad this grain then distributed, which will suffice to give one dose to six hundred sheep. Angelica will cure and pre- vent. Cachexia, (Aquosa.) This disease, which at first is not readily recogniz- ed, aud which proceeds slowly from its commence- ment, is denoted chiefly by the following symptoms : the animal, whilst preserving a healthy appearance, gradually loses its sprightliness, it becomes slow in its movements, indolent and sad, carries the head and OF DISEASES IN SHEEP. 283 ears hanging down ; tarrying behind the flock, it of- ten lies down, evinces very little resistance when caught, and displays but littlo appetite, though its flesh rath.;r seems to increase at first than to dimin- ish. The eyes gradually become dull and turbid, the conjunctiva is pale, aB also the muzzle, gums, and skin. The wool loses its elasticity, ami may easily be pulled off; from the eyes and nose mucus is fre- quently (iischarged, and from tho mouth a foul saliva, which also forms a coating on the tongue, with flac- cid aud pale appearance, breathing more severe, wastes away, abdomen swells* m-uv especially the right side, less appetite with great thirst. At length diarrhoea and putrid fever supervene, the breath fetid and from debility unable to arise. After death, on post mortem examination, the cellular tissue is found to be anasar-ous, the blood very watery, and often effusions of s< rum in the thoracic and abdominal cavi- ties. The lungs and other viscera are pale, the liver greatly enlarged with earthy and leaden color, sur- face covered with tubercles, and vesicles full of water. The gall-bladder disturbed and gorged with pile.— The reservoir, the liver, and biliary duets'are dilated, containing a number of flukes (Fasciola hepatica.)— The means which have been found most effectual for this disease are, Graphites and Lycopodium. Ilelle- borus niger is suitable, when there is Hydrothorax indicated by difficulty of breathing. Mercurius tolu- bilis, China, Nux Vom. and Sulphur, when the excre- 234 HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT ments are whitish, and there are signs of Jaundice and Dropsy, which are not uncommon in this disease. Epilepsia, Is characterized as vertigo, by the staggering walk of the animal, which falls to the ground, and suffers from convulsions, exhibiting spasmodic movements, kicks, rolls its eyes, grinds the teeth, foams from the mouth, &c. Sometimes dung and urine are involun- tarily discharged. If these spasms often return to make the disease dangerous, then give Aconitum, which should be followed in two hours with Stram- monium, and in twelve hours Belladonna; when there is much kicking Hyosciamus has been employed suc- cessfully. Benefit has also been derived from Couu- lus and Calcarea Carbonica. Camphora will prevent quiok spasms. Verminous Colic, Which sets in with similar symptoms, yields to China. Inflammatory Fever, Usually appears only during the hot days of sum- mer in sheep, which are well fed and plethoric, whicU are overdriven, and walk too far hastily in order to OF DISEASES IN SHEEP. 23T» ir*Bch their pasture, or continue all day to the expos- ure of a hot sun without good water to quench their thirst. It manifests itself chiefly by the following symptoms: the animal ceases to eat, it feels great thirst, has its eyes very red, and remains behind tho flook,^ which it can follow but slowly. The pulse v» ranch accelerated, beating from 90 to 100 per minute, the nose, mouth, and breath are very hot; the suffer- ing animal has little or no discharge from the bowels nr bladder. If the disease continues to progress, the hody is seized with trembling, the walk staggering, the breathing more and more difficult, the mucus membrane of the mouth bluish and cold, and the an- imal dies in convulsions if not relieved. The specific for this disease is Aconitum, in frequent doses, at short intervals. Further consult the articles En- tephalitis, Enteritis, Pneumonia. Keep the sheep at rest in a shaded cool place, and allow no other food than green fodder. Avoid inflammatory fever by not folding too close together. Keep them in shady pas- ture, or go to shade, through the middle of the hot day, not to lead them far, or make them walk quickly. Foundering. When a sheep is affected with foundering, it walks slowly with the head depressed, it has no sprightli-. ness, its appetite is impaired, but is more disposed to drink, and when itx:oines to pasture it Ues down. Its 236 HOMfEOPATHIC TREATMENT demeanor, when in'the fold, is precisely the same; it becomes stiffened, with less appetite and more drink, feet and legs very hot and sore, and at last only walks to drink, or rather drags itself to quench it* thirst. It groans and moans with severe fever and short breath, with violent beating of the flanks. - If the disease is discovered in time, it may readily be cured by Aconitum in frequent doses, followed by Bryonia, a few doses, when it is more advanced.— These two substances are to be employed at first: but we may also have recourse to Arsenicum, aud Rhus Tox. when the feet are very painful; to Vera- trum Album, when the disease arises from cold after fatigue; to Staphysagria if tho body tremble, &c. Fractures Of the bones of the legs. After having reduced and adjusted the fracture, a strip of linen cloth is to he bound around the limb, over which two splints of wood or thick pasteboard are to be placed, which are to extend from four to six inches beyond the fracture, and be tied on snugly with a bandage; the bandage to be frequently moistened with ARNICA water, and Symphytum is to be given internally. In ten or twelve days the fracture is consolidated, if strictly attended to. OF DISEASES IN SHEEP. 237 Gad Fly. The symptoms occasioned by the larvae of gad flics resemble much those which attend dizziness. In the months of August and September, the insect known by ttunamc of (Estrus Ovinus deposites its eggs. r.ften in great numbers, in the nostrils of the heal- thiest and best fed sheep in the flock, whilst they are sleeping -or pasturing in the meadow. The larvae arising from thence, ascend into the frontal sinuses, and until their metamorphosis, they live on the mucus secreted in thc.-e cavities. The irritation occasioned by them gives rise to an intense inflammation of the mucu.s membrane, which produces pains similar to those of 1.1 ii;^« The animal frequently raises its head and sneezes, which causes some of the larv* and mucus to depart; even one hundred or more have been found in one cranium. The inflammation may go ou to gangrene and so occasion death. The means hitherto employed'in the case of this disease, consist- ed in blowing Snuff, or Fluor of Sulphur into the nos- trils. Tobacco smoke or vapor is highly recommended. Mr. Fisher, in his excellent work on the (Estrus of sheep, recommends Vapor of Sulphur, by combustion into the nostrils of the sheep. The compiler would say, let this Sulphur vapor be ejected by means of u common pipe or hand bellows, (the same as tobacco amoke,) or to inject into the nostrils, Brandy or Oil. The larva> are killed, and their dead bodies eliminated by sneezing. 2S8 HOMfEOPATHIC TREATMENT Insects, Bites of. The insects wliich torment sheep most, are the ticks, which sink their heads deep into the skin of the sheep, and suck with such greediness, that though invisible, they attain the size of a kidney bean. When an attempt is made to tear them away the head gene- rally remains, and occasions inflammation and sup- puration. The most simple means are, to remove or separate the wool and put tobacco water on the insect. It may also be killed with certainty by letting a drop of oil fall on it. Luxation, As in other animals, requires that, after reduction has been accomplished, the part affected should be moistened very frequently with ARNICA, and that this should be continued, as well as in all other con- tusions or bruises, until the tumefaction has com- pletely,disappeared. Hydrophobia or Madness, In sheep is geherally the consequence of the bite of a rabid dog. In general it does not break out till from three to six weeks after the accident. The ani- mal ceases to drink and to eat, it becomes restless, and evinces an excessive desire for copulation, without OF DISEASES IN SHEEP. 230 distinction to sex or age. The second day after the appearance of these symptoms, the eyes are turbid and inflamed, their walk is tottering and unsteady, taking great leaps. This stage of the disease lasts for some days; after which the animal becomes weak- er, and at length it cannot rise, but dies. The treat- ment consists, of the wool being closely shorn around the bite, which must be carefully washed, and cover- ed with linen cloths steeped in water, to which some drops of Belladonna extract had been added. Bella- donna must also be administered internally, at first every day, then every two or three days, then every eight days ; and this is to be continued for the space of four or five weeks. The external treatment must be continued, until no longer any trace of the wound re- mains, which occurs in general after a fews days. After the use of Belladonna, benefit has been derived from a few doses of Strammonium, under the title of con- secutive treatment. When a mad dog has made his appearance among a flock, prudence will lead us to give the whole flock some preventive, which may be Belladonna. Hydrophobium has also been so often tried with success, that one might be led to consider it a real specific for madness. Ono dose of it or either, given every two days for fifteen days. Scab and Itch, Are somewhat similar in their effects, yet they ares net the ssme dieeaee. In the mild form of scab, the 240 HOMOEOPATHIC TREATMENT affected animal is observed, for two or three days, to be sorrowful and dejected, after which there appears on different parts of the body, more particularly on the inner part of the fore legs, and around the mouth, small red spots, whose centre is occupied by a pimplo with a white point. This stage of eruption commenc- es with febrile shivering and trembling, heat, redness of eyes and mouth, the a/iimal appears melancholy, holds the head down and feet close together, a mucus if clear water flows from the nose, and the part where the pimples form, begin to swell, more particu- larly on the head, so that the animal sometimes can uot open either its eyes or its mouth. The fever still continuing, the pimples rise gradually, and seem full of fluid, which at first is clear and transparent; but soon becomes yellow, thick, and purulent, (imitat- ing small pox.) On the twelfth or thirteenth day th« stage of drying commences, and the fever diminish- i s. In the stage of drying, the appetite gradually teturns, in six or seven days. In the mild form of the scab, no other precaution is required, than ta separate the afflicted from the healthy. The diseas- ed sheep may be led or drove to pasture in good wea- ther—in the contrary weather, they must be kept in a warm dry stable, and good food given them. When the form of the disease is malignant, Rhus Tox. and Arsenicum alternately, are the remedies which have succeeded best. They render the disease much mild- tr; and prove a preventive of the malignant state, if OF DISEASES IN SHEEP. 241 administered to the unaffected. Of all preservatives which have been proposed, inoculation is thought to be the best. It has two advantages: first, the dis- ease is much mitigated, and very rarely fatal; in the next place an entire flock may be brought through in fifteen days, whilst the natural form of the disorder requires care and attention, in a middling large flock, for at least six months. It lias been ascertained, that the hitter natural form, kills more than one-half of those attacked; and of those inoculated, perhaps on- ly one per cent, die, (one in one hundred.) Inocula- tion is easy, and may be performed in the following manner: the sheep to be operated upon, is laid on a table or bench, and held by another person, whilst the operator takes, with one hand, the lower laying fore leg, and with a sharp instrument opens and pene- trates it with the pock matter, which is taken from a watery pustule, on an otherwise healthy infected sheep, (the more ripe matter will not take so easy, and has bad effects-) Open the skin on the inner side of the fore arm in two or three places, so that the in- fectious matter will peform ita office in one or tho other of the punctures. Itch. This name is given to an eruptive extremely conta- gious disease, which in geaeral is only observed from the end of autumn to spring, and presents itself un- ler two different forms : 242 HOMfEOPATHie TREATMENT ll Dry Itch.—Shis consists of small red spots on the skin, from which, small vesicles arise with acrid fluid, which are followed by small ulcers with scabs, that soon fall off. The animal scratches itself with foot and mouth and rubs itself against hard bodies; in the places where the animal scratches it- self the skin is bald, discolored, aud covered with whitish scales, hard and granular elevations. When left to itself, this itch will in time cover the chief part of the body, and the wool is gradually.detatched from the regions attacked by it. 2. Must Itch.—This appears to be the same dis- ease, carried to a higher degree and torments the isheep much more, the affected animal almost contin- ually rubbing, scratching or biting itself on the sur- face. Bald spots with but a scanty portion of .wool, which are the seat of soft circumscribed tumors with dry scab. The scabs are frequently the breadth of a hand and of considerable thickness, formed of oozing matter. In most cases it appears contagious, but more particularly with those, that are impure with psoratic or scroftUus blood, which is generally caus- ed by unhealthy folds, food and pasture,. with rainy and damp seasons. The cure is very simple, and effected in six or eight days, by means of a preparation known by the name of Bahamas Terebinthince Sulphuratus. Three doses consisting of two drops of the strong tincture, are generally sufficient to remove the disease, one dose a OF DISEASES IN SHEEP. 24S day; but in extra hard cases continue longer. This tincture is made; by taking one part sulphur, which is to be boiled in four parts of Linseed oil, to perfect a solution, which yields an elastic mass of a brownish black color, exhaling a disagreeable sulphurous odor, thus the medicine is obtained. The Terebinthinate Balsam of Sulphur, serves not only to cure the itcfi or this kind of scab, but also prevents it; for this^ purpose each individual of the flock receives, at the commencement of autumn, a few doses ff it wliich otight to be repeated in a month or six weeks. I should .mention, that Scabiosceum, Ovium, Mezerceum and Sulphur have been recommended by others, for curing the itch. Swelling of Teats. The sheep which suckle may be seized with inflam- matory swelling of the teats, from different causes. Bryonia, Belladonna and Chamomilla, are useful for this affection. If the inflammation pass into gan- grene, Arsenicum. If the skin begins to turn purple Secale Cornutum. Hepar Sulphurus causes the tu- mor to form an abscess, in suppuration give Pulsa- tilla. Ulcerated Mouth, (Stamacace.) In thiB disease the inside of the mouth is hot, ful' of mucus and saliva, with swelling at the gums and 244 HOMOEOPATHIC TREATMENT tongue. By degrees there appear in the cavity of the mouth, on palate and gums, small white vesicles which burst and leave behind them ulcerations. A viscid .-r.iliva flows incessantly from the mouth. The pain prevents the animal from eating,, but it drinks much and greedily ; commonly the disease attacks the entire flock, aid is often accompanied with mild foot rot. In many cases .it disappears of itself. The chief means to be employed for it are, Mercurius Solubilis ac[d Sulphvricum, and Ilelhborus Niger, the latter "more especially when the gums are soft, and the animal appears sad. Wouads of the Cleft of the foot. , ShouM a nail, a fragment of glass, a thorn or any other sharp body enter the foot of a sheep, the result always is ini animation, suppuration and lameness.— First extract the foreign body, after which wash with ARNICA, and give of the same internally also. If the lesion is extensive, the foot should be encompass- ed with linen cloth to keep the wound clean, and the ablutions with ARNICA water are to be repeated several times a d>y. If the inflammation is great, give also Aconitum or wash with Calendula, if intense pain give Squills. When sheep are drove on hard roads, particularly in dry weather, the feet arc often inflame I and causes them to lame. ARNICA inter- nally and externally, generally removes the symp- OF DISEASES IN SHEEP. 24,". toms. In some severe cases a dose of Conium after ARNICA produces a very good effect; if the sole i* very painful Arsenicum, possesses useful properties: if by ne^lei.-t it passes into supimratijii Squilla, Conium and Pulsatilla have very good eL'ects. Colic of Conciliation and Cold. This disease may Iil; owing to different cruses, to cold, to coustipation, to an excess of food and to worms also. Tim animal so affected suddenly <-, incs great re.sti'tsuc.is, with severe pains in the belly, frei|iieut!\ viewing its i! inks, keeping itself doubled or drawn together, ihrow.s itself on the ground, arise* suddenly, utters groans und painful blcutings, its ears muzzle, and legs are cold. When relief is not ,soon brought, the disease prove fatal: L Tin. windy Coi.rr—Is common in wool bearing animals, which often eat greedily of relishing herbs especially wl.eu wet with dew or rain. It is also ob- served in those, which drank much after eating grass. In this ense the belly swells suddenly, the animal evinces much restlessness and distress, it stops, col- lee's its feet under its body, its Lead down, and can- not disc li,up c from its bowels, and notwithstanding the constant borborygmus is heard in its bowels.— f 'olehicum Autumnal e, two- or three doses suffice. I.ime water has alsp been employed successfully. in some countries the people or shepherds have, re- 246 HOMOEOPATHIC TREATMENT eourse to a process, which is wondrous in its celerity, and that is in covering for a minute or two, tho mouth and nose of the animal, with a cap or hand- kerchief, &c, then the animal is set at liberty, it •hakes the head violently, has rising of the stomach, and finds itself cured; the bloating diminishes per- ceptibly. If necessary, the process may be repeated n second time. 2. The Colic or Constipation—comes on after irregularities in diet, whilst heated, exposed to cold air, with the general symptoms of colic ; it also makes efforts to free the bowels. Some doses of Aconitum, followed by Arsenicum, generally remove the worst symptoms, after which we succeed in freeing the bowels promptly and easily by meaus of Xux Vomica, Opium, and Plumbum. 3. The Colic of Cold, or spasmodic Colic— differs from colic chiefly in this, that it is not like tho latter, accompanied with tympanitis, and that it is not continuous; but returns by spasms. Repeated doses of Aconitum are in general sufficient, unless Ar- senicum might be required. (For inflammatory Colic gee Enteritis.) Constipation Is sometimes accessary to some other disease, and may or may not be accompanied with colic. That arising neither from spasm nor inflammation, niaui- OF DISEASES IN SHEEP. 247 feats itself consequently without colic, and frequently depends on fodder that is too dry, especially when, at the same time, the animal has not sufficient water to quench its thirst. Nux Vomica is the remedy to be employed in such a case. When diarrhoea alternates with constipation, Pulsatilla should be given; if re- pugnance to food is manifested, recourse should bo had to Antimon. Crud. Coryza. The mild coryza of lanigerous animals is a disease of little importance; but when the disease is prolonged, it assumes a malignant form, and degenerates into a contagious affection, accompanied with purulent dis- charge from the nose, which causes the animals to waste very much, and frequently proves fatal to them. Aconitum and Chamomilla are, in such cases the most reliable means, after which a dose of Belladonna often proves serviceable. Spongia Marina and Belladonna might be employed with advantage. The invalids ought to be separated from the healthy ones. Arsenicum and Dulcamara are frequently of great benefit. Diarrhoea, Which may be recognized by the liquid dejections frequently voided by the animal, is particularly dan- 2481 HOMOEOPATHIC TREATMENT gerous to lambs, in which it often assumes the char- acter of a destructive epidemic. In sheep it is rather common in spring, when the animals are not accus- tomed to grass; but it is much more destructive if brought on by damaged hay or food, in whatever sea- son of the year it may be. The chief remedies to be employed for its removal are, Ipecacuanha, Ar- senicum, am! Rheum, or Antimon i um Cru- dum ; when there exists at the same time a dislike to food, than the latter. In the young lambs, it al- most always depends on the bad quality of the moth- er's milk. Pulsatilla never fails to cure it. Sul- phur should be given to the mother, as well as bet- ter fodder. The stable should be wlrm, dry, and well strewed with straw. Diarrhoea is frequently a symp- tom of a general morbid state; for example, of worms, rot, &c, under these circumstances, the treatment ehould be directed against the principal disease. Dizziness Is a very dangerous disease, almost exclusively con- fined to wool bearing animals. It is seldom observed in two year old sheep, aud still more unfrequently in adults. Its development always takes place very slowly. It is recognized chiefly by the whirling round and stumbling of the animal, which, whilst walking, ceems a prey to vertigo. It is first announced by an unsteady uncertain gait; the animal remains behind OF DISEASES IN SHEEI\ 249 the flock, loses its sprightliness, carries the head down, and has a wild look. The eye is generally pale and bluish; it hangs the head without masticating. By degrees the debility increases, with the head down looking to the affected side, or else falls to the ground. All these symptoms increase in time. Sometimes it walks or runs an eccentric circle for whole hours.— On opening the body, a worm or hydatids, varying in number and size, sometimes a single one, often from three to six, the size of wliich varies. According as they occupy the right or left side, the sheep turns to the right or left; and sometimes does not turn, when the worm is placed on the meridian line, then it car- ries the head down; when the hydatid is situated on the posterior part of the brain, then the animal carries the head high, runs straight forward, aud throws itself against objects. Homoeopathy possesses a remedy, which is Belladonna. One dose at first every day, then every two days in a few repetitions, is sometimes sufficient to effect a cure. Dysentery, Which is frequently confounded with diarrhoea, consists in an inflammation of the abdominal organs. It frequently breaks out when a very warm summer is followed by a damp and cold autumn, or when the fodder is spoiled by too much moisture ; it may then become a destructive epidemic. It is recognized 250 HOMfEOPATHIC TREATMENT chiefly by constant and painful urgings to evacuate the bowels, with tenesmus; which efforts are attend- ed with no other result, than the escape of a bloody mucus. Some doses of Aconitum and Arseni- cum remove the intestinal inflammation, after which, if there still remain diarrhoea, we must employ the means directed under that article. Chamomilla and Rheum especially have proved very effectual. Encephalitis. This disease is sometimes caused by internal caus- es, and sometimes by external, such as sun rays, blows on the head, too plentiful food, &c. The ani- mal ceases to eat, hangs its ears and head, which are hot to the touch, walks along staggering, and uncon- , scious whither it goes ; its eyes bright red, projecting from the head, and violent beating of the flanks. It remains lying down very much, with the head stretch- ed on the ground, and at last dies in convulsions, and symptoms of apoplexy. One dose of Aconitum from every five to ten minutes, three or four times, then Belladonna, which must also be repeated several times, at the end of two or three hours, are the curative means. Hyoscyamus also proves useful; but Veratrum is still better, when the animal rises abruptly from time to time, and strayt about in every direction, as if blind. OF DISEASES IN SHEEP. 25-1 Enteritis And gastritis,, (also styled inflammatory colie,) of- ten follow the eating of poisonous plants, damaged fodder, intense cold, as resulting from cold water, when the animal is very much heated, and all cause* that are capable of producing colic. The symp- toms are those which never fail to make their appear- ance during fits of colic, violent and continual pain in the belly, intense heat of the whole body, inextin- guishable thirst, constant pulsation of the flanks, and constipation. The animal frequently attempts to lie down; but rises up immediately with groaning and gives itself to violent and irregular movements, with trembling and violent pulsation, and constant moving of the tail. Aconitum is the principal remedy, aud often it suffices by itself, when eaused by cold; however, it must be given in repeated doses, at inter- vals continuing shorter. When six or eight doses do not effect a cure, Arsenicum becomes indipensa- ble in two or three repeated doses. Pulsatilla is also good, Hematuria, iRcd Water.) • A discharge of blood from the bladder, often oe- turs after the sheep has eaten certain acrid ana? irrituting substances, for instance; too much of thet Bhoots of fir tree, of the oak, or alder tree, of the* 252 nOMfEOPATHIC TREATMENT ranunculi, &c. It manifests itself by the discharge of red urine, and sometimes nearly pure blood, there is heat and intense thirst, frequent desire to pass urine. The principal remedy, at the onset of the disease, is Ipacacuanha, a few doses in quick suc- cession. If there exists symptoms of Nephritis, which frequently causes death, we must instantly have recourse to a few doses of Aconitum, after which Cantharides must be taken. Hepatitis. In inflammation of the liver, which some persons consider as identical with watery cachexy, generally presents itself under the form of a slow fever; the sheep wastes away, amid the symptoms of a general morbid state; the eyes, tongue and skin, assume a yellowish tint, the wool is of a dirty appearance.— After some time all the symptoms of cachexy break forth. The chief remedies are Aconitum, at the commencement, and Digitalis; as soon as the inflam- matory symptoms declare themselves. If Jaundice appears, Chamomilla, Mercurius Vivus, and Nux Vomica are useful. Nephritis. Inflammation of the kidneys may be the result of external violence, or it may depend on the animal hav- OF DISEASES IN SHEEP. 253 mg eaten stimulating plants, such as ranunculi buds of fir tree, oak, or elder, &c. It manifests itself by the ordinary symptoms of fever, heat of the mouth, dryness and redness of the eyes, &c. Its character- istic signs are, pains, and extreme sensibility in the region of the kidneys. The back is arched, the walk stiff and painful, with the legs widely separated, a small quantity of deep colored or bloody urine pass- es, the appetite is gone, and the thirst rather severe. We commence with two or three, doses of Aconi- tum, followed by Cantharides, and after the lapse of two or three hours, perhaps Nitrum and Canabis, either alone or alternate with Nux Vo- mica. Pneumonia Is attributable to the same causes as angina. It is observed chiefly after shearing, when the sheep are r xposed to cold, without sufficient precaution. The animal is then seized with shivering, it trembles* its breathing is hurried and short, accompanied by vio- lent beating of the flanks, and dilation of the nostrils; and the pulse, instead of being 70, amounting to even 80 and 90. The alvine dejections are very dry, or there is constipatieu. The ears, muzzle, and legs are sometimes cold, and at other times hot, the ac- companying cough is very painful and short, there is great thirst, and yet the sheep cannot drink freely, in 254 HOMCEOPATHIC TREATMENT consequence of the increase of pain produced by drinking. When the disease progresses the animal no longer lies down, and its walk is staggering. The cure presents not much difliculty under the H o m ce- o p a t h i c treatment. The first and most important remedy is Aconitum one dose from every ten to twenty minutes, until the fever diminishes percepti- bly, and the animal appears more tranquil. If A c o- uitum will not conquer the disease, Bryonia, Sulphur, Phosphorus, Tartar Emetic, Digitalis, &c, should be used under their several indications. Lympanitis, (Founder from excess of grain.) This dan- ;jmuis disease, which calls for the most prompt aid, generally owes its origin to the greediness with which beasts devour certain kinds of food, in excessive quantities, tcovercharge the 6tomach. It consists in a developement of gases, which distend the stomach t '■> an enormous degree. The animal suddenly ceases to eat, it becomes sad and still, does not ruminate, ;iud carries the head down. The abdomen is bloated and sounds like a drum when struck on the upper part, it keeps its hea 1 and neck arched, the legs close together, the tail a little elevated, the eyes staring, the breathing short and impeded, the nostrils dilated, the mouth filled with frothy saliva, the bladder and OF DISEASES IN SHEEP. 255 intestines do not empty themselves. There is no dis- ease in domestic animals, in which Homoeopathy af- fords such prompt relief as in this. In general a single dose of Colchicum is sufiicint to remove all the symptoms, in a quarter of an hour: if gases still continue to form, a repetition may bo had every fif- teen or twenty minutes. After the lymphatic state has ceased, a dose of A r s e n i c u m is to be admin- istered to prevent a return of the disease. (Consult the article colic.) Worms. The intestinal worms, met in almost all chronic dis- eases, chiefly in young animals, give rise to a number of morbid phenomena, such as disturbance of diges- tion, tympanitic symptoms, wasting away, with pu- rulent mucus of greater or less thuUness. Worms are found in the liver and biliary canals, in the intes- tines and bronchia. The intestines of sucking lambs sometimes contain the tape worm, which gives rise to frequent colics. Felixmas is the principal remedy in the latter case. (Further consult the articles C a- chexy, Rot, and Dizziness.) Rot. The rot in sheep, is a disease analogous to Ca- chexy, which generally appears in autumn after wet 258 HOMOEOPATHIC TREATMENT summers, and then continues to prevail almost uni - 1'ormly during winter and spring. The progress of the disease is very slow, and there is some difliculty in recognizing it at first. However, with practice, we may distinguish, even at a distance, a sheep which is affected with it, by its • slow walk, shaking head, and depressed ears. The animal often remains be- hind the flock, and allows itself to be seized without much resistance; its'loins yield to pressure, the eye is dull and watery, with the lids swollen, the lips, gums, and palate have a pale tint, the skin, of a yellowish white, appears puffed, and retains the impression of the finger, the wool loses its brightness and is easily torn off, and frequently flakes of skin come off with it, the alvine ejections are soft, the urine scanty and of a deep brown color. There gradually forms on the upper region of the neck, and on the lower jaw, a a soft indolent tumor, which generally is larger on return from grazing, and frequently disappears dur- ing the night; but returns in day time, and gradually increases in size. The nose becomes full of mucus, the* abdomen swells by the constant progress of asci- tes ; the animal becomes extremely weak and wastes away, remains laying down, pulse quick and soft, and death takes place, without convulsions, in the midst of diarrhoea, and cold extremities. With respect to the curative means, Arsenicum alternately with China, then Bryonia, Veratrum, and Aco- nitum are found most efficient. Acidum Muri- OF DISEASES IN SHEEP. 257 aticum, Carbo Vegetablis, Oleum Tere- binthea, the latter repeatedly, is very effectual. Fine Tar or Ship Pitch may be taken as a eubstitute for the latter. The most ordinary causes of this fatal disease are, exposure to a continuation if damp cold, the influence of a marsh effluvia, food fa bad quality, and'pneumonia, when neglected or uadly treated. . Angina. This inflammation of the pharynx is often caused by cold, when the sheep, after being heated, breathe cold air, or on leaving warm folds, pass into cold ai.-, or when they lie on cold, or damp soil. The animals affected with this disease are very hot, their eyes red, with intense thirst; they lose their appetite, arc mel- ancholy, and hold the head down and forward, as if wanting breath, the neck being swollen and very sen- itive to the touch. At length the animal can no lon- ger swallow, makes great efforts to breathe, and suf- focates. As soon as the first symptoms of this disease are observed, from six to eight doses of Aconitum are to be given without delay, at very short intervals ; if after three or four hours, the disease is diminished, but the respiration is still embarrassed, loud, and whistling, S p o n g i a soon affords relief, and in gen- eral perfects a complete cure. Hepar Sul. and Bryonia are also indicated. If deglutition is the primary symptom, Aconitum and Belladonna 258 HOMOEOPATHIC TREATMENT Wounds. Simple superficial wounds are quickly and easily rured, by the external use of ARNICA. By the help of this treatment, twenty-four hours are sufficient to effect a cicatrization of those wounds which are caus- ed during the process of shearing, in healthy sheep; but in old, deep seated wounds, suppuration takes place, and if the pus is ichorous aud fetid, Mercu- rius and A s s a f ce t i d a should be given internal- ly ; when the pus is thick and of a bad color, Sili- cia; when the edges cf the wound are hard and everted, Arsenicum is most useful. If there is a fracture of the bone or periosteum, Symphitum must be employed internally and externally. Aphthae Appears in lambs, either in consequence of a change in the mother's milk, or from some internal disease. The disease is discovered from the lamb's no longer sucking, and its wasting away; on examining the interior of the mouth, vesicles in great numbers are observed, and the mouth is full of saliva of bad odor. The means which succeed best are, Acidum Mu- riaticum, Acidum Sulphuricum, and Bo- rax. Two or three doses of Sulphur to the mother. OP DISEASES IN SHEEP. 259 Black Mftuta Is more especially found in lambs, rarely inlanige- rous beasts of a certain ago, and is a soabby eruption, which chiefly attacks the parts around the mouth, the eyes, and car.-, and occasionally extends over the en- tire face. S.nne doses of Sulphur, or Tincture of Sulphur arc sufficient for a cure. Cough. Moist weather and sudden changes of temperature, passing from warm stables to cool air, or drinking of eohl icy water, frequently occasions fits of coughing. Dulcamarra or R o s i n are beneficial, and T e r- b i u t h e a and Salt are good. Erysipelas. This disease, which sometimes affoots the sheep of a good breed, and consists of a swelling of the head, which contains much watery serum. It is accompa- nied by fever, with heat, great thirst, and dejection of appetite. Aconitum and Belladonna are Hpecifios for it Foot Rot. There are two forms of this disease, wliich mu*t be carefully distinguished from each other — 260 HOMOEOPATHIC TREATMENT 1. The mild Foot Rot is most usually associated with ulceration of the mouth, (Stomacace,) and ex- tends generally to entire flocks. The symptoms prin- cipally are, the animal attacked, suddenly becomes sad and limps on one or more feet; there are heat, redness, and swelling of the feet, chiefly at the inter- digital space, and on the coronet. At a later period the inflamed parts are ulcerated, with vesicles which at first. secrete a fluid clear as water, and pus at a subsequent time, progressing with great rapidity, and often disappearing of its own accord. 2. Malignant Foot Rot.—The animal begins to limp, at first on one of its fore or hind legs, some times in two fore legs and two hind legs, until the whole four are affected. The skin of the intcrdigital space is red, exuding a fluid of a bad odor and ichor, and extends behind the horny wall, sometimes the integuments and tendons of the very bones are involv- ed. That animal then becomes incapable of walking, moves along on its knees, or remains laying down, wasting away. Many remedies are prescribed: first the foot or feet must be well scraped and pared wheresoever they are affected, and well washed with salt water; then the wound touched with a feather or swab, steeped in diluted Nitric Acid, the same also given internally diluted with water, a few drops given or mixed in their food, followed by Thuja and Sulphur. After the Nitric Acid is appli- ed, a few drops of Ammonia should be rubbed on, OF DISEASES IN SHEEP. 261 after which the foot should be bandaged up and the animal separated from the rest. In general it is about eight days before the animal can walk, in severe cas- <••*. When all the affected parts have not been well cleansed", the sheep again begins to limp; in which ease the same manner of treatment must be adopted, and the sound always separated from the others. The first form may be cured more speedily and cer- tainly, by washing the affected parts with warm Salt water; AUXICAis then to be employed internally and externally. (Omit not the internal medicine in either ca^e.) In conclusion—of all remedies for diseases in sheep :.*, tremulous moving and motion in tho nerves aud flesh, morbid excitation of the organs of sense and of the nervous system, great nervousness with lachrymation and weariness during and after a walk in the open air, &c. Cornus Circinatta, or Cornus Sericia. [Osier, green and white. German—Kinakina, Nord- Amorikanischer Chinabaum.] Antidotes, the same as China, It is also reasonable to suppose, that every climate of the globe affords its own medical plants, shrubs, barks, flowers, berries, mincralogical substances and waters, to heal and cure all curable prevalent diseases of its olimatical nature, if known to the members of the physiological faculty. The remedial virtues of thia 284 FAMILY MEDICINES. shrub are but recently taken into the experimental symptoms of the Homoeopathic philosophy of medical effects; but already it is ascertained, that its medical virtues are anti-scorbutic, to heal Tinea Capitis, (scald head,) dry and moist tinea capitis, Tussis, (cough,) dry spasmodic cough, phthisical cough in scrofulous persons, chronic cough with hoargetess, tedious cough with free expectoration of mucus, ca- tarrhal affections and medical cachexia, dyspepsia, Intermittent and gastric fevers with nauseousness and debility, Crocus Sativus. [Saffron. German—Safron.] Antidotes, Aeon, Bell, Opi. Saffron has wonderful effects on the mind and sen- sorium; by excessive use it produces uncommon mirth md cheerfulness witk an inclination to sing, almost constant improper laughter, spasms of uneasy sad mood and religious melancholy, staggering giddiness, vertigo and dulness of the head, sticking headache with dry coryza, fleeting broad push deep into the brain, drawing pressure, acute tearing in the head, dilation of the pupils with tears in the eyes which are dim, twitching in the eyelids especially the upper, glow in the face, scraping in the throat, sudden draw- ing in the left side of the neck, eructations and nau< FAMILY MEDICINES. 285 ■ca in the throat, distention of the stomach and abdo- men ; in females drawing colic as if the menses would appear, painless stroke in the epigastrium as if some- thing living was bounding upwards, dull long stitches from time to time near the anus with pain to affect the whole nervous system, creeping in the anus as of ascarides, excitement of sexual desire, fatal hemor- rhage from the uterus, cough aud heaviness in the breast, stitch below the heart and left breast, occa- sional pain in the shoulder joints, the arms feel hea- vy as if bruised," cracking in all the joints, weariness in the knees, burning tingling in the feet, chilliness with some thirst, distended veins, &c. Dulcamara Solanum. [Bittersweet, Woody Nightshade. German—Bitter- suesz, Nacthschatten.] Antidotes, Camph. Ipecac. Mer. Viv. It frequently causes and cures twitchings of the hands, pains in many parts of the body, lassitude, emaciation, and is especially beneficial to phlegmatic, turbid, scrofulous, psoric, weakened constitutions. It is valuable to persons liable to take cold suddenly from damp air, or suffering under acute and chronic affections of the mucus membrane, acute and chronic rheumatisms, feverish urticaria, cephalalgia, especial- ly when from cold, warts on the face and elsewhere, 286 EAMILY MEDICINES. suppurating herpes forming crusts, rheumatic fever, headache after a fainting fit, angina catarrhalis, ca- tarrhal rheumatism, mucous diarrhoea, catarrh of the bladder and retention of the urine, whooping cough, dry tongue, paralysis of the tongue, nausea, vomiting of mucus, pressure in the stomach with intense ach- ing in the pit of the stomach, colic as if diarrhoea were ensuing, swelling of the inguinal glands, white mucous diarrhoea, strangury painful micturition, un- easy sleep, &c. Eupatorium Perf. [Boneset, Thoroughwort, Vegetable Antimony, Indi- an Sage, Ague Weed. German—Durcwachs, Fie- berkraut.] This very efficacious medicine compares and alter- nates well with ARNICA, chamomile, mere. viv. natr. mur. rhus tox. especially with natr. mur. in inter- mittent fevers. It is said to have been very success- ful in the treatment of a peculiar herpetic disease affecting the anus and adjacent parts as the scrotum and thighs, and even extending to the rectum. This endemic along James River, in Virginia, was arrested and cured by this remedy ; hence it is called James River Ring Worm. A wine glass full of the express- ed juice of the plant taken every hour, and the bruis- ed leaves applied to the wound, is celebrated as a cure for the bite of the rattlesnake. Nearly half a cento- FAMILY MEDICINES. 287 ry ago there prevailed throughout the United States, but more particularly in the State of Pennsylvania, a peculiar epidemic, which from the constant symp- toms of pain in the bones, was called break bone fever, and on account of its wonderful effects in curing thia disease it was called boneset; a common name by which it is extensively known. This herb is one of the principal remedies employed by the aborigines of the country in the treatment of intermittent fevers, and hence another of tho common names by which it is known among us is Ague Weed, which corresponds with the In lian name. In all cases of typhoid disease attended with hot dry skin, it is reputed to be an es- timable medicine. It was used with great success in an epidemic of influenza and lake fever which pre- vailed a few 3 cars since in the vicinity of lake Onta- rio. In A. D. 1812, it was substituted for Penmen bark, in the treatment of intermittent fevers in the New York Alms House, with uniform success. Dr. Williamson affirms that five drops of Eupat. perf. in from five to eight spoonsful of water, and a tea spoon- ful given every hour, in the apyrexia, cured cases fre- quently without the recurrence of another paroxysm. In intermittent and bilious diathesis and tertian ague, cephelalgia arising from disordered stomach, and ner- vous headache,'remittent fevers of a typhoid charac- acter, rheumatic and gouiy affections, cachexia of the system from long continuance of attacks of bilious vaA intermittent fevers, indigestion of old people, 288 FAMILY MEDICINES. general debility, bronchitis, dropsical affections, &c. have found great benefit from Eupatorium. Ipecacuanha Cephalis. German—Brechwurzel. Antidotes, Am. Chin. Nux Vom. Hahnemann remarks, that ipecac, is capable of curing certain forms of inclination to vomit, certain kinds of paroxysms of spasmodic asthma and suffo- cating spasms; certain kinds of intermittent fever are likewise cured by ipecac. It also removes certain prejudicial effects of Ars. and China. According to Drs. Noack and Trink ipecac, acts especially upon the abdominal nerves, and especially the solar plexus; it is suitable to persons predisposed to spasms, nausea, vomiting, eruction of the stomach, to pregnant women, hysteric and hypochondriac persons. China-cachex- ia, bruised feeling of the limbs, weariness, stiffness— Intermittent fever in alternation with nux vomica.— Ipecac, has cured quotidian and tertian fevers, when returning after having been suppressed by quinine, cholera infantum, cholera Asiatica, slight cases of cholerine, cholera morbus, watery diarrhoea of chil- dren, extreme impatience, heavy feeling of the head, aching pain in the forehead, tensive cephelalgia in the occiput and nape of the neck, red inflamed eyes, nau- seousness, green diarrhoea, bloody urine, turbid urine FAMILY MEDICINES. 289 with brick dust sediment, suffocating cough, spasmo- dic asthma, febrile shuddering and yawning, night sweat, &c. Iodium, Iodina. [Iodine. German—Iodine, Iodin Barchstoff.] Antidote of large doses: Starch boiled to thin glue, by means of a large quantity of water, and given to the patient in large quantities, or in case of necessity, Sugar Water, Milk, especially asses milk, tepid or sulphur baths, frequent walks in the open air, China, ■ Hyos. Iodine is especially useful after or in alter- nation with Mercury. Clinical and symptomatic observations are, scrofu- losis, affections of the mucus membranes, syphilis with a tendency to hypertrophy, old gout, tabes, mer- curial affections of the liver, disease of the urinary organs, disease of the trachea, despondency, sad me- lancholy mood, anguish, she is no longer phlegmatic; but has become a blooming, stronger, and more ani- mated girl: excessive irritation, delirium, dulness of the head and headache, tearing and throbing in the head, congestion of blood to the head, falling off of the hair, inflamed eyes, redness and swelling of the eyelids, obscuration of sight, hardness of hearing, profuse bleeding of the nose, pale face, yellow com- 9 290 FAMILY MEDICINES. plexion, convulsive twitchings of the muscles of the face, toothache in alternate places, aphthea, putrid smell from the mouth, coated tongue, constrictive sensation of the throat, itching titillation of the throat, inflammation and ulcers of the throat, increased se- cretion of saliva, salt taste in the mouth, canine hun- ger, very "weak digestion, nausea, vomiting of bile, spasmodic pain in the stomach, the left hypochondria is hnrd, big distended abdomen, colic, pinching and aching colic, abdominal symptoms recur after eating for many d xys, disappearance of the swelling of the inguinal gliinds, frequent rumbling in the abdomen, irregular stool, constipation and diarrhoea, discharge of thick mucus, burning and itching of the anus, dar- kened urine, premature and copious menstruation, pain of the larynx, inflammation of the trachea, hoarsness in the morning, dry, short, and hacking cough, discharge of mucus streaked with blood, diffi- culty of breathing, enlargement and painful indura- tion of the goitre, tearing pain and weakness in the arms, uneasiness in the lower limbs, sleeplessness, increased animal heat, vivid dreams, small wiry ac- celerated pulse, quartan feve r, rough dry t-kin, glan- dular indurations, in general great irritation of the nervous system, trembling of the limbs, great pros- tration of strength, nervous consumption, emaciation with hectic; fever, &c. FAMILY MEDICINES. 291 Lobelia In fiat a. [Emetic Herb, Indian Tobacco. German—Brcch- kraut, Indianisoher Tabai-. | Antidotes, Arnica, Camphora. The lobelia inflata has been found in reasonable and small doses a very valuable remedy in certain forms of asthmatic diseases. A few drops of the tincture, pays Dr. Noack, has a precious effect; and he thinks that its operation is peculiarly directed on the pneu- reo-gastric nerve. There are other operations of lobelia intlata, than on the lungs and stoi ii'.ch, which are worthy of attention. Dr. E. Caspari told me he gave Lobelai to an elderly lady, (who had not men- struated for four years,) for pain in the shoulder, it relieved the pain and brought on menstruation. I gave the medicine to a lady in the last stage of con- sumption, who had not menstruated t<" six months; it palliated the cough, and brought the menses. A lady over fifty years of age, who had long ceased to menstruate, had, after taking lobe'ia for a cough, bleeding at tho nose. 1 have now under my care, says he, a boy, who after taking a Thomsonian emetic had every evening r iter an hour's sleep, a violent raving with flushing in the face, and palpitation of the heart, which yielded rapidly to Homoeopathic treatment. Cardialgia simplex and biliosa, by a few drops of Lobelia given twice a day for a week, had the 292 FAMILY MEDICINES. desired effect to cure; dyspeptic symptoms, hemor- rhoidal affections, febris intermittent quotidian, shi- vering of the whole body, weariness, prickling sensa- tion, sensation of lump in the throat, copious hemor- rhage from hemorrhoidal vessels, &c. Lupulus. [Common Hop. German—Hopfen.] Antidote, Coffee. Symptoms: vertigo, drawing pain in the head, eructations increasing to nausea accompanied with a dizzy confused feeling in the head, after strong hun- ger without appetite, violent urging to stool. In- creased secretion of urine from eating the sprouts, great drowsiness and sleeplessness. Generally after inordinate large doses, drawing and twitching in al- most every muscle, now here an then there, mostly between the shoulders. After taking coffee all the symptoms disappear, exceptan unusual burning in the urethra after urinating, &c. But Lupulus is general- ly employed in small portions, to make yeast or lea- ven to rise dongh for light bread, beer, and ale. The two last are speculative motives, made use of to gull and lead people into intemperance, for the sake of the hard earned but oft repeated pittances, whioh aro obtained from those whom they can entice to risit their speculative and immoral haunts ; when those FAMILY MEDICINES. 293 giddy and continued revellings, are generally the means and cause of ill-health and ill-humor, as well :is the destruction and neglect of useful housekeeping, to the injury of themselves and their families; and brings many of those deluded persons to poverty's vale of want and misery. The effect of the slow poi- sonous virus, is visible from the index of the counte- nance, by the bloated, sluggish, and dormant appear- ance of the deluded culprit. The awful effects and calamities produced by the venders, retailers, and inhalers, are similar to the Alcohol Traffic, and in the end the judgment will be: "Wo unto him that giv-< eth his neighbor drink, ***** and maketh him drunken."—Hab. ii. 15. So that they fall into the ditch and pit together, to reap their reward and pun- ishment forever, according to their evil works, if they repent not. Oh! when will men learn to be wise and no longer be partakers of other men's sins, nor give encouragement thereto, in any shape or form. Mercurial Preparations. [Mercurius Vivus, Hydrargyrum Vivum, Mercury, Quicksilver. German—Merkur, -Quicksilber.] [Also, Mercurius Solubilis, Mercurius Corrosivus, or Sublimatum.] Together with many other preparations and com- pounds ore found in the Allopathic medical practice; 294 FAMILY MEDICINES. also, a few mercurial preparations are found in the similia similibus curantur, IlomocopathicaUy prepared. There is perhaps no drug in the whole Pharmacology, that has a greater tendency and effect to altei-.ite the symptoms of diseases, than the different preparations of Mercury. But the great folly is the inordinate ex- ocssivc doses repeatedly administered; wherein it proves to be very detrimental to the precious health of the patient. We shall threfore present a few of its Hydrargyrosis or Mercurial Cachexia of mercurial symptoms, taken from the best authors of symptom- atica! observations; such as paroxysms of oppressive anxiety, imperfect memory, considerable swelling of the head, cervical glands and gums, falling off of tho hair, imbecility, (conjunctivitis mercurialis.) The eyelids are burning and itching, sensitiveness to light, lachrymation. The schneiderian membrane is affect- el as in catarrh, with soreness of the nostrils and up- per lip, and secretion of thin white mucus, humming in the ears, violent bleeding of the nose. Lead color- ed complexion, cadaverous paleness of the face, caries of the jaws, neuralgia of the facial nerve. Swelling and bleeding of the gums, scurvy of the gums, the teeth become elongated, black, loose, and finally fall out, cadaverous smell from the mouth. In extreme cachexia, the saliva tastes differently, sour, saltish, sweetish, flat, bitter and putrid, metallic, generally acrid. Rough and husky voice, loss of appetite, in- clination to vomit. Infaritions and indurations of the liver, jaundice, distention of and pain in the abdomen- FAMILY MEDICINES. 295 Diarrhoea, frequently with frothy and bilious evacu- ation^ great paiafulness in the pit and region of the Btomach, particularly to the touch, pressure in the pit of the stomach. The region of the liver is sensi- tively painful, acute hepatitis and jaundice, colic as from cold, with chilliness and shuddering, distention of the abdomen, frequent emission of flatulence, fre- quent changes from constipation to diarrhoea. Pa- pescent stools with mucus, diarrhoeic stools streaked with blood, sour fetid stools, burning pain of the anus with discharge of green mucus, discharge of ascar- ides and lumbrici. Frequent desire to urinate, dark, red and brown urine with sediment, inflammation of the prepuce, drawing pain in the testicles and groin. Prolapsus of the vagina in females, suppression of the menses, hard swelling of the mamma; and ulceration. Catarrh with chilliness, constant hoarseness and a- phonia. dry cough and also at other times with ex- pectoration, shortness of breath when walking. Burn- ing sensation in the breast, violent bruised ;>.cin across the che.st, sticking pain in the small of the back, with unsteadiness iu the small of the back knees and feet. Little blotches and ulcers on the scapulae and abdoMJU, swollen and stiff neck, painful closing of tho jaws. Tearing in the right shoulder joints, the humeri ?..'A wrist joint. Herpes on the arms with red k aly spots, .deep rhagades in the fingers. Eruption on the tiiiirus, stinging and itching in the skin. Great and ea.^y weariness, pain in the knee joints, drawing 296 . FAMILY MEDICINES. pain in the tibiae, cold feet, swelling of the toes and cramps. Great inclination to sleep in day time, fre- quent waking as by fright, excessive restlessness, anxiety and sleeplessness, coldness of the hands, in- ternal chilliness, violent shaking chills with cold hands. Paroxysms of fever especially at night, a good deal of thirst during the hot stage, sweat with nausea and languor. Itching eruptions with burning sensation. Glandular swellings frequently. Drop- sical persons lost their swellings, and fetid ulcers made their appearance on the legs, which became speedily putrid. Violent pains as if bruised in the whole body especially the thighs, rheumatic or arthri- tic pain in the joints, constant uneasiness, heaviness of limbs, rigidity and immobility of all the limbs. Inflammatory affections of the glands, putrid rapid spreading ulcers. All the symptoms of a fully devel- oped scurvy, acute and chronic eruptions. (Rheu- matimus Mercurialis.) The pains generally are char- acterised by intermissions, are aggravated by the warmth of the bed, decrease in a cooler temperature, and are most violent when the weather or wind chang- es, &c. (with many others.) The principal remedies and antidotes to mercurial cachexia are, Acid Nitrum; against violent pains of the bones, ulcers of the mucus membrane, Acid Phosphor.; for periostitis, ARNICA; against pulmonary hemorrhage occasioned by the use of mercury, Arsen.; for hydrargyrosis combined with rheumatism and gout, Asaf.; for caries mercurialis, FAMILY MEDICINES. 297 Bellad.; against the congestions to the head brought on by mercury, periostritis and ostritis, phlegmonous inflammation of the glands, Carb. Veg.; in acute poisoning with corrosive sublimate, and when gan- grene is to be apprehended, China; against exces- sive weakness occasioned by the inordinate use of mercury, and excessive sensitiveness and irritation, with great liability to take cold, Dulcamara ; for mer- curial rheumatism great liability to cold. Also Opi- um, Sulphur, and Lycopodium may be given. Acid Nitrum ought to be commenced with and repeated at intervals at first of one, two, or three, even to nine days, as long as good effects follow; then Hepar Sul. —and after that Sulph. together with the others, to cure the awful effects of inordinate doses of Mercury, which we so frequently behold among our fellow men. Opium Papaver. [White Poppy. German—Mohnsaft, Maagblume.] Antidotes, very strong Coffea, also by injection, Cof- fea with lemon juice, warm bath, small doses of Opium, Bellad. Camph. Coff. Ipecac, or vinegar. Pathological symptoms are, sadness, excessive an- guish, fearfulness, great tranquility of mind, inter- nal contentment, forgetfulness of all his complaints and pain, delightful feelings of bliss with sweet fan- 298 FAMILY MEDICINES. cies as if he were in heaven, courage, pert-crcrance, boldness, contempt of death, inconstancy. Opium eaters often promise what they soon refuse to per- form; their happy feelings are soon prostrated; then ensues loss of mind, stupefaction, delirium, visions, frightful fancies, delirium tremens, dulness of the head, gloomy feelings, congestion of blood to the head, throbing of the arteries of the head, humming in the ears, biiL-h clay colored face. All the muscles of the face relaxed, wliich gives the countenance a stupid appearance : red, bloated, swollen face; the face and eyes are red for a while. Distortion of the mouth, retention of the stool, paralysis of the intestines, cos- tiveness, suppression of the urine, and then excited again, snoring breathing, spasms of rleep, and then again sleeplessness. Diminished sensibility with ma- ny deleterious effects, yet in minute doses it has also lasting good effects. Populus Balsamifera. [Balm of Gilead, Balsam Poplar. German—Balsam- ifera, OEhlbaum, Balsambaum.] This medical tree is known by its resinous buds. Leaves ovate, acuminate with close pressed serrations, white an I net-veined beneath, stem 70 to 80 feet high, blooms in April in our northern climate. Its medical virtues are of late provings; and it is found to be j remedy in scorbutic and scrofulous affections, t uch as FAMILY MEDICINES. 299 eruptive itch, hemorrhoidal complaints, rheumatism, sore eyes, debility, &c. Its remedial virtues are of a healing ef^eacy. The preparations may be made by extracting with pure alcohol from the resinous ; ;;Js, and bark of the root together in a bottle in a warm place for 8 or 10 days, then take the liquor from the dregs several times to prepare it for use; anoint the pile and itch eruptions, and lay on a double rag wetted with tincture, in rheumatic affections, and you will find the most certain abatement.^and cure you ever tried, for either of these painful disorders. It will also prove a great purifier of scorbutic blood, by taking four or five drops once or twice a day, says the publisher. Pulsatilla. [German—Kuehenschelle.] Antidote?, Cham. Coff. Ignat. Nux Vom. A few clinical observations are, epilepsy, chronic dropsy of the skin, belly, and chest of a drunkard. Chlorosis, disease of the whole venous system, blen- norrhcet;, rheumatic pains, acute and chronic rheu- matism. An ;ri i.-, acuta and chronica. Tearing and drawing pains ' i the limbs. Measles, varicellea, va- rices, chilblains, sleeplessness, exclamations, night- mare, chilliness without thirst, phlegmatic tempera- ment, hemicrania. Paroxysms of cephelalgia occur- 300 FAMILY MEDICINES. ring every 24 hours. Ophthalmia of different devel- opements, rheumatic otalgia. Otitis and inflamma- tion of the external meatus auditorius, catarrhal and nervous hardness of hearing. Epistaxis, trouble- some toothache. Gastric derangement, indigestion, cardialgia aggravated, vomiting, plethora abdomina- lis vonosa. Affections of the urinary organs, hema- turea, tearing drawing pains through the spermatic cord, inflammation of the prostrate gland. Amenor- rhcea, menstrual colic, complaints of the critical age, good effect in pregnant females, violent abdominal spasms, constant urging to urinate, delaying and defi- cient labor pains. Typhoid pneumonia, dyspnoea, affections of the right ventricle, tremulous anguish, hypochondriac peevishness, &c. Preparation of Glonoine. This remedy has of late caused some excitment in the Homoeopathic market; and it is thought, that such a useful remedy should not be omitted in this little guide to health. Glonoine is generally employed to cure headaches (cephelalgia.) It will also cause pungent symptoms of cephelalgia, by taking a drop, or evenhalf a drop in a healthy state; it causes and cures many different symptoms of the head by globules. We only refer to a few pathogenetic effects of Glonoine. Great weight in the head, or on the brain, heavy feeling in the FAMILY MEDICINES. 301 head; pulsation in the head for two minutes. Ful- ness of the right side of the forehead, pain in the fore- head when looking steadily, pain in the organ of "wonder," and slight pain in the region of the organ of " wit," slight pain in the organ of " mirthfulness," slight pain across the eye-brows. Bruised pain in the organ of " form." Stitches in the right temple, pain in the organ of " benevolence," pain in the head on shaking it. Mouth filled with offensive thick sali- va in the morning, accumulation of slimy saliva thro' the day, tongue large and white. Prickling in the left tonsil, taste in the mouth like pine wood. Flatu- lency through the evening, a free evacuation of soft fseces. Palpitation of the heart. Dr. Vinal says, in his clinical remarks: MrB. E. C. T. complained of throbing headache; dizziness with flushing heat to the head, with great soreness internally. I gave her Glonoine 9 two powders, and by taking one was cur- ed. Mrs. Ann R.—This patient had pulsating head- ache with soreness and dizziness. She got Glonoine 6 four powders, and was relieved after the first dose. Rheum Rhabarbarum. [Rhubarb. German—Rhabarber.] Antidotes, Camph. Cham. Coffea. Rhubarb has principally been employed for de- rangements of the intestinal canal, in children and 302 FAMILY MEDICINES. full grown persons, in diarrhoea and cutting colic, nightly complaints of children, sour flat taste. Its general symptoms are, gloominess and heaviness in the head, convulsive twitchings of the facial muscles, pour taste in the mouth, desire for various things. Distension'of the stomach, cutting in the umbilical region, cutting pain in the left loin, tenesmus. Di- arrhcehio stools consisting of fsBces and mucus, in- creased urging to stool when moving about. Dull quick stitches under the last rib in breathing, weari- ness of the legs with tensive aching pain in tne left knee, heat all over without thirst, simple pain in all the joints when moving about. Rhubarb ought not to be employed in dysentery, for it will not cover the symptoms of dysentery sufficiently. Ruta Gravcolens. [Common Rue. German—Gemeine Raute, Garten Raute.] Clinn A and symptomatical remarks. In local in- juries ruta may be employed, externally as well as internally. Dr. Acgidi has used it with success in injuries and rheumatic paralyses of the tarsal and carpal joints. It has also been successfully employed in amblyopia, amaurotica, and amaurosis, melancho- ly, sad thoughts, heaviness in the head, weakness of the eyes as from too much reading, incipient amau- FAMILY MEDICINES. 303 rosis, considerable lachrymation in the open air. Aching gnawing pain in the region of the liver, tear- ing in the rectum and in the urethra between the acts of micturition; but after micturition he feels a pres- sure in the bladder. Bone pains, pains after a fall, bruise, or contusion. His lower limbs feel so rest- less and heavy, that he cannot keep them still, turn- ing constantly from side to side, he feels tired after a Bhort walk, the pains are aggravated in the limbs during rest, particularly when sitting down. Sambucus Nigra. [Common Elder. German—Hollundcr.] Antidotes, Ars. Caa-pl. Causes and effects derived from inordinate use of Elder: Continual ill humor, dizziness, bluish and bloated face, pinching pain in the abdomen. Profuse menses in females, violent dyspnea, suffocative spasms, dry heat all over the body, croup, dry cory- za. Intermittent fever, cough with copious expecto- ration. It is also a destructive and preventive reme- dy to all verminous and pesterous insects and animals, such as weevil and mice in grain, or maggots on wounds or meat, by applying the green leaves and stems, or juice, or decoction, intermixed slightly.— The leaves of sambucus are recommended in the Real Lexicon for rot in sheep. 304 FAMILY MEDICINES. Sanguinaria Canadensis. [Indian Puccoon, Blood Root. German—Blutkraut Wurzel.] Antidote, Arnica. Symptomatic effects are: Anxiety before vomiting, vertigo with singing in the ears, heaviness in the head, severe pains in the head with nauseous vomit- ing, distension of veins in the temples, redness of cheeks with cough, burning of the ears, nasal polypus. Loss of smell, influenza, coryza, rawness in the throat, angina, ulcerated sore throat, tongue sore with pains. Strengthens the stomach and inflames it, also pain in the left hypochondrium. Urging to stool with great discharge of flatus. Frequent and copious urination, climacteric disorders. Female menses too early.— Chronic dryness of the throat, tormenting cough, pulmonary consumption, croup, whooping cough, hydrothorax, asthma, pneumonia, typhoid pleurisy, diseases of the lungs, pain in the breast with dry or expectorant cough. Burning in the palms, sensation as if hot water were poured from the breast into the abdomen, brings the pulse from 112 te 80, itching nettlerash before nausea, warts, jaundice. Is tonic in diseases of the lungs, paralysis of the right side and limbs, &c. FAMILY MEDICINES. 305 Secale Cornutum. [Ergot. German—Mutterkorn.] Antidotes, Camph. Sol. Nig. Pathogenetic effects are: Melancholy, anguish, great oppressive anxiety, rage, vertigo, and stupe- faction like intoxication. Humming and roaring in the ears. Sallow complexion, dark-red face, brown spots in the face, bleeding of the nose, cory2a with watery flow from the nose. Aversion to food, heart- burn, nausea, vomiting, constant pressure in the pit of the stomach, cardialgia, hepatitis, violent colic.— Burning in the abdomen, painful diarrhoea with great prostration. Involuntary evacuations, watery urine, the menses too profuse, congestion of blood to the nterus, metrohagia. Weakness of the extremities drawing and tearing pains in the limbs, spasms and convulsions of the extremities, trembling of the limbs, formication of hands and feet, paralysis of the limbs, numbness of the fingers. Restless sleep, violent chilliness, afterwards burning heat, cold sweat, at other times skin dry and brittle. The skin looks lead colored, creeping under the skin all over, epilep- tic spasms, epilepsy in children. Great general lan- guor, large reddish brown spots and wrinkles all over the body with itching. Especial care should be ta- ken not to give it in copious and oft repeated doses; especially in parturition time, when it is very fre- quently too copiously administered. 306 FAMILY MEDICINES. Senega Polygalia. [Rattle Snake Weed. German—Senega Wurzel.] Antidotes, Am. Bel. Bry. Camph. Clinical and symptomatical observations: Bites of poisonous animals, pneumonia and peripneumonia, hydrothorax, vertigo, stupefying pain in the occiput, burning pain in the margin of the eyelids, pressure and jerking in the eyelids, dryness of the eyes imped- ed vision, luminous vibrations before the eyes. Hum- ming in the ears, dryness of the mouth, slight prick- ling and stinging in the mouth, burning scraping sensation in the throat, loss of appetite, vomiting and purging (from strong doses.) Emptiness of the sto- mach, qualmish feeling in the stomach, burning and pressure in the stomach. Boring pain in the hypo- chondrium. Papacent stool. Urine mixed with mu- cus filaments. Painful erections. Cough with ex- pectoration, increased, short, and hacking cough.— Aching, and violent aching pain in the chest, aching and boring in the left chest, dull stitches in the left chest especially when sitting or laying. When sneez- ing he feels an extremely violent sore pain in the chest. Sound stupefying bleep, restless sleep, chilli- ness with weakness iu the feet. General debility, es- pecially of the lower limbs, lassitude and slight trem- bling of the lower extremities. Great debility with etretehing of the limbs, bodily and mental debilty, Languor when walking in the open air, &c. FAMILY MEDICINES. 307 Solanum Lycopersicon. [Tomato. German—Liebes-Apfel. ] [Antidote, Coff. Stupid feeling in the head, pressure in tho malar bone, dry coryza, restless sleep, frequent waking and tossing about at night with lame feeling, urinary ir- ritation. Memory weak, vanishing ideas, forgets what he designs, which may be observed by those that make a dietical use of it. Let us beware of exces- sive use of it. Sulphur. [ Brimstone, or Fluor Sulphuris. German—Schwe- fel, oder Schwefel-Bluethe. ] Antidote, Aeon. Camph. Cham. Nux Vom. Puis. Symptomatic effects are: Despondency, great dis- position to weep, excessively out of humor, slowness of mind and body, quarrelsome mood, great inclina- tion to philosophical and religious speculations, ex- tremely forgetful, dulness of head. Vertigo in the the morning with some bleeding of the nose, headache with nausea. Every step affects the head painfully, pressure and heaviness of the head, beating pulsa- tions in the head and temples. Violent itching in the forehead, pressure and itching in the eyelids, redness 308 FAMILY MEDICINES. and dryness of the eyes, intolerance of the light of the sun. Drawing, humming, and whizzing in the ears. Inflammation and swelling of the nose, occa- sional bleeding of the nose, loss of smell and intoler- ance of odors, violent obstruction of the nose for sev- eral days, then coryza. Paleness of face, deep eyes surrounded with bluish margins, occasional heat and redness of the face, creeping and twitching sensations in the face. Glandular swelling. Toothache in the open air, jerks through the single teeth. Dry mouth with pressure in the throat as from a lump, sore throat and empty deglutition, bitter taste in the morning, taste of bile before breakfast, aversion to meat. Pressure in the stomach immediately after eating, empty eructations after every meal in the morning, sour eructations. Heartburn and water brash, nausea with a desire to vomit. The region of the stomach becomes very painful when pressing up- on it, feeling of repletion in the stomach, pricking pain in the pit of the stomach. Stitching in the left side of the abdomen, pressure under the left ribs, painful sensitiveness in the abdomen as if all parts were sore, movements in the abdomen as if something living was moving, rumbling in the abdomen and hy- pogastrium. Painful swelling of the inguinal glands, hard and difficult stool, pressing on the rectum.— Frequent and sudden desire to urinate, copious mic- turition after midnight. Burning in the forepart of the urethra during or after micturition. Increase of sexual desire, troublesome itching of the pudendum, FAMILY MEDICINES. 309 with pimples all around. Burning and painful leu- corrhea, rough hoarseness, nightly suffocating fits, difliculty of breathing. Stitches in the chest extend- ing to the back, pain in the small of the back, stiff- ness of the nape of the neck. Drawing pain in the shoulder joints, tearing pain in the arms and hands, stiffness and numbness of hands and Angers. Incli- nation to take cold, with many other symptoms. Es- pecially the anointing salves for itch and other e- ruptions impregnated with sulphur, cause stiffness and rickety persons, &c. Tabacum llicotiana. [Tobacco. German—Taback.] Antidotes, Camph. Ipecac. Nux Vom. Vinum. Convulsions and cold sweats occasioned by the ex- cessive use of tobacco, may be arrested with sour wine, Homoeopathically prepared in minute doses.— Tabacum has great medical effects in those individu- als who are not daily slaves unto it, by the fashiona- ble habitual employment of the nauseous weed, which impregnates the system of sinewous flesh and blood with tobacco cachexia. The general symptoms of cachexical effects are, in the first attack of excessive doses, aversion to business, great weariness and lan- guor, and debility of the extremities, and trembling of the hands with nauseous feeling, trembling of the 310 FAMILY MEDICINES. whole body with deathlike paleness, spasmodic pres- sure in the region of the pylorus. Burning in the stomach, nausea, loathing, vomiting, dry in the throat, burning in the throat and mouth. Scraping and burning in the pharynx, flatulent coryza. Feel- ing of heaviness in the head after dinner, violent ce- phelalgia. Anguish with general sick feeling, great restlessness, stupid and unable to collect his thoughts, skin itching here and there, profuse sweats smelling of tobacco. Internal coldness with sweat, shaking and Bhuddering of the whole body, cold legs from the knees down. Much dreaming, tremor of the limbs, weakness and trembling of the legs and knees.— Sticking pain in the chest, tickling scraping in the throat, dry cough, nocturnal emissions, diarrhceic stools with soreness of the anus. Burning itching pain in the urethra after micturition. Sallowness of the skin, &c. Chamomilla is an interceptive and an- tidotal aggravation to tobacum. Tanacetum. [Common Tansy. German—Gemeiner Rainfarn.] Symptomatic effects are yet in their infancy and pourtray great mobihty, extraordinary motions and strange gesticulations, stretching, drawing up of feet, and then extending again suddenly, without pain.— Its curative effects are proven by the publisher, to be extraordinary in epidemic dysentery and bloody flux. FAMILY MEDICINES. 811 To take it dried in the shade, and then enclosed in a bottle with pure alcohol (spir. vin.) to cover the herb; after a few days pour ofl' the clear tincture, and give from five to fifteen drops, according to the age and constitution of the patient—repeat the dose at every relapse, which seldom occurs; or if alcohol is not at hand, steep the dry herb and continue to take small portions for several days. Taraxacum Leontodon. [Dandelion, German—Loewenzahn, Pfaffcnrochrleln.] Antidote, Camphor. Symptoms: Pressure in the lower occiput and hea- viness of the same, aching pain in the right temple, drawir.g pain in the left temple, burning and prick- ing pain in the left temple and eyeball. Drawing pain in the right ear. Pustule on the upper purt of the left cheek. Accumulation of saliva in the mouth and sei ■ tion as if the larynx were closed by pressure. The ton-ik! is coated with a white skin, with a sensa- tion of r: wness on the tongue: it then peels off and leaves .vuohs with dark red, sensitive tender places. Sudder ntinuous movement in the abdomen with cont'v stitches and pressure on the leftside.__ Desire innate without pain. Pressure in the small o. fie b" jk. Rumbling and bubbling in the right sec >ula. Jerking in the lower part of tho neck, 312 FAMILY MEDICINES. sticking pain in the left side of the nape of the neck. Jerking in the left forearm, aching pain in the fingers of the right hand, tips of the fingers cold. Sticking pain in the whole left thigh, aching pain in the left calf, vanishing when touched, pressure and drawing in the dorsum of the feet, sticking pain in the sole of the right foot. Frequent yawning and drowsiness in the day time. Heat in the face with redness.— Weak feeling through the whole body. Nearly all the symptoms disappear from walking, and increase by sitting or laying down. Terebinthina. [Turpentine. German—Terpetinoel, Lerchen, Ter- pentin.] Antidotes, Camph. Canth. Symptoms: Complete suppression of urine for a time, then profuse clear urine smelling like violets. Intense pains are experienced along the larger trunks, cannot sleep for two hours, feverish heat through the whole body. General languor, loss of strength for several days. The urine, breath, and sweat smell after Turpentine. It has great remedial effects in mi- nute doses, in men and animals. FAMILY MEDICINES. 313 Teucrium Marum Verum. [Cat Thyme. German—Katzenkraut.] Antidotes, Camph. Ignats. Symptomatic effects are, indolent, physically and mentally. Irresistible disire to sing a few hours after taking the drug. Pressure in the forehead over the eyes, painful pressure in the right temple, also turn- ing to the left temple. Violent tearing in the roots of the right lower incisors, smarting and scraping ou the right side of the root of the tongue. Frequent emission of silent warm flatus. Dr. Hempel asserts, " In a patient suffering with worms 1-10,000 of a grain of Teucrium caused the discharge of a very large quantity of ascarides." Increased discharge watery urine. Sudden appearance of dull cutting pain through the muscles of the right forearm, at the distance of a span from the wrist joint. Vivid most- ly pleasant dreams, irritated tremulous sensation in the whole body, &c. Thea Sinensis, Thea Viridis. [Imperial Green Tea. German—Chinesischer Thee, Gruener- oder Kaiserthee.] Antidotes, China, Ferrum. Symptomatica! effects: Temporary exaltation of 314 FAMILY MEDICINES. mind, ill humored, momentary attack of vertigo, gloomy, heavy, and dizzy in the forehead, disagreea- ble heada ch o, excessive desire to lie down, general trembling, debility, &c. Urtica Urens. [Dwarf or Stinging Nettle. German—Brennessel.] Tincture by A'ohol diluted, or in steep teas, is ve- ry effectual internally and externally for burns, scalds, dyscntric diarrhoea, pneumonia, and nettle- rash. The dried leaves in tea, have the best effects in affections of the lungs; it is also ascertained, that the root, chewed in small parcels, will cure bleeding of the nose and lungs; peach or persica is also high- ly recommended for bleeding of all kinds. Dr. Hem- pel declares, that Urtica Urens ought to be used in- ternally, 10 or 12 pellets in half a tumbler full of water, one tablcspoonful every hour; and at the same time externally, 40 or 50 drops of the tincture in half a tumbler full of water, by applying linen dipped in this solution to the burn, and wetting the linen occa- sionally when it is about to become dry. Urtica Urens cures burns as certainly as ARNICA cures bruises. P'Jf Tims ends this little work, which the compiler has been urged to select and contract to a very brief form, from the best authorities accessible to him, to- got her with his own experience. It was reluctantly FAMILY MEDICINES. 315 undertaken, and has been performed by scraps of matter and of time; only receiving his attention oc- casionaly for an hour or a day, which he could spare from the crowd of other business under his control, during the last four or five months. Yet he feels grateful to a smiling Providence for the means of completing his undertaking, even in the imperfect manner in which it has been accomplished, although he realizes an unaffected repugnance in submitting the incomplete essays to the public use and inspec- tion, when there are unquestionably many minds l';.r moro capable of producing a much better work on such important subjects. FINIO FINIS, This 1st day of September, A. D. 1851. APPENDIX. Wool Protection. A few more items come in contact, and connexion of wool growing, that the compiler would freely Bpend a few thoughts and words on; but the limits of this little essay will not admit it, since it has alrea- dy been swelled beyond it intended limits. Notwith- standing this, I will merely give a glance at some dis- couraging facts, which may easily be turned to our encouragement, and to the advantage of the whole community. And this is to be accomplished by ex- tending adequate protection to the producing class- es, i. e. the agriculturist, the wool grower, the manu- facturer of every grade, by a proper Tariff on all articles of foreign production, including goods, wares, drinks, and implements of every description. Let a protective tariff be laid and enforced on all foreign productions; for we are a nation who, by proper en- APPENDIX 317 couragement, and the blessings of a smiling Provi- dence, are fully able to sustain ourselves in this inde- pendent position. Neither are we bound morally nor religiously to lovo our neighbors better than our- selves. From our financial reports we learn, that our imports exceed our exports over $26,000,000 of dollars annually. The tariff of A. D. 1846 should be altered in some respects, because it no longer affords protection to wool or woollens, and many other ar- ticles, not so much because the rate of duty is not high enough on some items; but because that duty cannot bo, or is not, collected under the ad valorem system. The American manufactured articles ought to be protected, because the raw material of wool and other articles are prohibited from coming into our ports from England for sale free, by a duty of 30 per cent.; and because our duties on foreign manufactur- ed goods are, and can be almost entirely avoided. It is an ascertained fact, as the custom house returns will show, that the great mass of woollen goods is brought from the continent of Europe; and by un- der valuation of the cost and false invoices, the duties assessed are reduced to 15 per cent.; and then, by bounties allowed in France, Belgium, Hungary, and other continental States, these 16 per cent, are re- duced to a mere' nominal charge. We judge our Re- presentatives did not anticipate, that this working of the ad valorem principle would be turned, by the craftiness of men, to our destruction. The woollen branch of our industry needs especial protection.— 318 APPENDIX, The annual consumption of wool produced in our own country may now safely be estimated at 90,000,0001b of whieii a great part is sold to foreign nations ; and it is also safe to say, that this wool is more than dou- bled in value, by the process of manufacturing, and yet it will not half supply the numerous multitude of the Union. Therefore it is necessary, that wool growing and manufacturing be encouraged and the emigration of the proper description of men to our country advanced. Wool growing is a great and in- creasing department of American industry; and if wisely cherished, is destined to become one of the greatest beneficial interests and employments of a large part of the laboring class of this community. We may safely set down the present number of sheep in the United States at 30,000,000. The capital in- vested in sheep culture, by lands, folds, sheds, shel- ters, with other necessary buildings and fixtures, may be estimated at the rate of ten dollars a head, and by adding one dollar a head for the value of each sheep, will invest a capital of $330,000,000 in this country for sheep ; yet the present consumption requires near- ly double that amount, whioh is supplied from other countries. Why not afford a proper, substantial pro- tection, that will stimulate wheat and corn growers to become wool growers, and capitalists and poor men to become manufacturers, so that the overplus of wheat land will supply the deficiency of wool, and en- able the domestic manufacturers to furnish them and us with clothing, while they consume our surplus APPENDIX. SI 9 wheat, corn, beef, and pork. And wc should do thia because foreign nations receive but very little of our produce, while they impose their manufactured goods upon us; so that our imports exceed our exports, as already Bhown, more than $26,000,000, and thus drain our deposites of specie annually. Iron Protection. The compiler would also briefly refer to one other item of vast importance, where the low tariff has a similar effect to the great injury of our community, manifesting imprudence, disregard of cur interests, disrespect for ourstXes, and heedlessness to our pros- perity as a nation. Lot us behold the iron making establishments in the State of Pennsylvania alone. Out of 293 furnaces, 146 (one-half,) have stopped their operation within the last eighteen months; and many workmen thrown out of cmploynieiu. And yet almost every vessel that arrives in this country from England, is loaded with Rail Raad Iron, aud other I- ron, Cutlery, Sec. Would we not much better have a higher protective tariff 1 If we should have t > pay a penny a pound more for iron, we would have more produce consumed at home; and a great amount of specie kept aud circulated among our own people. As it is with Iron Furnaces, so it is with workers in metal generally, as well as the Woollen Manufacturers, the Print Manufacturers, #c. Behold what a spectacle we have here ! Instead of building up manufactures 520 APPENDIX. all over the country, to bring unto us, mineral, vege- table, and animal wealth, with the productions of our own soil, we are even suffering our own establish- ments to languish and die by hundreds, under the assaults of the mammoth establishments and monop- olies, and cheap labor of Europe. If the interests of our beloved country are thus neglected and destroyed, can we remain solvent ? Has' it not a tendency to make us bankrupt, while foreign nations are demand- ing specie only ? If they would take our surplus grain, beef, pork, &c. we might bear the burden a little better ; but under the present administration it is be- coming intolerable. Will our farmers, mechanics, and laborers longer tolerate a state of affairs that is fatally sapping the foundation of their prosperity? Ought we not to exert our influence for a more ap- propriate principle of republicanism? But time and space will not admit at present, to go into further details on those important subjects. Selection and Repetition of Medicine. One of the most delicate and important points in the practice of Homoeopthic medicine is the choice of appropriate remedies. Unless the remedy is specifi- cally adapted to the disease to be treated, the admin- istration may be ineffectual. When the remedy has been rightly chosen, the proper time for repeating it, isdetermined by the greater or less progress of the APPENDIX. 321 disease. When the case is an urgent one, the reme- dy may be given every twelve, six, or four hours, and even less; especially when you observe the disease falling and rising at short intervals, in combat with the medicine. In some acute affections, such as Cho- lera Asiatica, one of the most speedily fatal diseases, at the beginning of that we must administer every four or five minutes, two or three drops of a mild so- lution of Camphor, in order to obtain prompt and cer- tain relief. When the disease has fully developed it- self and is moderated, the approximate remedies, such as Cuprum, Ipecacuanha, Veratrum, Phospho- rus, Arsenicum, Sec. are given every hour or two. In cases of Colic, Cramps, or Spasms, the remedy best adapted to the disease, is to be repeated at short in- tervals, say every fifteen or twenty minutes. In these and similar cases, it is convenient to dissolve twelve or fifteen globules of the medicine, or a drop of the tincture, in six or eight tea spoonsful of water, and give one of them every ten or fifteen minutes. If the patient is not speedily relieved by the remedy first chosen, another must be selected and tried in the same manner; always remembering not to use the same glass or cup, for different medicines, unless first well cleansed. In croup, that scourge of infancy in this country, the appropriate remedies are, Aconitum, He- par Sulphuris, Spongia Usta, and are to be employed in quick succession. For example, if there be fever, give two or three doses of Aconitum at intervals of fif- teen or twenty minutes, until it makes some favorable 322 APPENDIX. change, then ten or twelve pellets of those other med- icines may be dissolved in six or eight spoonsful of water and a tea spoonful given, each separate, at in- tervals of fifteen minutes, till the urgent symptoms abate, then at longer intervals, as the symptoms di- minish. In diseases, less dangerous and rapid in their course, the administration of a suitable remedy in doses of five or six or less globules, placed upon the tongue, or dissolved in a spoonful of water, once in twelve or twenty-four hours, r will be sufficiently often. In other cases where aggravations and remis- sions in diseases occur daily, remedies adapted to each state, may be given during the manifestation. In intermittent fevers the remedies are to be chosen _ at the end of the termination of the paroxysms. Thus given it his time to produce in the system, all its ef- fects towards the restoration of health. If the period between the paroxysms is very short, the remedy must'be given as soon as the fever subsides, or the sweating stage begins. In chronic diseases, medicines are to be repeated less, frequently than in other cases. Hahnemann thinks, that Sulphur in its mildest form ought not in most cases be given oftener than once in seven days, and this period he lengthened in proportion as the patients are more delicate or excitable. In the treat- ment of chronic diseases, it is to be observed, that the remedies must not be repeated so frequently as in other cases. The appropriate remedy may be given daily or once in two or three days, at first ac- APPENDIX. 323 cording to the intimate nature of the case, and con- dition of the patient, experience must in a great measure teach us, how the doses ought to be varied, both in quantity and in frequency. The following rule is generally adhered to, not to repeat a remedy, or give ■in.ithcr while the patient is evidently improv- ing in health and strength ; when the improvement comes to a ;t;ind or symptoms of the disease increase again ; then repeat the remedy or give another good proposed one. Pj ryaration of Homoeopathic Tvlcdicincs, Accusing to the Homoeopathic philosophy, cannot well and tally be entrusted to all individuals of pub- lic community, on account of its purity of ingredi- ents and critical preparations. Therefore only a few specimens are given to make in immediate.wants and tho balance or all should be left, to a proper chemist and preparer of remedies. The following may be prepared of necessity, as house or family remedies, to cure or ease until better remedies or a proper Physician can be had. ARNICA may be pre- pared by steeping a small portion of the flowers in hot water, or Calendula will answer a similar pur- pose, and by some called the North American ARNI- CA. If the ARNICA tincture or dilution is not at hand; steep of the ARNICA or Calendula flowers 1 drachm in a quart of w;;ter, and apply it inter- nal) and externally as recommended. 324 APPENDIX. Assarum, Coltsfoot—(Hazelwurzel,) ought not to be used in copious doses or draughts; if necessity requires it to be taken, otherwise than by Homoe- opathic preparation, steep it in water and take it very sparingly. Capsicum, is also very frequently taken in ex- cessive large and repeated doses—has a deleterious effect on the human system. Chamomilla, according to the common use of some individuals, especially females, have and are destroying their health, with the inordinate use of it. Therefore, we ought to be very cautious how to use and give it. Crocus—Saffron, excessively used produces ve-' ry deleterious effects upon children and adults, by the inordinate use of it. Dulcamara—Bittersweet, is also searched af- ter as a very virtuous remedy in herpetic and rheu- matic effects; and also has its detrimental effects by excessive use of bitters or teas. Electricitas—Electricity, Galvanism; Ger- man—Electricitset, Galvanismus. This electric fluid is spread throughout all nature. It is the great Har- monia of all animate and inanimate life; the great vehicle of universal power, organized and instituted by that fundamental power, that has brought worlds from nought into existence, that upholds all created things by his might, in the great unlimited space, with the vivid lightning in his hand and under his control, (and who may be authorized to have.) It is APPENDIX. 328 ■oonveyed to earth's remotest bounds, through every particle, and is the special animation and vitality of animal life. The proper equilibrium of it and other substances, that are sustained by it, gives animation and life to soul and body. The spirit of food cannot be detected by chemical instrumentality; because it is the essence from the celestial principle which ani- mates the spiritual and animal body. Every thing conspires to keep alive the flame of divine conscious- ness in the soul. The food we eat is saturated with Divinity's element, and the soul could not support the body, unless it extracted nourishing fluids from the sub- stances committed to the stomach, that great labora- •tory which produces and emanates the principal fluid of motion and vitality. There are three kinds of food or nutrition, which possess different and specific quantities of positive and negative vitality. There are negative, passive, and positive combinations of matter in nature, which man selects and appropriates to the wants and perpetuation of his constitution; and it is necessary to health and happiness, that he ascertains why and where these combinations exist, and how and when to adapt them to his system. He must learn what to eat when diseased, and when he is healthy, how to confirm and preserve harmony thro'- out his being. By internal perception we discover, that vegetable food is, when contrasted with animal substances, perfectly negative, that Fish is passive, and that animal food is positive; i. c. mutton, veal, beef, 10 326 APPENDIX. venison, &c. Man is a compound of all nature: con- sequently he possesses affinities for every thing in the subordinate kingdom, in a greater or less degree. If our knowledge of ingredients were able to compre- hend the substances of animal bodies, and medical virtues in their different forms, and behold the lack in the animal system, with wisdom to supply the defi- ciency by medical virtue, by means of artificial pre- parations and applications, by Allopathy, Homoeopa- thy, Thomsonianism, Ckrono-Thermalism, or Hydropa- thy, we might soon, without fail, regain the healthy functions of the body. Leuco-phlegmatic or phlegm- atic temperaments might be invigorated. Dormant, morbid, paralytic, and neuralgic limbs or functions of the body may be, and are very frequently vitahzed and healed of their infirmities, and many diseases prevented, by a proper application of electricity; by magnetism, or galvanism, or the nervo-vital influence, at proper times, in proper portions, according to Ho- moeopathy and Chrono-Thermalism. Eupatoriuiu—Boneset, has great remedial ef- fects in febrile affections, and long continued use has a, tendency to produce dropsical swellings; therefore caution ohould be had not to use it unadvisedly. ISysSOpus—Hyssop, Isop, as a family tea, is frequently adhered to for its pleasant odor and medi- cal effects; but its overpowering effects in its exces- sive use, are not thought of. APPENDIX. 327 Lavender—Lavendel, is also used extensively, ami has the deleterious effect of producing debility and inordinate affections of the lower extremities, es- pecially in the female sex. Lobelia Inflata—has powerful remedial ef- fects, and is employed by many, as an almost daily beverage, without respect to the bad effects it can have upon the delicate system. Sanguinaria—Bloodroot, is very frequently employed to cure jaundice; it is cathartic and dia- phoretic, ^and is altogether too harsh in large repeat- ed doses. Secale Cornutum—Ergot, is very generally made use of in parturition and other times, in exces- sive doses, to the injury of the patient for many years. We shall only say, be very cautious to take it in small doses only, and not frequently. We have, in some of the preceding pages of this work, presented some of the symptomatica! effects of a few substances in general use with many; yet we do not pretend to show all the symptoms they will make or cure, neither are those symptoms manifested at once or in every person, that makes use of them; tout in part they will be developed more or less. EXPLANATORY GLOSSAEY or THB TECHNICAL TERMS HAM USB Of IN THIS VOLUME. Abdomen: the cavity between the thorax and pelvis; the belly. Abnormal: anormal, not natural, unhealthy, morbid, irregular. Abortus: abortion, losing, miscarriage. Abscess: a cavity containing po*. 330 GLOSSARY. Acarus: an insect infecting the skin, as in itoh. Acetum: acid, sourish, vinegar. Acrid: corrosive, pungent, irritating, soreness. Aconitum, Aeon: monkshood; German—Sturmhut, Eisenhut. Acute: of disease^ sudden, sharp, rapid; of pain, severe. Adhesion: reunion, healing of wounds and fractured parts. Affinity; chemical attraction, likeness. Agrypnia: sleeplessness, want of sleep. Ague: chill, cold stage of intermittent apyrexia. Alcohol: spirit vini, purified spirits of strong drink Aliment: food to sustain lfe. Allopathy: system of medical practice, "Contraria contrariis curantur." Alvine: pertaining to the stomach or intestines. Amaurosis: paralysis of the optic nerve, guta serena Amblyopia: dimness of sight. Amblyosmios: dulness of hearing. Amenorrhoea: absence or stoppage of the menses. Amigdalae: tonsils swelling, quinsy. Anasarca: dropsy of the cellular tissue, swelling in the flesh. Angelica, Archangelica: common angelica, Engel- wurzel. Angina: affections of the throat, sore throat. Animalculse: insects visible through the microscope only. GLOSSARY. 331 Anodyne: a soothing remedy. Anorexia: want of appetite. Anthelmintic vermifuge: antidote for worms. Antiphlogis.i.:: cooling remedies against inflamma- tion. An;ispasmodic: remedy relieving spasms, or parox- ysms. Anus : external opening of the rectum, fundament. Aphthae: thrush, spruce, sore mouth, white pimplta. Apoploxia, Apoplexy: loss of sensation and volunta- ry motion. Apyrexia: intermission or stopping of febrile parox- ysm'; or spasms. Arnica Montana: healing herb; German—Wolferlei. Aromatic, Aroma: spicy, fragrant odor, scent, smell. Arterial, Arteries: pertaining to the arteries, convey- ing the blood. Arthralgia, Arthrodynia: pain in the joints. Ai-temi.-iii: the herb mugwort; German—Gemeiner Beifusz. Ascaris, Ascaridcs: small intestinal worms, pin worms thread worms. Ascites : abdominal dropsy, watery blood or fluid. Assaiuin: coltsfoot; German—Hazelwurzel. Asafcetida : ferula; German—Stink-Asand. Asthma: violent oppression of breathing, hard breath. Astringents: medicines used to contract muscular fibres, stop bleeding. Attenuation: emaciation, dilution of medicine in Ho- moeopathic practice. S82 GLOSSARY. Atrophy: wasting away of the system from function- al disturbance. Arum M: common arum, Indian turnip; Gcrman-r- Gefleckter Aron, Aaron Zwibel. Biliary: pertaining to secretions of the liver. Bilious: abounding with bile. Blepharophthalmitis: inflammation of the eye lids. Bronchitis, Bronchial: pertaining to the inflamma- tion of the bronchia. Bulbulus: a number of short thick roots of herbs. Bulimy, Bulimia: excessive appetite. Cachexia, Cachexy: morbid condition, vitiated con- stitution. Calendula: plant flower, marigold; German—Gold- blume, Ringelblume. Caloric: principle of heat, or simple element of heat Camphora, Camphor: a solid concrete juice, resin, a powerful diaphoretic. Capitis: of the head—Caput: the head, wry neck. Capsicum: Cayenne pepper, Spanish pepper, bird pepper, &c. Carminitives: medicaments to remove flatulence, wind, bloating. Caruncle : small fleshy excresence, tubercles, sores. Catalepsia, Catalepsy: convulsive, sudden, nervou* attack of body and mind. Catamania: menses, monthly period with females. GLOSSARY. 33a Cataplasm, Poultico: a soft composition applied to wounds and sores. Cataract: opacity in the crystalline lense, vision im- paired by the pupil turning its color. Catarrh: inflammation of the mucus membrane of the air passages. Cathartic: purgative cleansing medicine to relax. Cellular tissue: netlike formation composed of cell*. Cephelalgia: common headache. Cephalitis: inflammation of the brain. Cerebral: pertaining to the brain. Chamomilla, Camomile; German—Feld Kamille. China, Cinchona: Peruvian bark; German—China- Rinde. Chlorosis: green sickness, green and pale color. Cholera: a disease attended with violent vomiting and purging, choleric. Cholerine: a milder kind of cholera, cholera morbus, colica, etc. Chorea : Sancti Viti, St. Vitus's dance. Chronic: long continued disease or habit. Chronothermalism: frictionued rubification, with small doses of medicine. Chyle: a white fluid entering the vascular system, from the thoracic duct. Cicatrix, Cicatrization: scar left from the healing of a wound, the adhesion. Cina, Medical: mugwort, artemisia Judaica; Ger- man—Zitwer-Saamen, Cina-Saamen. 334 GLOSSARY. Climacteric: period of organic change in females, ces- sation of menstrual functions. Clinical: pertaining to the sick chamber, practical medicine. Cochiearia Officinalis: herbal, winter lettuce; German —Lceffelkraut, Scharbock-Kraut. Coitus, Coition: act of venery, copulation. Compress: folded lint used in dressing wounds, or making lint pressure. Conception: first stage of utero-gestation. Congestion: over-fulness of the blood vessels. Conjunctiva : lining of the eye lids, external coat of the eye ball. Constipation: costiveness, hard seldom stool. Contagion, Contagious: propagation of disease by contact, catching. Contusion : bruise from fall or knock. Convalescent: recovering from disease or sickness. Copulation: coition, sexual intercourse. Cornus Circinata: medical osier ; German—Kina- kina, Nord Amerikanischer Chinabaum. Coryza: cold in the head, acrid flowing from the nose. Cranium: skull, of the top of the head. Crepitation: rattling, grating sensation in the lungs and air passages. Crisis, Critical: the acme of disease, turning point of crisis. Crocus: herbal saffron; German—Gemeiner bester Safron. GLOSSARY. 335 Crusta Lactea: scald head, milk crust. Curative: tendency to restore health. Custom house: the house where masters of vessels enter to pay their custom, tariff, or tax. Cutaneous: pertaining to the skin or surface princi- pally. Cynanche: disease of the throat, croup, quinsy, mumps, putrid sore throat. Cystitis: inflammation of the bladder. Decoction: vegetable substance boiled to obtain the virtue. Deglutition: the act of swallowing. Delirium: derangement of the mental functions. Dentition : process of cutting teeth. Denudation, Denuded: the act of laying bare the bone. Depilation: falling of the hair, baldheadcdness. Depletion: abstraction of the fluids, as by bleeding. Diabetes: morbid secretion of urine, excessive and morbid discharge. Diagnosis : discrimination of maladies and symptoms of diseases. Diaphoretics, Diaphoresis: remedies intended to in- duce sweating or increase it. Diaphragm: midriff, muscular partition between the thorax and abdomen. Diarrhoea: looseness of the bowels, laxative. Diathesis: constitutional tendency, hereditary. 836 GLOSSARY. Dietetic: pertaining to diet, eating. Diuretic: medicine which increases the secretion of urine. Dorsal, Dorsum: pertaining to the back or poste- rior parts. Duodenum: the first part of the intestines next to stomach. Dulcamarra: remedy, bittersweet; German—Bitter- suesz, Nachtschatten. Dysecoia : deafness, hard of hearing. Dysentery, Dysenteria: the intestines evacuate bloo- dy and mucus stools. Dysmenorrhoea: painful menstruation. Dysorexia: depraved appetite, lassitude. Dyspepsy, Dyspepsia: weakness of digestion. Dyspnoea: difficult breathing, shortness of breath. Dysuria: painful micturition, difficult passing urine. Eclampsia: puerperal convulsions. Effluvia: impure exhalations of foul air. Effusion: escape of fluids, extravasation. Elaborate: wrought with labor, diligence, executed with exactness. Elephantiasis: tubercles lepra, nodous swellings of the armpits, groins, and face. Emaciation: wasting away of flesh. Emetic: medicine to produce vomiting. Emission: discharge of semen, &c. Emmenagogue: designed to aid menstruation. GLOSSARY. 38f Emollient: soothing, softening, to abate misery. Empirical: practice based on experience alone. Emulsion: a milk-like mixture, cooling drink. Encephalitis: inflammation of the brain and mem- brane. Endemic : peculiar to a circumscribed locality. Enema: clyster, injection. Enteritis: inflammation of the bowels. Ephealtes: night mare, suffocative numbness- Epidemic : a general pervading disease. Epigastric, Epigastrum: pcstaining to the stomaeh. Epilepsy, Epilepsia: fulling sickness, or fits. Epistaxis: bleeding from the nose. Erethismus, Erethism : constitutional irritation, great commotion. Eructation: belching, rising up of wind from the stomach. Erysipelas: St. Anthony's fire, an inflammatory cn- taneous disease. Eschar: dry slough, scab occasioned by a burn. Eupatorium: herbal bcrcset, thoroughwort, ago* weed; German— Durchwachs, Fiebcrkraut Evacuation : discharge by natural stool. Bversion, Everted: turning cutward, discharge. Exacerbation: aggravation by fever, &c. Exanthema, plural, Exanthemata: cutaneous ernp tion. Excoriation: abrasion of tho skin, galling, stripping off. • 338 GLOSSARY. Excresence: a morbid growth as a fungus, superflu- ous growing. Expectoration: discharge of any matter from the chest, as mucus, pus, &c. Expiration: expulsion of air from the lungs. Facial: pertaining to the face. Faeces : excrements, also sediment after infusion or distillation. Farinaceous : mealy, like flour, pertaining to meal. Fauces: throat, deglutition. Febrifuge: remedial agent to subdue fever. Febrile : pertaining to fevers, febris. Fibre, Fibrin: the filamentous portion sf muscle, fringe-like. Financial: pertainingto tho public revenue, treasury. Fistula: tubular ulcer. Flaccid: relaxed soft, easy to expand. Fluor Albus: whites, leucorrhcca. Foetus: young animals in the uterus. Fomentation: outward application to assuage or ease pain. Forearm: between the wrist and elbow. Formication: sensation as of ants creeping over the parts. Functional; pertaining the office or action of an or- gan. Fungus: spongy, fleshy excresence, proud flesh, or galling. • GLOSSARY. 339 Furfuraceous: like bran, scaling off in small scabs. Fuijunculus: carbuncle, boil. Galactorrhoea: excessive lactation, inordinate flow of milk. Ganglion, plural, Ganglia: grayish knot or swelling along the course of the nerves. Gangrene: mortification, putrid inflammation. Gastralgia: spasms of the stomach. Gastric: belonging to the stomach. Gastritis: inflammation of tho stomach. Gastrosis: a disease of the stomach. Genital: pertaining to generation, sexual. Gestation: pregnancy, from conception to delivery. Glands: small secretory bodies in various parts of the system. Glandular: relating to the glands, muscular vessels of the throat, &c. Globules : small round pellets, or particles, red cor- puscles of the blood. Glossitis : inflammation of the tongue. Glottis : opening into the windpipe at the larynx. Goitre: enlargement of the thyroid gland of the neck. Gonitis: inflammation of the knee. Gonorrhoea: infectious discharge from the urethra, clap, &c. Granulation: th*e process of healing by connexion of the fleshy parts. Grippe: epidemic influenza, catarrhus inflammation. $40 GLOSSARY. Hoematemesis: vomiting of blood. Hsematuria: hemorrhage from the bladder. Haemoptoi, Haemoptysis: expectoration of blood, spitting. Hemorrhoidal: blood vessels about the anus, inflam- ed and sore. Hemorrhoids: piles, the discharge of blood with pain, emerods. Hectic, debilitating and emaciating fever. Helminthiasis: worm disease, or effects '.'rom worms. Hemiplegia: paralysis of one side of the body. Hemiopia: imperfect sight, semi-vision, Hemispheres: the symmetrical halves of the cere- brum. Hemorrhage: morbid flow of blood. Hepatitis: inflammation of the liver. Hepatic ; pertaining to the liver. Hernia; rupture, protrusion of viscera, burst of lig- ments. Herpes; certain cutaneous eruptions destroying the skin. Herpes Circinnatus; ringworm, eruption in spots. Homoeopathy; cures founded on the principle similia similibus curantur. Humural; belonging to the upper arm. Hydrarthrus; white swelling, spina ventosa. Hydatid; species of intestinal wormsj serous vesicles- Hydrargyrosis; mercurial disease, or cachexia. Hydrocele; dropsy in the tunica, vaginalis testis. GLOSSARY. 341 Hydrocephalis; water on the brain, dropsy in the head. Hydropathy, Hydriatrica; water cure, water appli- cations for health. Hydrophobia ; dread of water with convulsions from the bite of a rabid animal. Hydrothorax, Ilydrosarca, Anasarca: dropsy in the chest. Hypertrophy ; morbid enlargement of on organ. Hypochondrium ; region under the false ribs. Hypochondriasis; melancholy, spleen, disease. Hypogastrium, Hypogastric; the lower anterior part of the abdomen. Hysteralgia: pain in the womb. Hysteritis; inflammation of the womb, nervous af- fection. Hysteroule; falling of the womb, prolapsus uteri. Ichor; fetid watery discharge from wounds, &c. Icterus ; jaundice, albus chlorosis, yellow skin. Idiopathic; primary original disease. Iliac; pertaining to the ileum and ilium, the side bona of the pelvis. Immobility, Stiffness; incapable of motion, paralytic Imponderabilia; agents having no sensible weight Impotence; powerlessness, inability to perform an embrace. Incontinence; involuntary passage of urine, inability to retain semen. H42 GLOSSARY. Incubus; nightmare, an oppression of the breast in Bleep. indigestion ; weakened unhealthy stomach, nuuseous- ness. Infection; propagation of disease by miasm or con- tact. Inferior; lower in rank or society, below. Infiltration; the act of entering the pores by fluids into the cellular tissue. Inflation; filling with air, distention with flatus. Inguinal; belonging to the groin. Inoculation; insertion of contagious virus beneath the cuticle. Inspiration; inhalation, drawing air into the lungs. Integuments; covering of any part of the body, as the skin, fat, &c. Intestines; the bowels in the abdomen. Iris; circle around the pupil of the eye. Iodine, Iodium ; German—Iodin, Barchstoff, medi- cal. Irritability; contractility of the solids, susceptibility of excitement, feeling. Iscuria; suppression of urine, difficult micturition. Jactitation; tossing about, restlessness, twitching. Jaundice; a bilious disease inducing yellowness of the skin. J ugulars; large veins in the neck and throat. Labial, Labia; lips, belonging to the lips. GLOSSARY. 343 Laceration; tearing the solids of the flesh. Lachrimation; profuse discharge of water from the eyes. Lactation; secretion of milk, suckling plenteous. Lactiferous; milk-carrying vessels. Lancinating; sharp, shooting pain. Languor; relaxation, debility, lassitude. Laryngetis; inflammation of the larynx. Larynx, upper part of the windpipe. Lateritious ; sediment in the urine like brickdust. Laxative; gently purgative; looseness of the bowels. Lethargy; stupor, continued sleepiness. Leueophlegmatic; torpid or sluggish temperament. Leucorrhoea; whites, fluor albus. Lichen ; a papular cutaneous eruption. Ligament; bandage, binding lacerated wounds. Lochia; flow of blood from the womb after delivery. Lumbar: petaining to the loins. Lumbricus, plural, Lumbrici; round worms in the intestines. Lupulus; common hop, German—Gemeine Hopfen. Luxation; dislocation, out of joint. Lymph; a thin liquid conveyed to the thoracic duct Lymphatics; vessels carrying lymph, colorless fluid. Lymphatic; pertaining to the absorbent system Malar; pertaining to the cheek. Malaria ; infectious effluvia. Mamma, plural, Mammae; the female breast. g44 GLOSSARY. Mammilla; the nipple. Mania; insanity, madness. Marasmus; wasting away of the body, emaciation, atrophy. Mastication; chewing food for nourishment. Masturbation ; onanism, artificial excitement of the genital organs. Materia Medica; substances employed medicinally. Maxillary; pertaining to the jaws. Medicament: a remedial agent to cure diseases. Medullary, Medulla: marrow in the bones and per- taining thereto. Melancholia: hypochondriasis, insanity and from morbid exaltations of the religious faculties. Menochesia: feeble menstruation in females. Menodosia: critical age of women. Menorrhagia: excessive menstruation. Menostasis: cessation of the menses. Menstrual flux, Menstruation, Menses: monthly cour- ses. Meningitis: inflammation of the membranes of tho brain, etc. Meteorismus, Meteorism: extreme inflation of the intestines. Metralgia: uterine spasmodic pain. Metritis: inflammation of the womb, hysteritis. Metorrhagia: uterine hemorrhage, discharge of blood from the womb. Miasm: morbific effluvia from swamps, eto. GLOSSARY. 846 Micturition: urination, free flow of urine. Miliaria: eruption of small transparent vesicles, scar- let rash. Molares, Molar: teeth, large teeth, grinders. Morbid: diseased, sick, numb, want of vitality. Morbilli: measles, vesicular eruptions. Mucous Membrane : the lining of the cavities, com- municating with the air. Mucus: the secretion from the mucous membranes, the mouth, throat, etc. Myelitis: inflammation of the spinal marrow. Narcotic: stupefying, producing sleep, opiate, etc. Narcotism: belonging to the nose. Nausea: qualmishness, sickness of the stomach. Nephralgia: pain in the kidneys. Nephritis: inflammation of the kidneys. Neuralgia: nervous pain. Noctambulatio, Somnambulism: sleep walking, etc. Nosology: classification of diseases. Nostalgia: home sickness. Natalgia : pain in the loins. Nymphomania: uterine furor, excessive venereal de- sire. Obstipatio: constipation, costiveness. Occiput; posterior part of the head. Odontalgia; toothache. (Edema tumefaction, dropsical swelling. 346 GLOSSARY. Omentitis; inflammation of the omentum, covering of the bowels, epiploon. Onanism; artificial excitement of the sexual organs, masturbation. Onychia; whitlow, abscess near the finger nail. Ophthalmia; inflammation of the eye, especially the conjunctiva. Orbital; pertaining to the orbit, the cavity of the eye. Orchitis; inflammation of the testicles, orchis, or- chia, testicle, scrotum. Organic; pertaining to the organs of the body, struc- tural. Orthopnoea; difficult respiration, or breath. Ostalgia; pain in the bone. Otalgia; earache, pain extending into the head. Otitis; inflammation of the ear. Oterrhcea; running from the ear. Ovarian, Ovario; whence the ova pass through the fallopian tubes into the uterus. Ovate; egg shaped oblong. Ozoena; ulcerative destruction of the schneiderian membrane. Palliative; medicines affording relief only, not cura- tive. Palpitatio Cordis; palpitation of the heart. Panacea; a universal remedy, called to be. Panaris ; panaritium, paronychia, whitlow. Popular; abounding in principles. GLOSSARY. 347 Paralysis, Palsy; loss of motion or sensation. Paraplagia; paraplcxia, paralysis of the lower half of the body. Parotid Glands; salivary glands beneath the ears. Parotitis ; mumps, inflammation of the parotid glands. Paroxysm; periodical fit of a disease, spasms, &c. Parturition; child-birth, delivery. Pathogenetic,; relating to the action of drugs upon the healthy organism. Pathology; doctrine of the nature of diseases. Pectoral; pertaining to the chest. Pelvis; basin shaped cavity, formed by the sacrum. Pemphigus; vesicular eruption, with or without fever. Pericarditis, Pericardium; inflammation of the sac containing the heart. Periostitis ; inflammation of . the pereosteum, the membrane of the bone. Peripneumonia ; inflammation of the lungs and pleu- ra. Peritonitis ; inflammation of the peritoneum, serous membrane lining the abdomen. Pertusis; whooping cough, violent protracted spasms of cough. Pharynx; throat, upper part of the gullet. Phlegmasia albe dolens; milking, inflammation. Phlegmatic; leucophlcgmatic. Photophobia; intolerance of light, insanity induced by light. Phrenitis; inflammation of the brain. 348 GLOSSARY. Phthiriasis; lice disease, pediculatio. Phthisis; consumptive decay, tabes, consumption. Pityriasis; dandruff, branlikc scales on the scull or scalp. Placenta; the afterbirth. Plethora; overfulness of the blood vessels, repletion. Pleura; lining membrane of the thorax, investing also the lungs. • Pleuralgia; acute pain in the Bide, Pleurodinia. PleuritiB Pleurisy; inflammation of the pleura. Pneumonia, pneumonitis; inflammation of the lung*. Podagra ; gout, great pain in the extremeties of th« body. Polypus; soft tumor in the nose, uterus, etc., attach- ed by a pedical. Posterior nares; the opening of the narcs of the nos- trils, into the fauces. Post Mortem; by disection found after death. Prepuce forskin of the penis. Proctalgia; pain in the rectum, or inflammation. Prognosis; act of foretelling results in disease. Prolapsus; uteric protrusion of the anus, falling of the womb. Prosopalgia; face ache inflammatory. Prostatitis; inflammation of the prostate gland. Psoitis; inflammation of the psoas muscle, lumbar abscess. Psora, Psoratic; one of the three chronic miasms, says Hahnemann. GLOSSARY. 341 Psoriasis; cutaneous disease, with a rough and scaly state of the cuticle. Psoraphthalmia; inflammation of the eye, attended with itching. Puerperal; pertaining to tho child-bed. Pulsation, Pulsatio; throbbing, beating of the heart Purulent; composed of pus. Pustula; a pimple containing pus or crcam-like mat- ter. Pyrexia; hot stage of fever. Pyrosis; heartburn eructation. Quartan; intermittent fever recurring on the fourth day. Quinsy; inflammatory sore throat. Quintana ; intermittent recuring every fifth day. Quotidian; intermittent fever recurring every day. Rabies, Hydrophobia; madness from the bite of a rabid animal. Rachialgia; acute pain in the spine. Rachitis; rickets, affect of children, causes their joints and limbs to grow crooked. Radius; upper bone of the forearm, RadiaL Rancid ; stale musty rank. Rausitas; hoarsness, catarrhus. Rectum ; straight gut terminating at the anus. Regurgitation; return of food or drink truck th* stomach. 366 GLOSSARY. Remittent; a class of fevers, without intermission. Renal; belonging to the redness. Repletion; fullness of blood or food. Respiration; the act of breathing. Retention; stoppage of natural discharges, as urine. Rhagades ; chaps in hands or skin. Rheumatalgia; chronic rheumatism. Rigidity; stiffness, out of motion. Rigor; chilliness with more or less of shivering, the cold stage of fevers. Rosoela; eruption of small red pimples, rash. Rubefacient; producing redness when applied to the skin. Rubcela; measles, contagious disease of the human body. Sacrum, Sacral; posterior bone of the pelvis, on which the spine rests. Saliva; spittle, secretion from the saliva glands of the mouth. Sanguineous; consisting of blood, full plethoric red color. Satyriasis; excessive sexual inclination. Scabios ; psora, itch eruption, watery itch, &c Sciatica; rheumatic affection of the hip joint Scirrhus; indolent hard, glandular tumor cancerous Schneiderian; petuitary membraneous lining of the nose Scorbutus, Scurvy; psoric affection GLOSSARY. 351 Srcophulosis : scrofulous, scrofula, kingsevil Semen ; spasmodic fluid, seed of the male Serum ; portion of the blood, serous Siuciput; forepart of the head Singultus; hickup, hiccough Spasm; morbid contraction of muscles Specific ; a remedy possessing definite curative pro- perties Ppinal; pertaining to the spine or vertebral column Spleen; an organ in the left hypochondrium. Spleenalgia, Splenitis; pain and inflammation in the spleen. Sporadic; arising from an occasional cause not epi- demic. Sputa, Spittle ; sputum cruentum, bloody expectora- tion. St. Anthony's Fire; erysipelas. Sternum; the breast bone, sternal. Stomacace; putrid sore mouth. Stranguary; painful or suppressed urination. Struma, Scrofula; king's evil, strumous, the nature of struma. Stupor; drowsiness, morbid action. Styptic; astringent, designed to arrest bleeding. Sudorifics ; medicines to produce sweating. Sugillation ; extravasated blood caused by a bruise. Superior; upper, above, etc. Suppression; artificial arrest of a discharge, or re- moval of an eruption. 152 GLOSSARY. Suppuration; production of pus, as in inflammatory tumors. Surditas ; deafness, hardness of hearing. Symphisis; union of bones, as the pubic, &c. Symptomatic; constituting a symptom. Symptomatology; description of symptoms. Syncope: fainting, swooning. Synocha, Synochus; inflammatory fever, erethic fever » Syphilis, Syphiloid; resembling syphilis, lues vene- rea. Tabes; wasting, as in hectic fever, or wasting of the spinal marrow. Taenia; tape worm. Tenesmus, painful ineffectual urging to stool. Terminal; extreme, situated at the end of a branch Tertian; intermittent, returning the third day. Ternate; three together, as the leaves of clover. Testes; the testicles of the scrotum. Tetanus; locked jaw, trismus, spasmodic, rigidity of the parts. Tetter; herpetic eruption. Therapeutic; relating to the cure of disease by reme- dial agents. Thomsonianism; medicine prepared from herbs, roots, steam, &c. Thoracic; belonging to the chest. Thorax; the chest. Thyroid gland; near the thyroid cartilage, part of the larynx. GLOSSARY. 859 Tibia; large bone of the lower leg. Tinea facia; milk crust, milk scab, ring worm, scald head. Titillation ; tickling in the larynx, cough. Tonics; medicine intended to increase the tone of the muscles. Tonsilitis; inflammation of the tonsils, glands on each side of the throat. Topical; local to the part. Torpor; inactivity, dulness. Toxicology; description of poisons and their effects. Tracheal, Trachea; windpipe, belonging to it. Tracheitis; inflammation of the mucus membrane, croup, &c. Transudation; passage of the fluids through the membranes Traumatic ; morbid condition arising in part from wounds Tremor ; trembling, uneasiness, crawling sensation Trismus; locked jaw, stiffness and pain in the jaw joints Trituration ; rubbbing down a substance in a mortar until minutely divided Tubercle ; in pathology, small, round, yellowish gray deposites in pimples, &c Tumefaction ; swelling from bruise Tumor, Tumid ; a swelling, swollen, distended Turbidity ; cloudiness, muddiness, turbid, &c Tussis; cough, convulsive titillation, catarrhal, dry, whooping cough 364 GLOSSARY. Tympanitis; flatulent distention of the abdomen, in- flammation of, &c Tvphomania; delirium with stupor, numbness, etc Typhoid; resembling typhus Umbilical, Umbilicus; the navel, the navel string Urethra ; the urinary canal, from the bladder, mic- turition Urticaria; nettle-rash Uterine; pertaining to the womb Uterus; womb Utero-gestation; pregnancy Vaccination; the prophylactic application of cow-pox virus Vagina; passage from the labia pudendi to tho uterus Varioloid ; milder form of small pox, from vaccina- tion Vascular; pertaining to vessels, particularly the blood vessels Venesection; blood-letting, bleeding Venery ; excessive sexual indulgence Vermes; worms Verminous ; pertaining to worms Vertebrul; belonging to the spine Vertebra; bone of the spine Vertigo ; giddiness, dizziness, &c Vesicle; watery, bladder like eruption, blister Vinum ; wine, of grape, &c GLOSSARY. 855 Virus; contagious matter, venom, poison, etc Vomica; abscess in the lungs Vomiturition; retching, ineffectual attempt to vomit Wen ; an indolent tumor, goitre Whites ; fluor albus, leucorrhcea Whitlow; abscess of the finger-ends Zona; shingles, belt shaped eruption around the limb or body Zygnoma, Zygnomatic; the bony yoke, connecting tho malar and temporal bones. .;'* 1 INDEX. ALPHABETICAL INDEX FOR PERSONS. Page. % few symptoms and curative medicines for persons 10 Angelica, Archangelica, garden Angelica, Ger- man,—Engelwurzel 269 Alcohol, (spir. vini,) German—Weingeist 264 Anasarca, or dropsy ascitis 37 Angina, inflammation of the throat 30- Antioor or tumors 38 Appendix 816 Arnica Montana, German—Wolferlei 270 Artemisia, Mugwort, German—Gemeiner Beifusz 272 Asafoetida, German—Teufelsdreck, Stinkender Asand 278 ajearum, German—Hazelwnrzel 273s Arum M. Indian turnip; German—Aaron Zwibel 274s 358 INDEX FOR PERSONS. Page. Bleeding of the nose, hemorrhage 20 Boils, warts and corns 33 Burns, scalds and chilblains 33 Calendula, marigold, German Goldblume, Rin- gelblume 275 Camphora, Camphor. German—Kampfer l'70 Capsicum, Cayenne pepper; Germ.—Spanischer Pfeffer " . 276 Chamomilla, Camomile. German—Kamille 277 China, cinchona, Peruvian bark. German—Chi- na, Chinarmde 270 Cina, Artemisia Judaica. German—Cinasaamen 280 Coffea, raw coffee. , German—Roher Kaffee 202 Cochiearia officinalis, winter lettuce, German— Gemeines Lceffelkraut 281 Concussion of the brain 7 Concussion of the breast 8 Concussion of the intestines and spinal marrow 8 Contusion of the external parts 9 Cold in the head and toothache -1 Convulsions in children (fits) 21 Cornus circinata, osier. German—Nord-Ameri- kanischer Chinabaum 283 Cough and hoarseness 30 Crocus sativus, saffron. German—Safron 284 Diseases of the Stomach and body 22 INDEX FOR PERSONS. 359 Page. Diarrhoea, purging 28 Dulcamarra, bittersweet. German—Bittersuesz 285 Dyspepsia, and constipation 29 Erysipelas, nettle-rash 26 Eupatorium, boneset. German—Wasserdost 286 Exanthemes, eruption 35 Headache, cephelalgia 19 Hysopus, hysop. German—Isop 326 Iodium, Iodine. German—Barchstoff 286 Intermittent and chill fevers 27 Ipecacuanha. German—Brechwurzel 288 Lobelia, inflata, Indian tobacco. German— Lobilienkraut 291 l>avender, lavcndula, spica. German—Lavendel 327 LupuluB, common hop. German—Hopfen 292 Mental diseases, melancholy, &c 34 Mercurial preparations 293 Nervous, and yellow fever 28 Opium, white poppy. German—Mohnsaft 297 Preliminary remarks, by the compiler 5 Piles, (hemorrhoids,) and jaundice 27 B* INDEX FOR PERSONS. Pag*- Populus balsamifara, Oil-tree. German—CB1- baum von Gilead 291 Pulsatilla, windflower. German—Kuechen Schello299 Preparation of Glonoine 800 Rheumatism, and gout 31 Rheum, rhubarb. German—Rhabarber 301 Ruta Graveolcns, common rue. German—Ge« meine Raute, Garten Raute 303 Sambucus, elder-tree. German—Flieder 808 Sangninaria, Indian puccoon. German—Roth- wurzel, Blutwurzel 304 Scarlet fever, and measles, Rubeolea 25 Secale cornutum, ergot of rye. German—Mut- terkorn 805 Senega, rattle snake. German—Senega Wurzel 306 Solanum, tomato. German—Liebes Apfel 807 Sore breasts, and whitlow or (paronqchia) 82 Sulphur, sulphuric acid, fluor sulphur. Ger- man—Schwefel Soeure nnd bluethe 807 Toothache, odontalgia 22 Tanacetum, common tansy, German—Gemei- ner Rainfarn 310 Taraxacum, dandelion, German—Loewcnzahn 311 Tabacum, tobacco, German—Tabac 3M Terebinthea, turpentine, German—Terpentia 313 INDEX FOR HORSES. 361 Page. Teucrium, wall germander, German Katzen- kraut 313 Thea Sinensis, imperial green tea. German— Chinesischer Thee, Gruener-oder Kaiserthee 313 Vomiting and flatulence 2:1 Worms, lumbrici, ascarides 24 Wounds and bruises ')" ALPHABETICAL INDEX FOR HORSES. A few symptoms and curatives for horses 3fi Abortion, miscarriage or discharge of young .r>8 Anasarca or dropsy, serous watery swelling 37 Anticor or tumors, inflammatory on the chest 38 Atrophy, sweney, tabes, wasting on certain por- tions QCt Bruise of the sole which causes limping 68 Burns and scalds from fire or water 41 Bursal enlargement or indolent swellings 66 ('nitration, altering to unfruitfulncss 41 Contusion or bruises 41 Catarrh, cold, cough, &c. 50 Catarrhal fever from cold after fatigue 6S Contracted hoof, nar.-owing of the heel fly 11 INDEX FOR HORSES. l'age Depraved appetite, indigestion 52 Diarrhoea or purging -"" Exanthemes, eruption $•'■ farcy, herpes, eruption 'jl Fatigue, weakness, weariness e< Fistula of the withers, tumor, eruptive matter 4:i Founder, inflammation of the tendons and muscles"!) fungus, tumor, carbuncle, caused by pressure 3s Gastritis, inflammation of the stomach ■>■> Glanders, purulent grumous mucus discharge from the nose ^ Hemorrhage, blood flowing from any unnatural parts ' ' Hemoptosis, hemorrhage from the nose •' '• Hernia, rupture, bursts, &c. 5'» Hydrothorax, dropsy of the chest -'1 inflammations, febrile affections n- Indigestion, weakened unhealthy stomach ->7 Incontinence of urine, too oft micturition • >'•' Inflammatory fever, heat and chills CI Kidney, pains of, weakness in the back, &c. 59 Loss of appetite, indigestion 53 INDEX FOR HORSES. 36:5 Page. Nephritis, affections of the kidneys 5H • Edematous swelling, scratches 38 Ophthalmia, inflammation of the eye 40 l'hthiriasis, lice, vermin 30 Parturition, delivery, birth, foaling, foal 5S Parotidis, inflammation of the large salivary gland 60 Poll-Evil, corruptive tumor behind the ears 4'' Putrid fever, debility, febrile shiverings 01 Rabies, hydrophobia, madness 74 Rheumatism, neuralgia, pain 68 Respiration, heaves, windbroken 60 Ringbone, hard wen-like tumor below the pastern joint 4:! Sanguinous tumor, bloody furuncles 40 Satyriasis, immoderate venereal appetite or desire 60 Spavin, tumor and stiffness in the knee joint 44 Splint, spasms of lameness from a hard crest on the knee joint 44 Sprain in the fetlock joint, and of the loins 45 Straining in the shoulders, stiffness and lameness 46 Strain of the haunch, hip joint 47 Sting of bees or wasps 47 Sterility, unfruitfulness 69 strangles, weakness, white mucus from the nese 63 S61 INDEX FOR CATTLE. ■ Page. Swelling of the kneo 48 Swelling of the teats and udder 3'J Tetters, pimples, eruption, &o. 4 366 INDEX FOR CATTLE. Hydrothorax, dropsy of the chest, water in the chest 101 Inflammation of udder, red painful swelling 00 Indigestion, weak debilitated stomach 106 Itch or mange, itchy eruption in the skin 96 Jaundice, yellow tint of the skin, mouth & eyes 106 Kine pock, psora eruption, watery vesicles, itch- ing 90 Luxation, dislocation, out of joint 85 Madness, rabid, hydrophobia, water delirium 85 Marasmus, wasting away, sweney emaciation, atrophy *0 Nephritis, inflammation of the kidneys 112 Ophthalmia, affection of the eye dull and watery 98 Puerperal fever, febrile affection after delivery or birth 8.1 Parturition, the act of delivery, calving, &c 11;' Phthiriasis, lice disease, pediculatio 97 Rheumatism, pain in the nerves, neuralgia 01 Retention of urine, stoppage of natural discharge 117 Rumination, to chew their cud, or masticate, the second time 02 INDEX FOR SHEEP. 867 Page. Splenitis, inflammation of the spleen, brownish color of the tongue 108 Sprain or strains, to stretch or overstrain the ligaments of the joints 92 Strain of the shoulder, haunch and loins 120 Swelling of the thigh and knees 121 Tubercles and tumors, boils, swelling, galling, &c 9J Teats and udder, diseases of 114 Vertigo, pain, giddiness and dizziness in the head 99 Wounds and lacerations, to break or cut the surface 93 Warts, knobby caruncles on the skin, rough and chapped 116 Wounds, cracks and chaps, on teats and udder 11(5 ALPHABETICAL COMPENDIUM ON SHEEP. A condensed treatise on sheep, 122 An excellent wash to make sheep healthy 227 Allopathic preparations for cures of diseased sheep 200 Alpaca or Peruvian sheep 144 Anorexia, diminuiton of appetite, indigestion L'&O Apoplexia, dormant, deprived of proper sensation paralyzed 213 A purifying remedy for sheep 22."« Arlington sheep, long wooled Amerioan sheep 1:51 368 INDEX FOR SHEEP. Page. Balling and sacking wool, preparing for market 175 Blind staggers in sheep, wild looks, staggering 211 Bloatedness, hoove, wind colic 211 Braxy and stretches, bloated costiveness 222 Cachexia, (Agnosa) chronic weakness from long disease or medicine 232 Castration, cautiously attended to, to prevent generation 199 Colic of constipation and cold 24-"> Conception time, to receive, to generate 190 Constipation, hardness of stool, costivenesss 24n Care needed for sheep to preserve their health 14"> Cassimere sheep, fine sheep of Thibet in India 142 Cotswold or Teeswater, mixed coarse large breeds of England 142 Coryza, watery runing at the nose, after cold or exposure 247-210 Cures of diseases in sheep, different means em- ployed for health 20; i Description of the good qualities of a Saxony buck 178 Diarrhoea, scours, laxativeness in sheep 247-221 Different modes for washing sheep, for cleanliness 10S Dizziness and dysentery, the former staggering the latter flux, bloody evacuations 248-240 Different tribes, breeds and qualities of sheep DM Disease of blood, sang de rate, serufulus Wood 231 Disease of the brain, spinal marrow, kidneys, &c. 122 INDEX FOR SHEEP. 369 Page. Dog preventive, to prevent dogs from tearing sheep 228 Encephalitis, is sometimes caused from the rays of the sun and other causes 250 Enteritis and gastritis, inflammatory colic, &c. 251 Experiments on feeding sheep by Mr. Avery 166 Erysipelas, red, thiek, inflammatory skin 225 Epilepsia,-vertigo, staggering walk, falling, trem- bling, &c. ' 234 Extracts of letters from Messrs. Wm. Pierce and A. Yant 123-126 " 'L 11. Livingston and J. M. Beimler 13C-134 " •' Cuvier and Hilare 143 " •' A. L. Morrel and Hon. Wm. Jarvis 145-2U9 " •• J. Rabel and Mr. Brownlee 202-211 F.tll management of sheep 190 Fine sheep aud heavy fleeces 183 Folding sheep in autumn 191 Foot rot in sheep, cure for 209 Foundering, causes them to walk slowly, with appetite impaired 235 Fractures of the bones, ligaments, &c. 13t; (i ad fly. The larvae of the gad fly penetrates the sinus of tho noso 237 370 INDEX FOR SHEEP. Page. Grub in the head, from the gad fly, proves inju- rious 214-21.- Good fine hay, how to cure and preserve 201 Hematuria, (red water,) a discharge of bloody o-.i urine -°l Hepatitis, inflammation of the liver or watery cachexia *••'- Hoove, distention of the stomach, bloating 221 Hydrophobia or maduess, rabid, ferocious, ceases to eat and drink 23>i Inflammatory fever, in hot weather by exposure 231 Inflammation of the brain, congestion to the head 220 Insects, bites of, ticks and lice, vermin, &c. 23> Itch, eruptive, extremely contagious 241 Johnswort scab or itch, irritation of the skin 226 Lands adapted for sheep of different breeds 152 Large sheep, Cotswold, Lincoln, Leicester, &c. 184 Leicester sheep, quality of 141 Lincolnshire sheep, their grade and quality 141 Luxation, dislocation of joints 23* Many shifts made for sheep 195 Maggots, vermin from the nits of flie* 226 Merino sheep and varieties 130 INDEX FOR SHEEP. 371 Pag*. Most profitable sheep to different persons and climates, &c. 134 Nephritis, inflammation of the kidneys 2V_; Nutriment of food and its difference 193 Otter sheep, an American species with very short legs 134 Overheating from fatigue in warm weather 22*5 Pelt rot, falling off of the fleece and wool 227 Preparing for winter fodder, &c. 1*7 Preparations for keeping sheep 14* Protection and feeding of sheep 155 Profitable crossing and breeding of sheep 1*1 Red water, hgeraatura, bloody hemorrhage from the urinary organs 22* Recommendations by tho compiler 170 Rolling the fleeces for market 173 Rot in sheep from want of cleanliness, swelling u::der the chin 217 Scab and itch in sheep, itchy humor 210-223-24-239 Scour-j or diarrhoea in sheep, continual loose- ness 218-'19-'2n Samples ivnd different fineness of wool 182 Separation necessary, according to Btreiigth and s»x iw 372 INDEX FOR SHEEP. Selection and breeding of profitable sheep Sheep louse, how to destroy the tick Sore mouth, swelling of the lips, &c. Sorting and marking of sheep Southdown sheep, breed of Sowing corn fodder for sheep Summer fattening of sheep Stretches or dryness of alimentary canals Swelling of teats with inflammation Tagging and shearing of wool and sheep The change of provisions necessary The best method of cutting fodder The publisher's assertion of good advice Ticks on lambs or sheep, how to destroy To cure by allopathic preparations Ulcerated mouth (stomacace) sore, raw, &c. Washing, drying, and shearing Weaning of lambs, or separating from the ewes Winter fattening, secret of Wounds of the cleft of the foot ADDENDUM. A goodly number of our correspondents having solicited us to furnish them with information where good profitable sheep can be obtained, we subjoin the following list of successful wool growers: f Messrs. Binghams and Warners, of Cornwall, Vt. J Messrs. Bcddel, Rich, Sanford, Jarvis, Jewctt, and Pcttibone, of Vt. * Messrs. Burcliard, Jenison, Remilee, Wright, and Shorcham, of Vt. Messrs. S. Langdon & Squires, of New Haven, C. L. Smith, of Bristol, Vt. Messrs. C. Cook, of Charlotte, Henry S. Morse, of Shelburn, Vt. Messrs. Scovillc,|Grant, Sibley,rand Tenison, of N. H. Messrs. Whitman, Tuttlc, and Scoville, of Conn. Messrs. S. F. Church, S. B. Crocker, and Blackslee, of Conn. 12 S74 ADDENDUM. Messrs. D. C. Collins, and Parsons, of Riga, Conn. Messrs. A. Cock and J. Baily, of R. I. Mr. E. Holms, of Winthrop, Me. f Mr. G. Flowers & Co. of Ills. % Mr. M. R. Cockrill, of Nashville, Ten. Dr. W. H. Chaplin, of Wheeling, Va. Messrs. R. Allen, S. Patterson, H. W. Chaplin, R. Kelso, T. Patterson, of Va. Mr. W. Wardal, of Franklin, and Whitehead of la. X Messrs. S. T. Brownlee, J. Stephens, W. Moore, J. Woring, J A. Wortering, J. Brownlee, A. Man- chester, J. Clark, J. Ramsey, JS. Patterson, T. Miller, J. McKeefer, W. Dinsmore, J. Ewett, +J. Lee, J. Campbell, all of Washington co. Pa. Messrs. Mervin, Stanly, Hawkins, Myers, Hisey, and Hostetter, of Columbiana, 0. X Messrs. T. Reed, Fiekus and Miller, Wayne co. 0. X Messrs. A. Yant, S. Lahm, Hildebrand, Noble's heirs, T. Bowman, JJ. MeDowel, JJ. Niesz, H. Hull, JG. Sibert, B. C. Goodwill, Hoover, Ever- hard, JRauthrauff, and others, of Stark co. 0. Messrs. Beimler, Patterson, McEldery, Shrank, Hildt, and others, of Tuscarawas co. 0. Mr. J. P. Brooks and others of Licking co. 0. Messrs. Hooper, Myers, Brillhart, McFarland, and others of Marion co. 0. Messrs. f Kellar, Taylor, Stoolfire, and many more near Granville, Licking co. 0. Messrs. Perkins, Brown, Allen, and 8. Palmer, of Summit cw. 0. ADDENDUM. S75 Messrs. fKinsman, Baldwin, Bidwell, Powers, and others, of Trumbull co. 0. Messrs. Caufield, Montgomery, W. L. Thorn, and others, of Mahoning co. 0. Messrs. E. S. Rouse, C. Delano, and others, of Knox co. 0. Messrs. S. M. West, and others, of Seneca co. 0. Messrs. §J. Townshend, P. W. Hall, J. Worcester, and others, of Lorain co. 0. Mr. Geo. Smith, of Vienna, Clark co. 0. Mr. J. 0. Ware, of Champaign co. 0. Messrs. Todd and D. C. Jefferson, of Erie co. 0. Mr. II. Ladd, of Jefferson co. 0. Mr. W. S. Thorn, of Washington co. 0. Mr. N. Sawyer, of Cincinnati, Guadaloupe merinos at Lafayette, Madison co. 0. Messrs. C. Button :i:id II. Brindle, of Portage co. 0. Mr. J. Thomas, of Perry co. 0. Mr. E. Cattle, of Harrison co. 0. Mr. J. Forster, of Guernsey co. 0. .Messrs. J. Mosher, and others, of Morrow co. 0. Messrs. JL. A. Morrel, Spooner, and others, of Tomp- kins co. N. V. Messrs. J. Swift, Reed, Clifft, J. Lenox, and others, of Dutchess co. N. Y. Mr. gDunn, of Albany, N. Y. Messrs. Bags, Wait, and others, of Orange co. N. Y. Messrs. Sotham, Denne, S. Brownell, and others, of Chaut.-ni^uo co. N. Y. 376 ADDENDUM. Messrs. Rogers, Groves, Church, Crockee, anil oth- ers, of Ilenssalaer and Fulton cos. N. Y. Messrs. *H. S. Randall, Cowlen, Avery, and others, of Cortlandt co. N. Y. Messrs. R. Burritt, of Burdett, R. Avery, of Galway, Rotch, of Otsego, and Parsons, of Riga, N. Y. Messrs. fEllman, Bakewell, Hewers, |Cothers, Lord Western, (Kentish sheep,) JPalmer, J. Gould, and Grantham, of England. ;£Messrs. Carrs, of the Dutchy of Luxemburg, Bel- gium. J Hon. Henry Clay, W. Price, A. Grimes, of Kentucky. NOTES. X Fine Snxony.—f Paular Merinos.—* Southdowns. \ Cotswold, Lincoln, and Leicester. LABELS For the Dry Medicines contained in this Volume. 1 Aconitum nepellus 17 Dulcamarra solanum 2 Acid phosphorus 18 Hepar sulphuris 3 Antimonium crudum 19 Ipecacuanha 4 Arnica montana 20 Lycopodium 5 Arsenicum album 21 Mercurius viv 6 Belladonna 22 No.trum nitricum 7 Bryonia alba 23 Nux vomica 8 Calcaria carbonica 24 Opium 9 Cannabis 25 Pulsatilla 10 Calendula officinalis 26 Rhus toxicodendron 11 Cantharis 27 Secale cornutum 12 Cina 28 Sepia 13 Cimex lectularius 29 Sulphur 14 Conium 30 Veratrum 15 Chamomilla 31 Glonoine lb' China Angelica t Arnica t Balsamifera t Angelica t Angelica t Arnica t Arnica t Balsamifera t Balsamifera t Calendula t Calendula t Cornus Cir t Cornus Cirt Wahoo t Wahoo t Calendula t Cornus Cir. t Wahoo t Angelica t Angelica t Arnica t Arnica t Balsamifera t Balsamifera t Calendula t Calendula t Cornus Cir t Cornus Cir t Wahoo t Wahoo t LABELS For the Tinctures contained in this Volume. 1 Angelica t. 17 Ipecacuanha t 2 Arnica t. 18 Iodium t 8 Artemisia t. 19 Lobelia t 4 Asafcetida t. 20 Opium t 5 Assarum t. 21 Pulsatilla t 6 Balsamifera t. 22 Rheum t 7 Calendula t 23 Ruta Graveolena t 8 Camphora t 24 Secale cornutum t 9 Capsicum t 25 Sanguinaria t 10 Chamomilla t 26 Sulphur t 11 China t 27 Tanacetum t 12 Cinat 28 Taraxacum t 13 Gornus cir t 29 Terebinthea t 14 Crocus sat. t 30 Teucrium t 15 Dulcamarra t 31 Urtica Urens t 16 Eupatorium t 32 Wahoo t List of dry Medicines contained in this 1 Aconitum nepullus 12 Cina 2 Acid Phosphorus 13 Cimex lectularius 3 Antimonium crudum 14 Conium 4 Arnica Montana 5 Arsenicum album 6 Belladonna 7 Bryonia alba 8 Calcaria carbonica 9 Cannabis 15 Chamomilla 16 China officinalis 17 Dulcamarra solanum28 Sepia 18 Hepar sulphuris 29 Sulphur 19 Ipecacuanha 20 Lycopodium 23 Nux vomica 24 Opium 25 Pulsatilla 26 Rhus toxicodendron 27 Secale cornutum 10 Calendula officinalis 21 Mercurius viv 11 Cantharis 22 Natrum nitricum 30 Veratrum 31 Glonoine 32 m Ust of Tinctures contained in this Case Angelica t Arnica t Artemisia t Asafutida t Assarum t Balsamifera t Calendula t Camphora t Capsicum t Chamomilla t China t 12 13 1! 15 Cina t Cornus cir t Crocus Sat. t Dulcamarra t Eupatorium t 17 Ipecacuanhat IS I odium t 111 Lobelia t 2il Opium t 21 Pulsatilla t 22 Rheum t 23 Ruta Graveolena 21 Secale cornutum 25 Sanguinaria t 2d Sulphur t 27 Tanacctum t 28 Taraxacum t 29 Terebinthea t 30 Teucrium t 31 Urtica Urens t 32 Wahoo t GENERAL INDEX FOR PERSONS. PAGE Abortion or parturition 15 Afterbirth, (Placenta,) delayed 15 Ague fever, tertian and quotidian 288 Alcohol, what is, its usefulness and injury 264, 5-7 Angelica, medical virtues of are many 268, 9, 70 Arnica montana; 270,1,2 homceopathically prepared 12-13 pain in the breast, &c, 271 useful, with good effects on animals 14 a valuable remedy, before and after parturition 16 Asthma, suffocating spasms, &c. 288, 9, 91 Asthma, and catarrh 269 A table and explanations of medicine 8-15 Bronchitis ; tonsil swellings with mucus ex- pectoration 288 Baldness of cranium, hair reinstated, to grow 271, 2 Bleeding of the nose, &c 20-21 2 INDEX FOR PERSONS. Page. Boils, warts, and corns 83,4 Brain, concussion of, inflammation of the brain 15 Bleeding, of nose, pale face, hardness of hearing 289, 308 Breast, oppression of, with darting pains 279 Bilous affections, and suppression of menses 269 Bone ache, with aching and gnawing pain in liver and rectum 303 Bone ache, or breakbone fever, &c. 287 Burns, scalds and chilblains 33 Bowels, weight and shooting pains of 23 Burns and scalds, with affections of the lungs 814 Catarrhal affections and medical cachexia 284 Cachexia, produced by Arsenic, Iodine, China, &c. 287,8-9 Cholera morbus, infantum, &c. 29, 288 Chilblains, icy coldness of feet, &c. 279, 99 Chilblains, burns, scalds, &c. 83 Chest violent pains, sore and boring in left side 306, 8 Children cutting teeth, with febrile affections 21 ChiU fever, intermittent or dumb ague, &c. 19, IS, 14, 28, 287 Chlorosis, chronic headache, &c. 272, 299 Chronic affections of mucus membrane, &c. 285 Chronic dryness of the throat, with tormenting cough 304 Concussion of the brain, breast and spinal marrow 7, 8, 15- INDEX FOR PERSONS. 3 Page. Contusion of external and internal parts 9, 10 ('old in the head and toothache 21 Colic, pain in the stomach, nauseousness 269 Convulsions in children, fits 21, 22 Constipation of the bowels 23, 29 Consumption, nervous with hectic fever 290 Congestion of blood to the head, losing of hair 289 Convulsions, catilepsia, epilepsy, fits 277 Coffea, symptoms, good and bad 282, 8 ('old, suddenly taken from damp air 285 Constipation, hard and difficult stool, pressing rectum 308 (Consumption, pulmonary, pneumonia, Phthisis &c 304 Cough with copious expectoration of mucus 803, 6 Cough and hoarseness, from cold 30 dry spasmodic and phthisical cough 284 with heaviness in the breast sore 285 Cracking in all the joints, with weariness 285 Croup and inflammation of thn throat, angina 30, 1 Diarrhoea, colic with pain 272, 78 watery and green, griping pain 288 purging, continual evacuations 28, 9 and cutting pain in children, sour flatulent 302 Debility in lower extremities with stretching spasms 285 306 Dyspepsy, and constipation, pain in stomach 29, 276 4 INDEX FOR PERSONS. Page. Dyspepsy, nauseousness with debility 284, 91, 2 Drawing pains in different parts of the limbs 277 Dropsical affections, watery humour and swel- ling 272, 88 Dysentery, epidemical, bloody flux 310,11 and diarrhoea 29 putrid, bloody flux 269 Epileptic, paroxysms, spasms of fits 272 Erysipelas, inflammatory swelling, nettierash 26, 7 Ergot, (secale cornutum,) see bad and good ef- fects of , 805 Eyes, dryness, pain in the margin of lids, with vibrations 306 Eyes, wounds of, with pain and bruise, sore- ness 15,276 Female parts, contusions and lacerations 16 Fomentations, for tumours, boils, piles, hyster- ic fits &c. 278 Fits, convulsions, epileptic spasms 278, 9 Flatulence of stomach, griping from cold 269 Gastric fevers, nauseous flatulent feel- ing 10, 11, 272 Goitre, enlarged thyroid gland of the neck, wenn 290 Hardness of hearing, nervous and catarrhal effects 300, 8 INDEX FOR PERSONS. 5 Page. Hop, (lupulus) or common hop, good and bad effects of 292, 3 Hemorrhoids, emerods, piles, diabetes, nephritis 275 Herbal tinctures and steeps 16-18 Headache, darting pain in the head, cephelalgia 277, 84, 300, 14 Homoeopathy, explained and recom- mended 5, 7, 262, 3, 4 Headache, tearing, throbbing, dullness, delirium, nausea 19, 289, 99, 307 Hysterical weakness, spasms of insensibility, fainting 278, 269 Heartburn and waterbrash, nausea, rifting 269, 307 Indigestion of stomach, and debility of old people 287,8 Influenza and lake fever, cold catarrhal pain in breast 287, 304 Inflammation and ulcers of the throat, an- gina, sore throat 30, 51 290, Intermittent and chill fevers, typhoid fever 27, 28, 287-8 Intermittent, gastric, chill and dumb fevers 284, 7 Insects, (animalcula,) in the stomach or throat 269 Irritability, great sensibility, sleeplessness, &c. 273 Itching, of pudendum, burning leucorrhea, fluor albus 308-309 Itching, on the forehead, eyelids, sore intoler- ance of light 307-8 G INDEX FOR PERSONS. Page. Itch, tittilating eruption on joints and fingers, nettierash 299, 304 Jaundice, (icterus,) yellow bilious skin, he- patitis 304 Lameness, stiffness, and numbness of limbs 34 Lungs, disease of, pain in the breast, with dry cough, &c. 304 Measles, eruption of the body, small red points or pimples 299 Melancholy sad thoughts, heaviness and dull mind, weak eyes 34, 302 Mental disease, melancholy derangement 34 Menstruation, suppressed or lost, want of 291 Menstrual colic, complaints in critical age of fe- males 300 Mercury, arsenic, quinine, bad effects from 18 Mercurial preparations, good and bad ef- fects of 293, 4, 5, 6, 7 Mercury, arsenic and sulphur cachexia, and affections 271,289 Milk fever, in the female gender after parturition 16 Mind affected, by troubles and religious melan- choly 284 Nervous and yellow fevers, jaundice effects 28 INDEX FOR PERSONS. 7 Page. Opium, (white poppy,) good and bad effects of 297,8 Overloading of the stomach with food 24 Pain tearing in the arms and hands, stiffness and numbness 309 Pain and tumours, lame and uneasiness 34, 270, 1 Paralysis or palsy of lower and other limbs tarsal and carpal 274, 302 Parturition and abortion, to abate the evil effects 15 Polypus, nasal, loss of smell, burning of the ears, &c. 304 Postscript, virtue of Wahoo, and its healing effi- cacy 19 Piles, Hemorrhoids, jaundice, bleeding piles, &c. 27, 292, 9 Poisonous affections, bloating and pressure in the stomach 269 Preventive of epidemic diseases, and to preserve health 269 Preventive of habitual drunkenness, to cause disgust 269, 70 Pulsation of veins, and pulsative pains 273 Pregnant, feminine gender, abdominal spasms 300 Preface and outlines by the author ni, rv Preliminary remarks on homoeopathy and ar- nica 5, 7-17 Preventive remedy to destructive mice, maggots and weevils 808 3 INDEX FOR PERSONS. Page. Qujnjne, morphine and mercurial cachexia 271 Rattle snake bite and other serpentile poisons 286 Regimen for the sick, diet allowed and disallowed 3-7 Remittent, intermittent and bilious fevers 287 Rheumatism, catarrhal affections, acute and chronic 269, 285, 6, 99 Ringworm, herpetic, affecting the anus and rec- tum 286 llestlessness, in lower limbs _ 303 Rheumatism and gout, drawing pain in mo- tion 31, 2, 275 Scaldhead, dry and moist tinia, capitis 284 Scarlet fever, and measles, nettierash 25-6 Scars, of wounds (cicatrix,) ridges from wounds 276 Sore breast and sore nipples of females 16-17 Spavin on horses, hard tumors on joints 15-16 Sprain on men and animals 15, 32 Scorbutic and scrofulous affections 298-9 Scurvy, antiscorbutic, eruptive sour blood 274, 282-4 Snake bite, sting or bite of poisonous insects 266-7 St. Vitus dance, chorea, trembling palsy 273 Staggering, giddiness, vertigo and dullness of head 284 Stomach disease of, weakness, dyspepsy, squeamishness 22-8, 306 Swelling pain in the internal glands 308 Stomach, pressure of, aching in pit, painful 273, 286 INDEX loll PERSONS. 9 Page. Stiffness in all the joints, sticking pain in left thigh 277, 312 Sticking pain in calf of the leg and feet, jerking pain, 312 Tea, common imperial, green and young hyson, good and bad effects 313-14 Terebinthina, turpentine good and bad effects 312 Tongue coated white with raw sensation 311 Tearing pain, in temples and ears, pustules 311 'fobacco, good and bad effects, nauseous habit 309-10 Toothache, odontalgia, pain in teeth and jaws 22, 278 Testicle, tabes, dwindling or wasting of secret parts 277 Typhoid and intermittent fevers, putrid fever 272 Ulceration of bones, white swelling, &c. ~l,i Urine painful, micturition, uneasy sleep 311, 286 Urine retention of, catarrh or inflammation of bladder 10, 286 Urine bloody and turbid, brick dust sediment 288-9 organs, copious micturition, tearing draw- ing pains 300, 8 Vomiting, inclination, flatulence, pres- sure on stomach 23, 278-88 Worms, vermifugal, excessive medicine, worm fever 313, 24—\ 280-1 10 INDEX FOR PERSONS. Wounds, bruises and laceration, wound fever 15, 32-3, 275 Warts, corns, carbuncles, on hands feet or elsewhere 33-4, 285 Whooping cough, nausea, irritating sp.asms 286 Whitlow, panaris, sore bealing on finger or thumb joints 32 mm^$*