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ARMY MEDICAL LIBRARY
FOUNDED 1836
WASHINGTON, DC. 
 
 
I
                       THE

    REFOMi:i) PRACTICE   .
    MMt*
                        OF


            MEDICINE,

AM TAUGHTAT THE REFORMED MKDICAI. COLLEGES IS TH*
   CITY OF NEW TOMS, AT « ORTHI NtiTON, OHIO, ARP
     ALL  T:IE REFORMED SCOOOLS IN  THE  UNITED
                      STATER.

                  CONTAINING

ALL THE PRACTICE OF DR. BEACH OF  NEW YORK,
  OF THE CELEBRATED DR. BONE OF NEW JERSEY",
        AND OTHER CELEBRATED BOTANIC
                 PRACTITIONERS.     •  « " C"""/'; V>
                        s          •'#'■  ■     ■■■*'-,

             Kfcjo tJoIutnrjs fit mt'^f^7§'^^
  BT PROFESSORS AND MEMBERS OF THR
BEFCEKED XXJSDICAIj COE-LECHia
 in new York asd worthi.\oro>', ohio.
The fci«ncr of Medicine, like the Doric Column, should stoRd
  simple, pure, an»l majestic, t.h\iug KACr for its ba<cis. w
  dvctio.5 for its pillar, and truth alone fur its capital."
B3STO >~, 1831, 
 W67
?33Z
  |  231
       V
                        Southern District of Kew-Ycrk, %9.
  BE IT REMEMBERED, 'flat on the twenty-eighth day of
Noveinb. r. Anno Donrni  1831, Hlrvey Whiting, of the said
district, hath deposited in this off.co the title of a Bock, the title
of which is in the vror-.s following, to wit :

  " The Reformed Piacticeof Medicine, as taught af the Reforn.-
ed Medical Colleges  iu the city of New-York,  at Wortliingtoii,
O'v.o, and all  the Reformed Schools in the United States.   Con-
taining all the practice of Dr. Beach, of New-York, of the cele-
brated Dr. Bono, of New-Jcrso*', ;;n ! other celebrated botanig
practitioners.  Two volumes in one." By Professors and  Mem-
bers of the Reforrnnd  Medical Colleges of New-York, and Wor-
thington, Ohio.  'The science of medicine, like the Doric co-
lumn, should stand simple, pure and majestic, having fact for its
basis, induction for its pillar, and truth alone for its capital.' "

  In conformity to an act  of Congress jf the United States, en-
titled "An Act for the  encouragement of learning, by securing
the copies of Maps, Ch-irts, and Books,  to the authors and pro
prietors of such copies during the time theieia mentioned." Aad
also to an Act entitled  '• An Act, supplementary to an Art entitled
an Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the  copies
of Maps, Charts and  Books, to the  authors and proprietors of
such copies during the times therein mentioned, and extending
the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etch*
iag historical and other prints," the right whereof he claims as
proprietor. In conformity wiih an Act of Congress, entitled " An
Act to amend the several Acts respecting copy-rights."
                            FREDERICK J.  BETTS.
                  Clerh of the Southern District ofNtw-York. 
              PREFACE,.
   "In offering this book to the public, we have only
  to say, that our object is  not money, (For had that
  been the case, the  course we  have pursued  would
 'have been an unwise owe,)  but to put down mo-
  nopoly.    The aphorism  that  " an institution
  should rest its merit on its intrinsic value,']  we
  view as a good one. That nothing should be kept
  a secret, which is, in any w.vy, calculated to lessen
% the sum total of human suffering, or,promote hu-
  man'happiness, is  our  c/ccd.  Nothing could in-
  duce a  physician to keep a valuable remedy se-
  cret, but interest—a  desire to speculate on  the
  misfortunes  or  ignorance of  others, a  principle,
  ovcry way unworthy of and  revolting to  a philan-
  thropist, especially at  a time when  the world is
  inundated with pretended  cures, nostrums and
  specifies, for every ill that flesh  is heir to.   It is
  almost a universal  trait in the character of bota-
  nic physicians,  to keep  their remedies  to them-
  selves, or to enjoin the most profound secrecy on
  all to whom they •communicate  a knowledge of
  their  practice.   Can  this be called by a 'much
  softer name than a triek of quackery ?'   We arc
  well aware that it is urged, that, by publishing to
  the  world the use and compound of certain med-
  icines, their value would  not'be properly appreci-
  ated.  We are also aware that the credulous have
  often more confidence'in a  practitioner who pre-
  tending great knowledge  veils his remedies in the
  shroud  of mystery, than in the  enlightened and
  candid physician, who pretends'to nothing but
  what others  beside himself know.  Such indeed
 is the thirst •* for the m melons," that the gross-
  est ignorance and most stupid buffoonery  in the
 practice of physic is most amply  supported, even
 in the city of New-York,  merely  because with
  brazen impudence it declares itself  able, wich its
 secret and magic  wot king specifics, to  cure con-
  sumptions in their last  stages, ten or twelve sorts
 of cancers and scrofula in all its forms, with every 
>V                 PREFACE.
other diseaf e to which frail humanity is  in'J  »«t-
  A general  diffusion  of correct know!  '  J on
the  subject of  medicine, is the only anri.i;.ie we
know how  to  apply,  let tire knowledge of those
means which have  stood the  test of experience
go abroad,  that the intelligent practitioner may
avail himself of the best remedies yet discovered
if he will, and let the genuine quack bo  exposed*
If we make pretentions which will not stand the
test  of scrutiny,  let  our errors be detected and
exposed; if we are Inmost it will not hurt u-i, and
if we are di-honest, we ought to  suffer.   Actua-
ted  by these motives we have consulted no conse-
quences that may follow, but shall boldly rest our
cause on the  merits of the undertaking,  hoping
and believing  that  the  world  and tin;  cause of
medical  science will  be benefitted by  it.   The
work we now  publish proposes to be a reformed
system of practice and pharmacy  ;  its principles
have been  supported "by active champions, who
boldly challenge the medical world to meet them
in  the field of honorable competition,  or on the
ground  of  fair and manly  argument. (See the
rise and progress of the  New-York Medical Insti-
tution and Reformed Medical Society of the Uni-
ted States.)  This certainly evinces a confidence
which ought to be grounded en nothing short of
full, complete and  long tried success ; if it  falls
short of this,  let our pretentions sink to that in-
significance to which exposure will most assured-
ly consign  them.   The  practice of medicine is of
too great importance  to the health and happiness
of mankind, to  receive the countenance of the
wise and virtuous when based  on  any thing  short
of truth  and  positive knowledge;  that progres-
sive knowledge which continually amasses  new
and important  facts as it progresses onward;  a
knowledge too liberal  to be confined within the
 narrow  it,faience of prejudice, and too free to b« 
PREFACE.                 ▼
locked within  the walls of a prison.  The slow
and  painful march  of medical  science can only
be quickened to the summit of perfection, by the
united ai:d persevering efforts of the truly enlight-
ened and  philanthropic members of the medical
fraternity.-  The  work is  too vast for any thing
short of the accumulated  experience of ages to
accomplish.  Our readers arc therefore apprised
that the work before them does not profess to be
wholly original, but a reformation of abuses, and
an important  improvement  on  what  has been
known before.   The attempt has been to intro-
duce what" is conceived by many to be a rational,
consistent, safe and cfficiint method of curing dis-
ease.   Much of what is called regular practice
has been loudly and emphatically denounced as a
curse to the world, winch is annually sweeping
its hecatombs of victims to the realms "of things
lost on earth."   Mercury the lancet and the knife
are held up to the execration of an abused and
martyred  people,  as the agents of a swift destruc-
tion,  and  many  of our  modern doctors as  tho
priests of  a bloody altar, whilst the simple, pure,
and  majestic  voice of reason  is left to wail its
notes to the winds.  Pause then  and consider for
it is you that are  interested,  it is you  that must
now apply the remedy. The  long and deep notes
of remonstrance which have been sounded in your
ears should arouse your attention.  Examine then
and we will not shrink fiom your judgment.
  In the work  of reformation in the  science of
medicine, much is due to Dr. W. Beach, M.  D.,
President of the  Reformed  Medical College of
New-York, for the devotion  of his original mind
and extraordinary  talents in the  cause.   Who, in
speaking  of himself says "As soon as my under-
standing  begun to dawn and I was capable of
discerning between truth nnd error, I was con-
vinced that the present practice  of Pnv/siC and, 
vi
PREFACE.
    Surgery so far  from being  founded on correct
    princij>lcs both in theory ami practice, was abso-
    lutely a curse to society.  This view of medicine
    arose spontaneously in my mind without having;
 ,,  been taught it by others. These sentiments grew
    with  my growth and strengthened  with  my
    strength,  constant observation confirmed me in
   . the truth of these things and I felt a deep solici-
,  / tuae to effect a reformation."   How fully this re-
    markable genius  has kept bis early resolution of
    effecting a reformation, or rather contributing to
    it, (for many determined and  original characters
    have borne a conspicuous part,) the pages of fu-
    ture history will bear  testimony ;  his persevering
    and uncompromising mind has kept a steady and
    unwavering eye on the object in view,  that  of
    moulding a new race of practitioners to the prin-
    ciples of the Reformed Practice of Medicine: suf-
    ficiently strong and numerous to successfully con-
    tend with the united  efforts of all opposition, a
    gigantic  ami heroic  determination worthy  of a
    good cause.   To this mo>t extraordinary individ-
    ual the world is  indebted for almost  numberles'ai
    .pages, newspaper columns and  circulars, on the
    subject of reform and the abuses of modern prac-
   _ tice, evincing a great originality, peculiar tact and
    industry.
       Dr. Tidd,  of  New-Jerrcy, to whom belongs ,
    the honor of being the first medical instructor of
    our  worthy President, was one of the early and
    talented reformers.   Dr.  Bone,  of New-Jersey,
     is another who is remembered with gratitude by
     many.   Samuel Thompson, of New-Hampshire,
     Dr. Steward, of  Maine, Dr. Barber,  late of New '.
     York, and Dr. Elisha Smith, with  many others,
     have been active laborers in the great  work of
     promoting  botanical knowledge and the blessings
     /?f an improved system of medical ethics. 
1*ZT>ZX.  iO VOL.  1,
A>thuia,	°4|!	Hinftritis.	«
Ascites,	5:' iiiout,		55
Amirsarcn,	ft: h.		
Apoplexy,	f>l;|lleat in cure of f'everp, uJ other		
Asphyxia,	I'V'j complaints,		l«J
AmeuArrhoea,	7 1 llenaiili.-, 7| ill vuror; phali..',		44
Aptha,			57
Angini Pectoris,	'.7 lly1lr„i(,„ax,		53
B.	II Valeria,		64
Blood Letting, pr-rnicoiu effects of	171 " 1.		
Bleeding, at the nnso	70; Influenza,		3fT
Do. from Funi.»,	78 Indigestion,		87
G.	J.		
CynaacUe Toimlaris,	31 Jaundice,		t!4
Do. Malijroa,	35 , L.		
Consumption,	3rf l.iver Comjihiint,		44
Cystitis,	45 Le.conhi i >,		74
€!»ohc. Bilious,'	4'i M.		
' Do. Painters,	47 Mercury, ill effects of,		IS
Do. Wind,	4H >I jmps,		36
Cholera Morbus,	54 Measles,		57
Chorea,	f'." Mania,		ffii
Convulsions,	C7 Menkes, suppression and iet»nlion u		f 71
D.	Menorrhagia,		78
Dysentery,	50 P.		
Diarrhea,	51 Perspiration, effects of in rure of fe		-
Dropsy,	• 0 ver r.ud oilier diseases,		lit
Do. Abdomen,	59 Phrmetis,		SI
Do. < liostj	58 Pleurisy.		37
Do. Brain,	57 Puemoniu lungs,		37
Derangement,	C5 PurtusMis,		42
Disprpsia,	07 Pericarditis,		■>3
Dn.ifu si,	69 Palsy.		63
Diabetes	70 Paralysis,		63
E-	Pal 'piutiou of the Heart,		78
Ear, Inflammation of,	33 a.		
Rnterites,	4rf Q.uinsey,		34
Epilepsy,	6-2 R.		
Epistaxis,	70 Rheumatism,		54
P.	S.		
Fever, general doctrine of.	13 Small Pox,		56
Do. observation on treatment,	'4 !-'t. Vitus' Dance,		65
Do. '"oniiiuied.	2"-2 Spitti(»jr bloo ',		75
Do. 1 nti:r>mttcnt,	25 Sick head ache,		78
Do. ltemi tiuir,	27 TV		
DO. Star lei.	SW Throat, soro,		33
Do. Miliary,	29 V.		
Do. Yellow,	30 Vomiting blood,		73
llo. IVerp.Tal,	:ia Do. <».		40
Face, inflammation < #,	34 ' W-		
Flooding,	78 Whites,		74
Fluor Alb.s,	74 Worms,		'I
Z27S^Z	TO VOL, II.		
Page.		Carbuncle,	35
Amaurosis,	34	Coxnlgia.	4-J
Burns,	16	Cataplasm ,	59
Broken bre at,	24;	Cos', cs	f3
B.lioua physic,	52	Ho. Vegetable,	GS
Balsams	70	Do. Miner. 1,	|(J3
Do. Pidm nary.	70	Do. Mii;l do-	ce
Do of lion y,	70	Decoctions,	61
Do. Smith s,	70'	o. D u-rfe,	61
Bone'J practice,	73	Do Rheumatic,	61
Barber ,	79	Do. D nphoretic,	69
Contusions,	g	Do. Urinarv",	63
Cancer,	15!	Do. Digitalis,	6J
 
 Drops,—Co-gV
   Do.    Diurectlc,
   1)«.    I'L.ck,
   Do.    Tar,
   Do.    W hit wills,
 Erysipelas,
 F.lixor Salutas,
 F.ni< t.c. cumin n,
 Extracts
  Do.    Bl oil root,
  Do.     Gemi.ui,
 Eye Water,
  Do.       y in1 ral,
  Do.       .^pirito f,
  Do.       Stimulating,
 Fistula in Ano,
 Fract  res,
 Fn'i.antatinns,
  Do.     I  ppy,
  Do.    S  inmlat'.ilg,
  Do.    Mint,
 Gnuorrhsga,
 Gargles,
  Di>.    St initialing,
  J><^.    Cooling
  Do.    Asutugcat,
 (Irejenooil,
 Hemorrhoids,
 Hydrocele,
 Hcrni i,
 Herpc«,
Hydrophobia.
 Hii complaint,
Hull s Colic Physic,
 Innammn ion,
 Injection,
Soap,
Siinr lat'ntg,
Tobacco,
  do.     Smoke,
     Do.
     Do.
     Do.
     Do.
I.lM  ids,
  Kheuma'ic,
  Maishmal's Pile.
  Stimulating,
Latidan'im,
Liniments,
  Cninmon,
Moitification,
Mammary ahece'?,
Mucilege Gum Arabia
  Slippery Elm,
Opthalmia,
f  pacity of Cornea,
Ointin  nts,
  Wli te.
  T'lipentin*,
  Discuticnt,
  Yellow,
  Tetter,
  Jedkin's,
  OilGeen,
  Relaxing,
P.> ypus,
Piles,
Prolapsus Aui,
  Uteri,
Pharmcy,
Paregoric,
Pills,
  Norvo'it,
  C'icuW
 1'Jl
 41
 60
 66 J

 6
 I
 Cfi
 (r,
 iit;
 eti
 1-i
 ill
 2li
 27
 3c
 37
 4x
 6d
   3
  t~,
  r~
  61
  67
 6e
 47
 ib.
 ib.
 ib.
 49
 72
 ib.
  r
 21
 64
 ib
 2+
 3<
 57
 ib.
 5d
 ib
 ib.
 il>.
59.
 72
 ib.
 10
 21
 23
 23
 47
 49
 51
 ib.
ib.
63    Hydrngegus,
6.1    Capi-icum,
63    IlilioilM,
64    Dy* peptic,
64      '■ Cuugh,
 t)  I'owdeis,
49  I'.anient.
51  Poultice*.
62  Pilo. irochrs,
63  Hhvoie, , earnlizii'Si
63  R ick-ls.
T2!;Keil Drol'".
7-'!lRo.-t.»r.ilive Cordial,
    Ki taxing Oil,
    Scofula,
    -'vphilis,
    -5c;ild Head.
     irii lures of Anur,
      Do.    I'r.lhru,
    S'.tphalomia,
     ;nrcoci'le,
    Salt Rheum,
    Salves, hl.iek,
      L'o.   green,
      Do.  Ward's,
     y rups,
     "Do.  ulleiKVe,
      Do.  vegetable,
      Do.  scrofulous,
      Do.  an i-pasinnriio,
      I) •.  expectorant*
    Smith's pulmonary ba's-in,
     rumours.
     I inea Cap ti.-,
    Toilicollis,
     11 tan us.
    Tincture;,
       Do-     Hydrapogue,
       Do.    botanical.
       Do.     L<,belia,
       Do.     Hops,
      Do.    B.i s im Tolue,
     Do.    Myr. h,
      Do.    Ca>tor,
      Do.    Caniharides,
      Do.    Vegetable
      Do.    Opium
      Dr..    Stramonium
      Do.    Kpcctoraiit
      Do.    S un .  Cabbpgi*
       do.    Islodes Foetiiles
      do.    Go!,ten
      ilo.    Cohu-h
      do.    Sudorific
      do.    Wme
    I hom-on,B  composition powOars
    Troches
    fleers
    Wounds
    White swelling
    Whit'ovv
    Wry Nek.
    Wine Hitlers
    Ward'* IVste
    Washes
     Opthalmia
     Yellow
      Mncral
     Salainouiaa
     Uhik
     Astringent.
lb.
Ih.
63
ib.
59
53
64
50
ea
68
23
SO
68
Ti
13
16
£0
89
41
33
4 a
40
 57
 69
 6C
 G9
 70
 70
 70
 70
 11
 20
 35
 38
 47
 4t?
 48
 48
 48
 48
 48
 49
 ib.
 ib.
 ib
 ib.
 ib.
 50
 50
 ib.
 ib.
 ib.
 ib.
 53
 62
  4
  7
 13
 31
 33
 Bl
 S7
 71
 ih.
 > fa-
 in.
 Jt>
 lb,
*, 
REFOR31ED  PRACTICE
                 OF

      znEBiomr.
                    FEVER.
            GENERAL DOCTRINE OF FEVER.
  Fevbr is that morbid condition of the human system,
the presence of which characterises a great number of
diseases.   It has been  a ferlile theme for the ingenuity of
Physicians to speculate on, in all ages, from the first era
of Medical  opinions, down  to  (he  present time   It is
characterized hy an attack of shivering or  rigors, follow-
ed-by a hot skin, a quick pulse, and a feeling of languor
and lassitude.  With such symptoms are usually present,
a loss of appetite,  thirst, restlessness, and  diminished se-
cretions.   Chilliness, succeeded by increased heat of the
skin, is the first and leading feature of fever.
  The chilliness is sometimes so slight,  as almost to es-
cape notice ; at other  times so violent that the subject
complains  exceedingly of cold ;  his  teeth chatter,  his
limbs tremble, the skin is pale, rough, and  contracted,
and a sensation is felt something like cold water trickling
down the back.
  The duration of the cold  stage varies from an hour or
two, to two or  three  days.   Though often  slight, it is
never entirely wanting, and is at ali  times to be carefully
noted by the physician, as marking the precise period of
ihe accession of the  fever.
  By degrees, the  chilliness subsides, and begins to alter-
nate with  warm flu.-lies.   A  heat of above the natural
temperature succeeds, and with it. returns the color of
the skin ; the cheeks become flushed, and the eyes suffus-
ed ; the features recover tiieir si/.e. and oflen ap;?ear more
turgid than in healih.  The  hot stage of fever is then said 
 14    OBSERVATIONS ON THE TREATMENT.

 to be formed, which may go eft* in a few hours, as in case
 of an intermittent, or may continue for days or weeks aa
 in common continued lever.
   The next prominent  feature of fever is, the frequency
 of pulse ;  this is one of (he most  constant of the symp-
 toms, and  is  but seldom wanting.  This increase in the
 velocity of the  pulse, varies from  a scarcely perceptible
 increase,  to  a rapidity which can  scarcely be  counted.
 There are  likewise other characters in  the febrile pulse,
 distinguished by the terms, hardness, wiiiness,  fullness,
 softness and weakness ; but as they are not essential  to
 fever, they may  more properly be  considered  under the
 heads of particular diseases.
  The exciting  causes  of  fever are very numerous,  and
 apparently  of very opposite characters.  External inju-
 ries, irritations of various kinds within1 the body, the free
use of wine, and exposure to cold  and moisture,  are
amongst the most obvious.  There are likewise what have
 been called spicific causes, as marsh-miasmata, contagion
and morbid poison.
 A FSW GENERAL OBSERVATIOrvS ON TIIS TREATMENT OV
              FEVERS AND OTHER DISEASES.

   Fever is a disease, which presents a certain combina-
 tion  of symptoms  to  destroy life, and  the  practitioner
 should only  have in view their  removal, by the applica-
 tion of such means as are suited to this purpose, without
 regarding  what the disease may be sometime hence, but
 what it is n>w.   The idea that fever cannot be cut short,
 is one which is generally advocated by feeble practition-
 ers ;  by men averse to all energetic measures, and who
 desire rather to continue in the beaten track, than to ad-
vance the science by judicious treatment.  The idea that
 fevers cannot be cut short in their course, and disease ar-
 rested, is one  which  no  enlightened practitioner  should
 advocate ;  its direct tendency is to  paralize  the pursuit
 of new and useful truths,  and discourage our best  endea-
 vours: but as the means to arrest the progress of disease
 which have too commonly been  resorted  to, are not on!/
 in general, inadequate, but often highly  deleterious  and
 ROt  unfrequently, fatal, we shall here submit a few ob- 
EFFECTS OF MERCUKY.           15
servations on the use of Mercury, the Lancet, and the ef-
fects of perspiration and heat in the cure of diseases.
               ILL  EFFECTS OF  MERCURY.
   Among the  numerous poisons which  have been used
 for the cure of diseases, there are few, which possess more
 dangerous powers than Mercury.   The simplest and mil-
 dest forms of the this mineral, are capable, under certain
 circumstances, not  easily  detected by the most skillful
 practitioner, of exerting an  influence over the human
 system, which in the smallest doses ever prescribed, is lia-
 ble to destroy life.
   Practitioners,  who  stand  high  in  public estimation,
 prescribe calomel and the blue pill on  every trifling occa-
 sion :  every unimportant  irregularity  or  functional de-
 rangement, must submit to the controuling effect of Mer-
 cury in some of its numerous preparations.  But when
 the effects of Mercury upon the human  body are accurate-
 ly investigated, it  cannot-fail  to  appear, that irreparable
 mischief must accrue from its use.
   It is our object to illustrate these assertions,  for which
 purpose we avail ourselves of recorded facts ; for though
 a few persons may  be found on  whom its long continual
 use appears to have but little effect; their number is ex-
 tremely small in  comparison of those  who  are seriously
 affected  by very small doses, in a .short space of time.
 Dr. Falconer says, that the indiscriminate use of Mercury,
 is attended with dangerous effects.  Preparations of Mer-
 cury  exhibited either  internally or externally  for  any
length of time, increase the action of the heart and arte-
 ries, and produce salivation followed by emaciation and
 debility, with an extremely irritable state of the whole sys-
tem.   These effects of Mercury  are expressly mentioned
 or virtually admitted by every author, ancient or modern
 who has directed its use.
   The first effect  enumerated is an increased action of
 the heart and arteries,  that is, a more than usual rapid cir-
 culation of blood, through every part of the body.   Ac-
 celerated circulation ofthe^lood in consequence of Mer-
 cury,  exhibits the same buffy  crust, with  blood  drawn
 from a person,  labouring under an  attack  of pleurisy ;
whilst the  secretions  from the  skin  and  kidneys  are 
16            EFFETCS OF MERCURY.
 greatly  increased,  but with  this  difference,  that  the
 strength of the patient labouring under  pleurisy remains
 almost unimpaired, while ituder the influence of Mer-
 cury, the  general strength  rapidly declines.   It appears
 therefore,  that the  increased  action of  the  heart  and
 arteries,  excited by Mercurial  medicines, not  only pro-
 duce the same injurious effects upon the body,  with those
 arising from inflammation, but also certain other injurious
 effects peculiar to itself.  Salivat.on or an excessive  and
 unusual flow of saliva,  in general follows the  increased
 action of the heart and arteries occasioned by ihe exhibi-
 tion of Mercury,  and is preceded  by a certain metalic
 taste in the mouth, and a peculiar odor of the breath,  dif-
 ferent from what  is ever perceivable in any natural dis-
 ease.  When individuals  in  this state,  are accidentally
 exposed to cold,  or indulge  in irregularities of living, a
 violent and anomalous  indisposition takes place,  which
 is apt to  terminate fatally, or to occasion  a broken state   .
 of health.
   The excessive flow of saliva during salivation in con-
 sequence of Mercury, is is accomp'-uiied with a  degree of
 local inflammation of all the paris within  the mouth, ulcer-
 ations of the gums and loosening of the teeth ; and  the
 tongue and palate swell most frijjhlfuhy.
   Dr. Falconer, in the paper alluded to says : — "I  might
 cite all the writers in the Materia Medica  for authorities,
 that the continued and frequent use of Mercury  is not free
 from danger—that it  tends to produce tremors and par-
 alysis, and  not unfrequently incurable mania;  that it
 sometimes embitters life to such a siiocking degree, as to
 make it more than probable,  that many of tlie suicides
 which disgrace our country, were produced  by" the intol-
 erable feelings occasioned  by such a state  of the nervous
 system.''  To the  truth of these remarks every unprejudi-   j
 ced physician of extensive practice must bear testimony.
 In many cases other deviations from health ensue ; among ' ■
 these the most common are excessive diarrheas, accom-
panied often with profuse discharges of  blood ;  'this will
sometimes occur, where the  mercury  is only rubbed on
the surface.
  Another consequence- of Mercury  is.  violent affections
of the skin; the eruption  is usually attended with heut,   > 
BLOOD-LETTING.
17
itching of the skin, a frequent pulse, and a white tongue.
  The arguments in  favor of the administration of this
deleterious article, are '-To supplant disease, by creating
a ncio morbid excitement in the system, more powerful than
that which  exists," and thus by this delusive and absurd
theory, excite a new  disease, as far worse than the first,
as the  first was worse than health.  These are a few of
the injurious  effects of this sovereign  panacea.   Hence
we will leave the public to judge of the propriety of the
exhibition of such remedies.
      PERNICIOUS EFFECTS  OF BLOOD-LETTIXO.

   Amongst the evils which embarrass the practice of me-
dicine, and retard that improvement so ardently desired
by the enlightened friends of human happiness, none is
of such direful import as prejudice, the multiplied evils
resulting from which, are of vast  amount, and  many of
them of deep and fearful consequence.
   The young practitioner is bound under no less penalty
than the anathemas of those, who have grown grey  in the
service, to yield  unhesitating obedience to the maxims
which his masters have taught him, in relation to all im-
portant doctrines in the treatment of disease—whilst on
the contrary, let the error be ever so great, or the  sacri-
fice of life ever so prodigal in consequence of it, he stands
justified by our self-created oracles in medicine.  Admit-
ing the truth of this position, what shackles are the young,
enlightened and  industrious  physicians subjected  to, if
tbey dare assume a rational  and independent course of
practice ;—hunted down as fit subjects of ridicule, aurj
almost certain destruction.   Prejudice, operates  more
Oanefully  than positive ignorance, inasmuch as it disposes
its victim to  yield his own  judgment  to the  theoretical
speculations of the Pathologist, the dogmas of the Roti-
nist, or the Panaceas of the Nostrum Monger ;  in all
which cases it disqualifies him for being a safe practition-
er.  The Pathological speculation of the incompatibility
of diseases, has led its votaries into many absurdities in
practice, from the conclusion, that but one  disease can
be active at a time, on the same subject, when  every bddy
knows that Itch,  Remittent fever and scrofula maybe 
IB               BLOOD-LETTING.
active at the same  time, on the  same subject, and we
have the authority of Dr, Rush, that a prevailing epidem-
ic, may  assume the livery of the various diseases incident
to the season.  But in notlr'ng has the destructiveness of
prejudice been  more severely felt than in ihe almost ca-
nonical  doctrine, that in all diseases, where arterial excite-
ment existed in considerable degree, blood must  flow in
copious streams.   If the circulation  becomes embarrass-
ed, bleed—the  symptoms must  justify any consequences
which may chance to follow ; no time is lost in the enquiry
whether such symptoms may not be a consequence of dis-
ease, which may only require some simple counteracting
medicine, after which the constitutional symptoms will
speedily subside.   No, says our theorist,  prompt and co-
pious bleeding is the on'y safe and certain means of re-
ducing  the alarming excitement, and often, we believe, a
more permanent means than our practitioner could easily
find sufficient excuse  for ; as witness its almost  certain
destruction  of life, during the prevalence of the Typhus
Fever,  in the New England States, a few years since, and
the blind infatuation of a majority of the physicians, un-
til the death-knell of  thousands  of  their patients awoke
them to a sense of their desolating mistake.   Is the ques-
tion asked why they so long persisted in the practice of
venesection? the answer is-ready, the disease almost uni-
formly  commenced  with inflammatory  symptoms,  and
they knew at the  time ho other remedy, or rather  dare
not hazard.their reputation in a  departure from the dic-
tates of a prejudice, which had been so long sanctioned.
We do  not wis'.! to  be  understood as altogether condem-
ning the use of the lancet in those cases where the sound
unprejudiced practitioner may determine its propriety af-
ter medicine h&s been given ; but in fevers generally, the
loss of  blood must be  condemned, as a wanton waste of
the sustaining element of life, except in some urgent cases
where it appears to be almost the only means of  promo-
ting the operation of medicine ;  then bleed, for that inten-
tion alone, and in  quantity only sufficient to  accomplish
it; after the medicine has remained a sufficient length of
time in the  system, to determine  that it would not pro-
duce the desired effect without it.  May we  not  regard
this as the only certain indication of the propriety of Yen- 
PERSPIRATION AND HEAT.          19
esection and as a plain self-evident rule to govern our prac-
tice in it ?
  It is not  our purpose to invoke the  manes of the de-
parted,  or  ransack the pages of history, to make a long
and fearful  catalogue of evidences against this sanguinary
practice ;—enough has transpired within the observation
of all who  will see, to convince them, of its often  fatal
effects.   To  the victims of an  old and  venerated preju-
dice, we can only  say, that a new generation may possi-
bly assume the responsibility of acting' rationally.   Our
object is to call  to mind the evil, and disclose what we
conceive experience to have demonstrated as a remedy.
©X THE EFFECT3 OF PERSPIRATION AND HEAT IN THE CURE
            OF FEVERS AND OTHER DISEASES.
  The contracted limits of this work will scarcely allow
us to  take  into  consideration this highly important, and
very interesting subject.   A  few brief observations will
be made, though they may appear in some measure incon-
clusive ;  yet in favor of which, there may be arguments
adduced, incontrovertible.   A long prelude of fact, theo-
ries, and detail of experiments are necessary,  in order to
secure due appreciation,  which can only be admitted in
systematic works.
  It seems astonishing, that so powerful remediate agents,
for the alleviation of morbid  phenomena, should be  so
heedlesslv resorted to.   Cutaneous transpiration has  nu-
merous-uses in the animal economy, the most prominent
of which are, by evaporation along with that of the lungs,
the  principal means of cooling, by which  the body main-
tains itself within certain limits of temperature, also its ex-
pulsion from the economy appears very important, for ev-
ery  time it is diminished  or suspended, derangements of
more  or  less consequence follow, and many dieases  are
not arrested until a considerable quantity  of sweat is ex-
pelled,   it has been determined by the experiments of La-
voisier and Seguin, that there is from two to seven pounds,
of humorous, insensible, cutaneous transpiration in twen-
ty-four hours, in a healthy person.  It liberates the blood
from superfluous animal gas, azote and water, eliminates
the noxious  and heterogeneous excrements, and coun- 
20
PERSPIRATION AND HEAT.
terbalances  suppressed  pulmonary  transpiration  of the
lungs.
  Heat is  the natural stimulus  of the body,  without
which the vital functions cannot be exercised.  The  say-
ing "I have taken cold'' is  very common, but  no one
complains tl I have taken heat."   It is known  by  all, that
heat expands all bodies, and that  cold, or the abstraction
of heat, contracts all bodies, to a greater or less  degree.
The matter of the living system is not exempt  from these
laws.  By the operation of an increased degree of heat,
all its tissues are expanded ;  on  the contrary cold  con-
tracts and condenses them all, by bringing their particles
into closer contact with each other.
  The extreme vessels are so situated as to feel very sen-
sibly the effects of heat and cold.   The skin is a tissue,
so extremely vascular, that the most circumscribed parts
cannot be pierced without effusion of  blood.  Consider
it3 great expansion,  and  surface it  covers, and the vast
quantity of this fluid  it must contain, and the necessity of
a maintainance of its functions to  secure the health of
the  system  ; consequently,  wrjen it is made  to  recede
from the surface and extremities,  which is the effect of
cold, and if too long continued, so  rigidly contracts the
vessel, that they refuse receiving  the fluid sent to them ;
it is poured upon organs deep seated, engorges their  ves-
sel?, deranges their  functions, creates congestions, effu-
sions, inflammation, and by ve-action, fever. If any  point or
deep seated organ is so unfortunate as to be predisposed
to disease, by  vascular relaxation, or enfeebled vital pow-
er,  it speedily becomes a prey to  its ungenerous ravages.
Such frequently is the state  of the lungs, brain and liver,
inducing pleurisy, disordered respiration, pneumonia and
consumption, cerebral congestion, hemorrages, hydro-
cephalus, and inflammation, hepatitis, also gastritis, cholic,
dysentery, cholera morbus. &c. &c.   In fact  to sum the
matter up, cold is one of the most prolific causes of th«
diseases incident to the human system.   It invariably da-
generates nervous energy and tends to produce a gener-
al torpor;  whereas heat on the contrary  not only stimu-
lates the nerves, but augments their vital sensibility.   By
what has  been siid the necessity  of promoting pempira- 
PERSPIRATION AND HEAT.          21
 lion, and establishing  an equilibrium in the circulating
 mass, will be readily conceived, in the treatment of dis-
 ease ; the contrary of which are two of the most promin-
 ent characteristics, of all the morbid phenomena incident
 to the human system.
   When therefore thesederangements exist, or disease has
 resulted from the direct influence of cold ;  what should
 be the first object  of the physician 1  should  it not be,  as
 promptly  as  possible the substitution of heat, to counter-
 act, or arrest the operation of the cause ? and thus break
 up the train  of morbid  phenomena which are following
 each other in rapid succession 1  It  will be  necessary in
 many cases to resort to a degree of heat as far above that
 to  which the surface is accustomed,  as the  temperature
 which produced the disease may have been below it.   In
 this way,  a series of vital action will be produced direct-
 ly the reverse of that produced by the cause of the disease.
 If the blood  has been driven from the surface to  the deep
 organs ; if  nervous excitement  or, irritation has been
 translated by cold to the sensitive organs within,  then will
 heat relieve the heart and  great vessers, the  liver, lungs,
 brain &c  by deriving from them the load of  blood which
 oppresses them.   The  vessels of the surface  will be dila-
 ted and filled, and  incipient congestions and  inflamations
 be promptly  relieved.   A similar revulsion  will be pro-
 duced in the nervous system.   Nervous influence will be
 diverted from the centre to the surface.   The sensibilities
 of the extreme nerves will  be  roused, and an equality  o«
 nervous excitement will  then be produced.
  The means we usually make use of, for the purpose  o«
 promoting perspiration, equalising circulation, and excite-
 ment, are the vapour bath, warm bath of water, foot bath,
 warm fomentations, spunging,  or  bathing  the surface
with tepid weak ley, hot billets of wood, bricks or any
convenient article, plunged into hot water and wrapt  in
eloths, placed around the patient, the exhibition  of warm
diluent drinks and sudorific tinctures  &c. &c. as wjll be
seen in  the following pages.  The vapour bath   is made
 by boiling the articles  for the common fomentation (see
 pharmacy,)-in a  sufficient quantity of water, after which
 it should  be  poured into  a suitable  tub, in which there 
82              CONTINUED FEVER.
should be placed  a small stool or strip of board  laid a-
cross, on which the patient is  to sit ;  around him is to bo
thrown blankets, his feet should be placed in warm water
or ley, his head may be  covered some part of the time.
He should continue in this situation for the space of fifteen
minutes or half an hour,  or longer as circumstances may
be.  In the mean time it may be necessary to  give warm
drinks in some cases.   After  perspiration is freely promo-
ted he should be placed in bed and covered warm.  These
observations are not only applicable to the treatment of fe-
vers  in general, but to all other diseases incident to the
human system.
                  CONTINUED FEVER.

   Many changes have taken place in the views of physi-
cians with regard to continued fevers.   The almost infi-
nite varieties ofsymptoms by which they are characterized,
has afforded matter for the ponderous volumes of Nosolo-
gists, and has afforded them a wide field, in which to di3r
play the accumen of their talonts, in classification and
history.  That some forms of continued fever show symp-
toms of strong inflammatory action, while others exhibit
marks of depressed  nervous energy, and a tendency to
putrescence is obviously true, and may require a slight dif-
ference in treatment, which must necessarily be regulated
by the judgment of the practitioner.
   The  symptoms of common  continued fever  arc, the
pulse at first is frequent and strong, but by degrees  it lo-
ses its strength, without diminishing its frequency.  The
duration of the disease is various, but  when once the
symptoms subside convalescence is usually rapid.
   The  invasion of inflammatory lever is generally very
sudden, is  marked by excessive prostration of strength,
with some shivering,  soon succeeded by a violent heat of
the skin, pain in  the back, head ache, giddiness, and gene-
ral uneasiness.  The  head  ache is  very acute, the eyes
are suffused, and cannot bear the light;  the countenance
flushed  ; the temporal and carotid arteries beat violently.
There is often bleeding at  the nose, restlessness and oc-
casionally, but not constantly, delirium.   The tongue be-
comes rapidly coated  with  a thick fur, nausea, vomiting 
TREATMENT.                 23
of bile, great thirst, and a costive state of the bowels pre-
vail,   The pulse varies from 100 to 120, strong, full, and
regular.  The pulse is sometimes weak, small, and de-
pressed.  The respirations are  quick, the  skin  hot, and
excessively  dry, the  urine  scanty  and  highly  colored.
The above maybe considered  an outline of the inflamma-
tory symptoms in nearly all latitudes.
  In Typhus Fever, the characteristic symptoms arc often
unsusceptible of accurate description, and  of  these the
most remarkable is the expression of countenance so uni-
form, as to make all typhoid patients in a great degree re-
semble  each other,  it is a very  peculiar expression of
anxiety, joined to a flushed appearance of the cheeks.  It
is seldom  wanting, and constitutes in fact a striking cha-
racteristic of Typhus.   The pulse in this fever is very fre-
quent, generally ;iverag'mg from 120 to 130,small and weak.
As the disease  advances, it becomes intermittent and ir-
regular.   These symptoms increase, until (he extremities
become cold some hours before death.  The  breathing
is frequent, weak, interrupted by sighing, and.a dry cough  ;
(he voice is low, weak, shriller and harsher than natural.
The tongue, at first white, and  very much  coated, be-
comes  in the  progress of the disease,  brown,  or almost
black ;  it is  dry  and  parched ; occasionally, instead of
being coated, it appears chapped and firm, or smooth and
preternaturally  red.  Black sordes collect round the teeth.
There is  a difficulty of swallowing»from  the dryness of
the throat,  sometimes  from  convulsion in its  muscles.
The evacuations  from the  bowels are  extremely foetid,
and often  black and  mixed with blood.  Diarrhoea,  al-
most always attends the last stage of typhus ; the bowels
are distended with wind, and the danger is in proportion
to this last symptom.

            CONTINUED FEVER TREATMENT.

  The treatment of this f< ver  and others similar, is to be
governed by a consideration of accompanying symptoms.
The promotion ol  perspiration, and equalization of fluids
and excitement, are the most prominent indications to ful-
fil.   If in the onset, perspiration can be freely induced, by
proper means,  it  will  usually promptly arrest  a further 
24      CONTIMJED FEVER TREATMENT.
progress.   It is a fact, familiar to all, that, though a fev«t
may be left to run a course, as soon as moisture is disco-
vered  on  the  surface, all  the  most annoying  symptoms
subside ;—Hence  the  propriety of effecting that in  the
commencement, and endeavour if possible to counteract
the disease; as in fever, there is always  a combined influ-
ence of symptoms to destroy life.   Some little theory or
argument has been advanced in  favor of perspiration in
the cure of diseases, but in  one sense such is useless.   It is
enough for us to know  the effects of a remedy, if the mo-
dus operandi is not obvious.   Our motto.will be exam*
pies in preference to precepts.
   The bowels should be evacuated freely with  the bilious
physic.  If there should be symptoms of a collection of
morbid matter in the stomach, one  of (he emetic powders
(see phar.) may be exhibited first.  Bontset tea, at the
same time, should be freely drank.  When there is deli-
rium or symptoms of a great determination  of blood to
the brain, the feet should  be soaked in warm weak  ley,
and cold lotions applied to the head, and the back of the
neck cupped,  blistered or poulticed with a  mustered or
cayenne pepper poultice.
   Should  fever continue, the surface should be bathed 01
spunged from  head to foot, once  in two or three hours
through the day, as  long  as the skin is  dry.   If there ii
nausea and vomiting,  soda powders, or small doses of
saleratus in water, may be given ;  the bowels should be
kept open  by the  bilious  or while liquid physic.  Diet
light;  as  a common drink, a decoction of pleurisy root,
amaranthus, or  lemonade is the best.   If restlessness,
dovers  powders.   The  room should be well  ventilated.
Too much company should not be  allowed.
   In that form of fever, more strictly called  nervous,  and
typhus, great advantage will often  arise from  cold effu-
sion.  This is done by spunging the surface with cold  wa-
ter or ley, or placing the patient on a suitable bed,  and
throwing several quarts of  cold water on him.  This, in-
directly, acts as a stimulus, and has a  remarkable effect
to rouse the system when re-action takes place.   In  this
form of fever, much purging is not necessary.  Steam-
bath improper.
   In what is called typhus gravior, or putrid fever, where 
YELLOW  FEVER.
23
putrescent symptoms appear, antisceptics are indicated;
Yeast should be administered in combination with Sweet
or Castor Oil.  The treatment of inflammatory fever will
necessarily be prompt.  Blood must be taken in some ca»
•es, in order to relieve the head.
                INTERMITTENT FEVER.

  Intermittents are readily distinguished from every other
form of idiopathic fever, by their occurrence in paroxysms:,
exhibiting in the course of about eight hours, all the sta-
ges of  fever, its rise, progress and termination in recovery
of health.  The symptoms which occur in a paroxysm of
Intermittent Fever, divide themselves obviously into the
told, the hot and  the  sweating stages.  The  hot stage
is usually attended with nausea and vomiting, scanty and
high colored urine, a humid breathing, considerable head-
ache, throbbing of the temples, confusion of thought, or
even delirium.   The  febrile symptoms generally abate,
are followed by perspiration, and the pulse returns to the
natural standard.  After a certain interval, the same train
of symptoms return; when the paroxysm returns in twenty-
four hours, it is called  a quotidian ; in forty-eight hours,
the  tertian, in seventy-two hours the quartian.  When
this disease occurs in the spring, it is called vernal ague,
and in  the fall, autumnal.   The remittent type of this
disease, occurs chiefly  in hot countries, and is  known by
the febrile symptoms, abating only  in  a  greater or lest
degree between the paroxysms ;  but they do not  go en-
tirely off.
                  FEVER TREATMNT.

  The treatment of this disease divides itself into tww
parts    The treatment during the paroxysm or fit, and ia
The intervals between them.   During  the  paroxysm, the
ereat object of the practitioner is, to hasten its different
Biases, and endeavor to  remove urgent symptoms, if any
.hould occur.  In the cold stage, let  the  patient be put
JBto a warm bed;  to his feet, and thighs, and body, 1*
                           3 
26    INTERMITTENT FEVER TREATMENT.

there be  applied  bottles,  filled with  hot  water,  or hot
bricks rolled in cloths, dampened wiih rqtial parts ol vin-
egar and  water.    In  the mean lime, administer • warm
diluted drinks,  such as  peppermint, catnip or cupato-
rium, (boiie-sel) tea, with a lea s|>oonful of ihe red drops
or sudorific tincture once in hall an hour, or an hour. If the
head should be hot and leet cold, the leet  may be placed
in warm weak ley.   If there should be great pain in the
head, delirium or coma, sinapisms (mustard poultice.) or a
poultice in which there is capsicum, should be prescribed,
to be applied to the back of the neck.
   An cmelic of equal parts of Ipecacuanha and  pulver-
ized Lobelia, a small tea spoonful of each.  to which may
be added two grains of pulverized capsicum, administer-
ed just before the fit ia  anticipated, is often  of  great be-
nefit.  This  will  frequently .pievent  the  paroxism, and
wholly break up (he disease.  In all cases previous to
the exhibition of this emetic, it  is found  best to drink
about two thirds of a cup full nf warm cupatorium  tea ;
then give the emetic in about the same quantity of warm
Water,  sweetened, if the patient should like it hest; re-
peat the dose in half an hour if it should not operate : di-
rect the patient to drink freely of  the boneset tea, while,
the emetic is operating.   He need not think it sirange if
it  should feel quite warm in the stomach.    Many objec-
tions have  been raised against the exhibition of Lobelia,
but principally, by those  that knew  but litlle about I ho
article, winch is  obvious  to  any one who  makes  much
use of it.   There is not the least danger when judiciously
administered.   Perhaps it is one of the  most valuable
medicines that our country affords.
   In some cases where there are symptoms of the collect-
ion of large quantities of vitiated matter in the stomach,
it  will be  found  advisable, after the  stomach  has  been
completely evacuated, to follow with a purgative.
   In the hot stage, cold  acidulated  drink  and diaphoret-
ics are proper.    Such as  an infusion of Pleurisy Root,
(Asclepias tuberose,) Amaratithus, Chamomile, and Le-
monade, fifteen or twenty grains of Dovers  powders may
be given.
   In the interval, the great object is to produce some im-
pression  on the system,  to prevent the developement of 
REMITTENT  FEVER.
27
Che fever, which may generally he done by the exhibition
of the wine billets, without any other remedy, in doses of
half or a whole wine glass, once in two hours through
the day.   Il this should fail, administer two grains of the
sulphate  of quinine, once in two, three, or  four  hours,
according  to the  urgency "of the case.   Keep the bowels
free with  the  bilious  physic and dyspeptic  pills.   If it
should prove obstinate,  order emetics—from  twelve to
twentv grains of ihe spiders web has heen recommended.
Thompsons composition powders.   The Virginia snake
root has  been used  with great success  in this disease, it
may be combined with  equal parts of Peruvian bark, taken
in wine,  gin or in illusion.   Lhxor vitriol in  doses of 10
or 18 drops may be given in cold water or infusion of Pe-
ruvian Hark for  (he excessive and  weakening sweats
which often  arc  a rnncttmiiant in this disease.
   Every means should  be  taken to give strength to the
patient; his diet should he  light, easy of digestion, and
the most nourishing.  Cheerfulness and moderate exer-
cise in pure ai<-  is  advisable,  avoiding the  evening and
damp air :—his hours should be early.
                  REMITTENT FEVER.

   This fever receives its  name from  the  appearance it
preserves throughout its progress, having affinity to both
intermittent and continued levers ;  but seems more near-
ly allied in the former than  the latter, by being attended
with a remission  or iibatemeni of  the  febrile symptoms
at irregular periods, and of  uncertain duration.  This fe-
ver in general, may  be ascribed to the same causes as in-
termittent.  It commences suddenly with weakness, low.
ness <tf spirits, vawnmg and slret  hing, pain and giddi-
ness of the  head,  with  alternate fits  of heat ami cold.
Sometimes delirium attends (l.e  first  attack.  There is
pain, and sometimes, swelling about (he region of the sto-
mach, tongue  white, ski.i frt quently ye.low. and frequent-
ly bilious vomiling;  pulse small and quick, seldom full.
In some cases, a  troublesome looseness attends;  at oth»
srs, the opposite extreme ;  it is impossible to describe all 
t8       REMITTENT FEVER TREATMENT-
the symptoms of this disease  as they often  Tary with the
different seasons of the year.

                     TREATMENT.

   The treatment of this disease, is to be regulated bj the
consideration of those principles which are laid down ap-
plicable to the treatment of intermittent*  and continued
fever.
   If there are symptoms of severe  gastric derangement,
such as vomiting of vitiated bile, it will be advisable to
exhibit an emetic,  following the rules laid down under the
head of Intermittens.  If it should continue obstinate,
troublesome, and  annoying  to  the patient, administer
Saleratus  in small  doses, or other preparations of potash,
soda powders, charcoal, pulverized in milk or s\rup, weak
ley, or an infusion  or  decoction  of the bark of the red
rose willow.  Direct  the common fomentation to be ap-
plied to the stomach, or brandy and bruised spearmint.
Pediluviums of weak ley to the feet.
   Let  the patient be purged freely with  the bilious, or
white liquid physic.   The stomach will ofien retain the
latter, when it would reject ihe foimer.   It should be gi-
ven, diluted with cold water—the former should have the
preference.
   It is of the  greatest importance  where  there is much
fever, as in the continued fever, to promote perspiration,
which will generally give immediate  relief antl prevent the
further advancement of the disease.   (For directions, see
continued  fever.)   Dovers  powders way  be  given at
night.  In convalescence prescribe  the wine and  vegeta-
ble tincture.
                   SCARLET FKVEB.

  The Scarlet Fever attacks the skin, the  tonsils and
 the mucus membranes in their neighborhood.   In mild
cases there is an effervescence with little or no affection of
the fauces.  In very severe cases j here is extensive ul-
ceration of the fauces attended with typhoid fever  but
with  little or no effervescence.   This is the extreme grade 
SCARLET  FEVER.
2d
of the disease and is called Cynancha: in the intermediate
cases both structures are  implicated  and the  disease is
then denominated Scarletina  anvinora.   In  ts  simple
form it commences with slight febrile symptoms.   The
eruption  appears about the second  day, first about the
neck and face in the form of innumerable red points which
in twenty four hours cover the whole body.  The color
•f the eruption is a bright scarlet.

                     TREATMENT.

   If nausea give an emetic, purge with the bilious physic;
promote perspiration, by saffron, pleurisy root or amaran-
thus tea and sudorific tincture,  warm foot bath, bathe the
surface with ley ;  poultice the throat if sore with the al-
kaline poultice ; also steam and apply the common line-
ament to it.
                   MILIARY FEVER.

  The symptoms of Miliary Fever are numerous: small red
pustules' preceded by a roughness produced *y  cold ap-
pear upon the skin collected sometimes in clusters so prom-
inent as to be distinctly feit but not seen; they produce in
ten or twelve Iwurs a whey colored vessicle which soon
becomes white   when the state of the vessicle is a little
more inflammatory the pustules are red ami the fluid in them
turns yellow, in  two or three days they fall off in scales,
the fluid is acrid and of a bad smell.   The symptoms of
fever^>ften increase before the appearance of the eruption;
pricking ami itching in the skin arid bowels, with numb-
ness ofthe extremities, particularly of the fingers and toes,
delirium, pain in the  head,  ringing in  the ears, pungent
beat in the breast, a sour rank profuse sweat with a small
pulse often precede the eruption: also epilepsy, inflamma-
tion of the eyes, with a waiery stale of them; these symp-
toms are relieved by the sweat.
   A  moderate sweat, free breathing,  without much de-
bility are favorable symptoms, and the contrary.
3» 
80
YELLOW FEVER.
TREATMENT,
  The treatment of the disease will be governed by gene-
ral  principles.   Promote perspiration  freely, bathe the
surface, evacuate the  bowels with the bilious physic, let
the patient drink saffron tea.
YELLOW FEVER.
   Yellow Fever as is well known prevails epidemically in
 various situations  and is one of peculiar dread from the
 mortality which marks its ravages.   The causes of its ap-
 pearance have  given rise to much controversy.  It has
 been described as  intermittent, remittent and continued.
 Yellowness of the skin is one of its characterestic symp-
 toms ; though it often turns its course without exhibiting
 this symptom, and we have reason to suppose that it often
 wears the livery or is masked under the symptoms of many
 other diseases when it prevails epidemically.  It is usu-
 ally ushered  in by languor and rigors.  There is some-
 times a peculiar dejection of countenance observed, with
 great aversion to the least motion, at other times  there ia
 an  appearance of intoxication, the face is flushed and a
 distressing head ache attends of a  peculiar  kind,  it is se-
 vere and refered to the forehead and bottom of the orbits.
 The eyes appear dull, glassy and  suffused.   The tongue
 is at first furred  and  moist  and trembling ;  by  degrees it
 becomes dry and black  or of a fiery red color.    To this
 succeeds great irritability of the stomach which is follow-
 ed by "black vomit," and a  catalogue  of distressing
symptoms, which vary in different patients until death ciW
es the scene,  unless the disease be  averted.
  The principle of free sweating is no less applicable in
 the treatment of this disease than  in other  fevers   This
 was clearly proved at the time it raged at New-York sev-
 eral years ago, and needs no comment.   If delirium
 cup, poultice and  blister the back of the neck ; bathe
 the surface with  ley—puke  and purge.
  For the obstinate vomiting which often attends,  admin-
 »ter, soda, ealeratus,  charcoal, &c.   When there is a 
PHRENETIS.
31
                   TREATMENT.          l.\
tendency to putrescency,  give yeast.  Treatment must
be prompt.
                      PHRENITIS.

   Phrenitis or acute inflammation of the brain,or its mem-
 branes is a disease so singularly modified in its principal
 features, by the circumstance of age, as  to require to be
 described separately as it occurs in adults and in  children.
 In adults it is characterised by the following symptoms :
 violent inflammatory fever, redness ol the eyes and face, in-
 tolerence of light and sound, great headache with extreme
 restlessness and above all early and fierce delirium.   The
 acute phrenitis of adults, is a disease of great danger, and
 it may commence on any of the textures within  the cran-
 ium.
   In children it is termed Hydrocephalus^ prevails chiefly
 from the third to the sixth year of life; Us premonitory stage,
 is that of common infantile fever such as often accompan-
 ies dentition or a  foul stomach or disordered stale of the
 bowels, the pulse is quick,  the skin hot, sleep disturbed
 the tongue white,  some degree of nausea and vomiting,
 with thirst, reslessness  ami want  of appetite,  the body
■ wastes  and  the skin is flabby, headache, impatience  of
 light and noise, a flushed countenance,  redness of the
 eyes, contracted pupil, tossing the  arms and shrieking
 without obvious cause with  symptoms of inlantile  fever.
 In this disease cupping  the temples is an  important part
 of the treatment and should be immediately attended to.
 After this purge  freely with the  b.lious physic,  from
 half to a tea-spoon full of cream of tartar should be occa-
 sionally added ; the  purging should be repeated as often
 as every day  or every other day as occasion, may require.
 Emetics in this disease should seldom be  given.  If the
 ease be urgent shave the head and use the sal-ammomao
 wash, to reduce  the heat,  and apply  blisters behind tha

    In this disease  a great determination  of blood to the 
82
PUERPERAL  FEVER.
  In this (Yf ease a  grent determination of blood to the
head in general exists, and  to produce an equilibrium in
the circulation is of great importance; to fulfil this indica-
tion use the font bath,  made o|  weak ley or warm wa-
ter with a handful  of salt.  Synapisms, (mustard  poul-
tice.)  Where there isMrynessol the skin and fever, sponge
the patient  with tepid weak ley.   Where too much ex-
citement docs not exist,  give ll.e sudorfic linclure in tea-
spoon  full doses once in one or two hours according to
circumstances, combined with  warn, tlilui nt drinks.  In
cases of restlessness or watchfulness give Dovers Powders,
from five to twenty grain doses according to  the age of
the patient;  much  benefit may  often be expected by ap-
plying blisters  tt» the back of the neck.  It  will often be
found necessary to repeat the cupping ; much  advantage
has also been derived from the  application of a slipper/
elm poultice to the head.
                  PUERPERAL FEVER.

   Puerperal fever is a disease peculiar to women aftef
delivery, and such is  its danger that in the European hos-
pitals it is computed, thai three founds of all who are at
tacked fall sacrifices  to its power.
   Puerperal fever generally commences on the second or
third day after the delivery, with a chilliness succeeded with
pains in the head, ringing in the ears,  great anxiety and
restlessness ; Ihe abdomen soon becomes affected, is  ex-
tremely painful  to the touch anil more or less tumefied,
severe pain in  ihe back, hips ami sometimes legs, with
laborious  respuation.   The  milk sudden'y  disappears,
there is great  prostration of strength, depression of spi-
rits and watchliihiess ; the skin  is in some cases natural, at
others hot and dry, at first afierwards moist and clammy,
with many more symptoms of  a violent and rapidly  fatal
disease.

                    TREATMENT.
  Perhaps there is no disease incident  to the human eye*
ten, which calls for  more prompt and decisive treatment 
INFLAMMATION OF THE EAR.        3S
than this,   From a consideration of the rapidity, violence,
destructiveness and danger in this formidable  disease,
remedies or means to give immediate relief, should be the
paramount, the engrossing subject of thought.   The pa-
tient should be purged  freely wiih the bilious physic, oc-
casionally combined with cream of tartar.  Promote per-
spiration or moisture on the surface  by the exhibition of
warm diluent  drink and sudorific tincture ;  the surface
should often be bathed  or spunged with warm weak ley  ;
foot bath and synapisms to the feet.
  But  as an  external remedy, perhaps the most benefit
may be derived from the repeated application of the com-
mon fomentation, warm  to the  abdomen, (belly); also
the stimulating  fomentation ;  the discutient green  and
white ointment may be rubbed over the abdomen, with de-
aided good effect.   If there is  not too  much  tenderness
and soreness of the abdomen, cup.
  Dovers powders or some other anodyne should be givea
at night:  diet light such as barley water, arrow root, ta-
pioca,  toast  waters tec. fee.   If much thirst,  a tea of
white root or amaranthus may  be given.
             INFLAMMATION OP THE EAR.

  When affected with inflammation, the pain is very acute
and severe, attended with more or less fever and on some
occasions delirium  ensues.  This  disease  may be pro-
duced by the same causes with other inflammations, but by
none more readily than a partial exposure to cold, as when
a current of air is driven forcibly into the ear through nar-
row crevices in doors or windows &c.

                    TREATMENT.

  In this disease much advantage may be derived from
steaming the ear and cupping  behind them, but of all ap-
plications the following perhaps may be most relied on:
bore a bole in an onion and fill it with sweet oil then roast
the onion and express  (he  juice to which add a propor-
tion of laudanum, put Ih s into the ear with a little cotton.
An onion poultice or roasted  onion, applied to the  ear is 
34        INFLAMMATION OF THE  FACE.
 also good.   If these should fail apply a blister behind the
. ear, and alkaline poultices are often applied with benefit;
 many encomiums are made on an application of the oil
 of eels and honey.   Anodynes nmy be often given to ad-
 vantage as Dovers powders, &c.
             INFLAMMATION OF THE FACE.

  Inflammation of tlie face may proceed from all the com-
mon causes of inflammation, but in by for (he greater num-
ber" of cases, has its origin in carious or defective teeth.

                    TREATMENT.

  Apply capsicum which has been boiled in a small linea
rag to the face also the alkaline poultice, if attended with
fever  exhibit the  sudorific fim-fuie with  warm diluent
drinks to promote perspiration,  likewise (he foot bath of
weak  ley or warm water, when occasioned by a carious
tooth  much benefit will often be experienced by the ap-
plication of a few drops of the oil of cloves or a little ca-
psicum  to the tooth.
 CYNANCIIA TONSILARIS, OR INFLAMMATORY SORE THROAT,
                        QUINCY.

   This  is an inflammation  affecting one or bo*.h tonsils,
 and  often  extending  through the  whole of (he mucus
 membrane of the ihroal and mould, so as to interrupt the
 speech and the power of su allowing and of respiration.
"This disease is commonly occasioned by cold, the sudden
 vicissitudes of weather, silting in wet rooms,  or other ways
 giving a sudden check to perspiration.   The suppression
 of accustomed evacuations will likewise ptoduee this dis-
 ease.  This disease is manifest from iJie redness and heat
 of the tonsils, drynes> of ihe  throat, a quick, hard pulse,
 and other symptoms of fever.

                     TREATMENT.

   The formidable and distressing symptoms of this dis-
ease,  may often be obviated by the timely exhibition of ao 
CYNANCHA MALIGNA
35
emetic.  The common emetic powder should be given in
the usual way.  This will produce a determination of the
fluids to the surface, and have a tendency to suppress the
great febrile excitement  which usually attends  (his local
affection.   As far as practicable, considering  the  locali-
ty of the disease, all (he means recommended for the sup-
pression of febrile excitementshould be attended to.  Much
benefit will he derived  from the application of different
remedies to  the  throat, externally  as the common  linea-
ment, stimulating liquid, green oil, common and alkaline
poultice, (see phar.)  The inhalations of steam fioin a
decoction  of bitter heibs, are of importance.'  Often
through the day,  gargles should be used ; either stimula-
ting astringent, or aniiphlogestic, according to circum-
stances.   Purge  occasionally, with the  bilious  or  white
liquid physic.  Relief may be obtained by puncturing the
gland when suppuration is expected to have taken place.
Diet should be light.   As this  disease is brought  on by
taking cold, great care is requisite on the part of the pa-
tient, not to expose himself to  a cm rem of cold air, until
out ofdanjer, as there  is a great susceptibility of relapse,
    CYNANCTIA MALIGNA ULCERATED SORE THROAT.

  This disease comes on w'tii rigors, dejection of spirits,
pain in the head and back, giddiness, vomiting, and much
general oppression.   There is a great  determination  of
blood to the brain, redness of the eyes, intolerance of light,
throbbing pain of the head, and delirium or coma, a long
and varied train  of occasional symptoms are liable to oc-
cur, distinctly mentioned by some authors, but of little im-
portance in treatment.

                     TREATMENT.
  The treatment of this disease is similar to that of Cf-
nancha Tonsilaris, other than its tendency to gangrene,
and slouching.   Antisceptics should be used to counter-
act  this^tendericy.   Use gargle- made of hyssop, sage,
yeast, and borax.  Yeast may be given internally.  1 he
following has been used with  decided  advantage.   Cay- 
30
INFLUENZA.
•mne, two table spoonsful ; salt, equal quantity, in half
a pint of boiling water, add the same quantity of vinegar,
strain, and take two table spoonsful once in half an hour,
as a gargle.   Soap  and rum melted together, has bean
recommended.
           CYNANCHA PAROTIDIA, OR MUMPS.

  This is a contagious disease, affecting mostly children,
and young  persons.  It is known  by  an external  mova-
ble swelling on one -ide of the neck, and frequently, on
both.   These (umors occupy the paroted glands, are large,
and hard, somewhat painful, and continue to increase un-
til the fourth day, when they, with the attending fever, de-
cline, and soon  disappear.  After these symptoms have
subsided, the ceratu a in males, and the breast in females,
are liable to swell, and become painful,  which generally
subsides in a few days.

                    TEEATMENT.

  Melted sugar put on scorched  wool, should be applied
to the part affected.
                      INFLUENZA.

   This singular epidemic sometimes within a few days, hat
affected  almost  every  individual in a village, and given
rise to a general coughing and wheezing, so  as to inter-
rupt conversation.   At the same lime, few or none so ill
as to  require medical  treatment.   Its  symptoms vary
little from common colds.  Yet cases sometimes  occur
which require active medical treatment.

                    TREATMENT.
  Give a tea made of dandelion,  purge,  and vomit, pro-
note perspiration by catnip tea, febrifuge, tincture and va-
por bath.   Thompson's composition powders  may be gi-
ven in  warm tea, occasionally, through the day. 
PNEUMONIA.
37
                 PLEURISY, PLEURITIS.

  A pleurisy is an  inflammation  of the pleura or mem-
brane which lines ihe thoiax,  and envelopes the lungs.
This disease begins with a  sense  of cold and shivering,
followed by heat, thirst, flushing  of the face, and other
febrile symptoms.   The pulse is quick, hard, and strong,
and an acute pain is felt in  one of the sides, most com-
monly the right, which increases  upon every inspiration,
with difficulty of King on  the  affected side; hardness of
breathing, and a short cough.

                    TREATMENT.
  Vomit and purge as occasion may require, promote per-
spiration with the sudorific  tincture,  warm diluents, and
Dover's powders, of which, from  five to twenty  grains
may be given at night.  A "decoction of the pleurisy root
may be used  as a constant  drink, with  great advantage;
warm  fomentations should  constantly be applied to the
side and chest, also, mustard poultices to the leet and side.
If the pain should not subside, bathe the feet, and apply  a
blister to the side.   If the cojugh is troublesome, admin-
ister an infusion of  slippery elm bark, a decoction of hoar-
hound and honey ;  balsam  of honey ; expectorant tinc-
ture ; amaranthus, and the usual preparation recommend-
for cough.
      PKEUMDNIA, OR INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS.

  This disease  is sometimes complicated with pleurisy,
and there ;s such analogy in their nature  and character,
that instances occur,  in which  physicians are unable to
draw  the line of distinction.  In  Pneumonia, there is a
variation of symptoms according as the inflammation ef-
fects more especially, the substance of the lungs, and their
proper covering, or  the  contiguous  membranes.   The
symptoms  are.  great oppression  of the breast,  difficult
breathing,  obiuse pain in some part of (he chest, cough,
dryness of the skin, heat, and anxiety.  Pulse full, strong,
hard, and frequent; in the advanced stage, weak, soft, and
often irregular.
4 
88
CONSUMPTION-
                     TREATMENT.

   The great indication in the treatment of this disease, it
to lessen the inflammation; to fulfil this, strict antiphlogis-
tic means  must be persevered in.   Diet stiictly  light.
Purging and vomiting are requisite, perspiration  should
be promoted  by warm diluents,  tui'onfc  tincture, Do-
ver's powders, steam bath, which is of great importance.
Bleeding, cupping, and  blistering, is sometimes requisite
in very  acute  cases.   Warm fomentations  to the  chest
are necessary : also, the inhalation of the steam  of the
common fomentation.   An  infusion of white root, iima-
ranthus, slippery elm bark and other mucilaginous articles
may be drank  freely.   A decoction of hemlock boughs is
good.   Diuietics are of importance.  If (here is an ob-
stinate, troublesome cough, the remedies recommended
for consumption, are admissable, provided the inflammato-
ry symptoms linve sufficiently subsided.  The syrup of
poppies may be given to much advantage.
                      CON31 MPl'ION.

    It is a  melancholy  truth,  that consumption occa-
 sions almost one seventh of lie deaths among us.
    The immeil ate cause in thelargest | roporiion of cases
 are tubcrebs. i t small lumens, which suppurate,and form
 ulcers in the subsume of the lungs.   Between this dis-
 ease and scrofula, there appears an obvious connection.
 Consumption  is  generally, the consequence  of colds
 and coughs ; but local and  accidental causes may pro-
 duce it.  Some occupations in life have a tendency to
 produce it,  surh as tailors, Jioemakers, &c.   The:first
 symptoms,  otnerally, are  a  short  dry cough, an tnea-
 siness about tlie che t;  a ».cnse ofpain under the breast
 bone on Iving down ; the  breathing  oppiessed  by the
 least quick' n-d rn.itioii,  particularly in hot roonis, pr
 in  moist weather: spirUs very irregul tr, either very
 lively, or much  dejected, wiihout any  known reason,
 and gradually  e naciation, more easily affected, -wiih
 slight colds.  As  the disease  advances, the  cott«h in-
 creases ; exp*ctnraii<in bee »mes more copious, and  if
occasionally s're iked wiih blood;  the  pulse gradually
becomes solt, small, and a little  *c derated ; but at 
TREATMENT.
39
length full", bard, small and  frequent, with the whole
train of symptoms which accompany a hectic fever.

                     TREATMENT.

   If the patient is  troubled with  cough of long stand-
ing, which appears deep seated, breathing laborious, ap-
petite poor, a gridual wasting of the sys em in general,
pain in the chest, win ther or not attended wiih free ex-
pectoration, we ought immediately to rcn ler the most
prompt service,  and our first object should be to regu-
late the system in general, particularly the stomach and
bowels, for which purpose in this stage of the disease,
we may commence by giving  an emetic of LobeHa Inf.
and epicacranha, the operation of which  will cleanse
the stomach of any  offensive  matter it may contain, re-
lieve in a manner  the difficulty in  breathing, promote
expectoration  as well as perspiration, all of  which are
very necessary at this stage of the  disease.  The ope-
ration of the emetic  may tie followed  by gentle cathar-
tics, as occasion may require.  It may be proper here
to remark, that drastic cathartics  throughout the  whole
course of this  disease, are unnecessary, if not injurious.
If there be much difficulty of expectoration, the expec-
torant tincture should be given in dose- of from fifteen to
twenty drops four  or five  times  a day, in hoar-hound
tea, well sweetened.  Afier using the above, if the cough
and other  symptoms do not  abate, recourse must be
had to the pulmonary balsam, in doses of a wine-glass
full, gradually increased to as much as the stomach will
bear, four or five times a day, with an attention to the
regularity of the system generally, which should con-
stitute one of our chief auxiliaries in  the treatment of
this disease.
   If hemorrhage from the lungs at any time should take
place, the  most prompt  efforts  should  immediately
be used to suppress  it, and for this, the cranes bill and
the Hamamilis Virginicus will generally answer every
•purpose.   A decoction  made of equal  parts of each,
may be given freely, enjoining re/t, and cooling drink,
and diet until it is checked , it is  here that our attention
as well as eff »rts should be directed  to the pa ient, to
check the  bleeding, without  resorting to the  lancet; 
40
TREATMENT.
  the debilitating effects of which are very evident,as well
  as is the necessity of die pnnent, retaining all possifclo
  strength.   The immediate flow of blood, being sub-
  dued,  the  vegetable  syrep  ought  then  to be  given
  in doses of a wine-nliss full, ihr. e  limes a dav, and
  may be increased so as to  produce a slight  nausea,
  which will  also have a tendency to check hemorrhage.
  In all  cases where there is much coughing or  spilling
  of blood, the vegetable sy rep ought to be given in prefer-
  ence  to ihe pulmonary bahem   and continued ai least
  until all bleeding ceases.   And  in all cases of Phthisis
  from  the well kcown effects of digitalis, in lessening
  the force of circulation, from the evidence of many prac-
  titioners having used it with success, and from  the fact
  of our having removed the water in rases of Hydiotho-
  rax, in whicb  the cough, bleeding, expectoration, and
  all other symptoms which  before very much resembled
  incipient phthisis, were evidently removed, we are dis-
  posed to  recommend  ibis article as tine of the  most
  powerful and  esstnial  remedies, for the successful
  treatment of this disease, to bo given in connection with
  the vegetable syrup.  Eiilier a decoction of the leavetY
  two thirds  of a tea spoonful  in  powder, to one pint of
  boiling water, ami this quantity to'be taken  daily, if
  circumstances  will admit,  orfiom ten to fifteen drops
- of the tincture three limes  a  day.  These ought to  be
  continued for some lime, as circumstances  and symp-
  toms may indicate, in either  increased  or diminished
  quantities.  If after the use of these remedies, the dis-
  ease should still continue to progress with  an expecto-
  ration of pus, and increase  of pain, an issue is good,
  but moderate size should  be made on  that  part of the
  breast where  the  pain is  seated, and consideiable dig-
  change produced, and continued for 6ome time with the
  use of iheNabove-irieulioned remedies, or if the oppres-
  sion and difficulty of bit a hing be  great, a blister may
  be first applied.  This is a very critical point of the dis-
  ease ;  for it is now that iever, hectic, and night sweats
  take  place, if  it be noi checked in its course, which
  ought to be most promptly aitended to. For this purpose,
  if the  state  of the system will  admit ihe restorative cor-
  dial, with the^addition of some wi.d cherry-tree bark, 
TREATMENT.                41
 should be given in decoction, and not prepared in wine,
 for all kinds of stimulants in litis disease, are evidently
 injurious, especially in this stage.  If fever should com-
 mence in paroxysms, the amaianlhus alone, or in com-
 bination with Virginia snake-root should be gjvcn, or a
 decoction of'boneset well sweetened, in such doses as to
 produce moderate perspiration, and in  the inu mission,
 the restorative cordial should still be  continued, but in
 increased doses.  In this stage of the disease,  (he pul-
 monary  balsun should be given as before stated, also a
 strong decoction of white pine bark, to be taken freely
 and frequently.  This article may be used wiih advan-
 tage in all stages of this disease, without  interference
 with the other  articles.   To prevent night sweats, the
 elixir vitriol in doses of fifteen or twenty drops, three
 or four times a day; this will generally  be  sufficient.
 If at any time  during the course  of the disease,  pus
 should  be expectorated in considerable quantities evi-
 dently proving that an ulcer had formed, means ought
 still to be persisted  in, as though we were  certain of
 performing  a cure.   And  as a  remedy here, certain
 powders prepared very fine, should be inhaled, for by
 experience,  we are assured that  not the least injury
 will result if properly used;  but on the contrary, much
 benefit may be expected, for as an  application  to an
 external ulcer  has a good effect, why  will ii  not have
 the same effect if applied to an internal one?  And from
 the well  known properties of blood root, when applied
 to ulcers, it  stands as a good remedy, and  therefore
 ought  to be used in small quantities by the aid of a fun-
 nel, two  or  three times daily, in connection with  the
 other means recommended.   There are also  other re-
 medics which  might be used with safety,  as  well as
 prospect of relief, such  as  the Indian turnip, the  red
 raspberry, crowfoot and  beihroot. the two latter of
which, more especially may prove beneficial in cases
 attended  with  bleeding,  therefore,  if  one fail,  the
other may be used, or by mixing them.  If a»'ler using
with proper  perseverance the above means, the disease
 aontinucs to progress, all  hopes of recovery are gone,
different remedies may be resorted  to to protract  life,
and render the  feeble remainder of existence as com-
fortable aatbe nature of the case will albw.
                        4« 
42                  PERTUSSU8.
  The diet in this disease should be light, and nourish-
ing,  and easy of digestion.   The clothing should be
warm  and soft,  and a  pure anil  healthy atmosphere
should be enjoyed in all cases where it is attainable.
            PERTUSSUS OR .HOOPING COUGH.

  This is  a convulsive cough, attended with a peculiar
sonorous (spasmodic) inspiration, or hoop ng, from whence
it has derived its name.  It  generally commences like a
common cold, with slight lebrile symptoms, a hoarse cough,
and difficult expectoration, which often lasts several days
or weeks, before the disease appears to be nctually form-
ed.   It depends on a specific contagion which can effect
a person but once in life.  It is often  dangerous, and at
best,  tedious ; carrying  its own evidence  with it, which
requires no detail of symptoms.

                      TREATMENT.
   This disease is one  arising from  a specific conta-
gion, over which we have no direct control.  It has a'ten-
dency torun acovrse and wear itself out;  hence, nothing
morels expected than an alleviation of the urgent symp-
toms. Many credulous persons believe in wonderful cures
from certain specifics, which are urged upon the commu-
 ni'y by impostors or inexperienced practitioners, and which
 not unfrequently give the sufferer a passport to a bourn
 beyond the reach of earthly maladies, when, if noihirg but
 attention to diet, cleanliness, and  good air had  been ob-
 served, health would have soon returned.   Much advan-
 tage might be derived from the exhibition of an emetic, or
 the expectorant tincture. An open state of the bowels is
 essential to a favorable progress of the disease ;  an occa-
 sional dose of sweet or castor oil, or bilious physic may
 be given.   Elixir Paregoric  is given  with success,  also,
 syrup of  poppies, syrup of garlics,  and  cough  drops
 should be given  when  the cough  is very troublesome.
 Saleratus, one drachm,  to a gill of water is said to be good
 in a tea spoon full to a  child ; foot  bath and stimulating
 poultice  to the leet. 
GASTRITIS.
43
DIAPHAAOMITIS OR INFLAMMATION* OF THE DIAPHRAGM.
  CARDITIS^ INFLAMMATION OF THE HEART, AND PERI-
  CARDITIS INFLAMMATION OF THE PERICARDIUM.

  Are on most occasions, scarcely to be distinguished
from  Pneumonia, and  probably  are  combined with  it.
In all thf se cases, nearly the same course of treatment
must be observed.

                     TREATMENT.

  Perspiration should be promoted externally, by warm
fomentations  and blisters.  In chronic cases, an alter-
ative course should be  recommended.  The alterative
syrup may be prescribed.   Much  benefit will be de-
rived from the exiernal application of caustic, so  as to
produce a  discharge abjut that region.
     GASTRITIS, OR INFLAMMATION OF THE STOMACH.

  An inflammation of the stomach  is an acute disease,
attended with great danger.   It may proceed from a vari-
ety of causes, as swallowing mineral acids, eating unripe
fruit, ardent spirits, suppressed perspiration, violent pas-
sions    It is  known by a burning pain  in  the region of
the  stomach ; anxiety, restlessness, excessive heat,  and
continual vomiting, great soreness and tension of the sto-
mach, with flatulence and thirst.  The pulse  quick, hard
and contracted.   The symptoms vary in proportion to the
acuteness of the disease.

                     TREATMENT.

  All stimulating,  acrid, or irritating articles should be
carefully avoided.  Mucilage of slippery elm, and balm tea
may be occasionally given through the day  ; scarcely any
internal remedy can be borne by the stomach, until the
violence of the disease has subsided. Small doses of sweet,
or castor oil may be given, if retained  until  the bowels
are moved.   The. bowels should  be evacuated by injec-
tion if the stomach is loo  irritated  to  retain  purgatives;
fomentation and  blisters should be applied  externally.
Much advantage will be  observed  from the exhibition of
the black drop, in doses of from eight to twelve drop* 
44
HEPATISIS.
Tln3 will  allay irritation, pain, vomiting,  and  procure
sleep.  Soda powders, and a solution of saleratus is often
given with success.   Cupping  and b.coding  will some-
times be found necessiiry.
       HEPATISIS, OR INFLAMMATION OF THE LIVER.

   This disease  generally  commences with rigor or
 shivering, which is succeeded by febule heat, wiih pain
 either acme or dull, under  ihe short ribs of the right
 side, increased by pressure on ihe part, and frequently
 extending to the collar b me  and shoulder.   There  is
 difliculiy of lung on the left  side, sht r.ness of breath,
 a dry cough, ami sometimes vomiting of bilious matter,
 attended  wiih  hiccough.   The symptoms vary in  this
 disease, according to the deg.ee of  inflammation  and
 the pari of the liver affected.

                     TREATMENT.

   The  treatment of this disease  must be distinguished,
 as it is of the acute  and chronic form.  In acute hepa-
 tisis where ihe symptoms  run high, no  delay should
 be made in endeavoring to promote a tree peispiration,
 either by steam both, warm diluent drinks, and  sudori-
 fic tincture, infusion of pleurisy  root or Dover's pow-
 ders.   Purge free'y with the  bilious  physic, if the sto-
 mach is too irritable, and it should not be retained, the
 while liquid physic will be  preferable, this has been
 highly extolled for liver complaints and will usually be
 retained.   Emetics are necessiiry in many cases,where
 there are symptoms of a great accumulation of morbid
 matter in the stomach, it should  be followed by a pur-
 gative.   If there is annoying nausea and vomiting, soda
 and saleratus may be given  ; als ■>, an infusion of mint,
 With much benefit.   Much advantage miy be obtained
 by the application of external remedies, such  as  the
 common fomentation, ofien  repeated,  warm stimulating
liquid, hot bricks rolled in do:lis  m islenetl with vine-
gar and  water, mustard pouliice. soap  plaster, blistering
and cupping. The feet .should be  b uhed in warm weak
ley, and sinapisms applied ;  anodynes shoyld be exhi-
ailcd when the pain is great in the *ide, narlicularlv »t 
CYRT.TIS.
43
night;  the best will bi the blue'* drops, dose from 3 to
15 drops, in a  little sweetened water, a Coding to the
age of the  patient.  Much  advantage is often  derived
from rubbing ihe white ointment op the side.  After the
inflammatory  symptoms  have somewhat sul si led, the
alterative syrup should  be recommended,  wiih two
grains of muriate  of mercury to the bottle.   '
  Chronic Hkpatisis, is chaia<ieiisod by a continu-
ance  of the acute symptems in  a milcer  form, and
should have a similar treatment to the acute.  Much de-
pentlance is place! mi the alterative syrup,  in which
there is the muriate of mercury, two grains to ihe bottle.
Purge with the bilious physic, dNpeplic pill,  and white
liquid physic.  Diet should be light; moderate exercise
in the open air is  of great import nice ; if there is con-
stipttion of the bowels, and it cannot  be obviated  by
purgatives,  much  mlvantage will  be  derived  from a
bread male from whea",  without trie bran being  sepa-
rated.   The whi'e oiu ment should  be applied exter-
nally, the  sear cloth and  sttengtnening  plaster; some-
times much advantage, will be  derived from the exhibi-
tion  of eme ics, bv unloading  the stomach of vitiated
secretion, and  exciting a  healthy action.
      CYSTITIS OR INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER.

  In this complaint the patient experiences a violent pain
in the legion of the bladder, sometimes  attended wiih ex-
ternal redness in (fiat (tart.   There is frequent desire and
great difficulty in voiding the urine, often a total suppres-
sion with frequent eftbris  to expel the fae :es  occasioned
bp the perpetual irritation of these parts.   These symp-
toms  are accompanied with  febrile  heat, sickness and
vomiting, great anxiety and  restlessness.   Sometimes de-
lirium and coldness of the extremities ensues.

                     TREATMENT.

  In this disease the principles of treatment are the same
as in nephritis,  the  patient should be steamed over a va-
por bath, repeatedly  ; purge, foment,  cup, blister and
give diuretics.   Infusion  of the seeds of  n.arshmailows
or slippery elin bark have been syringed into the bladder. 
46
BILIOUS CHOL.IC.
through a silver tube  or catheter, with almost a specific
effect.
                    iulious cholic.

   This disease is nitenth d with  acute  pain,  diffused
over, or in differei t parts  of the abdomen, often fixed
about the region of 1 Ite nnval, and (he abdomen  is some-
times much confined.  The patient is troubled with a
biiter ta>ie in  the mouth, with  great  bent, tliirst,  and
fever, and a vomiting ot yellowish or greenish bile.   Ho
discharges litile or no urine, and (here is . bstinate cos-
tiveness.   When  the disease  is exueniely  violent,  «nd
the peristaltic motion of (he bowels becomes inverted, it
is called llliac ptission.
   It is  a highly inflammatory disease.

                      TREATMENT.

   In the treatment of this disease, the object is to free
the bowels from the load which oppresses (hem, but the
practiiioner must keep in view that  irritable state of
the  whole  tract of the alimentary eatial,  which is to
prominent  a feature  in (his disease. .If (here should
be much  vomiting; soda,  salleratus  or  a decocj
tion  of Dogacame,  or   an  inlusii n  of  raspberry
leaves or mint should be given.   The common fomen-
tation warm.  Stimulating liquid and mustard poultices
are necessary in bliois < holic, as we^ as in  every other.
The feet should I  e placed in a tub of weak ley for  half
or three quarters of  an hour, afier  which  mustard poul-
tices should  be applied.  Mmuld  pain  and  vomiting
continue, opiumal once suggests itself as a rendv means
of allaying the morbid irritability of the stomach  and
bowels.  A pill of three  grains may  be  giveti to  an
adult, once in (wo hours if necessary, if the pain should
be great.   This wll enable (he pia< titioner to adminis-
ter purgatives  wiih more  advantage.   The  bilious
chtdic physic or ti ictiire of Jalap, should  be given in
small,or large doses, often repealed  according lo cir-
cumstances.  If tanly in their operation, thi-y should
be assisted by the common injection, containing a  tea
ipoonful of laudanum,  or  stimulating injections of to» 
COUCA  PICTONUM.              47
bacco smoke are celebrated in this disease. They should
be administered by uh-mih of a bl.t I ler  with a tube into
which the smoke is forced.   We will here, observe that
always in giving inji ciions the tube introduced into the
rectum should be covered with soine unctions substance
to prevent Jrri aiion. C ire shoul I be iciken to introduce
it in a straight line  will  the passage  which  curves a
little la-kward, a cloth may  be ptessed against tha
arms to prevent ihe injection  f.oui passing away too
soon.    „
   Croton oil has been given with much success in this
disease, in doses of from one 10 five drops.
   The diet should be light.
COLICA PICTONUM. DRY BELLY ACHE OR PAINTERS C IIOLIC.
  This species of Cholis is attributed to the deleterious
properties of lead.  It has been denominated Devonshire
cholic  from  its prevalence in that country occasioned
as supposed by drinking cider kept in  lead vessels.
  The patient  is seized  with acute  spasmodic pain in
the pit of th>i  stomach,  which gradually extends to the
whole  intestinal  canal,  particularly  around the  naval.
The bowels are frequently drawn towards the spine so as
render injections impracticable ;  loss of appetite yellow-
ness in the countenance, slight nausea, and obstinate cos-
tiveness.  The whole region of the beily becomes highly
painful to  the  touch,  the muscles of the abdomen  are
contracted into In^d irregular knots ; pulse generally low.

                      TREATMENT.

   The treatment in this  is much the same as in bilious
eholic.  Fomentations to the abdomen, the warm bath
and emollient injections containing laudanum,  will con-
tribute materially t:> a  3peedy and successful  result.  Tha
black drop, or  opium pill  should be given in  repeated
doses.   (Sit; pharmacy )   E»ery means should be used
la  produce free purging.  When  the bowels ere once
freely  moved, the pain mhich 'ia('  been excruciating will
quickly subside.  A return of the disease is to be guard-
ded against by the  constant use of some  aperient medi-
cine.   The dyspeptic  pill should b<3 occasionally taken 
48             CHOLIC, CHOLICA.

at night.   Spirits of turpentine has been^given with much
success in this disease.


    ENTERITIS, OR INFLAMMATION OF THE INTESTINES.  .

   This accute and hazardous disease may be occasion-
ed by the same cau-es as inflainniatii n of the stomach.
Also  from obstii ate  costii mess, cold,  fever,  worms,
and stimulating or unwholesome climates.
   Symptoms nearly the tame us inflammation of the
stomach.

                     TREATMENT.

   All the treatment  laid down  for rholics are to be
observed in  lite cute of  ibis, excepting the stimulating
articles as the*bilious  chnlic physic.  To the abdomen
apply warm foincni;>tion.-'.   (iive  emolient injections.
The bowels should he moved first wiih  sweet oil, if
gangrene and  moitificaiion is suspealed, combine it
wiih yeast.  Give anodynes.
                   CIIOI.IC, COLICA.

  This disease  is  known  by wandering pain in tha
bowels wiih rostivem -s and  rumblings,  which abate
when air is expelled ei.her upwards or downward.
  The pulse varies lililc from the natural  standard.

                    TREATMENT.    *

  The flatulent cholic  should be  treated with the bil-
ious cholic physic.  Thompson's composiiion'powdcr,
capsicum pill, bilious  physic, injections and  fomen-
tiona.
                      7.STI1MA.

  This disease is known  by laborious respiration, •
wheezing inspiration, dist resting anxiety, and  sense of
stricture or oppr< s>iim about ihe chest, increased in
tha horizontal position,  mu illy attended  wiih cough, 
ASTHMA.
49
and some expectoration.   Attacks most generally in the
night, occurring  in paroxysms.at  uncertain intervals,  of-
tentimes periodical.  The paroxysms which  commence
in the night, are often preceded by lassitude, torpor, drow-
siness, pain in the head, &c.

                     TREATMENT.

   Of all the remedies which  have been used in the treat-
ment of this troublesome and annoying disease, perhaps
the Lobelia Inflaia  may be considered the best.   Its  ef-
fects  are both palliating in the paroxysm and  permanent
in the intervals, which fact must  be admitted by any prac-
titioner or patient who have had opportunity of observing
its  salutary effects.   We have  seen its action in some
cases where the  patient was  apparently suffering almost
unimaginable  distress; immediate, lasting  and radical re-
lief was given.   Its value can scarcely be sufficiently esti-
mated in this formidable disease,   Squills  and vinegar is
a remedy which has been considered of great importance,
and was the specific  of Sir John Floyer, but certainly is
much inferior to  the  specific  action of lobelia.   It may
be  given in form of powder  or  tincture.   The latter we
give  the preference,  exhibited  in teaspoonfull doses or
more to  adults, once in  half an  hour, until vomiting is
produced, in  any stage of the disease.  This will relax
the spasm, and  determine to the surface, in the  mean
time  boneset tea  should  be freely drank, the good effects
will often be to evacuate the bowels, and assist the lobelia
in producing vomiting.  Vomiting must not  be induced too
often  as it will produce debi ily.
  The red or sudorific  drops are proper in all the varie-
ties of Asthma.   They should have a gentle not a violent
effect.  When there  is fever, direct purgatives occasion-
ally.   Great care shouldbe taken to establish a  good di-
gestion with the dyspeptic, with purgatives, emetics, and
tonics; cordials and stimulants  where there  is no fever.
Much hem fit I as been derived from tl<e expectorant tinct-
ure and vegetable syrup    ( awnne in  pills has been re-
comniended.    I)mrct«s  are rUicn t lv us« in in  this dis-
ease, as the infusion of umrsh na'h-w se«tk ««i in  leaves,
a teaspoon nil of ihe  »weel spirt? ■ f nitre, m a teacup full
©f spear utintlea   The tincture  of-digitalis  mav be given,
                        5         .   .-  .
                             f

           ^________^^^a^^MM^MBVM^I^I^I^I^I^I^^^B 
50
DYSENTERY.
   The following is said to have been used with great suc-
cess.   Put brown paper in a strong solution of saltpetrs,
dry the paper, and  let the  patient inhale  the smoke of it
when burning.  Inhaling the steam of a decoction of bit-
ter herbs is good, also smoking the leaves of stramonium.
Great attention  should be paid to diet and exercise, light
and  simple  food is always to be taken and that in small
quantities.   The aphorism of Hypocrates should be recol-
lected.   If a man eats and drinks little, he will have little
disease.
                     EYSENTERY.

   This  disease  is characterised by griping, tenesmus,
and straininsr at stool, attended with frequent, scanty, and
mucous or bloody discharges from the intestines.
   This  disease  is  commonly preceded  by  costivencsr,
unusual  flatulence, acrid eructations, wandering pains in
the  bowels, and jjriping pains in (he lower part of the
abdomen, which  are liequently severe.   Theit, is always
some symptomatic fever, which is sometimes of the re-
mittent i r intermittent l\pe, and sometimes il is of a typ-
hous  character.   The  tongue  white and  covered with
tough mucus;  or rough, dry, and sometimes black.
   The fever is  M.metin.es of a violent inflammatory na-
ture,  when the danger is  great, attended  with a train of
exceedingly alarming symptoms.

                      TREATMENT.

   We feel it our du'v here  to remonstrate in (he strong-
est ten.  s. ajan.-i  lie conm < n  practise « I  Mating this
disease  w.ih I, e  Jai.cel and  mercury; wh,ch«.| all treat-
ments is  t\ e  u t;>i ul Mud.   V. I y do  ptaci.iioners  loss
ho many  pari i.is ii  tit- <!-<:-< •'' lit  r< a.-, i is obvious
because i! < \ hi« «  n«.i  I on  u. uert( it,  <,r  »).,• they think
it best l-  It uom ineil by  v. h.ir tl cv call .-on e cienlificor
theoreti'-.tl  j r rciple      i>i«  proper  y   s, .-..king,  the
scientific ( m, i,  r , |f| ,„i;v : , ,; , :,i, i,,||\  t, ,„  , a(fng {fo
existence « i lu.t! u : i.!!  'in v )|,i j,,, j „ , ,., (f- a jjot>
fentot, t r the iim.h-i .1  j. »s.i:i..e  >.» 1,,  |.e  , «.„{ „, prefer. 
DYSENTERY.
Si
 ©nee to this popular, but  enthusiastic, blood thirsty and
 mercurial creed.  The pernicious effects of this demon ia
 practice, is by no means confined to this disease; but like
 a gigantic monster, rises from  his delve, to spread a tre-
 mendous destruction in all its  connections !   One writer
 "who is regarded with great deference, in speaking of the
treatment  of disease, exclaims, "give me  mercury and
 the lancet, and I will cope with any disease."   Foolish
 and vain man !  though  no more so than many practising
 physicians of the present day, who seem to be altogether
 governed by popular prejudice, to whom the rye bread pill
 and red water drop doctor, spoken/)f by Mr. Jefferson, in
 his letter to Dr. Wistar oF Philadelphia, is to be held much
in preference.   A nurse of good judgment is a much more
 safe prescriber of remedies, than the best of these falcons.
 The  pernicious effects of this  practice is obvious to the
 discerning  mind, so  much so,  that it would be*useless to
 adduce argument against it. It is difficult to reason on a
 subject so as to produce conviction, where the dogmas of
 the school  book, are taken as  the criterion, rather  than
 those  of nature.  The  creeds,   the assumptions, and too
 often  fictions   of  science,  taught  us in  our  early
 youth, recur to blind  the eye to nature, and lead  us astray
from the open road to truth; they rise like the ignis fatu-
 us of the night, or the mirage of the desert, to delude and
*o decoy!   Addressing  the ear alone,  they place one
 sense in rebellion against all the others! and against the
mind itself, and give it the rule of the whole reasoning
powers.  With such a pilot at the helm, the syren song of
imaginary excellence, occupies  us, while the whole circle
of disease, its  endless variety of phenomena, its dangers
and  remedies,  should be the paramount, the engrossing
subject of thought.
   The steady employment of purgatives  until  proper
fecial evacuations have been produced, or that sensation
of load in the bowels, completely removed,  constitutes a
very important  part of the treatment of this disease, for
which  purpose the neutralizing  physic is admirably calcu-
lated ;   and  to allay the morbid increase of irritability  of
the mucous membrane, which  prevails through the whole
extent of the alimentary canal, the practitioner will scarcely
find his wishes dissappointed, by the administration of this
bappy  combination,  (if properly prepared) with the cpm- 
52
DIARRHEA.
bined influence of the means further prescribed.  Doses
according to the age of the patient may be given, once an
hour or at longer intervals, regulated from a consideration
of existing symptoms.  If necessity requires, mucilaginous
anodyne injections may be exhibited with the greatest be-
nefit, once an hour, until relief is obtained.  The common
injection (see phar.) is the  best adapted ;  if an anodyne
is wished, addfrom 20 drops to a teaspoonful of laudanum.
After the bowels have been properly evacuated, continue
the  same  medicine  in smaller doses.   Castor  oil  is a
good purgative in this disease,  if the stomach will retain
it, it may be boiled a minute in milk, and sweetened with
ltfaf sugar.   When there is a distressing tormina und te-
nesmus, or violent  pains in the belly, hot skin, frequent
pulse or tendency to swelling in the abdomen, there should
be  no delay in the prompt and  repeated  application of
warm fomentations to the  belly; when there is much fever
every means should be used to promote perspiration, by
relaxing the capillary vessels and determining the fluids to
the surface.   It is surprising to see  the astonishing  relief
that warm, external, general, and local applications will
often give in this complaint.  We have  seen all its formi-
dable symptoms removed  by simply placing the feet and
legs in warm weak ley, and applying warm fomentations
to the belly.   If the skin is hot  and dry, sponge the whole
body  with warm weak ley, drink freely of a decoction of
pleurisy root, and  mucilage prepared from  slippery elm
bark.  Dovers powders  may be  given  with good  effect
at night, they obviate pain, allay  irritation, and promote
sleep.   After the acute symptoms subside, direct cordials,
hitters, and tonics, light and  nourishing diet.  When the
bowels  are  affected with  looseness, lime water will ba
found useful; it should not be checked too suddenly.
                      DIARRHEA.

  A Diarrhea is  marked by the frequent evacuation of
more liquid stools than usual, of various colors,  and mat-
ter, attended  with flatulence in the intestines, uneasiness
in the lower part  of the abdomen, gripings, nausea, and
sometimes vomiting.   The patient is  unusually sensible 
CHRONIC  DIARRHCEA-            53
to the impression of cold, the complaint is rarely attended
with fever.
                     TREATMENT.

   The treatment laid down for dysentery, is generally ap-
plicable to this.   It must bo regulated by a consideration
of the age, constitution, business, concomitant symptom?,
cause, and manner of invasion, duration, and effects upon
the general habits of the patient.  The neutralizing physic
may be exhibited with great advantage in this disease,  to
neutralize the superabundant acid, which often prevails  in
the stomach and  bowels.  Emetics are sometimes  of
great advantage.  Great pains should be taken to establish
a good digestion.   When the-bowels are morbidly irrita-
ble, it will lie proper to give anodynes.   Dovers powders
from 5 to 20 grains at night ;  a  decoction of sumac ber-
ries, raspberry leaves, blackberry root,  birch  bark,  &.e.
may bo used.
                 CHRONIC  DIARRTKEA.

   This disease varying  in  its  symptoms, will  be reeog'
Tiized  without  any  detail of description.  The white  li-
quid  physic  has been extolled as a valuable remedy in
this disease;  our experience  does not admit us to  say
much  of its merits, or demerits: but from a. consideration
of its qualities, it would  no  doubt  he of great importance
in certain derangements  of  function in the liver, which is
often a prominent symptom in this disease.   To adults,
it should be given  in doses of half or two thirds of a wine
glass full, once in two hours, until it purges.   This diseasa
is  remarkably obstinate  under  certain circumstances, es-
pecially when the patient is much employed in standing
or walking, or  mentally engaged.  Great benefit will be
found from confinement  to  the sofa : light diet, change
of scenery, invigorating  air, and  cheerfulness; purging
with the bilious physic, has made cures of long standing;
«• the physic, a little rhubarb may be added.
** 
54
RHEUMATISM.
                   CH0LE11A MORBUS.
The ciiaracteristics of this disease are, a profuse discharge
of a green or dark colored, and sometimes acrid fluid  in
large quantity,  and  somewhat of  a  bitter taste, both
from the stomach and  intestines,  attended with painful
gripings, and great anxiety, about the precordia ; cramps
or  spasms;  particularly  of the lower extremities, and
great  prostration of strength,  considerable thirst,  pulse
extremely quick  and weak, but seldom any fever ;  respi-
ration hurried and irregular.

                     TREATMENT.

   Thi3 often formidable disease is  to be treated, on the
 same principles laid down under the head of disentery ;
 only tlie treatment should be much more energetic and
 prompt,  Jivery  phenomenon connected with this disease,
 shew-i  a  highly  deranged state of the system.  A little
 delay may be ultimately too late. The neutralizing cordial
 should be exhibited once, in 15 or 20 minutes until relief
 is  obtained.  It is stated, that Cajeput oil has  been exhi-
 bited in the Indian and European cholera with  complete
 success.
                    RHEUMATISM.
  Of this there are two species, the acute, in which both
foyer  and inflammation  exist  in  a high degree;  and
chronic, when neither of these are present, but severe
pains of long continuance are the principal symptoms.
They are generally so well understood, that a recital of
them would be an unnecessary labor.

                     TREATMENT.

   The  first object of the practitioner, in  Inflammatory
Rheumatism, should be  to produce a free  perspiration,
by the steam bath, (see phar.): warm teas, made of Vir-
ginia Snakeroot, hemlock boughs, catnip or peppermint
At the  same  time the sudorific tincture should be giren,
in teaspoon full doses, once in one or  two hours, until
sweating is freely produced.  After this the patient may
take  a full portion of Dover's powders ;  this will re- 
GOUT.
55
lieve pain and encourage sleep.  By this treatment we
have seen our patients in the most distressing situation,
wake entirely cured of their  disease.  Diet should be
light, purge occasionally.   Much advantage has arisen
from the application of the green, or rheumatic oil; sal-
amoniac  wash, or hemlock plaster;  and the following.
Alcohol,  spirits of turpentine, and camphor mixed to-
gether.   Bathe the surface with weak ley.   Sometimes
cupping, blistering, and fomenting are necessary.  There
is a great susceptibility to relapse, after an attack of this
disease.  The patient should  avoid  exposure to cold,
moist atmosphere, and dampness.
   Chronic Rheumatism.  In this  complaint, 1st, pro-
mote perspiration as in the  preceding disease.1 2d, Give
the  Rheumatic  liquid. 3d, The Rheumatic decoction
may  be taken with  much advantage.   4th, Apply the
Rheumatic oil?  stimulating liquid,  sear cloth plaster,
White's plaster, &c.  Cupping is good  when the  joints
are swelled.   Alterative syrup will,often  cure.  In some
cases it may be necessary to give  purgatives.
   Mercurial Rheumatism is to be treated with the Al-
terative Syrup, and a plaster made  of venus  turpentine
and sulpher, applied to the feet.
                        gout.

  The gout will be  distinguished  from rheumatism, by
the pain generally attacking the joints of the extremities.
It is at the same time less inclined-to shift; when it does
so, it generally attacks a corresponding limb, Or some of
the viscera.   The parts affected, are generally more red
and swelled.   A paroxysm  of gout, often makes an at-
tack,  without any previous warning;  sometimes there
are premonitory symptoms,  well understood by those sub-
ject to it.  The disease is one of excessive suffering, but
beyond what are named, it has  no constitutional symp-
toms, peculiar to itself, that can be accurately described.

                     TREATMENT.

   In  young and- robust constitutions, when there  is nt
hereditary tendency  to the  disease, and the inflammation
and fever  run high, active evacuations may sometimes be 
56                SMALL POX.
required.  On the contrary, persons advanced in life, who
have suffered much from  the disease, and been accus-
tomed to  a  generous diet:  this must in some degree be
allowed them, even during  the  paroxysm, to  obviate a
metastasis ;  recommending fish in preference to flesh, for
food, and  madeira as the least ascescent wine.
  Perspiration should  be promoted,  as in rheumaticm.
A decoction of meadow  saffron, is  said to  be good.
Much advantage has been derived from the application of
Alcohol, and spirits of turpentine; stimulating liquid also.
Moderate  exercise in the open air, should be enjoined.
                 SMALL POX—VARIOLA.

   This scourge of  past ages is  a disease highly conta-
 gious in its nature, and  destructive in its tendency :  It
 is preceded by a sense of languor and weariness, redness
 of the eyes, soreness of the throat with pains in the head
 and back.   These  are soon  followed  by the  symptoms
 of severe inflammatory fever,  with  alternate fits of eold
 and heat, oppressive pain at the pit of the stomach,  nau-
 sea and sometimes vomiting.   The patient becomes rest-
 less if not delirious, with an uncommonly hot skin, how-
 els generally 'costive,  On  the third or fourth day after
 the attack, the  eruption is usually thrown out, in distinct
 red spots like Flea bites ;  as soon as the eruption is com-
 pleted  the  febrile symptoms abate ; the pustules gradu-
 ally assume a conical form, and about the eleventh  day
 acquire their greatest size ; they are entirely white or of
 a yellowish hue with red and inflammable bases.  In small
 pox the symptoms multiply and  vary with the severity of
 the attack, and in fatal cases, exhibit in the latter stages,
 a train of horrible symptoms  which demonstrate its des-
 tructive character,  which cannot well be understood, ex-
cept by  actual attendance and observation.

                     TREATMENT.

   All that can be done,  is to make use of such  remedies
 as will relieve the urgent symptoms.  The bowels should
 bo occasionally evacuated by gentle  purgatives.  Pro-
mote the eruption by tepid bathing with weak ley, warm 
HYDROCEPHALUS.              57
teas, and sudorific tincture. Diet should be light. Snake-
root and saffron  tea,  should  be taken  as a  constant
drink.   If  there is much loss of strength and languor the
system should be  supported  by tonics.  Milk  punch-is
very good.   Mucilage  of slippery elm  bark is good to
apply to the eyes.  For  diarrhea,  the usual  remedies.
Anodynes at night.                        ,
                       MEASLES.

  The measles is an infectious disease and when genuine
it  never attacks the same person  but  once.   About
twelve or fourteen days  after  exposure, the febrile symp-
toms usually appear,  on the  first and second days there
are shiverings, alternating with heat, great debility, languor
and loss ofappetite, white tongue, thirst, pain  in the back
and limbs,  slight sore throat,  hoarseness  with dry cough
and sneezing, pain in the forehead, giddiness and drowsi-
ness, frequent, irregular pulse, costiveness and  high color-
ed urine.  On the third or fourth day the symptoms in-
crease in severity.  The eruption appears  between the
third and sixth day after the attack,  first appearing on the
throat  and  gradually"extending over the body ; the erup-
tion consists of small red points a little raised ; they often
run together in patches which  gives the skin  an uneven.
feel.

                     TREATMENT.

   The same as in small pox.
                   HVDROCEPHALUS.

This is  generally a disease of children and is always  at-
tended with danger.  It has seldom  been known to  at-
tack a child after the age of twelve or fourteen years.   It
is an affection which has been observed to pervade par-
ticular families.
   It is  often preceded by an unusual peevishness, and
the  child  frequently  cries  without any known  cause.
This disease is. divided into external, when the water  lies
en the surface of the brain, and internal when it  is con- 
53
HYDROTHORAX.
 lained within the membranes and  ventricles.  Such it
 Ihe ambiguity of its symptoms that it is difficult to deter-
 mine what are its real characteristics.  The indisposi-
 tion of the  patient is sometimes  attributed  to teething
 or a disordered state of the stomach and bowels ; frequent-
 ly it resembles the common  febrilo complaints of  chil-
 dren.  A kind of slow  fever  appears  attended with  n
■ weakness of the arms and pain in the limbs, and often in
 the upper part of the neck.   A vomiting of bile ensues
 either with costiveness or diarrhea and  the appetite is
 impaired ; a pain in the  fore part of the head.  The child
 becomes heavy and  dull, it moans, often puts its hands to
 its temples and is unable  to sustain an upright posture,
 pulse irrejular commonly slower than natural,

                      TREATMENT.

   The bowels slioul 1 bo thoroughly evacuated with tha
 bilious physic and cream of tartar  combined.  The sal-
 amoniac wash should "be applied to the head, feet placed
 in warm ley or water.   If there is much fever, bathe the
 surface  with tepid  weak ley.  Promote perspiration by
 the vapour bath and warm diluent drink.   The common
 poultice and  fomentation may b3 applied to the  scalp
 previously shaved.   The back of the  neck and temples
 should be cupped occasionally, also  blistered.  Diure-
 tics are  given with  good  effect.   If restlessness occur*
 give anodynes such asDover3 powders.
        HYDROTHORAX OR DROPSY OF THE THORAX

   In Hydrothorax the  water may be  contained in tha
one or both sacs of the pleura or in the pericardium alono,
and they are often blended together.  It commences with
a sense of oppression  and tightness at the end of the
breast bone,  with anxiety and  difficulty in breathing.
The patient being unable to rest in bed in a horizontal
posture, and is afflicted  with sudden  starts  during sleep
from a  sense of immediate suffocation.   The  pulse ia
small, and  in the last stage extremely irregular with pal-
pitation of the heart,  the skin is dry, urine diminished in
quantity, the lower  extremities become adematous, coun- 
DROPSY.                  5SJ
Irr.anee pale, with a purple hue of  the lips and cheeks ;
tiiere is cough at first, afterwards attended wiih expecto-
ration  of thin mucus.    As the disease advances tha
symptoms  are much  aggravated and a-variety of others
make their  appearance.

                     TREATMENT.

  The following will usually cure the disease.  Take of
pulverised digitalis two drachms, spear mint  two ounces
mix them well together, divide into twelve parts, to each
of these powders  add fourteen table spoons full of boiling
water, of the infusion give a table  spoon full every two
hours through the day.   One grain of  calomel may be
given night and morning.  Anoint the chest and abdomen
night and  morning with the white ointment.   The abdo-
men  should be rubbed with  sweet oil.   Drink a strong
decoction of parsley.  In the mean time the bowels should*
be evacuated freely with the bilious  physic and cream of
Wtar or  the hydraecgue pill.  In the treatment of this
disease the only  peculiarity  worthy  of note is,  that here
the influence of.diuretic medicines is more decided  than
in any other form of dropsy, and that  digitalis is of all
others the  most generally successful.
         ACITE3 OR DROPSY OF  THE ABDOMEN?

  Acites is not necessarily connected with  a collection
of wa'er m other parts of the body, but is rot unfrequently
combined  with anasarca or hydrothorax.   It commences
with a tumefaction of the abdomen, which gradually in-
creases, until it is uniformly distended, and there is a dis-
tinct fluctuation perceivable, by applying one hand to the
belly, and striking the opposite side with the other.   The
urine is diminished  in quantity, and of  a deep color.
There is a great thirst  and more or less fever.  In  acites
the water  is  sometimes confined in different cysts, or in
one of the ovaria, in which case the  fluctuation is mora
obscure.-  Constitutional symptoms  appear in  the ad-
vanced stage of this complaint. 
60
General  dropsy.
                   TREATMENT.

   The same remedies  may be used in  this, as  in hydro-
thorax.   If they should fail, purge freely, and  give the
diuretic  decoction.  Hydragogue tincture,  a decoction
of Indian hemp, or the hydragogue pill.  Much  advan-
tage has attended the use of whortlebery tincture, and
also a tincture of juniper berries.   Much dependance is
put on  brisk  purging, if  the  constitution will bear  it;
and diuretics or medicine to increase the flow of water.
The vapor bath fomentation, and the promotion of per-
spiration, are of great  importance in all cases of dropsy.
           ANASARCA, OR  GENERAL DROPSY.

   Anasarca commonly begins with  a swelling of the feet
 and ankles, only in the evening, disappearing again in the
 morning.  The swelling is soft and inelastic, and wher>
 pressed with the finger, will pit like dough, the impre«<°n
 remaining for some time. The swelling gradually ascends
 and occupies  the legs, thighs, trunk  of the body, and
 sometimes also the head.   Tfie skin  is pale and  dry,
 there is great thirst, the urine diminished in quantity, and
 highly colored, ilie body  costive,, and in advanced  stages
 of the diptase, a considerable degree of dispnons, cough
 and slow fever ensues.

                     TREATMENT.

  The treatment of this disease, is the same  a*s the  two
 preceding.  In all cases, the practitioner, by tracing the
origin of this disease, and weighing accurately the accom-
panying  symptoms, must form for himself some idea of
its proximate cause.  He will  ihus occasionally find thn
necessity of supporting the system, instead of lowering it,
and to effect this,  he will have  recourse to  tonics, such
as restorative cordial, wine  bitters, &c.   The  Alter-
ative fryrrup will be given with much advantage in soma
cases. 
TREATMENT.
61
                      APOPLEXY.

  An Apoplexy is a  sudden deprivation of the internal
and  external senses, and of voluntary motion, while the
heart, lungs, and arteries, continue to perform their func-
tions.  It is most  incident to persons, in the decline of
life;  and  those of a corpulent habit, with a short neck,
and  large  head, who lead an inactive life, use  rich and
plentiful  diet, or drink to excess,  are most liable to it.
  It may be occasioned by any cause which increases tha
tendency of the blood to the head.

                     TREATMENT.

  As there is a great determination of blood to the head,
in this disease, and danger of extravasation, congestion, and
effusion, the  great  indication is to produce an  equili-
brium in the circulation.   In an  actual paroxism of apo-
plexy, the patient should be conveyed to a spacious apart-
ment, and cool air freely admitted.   He should be placed
in a sitting posture.   Ligatures  of all kinds, especially
about the neck should be removed.  The legs and feet
should immediately be placed in  a tub of warm water, or
weak ley.  As cupping on the nape of the neck, is a p'ow-
erful means  of removing tension within the  cranium,  it
may be resorted to, with a fair prospect of relief, and will
answer better than general bleeding, the blood being drawn
more  directly  from  the part affected.  It ought to be
known, that from six  to eight pounds of blood have been
taken from a patient, in a short space of time.  Who can
doubt that many patients  have been bled to death, by this
injudicious treatment.
   Every exertion is to be made  to exhibit purgative me-
dicine, but the paralized state of the organs concerned
in swallowing, often renders this extremely difficult.  The
operation of purgatives may be promoted by sharp purga-
tive clysters.
   Cold applications to the head, have been found advan-
tageous, and are  certainly preferable to  blisters.  After
the operation of purgatives, give emetics.   When there
is a predisposition to apoplexy,  purge and vomit freely.
Let  the diet be  cool and  spare.   Abstain from all fer-
 mented and ppiritous liquors.
                             6 
62
EPILEPSY.
   Take regular exercise.   Establishing  a  drain,  by
meansof a seaton or issue, is sometimes of great service.
                       EPILEPSY.

   This is a sudden privation of sense, accompanied with
 unusual.motions, generally with violent convulsions of all
 the voluntary muscles, and a frothing at  the mouth, fol-
 lowed by great drowsiness.   The fit recurs, at various and
 uncertain intervals, and often during sleep.   The disease
 may'proceed from a variety of causes, as external injuries,
 strong passions, sudden frights, &c-

                     TREATMENT.

   In the treatment of this disease, our remedies are to be
 given  principally in the intervals of the fit,  and our  aim
 should be to prevent their recurrence.
   1st. By  removing all sources of irritation.
   2nd. By altering that morbid condition of the nervous
 system, on which convulsions depends.
   3d.  By strengthening and giving tone to the body.
   Let the patient be often gently purged with the bilious,
 physic, and dyspeptic pills.
   Give emetics, of the common emetic powder, and tinct-
 ure of lobelia ; this frequently repeated, often completely
 prevents and cures it.   Much depends in  the cure of  this
 disease, on the judicious administration  of lobelia,  and
 preparations  of stramonium ; a tincture of the  latter, or
 seeds,  called  the antispasmodic drops, may be  given in
doses of 20 drops or more, three or four times a day, in a
little tea, until the pupils of the eye are effected.  A grain
of the extract of stramonium, has been given, once in two
hours,  until it had the desired effect, with the greatest suc-
 cess.
   The antispasmodic Tsyrop may be given in doses of half
 a wine glass full, three or  four times a day ; also a decoc-
 tion of the scullcap may be drank freely.   To give tone
 and strength to the system,  make  use of the restorative
 cordial and wine bitters.
   Often great advantage is obtained,  by applying caustic 
PARALYSIS, OR  PALSY.           C8
to the back of the neck, or spine, so as to produce a dis-
charge.   In the time of a fit. let the feet  and legs be
placed in  a tub  of warm water or weak  ley.  Warm
frictions on the surface, tend to restore the faculties.  Ap-
ply the stimulating  liquid ; give  the sudorific tincture or
red drops.   The  practitioner should  recommend a mild
and easy diet, early hours of rising and going to bed; to
abstain from all fermented or spiritous liquors.  Cheerful-
ness, regular exercise, and washing the head and neck in
cold water.
                PARALYSIS,  OR PALSY.

  This disease  is frequently  the  consequence of Apo-
plexy, and consists in the loss of the power of voluntary
motion  in certain parts  of  the body only.  It most fre-
quently attacks the whole of the muscles of one side of the
body.   This disease,  if it be not caused  by apoplexy, is
often preceded by universal torpor,  giddiness, and sense
of weight, and uneasiness in the head, dullness of com-
prehension, loss of memory, and sense of coldness in the
parts about to be affected,  A variety of symptoms vary-
ing indifferent individuals attend this distressing complaint
which often puzzles the most experienced.

                    TREATMENT.

  As there is a great  sympathy between the stomach and
brain, it will be of great importance in  the treatment of
this disease, to establish a good digestion. Give the com-
mon emetic, and evacuate the bowels repeatedly.  Then
give the restorative cordial.   In young persons, often the
antiphlogistic treatment is frequently necessary ; whereas
in old  and deb.litated subjects, stimulants and  tonics
should  be resorted to.   In a sudden  attack or fit, give
equal parts of ether and laudanum, in doses  of ateaspoon
full, once in three or  four hours, until relief is afforded.
In all cases, make brisk  friction externally with the stim-
ulating liquid, common lineament, brushes,  warm cloths,
Stc.  Also cup the limbs or parts affected repeatedly, make 
64
HYSTERIA.
an  issue on the back of the neck, by the application of
the caustic  of potash, (see optbalmia) as large as half a
dollar, keep up a discharge for a month or two.   If there
is obstinate constipation of  the bowels  give injections.
The tincture of stramonium in  2.5 drop doses, three times
a day, and electricity has been highly recommended.  The
application  of plasters,  has  been much eulogized.   Diet
of easy digestion.  Moderate exercise in  the open air has
been considered very beneficial.
                      HYSTERIA.

   ThoSe women who possess  great sensibility of consti
 tution, and who are frequently liable to obstructions of the
 natural sexual evacuations, are in gtneral ll.e subjects of
 hysteric complaints.
   The disease generally begins with  a sense of fullness
 and rumbling noise in the bowels, attended with a  sensa-
 tion, like that of a ball rolling  round in the abdoilieil, as-
 cending to the stomach  and throat,  and inducing a senso
 of weight and anxiety, nausea, end  vomiting.  Y\ I.en this
 sensation arises to the throat, occasioning a sense of suf-
 focation,  and difficulty oi breathing or swallowing, it is
 failed  globus hystericus.    A  variety of constitutional
 symptoms occasionally occur.
                     TREATMENT.
   The first object is  to relieve the patient during the ac-
 tual  paroxysm.   The power of sw allowing being almost
 lost, or at any rate the teeth clenched, the attempt to give
 medicine  during the  fit, is often fruitless.  The  emetic
 powder or tincture of lobelia, if sufficient quantity can be
 got down to produce  vomiting, will often have the power
 ofrenrovingihe paroxysm at once.   They arc particularly
 useful, when  the  stomach is out of order from eating too
much,  or  improper food.  The warm  bath,  loot  bath
 warm fomentations, stimulating  liquid ; mustard poultice,
 and sudorific tincture, in teaspoon full doses, are best cal-
culated for debilitated  cases.  One or two of the hvsteric
pills  should be given.   The object in the interval, should 
MANIA.
65
be to make some impression on the system, to prevent the
return of the paroxism.   In languid habits, tonics should
be given ;  restorative cordial ami wine bitters.  The bow-
els should be occasionally evacuated with the dyspeptic
pills; light  diet, cheerful company, change of scenery,
and moderate exercise iu the open air, should be enjoined.
             CHOREA, OR S I'. VITUS' DANCE.

  This is a species of convulsion most generally con-
fined to one side, and affecting piincipally the arm and
le<r.   It is chiefly incident to young persons of a weak
constitution, and seldom attacks after the  age  of pu-
berty.
  This complaint may arise from the various irritations
of body or mind, to which children are subject.
  The convulsive  motions  which  attend chorea,  are
sometimes preceded  by  yawning,  stretching, anxiety
about the heart, palpitations, nausea, difficulty of swal-
lowing, giddiness, pains in the head, dec.

                     TREATMENT.

  A very prominent  part of the treatment in this dis-
ease, is the administration of purgative medicines. The
quantity of feculent matter collected in the bowels, is,
in many instances, enormous.  This should be removed
by  the bilious physic, white liquid and dyspeptic pills.
After  this, a decoction of scull-cap may be  exhibited
wiih good  effect..  Endeavour to  give  energy to the
stomach and bowels, and system generally, by tonics,
restorative cordial, light and nourishing diet, and mo-
derate exercise.
                       MAN1A-

  In the onset of this disease there is generally consi-
derable disorder  of the whole  system ; much  febrile
excitement, loss of appetite, a costive slate of ihe bowels,
and excessive restlessness.    There  are  also  present
                         6* 
66                  ASPHYXIA.
very decided  evidences  of unusual determination of
blood to the head, flushing of the face, redness of the
conjunctiva, contracted  pupils, and  headache.   The
ideas of the patient are often more incoherent at the
commencement of madness, than at a more advanced
period.   As the disease  advances,  vaiious symptoms
appear, differing in almost  every subject, and present-
ing a train of melancholy, but interesting  phenomena,
which the pathologist and  the moralist will criticise
with an acumen,  which will (in their own estimation
at least) lead to very important conclusions.

                    TREATMENT.

  In tho treatment of mania, much  will depend on the
disposition and management of the attendants. In some
cases, firmness, sufficient to ensure obedience, is not
found  incompatib e with those conciliatory manners,
which  so commonly win ihe good-will of the patient,
and rouse him from the  sullen humors in which  he is
prone to indulge.  The employment of severe bodily
restraint, is at variance with that soothing, affable, cour-
teous and  encouraging tone and manner,  so  necssary
to ultimate success.
  The medical treatment consists principally in  the ex-
hibition of emetics, occasional purgatives, tonics, and
anodynes. A discharge may be pioduced on the back
of the neck, by die application of caustic, (see opthal-
mia,) and blisters, with much good effect.
  Temples and neck should be cupped, pediluviums to
the feet ;  bathing the head with the stimulating liquid,
has been of service—also sea bathing.
                      asphyxia

  The  ermasphyxia (literally meaning a want of pulse)
 has  commonly been  appropriated to  those cases in
which animation has for a time been  suspended,  from
some violent cause, impeding respiration.such as stran-
gulation, drowning, loss of blood,  violent emotions •!
the mind, or exposure to mephitic gasses; 
CONVULSIONS
67
                     TREATMENT.

   All exciting causes should be removed.  Any obstruc-
tion to the expansion of ihe lungs or circulation should
be obviated, such as tight lacing.   Air should be freely
admitted.  Stimulating  or volatile  spirits  may be  ap-
plied to  the  nose.   Frictions with  flannel, moistened
with the stimulating  liquid, are useful.   The  applica-
tion  of  artificial  respiration in  cases of asphyxia,
holds out in every point  of view, a reasonable prospect
of success; and thit  it  has been effectual  in restoring
suspended animation, numerous observations concur t&
assure us.  inflation  may be made  by the mouth, blow-
ing into  the  nostrils, through a  tube, one constructed
out of leather or pa*teboard, will answer every purpose.
The lungs should be emptied as they fill  up, by pres-
sure on  the stomach.  In  fainting from the loss of blood,
the person should be  laid in a horizontal positiou.
                    CONVULSIONS.

   Convulsion is  commonly defined to  be,  that  state,
wherein the  voluntary  muscles are excited  into action
by powers, independent of the will.  The exciting powers
are owing no doubt to certain irritations at the seat of
sensation, which irritations  may be produced by a variety
of local or general causes.

                     TREATMENT.

   1st.  Give emetic of Lobelia: 2d. tepid bathing, afoot
bath :  3d. friction with stimulants :  4th. give the restora-
tive cordial,  and oilier tonics.  If ihey should arise from
the irritation of worms, make use of remedies applicable.
                      DYSPEPSIA.

  Among the numerous diseases to which the stomach u
liable, dyspepsia is one of the most obstinate and distress-
ing. 
68                 DYSPEPSIA.
  This disease is generally attended with nausea, flatulent -
distensions of the stomach, vomiting of viscous  mucus,
heart burn, eructations, either sour or  rancid  and great
costiveness, a sen>e of constriction aiid uneasiness >n the
throat, with  pain  in  the side, paleness of countenance,
langotir, loWness of spirits, palpitation and disturbed sleep.
  A volume   would  scarcely contain a history of all the
symptoms, which smne authors declare to be of dyspeptic
origin ;  but to be able to identity the disease is sufficient,
and by removing it, these symptoms will disappear.

                     TREATMENT.

  Much  will depend  in the treatment of this disease on
regimen,  or a well directed course of diet, and  proper
and regular exercise,  in order to ensure the due perform-
ance Of the functions of the stomach, the recovery of lost
energy, and the removal of that sense of morbid distension.
All articles of food of difficult digestion, should be care-
fully avoided ; such as  ail  kinds of smoked, hard, dried,
salted, and very  fat, fried, and long kept meat ; all those
dishes where too much nutricious matter is collected in a
small space ; eggs for instance, potted meats, strong soups,
and  preparations of suet, fat,  and bulter ;  lastly, all raw
vegetables whatever,  with  the exception of ripe fruits.-^-
Though  we would furl her  add, the dyspeptic should be
governed  by no  particular creed.   He should be his own
judge, choose that regimen which agrees wiih him best,
and  strictly abide  by  it.  There  is danger of erring in
quantity  as well as quality.  The  body is strengthened,
not in proportion to the quantity of food taken in, but to
that which is  thoroughly digested,—Walking, of all exer-
cise is the best,  but if this cannot  be borne, such  should
be taken as circumstances will admit of; if excessive de-
bility, friction with the  flesh brush, and flannels, are ad-
visable, also  riding on horseback, or in carriage,  sailing
and  change of scenery.
  The medical treatment consists in the occasional exhi-
bition of emetics, purgatives, and laxatives, bitters, tonics
and stimulants.  Occasionally  the bilious physic may be
given, but more  generally the dyspeptic .pill, two or three
at night and one or two in the morning.   If there is much
derangement in  the functions of the liver, the alterative 
JAUNDICE.                  69
syrup should be given ;  to  each bottle there should be
added two grains of the muriate of mercury.   The pow-
dered bitter root and  pulverised  leaves of the boneset,
(eupaiorium) in tea spoon full doses, has been given with
much good  effect:—also,  the  antipyrosis liquid  where
there is  much flatulency, and restotative cordial.  If there
is  obstinate constipation of the bowels, bread should be
eaten, made of wheat unbolted,  the feet should be kept
dry and warm.
                       jaundice.
  Jaundice in its genuine form, commences with a sense
of lassitude, languor, and a sensation of pain and tension
about the region of the  liver;  there  is frequently  anxiety
and some difficulty of breathing ; a yellowness is diffused
over the whole skin, the whites of the eyes, and the roots
of the nails being tinged with the same color.   These aro
attended  with  an intolerable itching of the skin, and a
bitter taste in the mouth, with nausea and vomiting,  and
dyspeptic symptoms.   The stools  are of a white color,
the urine of an obscure red, tinging linen with  a yellow
hue.   The pulse ic generally  more quick than natural,
the bowels are costive, and a slight degree of fever is  pre-
Stilt.

                      treatment.

  Barberry bark and cider has been highly recommended
for this complaint, also, eggs  in wine, in the morning.
Exercise and cheerfulness are  of great importance, to ob-
viate that despondency so often accompanying this  dis-
ease-  The common emetic and purgative may occasion-
ally be  given, but the cure  principally  will depend on
stimulants, tonics, and  alteratives.   Diet should be light
but nourishing.
                      DEAFNESS.

  Deafness may proceed from various causes, as a radi-
cal  defect  in the organ of hearing, which admits of no 
70                 EPISTAXIS.
remedy.   It may arise from too great drvness of the ear,
from a deficiency of the secretion of wax, from hardened
wax obstructing the passage of sound, inflammation, le-
vers, violent colds affecting the head, syphalis, and autoy
or paralysis of the auditory nerves.

                    treatment.

   A weak solution of corrosive sublimate may be inject-
ed  into the car, also soap suds.  The back of the neck
should be cupped, and  blistered.  Much advantage has
been derived from the application of caustic  to the  nape
X)f the neck, in order to produce a discbarge.  This should
be promoted for two or four mouths, (see mode of apply-
ing for opthalmia). Rattle snakes oil  has been recom-
mended, dropped into the ear.
          spistaxis, bleeding at the nose.

   A hemorrhage from the nose is not always to be con-
sidered as dangerous, nor is it prudent in every instance
to stop it immediately.  To those who have a redundance
of blood, this evacuation may be serviceable, frequently
curing  vertigo,  and other affections of the head, and
sometimes epilepsy.   When there is great determination
of blood to the head, it often affords important relief.   It
is only when the discharge is immoderate or continues so
long as to weaken the patient, that it ought to be suppress-
ed.

                     treatment.

  Beef that has been salted, dried and pulverized, blown
or forced up  the r.ose, has been  highly recommended.
The feet should be placed in warm water.  Bones itiptie
powders is said to be very good.
DIABETES.
A diabetes is a distressing, and in general, a very ob- 
AMENORRHOEA.
71
 ■tinate disease. ' The ehief symptom is a very copious
 discharge of limpid  sweet urine, often  exceeding in
 quantity all  liquids taken by the  patient  into the sto-
 mach.  It is clear, pale, commonly sweet to the taste,
 and has generally  an agreeable smell.    The patient
 complains of intense thirst,  with  at first  a keen appe-
 tite, a parched mouth, with constant spitting of a thick
 viscid phlegm.  A  whitish  tongue with  red bright
 edges; there is  headache, and a  dry,  hot skin, with
 flushing of the face ;  pulse small anil quick.  There is
 likewise an  uneasiness of the  stomach and  kidneys,
 with a fullness of the loins, testicles, and feet; a wea-
 riness and disinclination  to motion or  exertion; cos-
 tiveness, mental debility,  weakness and emaciation.

                      TREATMENT.

   In the treatment  of this disease, every exciting cause
 should  be carefully  avoided, and  all possible means
 taken to counteract the derangement of function, which
 so generally prevails.  Much  advantage has been de-
 rived from animal  food.   Give a  strung decoction of
 hemlock and wild  cherry tree bark.  The tincture  of
 caniharides (Spanish flies) has succeeded in some cases,
 given three times a day from live to thirty-five drops;
 also the diuretic drops. Blisters may be applied to the
 sacrum, or lower part of the back  ; also strengthening
plasters; bathe with the stimulating liquid.  Give the
restorative cordial.   Advantage is sometimes derived
from emetics.
AMENORRHOEA, OR RETENTION  AND SUPPRESSION Of
                   THE MENSES.

  Amenorrheas, is of  two kinds;  the first, when the
menses do not begin to flow, at the period of life when
they usually appear in  other women ;—the  second,
when,  having occurred and continued some time, they
are interrupted ; in common  language ihcy are called
rttention and suppression of the menses or turns      ..,
  In neither a pathological or practical point of view, 
72               AMENORRHOEA.

do these species of the disease differ essentially from
each other. Their accompanying symptoms are nearly
alike, they arise, as far as we can  form a judgment, in a
great measure, from the same causes, and their treat-
ment is to  be conducted on the same principles.
  There is considerable diversity in the  periods  at
which the menstrual flux first appears, depending partly
on the climate and partly on the habit of ihe individual.
In this country, and in  healthy constitutions,  it com-
monly shows itself about the age of fourteen, but the
delay of some months,  or of one or two years is not to
be viewed  as a source  of uneasiness.  Retention of the
menses for even a longer period than this, is not always
to be considered as a disease.  It  is compatible with a
state of robust health.   Notwithstanding this, the anx-
iety of the mothers frequently prevents  them, under
such circumstances, to solicit the advice of a physician.
These   cases are on no account 10 be interfered with.
Circumstances are widely different ; when about  the
age of seventeen, a young woman who has never men-
struated, begins to droop in her general health.  The
symptoms  which accompany this state of uterine func-
tion  are very  various,  but  they may be characterized,
generally,  as indications of a weak and  irritable  ha-
bit. ' Those of  dyspepsia  and hysteria predominate,
and the system sinks.  It is frequently followed by, or
connected  with, consumption, and  u must therefore be
viewed as  depending on the scrofulous  habit  of  tha
body.
  One of the most prolific causes of suppressed men-
struation, is cold, or strong mental emotion. The most
common symptoms are pain in the left side, headache,
bleeding from  the nose, giddiness  on  stooping,  and
slight fever.   The acute, or accidental obstruction, for
the most part, may be relieved in a short time, but  the
ehronic is more obstinate.

                   TREATMENT.

  The great object of treatment in suppressed men-
struation, is to t>ive tune to the syslem. If it has arisen
from sudden cold: diffusing ihe circulation, by promot-
ing perspiration with the hip, bath, foot-bath, warm lea*, 
MENORRHAGIA,  OR FLOODING.      73
•t diluent drinks, sudorific tincture, fomentations, and
Dover's powders ; and  taking off any spasmodic Con-
striction, or inflammatory action,  which  may exist  in
the vessels of the uterus, will usually speedily relieve
all the prominent symptoms.   But in the more  chro-
nic form, if there is much plethora, and febrile excite-
ment, purgatives should be freely given; bathe the feet,
if much pain, cup. After this, commence with the blick
or emmenagogue powders, dose a teaspoon full, three
times a day,  (see Pharmacy.)   If this should not. ?uc-
ceed, equal parts of the tincture of black  hellebore and
logwood may be administered, doses from  a teaspooa
full to a tablespoon full may be given three times a day
—also equal parts of the tincture  >f  myrrh aud casror.
An open state of the bowels should be secured by tho
dyspectic pills.  Diet should be light—exercise in the
open air.   Stimulating fomentation applied to the ab-
domen is  very  good.  Advantage  has   be?n derived
from the administration of ergot, (spurred rye) in Joses
of abont  half a drachm, divided,  taken in the space  of
twenty-four  hours.   Emetics are very good  in  many
cases.  Thev relievo the head,  determine the fluids  to
the snrfac-.1, and  often  remove  much vitiated  matter
from the stomach.   If there is much debility, give the
restorative cordial and  other tonics.   Alterative  syrup
may be given.   A pill made of pitch or white-pine tur-
pentine ; copperas, and aloes has been highly extolled.
             MENORRHAGIA OR TLOODfNa.

  Menorrhagia is usually regarded as that morbid condi-
tion  of the system at large, or the uterus in particular,
which  produces either too  frequent discharges of the
menstrual flux,  or  too copious a one at the regular pe-
riods.  But we  shall confine the term to actual flooding
or a discharge  of coagulable blood.   It is  a fact well
known, that the menstrual blood never csagulates, and is
ssidorn too profuse in quantity,  But it is often followed
by, or mixed with,  an effusion of arterial blood, which
may be known by the patient, by its appearing in clots, or
coagula, and  is produced by an action in the uterus, very 
*4                LEUCOKKIIEA.
different from the secretion of the true catimenical flux.
It is  usually accompanied by sonic febrile excitement,
languor, and pain in the head,

                     TREATMENT.

   An open state of the bowels should be secured by pur
galives and laxatives, a light spare diet, and confinement
to a bed or sofa, is to be  enjoined.   A strong decoction
of cohush  or squaw root  should be  given.   Napkins or
cloths dipped in a solution of common salt, in equal parts
of vinegar  and  water, are  to be api^ied to  the abdomen.
The astringent injection may be thrown up'three or four
times a day, or in slighter  cases the parts may be frequent-
ly moistened with a sponge dipped in it.
   When the constitution  is much enfeebled, the restora-
tive cordial, containing a large proportion of Solomon's
seal should be taken, dose a wineglass, took three times
a day.  Strengthning plasters should  be applied  to the
back.  Bathe  the  abdomen  with the stimulating liquid,
also make friction.
   Ergot in eight or twelve grain doses,  has been  given
with  much success.   Emetics  succeed in some  cases.
Although at vaiiance with  many,our principles of diffusing
the circulation, dilating the capillary vessels,and promot-
ing perspiration, by the exhibition of warm  teas,  sudorific
tincture, vapor baths, &.c. succeeds admirably in  many
cases.  If this is resorted to the  treatment stiiould  be
energetic, and effects produced as quick as  circumstances
will admit, as a tardiness  in the uso of warm means will
enly  aggravate the symptoms,
            IECOORRIIEA OR  PLC0R ALECS'.

  This disease consists in a discharge of a serous fluid
from the uterus and vagina, and is most incident to wo-
men of relaxed habits, who have borne many children.
In its violent degree or advanced  stage, it is accompa-
aiod with severe pain in the back and loins, groat debili-
ty,  dyspepsia, difficulty of .breathing, palpitation of the
heart, paleness of the countenance, loss of appetite, pain 
VOMITING  OF BLOOD.
?*
in the stomach and indigestion.  There is often some de-
gree of fever, and the eyes  are  sometimes swelled, and
an irregularity in menstrual.on.

                     TREATMENT.

   Purgatives should  occasionally be given.   Then the
diuretic drops in tea spoon full doses, three times a day,
the astringent injection should be thrown up three or four
times a day, cleanliness should  be strictly enjoined, diet
light and  easy of digestion.   If  dyspeptic symptoms ac-
company, give the restorative cordial and dyspeptic pills.
   The yellow wash may be used as an injection with good
«ffect.
                 vomiting op  blood.

  The following formula is very good. Take of sugar of
lead twenty grains, gum Arabic ten grains, fifty drops of
laudanum, eight ounces of warm water, dose from a tea
spoon  full to a table  spoon  full every hour.  The feet
should be placed in  a warm  foot bath.   Purge with the
bilious physic.  Give a tea of cohush.  Support the sys-
tem with the restorative cordiaL.
                 SPITTING OF BLOOD.

  In the treatment of this complaint, every means should
be taken to equalize the circulation,  by the external ap-
plication of heat.  Much advantage may be derived  from
the exhibition of the vegetable syrup.   If much  pain in
ihe chest,  foment,  cup,  blister and apply mustard poul-
tices.   Digitalis  may be given  with  good effect in doses
of one  or two grains occasionally.
                     WORMS.

It has been contended by many respectable physicians, 
76
APHTHA,
th at worms necessarily exist in  the bowels of every chile"
after it  i.*  .vear-ed, and are conducive to health,  and by
oil,.; s th -1 worms are the effect of sickness, and are only
to b.. found ut the i».»wels of s;ich children, as are debili-
tated by b.ici. mauag-ti ent, or by some acute d;scase.
Both ciiildren unO adu'ts frequently evacuate a number of
wo.ms, about me termination of a fever, or other illness
which has  induced great debility.
   Worms  incident to the  humun system are of several
kinds, and often  induce trouolesome  maladies.   There
are  no  infallible criteria by which their presence can be
known.

                     TREATMENT.

  The following succeeds in many cases in expelling the
common round worm.  Equal parts of pulverized skunk
cabbage, indian hemp, white wood bnrk and aloes,mixed.
Of this take a teaspoon fiill three times a day in molasses,
continue the use of this for a short time, then give a brisk
purgative   If tins should fail, equal parts of  pink, senna
and  manna, steeped in milk and water, may be given at
intervals until a free purging is produced   Spirits of tur-
pentine,  in tablespoon full doses succeeds well; there is
not the least  danger  in g-ving it «vc.  to  young children,
if occasion snould require.  The effects for a short time
will  or intoxicating   It will act as a  .irgative after the
second or tiiird dose.   Wnere small woi ins in the rectum,
are troublesome to children, they may usually be removed
by injections of infusion of tobacco.
  Tni.fi worm is very rare, aid  ob-uirats to  ... at.   The
n.;tit i^rn:  spirits of turpentine, indigo,  <fcc. have been
recon. mended.
                       ^j'HTlIA.

  Th.s is an ioflammati- n of the  mucous  membrane of
the m'j"tij, struvvh, and bowels, affecting infants chiefly,
betwe^'f  tn* fourth and  eighth month.  There is reason
to believe, thai it is generally connected with an improper
diet.   It is characterized by vomiting, foetid eructations, 
ANGINA PECTORIS.
77
and  pains  apparently refered to the stomach,  tormina
and diarrhoea.  'I ho stools are green and slimy, or tinged     i
with blood.  As  the disease advances, the tongue be-
comes red,  the month  is covered with aphtha,  and the
Verge of the anus appears  inflamed.  The child is fre-
quently drowsy before  the  aphtha appears.  The infarft
rapidly emaciates.   It often proves fatal in a short time.

                     TREATMENT.

   The treatment should be  begun by an emetic. Small
doses of bilious phys:c, neutralizing physic, castor oil, or
rhubarb and magnesia, should then  bo  given frequently,
while the  urgent symptoms continue.  Mucilaginous and
anodyne injections may be thrown  up,  with the view of
sheathing  the  lower parts  of the  inflamed  membrane.
Give the antipyrosis liquid.   Use a wash or gargle lor the
mouth, made of a decoction of sumac berries in Which
there is a small quantity  of golden  seal;  to  this add a
small quantity of borax  ; wash the mouth with this several
times a day.  If  it should prove obstinate, give the alter-
ative syrup, and  wash  with the yellow  wash.   A warm
bath is  frequently serviceable.  Great attention should be
paid to the diet of the child, which must consist altoge-
ther of milk, or the lightest furinacious preparatioua.
                  ANGINA  PECTORIS.

  aymptoms.  Angina pectoris consists of repeated parox-
yms of violent pain or uneasiness about the chest, occuring
principally when the  patient is walking up hill, or soon
after eating.  The feeling of pain i» so acute, as to maka
him instantly stand still,  and even to give  the  apprehen-
sion of immediate death, it is refered to the  sternum, a
little inclined to the left side; from  this point, it shoota
across  the breast to the left  arm, and appears to terminate
at the elbow.  In some cases, it shoots to the right breast,
and passes  down  the same way.   The duration of the
paroxysm has been, in some very severe cases,  protracted
to hall an hour or more ;  the face and extremities becom-
ing pale, and bathed with a cold sweat.
                          7* 
SICK HEAD ACHE.
                     TREATMENT.

  In the paroxysm, give the antispasmodic drops, and di-
git: hs, also, the red  drop, put the feet in warm ley, and
 apply  fomentations.  To  obviate their retir n,  recourse
must be  had to blisters,  purgatives,  seatons, issues, &c.
applied about the chest.
              PALNTATION OF THE HEART.

  For this affection, give the red drops, and antipyrosis
liquid.  \f thev should not succeed, give the tincture of
sttarnoiiium. digitalis, and restorative cordial.

   The oil oi tar is a good remedy for pains in the breaat
or chest.

   Oil of turpentine,  and neatsfoot oil, is very good to ap-
ply for pain in the  back.
             JtLEBDING  FROM  THE  PENIS.

  A  decoction  of peach leaves, frequently acts like a
charm to cure this disease.
                   3ICK. HBAD ACHE.
                                             I

   Give an emetic, then purge :  25 or $0 drops of the an-
tispasmodic drops may be given A or »  ti»es throtgh the
day, with good effect.


                     tun or tol. r.
4 
                        TJ4E

   REFORM*  2?  PRACTICE   .




AS TAUGHT AT THE REFO*fcit> MFDICAL .,OLLE«S IH THE
   CITt OF NEW TOKE, AT  WOK f-*. i i* UTON,  HIO, A.WS
     ALL THE REFORMED  SCOOG .  i^ THE  UNITE*
                      'VATES.

                   CCNTAINT^Gi
ALL  THE PRACTICE OF DR. BEACH OF  NEW YORK
  OF  THE*CELEBRV> SB DR. BONE OF NEW JERSEY,
        AND OTHSh CELEBRATED BOTANIC
                  PRACTITIONERS.
ff&e Uoiumen in one-
        VOL. II.
  IT FROrESSORS AND MEMBERS  OP THE
BBFOBMED filUMSAL COS^SG-ES
 IW  NEW X.ORKAND WORTHINGTON, 0«I#.
1 Tfce science of Medicine, likejthe Doric Column, ghoul*' stasJ
  siur-LB, ruM, and majestic, having fact for its bain, in-
   »¥Cti»n for its pillar, and truth alone for its  eapital.
lOfTON, 1831. 
a-
> 
REFORMED   PRACTICE

                      OF
                    INFLAMMATION.

   Every organ  and structure of the body, is S*bic to in-
lamma: <n ;  and next to lever, this is  he i-.-ftt impor-
tant  subject  of inquiry in  the wide ts-»nt of medical
science.   When any part of the body obv> us to ;ur sen-
ses, becomes inflamed, such a? the skin, the tonsil, or the
eye, there  are four aHeiH' oris from the healthy state of the
part, which l.f.M-.of.e manifest.  These  e.tep-un.   heat,  red-
nets, aru. swelling   '.< is r.'<onc of these synptoms singly,
but  the -r  cot, oin 'in    hcli  mark  rhe exi-tan. o < f  in-
flnri  uuii. m   Tin s/m '.ton.  s o1 internal ■>/( ,mmaUon are
more « .scr-e. and requ   e n- «e minute ■ r <-~.Ugz   n   Its
presence h ju Ij. ^u of in tv o .  ays, b  local and by con-
stitutions!  <yrrp,..,n.s    Ihe i«^-;ii  :.vui>»   ms are  pains,
increase o1  on  |.■*«-sm-i"-, .Jiid dit-t» rn^re u\  ft iction ;  the
constitutional, fever, and bumnes- o d'<><>';
   Pisysh.i  ij/i  (- re'lurv  tl'o  rur.dai'it-r't«.l texoire- of the
body \  five" vix :- cellulr.r  m^m »ra-..-. .er .snu-nbran*
mucous membrane, sk.n, m>i n r ' t mern!  me ; -s id ac-
cordingly, there are five Aantt.es < i  '..rim-in -non ov.nded
on p». n ie.uy of st.tirture,  viz:—• !ile<;» '   ius, >»roui,
naucou*.  en .->"•■   ^- ami rheumatic.

       GENERAL TRE'TMEWT  OF lVFh^X i ATION.

   Tha  y. ..«»*'  trenT ».«» of 'w^J »; d W   efal inflsiliaia,-
tion, conb.ste  n  *u» m,i#. fcrnentin?   t; ping,  purging,
poulticing, «nd the  application of tie'-.-  ;n* w*80« 
82  "                 ULCERS.
                      CLCBR3.

  This is an important  subject, inasmuch as ulcers ara
met with almost dtily, by the practitioner, and frequently
resist the effort of the most skilful.  For the convenience
of description,  we will  consider  the  subject under the
heads of—1st, the simple ulcer; 2d, the irritable ulcer:
3d, the indolent  ulcer.
   The simple ulcer is usually met with in the young and
healthy subjects, and is the result of some injury done to
a sound  part, by wound, bruise, burn, fee.   The surface
of this ulcer is florid, from the small red  granulations
which cover the bottom and sides of it.  In a little time,
 small white patches may be observed on tfie top of these
 granulations; first near  the edge of the old skin, and at
 last  in the middle, and  other parts of the sore.  These
 patches lay the  foundation of a new scarf skin.  From the
 sore there is always discharged a white, thick, inoderotis
 pus, small in quantity, and easily wiped away.
   2. Irritable ulcer.  The edges of this ulcer are ragged
 and  shelving, or undermined.   The  parts for some dis-
 tance beyond the ulcer,  are red, and inflamed, and often
 cedernatous ; irregular hollows occupy  the bottom of the
 ulcer, and  contain a thin, greenish,  or redish matter,
 which ia so extremely acrid, as to excoriate the adjoining
 akin.  In place of granulations, may be found a white or
 dark red spongy mass,  extremely painful,  and shedding
 blood upon the slightest touch.
   This  ulcer generally proceeds from impure caii9«s.
   3d.   The Indolent ulcer is the most common and is
 frequently found  in the lazy, filthy,  and  dissipated.   Ill
 appearance differs  much from  the simple  and  irritable;
 the surface of the sore has a flat and shining appearance,
 and is covered  partly with a pellicle or crust of a whitish,
 or dark  grey color, so tenacious as to be inseparable from
 the ulcer without considei able force.   There is generally
 a free discharge from the ulcer, but sometimes it is dry or
 free of matter.   The edges are  elevated,  protuberant,
 smooth  and rounded;  hence a very  deep cavity is appa-
 rently formed, when in reality, the base of the ulcer is very
 little below the  level of the second skin.  For a consider*
 able distance beyond the ulcer the parts are swollen and 
                                                  3
                   TREATMENT.                63*

hard, and the whole inflamed.  This ulcer is much ihe most
frequently found on the leg.   Commonly, there  is little I
I  -. n attending, in some instances, however, there is a
\:  jJ deal of burning and smarting.

                    TREATMENT.

  Th0 simple tilrer need  but litlle treatment.  If from
? xposuro to co'd or moisture, inflammation attend,  fo
:n,,nt, steam, poultice, and dress with black sulve.
  In the  treatment  of the  irrilabls or inflammatory
 ilcer, purgatives should occasionally be given.   Of all
  moilient poultices, perhaps the common  slippery elm
poultice is the best.   This  should  be applied,  especi-
ally :hrough the night,  If  this should not succeed in
 '•rresting the  inflammation,  steam with  a decoction of
ih.e  common  fomentation or stramonium.  Soak  tlie
feet in  warm  water or ley.  The discutient and whito
ointment should  be applied around the edges and some*
times directly to ihe  ulcer.  If the granulations  raise
mueli above the  surface,  they should be touched with.
 the vegetable rauslic.  Press with the black salve.
   In t':e treatment of indolent ulcers there should be e.
strict adherence to the applirniion of emollient and  sti-
 mulating poultices, fomentation,, and steaming.   The
 most general  pouliice will  be  the  common  slippery
 elm ; but oftf n ihe most derided  good eflVc's will arise
 from the appi c.ition  of the  wild indigo, alkalin,  white
 lily, carrot, and  potaio poultice,  i: sloughing should
 attend  any kind of ulcers,  the  yeasi pouliice is to be
 used.
   Poultices should be used, particularly at nights if dis-
 continued through the day—dress will the black save.
 sprend ihin 01 limn.  After proptr drcs-ings are ap-
 plied, and compresses laid over, a b milage or roller
 should be neatly put  around the limb,  from  the  tors
 upwards, in sucti a manner  as not to press on the skiu
 in creases.
   In order to create a healthy  action and stimulate the
 surface,  washes, caustics,  stimulating  solutions,  and
 ointments must  be used.   Where the edges are thick,
 prominent, bard, smooth and round, first apply tlie  yil-
 low wash, black wash,  a wash n a le of  Castile  soap
 and brandy, white ointment, discut.ent ointment, &c. 
6
TREATMENT.
    Should these not  have a desired effect, something
  more powerful shoi 11 be itsorted to.  The vegetable
  caustic may be applied to the edj/cs.
    The best effect* often fjilow tl e application of* few
  grains of ihe muriate of mrvcary or minsril cauatie.
  Pulvf rized  blood-root is a f.ne remedy.
    Decided  advan'^ga v.-ill, ;n m >st cases,  foil »w cup-
  ping a onnd t'u par*   A pint of blood miy be taken
  ih this way  in >ome cases.   This will have  a ten >iicy
  to obviate hardness.   In all ca3es the alterative myruf
  should be freely taken.
    Diet  should be  light, but little exercise  ghou 1 be
  taken with ihe limb ;  he  foot  mu*t be kept raised te
  facilitate i'he reiirn of blood.
    There will be but few ulcers met with but trhat will
  receive decided benefits from the judicious use  of ths
  above remedies.
    We could mention a number of cas^s,  their names
  and  places of residence,  for which amputation was de-
  cided to  bo  the only  remedy, and  that v.> save the life
 pf the patient,  by half a dozen of the be.t and most
 popular surgeons in the city of N:w-York, (we  night
 say in  America, for  they have  as  good  there ts anv
  where,) but  by a prompt, persevering, and  well-direc ■
 ed application of the above remedies have beenentireiy
 cured.   Now we would ask if two  legs vere not better
 than  one.   There is not the least  doubt but there  are
 hundreds of legs cut  off where there is  not the least
 need of it.   We have seen cases cured, and also ampu-
 tations  performed, where  the symptoms were in na
  comparison  to those cured.
   lu the treatment of sinus ulcers, a lint  should be
 lubricated with a little of the while  ointment to prevent
 the orifiVe from closing.  Syringe  in Castile soap-sud«
 twice a day; then the yellow and black wash. If this
 should not succeed, a solution of  the mineral caust'e
 may  be,used for the same  purpose, in proportions of
 about six or  four grains to 2 ounces of water.   A little
 of the mineral, or vegetable caustic may be  introduced
 on a  probe or lint, not over a grain of tlie mineral.  If
 inflammation follow, pouliice.   Occasionally give pur-
 gatives and alterative powders.
  Further observation  will be seen on the treatment •(
sinus  ulcers under the heid of *htula? and scrofula 
WOUND*.                     7
                      WOUNDS.

   Under this head we shall adopt the following divisioa
•f wounds,  viz.   Incised, Punctured,  and Lacerated
wounds.
   Incised wounds are the most  simple, and independent
of hemorrhage, the  least dangerous of all.  Profuse
bleeding however is apt to take place even from vessels
of moderate size, provided the cutting instrument is ex-
ceedingly  sharp ;  a wound produced by a dull instrument
on the contrary, seldom pours out much blood.  As soon
as any part is cut there is a recession of its ed|M.
   Punctured wounds are  created.by sharp*nd narrow in-
struments.  When slight they are se'^»m  attended with
inconvenience or danger.  Mucb however will depend
on the situation of the part wounded, and the constitution
of the patient.   An apparent trifling puncture among tha
tendons, nerves an<* fascia, has sometimes  caused tha
lockjaw. Manv tfistressing consequences not unfrequently
result from punctures in various parts of the body.
   Lacerated wounds, are produced by any obtuse orirre-
pular body driven with force'against the part.  The soft
parts may be torn and mangled, and dirt kneaded  into
them.  Wounds of this description  are attended with
more or less pain and danger according to their extent
and  location.

                     TREATMENT.

   The  first object in the treatment of all  wounds, is to
prevent hemorrhage,  and  clear them of all extraneous
and foreign matter.  The next is  to endeavor to heal by
the^r»« intention.   What is meant by  healing by the first
intention; is, healing without inflammation  or suppura-
tion,  which always must be. done in a short time after the
wound  is  received.  The healing of a wound is not the
result of any application ; that it is, in short, nothing but
the work of nature.   There has  never been discovered
any  such  thing  yet,  as a healing virtue in any remedy.
The  idea  " that there is nothing in  nature healing; na
such thing as a balsam, no balm in Gilead," is very revolt-
ing to the minds of many, but such is  the fact. The first
application to a simpla incised wound is  the improved 
8
CONTUSIONS.
plaster.   This is made as follows.   There should be first,
four pieces  of adhesive plaster,  cut of the size wanted.
The edges of  two should be coarsely sewed, =o as to b«
within a half an  inch or an inch of each other.  The re-
maining two should be. sewed in the same manner, but in
such a way  as to have the threads interwoven with  tha
first; that one of the pieces of plaster may be under ont
of the first, and  the other, on the opposite side, abave.
Tr*j sticking sides should all face one way, so that, when
the tw<» bottom plasters are placed one on each side of ths
wound, t>-/ttrawing the two upper, the edges of the wound
readily approximate.  This is much in preference to ths
common way, as 'a may be kept on a week, and the wound
may be seen through ^e threads ;  over this may  be laid
a little lint or-a black plaster, then compresses and banda-
ges.  When a wound cannot \«> healed by the first inten-
tion, it is to be  treated the same as an ulcer.  If inflam-
mation occurs, foment, -steam, and poultice.
   The orifice of punctured wounds should not be allowed
to be closed,  by the introduction  of a tent.   Lacerated
 wounds are to be treated by poultices, fomentations, black
plasters, &e.
                     CONTUSIONS.

  In contusions, more or less injury is sustained, although
the 9kin may remain entire.  In general the smaller vessels
are ruptured, and blood is poured into the cellular texture
or among  the  muscles, producing an echymosies, and
discoloration; various grades  of  injury is  sustained, ae-
oording to  the situation and extent of the wound.

                     TREATMENT.

  In bruisas when there is  great pain  and swelling, apply
first the common poultice; if this  should not be sufficient,
steam, foment, and cup.   Diet should be light.  If much
fever excited, give purgatives.   Much benefit will some-
times arise from the application of the sal  ammoniat
wash,  common  liniment,  and sear  cloth  plaster.  If
pain should prevent sleep, give anodynes, such aa Da-
vara powders, and  black drop. 
MORTIFICATION.
9
                     ERYSIPELAS.

   This is a disease of the skin, the surface of which hi
 elevated  and of a light scarlet color, mixed occasion-
 ally with  yellow and dusky red, and having an abrupt
 termination.  The rer/.ness is accompanied  by a burn-
 ing sensation, or by itching.  When pressure is made
 upon  the swelling, the redness disappears, leaving a
 white  spot in  its place.  The redness, however, is
 quickly restored upon the pressure being removed.  In
 some cases small vesicles,  containing an acrid serum,
 appear on the diseased surface.
   Generally, but not always, more or less chilliness or
 shivering,  fever, nausea, precede the appearance of
 arysipelas.  These symptoms  cease about the  third
 day, and the redness  and swelling  soon after take
 place.  In mild cases the  cuticle separates in flakes,
 and the skin beneath assumes a healthy avspect.  When
 vesicles  form,  they either  dry up and desquamate, or
 else terminate in ulceration or sphacelus.  Erysipelas is
 sometimes combined with a phlegmon forming what is
 termed erysipelas phlegmonvieles.

                     TREATMENT,

*  If much plethora, cup the parts, evacuate the bowels
 with the  bilious physic.   A wash made of borax  and
 milk succeeds  well in many cases.   Apply the discu-
 tient,  green and white  ointment. If this  should  not
 succeed,  apply a wash made of brandy and the mine-
 ral caustic, from two to six  grains to the ounce.1 A
 wash of  the tincture of capricum is very good; also
 slippery elm bark and buttermilk.  Red lead, simmer-
 ed  in sweet oil, has been said to be good.  If there is
 high inflammation, apply the sal ammoniac wash.  Diet
 should be light  and cooling.  A decoction of elder
 flowers has been recommended.
                  MORTIFICATION.

  Gangrene and sphacelus have been used to express
tha same disease.  But we shall employ the term gan~ 
10           POLYPUS «F THE  NOSE.
grene to denote that condition of apart which immedi-
ately precedes its death, and the term sphacelus to de-
note the  complete death of a part;  and the term mor-
tification to designate both stages of the complaint.
  When a part loses its-sensibility, heat, and color, its
▼itality  is extinguished,  and mortification  ensues.
These changes seldom take  place suddenly ; but are
generally preceded by  an increase of pain, of a pungent
burning  kind.   The swelling also is increased, tin
blood still circulates in the larger vessels, the skin be-
tomes soft and of a dark red or purple color, and vesi-
cles are formed beneath the  cuticle, containing  a thin
serum.
  Along with these  local symptoms,  there is a quick
and tremulous pulse and of the typhoid character. The
tongue is dry and of a brownish tinge ; the  skin very
hot, and the  patient restless  ; delirium, subsultu*, ten-
denum, nausea, and hiccup frequently supervene. The
part soon becomes cold and insensible, and sphacelus is
completely established.  If a vital part is the seat, the
patient often dies ; but sometimes it happens, that tha
constitutional symptoms slowly or suddenly  yield; a
red fissure is formed at the junction of the living and
dead parts, the latter are separated by ulcerative absorp-
tion, granulations sprout up, and the patient may re- m
cover—provided the  constitution has not  been too
much weakened by the disease.

                    TREATMENT.

  First apply the alkaline poultice: if this should not
succeed  apply the yeast poultice.   Yeast may  be given
internally.  Give tunics to support the system.
  In the  treatment of  dry mortification, the vegetable
or mineral caustic may be applied in order to excite a
different action in the parts.   After this apply the yeast
poultice.
                 POLYPUS OF THE NOSE.

  A polypus may arise from the lining  membrane of tha
*o*e, or from the superior or inferior  spongy bone.  la 
TUMORS.                   U
shape it is usually pyraform.  It will sometimes originate
high in the  nose, when instead of falling forward, takes a
backward direction, and hangs behind the palate   A po-
lypus is sometimes firm and very solid, in other inslancea
it is extremely soft and tender.   They are generally very
vascular, and if wounded, bleed, profusely.   They are
very troublesome, and liable to  produce inflammations on
the surrounding parts,

                     TREATMENT.

   Much advantage has been derived from  the use of a
snuff, in the treatment  of polypus, made  as follows :—
Bayberry bark, blood root pulverized, and calomel, of each
equal parts ;  this should be freely introduced up the nose.
If (he polypus is large and protrudes, it should be cut off
by drawing a ligature around it  tight, after which the snuff
may be used to prevent its further growth,
                     TUMOURS.

  Tumours are very various in their appearance, and may
be produced by a variety of exciting causes.  Their chai-
acter is as various as the  causes which produce them.

                   TREATMENT.

  Tha first object should be to discuss them, by the appli-
cation of the discutient ointment, cycuta plaster, hemlock
plaster, juice  of rnilk-weed, extract of sorrel and  poka
fomentations, poultices, &c.   But  if they should  not suc-
ceed, the best way is to apply caustic directly over the tu-
mour, so as to promote a discharge.   The caustic should
be rubbed on  for the space of a minute  or two, or until
the surface becomes black ; after this, poultices are to ba
applied.  It will usually slough in about six or eight days.
We have seen a great many cured in this way.  It is much
better than cutting ; others are not so apt to follow.
                          8» 
12                   CANCER.
CANCER,
  Is an ulcerated schirrus ; and aschirrus is a dense hard
tumor, resulting from that kind of inflammation, in which
there is an  increased afflux to  the p'art inflamed, of the
white  part  only, of the blood.  A phclgmon is a tumor
or swelling,  from an increased afflux  of red blood, 6ic.
Schirrus, as  just said,  arises from  an increased flow of
the white portions of the blood.
   The schirrous or hard tumor,  which terminates in can-
cer, is unequal on the  surface,  unusually  heavy, and the
Bkin covering it puckered, and of a faint, bluish, or leaden
hue, attended at first with a painful itching, and  aftttwardt
with sharp shooting,  gnawing, or tearing pairm.  Sooner
or later, acute inflammation  takes place in the parts, in
contact  with the tumor,  giving rise  to  adhesions be-
tween the  tumor and those  parts  ; in this condition, the
 disease  may remain for months and years, but eventually
 the skin cracks, or ulcerates, in one or more places, and
 from the fissures or ulcers is discharged a  thin, acrimoni-
 ous, and fetid  matter, which corrodes  the adjoining parts,
%and hurries  on the  ulccrati\e sloughing process.  Some-
 times a'large cavity is suddenly produced,  which dischar-
 ges a  bloody  offensive matter.   This  cavity  is  rapidly
 filled up by  a  hard, irregular fungous mass, which pro-
 trudes beyond the ed^es of the sore, and often bleeds pro-
 fusely of "its own  accord, or from the ?l,«htest irritation.
 Around the  ulcer thus formed, the skin continues of a pur-
 ple color, and  its edges  rtiuain  extnnely hard.   The
 surface of the sore is of a dark red color, and has a pecu-
 liar glassy lustre.   The margins are elevated and jagged.
 The disease thus marching on, the patient  becomes hectic
 and sooner  or later, falls a victim to its ravages.
    The  medical world, lave for ages been in  search of a
 cure  for  cancer  but they  searched, they tugged, they
 toiled  to little purpose ; the knife, mercury, and the lan-
 cet have proved equally insufficient :  and  the mitral and
 cutting doctors have at last  after killing  their thousands
 and tens of thousands, acknowledged their want of skdl
 and have yielded the palm to the humble and unpretatd*g
 disciples of reformed Medicine. 
•CROFFULA.                 IS
TREATMENT.
   In the treatment of cancer or scirrhus, great attention
must be paid to diet, and the exhibition ot such medicine
as are calculated  to  alter the morbid state of the fluids.
To fulfil this indication, purge sparingly, and give freely
the scrofulous and alterative syrup.
   Ferris' plaster has long been a  popular remedy,  and
much advantage is derived from its application in many
cases, (see phar.)   The yeast poultice should be applied
after the plaster.  The plaster  may  be kept on from six
to twelve hours.   If it causes much pain, give anodynes.
Sloughing will take place  in a few days.   Scirrhus tu-
mors in the breasts are frequently  taken out in this way,
and perfectly healed.
   In the first stage of scirrhus, there should alWays be an
attempt made to discuss or resolve them, by the applica-
tion of the dicutient ointment, cicuta plasters, fomenta-
tions, poultice, &c.
   When there is great pains, apply an ointment  made of
stramonium.   Much benefit is often  derived from the use
 o^he vegetable caustic, both in form of a powder andsolu-
 tion, applied in sufficient quantities, only to excite a heal-
 thy actw.,, an0«  stimulate the surface.  A few grains of
 the mineral rustic succeeds in some cases, applied around
 Ihe edges.
SCROFULA.
  An opinion has been entertained, that in scrofula a
morbid matter is generated which has a specific influence
on  the  lymphatic  system ; bat there are no sufficient
•rounds for this notion.   What  the circumstances, how-
ever are, which in a scrofulous habit render  the lympha-
tic system so peculiarly liable to infiammaiion, we know
not.  Scrofula affects  equally many  other structures, and
in all cases the inflammation which is excited has the same
general character.   It is of a chronic, languid kind. Tha
scrofulous abscess is distinguished by its jagged and un-
•ven sides.   The pus which it contains, instead of having 
14                 TREATMENT".
a bland, uniform, cream-like appearance, is thin, or icho-
rous, and  mixed with curdy flakes.  The ulcer by  which
it  is succeeded, has a smooth,  obtuse,  and- overlapping
margin.   The surface of the sore is of a light red  color,
and the granulations are flabby and  indistinct.   For  »
great length of time, in spite of every care, it remains in-
dolent, neither increasing nor diminishing in size.
   There  is hardly an  organ or  tissue of the body  which
can be considered free from the occasional ravages of scro-
fula.   It  appears sometimes in the head, in the form of
small tumors, attached to the membranes, or  imbedded in
the substance of the brain or cerebellum, and  laying the
foundation of hydrocephalus.  In the lungs,  scrofula ex-
hibits  itself in the  form of tubercles,  scattered  through
their substance, modifying the character of inflammation
in  that  organ,  and  producing  genuine consumption.
Scrofula,  in like manner, attacks in their turn all the vis-
cera of the abdomen, the liver,  the peritonreum,  the kid-
ney, the ovaria, and above all the mesenteric glands.
   Of  the external   parts of  the body liable to scrofulous
disease (independent  of the lymphatic  system)  may be
particularly specified, the tarsi, the thyroid gland, tw
mamma,  the  testicle,  and lastly,  the bones and  -"ne*
structures connected with joints.
   All  periods of life are liable  to scrofulous.jlsease» "UJ
the tendency to  it is certainly greatest in childhood, and
again  when the growth of the body is completed.

                      TREATMENT.

   The treatment of scrofula will be governed in  a  great
measure by the  consideration of the treatment of the two
preceding diseases.   In  the treatment of all  forms of
scrofula, there should be a strict  adherence to  light,  nour-
ishing, and proper diet, warm clothing, steaming, foment-
ing, poulticing, and sea  bathing  when the  weather is
suitable, if it agrees with the patient.
   In  addition to the poultices recommended under ths
head of tumors, is the  Indian turnip,  yellow dock, and
bitter-sweet poultices.  The Indian  turnip poultice, pre-
pared either from the green or dry, is of great importance
as an application to scrofulous tumors.   But  in scrofula, 
WHITE SWELLING.             l£
af all the poultices or applications, perhaps those prepared
from the bark of the root of the  bayberry are the best.
They often succeed in discussing tumors, but their value
is greater in obstinate scrofulous ulcers.   A poultice may
be made of the powdered  bark and meal, or flour, and
milk or water ; also a decoction of the same should be
syringed in several times a day.   Give the scrofulous sy-
rup frealy.
                  WHITE  SWELLING.

   According to the  arrangement of some authors, whits
■welling comprehends.   1st. Inflammation of the synovi-
al membrane.   2d.  Morbid change of structure in the
synovial membrane.  3d.  Ulceration of the  cartilages of
joints.   4th. Scrofulous diseases of the joints, having its
origin in the cancellous structure of bones.
   Although all the joints are more or less exposed to this
disease, the knee is the most frequent seat of it.  A gen-
eral swelling  is first pcrceptable about  the joint, followed
by an obtuse pain, more or less severe, according to the
peculiar character ef  the  disease.   The motion of the
joint is gradually destroyed, several  years will frequently
elapse before  it runs  to a natural final termination, in
which case the patient  dies worn down with hectic.  The
various  phenomena  of the disease, is best described in
voluminous elementary works on disease.

                    TREATMENT.

   There is scarcely any disease, in which the good effects
of steaming and fomenting  with  bitter herbs,  are more
•bvious  than  in this.   The steam of a decoction of the
common fomentation should be directed to the leg cover-
ed with  a blanket,  often,  and a quantity  of  the herbs
bound on.  If the leg should be flexed or bent  by a con-
traction of the muscles, apply the green oil, common lini-
ment,  strengthning  plaster, and warm friction.  Skunk
grease and angle worm oil, has been highly recommended.
The stimulating liquid  is  good.   Poultice with alka- 
10                 •YPUALIf.
line bayberry bark, and Indian turnip poultices.  Apply
the discutient and green ointment.  Purge and give freely
of ths scrofulous syrup.   If suppuration takes place and
steers form, treat them  as has been laid down for other
ulcers.  Give anodynes when much pain.
                       BURNS.

  These are common accidents ; great injury and some-
times death  follow.   The division which may be made of
burns are, 1. superficial, ulcerated, and carbunculous.
  In the superficial, the cuticle or scarf skin, is injured,
but does not separate from  the true skin, till a new ono
is formed.   The pain and swelling is not great,  and there
is  no vesication.   In the second  species, the skin  is
much injured,  a serous or watery effusion takes place, ths
cuticle separates and leaves behind a painful and suppu-
rating sore.   The third  species,  or carbunculous  or
sloughing, is that in which the skin and adjoining parts
are disorganised and converted into a hard eschar.

                     TREATMENT.

  In recent scalds  or burns, the first  application to  ba
made,  is  the stramonium   ointment,  olive  oil,  and
borax, or a liniment  made of  equal  parts of  flax seed
oil and lime water.   After this, the common poultice. A
little sweet  oil may be used to prevent it from sticking.
Borax and sweet oil should be added to the poultice some-
times.  After  the inflammation  has subsided, dress with
the black salve.
  When fungus flesh arises, treat it as in ulcers.   Apply
the vegetable caustic, yellov/ wash, &c. Whoever makes
««e of the above treatment  will soon discover its value.
                       SYPHILIS.

  Syphilis is a venereal taint or poison, in its con firm sa
state in the system, exhibiting the following symptoms. 
TREATMENT.
IT
  ■Chancre, or the true syphalitic sore, usually begins with
a slight imflammation on some part of the genital organs,
attended with  itching.   This itching is soon converted
into pain.   A pimple is in a short time formed, which on
bursting up leaves an  excavated ulcer, with hard, abrupt
edges, and a surface coated with a  gray tenacious mat-
ter.   Chancres may occupy any part of the surface of tha
body.
  Bubo always takes place in those lymphatic glands is
the immediate neighborhood of chancre, while those mors
remote remain uncontaminated.   The glands of the groin
are the ones  commonly affected.   Bubo seldom  arises
from  chronic chancre, but usually makes its appearance
soon  after the chancre is established. Very extensive ulce-
rations now and then follow a bubo.  Buboes frequently
arise  from  other causes than the absorption of venereal
virus, as wounds and sores on the feet, &,c.        „
   Bubo should be  looked upon as one of the principal
symptoms in syphilis; for so leng as the venereal virus is
detained in the glands or their vessels, it may be consi-
dered as on its way to the system.
   The secondary, or constitutional symptoms of  syphilis,
present themselves under several forms, which appear is
regular order  of succession.   The parts first attacked
 are the throat, nose, mouth, tongue, and skin ;  and next
to  theso  the periosteum, fascia, tendons, bones, liga-
 ments, eyes,  ears, &c.   The progressive stages of tha
 disease are numerous, variable, and often horrible beyosd
 description.

                      TREATMENT.

   Buboes and chancres should be poulticed and fomented.
 Use the discutient ointment; if much pain, give anodynes,
 such as Dover's powders or black drops.
    When ulcers form, apply the mild mineral caustic all
 over the surface ; if this should not have a desired effect,
 use the mineral.  Also apply the black and yellow wash,
 and  dress with the black salve—poultice if much inflam-
 mation   In all cases the  patient should take freely of
 tha alterative syrup; add one or two grains of the muri-
 ate  of mercury to each  bottle.   Cleanliness should be
 particularly enjoined.  Avoid all  stimulating liquors  and
 diet. 
18
GONORRHOEA.
                      GONORRHOEA.

    The question whether  gonorrhoea  and  syphilis  be of
  the same or a different  nature, has long been a disputed
  point.  Those who have had the greatest opportunity for
  investigating them, consider them as distinct diseases.
    The symptoms of virulent gonorrhoea are a slight titra-
  tion or uneasiness of the glans penis ; a pouting or tumi-
  dity of the lips of the urethra.   More or less redness or
  inflammation about the prepuce or glans,  together with
  a fulness of the whole penis.  These are soon  followed
  by a discharge  from the urethra, of a thin, whitish fluid,
  which soon changes into a thick tenacious  purulent mat-
  ter of a  yellow color, and peculiar smell ; considerable
  pain  is now felt  along the urethra and perineum ; the
  urine is now discharged in a thin,  wire-like,  or forked
  stream, accompanied with a burning heat or severe scald-
  ing.   By this,time the  inflammation attains considerabls
  height; the glans penis  becomes  swollen, tense of  a
 bright red color,  and its surface has a  shining aspeci
  As the inflammation rises, the color of the discharge from
 the same cause changes, from a deep yellow to a greenish
 tint.  The symptoms are more or  less modified by pe-
 culiarities of constitution,  the  disease acting with far
 more violence on some than  on others.
   A very painful affection often accompanies gonprrhcea,
 and is known by the name of Chordee, and  is one of ths
 most troublesome symptoms the patient baa to eontepi
 with.

                     TREATMENT.

   In the treatment of gonorrhoea, purgatives should oc-
 casionally be  given.   Diet  light and vegetable.   The
 diuretic drops should be taken, a teaspoon full three timet
 a day, this will usually shortly cure; but when a discharge
 proves obstinate, after inflammatory symptoms  are sup-
 pressed, use the following with a syringe several times a
day :  white vitriol, 8 grains,  water,  8  ounces.   Yellow
aad black wash also. 
Fistula in  ano.
13
                  FISTULA  IN ANO.

  When an abcess forms in the cellular membrane, sur*
rounding the rectum, or about theveige of the anus, and
leaves  after its  contents arc  discharged,  one  or more
small openings communicating with its cavity, the disease
\siienom\nAlQt\fistula in ano. Other appellations have also
been invented, expressive of the particular situation of
the fistulous orifice, and the  extent of the disease.  If
the fistula  opens upon the surface of the integuments, it
is called an external fistula ; if it communicates with the
rectum, and not with the integuments, an internal fistula;
and  when  there  is an opening in  the  gut and another
through the skin, a complete fistula.
  The formation of a  fistula in ano, is often denoted  by
rigors, a painful swelling about the ischium or perinaeum,
difficulty of passing urine,  by irritation  in the rectum
and  neck  of the bladder.   During the progress of the
disease, the patient, in many instances, suffers immense-
ly ; at other times, however, the abcess  forms and breaks
almost without the patient being aware of its existence.
Generally the abcess communicates with the integuments
by a single  opening;  occasionally three or four ate met
with.  In healthy constitutions the abscess does  not differ
from that of the common phlegmon, met with in the other
parts of the cellular tissue.  In  consumptive and scrofu-
lous patients, however, the disease often assumes a diffe-
rent shape.   The surface of the integuments is covered
with an erysipelatous  inflammation, Ihe fever,  sickness,
and pain, are very considerable,  the matter is discharged
in  small quantity, and from a sloughy, ill conditioned open-
ing, or from a ragged  unhealthy surface.

                     TREATMENT.

  The  usual  remedy  for this obstinate and troublesome
disease is an operation, the want of success of  which, is
known to all.  The following has generally been found
successful with us.  Th« great indication to fulfil, in the
treatment of this disease, is to remove the callous state of
the parts, and excite a preternatural discharge, by the ap-
plication of stimulating and  c.iustic remedies.  Evert
part of the sinus should be known by the use of the probe* 
ao
TINEA  CAPITIS.
  The  first remedy will  be mineral caustic.   After the
use of Castile soap suds  with a proper syringe, a small
quantity of that, (from half a grain to two grains) should
be introduced to the farthest extremity of the  ulcer,  by
means of  the end of a probe, lent, or lint pushed in with
the probe, this maybe removed again  with the sharp end
of the probe, a little bent. The caustic nir,y be  used once
in two and five  days, for a long lime,  in  the iiu-mi time
syringe with Castile soap suds, keep in a tent  lubricated
with the white ointment, and dress with a plaster of black
salve.  Keep the  dressing on by a  bandage attached to
another one,  fastened  around the body.   If this should
not succeed,  the vegetable caustic is to be used next, in
a similar manner, but in larger quantities, also, in form of
 a solution with  a syringe.   This will usually cause a free
 discharge of matter in a short time.
   If there is an opening of the fistula into the rectum, after
 the above treatment, for a while we usually pass a l'galure
 around,  through  the  opening,  by introducing a piobe
 curved down  the sinus, and up the rectum; tie the ligature
 to the end  of the  probe, anil draw it Lack.   By gtntly
 tightning the ends, the septum is cut off in several i\ayz.
    A  strong deooafion  made of equal  parts of blue flag
 root/scabish roots[and tops, white hellabore,[soloinoii, seal,
 and indian turnip, thrown up, twice a  day, is said to be a
 valuable  remedy.   With all remedies, the bowels should
 be kept open with proper physic ;  diet light.
    There is often a diseased state of the lungs in this com-
 plaint, this should be attended to.
    The above treatment is applicable for all kinds of fistu-
 la* about the anus, or perineum.
                   TINEA  CAPITIS*

  Tinea capitis, (the porrigo scutulata ofWilTan,) com-
monly called ringworm of the  scalp, or scald head, is an
affection of a very peculiar kind.  Its leading feature is
the falling off  of the  hair, arising  (according  to Mr.
Plumbe, who has  paid great  attention to this subject,)
from execwive excitement of the vessel of the scalp, whicn 
IlitiMKRHOldS  PILES.
21.
   deprives the structure secreting the hair cf its due nour-
   •jshmunt.  It  undoubtedly originates in the application-of
   an infecliotis matter, and spreads by the secretion of the
   pustules which  are formed.  It is  a  singularly obstinate
   complaint, and resists,'in many  cases, for a length of tim«
   the best directed exertions of medical art.

                       TREATMENT.

      Wash the  head with soap-suds,  then  apply the whits
   ointment, or  sulphur mixed  with the white ointment.  If
   this should not succeed, use the dicutient and tar  oint-
   ment.   The  tar ointment is made by mixing far with the
   white ointment.   If this should fail, add white hellebore.
      A wash made of blood root,  and vinegar, is very good.
   !n the  mean time, exhibit freely of a decoction of bitter-
   sweet, and yellow dock.   Occasionally purge.   Also givs
t   the alterative syrup.
                      WHITLOW,

   Is an inflammation of the fingers.  Various tissues art
occasionally the seat of the disease.  Hence various  ap-
'pearances are observed in  their progress and termination
and equally various degrees of suffering endured  by the
patients, afflicted with this tormenting disease.   It  fre-
quently commences on  the bone,  immediately under its
investing membrane,

                     TREATMENT."

   In  the forming stage, hold  tlie  finger in ley foment,
steam and poultice, with the alkaline poultice.   If sup-
puration takes place, treat as a common ulcer.
               HEMORRHOIDS,  OR TILES,

   Haemorrhoids vary very much in size and form.  Some
a^re hardly larger than a pea, while others exceed a hen's 
32
PROLAPSUS AM.
egg in size.   The symptoms which they occru.'mn maybe
divided into such as occur in accidental piles (which aro
obviously referable to  the  same condition of the body
which produces the tumours.) and such as attend perma-
nent piles (as plainly referable to their bulk and invclmni-
eal inconvenience).   Accidental piles arc frequently at-
tended with a sense of heat and pain at  the txtrcmity of
the rectum and in the loins, headache, and giddiness, fla-
tulence, and  not uncommonly marks of general feverish-
ness, such as  dryness of the mouth and fauces, scanty and
high-colored urine, with a  frequent desire  to  void  the
urine and faeces.  The evacuation by the bowels is pain-
ful,  and  very often occasions the tumours to bleed.   In
many cases they inflame, sometimes without any obvious
cause, but more usually from becoming  strangulated  by
the sphincter ani.   The pain which they then  create is
often extremelv acute.

                      TREATMENT.

   Equal  parts of cream of tartar and sulphur should bo.
 given in the  mornings to keep the bowels open.
   Externally, steam, foment, and poultice, with  the  al-
 kaline poultice.   Apply Marshal's pile liquid by means of
 lint introduced  far up the  bowels.   Sulphur  combined
 with the white ointment is of great importance, also  the
 discutient ointment applied to the tumours.   AVhen used
 warm by a fire, an ointment made of  bitter-sweet, black
 alder, and mullen is very good.   Where the tumours can-
 not be discussed and  protrude,  sometimes it is necessary
 to apply a ligature and cut them off.   Injection of a solu-
 tion of "the suirar of lead is ve.y good ;  but to effect a per-
 manent cure,"the pile tocrhes must be used : they should bo
 lubricated with sweet oil, and two or three introd iced up
 the rectum  a day, if much pain, give Dover's powders.
 Where there is hemorrhage, or bleedh.ig, apply thesliplio
 powder.
                 trolapsus ani.

From habitual costiveness, straining at stool, diarfhses. 
PROCIDENTIA  UTERI.             £3
dysenlary, hemorrhoids, strictures in the urethra, stone in
the bladder, drastic  purgatives, irritation from ascarides,
and various other causes, the lining  membrane of the rec-
tum, immediately above the sphincter, is sometimes in-
verted, and protruded to a greater or less distance beyond
the verge of the anus.  Infants, and very old people, are
most  liable to the complaint;  which, if the tumour be
large,  recent, and accompanied by much inflammation,
may, terminate in gangrene, or give rise  to symptoms of
strangulated hernia.  In  general, however, this result is
not to be apprehended, and  the  disease must  be  consid-
ered as rather inconvenient and troublesome than danger-
ous.  In some cases, there is reason to believe that there
is an infer susceptian of the gut itself, instead of an inver-
sion of its lining membrane.

                     TREATAIEiVf.

  Open ihe bowels  with equal  parts of sulphur and cream
of  tartar", if much inflammation, steam the parts, foment
and poultice, then apply the wfiite and discutient ointment.
A bandage applied, fastened to  another, surrounding the
!»o;iy is very good.   Give  injections of the astringent de-
coction, aisj  wash the parts with if.
          PRO' IUENTIA  UTERI, OR PROLAPSSCS.

   A very slight descent of the womb produces all  the
symptoms of this disease.  Pain  in the back, sides, epi-
gastrium, groins, and hips, terminating in the labia; a
dragging or beiringdown, as  if the womb would fall out;
stranguary, weight about the fundament, with a discharge
of mucus, variable in quantity, from the vagina ; blood,
also, at the monthly period, instead of the menses ;  and
often the stranguary is not constant, the thighs feel numb,
and the patient cannot walk easily:
   The explanation of these symptoms is evident: the ac-
tion of the blood vessels is no doubt increased  by the dis-
placement of the womb, which produces the pain  in ths
back ; the stretching of the ligaments of the womb causes
                       0 
24             MAMMARY  ABSCESS.
the pain in the groins, and the  dragging, bcaiing down
pain arises, from the constant effort in the muscles to pro-
trude the uterus as a foreign body from its place ;  this ex-
tends  to the part adjacent, fundament and bladder, the
neck of which is also pressed upon producing stranguary ;
all these complaints cease on lying down.
  Other symptoms arise of a more general nature ;  the
patient becomes hysterical, or complains of various ills re-
ferred to the  belly arid the breast; colics, indigestion,
wind  in the  bowels;  diminished appetite,;  hiccup;
spasms of the diaphragm ;  and if she is ol a nervous habit,
is subject to the endless variety of affections which char?
actenze this temperament.

                     TREATMENT.

   In the treatment of this disease, the patient should be
con lined to the bed or sofa, bowels occasionally evacuated.
The astringent decociion should be thrown up with a fe-
male syringe, three or four times a day.   Give the restor-
ative cordial to restore the tone of the system.
  If this should not succeed, introduce the spunge or gum
elastic  bag.   The  gum elastic bag, should be filled  full
with fluid or air  and tied tight.   Before it is introduced
let it  be well  lubricated with sweet oil.  It should after
taken out, be washed with soap suds ;  this will usually
cure if worn long enough.  Sometimes it is necessary to
use it six months.
                  MAMMARY  ABSCESS.

   When suppuration forms soon after delivery, it pro-
ceeds from cold or a large acidulation of milk, which
by distending the  breast irritates and gives rise to
inflammation.  It is seldom,  however, that an abscess
forms until  five or  six weeks or even  two or  three
months have elapsed.  A swelling of the breast, accom-
panied  by throbbing and pain, and soon followed  by
eoldness or a severe chill, are the first symptoms.   To
these succeed restles3nesss, thirst and fever.  Soon af-
ter the breast enlarges in  every direction, becomes 
RICKETS.                   25
very tense and so  exceedingly painful that the  patient
Gan scarcely bear the pressure of her own clothes. The
secretion of milk is interrupted altogether, or its ap-
pearance and properties very much altered.  Suppura-
tion i3 generally established in  eight or ten days , but
sometimes the process goes on for several weeks, dur-
ing which intolerable suffering and  distress are expe-
rienced.  The matter is not always collected  in one
cavity, but may be lodged in separate cysts.

                     TREATMENT..

  The first  object should be to  prevent  suppuration.
Purge with the bilious physic ; steam and foment.  Ap-
ply the green oil, and common liniment.   Triturate
camphor in a mortar with a little alcohol, to a teaspoon
full of this,  add a tablespoon full of sweet oil, apply
thio  to  the  breast, in the  meantime warm it  with, a
smoothing iron.  Use the sear  cloth plaster.
  If the swelling does  not subside, and  symptoms of
inflammation  attend,  poultice with the common alka-
line and  yeast poultice.   If ulcers form, treat  them as
common ulcers.   Keep in a tent,—inject the yellow
wash.  Dress with the black salve.
                      RICKETS.

  This is  comparatively a  rare disease ; it rarely oc-
curs before the ninth month or after  the second year.
One of its earliest symptoms, is a peculiar softness or
flaccidity of the flesh.  The body emaciates.; the cheeks
are wan  and  sallow; the  abdomen protuberant; the
stools Ainhealthy in  their aspect;   the  urine  morbid.
The process of ossification is peculiarly imperfect, and
this leads to many of the most characteristic  features
of  the complaint." The head appears large, with re-
spect to  the body, and  the forehead prominent.  As
the disease advances, the bones become  soft, and the
distortions observed,  gradually take place.  This  dis-
ease is seldom fatal. 
26
HYDROCELE.
                    TREATMENT.

  Much  benefit will sometimes  be  derived  from  the
use of ihe alterative and scrofulous syrup in this dis-
ease ; also the restorative cordial.   Externally,  apply
the green  oil, sirenglhening plaster, and  stimulating
liquid.   Exercise  in the open air.   Diet should  be
nourishing.
          HYDROCELE OF  MEN  A?<D CIIILDREN.

   The tunica vaginalis  is naturally bedewed with a thin
serum,  which, by lubricating its surface and that of the
testicle,  enables  them  to move freely  upon each other.
This fluid  when secreted  in  undue quantity, constitutes
hydrocele—a disease of frequent occurrence, and met
with in patients of every age and constitution.  If attend-
ed to in the commencement,  the tumor will  be found  to
occupy  the lower part of the scrotum, and  gradually  to
extend towards the abdominal ring.   In shape it is pyri-
form, and to the touch elastic—feeling like a bladder dis-
tended with water.  When pressed upon, little or no pain
is experienced by the patient, except at the posterior part
of the swelling where the testis is situated.   The ruga of
the scrotum generally remain unaltered, even in hydroceles
of the greatest magnitude, and sometimes the lumor at-
tains an enormous hulk.  In ordinary cases,  however, the
tunica vaginalis seldom contains more than a  pint of fluid.
This fluid in  color is either perfectly limpid,  or else yel-
lowish.   The disease is usually  confined to one side.  It
is sometimes  difficult to distinguish between hydrocele and
other complaints  that bear a resemblance to  it.  Mucli
may be  learnt from the history of the disease.  The hy-
drocele  invariably begins below, and very gradually as-
cends.  The swelling in sarcocele, or scirrhus testicle, is
uniform throughout, is accompanied with pain, is inelas-
tic, and heavier when handled than hydrocele.  When re-
cent,  hydrocele is generally transparent, if examined by
placing  the tumor between  a  lamp  and the  surgeon.
From hernia it differs materially—The one commencing 
HERNIA.
27
above, the other below. In hernia, moreover, an impulse
is communicated to the finger when tlie patient is direct-
ed to cough.   This is not the case with hydrocele.

                      TREATMENT.

  The collection of water in the scrotum  of infants.may
frequently be cured, by steaming, fomenting, and the ap-
plication of the astringent decoction.   Also that of men.
But in-the latter; if this does not succeed, the only reme-
dy is tapping, and after the water is drawn off, inject with
some stimulating liquid, such as a weak  solution  of the
sulphate of zinc, or port wins, this should stay in, about
fife minutes.  Adhesive inflammation  will  take plajje, and
a cure will follow.   Great caution is necessary, that no
fluid gets  in the cellular part of  the scrotum, as  slough-
ing will follow.
  Sometims  a cure is made  by  putting in a seten or tent,
and  producing a discharge.
                       HERNIA.

  A protrusion of any of the abdominal viscera, covered
by the peritoneum, through natural or preternatural »p-
ertures in the tendinous or muscular parietics, may be de-
nominated hernia.  The term has been extended, though
improperly,  to  several other diseases bearing no analogy
to the one under present consideration.
  Hernia is a very  common disease : so much so,  that
one eighth of mankind, it. has been imagined, is troubled
with  it—a  proportion,  however, immensely overrated.
Certain general appellations expressive of the particular
condition or contents of an hernial tumor, are employed
by  most modern surgeons—reducible,  irreducible,  and
strangulated hernia, enterocele, epiplocele,  and sntero-
epiplocele.   By reducible hernia is^ understood a tumor
aasily replaced by pressure or by laying the patient in the
horizontal  position, but descending again as soon as the
pressure is  discontinued, or the upright posture resumed.
   The term irreducible hernia implies permanent protriv- 
28
STRICTURES.
sion from adhesion between the sac and its contents, or
from extraordinary bulk.  Stranguhvcd hernia is that Mate
of ihe d sease in which  the purls are confined  bv  stric-
ture,  and are liable to  mortify, unless the slricturo be
speedily removed.

                      TREATMENT.

  Reduce it,  after this, apply a plaster of the extract of
oak bail;. Then put on a truss.  The strangulated hernia,
must be treated by steaming, fomentations, and the appli-
cation of  the green ointment, and alkaline poultice, until
inflammation is  suppressed, if any ; give injections.   15y
thesejneansthe system will be relaxed, and  inflammation
controlled,  so that  a reduction can  often be produced.
Keep tlie patient in a horizontal position.
             STRICTURES  OF THE  ANUS.

  This disease is a permanent contraction of the sphinc-
ter muscle of (he anus,  by which the passug« becomes
much diminished in size. It is occasioned by inflammation
which gradually subsiding,  leaves the muscle in a tense
irritable state.

                    TREATMENT.

  This  disease may generally  be cured by introducing
candles  of different sizes up,the rectum, made of equal
parts  of Imberry and  beef tallow.  Injections are very
good ; also, the pill troches.
                    OPHTHALMIA.

  The  structure most frequently affected is the con-
junctiva, in function  resembling  a mucous membrane,
though in appearance more nearly allied to those of
the serous class.  The inflammation of this nienbrano
is characterized in mild cases, and where the disease
prises from  common  causes,  by pain, intolerance of 
OPHTHALMIA.
29
li..,:' f  a sensation of sand in the eyp, headache, redness
o  .he eye, ani an increased flow of tears.  The gene-
ral febrile symptoms are slight, or perhaps altogether
wanting.  The disease gradually goes off without leav-
ing any permanent bad effects.
   In the severer forms  of opthalmia, the invasion is
i.ften  sudden,  the progress of the disease rapid, and its
result  disorganization of all or some of  the structures
necessary to  vision.  Besides the symptoms already
enumerated, there ozcjr- in  this form of  ophthalmia
swelling of the eyelids, and secretion of purulent mat-
ter by the inflamed membrane, often in enormous quan-
tity, and from a very early period of the disease.  The
conjunctiva quickly loses i?.ll traces of transparency, and
exhibits instead, a mass of spongy red granulations, in
which the transparent cornea may sometimes be  ob-
served as at the bottom of a well.  This inflammatory
thickening of the membrane, from tr\« increase of its
vessels, is called chemosis.  The other symptoms are in
a  proportionate degree of violence.  The headache is
excruciating.   The  smallest ray of light gives intense
pain.  The  febrile  symptoms  which accompany this
state of disease run  high, and are for  the most part  ag-
gravated, towards evening.
   This is the disease known by the name of the puru-
lent or Egyptian ophthalmia.   Its further  progress de-
 pends in a great degree upon the measures of treatment
 which may be adopted in its early stage.  If these are
judicious, t}ie symptoms begin  to yield  about the third
 day,  and in  the  course  of some weeks  the  eye is re-
 stored to its natural state.   But if the disease be unu-
 sua'ly violent, or its early stages neglected, disorgani-
 zation of the eye follows to a greater or less extent.
    Sometimes the inflammation spreads to such a de-
 gree, that every part of the ball of the eye becomes in-
 volved in one uniform mass of suppuration,  and  the
 eye-is totally lost.  This, however,  is rare.  The dis-
 organization is generally confined to one or other of its
 different structures.  The  inflammation,  for instance,
 spreads  from the  conjunctiva covering the sclerotic
 coat, to that more delicate part of the membrane which
 extends over the cornea, and the consequence is either
 capacity or thickening of the cornea, occasioning total 
30
TREATMENT.
blindness;—or opon ulcca ion  of the  cornea, a slate
of disease attended with a remarkable degree ofpain;
—or lastly, interstitial ulceration of the cornea.  This
last affection  is, correctly speaking,  ulceration of  the
proper membrane of the cornea,  ihe delicate layer of
conjunctiva which covers  it remaining entire.  This
kind  of  ulcerated cornea occurs  often  in debilitated
states of the system, and is accompanied by a deficiency,
or total absence, of that action  in the vessels which in
necessary to  repair the loss of substance.

                     TREATMENT.

   A great deal has been said respecting the treatment
 of the eye and its diseases, for which there is almost an
 innumerable number of remedies; so much so, that al-
 most  every  pruciiiioner can have  his separate  class.
 In order to subdue the inflammation, which is the cha-
 racteristic of ophthalmia, many practitioners endeavor
 to proceed theoretically, others empirically. Some de-
 plete, others make use. of remaikably stimulating  appli-
 cations,  such  as  the nitrate of silver,  (lunar caustic,)
 sulphate of  zinc, (white vitriol,)  and preparations of
 mercury, while a  third class ; emollients and sudorific*.
   What has been called the general principle of heat-
 ing acute  inflammation of late, has been the  most com-
 mon   practice—the principle of which, is bleeding at
 the arm, opening tlie temporal.aitery, cupping the tem-
 ples, active purging with calomel,  jalap, and other dras-
 tic purgatives, blistering, and nan-eating doses of erne.
 tic tartar.   It would appear almost incredible to  say,
 though a fact, that many patients ly venesection,  had
 lost between GO  and 100 ounces of blood  in a short
 space of time, by the  management of injudicious and
 unskilful practitioners, and ihiis  injuring anil  debili-
 tating the system without  ihe least value,  ir without
 balancing the effects upon  ihe system at large, ng&inst
 ihe importance of the organ.   The injuries of  bleed-
 ing we see  exemplified in many instances  of disease
 and injury.  A | iiiient  laboring under peripneumonia il
 relieved by  exces.-ive bidding, of his attack, and  dier
 a month  afterwards of drop.-y.   A person  thieateiiet 
TREATMENT.                 31
with apoplexy, who, by the advice of his physician, is
cupped, once a month, soon fills a victim to erysipe-
las.
  A practice neaily as common  as the  above is used
in the treatment of the inflammation of the eye, which
above all, with regard to the application  of remedies to
an inflamed organ, is the most absurd.  It  consists in
irritating the delicate membranes of the eye, by the ap-
plications of stimulating drops and ointments—scarify-
in(T—cutting, and puncturing the  inside of the eye lids
and balls—the direct application  of caustic, blue-stone,
and  other escharotics.   The advantage of mild stimu-
lants are fully admitted, at a proper season, but during
the presence of active inflammation their use is as re-
volting to common  sense as is injurious.  We are sa-
tisfied  that many eyes have been thus destroyed.
  An anomalous species of ophthalmii, or a pseudo-oph-
thalmia,  is produced by it, which differs as much from
the rt*al character of ihe disease, in either of  its forms,
and  may be as readily distinguished from it, as an arti-
ficial from a real flower.
  But it  is useless to preach of the merits or demerits
of practice.  It is a true saying among the virtuous,
" that examples were better than precepts :" with great
propriety it can be applied in the practice of  medicine.
The object of this work has been to treat of the Reform-
ed Practice, as so called, which in this disease, a con-
siderable part of which, we must say, is reform indeed,
or altogether different  from what is generally pixsued.
Its origin was  principally with Dr. Beach, wh« by  the
almost general  success with the vast numbf of cases
which he has treated, has gained a reputation hardly
equalled  in the treatment  of inflammat^n of the eye,
the  subduing of which is the great object of  all practi-
tioners, before disorganization is  produced.
   If there is great pain  in the head,  to  which there is
often a great  determination  of 6lood, steam it by di-
recting the steam of a hot deration of hops and worm-
wood or  of the common fomentation to the eyes and
forehead, after being covered by a woolen blanket; let
the feet and legs be placed in warm water or weak ley
__endeavor to equalise the circulation as much as pos-
sible by determining to the surface with sudorific**  -*- 
32
TREATMENT.
casionly the  sudorific  tincture,  wiih  warm water, cat-
nip, or  peppermint  tea  may be  given.  At night let
there  be a p  ultice applied, made of the fine pulverized
and bolted slippery elm bark, directly to the eye, or
over a thin piece of muslin.  This cataplasm will often
be  varied, according to  the symptoms; it should al-
ways be mule moist, and sometime before its applica-
tion,  or before morning, it will become extremely dry.
At  times it should be prepared after the common way
in equal parts of miik and water, with a due proportion
of Indian meal, applied warm, at other times cool; some-
times less water and more milk ;  if  the inflammation
should not subside, as fast as would be wished, let it be
changed and prepared in a solution of borax, or what is
called the ophthalmia  wash—the effects of this is often
speedily to give relief.  Through  the day the patient mny
be  directed to wash  often  and freely  with the ophthal-
mia wash—sometimes  three or  four ounces may  be
made use of in a day.   Great objections  have been
made to poultices,  which we thall not  answer  here,
but let it suffice to say, perhaps the wise men did not
know what kind of one to use, or how to apply it. The
baik  of the  slippery elm  seems admirably calculated
for the eye,  on account of the gre.it quantity of muci-
lege  which   it contains.  A mucilege of the bark or
the piih of sassafras may be put into the eye through
the day.
   Purge with the  bilious physic,  as often as once in
two or three days in acute cases ;  sometimes great be-
nefit  is derived from vomiting with the common emetic
of  this work, by relieving the head  and determining to
the surface.   Cups may  be applied to the temples.
   A  discharge may  he produced in some cases on the
back, or inflammation excited there to  act on ihe princi-
ple of a counter irdtant.  This should be  made with the
eauslic of potash,  applied after the flesh is a little moist-
ened  for ths space  of a. minute less or more, until  a por-
tion of flesh an inch in diameter,  becomes dark colored,
ind roughed up.  if much inflammation follows, poultice,
ii «>. jally sloughs in about eight day:, when it discharges
%:., iVc !/, let tl ♦ sore be dressed with the black  salve,
tn .oaiv other, in applying it, it ;j often painful. At timea 
                   STAPHYLOMA.                33

wnen there is much pain in the eyes, fomentations of pop.
pies may be used.
   After the inflammation has subsided, it frequently will
be foutid necessary to cautiously make use of somestim
ulating application, such as the diluted mineral, spiritous,
and  stimulating eye water  (see  phar.).  Bakers'  eye
balsam is used  wiih the best effect.  Let the patient ac-
custom himself to the light, and cool air.  The diet should
be light, and easy of digestion.   Great judgment and dis-
crimination, is necessary  in  using the  above treatment
with success, if judiciously prescribed the patient often
finds himself shortly relieved, with all  his  usual bodily
strength and vigor.
   It may be necessary in some cases to make use of an
alterative course of' treatment, for this purpose, give the
alterative syiup ;  also, cup the temples.

       TREATMENT OF OPACITY OF THE CORNEA.

   If much inflammation, treat it as in opthalmia. If not,
or when it subsides, apply the  mineral eye water.  In this
disease, the white ointment is used with success, applied
by means of a camels hair pencil, twice a day, the size of
a grain of wheat.   The applications must be stimulating
in this disease.  In order to remove the defect, a solution
of the vegetable caustic may  be applied ; also, the stimu-
lating  eye water.

                    STAPHYLOMA.

   Pustular ophthalmia, as this is called, sometimes spreads
to the  deep-seated membranes.  The iris in particular is
freq uenlly so affected, antl the consequences are various.
Lymph or pus may be effused into ihe anterior chamber
of the eye.   If pus is effused to any  extent, the cornea
is pushed forward,  presenting the  appearance called hy-
popion, or poached eye; or it may be ruptured and the
iris protruded, constituting that  painful and nearly incu-
rable condition called staphyloma.             i

                     TREATMENT.

   To  the protruded part,  apply  a solution of the vegeta- 
84
AMAUROSIS.
ble caustic,  or the mineral eye water, if this should fail,
the caustic of potash may be  u^ed, in preference to the
knife.   If much inflammation is produced, apply poulti-
ces.

         AMAUROSIS,  OR PALSY OP TUV.  SIGHT.

   This disease is sometimes attended with t  gradual loss
of sight, dilatation or excessive contraction of the pupil:
in the latter case it is preceded by severe pains ; some-
times moles and small bodies are seen floating in the air,
or there is a mist, or a net-work  like black lace before
the eye.
   The remote causes of amaurosis arc strong passions ;
as, terror, anger, exposure to intense  light or heat: a
stroke of lightning, inflammation of the eye,  tumors press-
ing on the optic nerve ; apoplexy,  scrofula,  epilepsy, or
lues venerea; severe  exercise, contusions,  immoderate
venery, drunkenness, irregularity of the digestive organs,
suppressed hemorrhages, eruptions, and old sores, fevers,
and poisonous cosmetics.  In some cases the predisposi-
tion has been hereditary.

                      TREATMENT.

   In the treatment of amaurosis there should be recom-
 mended, the employment in the first instance, of such
 medicines as are calculated to regulate the functions of
 the digestive  organs,  and  subsequently,  such  general
 tonics as the patient can bear. The exhibition of emetics
 and purgatives, has been found to be exceedingly useful.
 The common emetic  powder may be  given as often as
 once  or  twice a week, 1cr a short time, purge with the
 bilious physic and dyspeptic pills.  The pills should be
 given at night.  Often the pills may be taken on the same
 day with the emetic, after the stomach has been complete-
 ly evacuated.                                     . .
    The application of stimulating  remedies and electricity
 is sometimes of the greatest benefit.   These plans are to
 be  assisted at the same time, by producing a discharge
 on the back of the neck, or the application of an issue to
 the nape.  Poullico if it excites much  inflammation* let 
TORTICOLLIS.                 35
The discharge be produced by the application of caustic.
The stomach must be invigorated by nourishing and light
die!,  exercise in the open air,  with the moderate use of
wine, restorative cordial, wine bitters, and capsicum pill.
   An infusion of the Skull cap may be exhibited, in the
mean time,  sinapisms to the feet and legs.  Reproduce
any habitual discharge or cutaneous disorder.
             TORTICOLLIS, OR WRY KECK.

   From exposure to cold, from rheumatism, twists of the
neck,  or strains  of the platysma myoides,  and sterno-
mastoid muscles, from the cicatrices of burns, &c. the
head is sometimes drawn  to  one side, or  towards the
shoulder or sternum, in  such a way as to produce great
deformity.   Occasionally, the disease arises from para-
lysis ;  in other instances,  it proceeds  from  some defect
or malformation of the vertebra? of the neck.   The clavi-
cular  is oftener affected than the sternal portion of the
eterno-mastoid muscle ; each, however,  is liable to be con-
verted  into a substance resembling gristle. The whole of
the muscle, also,  is shortened, has an indurated, stringy,
feel, and is painful to the touch.  Great pain  is frequently
experienced upon attempting forcibly to restore the head
to its natural position.

                     TREATMENT.

   Endeavour to relax the  muscles,  by  the application of
poultices, ointments, oils, &c.  Much relief may be given
sometimes by the application of caustic, and putting in a
tent.
                     CARBUNCLE.

  This disease  resembles a bile, in some respects ; it
differs from it however, in having no central core, and in
terminating by slough instead of suppuration.  A car-
buncle is a deep seated, circumscribed, hard and vary,
                         10* 
*6
HERPES.
painful  swelling, of a livid hue,  attended with excessive
nettling, and  burning  heat.   Symptoms of common in-
flammation  sometimes attend the commencement of the
complaint;  but these are soon superceded by vesications,
containing an acrid  sanious fluid, which is discharged from
nilmberless  pores, occupying every part of the surface of
tha tumour, and  communicating with cellular  cavities in
a mortified  slate.  Constitutional symptoms  sometimes
attend fiorti the  commencement.   There is nausea, loss
of appetite, fever, great prostration of strength, want of
sleep, to such an extent in some instances to destroy the
patient ; but most persons recover from the  attack,  after
having suffered immensely.

                     TREATMENT.

   The treatment of this disease, is much the same as all
cthnr sores, apply poultices, fomentations and washes.
The flaxseed poultice is very good.
                       nERPES.

   The term herpes, is appropriated to vessicular disease,
preceded by febrile languor, and other marks of constitu-
tional disturbance.  The vesicles pass through a regular
eourse of increase, maturation  and decline, terminating
in most cases, in about a fortnight or three weeks.  Her-
petic vesicles are distinguished in their running  in distinct
but irregular clusters, appearing in quick succession, but
aet near  together upon an inflamed base, which extends
rorae way beyond the margin of each cluster.  The most
frequent form of this disease, is that which is called tha
ahingles.  Very little  is known  regarding its causes.

                     TREATMENT.

   fn the treatment of this disease, apply  the following
applications, one after the other, until the disease is cured.
4. The ahite ointment.  2. Sulphur ointment.   3. A
wlftt''  W^v by dissolving 2 or 3 grains of the muriate of
■lMeurT  'jS^'cotol'   4» Blood  root  and vinegar,   a. 
HYDROPHOBIA.
87
Tincture of lobelia.   6, Solution of alum.  7. Tetter
ointment.   8.  Leaden plaster.   If  much  inflammation,
poultice.  In the mean time purge and give the alterative
and scrofulous syrup.
                   HYDROPHOBIA.

   This disease is considered by all pathologists as the
 consequence of a morbid poison, introduced  into the
 6ystem by the bite of a rabid animal.
   For two or three days previous to  the coming on of
 the more unequivocal symptoms of the disease, the pa-
 tient often complains  of  chilliness, some degree  of
 headache, languor  and lassitude, low spirits,  and rest-
 lessness.   Frequently also  a  sense  of  coldness and
 numbness is experienced in the bitten part, occasional-
 ly amounting to actual  pain.  This, in some instances,
 extends up the limb, and it has  been observed  to follow
 the course of the nerves rather than that of the ab-
sorbents.  The freedom of  the lymphatic glands from
 disease, indeed, has often been  noticed, and adduced as
 on argument that  the disorder does not depend on  the
 absorption of any virus.
   The second or confirmed stage of hydrophobia com-
 mences with that symptom which gives name to the dis*
 ease—the horror of liquids.  The distressing  sense of
 suffocation, and the violent  spasmodic agitation of  the
 whole body,  brought on by the sight of liquids, or the
 attempt to drink, is unquestionably the most remarka-
 ble symptom of the disorder.  By degrees the disposi-
 tion to spasm  increases so much upon the patient, that
 not merely the sight of water, but the least exertion of
 speaking or moving, the slightest noise, or the  entrance
 of a stranger into the room, brings it on.   Extreme ir-
 ritability and sensibility of the whole frame are  apparent
 indeed in every action of the pitient, and constitute the
 unvarying feature of the complaint.

                     TJtEATKENT

   If too patbnt hci been bit  by a mad  dc^, lot him 
33
TETANUS.
drink freely  of a tea made of fkul!-cap—apjly cupi
to the wound—make a discharge by the application of
causlic where the bite was made, keep it up for  weeks.
If syrnptnits  of nindm ss should come  on, give injec-
tions containing large quantities ol laudanum.
                     TETANUS.

  The approaches of this disorder are commonly gra-
dual, and  it slowly advances to its worst stage.  One
of the first symptoms of incipient trtinus is a sensation
of stiffness about the iierk, which increasing by degrees
renders all motion  of the head  painful  and difficult.
The patient now experiences an uneasiness about the
root of the tongue,  which sum passes into difficult de-
glutition.  The aversion  to swallowing in this disease is
often so great, that the patient refuses all nourishment,
and the administration of remedies is rendered equally
hopeless.   The temporal and masseter muscles are  at
the same time affected, and the lower jaw being thereby^
firmly closed, the state of trismus becomes  fully deve-
loped.  In slight cases,  the affection does not advance
further ; but  this can rarely be anticipated.   The teta-
nic disposition once formed, proceeds, with but few ex-
ception-,  to  exhibit its deeper  and more  formidable
shades of character.
  One of the most constant and remarkable symptom*
of  confirmed tetanus, is a revere pain, referred to the
bottom of the sternum, and darting from this pointback*
wards to the spine, evidently in  the  direction of the
diaphragm.  This constrictive pain is the precursor of
more violent spasms of all the muscles of the neck and
trunk.  As these increase in  force, the body is raised
in the form of a bow; and thus it remains until the dis-
ease has  reached its  acme, when the flexors act  so
powerfully as to counterbalance the extensors, and te
retain the body in a straight and immoveable position.
   In this extreme period of the disorder, every muscle
of  voluntary motion becomes affected.  The eyes  ar«
fixed  in their sockets ;  the forehead  is drawn into fur-
row* ; the whole countenance undergoes the moat  ex- 
TREATMENT.                 39
  traordinnry change.   The  muscles b.ith of the upper
  and lo\Ccr extremities  partake  of the general  spasm
  and stiffness.  Those of the abdomen are strongly con-
  tracted, and the belly feels hard and tens* as a board.
  At length a violent convulsion puts an end to ths life and
  sufferings of the patient.  These sufferings' a re usually
  greater than it is-possible for words to express.  Their
  continuance, even during  the ordinary period  of the
  disease,  would hardly be compatible with life, but  for
  the occasional remissions, which, in  common  with the
  spasms, they undergo.  The muscular relaxation, how-
  ever, is trifling, and the intervals of ease but momenta-
  ry.   The recurrence of aggravated spasm frequently
  happens without any  assignable  cause.   Sometimes it
  is determined by the  efforts of the patient  to swallow,
  speak, or change his posture.
    When the spasms  are general and violent, the pulse
,_ is contracted, hurried and irregular.  The respiration,
  too, is similarly affected ; but, during a remission, both
  usually return to their ordinary state; and  feverish
  symptoms are rarely  met with, even in idiopathic teta-
  nus.   The same remarkable freedom from disease cha-
  racterizes the abdominal functions.  The appetite not
  unfrequently remains  good throughout the whols course
  of the disorder.  The tongue is always moist, and the
  skin natural in an early period  of the disease.  As it
  advances,  however,  a cold sweat covers the  surface ;
  and there supervenes obstinate constipation of the bow-
  els, requiring the most drastic purgatives.  The mental
  faculties are sometimes preserved entire even to the
  last.   Delirium frequently comes on in other cases.

                      TREATMENT.

    Promote  perspiration by the  warm bath  and steam
  bath.  Give freely of the  tincture of  Lobelia and ca-
  pricum.  If the disease has been brought on by a wound,
  make it discharge freely, by applying the caustic of pot-
  tash or the  vegetable  caustic.  Put the wound in ley.
  Give antispasmodic injections.    This treatment has
  cured many. 
40
HALT RIIEUftf.
                    SARCOCBLK.

 This is a di-ease of the body of the testicle, anil as tha
term implies, consists in general, in such nn alteiation
made in ihe structure of it, as produces a resemblance
to a hard fleshy substance, instead  of that  firm,  soft
vascular texture, of wlii h it i--, in a natural and healthy
state, coinuosed.  Every species of  sarcocele consists
principally in an enlargement,  induration, and obstruc-
tion of the vascular part of the testicle, but  this altera-
tion is atlendi d  with a variety of  circumstances, and
has been the means of many distinctions.

                     TREATMENT.

   If much inflammation, steam the testicle or scrotum
over  a decoction  of  ihe  common  fomentation often,
then apply poultice, discutient, stramonium,  nnd white
oinlment; also the sear-cloth  piaster; sometimes cup
the parts.   In  the meantime let the patient lake freely
of the alterative syrup.   They are often very obstinate
and take  a lung lime to suppress the enlargement.  If
suppurnlion should take place, and ulcers form,  treat
as sinus ulcers;  inject the blick and yellow wash. Let
the testicle  be  suspended  in a  bag—continue the pouL
tices.
                   SALT KIIEUM.

  This disease is known to almost every one. It some-
times affl els most in the winter lime, then again in the
summer. The skin is rough, dry, and sometimes crack-
ed, attended with intense itching.

                    TREATMENT.

  Wash  altogether wiih spirits ; apply freely a tinc-
ture of black ash la k—this will  generally cure.   If it
should fail,  apply  ihe  while, discutient, ani yellow
dock ointment.  Take freely of the alterative and scro-
fulous syrup,  Occasionnlly  purge.   Ditt,  vegetable
and light.  The tetter ointment is good. 
STRICTURE.
41
            STRICTURE OF THE URETHRA.

  This is a very common complaint ;  more common, in-
deed, than is generally imagined.  It may pioceed from
various causes—from gonorrhoea, or the remedies employ-
ed in  the cure of that disease ; from  external violence ;
from  irritation  within the uietlira produced by the pass-
age of calculi,  or the application of blisters to the peri-
naeum or other  parts of the'body ;  from excessive indul-
gence in venery,  or unnatural prolongation of the vene-
real act ; from  enlargement of the prostrate gland ; from
stone  in the bladder,  fcc.   It  is somewhat remarkable,
however,  that  the disease seldom makes its appearance
until years have elapsed, and the effect of the causes above
enumerated has appeared to cease.
  The symptoms of stricture of the urethra, are constitu-
tional and local.  Among the former may be enumerated
disorder of the  digestive  functions, general irritability of
the system, various mental emotions, severe chills, fol-
lo.ved by high fever and profuse perspiration. All patients
however, are not subject to the febrile paroxysm.   The
most  common local symptoms are,  a slight discharge of
matter from the urethra; a frequent desire to evacuate the
urine, which issues in drops,  or in a forked, twisted, wiry,
or thread-like stream ;  nocturnal emissions ;  scalding of
the urine ; uneasiness about tbe  anus and  perinaeum.
Persons  troubled with strictures, are exremely  liable to
cold,  which greatly aggravates the symptoms.  Excess in
eating or drinking will produce the same result.  During
copulation, it frequently happens that a stricture,  by inter-
rupting the flow of semen, occasions  it to be forced back-
wards into the  bladder, from which  it is afterwards  dis-
charged the first time the patient makes water.

                    TREATMENT.

   In  strictures of the  urethra, previous  to entering the
bougee or catheter, endeavour to suppress  inflammation,
and relax the parts by fomentations, warm baths, and poul-
tices.  Then let the bougee  he  dipped in sweet oil,  and
introduced into the bladder.   Sometimes it is necessary to
try a  great many  times before it can be got past the stric* 
42
COXALGIA.
ture, too much force should not be upcd, for fear of lacer-
ating tl e parts,  puss  gently  on  the  stricture with the
bougee for  seme time,  and  then withdraw.   When tha
passage is open for ihe water, give frtely of diuretics,
such as mint tea, and sweet spirits  of nitre, parsely tea,
(fcc
              C0XALO4A,  OR IIIP DISEASE.

   Persons of all ages are liable to this disease, which is
exceedingly  common, especially among weak and scro-
fulous  children.   '1 he symptoms in the commencement
are not always strongly marked.  Often the first evidenco
the surgeon has is a slight pain in the knee, and a percep-
tible emaciation of the whole limb.   In a short time pain
is felt about the trochanter and groin, to relieve which the
patient supports his  whole weight upon the sound thigh
and leg ;  hence the diseased limb is commonly  directed
forward and bent at  the knee, and appears considerably
elongated.   This apparent increase of length is altogether
owing to an inclination of the pelvis-and a corresponding
change in the vrelebra?.   Many children suffer compara-
tively little for months together, whilst others are scarcely
free from pain about the hip or knee  during  the  whole
course of the disease.   In a few instances anchylosis is
established, and a  cure effected without, as far as can he
observed, the formation  of pus; generally, however,this
fluid becomes manifest after the complaint has made some
progress, and is  sometimes secreted so copiously as  to
surround the head  and upper extremity of the thigh bone,
formino- a large abscess, which  may remain stationary for
months, and at last discharge itself by  one or more open-
ings about the hip and groin.   In the mean time the
acetabulum  and head of  the femur undergo important
changes.   Their cartilaginous coverings are first destroy-
ed by ulceration, then the bones are rendered carious and
crumble aawy, the head of the thigh bone is  partially or
entirely destroyed, and  being removed from the socket,
the shaft is drawn upwards by the action of the muscles,
and the limb shortened by several inches.  During these 
TREATMENT.
43
different changes the constitution is gradually undermi-
ned by hectic, and dies.

                     TREATMENT.

   This formidable and very distressing disease, may often
be cured  by a well  directed  and persevering course of
treatment.  The patient must be made aware of the na-
ture of the case, and the impossibility of cure, and even
sometimes any material amendment, in months and some-
times years, in order to secure confidence, and that  he
may wait patiently the  operation  of nature, assisted  by
proper medicine.
   The treatment will be governed much by a consideration
of the treatment of many of  the preceding diseases.  In
many cases the practitioner will find it n^essary to make
use of the antiflogistic  cource of treatment, whereas in
others, the reverse, or support the constitution by  the ex-
hibition of-tonics, cordials, an^ stimulents.   One  promi-
nent principle in the constitutional treatment, is the admin -
istration  of such remedies, as will alter the  state  of the
circulating fluids, or counteract that morbid action which
exists in the whole system.   To fulfil this indication, the
bowels should occasionally be evacuated, and the  scrofu-
lous and alterative syrup freely  taken.   Diet should be
light, nourishing, and easy of digestion.
   The local treatment  will  be  similar  to  sinus  ulcers.
The  hip  should  be  steamed over a decoction  of bitter
herbs occasionally, and poulticed ;  one of the best poul-
tices will be that made of the pulverized  bayberry bark ;
though most of the  poultices recommended in this work
may be used.   A decoction  of  the  bayberry, should be
syringed into the ulcers, once or twice a day, also a solu-
tion  of the vegetable caustic,  mineral caustic, yellow and
black wash, fee.  A tent should be kept in, to prevent
the external orifice from closing.  Apply the discutient,
green, bittersweet,  and white ointment, about the parts,
hip, and thigh, dress with the black salve.  The treatment
should be varied according to circumstances, it often pro-
duces too much fatigue, to  probe  and syringe the ulcers
of young children, hence it will be  avoided, and more de-
pendence  put  on constitutional remedies.   If the leg
                       11 
44
FRACTURES.
_ should swell much", or there is an effusion of water in the
  celullar membrane, apply a bandage.
    We would further observe, that  previous to suppura-
  tion, or ulceration, where there are symptoms  of the dis-
  ease, the most prompt  measures should  be taken to sup-
  press a further developement, by fomenting the hip, steam-
  ing the parts over bitter herbs, poulticing and applying the
  stimulating liquid, and  all the different kinds of ointment,
  recommended in similar cases.
                     FRACTURES.

  Fractures bave  been divided into different species—
according to the «xtent of the injury, and the particular
direction in which  U,* fibres of the bone happen to yield.
Thus, we have a simple, compound and complicated frac-
ture ; and again, a transverse, oblique, comminutive, and
longitudinal fracture.   By the \erin simple fracture, is un-
derstood a mere separation of bor>y fibres, unattended by
severe  contusion or external wound.  From this a com-
pound fracture differs, in  being conjoined with an exter-
nal wound, or with a protruded  bone.  A complicated
fracture implies that the bone  is broken at more than one
place,  or is combined with luxation, with  laceration of
one or  more large vessels, or ruptnre of ligaments, ten-
dons, &c, or with a gun-shot wound. A fracture is said
to  be transverse, when its direction is perpendicular to
the axis of the bone.  It is denominated oblique, when
it deviates from the perpendicular direction.   In commi-
nutive fracture, the bone is broken into several pieces or
crushed into  fragments.   A  longitudinal fracture runs
parallel with the axis of the bone.
   The  signs of fracture are not always very decisive.  In
genera], however, crepitation, or that particular noise or
sensation, produced by rubbing  together the  fragments
of a broken bone, is more to be relied on than any other,
and is an almost certain  indication  of fracture.  Added
to this, there is usually more or less deformity, pain swell-
ing, inability to use  or move the limb.   But these symp-
toms may attend luxation and  other diseases, and are 
TREATMENT.
45
 therefore, not unequivocal proofs of fracture.  Besides,
 it is possible for a patient actually to labor under a frac-
 ture of one or more bones, and yet, from interlocking of
 the fragments,  or from a sound bone serving as a splint
 and  supporting the broken one, no distortion  will be per-
 ceived.   Many  instances are related of patients walking
 about, under these circumstances, for some time after the
 accident.

                     TREATMENT.

   The  general indication in the treatment of fractures
 are, to prevent or subdue inflammation, and coaptate and
 retain the fragments in contact by appropriate means, un-
 til they  are  restored to their pristine condition, through
 the medium of rollers.   The former are best accomplish-
 ed by the antiflogistic system, position,  and the applica-
 tion of warm  fomentation, stimulating liquid and steam
 —the latter by extension, counter-extension, splints, ban-
 dages and other apparatus.  By extension is  understood
 a force  applied  to the lower  fragment, sufficient to re-
 move it from the superior fragment; by counter-extension
 a power calculated to resist the operations of extension.
 This should be made gently and gradually. After the de-
 rangement has  been  properly regulated, the limb should
 be neatly encircled with a bandage, then as many suitable
 splints applied, as circumstances  may require,  these to
 be fastened with a bandage.
   In fractures  of the femor, or thigh bone,  the patient
 is put to much useless  inconvenience by the  common
 mode of treatment.  We usually apply  an apparatus by
 which the patient is  made very comfortable even in the
 first stages of his complaint. This consists of two splints,
 the one carved so as to  fit the thigh, the other the leg,
 these are to be fastened by a hinge at the knee, so that
 the leg can be bent at any angle, Ihe angle is secured by
 means of a brace extending from  one splint to the other.
 When this is properly applied, and the thigh  sufficiently
 secured in it, the patient is enabled to  place his leg in
 almost any  position,  without the least  inconvenience.
 In compound  fractures,  or other species, when the in-
teguments are lacerated,  the lacerated parts should be so 
46                 TREATMENT.

exposed, so as to be dressed daily, without removing that,
which  is necessary to keep the limb  in its proper place.
If much  inflammation  should take place, poultice, fo-
ment, and apply the stimulating liquid. 
PHARMACY,
                         OR

                  RECIPES.

                       —♦—

                     LIQUIDS.
                 Anti-Pyrosis Liquid.
   Take of elixer salutas half a drachm, tincture balsam
 tolue one ounce—mix.  This is used for water brash,
 or pyrosis.   Dose, tablespoon full, at night.

              RHEUMATIC LIQUID.
   Take of white turpentine four ounces, inspissated
 juice of poke berries (called  gargot)  four ounces, wine
 three  gallons—digest for  two days—filter and bottle.
 Used for chronic rheumatism. Dose, half a wine glass,-
 three times a day.

            MARSHAL'S  PILE LIQUID.
   Take of spearmint, bruised, any quantity, or enough
 to saturate a given quantity of alcohol—digest for se-
 veral  days.  Applied externally for piles, internally
 for gravel,  stranguary, or any suppression  of urine.
 Dose, a tablespoon full.

             STIMULATING LIQUID.
  Take of Cayenne pepper  two ounces, alcohol two
 quarts—digest for four days.  Used  externally for
 palsy, rheumatism, sprains,  swellings, injuries, cholic,
 cholera morbus, spasms, and pains about the breast.

                 TINCTURES.
  Tinctures  are prepared  by digesting different sub"
stances in spirits, reduced to a coarse powder, at a tern
                       11* 
48
PHARMACY.
perature not exceeding 90 degrees.  They are lo be
kept macerating  in close vessels for several days, and
during- this time to be frequently agitated.   They then
should be filtered and kept in close stopped bottles.

           HYDRAGOGUE TINCTURE.
  Take of bark  of the white elder one pound, spirits
one gallon—infuse four hours—filter and  bottle. Dose,
a wineglass full three  or  four times a day.  Used in
drops'y.

            BOTANICAL TINCTURE.
  Take of nitre one ounce, gum  guaicum one ounce?
antimony half an  ounce, balsam  tolue two  ouncesi
camphor two drachms, spirits two  quarts—digest  for
three days, and filter.  Dose, from one to six teaspoons
full.  Used in dropsy.

            TINCTURE OF LOBELIA.
  Take of pulverized lobelia two ounces, proof spirits
two  quarts—digest ten days.  Dose, from one to six
teaspoons full.   Used in asthma, convulsions, hysteria,
coughs, cramps, and in almost, any case where an eme-
tic is indicated.

              TINCTURE OF HOPS.
  Take of the pollen or the flower that is on the blow
of the common hops, sufficient quantity to saturate two
pints of alcohol—digest ten days, and filter. Dose, one
or two teaspoons full in milk, every hour.  Used as an
anodyne in many cases, where preparations of opium
disagree  with the stomach,  for  pains and to  produce
sleep.

        TINCTURE OF BALSAM TOLUE.
  Take of balsam tolue one ounce, alcohol one pint—
digest until all is dissolved.

              TINCTURE MYRRH.
  Take of gum myrrh three ounces, alcohol one pint— 
PHARMACY.
49
digest for eight days.  Equal parts of this and the fol-
lowing is given for obtruded menstruation, in doses of
a teaspoon full three or four times a day.

             TINCTURE  CASTOR.
  Take of castor two ounces, alcohol one quart—di-
gest for ten days, and filter.

          TINCTURE CANTHARIDES.
  Take of Spanish flies, powdered, three drachms, al-
cohol two pints—digest for ten days, and filter.  Dose,
from fifteen to twenty drops, in sugar or water.

VEGETABLE TINCTURE,  OR ELIXIR  SALUTAS.
  Take  of senna, powdered,  two ounces, jallap one
ounce, fennel seeds, bruised, half an ounce, diluted al-
cohol two quarts—digest eight days.  Dose, one table-
spoon full.      *'

      TINCTURE OF OPIUM—LAUDANUM.
  Take  of opium, in powder, two ounces, diluted alco-
hol one quart—digest for  ten days, and filter.  Dose,
from fifteen to forty drops, for an adult.

  CAMPHORATED  TINCTURE OF  OPIUM, OR
                  PAREGORIC.
  Take  of opium, benzoic  acid,  each, one  drachm,
camphor two   scruples,  aniseed  powdered,  two
drachms, diluted alcohol two pints—digest for  ten days,
and filter.  Dose, from five drops to twenty, for child-
ren ; to adults, from twenty to a hundred drops.

  TINCTURE OF STRAMONIUM—STINK  WEED.
  Take  of the seeds of the stink weed, powdered, two
ounces,  alcohol one quart—digest leu days, and filter.
Dose, from fifteen to  twenty drops, for adults.  Used
for pains in the stomach, fits, and headache.

          EXPECTORANT TINCTURE.

  Take of lobelia seeds bruised, half an ounce, wine, 
50
PHARMACY.
 or melheglin, one quart—digest fen days, and filter.
 Dose, from a tablespoon full to  half a wineglass full,
 three or four times a day.  Give in coughs.

         TINCTURE 1CTODES FOZTIDUS.
   Take of the root of the skunk cabbage, bruised, three
 ounces, spirits  one quart—digest,  and filter.   Dose,
 from a teaspoon full to a tablespoon full.  Used in ner-
 vous diseases.   It is a powerful  anti-spasmodic ; it is
 exhibited with benefit in  asthma;  hysteria, and spasms.

               GOLDEN TINCTURE.
   Take of prickly ash bark in powder,  black hellebore
 root bruised, of each, four ounces ; alcohol  three quarts
—digest, and filter.  Dose, from  a tablespoon full to a
 wineglass full,  three or four times a day.

               COIIUSH TINCTURE.
   Take of black  cohush mot, bruised,  three quarts,
 spirits  one quart—digest six days, and  filter.  Dose,
 from a  tablespoon full to a wineglass full, three or four
 times a day.

             TINCTURE DIGITALIS.
   Take of fox glove, powdered, two ounces, proof spi-
sits one quart—digest ten days, and filter.  Dose, from
fifteen to twenty drops, three or four times a day.

    SUDORIFIC TINCTURE,  OR RED DROPS.
   Take of ipecacuanha,  in powder, saffron, camphor,
Virginia snake root, opium, of each, twp ounces;  gin,
or brandy, three quarts—digest for ten days, and filter.
Dose, a teaspoon  full, to  an adult, according to symp-
toms, sometimes as often as once in half an hour.   i'.
will  be  seen by the foregoing pages that this prepara-
tion is much used in practice.  It is admirably  calcu-
lated  to relieve many diseases,  in  combination with
warm diluents, depending on an obstructed perspiration,
by its powerful  sudorific  effects.  In deiangement  of
the fuuetions  of the stomach,  arising from the too free 
PHARMACY.
SI
use of cold water in warm weather, rheumatism, coughs,
cholic, cramps, and pains in the stomach, it is exhibit-
ed with great benefit.  It  produces nausea and vomit-
ing with some.

        WINE TINCTURE, OR BITTERS.
  Take of peruvian bark, two ounces—wild cherry tree
bark, in powder, one ounce—cinnamon, cloves, nutmegs,
of each bruised one drachm—sulphur, one ounce—wine,
two quarts.   Digest  several  days—dose, wine  glass—
used for intermittents and remittents, and other diseases
where there is need of tonics.

                     PILLS.

  Pills are made of substances, reduced to powder, and
formed into a soft mass by mixing them with syrup, mu-
cilage, conserve, or soft extract.

                 NERVOUS PILL.
  Take of assafaotida, opium, of each in powder2, equal
parts,  one ounce, dissolved in an earthen vessel over a fire,
add one ounce volatile ammonia.   Form a mass, divide
into pills as large  as  peas—dose, one or two—usedTor
hysteria.

                 CICUTA PILLS.
  Take of pulverized cicuta leaves, twelve grains—tur-
pentine, two  scruples—form a mass, divide  into twelve
pills—dose from one to three, twice a day—used in can-
cers, and painful ulcers.

              HYDRAGOGUE  PILLS:
  Take of jalap, gamboge, and scammony, in powder, of
each,  one scruple—form a  mass  with mucilage of gum
arabic,  and divide into sixteen pills—dose one  or  two
hourly, until they operate freely.  Used for dropsy.


      STIMULATING  OR  CAPSICUM PILL.
  Take of cansicum (cavenne pepper) one ounce, in 
52
PHARMACY
powder—form a mass with mucilage of gum arabic—-di-
vide into pills—dose from one to three.


                 BILIOUS PILLS.
  Take of  socotrine  aloes, in powder, castile soap, and
rheubarb, of each one drachm—form a mass—divide into
pills—dose, from two to three.

              DYSPEPTIC PILLS.
  Take of white oxid bismuth, socotrine aloes, extract of
gentian, of each, four ounces—castile soap, colocynth,
gamboge, of each, two ounces—oil ofcloves, two drachms,
all should be finely powdered and ground together—form
a mass with mucilage gum arabic—divide  into pills of
common  size—dose, two  night and  morning; more if
they should not operate.   This is a pill of great efficacy
in many complaints.

                 DYSPEPTIC PILL:
                  Disapproved  of.

   Take of ammoniated  iron, one drachm—extract  of
gentian, half a drachm—form a mass with the mucilago
of gum arabic—divide into pills—dose, from  one to three
night and morning.

                  COUGH PILLS.
   Take of horehound, in  powder,  two ounces—lobelia,
capsicum, thoroughvvort, skunk cabbage, bayberry bark'
valerian,  mandrake, of each in fine powder, oneounce—
opium, three grains, blood root, one ounce—form a mass,
with  honey—divide into  pills—dose, from two to three
Used in coughs.

                 BILIOUS  PHYSIC.
   Take of jalap in powder, one pound—senna powdered,
two pounds—cloves,  three ounces—rub them together to
 a fine powder, and  sift—dose,  a teaspoon full, in two
thirds of a cup full of warm water, sweetened—repeat it 
PHARMACY.
53
  jn three hours, if it should not operate—this is a combina-
  .ion that is much used, as a purgative.

      THOMPSON'S COMPOSITION POWDER.
    Take  of bayberry bark in  powder, two  pounds—the
  inner bark of the common hemlock, one pound—cloves,
  two ounces—capsicum, two ounces—ginger, one pound
  —rub them together to a fine powder—dose a teaspoon
  full in warm  water, sweetened  ; a very warm stimulating
  combination.

        BLACK, OR EMENAGOGUE POWDER.
    Take  of sulphur, gum myrrh, steel dust,  loaf sugar, of
  each, four ounces—wine, one  quart ;  put them all into a
  vessel^ and place it  over a fire,  evaporate to dryness ;  pul-
  verise—dose, of the powder, one teaspoon full, three times
  a day, in any convenient vehicle.   Used  for suppressed
  menstruations.

                  GREEN POWDER.
     Take of eupatorium  (bone set) leaves, in pj'wder, three
  ounces—loaf sugar, one ounce ;  reduce  them to a fine
  powder—dose, a teaspoon full three times a day, in hore-
  hound tea.   Used for coughs, dyspepsia, and consump-
  tions.

                  EMETIC POWDERS.
     Take of ipecacuanha, lobelia  inflata, of each in pow-
  der, four ounces—capsicum, two drachms ;  rub them to-
  gether to a fine powder, sometimes the capsicum is omit-
  ed—dose,  a teaspoon full to an adult, repealed once in
   twenty minutes  or half an  hour, until vomiting is  pro-
   duced ; it may be given in much larger doses, no bad con-
   sequences will follow, as it will generally be vomited up in
   a short time, without producing that disagreeable nausea,
   which succeeds small doses.
     Previous to the exhibition of this, the patient should
-  drink about two thirds of a cup full of eupatorium (bo
   set or thoroughwort)  tea.  The  powder then shouldne-
  laken in warm water, sweetened, if the patient  chooses ; 
54
PHARMACY.
 drink freely of the eupatorium tea, in time of vomiting.
 Used in all cases where vomits are necessary.

            SMITH'S COUGH POWDER.
   Take of elecampane root, liquorice, blood root, crows
 bill, wild  turnip, equal parts  of each  in  powder;  rub
 them together info a fine  powder—dose, a teaspoon full
 three times a day in h,oney.  Used for coughs.

                FEVER POWDERS.
   This is simply the amaranthus in powder.   Make an
 infusion by adding  a spoon  full to a half pint of boiling
 water.  Much  used  in fever, to produce moisture of the
 skin.

           SMITHS COLIC POWDERS.
   Take of Arelepius Tuberosa  in powder  two fable
 spoonfulls, Cognicem one  table spoonfull, to this add
 half pint  water.  Dose the  whole.  Used  in colic.

           ^  f  STIPTIC POWDER.
  Take of Coppfcras any quantity, hold it in a flame fmtil
 it  becomes red or oxidized, pulverize, apply  externally
 for hemorrage.

               CEPHALIC POWDER.
   Take of Blood root in powder, Bayberry bark of each
 equal parts, rub together.  Used for catarrh and Polypus.
 The sub-muriate of mercury may sometimes be added in
 polypus.

                    PLASTER.

   Plasters are  adhesive,  solid, compound substances,
spread upon leather, linen, or  silk.  The consistence of
 which should be such as that  they do not  adhere to the
hand when cold, but should be easily spread when heated,
and should remain soft and tenacious when  they are
 spread. 
                   PHARMACY.                  55

    FERRIS  CANCER  OR BLACK PLASTER.
  To  any quantity  of White oak bark add  a sufficient
quantity of  urine, macerate three days, boil and strain,
evaporate the liquid until  the mass has acquired the con-
sistency of  tar.   About the end of the operation  add a
quantity of  equal parts  of honey and white  turpentine,
sufficient to make it tenacious.  To every ounce of this
add two drachms of white vitrioel.
  This has  been a very celebrated plaster in  the cure of
Cancers and schirrhus tumours, applied, it acts as an esc-
harotic and  gives pain, it should not be kept on too long,
poultice should be applied afterwards.

               CICUTA PLASTER,
  This  may be made  either by adding the   powdered
Heaves of the hemlock  to  white rosin,  or equal parts of
the extract and white rosin mixed.   Used for pains.

           STRENGTHENING PLASTER.
  Take of purified hemlock gum, any quantity.

            SEARCLOTH  PLASTER.
  Take of  rosin two pounds,  beeswax half a pound,
capsicum half a pound, camphor in powder quarter of a
pound, oil of sassafras half an ounce.   Digest the capsi-
cum in spirits, evaporate  the liquid,  add the rosin and
beeswax, melt, when  nearly cold  add the camphor and
oil.  This plaster is somewhat stimulating and found of
great  use in sprains, chronic inflammations, pain in  the
back,  side,  stomach and limbs.

           ANTI-RHEUMATIC PLASTER.
  Take of  tobacco leaves two pounds, urine one gallon,
boil them together  over a gentle fire, strain, evaporate to
a proper consistency, add  white rosin sufficient to make
it tenacious.  Used for rheumatism.

            BLISTERING PLASTER.
   Take of mutton.suet, yellow wax, white.rosin, can-
tharides (Spanish flies) each equal weights.mix  the can-
                       12 
56                  PHARMACY.
tharides reduced to a fine powder, with  the other ingre-
dients,  previously melted  and removed  from ihe lire.
This  formula is well suited to  answer the intention  in
view,  that  of*exciting blistering,  for it  is of a  proper
consistence,  and sufficient degree of tenacity, which aru
here the only requisites.

                ADHESIVE PLASTER.
   Take of black salve and  white rosin equal parts, melt
 them together, and make a plaster.   This  plaster is chief-
 ly used  as an  adhesive for  keeping on other dressings,
 for retaining the edges of rctent wounds together, tVc.

             ASTRINGENT PLASTER.
   Take of the extract of white o;'k bark any quantity.
 This is applied in cases of ruptures and hernias.

     PELEG  WHITE'S CELEBRATED  PLASTER.
    Take white rosin three pounds,  mutton tallow, bees-
 wax, Burgundy pitch, of each lour ounces, British oil,
 cedar  oil,  camphor, of each  a  tablespoon full, Y>'.  1.
 rum one gill.   To the four first  articles melted, add the
 oils, camphor and rum, stir the whole carefully together,
 bo as to form a plaster, pour it into  cold water at different
 times,  work it as wax, form into rolls three inches long.
 This plaster is  applied with great benefit  in almost all
 cases  where strengthening plasters are recommended.  It
 has obtained  a "high reputation within the sphere of ita
  author.  It is somewhat stimulating and  excites conside-
  rable irritation, lul should not be  liken off.
                    SALVIA.
           BLACK  OR HEALING  SALVE-
    Take  of olive  oil  three  quarts,  rosin  three ounces,
' beeswax thre- ounces, red had pulverized two and a half
 pounds, camphor half an ounce.  To lie  oil, rosin  and
 beeswax previously melted, acd the lead by  decrees, care-
 fully stirring the whole over a fire of charcoal for a long 
PHARMACY'.                  57
time, or until of a dirk color, then remove,  contiuue the
stirring until coo!, add the camphor.   Great use is made
of this salve in ulcers, swellings, wounds, burns, scalds, #
scrofula, &.c.

                 GREEN SALVE.
   Take of white rosin and bayberry tallow of each equal
parts, melt them together.  If too hard add sweet oil.

WARD'S CELEBRATED SALVE, OR PASTE FOR
               FISTULA AND PILES.
   Take of black pepper, elecampane root in powder, of
each four ounces, fennel seeds twenty two ounces, honey
and sugar of each a pound.   Melt them together and stir
until cool.  About a  drachm may be applied to the rec-
tum three times a day for pile tumors.
                 .  OINTMENTS.

  Ointments have generally a degree of consistence like
that of butter.  They are prepared from lard ocoil, ren-
dered of the consistence of butter, by the addition of suet
wax or spermaceti, so as to suspend the dry powders and
more  ponderous articles, with which they are frequently
incorporated.  As they are to be applied to the skin they
should be  softer  fluid at the temperature of the  body.
When ointments are prepared  from vegetables we have
found it best, after they are bruised, to let them macerate
in a  sufficient quantity of spirits for  several days.  By
this, qualities are obtained  from many vegetables  which
cannot be by lard or oils.

               WHITE OINTMENT.
  Take"of lard four  pounds, Venice  turpentine half  a
pound, borax two  ounces,  muriate of mercury in fine
powder two  drachms.   To the  two former melted to-
gether add the latter, diligently stirring fc'itil cool.  It
will be seen  by reading the  former pages that this  oint-
ment is used in many eases in  surgery.   It is  of great
use. 
58
PHAKMACY.
           TURPENTINE  OINTMENT.
  Take of lard four  pounds, Venus  turpentine half n
pound—melt together and form an ointment.

           SCROFULOUS  OINTMENT.
  To one part, of equal  parts of the extract of  bitter-
sweet bark, and yellow dock root, add  one part of hog's
lard, then add Venus turpentine, one pound to every ten—
melt all together.   Used for Scrofula.

               GREEN OINTMENT.
  Take of tansy, wormwood, horehound,  catnip, and
hops, of each equal quantities bruised macerate in spirits
several days, add a sufficient  quantity of hog's lard, sim-
mer over a fire, until the leaves are  crisp and dry, strain
through a linen cloth, then add when nearly eold, one
pound of Venus turpentine to every  ten.

            DISCUTIENT  OINTMENT.
  Take of yellow dock root,  stramonium  leaves,  cicuta
leaves, deadly night-shade, bruised,  of  each  equal parts.
This is to be prepared in the same way as the above, in
hogs lard or fresh  butter,  without any addition of  Venus
turpentine.
  The value of this ointment cannot be duly appreciated,
until long used.  We have seen its admirable effects in a
great variety of ulcers, painful swellings, scrofula tumors,
sprains, &c.

             •YELLOW OINTMENT.
  Take of lard, and white ointment, of each one  pound,
sulphur four ounces.   Add the sulphur to  the two formet
softened—Used for the piles, introduced  far up the rec-
tum.

              TETTER  OINTMENT.
  Take of turpentine  and fresh butter,  of each half a
pound, yellow wax,  white lilly root, plantain, each two
ounces, sweet oil, Indian  turnip, each one ounce,  yellow
ochre two drachms—this to be made on the same princi-
ple of the preceding.   Used for the salt rheum, &o. 
                    PHARMACY.                 59

   MUDKINS' PATENT SPECIFIC  OINTMENT.
   Take of linseed oil one  gallon, Red lead two pounds,
spirits of turpentine two ounces, mutton-tallow one oz.
rosin  two  ounces,  buds of the balm  of Gilead two or
three  hands full,  grey powder of mercury one tea spoon
full.   Boil  the oil tvyo or three hours, in an iron kettle
gently stirred, add the lead by small quantities, next the
turpentine, then the powders ; after taken from the fire,
add the tallow, resin, and buds—stir until cool.
   This recipe was obtained  from the author, he recom-
mends it for almost every disease;  we shall not take the
trouble to enumerate them,  but refer the patient to his
advertisements.
    CATAPLASMS OH POULTICES.

  By cataplasms, are in general understood, those exter-
nal applications which are brought to a due consistence
or form  for being properly applied,  by water  or watery
fluids.

          SLIPPERY  ELM  POULTICE.
  This is made  by adding to equal parts of warm milk
and water,  pulverized slippery  ehn  bark,  with  a small
quantity  of  Indian  meal,  until  a mass of proper consis-
tence is formed.   It should be long stirred and  exposed
to a gentle heat.
  As a common  poultice, this is far superior to the bread
and milk, which  will be obvious when used, especially in
cases of ulcers and wounds where emollients are indicat-
ed.

              ALKALINE  POULTICE.
  This is  made as the above, with the exception that weak
ley is used instead of milk and water.
  This poultice  may  be applied  with  great benefit in
white swelling, cynanche  tonsillaris, scrofulous ulcers,
and tumours, broken breasts, &.c.
                           2* 
60                 PHARMACY.
           WILD INDIGO POULTICE
  This is made by forming a mass of proper consistence,
by the addition of pulverized slippery elm bark, to a suffi-
cient quantity of the decoction of wild indigo weed root,
ortheweed and root bruised, may be simmered in milk, to
which the elm may be added, and sometimes a little meal.
This poultice is a very efficacious application, to indolent
and unhealthy phagedenic and gangrenous  ulcers.   As
an external application,  the antisceptic qualities of the
wild indigo ought to be more generally known.  A lini-
ment prepared by simmering the cortical part of the root
in cream, has proved eminently beneficial when applied
to sore nipples and ulcerated breasts.   Botanical name,
sophora tinGtoria.

                YEAST POULTICE.
   Take of milk, one pint; yeast, one gill; mix: expose
to a gentle heat, form a mass by the addition of slippery
elm bark, in powder.   This cataplasm is considered as a
very efficacious application to putrid or putrescent ulcers,
or tumours, gangrene, and mortification.

            WILD  TURNIP POULTICE.
   Wild turnip in powder, with a small addition of elm or
meal, sufficient to form a mass, in milk and water, of any
quantity required.' Used for scrofula.

            WHITE  LILLY POULTICE.
   Simmer the bruised root in milk and water, or cailk
alone, to this add elm or meal.

               CARROT POULTICE.
   Scraped carrots are to be simmered in a decoction of
the spikenard, form a mass by the addition of the bark.

             BAYBERRY POULTICE.
   This  is made with the  pulverized bark of the root of
bayberry, simmered in milk, or heat moderately applied to
it, with sometimes the addition of a little elm bark or in-
 Qian meal. 
                    PHARMACY-                 CI

  Perhaps of all the poultices we make use of in scrofu-
lous complaints, those prepared from  thi3 bark are the
most useful.  Its  effects are decidedly beneficial, and
should be known to every practitioner.
                   DECOCTIONS.

  Decoctions ar-ethe aqueous solution of vegetable mat-
ter obtained by boiling.  They differ*from infusions only
in the application of a  longer continued heat.  At the
same time, however, that  the increase of temperature,
facilitates and expedites the solution of some fixed prin-
ciples, it  gives others a tendency to decomposition, and
dissipates all volatile matters.    Therefore  decoctions
made from vegetables containing large quantities of vola-
tile principles, are  weaker than  infusion. In  preparing
decoctions, they should  be boiled no longer, than is suffi-
cient to dissolve the active  principles of the vegetables,
and should be strained while hot, as during the process
of cooling, these principles are apt lobe precipitated.

            DIURETIC  DECOCTION.
   Take of the root of the queen of the  meadow,  milk-
 weed, bark  of the root of  white elder,  juniper berriesr
 spearmint, wild carrot seeds, horseradish in powder, of
 each, equal parts ; cider in proportion to the quantity of
 water—boil with   a.gentle  heat, and  strain.   Dose, as
 much as the stomach will  bear.  This  is found of emi-
 nent service in dropsy, provokes a free  discharge of
 urine,  and often  cures' the patient  without any other
 medicine.

             RHEUMATIC DECOCTION.
    Take of Virginia snake root  one part, white pine
  bark two parts,  burdock  seeds two parts,  prickly ash
  bark two parts—make a  strong decoction  with water,
  strain.   Dose, from  a  wineglass to halfa pint, or as
  much  as the patient  can bear.  Its name  indicates its
  use.  To promote free  perspiration it  should be exhi-
  bited warn?. 
62
PHARMACY.
          DIAPHORETIC DECOCTION.
   Take of pleurisy root (asclepias luberosa) in powder
one  ounce, water one quait—boil and  strain.   Pro-   1
mote expectoration and  perspiration.   Used in  fevers
of all kinds.  Dose,  a  wineglass full, several times a
day.

             URINARY EECOCTION.
  Take marsh mallows three ounces, queen of the mea-
dow root three ounces, \v;ter four quarts—boil  down
to one quart, and strain the decoction; to this  add
gum Arabic two ounces, nitre half an ounce.   Dose, a
teacup full,  four or five times a day.   Eminently use-
ful when exhibited for difficulty in passing the water.


             DIGITALIS DECOCTION.
   Take of fox glove leaves, in powder fen ^rrsins, wa-
ter one pint—boil to half a pint, and strain.   Dose, two
tablespoons full.   Diuretic.

             TROCHES FOR PILES.
   Take of aloes, gum Arabic, Castile soap, sugar of
lead, copperas, and  vegetable caustic, in powder, of
each, half an  ounce;  molasses  three pints—simmer
over  a gentle fire, carefully  stirring until of a proper
consistence to form into roles of  the size and shape of
an acorn.    These are to be introduced up the rectum
or bowel, two or  three  a day, where they will slowly
dissolve, in casesof piles where there are tt mors.  They
are a remedy of great importance in this troublesome
r'isease.   They should be kept in close stopped bottles,
or they will deliquiesce and spoil.
                   EXTRACTS.

  Extracts are prepared  either from  the  expressed    1
juice or decoction of vegetables, by evaporation.  Ther
generally should be of the consistence of honey. 
PHARMACY.                 $3
          EXTRACT OF BLOOD ROOT.
  Take of blood root one pound,  water one gallon--—
boil down to two quarts, and strain while hot.  Evapo-
rate  the decoction immediately to the  consistence of
thick  honey,  carefully stirrng towards the  last.   It
should be kept in stopped bottles.

  In the same way prep-ire the extract of gentian.  To
form a plaster of an extract, there should be white re-
sin added sufficient to make it tenacious.
                      DROPS.

                 COUGH DROPS.
  Take of oil of aniser oil of almonds, balsam fir, tincture
balsam  tolue,  of each, half a drachm; alcohol One..
ounce__mix.  To this a little laudanum may be added
with benefit. Dose, from fifteen to twenty drops. Used
in coughs.

                DIURETIC DROPS.
   Take of  sweet spirits of nitre, oil of almonds,  of
each, two ounces;  balsam capivi,  spirits turpentine, of
each, one ounce; camphor thirty  grains—mix.  Dose,
a small teaspoon full  in the mucilage of gum  Arabic*
three or four times a day,  previously well shook  to-
gether.  Used for gonorrhoea, venereal disease, scald-
ing of urine, &c.

                  BLACK DROPS.
   Take of  opium half a pound, purified vinegar  three.
Dints,  nutmeg bruised, one ounce and a half, saffron
half an ounce—boil them to a proper consistence, then
add su«ar four ounces,  yeast one fluid  ounce—digest
for seven weeks, then place in the open air until it be-
comes a avrup :  lastly, decant, filter, and bottle it up,
addin" a little sugar  to each  bottle.  This is an ano-
 dyne preparation, which has been long known and  es-
 teemed, as being more powerful in its operation, and 
64                 PHARMACY.
 less distressing in its effects, than any tincture of opium.   )
 One drop of this preparation  is  considered fqual to
 about three of  laudanum.   Dose, from five to fifteen
 drops, according to circumstances.

                    TAR DROPS.
   Take eil of tar any.quamity. Dose, four or eix drops,
 three or four limes a day.   For cramp or pains in the
 stomach, &c.

              WIHTEWELL'S DROPS.
   Take of alkanale  root two drachms,  camphor  one
 drachm, oil of origanum six drachms,  spirits turpen-
 tine half an ounce, alcohol  one pint—mix.  Dosn, -•">
 drops in wine or water, several time, a day.  Used ex-
 ternally yiui internally for rheumatism, pains and cramps
j, in the stomach,  earache, toothache, palsy, &c.
                   MUCILAGE.

          MUCILAGE OF GUM  ARABIC.
  Take of gum Arabic, in powder, one part, boiling wa-
 ter two parts—digest, with frequent agitation, until the
 gum is dissolved, then  pass the  mucilage through a
 linen.   The  use of this mucilage  depends upon its
 rendering expressed and  essential oils, balsams, resins,
 gum resins,  resinous tinctures,  and fatty bodies misci-
 ble with water, and to assist in forming a mass for pills
 tenaccous.

     MUCILAGE  OF  SLIPPERY ELM BARK.
  Take of slippery elm bark, in powder, two ounces,
boiling water  one  pint—macerate  them  with  a gentle
 heat,  until a  mucilage is  formed.   A mucilage thus
formed is successfully employed as a glyster, in bowel  )
complaints,  and a  very  important  application to tho  <
eyes in  ophthalmia.   It may be taken  internally for  (
coughs, dysentery, diarrhoea, and poison.               t 
                     PHARMACY.       /          65

          CAUSTICS, OR ESCHAROTICS.
   These are substances which possess the power of de-
 stroying the texture, of the various  solid parts of  the
 animal body to which they are applied.   Yet they are
 often employed in form of a weak solution, to excite a
 healthy action in indolent i icers, fistulas, sinous can-
 cers, and cutaneous eruptions, without any specific es-
 charotic effect.   We al»o make use  of them in prepar-
 ing some ointments  and eye waters.  Many practi-
 tioners exhibit them in great abundance internally, but
 we seem more in favor of milder remedies for the re-
 moval of disease, and as yet, remain skeptics with re-
 gard to the propriety, of too generally, exhibiting delete-
 rious articles, on the  principle of creating a morbid ac-
 tion in the  system, sufficient to overpower that  which
 then exists.             x

    '          VEGETABLE CAUSTIC.

    This is prepared  by  evaporating a  strong  ley of
  hickory ashes until it becomes of a consistence of pow-
  der.  This may be applied to act as  an escharolic with-
  out exciting but  a very little inflammation—in  many
  cases it has a preference to any other oh  that account.
  Great use is made of this in scrofulous ulcers and fistu-
  las, both in form of powder and solution, and  with a
  syringe, if necessity require.

                 MINERAL CAUSTIC.

    Take of borax one ounce, muriate of  mercury half
  an ounce, Vermillion twenty grains—rub well together.
  This preparation, it  will be seen, is considerably used
  externally, by reading on the practice of surgery.  It
  is one of the principal remedies (though the muriate is
  often applied alone) jnade use of in  exciting a preter-
  natural discharge and  removing the callus in-fistula,
  which is  the great secrecy  of  cure, without an  ope-
  ration.  Muriate of mercury is one of the most violent
\ poisons with which  we are  acquainted—hence  the ne-
  ce^iiv of  being extremely cr.reful in. its application.
  Often V'ben applied h* the small quajitity^of one  or two
  grains, it cause** violont iiui^mmation and pain to fol-
  low. 
66
PHARMACY.
           MILD MINERAL CAUSTIC.
  Take of sub. muriate of  mercury (calomel) ons
ounce, vermillion twenty grains—rub together.  Used
for venereal ulcers.

  The extracts of blood root,  poke, and Indian turnip,
are sometimes Uied as cscharotics.
                    GARGLES.

            STIMULATING GARGLE,
  To one  pint of a strong decoction of sumach berries
add  one drachm  of alum.   Used for  diseases of Ihe
throat.

               COOLING GARGLE.
  To one  pint of a strong decoction of sage and hyssop
sweetened  with honey add one drachm of borax.  Lose,
a wine  glass every half hour.  Used as a gargle in dis-
eases of the throat.

      £»-»»-. ASTRINGENT GARGLE.
  Simply a strong decoction of cohush.
                FOMENTATIONS.

           COMMON  FOMENTATION.

  Take of hops, tansey, wormwood horchound and cat-
nip, equal parts, boil them  in water, sometimes add a lit-
tle soap.  The steam of this constitutes what we term
the "vapor bath." Sometimes  add a little peppermint, it
is then more grateful.   In  fomenting, the boiled herbs
maybe applied directly to the part or between  cloths,
and remove as soon as cold, and apply  warm.

            POPPY FOMENTATION.
  Take of p^/yjy  **ny quantity, simmer in equal parts 
                    PHARMACY.                 67

of vinegar and water.  Used for opthalmia, ague in the
face, &.c.

         STIMULATING FOMENTATION.
  Take of Cayenne pepper two ounces, bruised mustard
seed two ounces, alcohol  or common spirits two quarts,
mix, digest a week.    Used in palsy,  bruises, rheuma-
tism, broken bones, pains, &.c.

              MINT FOMENTATION.
  Spearmint bruised  and simmered in brandy. Used for
sickness at the stomach and pain in the bowels.
                    INJECTIONS.

               COMMON INJECTION.
   Take of milk one pint, mucilage of slippery elm bark
 one pint, (if the elm can be obtained,)  olive oil one gill,
 molasses half a pint, saleratus one drachm,  mix.   Often
 the saleratus and mucilage  will be omitted, but should
 never be in  cases of dysentery and diarrhoea.   Laud-
 anum will  sometimes be  added in proportion of a lea-
 spoon full.  It is often necessary to repeat injections, and
 give them in large quantities, lo expeet any benefit from
 them.   To  prevent their too quick return, cloths should
 be applied to the parts.

                 SOAP INJECTION.
   This is simply strong soapsuds.

            STIMULATING INJECTION.

   Take of Lobelia one part, eommon hemlock one part,
 make a  decoction, add a teaspoon full of capsicum to the
 pint.

              TOBACCO  INJECTION.
   Simply a decoction of tobacco leaves, given in small
\quantities, to expel worms from the rectum,
                        1 o 
68
PHARMACY.
         TOBACCO  SMOKE INJECTION.
  This is made by forcing tobacco smoke into a bladder,
by covering the bowl of a pipe with a cloth, and blowing  V
with the mouth after the stem of the pipe is introduced
into the bladder.   After the bladder is filled, force it up
the rectum.  Used for colic.

           RESTORATIVE  CORDIAL.
                                                *
   Take of cumfrey root, white Solomon's seal and spike-
nard, of each one  ounce, columbo, gentian  root,  and
chamomile flowers, of each half an  ounce,  wine  two
quarts.  Dose, half a wine glass three times a day. Giv-
en in cases of debility and loss of appetite.
                     PHYSIC.

            NEUTRALIZING PHYSIC.
  Take of peppermint half a  pound, rhubarb nine oun-    *
ces, saleratu3 four ounces, loaf sugar four pounds, water
one  gallon.   Mix, boil and evaporate a little, then add
one pint of brandy.  Dose, a teaspoon lull once  in two
hours, for children two years old.   This  is  a valuable
remedy  for  dysentery, diarrhoea  and cholera morbus.
The bark of  wild cherry tree and cinnamon may be ad-
ded with good effect.                                  jf

        BILIOUS COLIC PHYSIC.  (HULL'S.)
   Take of aloes one  ounce, gum myrrh half an ounce,
cloves, cinnamon, nutmeg and  ginger  equal  parts, two
drachms, jallop half an ounce, sometimes a little nitre,
capsicum or sunflower seed, gin one quart.   Dose, half s
wineglass every hour until relieved.  This has been very    |
celebrated in the cure of colics.                         j

                 BILIOUS PHYSIC.
   See anti-bilious-powder.

             WHITE LIQUID  PHYSIC.
   This is  made by saturating  warm  water with equal  s
parts of  epsom and glauber salts, (as much as the water  , 
I
PHARMACY.
69
will dissolve,) then add two tablespoons full of nitric acid,
or enough to make it as sour as lemon juice, to the gal-
lon, or instead of the  nitric acid, the same quantity of
sulphuric  acid, and two  ounces of nitre  may be added
when the water is warm.  Dose, from one to two table-
spoons ftill,  to adults, once in two hours, until it  ope-
rates as physic.   Keep it from  the teeth, drink cold wa-
ter after it.  Thin is given in all kind of bowel and liver
complaints with good effect.  The extract of mandrake
is a very  good physic, made into pills, if it gripe much
combine it with some  aromatic.
                     SYRUPS.

              ALTERATIVE SYRUP
  Take of sassaparilla six pounds,  sassafras two poundsj
guacsha^-"-  u:""_  ;„„..^3-,r.bU.««vL 100I 07 seeus two
nounds.  Sometimes one pound of senna is added, also
burdock roofor seeos two pounds, etaer nowers x puuiius.
Sometimes  one  pound  of senna is added, also bur-
dock root and seeds  left out.  These are all to be put
into a large kettle and boiled in water, and drained off and
boiled again, and again, until all the strength is out, then
the decoclion  should be carefully strained through woolen'
and evaporated to about twenty-six porter bottles, clarify
 with egTS, then add one pound of sugar, boil, skim, and
 clarify again, then bottle and cork tight. Sometimes  a
 little spirits is added to keep it from hurting.   This syrup
 is eiven in a great many kinds of diseases.  The reader
 must  be  referred  to  the  foregoing  pages.  Often two
 grains of the muriate of mercury is  added to this, espe-
 cially in venereal and liver complaints.

               VEGETABLE SYRUP.
    Take of liverwort, solomon seal, skunk cabbage root,
 of  each 1 pound—blood root, and water horehound, o*
 Lrh half  a pound ; boil and  prepare as the preceding
   -dose from half to a wine glass full, three times a day,
 7  adults.   Used for vomiting and spitting of blood, and
  coughs- 
70                 PHARMACY.
              SCROFULOUS  SYRUP.
  Take of yellow dock root, and bittersweet, of each two
pounds ;  boil the strength all out with water, strain, clari-
fy, and add 101b. of sugar, then evaporate to twelve por-
ter  bottles—dose, a wine glass full three times a day.
Used for scrofula.  .

            ANTISPASMODIC  SYRUP.
  Take  of garden piony  root, one  pouud—peruvian
bark, and snake root, one quarter of a pound—sugar, four
pound—water, four quarts ; boil, strain, and  evaporate to
two or three quarts—dose, half a wine glass full.  Used
for fits in children, and epilepsy.

             EXPECTORANT SYRUP.
  Take of a strong decoction of iceland moss, and liquor-
ice stick, equal parts, evaporate, to which add rock candy*
This forms a valuable syrup for coughs, and cuius.
                  BALSAMS.

             PULMONARY BALSAM.
   Take of spikenard, elecampane, and cumfrey root/and
horehound tops; add sufficient water to get the strength
all out, boil, then strain, clarify : add four  pounds of
honey, and four pounds of sugar, and evaporate to six-
teen bottles, add a little brandy sometimes—dose, a wine
glass full,  three or four times a day.

              BALSAM OF HONEY.
  Take of balsam of tolu, balsam fir, of each twp ounces;
opium, two drachms—ajcohol, one quart, mix, and digest
some  time—dose, from ten to twenty drops.  Used for
coughs, and diseases of the lungs.

        SMITH'S PULMONARY BALSAM.
  Take of lobelia, four oz,; spikenard, two lb.;  bone- 
PHARMACY.                 71
set, one lb.; sassaparilla, one lb.; pleurisy root, two lb.;
colts foot, one lb. ; snake root, one and* a half lb.; sugar,
ten lb.; rum, four gal.;  ginseng, one lb.;  poplar bark,
half a pound.  Let them digest in the rum for eight days,
then  pour off the liquor, and add water—boil all the
strength  out,  strain, then add the sugar and evaporate
until a syrup is formed, then a quantity of the mucilage
of slippery elm is to be added—dose, from a tablfe spoon
full to a wine glass full, three times a day.
                   WASHES,

';:      OPTHALMIA WASH, OR WATER.
  Take of pulverized borax, one  ounce ;  rain water,
one quart: mix.  This is used for the eye principally,

                 YELLOW WASH.
  Take  of lime water, one  pint—mineral caustic, one
 drachm :  mix.  Used for ulcers, sores,  fistulas, &c,

                  MINERAL WASH.
   Muriate of mercury, one drachm ;  borax,  one ounce :
 rain water, one quart.   Mix.

              SAL AMMONIAC WASH.
   Take of sal ammoniac, one oz.; spirits,  water, and vin-
 egar, equal parts, one pint.  Used for erysipalas, and in-
 flammation.
                   BLACK  WASH.
   Take of lime water, eight ounces—sub-muriate of mer-
 cury, (calomel) one drachm—mix.  This is applied to
 ulcers, particularly the venereal.

                ASTRINGENT  WASH.
   Take  of hemlock, sumac, witch hazel, and  white oak
  bark equal parts of each, with water, make a  strong de-
  motion, to this add a little alum.  Used for flooding, and
  for ulcers when there is too  great a discharge.
                         J O 
73
PHARMACY.
                  EYE WATER.

             MINERAL EYE WATER.
  Take of the muriate of mercury, half a drachm, spirits
one pint.

           SPIRITOUS  EYE  WATER.
  Take of brandy, half a  pint, camphor, half an ounce,
water, half a pint—mix.

    STIMULATING EYE WATER  OR WASH.
  Take of white vitriol, sugar of lead, add gum myrrh, of
each one  ounce, water, one qtiart; mix: let it  stand s
week.   This is used where there is need of a stimulating
application.

               COMMON  LINIMENT.
  Take of castile soap,  oil of sassafras, camphor, spirits
of hartshorn,  and alcohol, of each one ounce, shake well
together.  Used for sore  throat, stiffness of the joints,
swelling, pains, &c.

                  GREEN  OIL.
  Take of the oil of wormwood, oil of sassafras, oil of
cedar, oil of hemlock, oil of turpentine, oil of amber, and-
sweet oil,  of  each  one ounce, mix them well together.
This is an excellent application for rheumatic pains, sore
throats, swelling, &c.

                 RELAXING OIL.
  This is made by simmering together, skunk grease, and
angle worms oil, 
DR.  BOTE'S  PRACTICE.
     Doctee Bone, is an aged and very celebrated  Ger-
   man practitioner residing in the state of  New-Jersey,
   about twelve or fifteen miles from New-York city.   His
   success in treating certain disease? is almost unparrelleled,
   practice very extensive, judgment not to be coped with.
   As with all other physicians, no doubt he can make better
   use of his own remedies than any other person, by reason
   of experience and aa established confidence.  The prac-
   tice  had   long been kept  a  secret, but was obtained in
   1830, by  paying a large sum of money.   It is hoped tho
   public will be benefitted by a knowledge of it.
     Receipts for preparing his different kinds  of remedies.


            BONE'S  CELEBRATED  BITTER.
     Pulverized tamarach bark, six pounds—prickly  ash
   bark, four pounds—wild cherry bark,  three pounds—sen-
   eca snake root, three pounds—aloes,  half a  pound ; mix
   well together.  To one ounce of the mixture, add about
   three pints  of fluid, consisting two  thirds  of gin,  one
   third of water, and  one gill  of  molasses; macerate sev-
   eral days—dose, from half to a wine glass full three times
   s day.  This is used in all cases where bitters are neces-
   sary.                                         ,
                       POULTICE.

     This is made of.the pulverized  bark of the root of the
/  black or pussy willow, mixed up with  cold cream, and ap-
   plied cold in all cases where  poultices are necessary.   It
   has a remarkable effect to  suppress inflammation, and es-
   tablish a  healthy action in indolent ulcers. 
74           DR.  BONE'S PRACTICE.

                YELLOW SALVE.
  Take of wild indigo root (baplisla tinctora) one bushel,
boil the strength all out, strain, and evaporate the decoc-
tion to a  proper consistancy, to which add ten pounds of
fresh butter, half a pound mutton tallow, and three pounds
of beeswax, then boil until the water is all out, and strain.
This i3 an  excellent application in many cases, ulcers in
particular.

                 NIPPLE  SALVE.
   Take of yellow salve, two pounds, melt and addons
phial of british oil.

                 HEALING SALVE.
   Take one bottle of olive oil, one tablespoon full of lith-
arge, one of red lead, and  two of white lead, mix and
auniner them together, over a gentle fire.

        SALVE  FOR PROLAPSUS UTERI.
   Common rosin and hogs lard  mixed together, equal
parts.
                  GREEN  SALVE.
   To the vellow salve, add a small qauntity of blue vi-
troli.
                   BLACK  SALVE.
   Take  of the expressed juice of the poke root, (phyto-
leca decandria) to this add one gill of gun powder, and
two gills of lard, simmer over a warm fire until it takes a
•fire, then immediately smother it.

               SEAR  CLOTH PLASTER.
   Take of common pitch or turpentine, one pound, melt,
to this add a small quantity oCrosin, mutton tallow, and   '
vinegar, let it simmer a short J.ime, then pour it  into water.

                STIMULATING  WASH.
   Take of water six quarts, to this add half a tablespoon   j
fbll of seiieca oil, boil down to one half, then add half a   '
tablespoon full of blue vitriol.                           i 
              DR. bone's practice.           75

                CATHARTIC PILLS.
  Take of equal parts of aloes,  pulverized  rhubarb
and pezunk or Indian physic,  form a mass  wiih some
mucilage,  and make  into pills.   Dose, from three to
eight.

                HYSTERIC  PILLS.
  To the above add a  little gum myrrh and assafaetida.
                 PRACTICE.

                     QUINSY.
  Treatment.   Apply the common poultice to the neck.

                 BILIOUS COLIC.

  Treatment.  Take a  handfull of bilious  colic  iooi.
add a pint and a half oT ^?ter,_ boil^ do'^n to a ^teacup
full, drink the whole, give injectlCr. of the same, with the
addition of a teaspoon full of butternut extract.

                      DROPSY.
   Treatment.   First, for a  short time  give a tea of ta-
marach bark, then give about a half a teaspoon full of the
white physic, (euphobia ipecacuanha) this will both puke
and purge.  If it should not do it freely, increase the dose.
The patienfmust set perfectly still when he takes this
medicine, and must not eat or drink any thing until it
operates   In difficult cases, aud where the constitution
will  bear it, this should be given every  day, for a few
davs   This  will take  the  water  off freely, then com-
mence with the common bitters and cathartic pill, also a
tea of tamarach bark.

                    DYSPEPSIA.

   Treatment.   In the  treatment  of this  disease, occa-
  onally give a dose of the cathartic  pills,  then  com-
mence with the common bitters.  The white .physic or 
 76           DR. bone's  PRACTICE.                 ;

 euphobia  may be given  occasionally.  Plasters  should
 be applied to the back and breast.

                       PILES.                        *
   Treatment.  Give  a decoction of the root of the tag    |
 alder internally, externally apply the black salve.

              AGUE IN THE FACE.
  ■ Treatment.   Apply the common  poultice,  then the
 black salve, yellow salve, green salve, &c.

                  RHEUMATISM.
   Treatment.   In the treatment of rheumatism, give  an
 oceasional dose of the white physic.   The bitters should
 be taken freely, evacuate  the bowels with the  cathartic
 pills, apply plasters and bathe with brandy.

                      ASTHMA.

   Treatment.   Giv,e afn infu£c;; ot skunk cabbage and
 apply draughts to ttio .Z2L

                    SCROFULA.
   Treatment.   In the treatment of  scrofulous  tumors
*pr ulcers,  apply the common poultice, black salve, yellow,   »
 green, &c.

                     SCIATICA

   Treatment.   Bathe with tTieoilof tar, apply a poultice
 of the princes pine.                                     ^

                 STONE OR GRAVEL.
   Treatment,   Give freely of the common bitters.

 CR AMPIN THE STOMACH ARISING FROM COLD
       ATTENDED WITH COSTIVENESS.         t
   Treatment.   Give  ten or  twelve  grains of the white   7
 physic,  (amoncan  ipecac,)  then  an infusion of May   I
 weed.  Neither eat,  drink, or stir after taking.the  physic   I
 until it operates.   Apply  seneca poultices to the feet. 
               DR. bone's practice.            77

           .  WIND AND  NERVOUS  COLIC
   Treatment.  Take  of the pulverized  blazing star,  a
' teaspoon full, in a little molasses and water.

                   MORTIFICATION.
   Treatment.   Take  of wild  cherry  tree  bark,  white
 pine bark, wild indigo root, and pennyroyal, a sufficient
 quantity, to this add half a  gallon of urine, and half a
 pound  of alum, boil  all together and  make a strong de-
 coction, with which steam the part affected often.   This
 has been a very celebrated remedy.

                        CROUP.
    Treatment.   Give an infusion of skunk cabbage,  and
 apply draughts to the feet.

                     GONORRHOEA..

    Treatment.   Give a decoction of the bark of the black
 willow, also balsam capivi.    Wash the parts and inject
 with the decoction.

                HOOPING COUGH.
    Treatment.   Give an infusion of seneca and  hyssop.

                        WORMS,
    Treatment.   Give a decoction of the bark of the white
 poplar prepared  in  cider.   If this should not succeed,
 give the white physic, pink, black  plantain, &c.

                     CARBUNCLE.
    Treatment.   Apply the black salve, common poultices,
 yellow and green salve.

                       FISTULA.
    These should be treated with the black salve.

          SUPPRESSED MENSTRUATION.
     Treatment.  Give freely of a warm decoction of coluT
  foot or rue. 
78
DR.  BONE>S PRACTICE.
)
                    DYSENTERY.
    Treatment.   Give a decoction of crow foot freely.   If
 this should check it too soon, give a portion of the indian
 physic.  This is made by boiling a large quantity of the   ^
 root in two quarts of water, evaporate to one pint; dose,
 one or  two tablespoons full.

                  FLUOR ALBUS,
   Treatment.  Give an infusion of tlarry, (a species of
 sage) with the bitters,  and pills.

                      CAJNCERS.
   Treatment.  Take white oak bark and burn to ashes,
 from this make a strong ley, which evaporate over a gen-
 tle fire to the consistency  of tar.   Apply a plaster of this
 to the cancer, then the common poultice, black salve and
 green  salve.   This treatment sometimes acts  like a
 charm.

                     BLEEDING.
   If externally, apply pulverized stiplic weed, internally.
 give a decoction of the same.

                      ULCERS.
   Ulcers are to be treated by the application of the com-     /
mon poultice, yellow, black, and green salvs, which gen-
erally speedily cure them. 
BAHBISR'3  BSSHSCXOTC
   ?he following recipes were copied from the hand
 writing of the man whose n-xne ihey bear, and must, as
 a matter of course, be genuine. Tnese medicines have
 been strongly urg'd up.»n the public a.« tif immeu.-e va-
 lue, and as the original discoveries of  William Barber.
 A pamphlet  has  been  circulated extensively,  while
 certain individuals have labored, with a profitable zeal,
 to convince the world that through the agency of these
 medicines, consumptions were no longer to be regarded
 as a fatal disease, and cancers were as easily cured  as
 any other ma'ady.  A new cri was to be hailed in the
 practice of uieilcine,  in which the retailer of drugs
 would have to close his sh »p : the faculty seek  new
 employment,' and the contracted period of mortal exis-
 tence should b-^ extended to a period approaching that
 of the antediluvian worl !. Vegetable electricity, and its
 botanical era Ijuiors were  the theme  of mighty elo-
 quence, a prof 11-d -tl of c'Tiificaes proving the cure of a
 Catalogue of de^pr-rate ca*es, were arranged in bold re-
 lief to the wo.ideiing e e* of the astonished multitude.
 Feelings of surprise were elicited  tint  this simple and
 uneducated son of nature should have originated a sys«
 tem of prat tire entirely new, and discovered  by his own
 sagacity iimih'd  by the lights of others  experience,
 new or hitherto unknown virtues in plauts, with a me-
Jhocl of compoundi ig them so es.sentially different from
 all who had  gone bef ire  him, that  their medicinal
 effects should approach the miraculous, as they listened
 to the "thrice told tale" of " feats of valor" in the art
 •f healing.  B> this modern Es-ulapius, the necessity
 ©f all preparatory Htudy whirh had hitherto been such
 a formidable ol<-tar.le  in the  manufacture of a doctor
 was rendered but a waste of time and mental energy, ai* 
80            BARBER'S  MEDICINE.

skill was  centred in prescribing a  round of medicine
made perfect.   To what extent the  Mi-tilic Sulphates
were rendered  simple and harmless  vegetable produc-
tions, by this wonder-working min,  we submit to the
judgment of our enlightened  naders, with this homely
old proverb, that " honesty is the best policy."
   1.  His celebrated Electric Ointment.
   Melt one and  a half pound of lard, add one gill of
alcohol,  then mix one tablespoon  full of sulphate of
zinc, and one do. of pcarlash, and  ad I  the mixture to
the melted lard.   And when  the  efTc  vescence ceases,
add half  an ounce of pulverized unicorn root.   This
preparation will sometimes ease pain, and  it will often
equalize the arterial action, when  applied to the tem-
ples, neck,  &.c. and  generally act as an anodyne.  But
it appears tn act most powerfully, when newly  mtde.
He inuallv  used  it as his first application to patients,
te cx'i'.c their special wonder.
   Ills Black Ointment, or Brown Liniment.
   To one pint of codfish oil, add  one ounce of  oil of
tar, half a pint of spirits of turpentine, and from  three
quarters to one ounce of sulphuric acid, by little parcels
and  keep it closely stopped.   It softens  callosities,
and hard  swelling*,  an 1 usually excites a glow of heat.
And it has  been  useful in quinsy, &c. as an outward
application.  A lamp cloth,  laid over the  part where
the ointment has been recently applied, seems to mod-
ify its action.
   His Yellow Powder—a good cathartic.
   Take of beefs gall dried  and  pulverized, one table-
spoon full, and equal parts of aloes, rhubarb, gamboge,
jalap, and golden seal, so much as to  make half a pinl,
and of nutmegs, cloves, allspice, cinnamon, and ginger,
equal parts, making one pint,  pulverized  and well
mixed.  And if myrrh-is added, it is supposed to  be an
improvement.   This compound is an excellent aperient
medicine, and is  probably the best article that be ad-
ministered to his patients.   Taken at evening ia doses
of J5 to 30 grains, it appeared to  act directly on the li.
ver; (while the  patient lay at rest,)  to purify the blood
remove morbid matter from the system, and frequently. 
                 BARBER'S MEDICINE.            81

   to relieve pain, even in the extremities.  Aided by elec-
   tricity," it his reduced  gouty aid  rheumatic swellings ;
   and with the addition of the black oiiitmeit outwardly,
   "obstinate callosities hare been reduced by persevering
-   attention-
f    His Black Pills.
     Put eight quarts of good soot (from a chimney where
   green hard wood has  been burned.) into five gallons of
   good vinegar ail boil it till the strength of the soot is
   extracted.  Then strain off the liquid and boil  away
   two thirds of it, then add five pounds of beeswax, and
   seven pounds of honey, and  boil the mixture down to
   the consistence of tar.   Then add suitable proportions,
   of  boxwood bark, rhubarb,  aloes,  and  golden seal,
■   and a small proportion of myrrh.   This composition to
   make a suitable mass for pills
     Fever Drops, Lotion,  Consumption Drops, eye.
     Believed to be nearly correct but not taken from  his
   recipes.
     Take of blue flag root, black  cohush,  and queen of
   the meadow, with such other articles as may*be ai
   hand, boil them in an  iron kettle until a strong decoc-
   tion is obtained ; strain, and add  while hot, sulphate of
   zink, sufficient to  saturate the decoction,  a small quan-
   tity of corrosive sublimate may be occasionally added  ;
   this preparation should be reduced to the strength  re-
   quired with strong  green tea, and  maybe left a natural
ft  eoloror various coloring substances may'be, used accord-
   ing to the name it is destined  to wear.

                  WHITE POWDERS,
     Take pulverised oyster shells one part, and one part
\ pulverized poke root, to which may be added,  blue flag
.  rroot, and unicorn root, or they may be omited.  This,
   if not  the'precise composition  generally made, does
   not differ essentially from it.  Dose, from five  to fif-
   teen grains.

             FOR INFLAMMATORY RHHUMATISM-

     Roots of queen of the  meadow, black cohush, end
 I  wild sunflower, put into brandy. 
82             barber's  medicine.
                    MEDICAMENTUM,'

  May be made in the following manner.
  Take tincture of cayenne pepper, tincture of hemlock
gum, do. of myrrh  and aloes, and mix them together,
by guess, until judging by the lasie and looks that tho
proportions are correct.   D< se, a teaspoon full occa-  1
sionally, to warm and strengthen the stomach.
                  6TOMACH  BALSAM.

  The medicameotum, with the exception of the tinct-
ure of cayenne, other balsamic artLles may be added
at pleasurc»
  A large collection  of  original  compounds, are occa-
sionally used, but as the articles n imcd, are the leading
and essential ones, a knowledge of ihem  may  satisfy
the curiosity of the inquisitive.
   A Kkmkdt for Small-pox__I>r. Frederick
 JV.  Mirrif, resident phveicia.1 of ths Halifax
 ViBt dr Di-ive-nsary, N. SM bas written a letter
 to tneAxteripan medical T'.m»e, in which he
i s ateu that the '•Sarnieenia Purpurea," or In-
 dian cup. a native plnntof Nova ScoU*, is tne
 remedy for snail.pox iu ail i<s fornr.s, car.nt ia
| tw< Ive hours after tie pa.ient bas taken the
 medicine.  That  "however alarming and nu-
 merous tr.p erupt obs, Oi- confluent and ft ixhtfal
 thej m»y be, ti,e peculiar a-tion of the medi-
 cine is such th'.t very seldom Is a scar loft to
 tell  nn- sory of the disuse.  If either vaccine
 oryafolous matter is v-ashed with  the  iofu-
 eion < f the sarra ess, they are deprired of their
 coBuixiousproptrties.  So mid is the nv-dicine
 to tie iaste thht it may De largriy mixed with
 tea and coffee ar>d given toconno sseurs n 'he>e
 beyerages  to crmtt without their being &w:u,,
 of tlu ac.mixture. The m-dJjiie his been suc-
 cessful -j tri^d in thebo->pita h of  Nova Scotia,
 and  its use wi i be con-inued.
/   -
/! 
 
K *l- -*..?.


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