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           THE


i<*s •■ .   ;'?                7
SYMPTOMS  AND TREATMENT


       OP ILL DISEASES.
r .

By H. D. MASON,
  CEDARVILL& O.
PRINTED BY H. D. MASON.

    *"  1848. 
TO THE READER.
   Among the improvements of the present age. none
 are greater, than those that belong to the science of
 medicine.  The accurate observation of the  symp-
 toms, during the progress of diseases, and the numer-
 ous examinations of the morbid  appearances after
 death, that have been made, have confirmed the prac-
 tice and experience of  past ages respecting some dis-
 eases, and thrown much light on others;  and have es-
 tablished the  leading points in  practice, on an  immo-
 veable basis,  in the minds of all, sufficiently enlight-
 ened on the subject.  Still it is to be feared, that ow-
 ing to conceit, ignorande,  prejudice, or self-interest,
the Thomsonianpractice, and other Jbrms of empiri-
cism,  will find nlany more victims,  before all will be
 satisfied  respecting their ruinous tendency.
.. The reader may rely on the accuracy of the views,
presented in  this little  work ; they are drawn,  chief-
ly from the works of Dr. Mackintosh; (the best medi-
cal productions ever  given to the world) and have
been, in part, confirmed by the author's  own experi-
 ence.
  The application of leeches is frequently recommen-
ded ; although it is not expected, that  in this country
they will be, generally, procured.  An explanation of
such medical terms a,s  are used will be  found  in the
latter end of  the book.
Cedarville,  Sept. 7,1843. 
FEVERS.
  Hippocrates, the father of Medical science, ijnagin.-
ed that Fever was a salutary effort of nature to throw
oft some noxious matter.  Stahl held the same opinion,,
but acknowledged; that Whe:n this morbid matter was
abundant, or the powers of trie body too weak, Fev-
ers were hurtful.  Hoffman thought Fev.er consisted'
in diminished energy of the nervous system^ ' Culler^
imagined that this diminished energy brought on spasm
of the extreme vessels ; which spasm, was the proxi-
mate cause of fever : that is, the action of  the heartt
and arteries is.'increased by ".he spasm and cold stage,
till it restores the  nervous energy;  which in its turn*,
overcomes the spasm, upon the removal of which, thei
sweat appears.
  ' The best physicians at  present, consider Fever, a,
disease of the whole system:  and  seemJ;o have but
little confidence, in any t'i-j■;< y that has be3n suggest-'
ed respecting its nature.   There is, however, a gen-(
eral belief, that the reaction of the heart an-1 arteries,,
is an effort of nature to throw off disease;  but  they
 think the attemper to  ascertain the  first  link in the
 cKain of diseased action, is vain.  The inference drawn
 by the Thomsonians, from this theory, is ;  that Fever
 and  inflammation are  friends, and should' be treatetl
 is such; but they are such  friends as often destroy
 life, by theit too violent efforts to restore.
  ' In some fevers*, some one'organ is inflamed, in oth-
  ers, the balance'of  the circulation is lost. 
4
'-" Five prominent symptoms  are  generally present
in fevers : 1; Chilliness followed  by heat; 2 :  Fre-
quent pulse; 3; A sense of debility; 4: Disturbance
of almost every function of the body; such as, loss of
appetite, nausea, thirst, vomiting dry skin, scanty and
high-coloured urine, dry, clammy mouth, and furred
tongue, costive bowels, and dark fetid  stools; 5: Rest-
lessness  and want of refreshing sleep.
  There is a tendency in fevers to a periodic action,
as in intermittents, to return every day, or every oth-
er day, and in other fevers, to become more severe a
little after dark, also, to run a,certain course.
  The doctrine of critical days ia  of  no practical im-
portance, and may do harm, by preventing an active
practice, when the day of the supposed crisis is not at
hand : but^this notion has not  proved as injurious, as
the  conceit, that fevers must  run  a certain course, in
spite of  all remedies.   It is a matter of much impor-
tance, in the treatment of fevers,  to attend to the na-
ture of the prevailing epidemic, if any fever is preva-
lent at the time, as in different seasons, they are  to be
J-c^ied ihiibiently.  Climate, seasons,  and the condi-
tion of the air modify fevers, in a remarkble manner.
   The constitution of the patient,  also,  has a great in-
fluence ; Weakness, previously existing, and depress-
ing  passions, dispose to malignity in the disease, while
previous good health, with hope and confidence,  either
prevents the attack, or  helps  to stem its violence.
   The causes of  fever are, marshmiasma, contagion,
 and epidemic influence ; together with cold,  fear, or
 despondence, acting on persons poorly fed, or debilita-
 ted  hy  previous  disease, long watching, great fa-
 tigue, or excesses of some kind.  Also too full, or too
irritable a habit of body, predisposes  to an attack.    ■ 
5
  Fevers are either primary, or symptomatic.   Pri-
mary fevers are divided into Internautent, Remittent
Continued, and Eruptive fevers.   Rrjmittents are sub-
divided into Bilious, Yellow or malignant, and  Infan-
tile remittent fevei3-  Continued fevers comprise ; 1:
Fevers from functional ^derangement,  called Typhus
Mitior; 2: The same subsequently united with  con-
gestion ; 3: Congestive fever ; 4 : The same followed
by inflammation;  5: Inflammatory fever;  6:  The
same subsequently united  with congestion.   In con-
tinued fevers, the patient is often easier, in some paj:ts
of the day and some periods of the disease than others.

   FEVER FROM FUNCTIONAL DERANGE-
                    MENT.

  In this kind of fever there is commonly neither in-
flammation, nor congestion, but the functions of some
organs are disturbed,.
  Symptoms.—Sometimes these are slight for a week
or more; there are slight chilliness, increasing weak-
ness and languor,  impaired appetite, restless  nights,
burning of the hands and feet, and some thirst.
  At length the body becomes hot, the pulse about 90
in a minute,skin parched, thirst considerable,yellow fur
on the tongue, the appetite is  lost, the- urine  scanty
and  high-coloured, the patient is restless,'particular-
ly at night, has a general uneasiness, oppression about
the heart, slight headache and pain in the loins, fetid,
scanty, and adhesive stools, or they are-  watery and
dark-coloured, mixed either with mucus or with  some
hardened feces,  - At  night his mind  wavers, and he
has occasional delirium, and terrific dreams.  Some-
 times, after  the symptoms are slight, for a week or
  i 
6
turo, they terminate in  local inflammation, or conges
tion of some organ.   Sometimes the fever  is sharp,
with  considerable excitement, increased  heat, deliri-
um, pulse above 100, full and strong, much oppression
about  the heart, hurried  respiration, loaded, dry  and
parched tongue, and disordered  bowels.   This is the
form of  favor called in this country Winter fever.
  Triatmeniv—Enjoin rest, and abstinence from solid
food ; give 2 geains-of calomel, and 5 or 6 of jalap,
every third hour untH it operates, daily, during the
first stage of the disease.- If the stomach is very  foul,
give an emetic of 30 or 4ft grains of Ipecac
  During the first week  or two, the  body should be
sponged with cold water, if the heat; be -considerable,
and with warm water, when the  heat is  low; if  chil-
liness be present, hot vinegar  and red pepper should
be used.   Fomentations may be  applied to the abdo-
men.   Bleeding once or twice, during the  first days1,
will be of great service, if the patient be not too old
or too young, or if he be not debilitated  by previous
disease. Blisters should be  applied, if the brain, lungs,
or bowels, are inflamed.-  The: food should  consist of
thin gruel, and should be given frequently, and in small
quantities at a time.  Should  the nerves be much
affected, administer 2  grains of camphor, in  a table.
spoonfull of infusion of  valerian, 3 times a day; to-
gether with a tea-spoonfull of  spirits of nitre.  Should
symptoms of congestion come on they should be treati
ed like the following Fev6r.

              CONGESTIVE. FEVER.           '

    In the worst form of this fever, the  pulse and
 heat are below  the healthy siandard.   In  slighter 
Vases, the extremities are cold, while the body is hot
The cold stage of ague* shews the general appear-
ance of a patient, in the first stage of a severe con-
gestive fever.  It is usually called Typhus.
   Symptoms.—Impaired appetite, irregular bowels
chilliness and flashes of heat, are in some cases pres-
ent for 10 days; until at length, chilliness prevails.
  The pulse is weak* and sometimes is about 50, or
60, in a minute,.the strength is prostrated, the tongue
moist and furred.  The patient k very- sleepy,  and
complains of giddiness,  confusion of mind, heaviness
ind pain or sense of weight in the head.  , The braia,
lungs, liver, or stomach, and sometimes all  these or-
gans at once, will  be much disturbed.   The counte-
nance looks besotted, anxious, and careless, his cheeks
are flushed, he drawls his words, his eyes  look dim,
the sight of.the eye is enlarged and  does not contract
muoh,.when light is presented.    His  breathing is
short and hurried, and he has a load about the heart.
  As the disease advances he becomes more insensi-
ble,  picks  the. bed-clothes, slides down in the bed,
breathes worsen becomes more cold to the touch, the
iface acquires a leaden colour, his pulse becomes 120,
or 130 in a minute; sometimes  there is  nausea  and
vomiting, the tongue is, black, and dry, and sometimes
there is diarrhoea, but generally he is constipated.
  Black  matter collects on the  teeth, the stools are
black and fetid, or mixed with blood, and passed invol-
untarily, the urine is either fetid, and turbid,  or like
whey; low, muttering delirium, and jerking of the ten-
dons come on ; dark spots  appear under the  skin; hic-
cup, clammy sweats, and a death-like odour, indicate
the approach of death.   The most common  causes of
this disease, are exposure to cold, and marsh miasma. 
s
   Treatment.—Apply  heat,  either  bottles  filled
with hot water, or rub the patient with hot  vinegar,
and red pepper, or  with hot spirits of  turpentine, or
use the warm bath; give agentle stimulant; and im-
mediately draw blood.  Continue to use the hot appli-
cations and£frictions, at short intervals, as long as the
coldness remains, and repeat the bleeding  once or
twice if necessary.  Give 2 grains of calomel  with
one of opium, every 3 or 4 hours.   Give 8 grains
of carbonate of ammonia, in 2 or 3 ounces of wa-
ter, whenever fainting or  chilliness prevails.  If the
lungs be much affected, apply  leeches, and blisters.
   Remove  the phlegm by an emetic, of 20 grains
of Ipecac, repeated every half hour, until it operates
sufficiently.   Cleanliness, quietness, and free air, are
necessary ; the room must be kep» cool when the heat
of the body is increased, and warmed  when it is di-
iminished*-  When the heat becomes, steadily, above
the natural standard, sponge with cold  water, and ap-
ply cold water, or ice to the head.  Soda powders, or
sal-eratus and vinegar, may be given every 2 hours.
   If the skin be 'hot and dry, and there be griping
and diarrhoea, giv©1 10 grains  of calomel and 10 of
rhubarb* followed by 10 drops of laudanum.
 >  If there be eoUgb, give liquorice and squills together
 with elm or flax-seed tea. <  ■  -
i    1.  A state of collapse is marked by a faint voice*
indistinct articulation, short respiration,  shriveled skin,
fetid sweat, cough,  sliding! down in the bed, with the
knees drawn up, feeble, wavering pulse, and  brown,
loaded tongue.  In such  a state, avoid  purges, and
give   wine and brandy; but if they cause delirium
and dry tongue, diminish  the quantity  or omit them, 
9
  2  If dark  brown, or purple spots appear, with
bfeeding from  the  gums, nose, bowels, bladder, or
skin; givo Virginia snake-root and 3  grains of quinine
every 2 hours, with 8 drops'of sulphuric, or muriatic
acid, wine whey, and yeast, beer and cider are good.
  Camphor and valerian quiet the nerves, and  lessen
delirium.  Twenty drops of laudanum may  be given
at night; if it does not cause a dry tongue.
  3.  If there be jerking of the tendons, tremulous
tongue, and  picking of the bed-clothes,  the head is
affected.  In this case, avoid stimulants.  Apply blis-
ters to the back of the neckjeeches to the temples,cold
water to the body, if the heat be good.  Give yest, milk
and water, and gruel frequently, and in small  quanti-
ties ;  as the symptoms disappear, give snake-root tea.
 ■ If the fever is long continued; quinine may be giv-
en in the last stage, if it do not increase the heat;  nor
produce headache or stricture across the breast.
   Gentle exercise, and occasional laxatives, with aro-
matic bitters, are good, during recovery.  If there be
a relapse; give calomel and jalap purges, apply blis-
ters and  take a mild  diet.
    It may  be  found  difficult,  to draw blood in the
first stage, but it must  be done, and not repeated af-
 tor the first few days are past; unless symptoms  of
 rhe following  fever appear, and then it must  be with
 great caution.

             INFLAMMATOY FEVER.

   Sy;.iptons.—Cold chills, sleepiness, and restlessness,
 languor,  and  dobility, loos of appetite, and bad taste,
  hirst,  furred tongue,  crneral norcnes?, nausea,  vomit-
                         o 
10
ing,  headache, and pain in the back.
  Sometimes after tho first chill all the other symp-
toms  follow immediately; in  other cases, chills and
and flashes of heat,fol!ow each other, for several days,
till the heat predominates, and delirium comes on at
night. In all cases tho breathing is quick and  anxious,
bowels costive,the pulse generaly full, strong,and from
100 to 130,the tongue patched, and loaded, or very red
at the tip and edges and there is oppression about the
heart.   In severe cases the skin is parched, burning.
and red.
  1.  If the brain be inflamed, the heat, and the pulse
may not be increased, the extremities will be in con-
stant motion, or rigidly contracted, the  sight of the eye
is generally enlarged, the eye is either half, or  fully
open, sometimes one is shut and  the other open with
palsy of one  side of the  face.
   The  tongue is not dry until near the close of the
disease.
  2. If  the membrane of the brain be inflamed, there
will be  general delirium, increase of strength, the pa-
tient starts Out of bed, the eyes are red, the sight con
traded  ,or enlarged, there is a ferocious countenance,
throbbing of the  arteries, pain in the head, and greai
restlessness.
  The  face is sometimes pale,the pulse is various the
the tongue dry, and sometimes in constant motion.
   Afterwards there is starting  of the tendons,  pick-
ing of the bed-clothes, sometimes convulsions, particu-
larly in the young, the patient is sleepy and insensible,
the sight is enlarged, and squinting occurs.
   The  breathing becomes more rapid and irregular,
foHcved by sic!"), tbc puhe having been quick at first. 
1-1
a^d aftoi wards slower, now  rises in frequency is h-
regular, and intermits,the insensibiliiy increases, and
death comes on, with, or without convulsions.
  In both these varieties, the breathing is much alike,
tho bowels costive, the stools and urine passed involun-
tarily, and sometimes  the bladder loses its power and
becomes distended.
  3.  If the lungs are inflamed, the breathing is labori-
ous,there is cough with more or less expectoration,sor.e-
ness in the breast and windpipe, or a stich in the side
is felt.
  4. If the inflammation be in the abdomen, there will
be  pain, increased on pressure, swelling and heat of
the parts, thirst, nausea and vomiting, and the patient
lies so as to relax the muscles of the belly; sometimes
the tongue is covered  with ulcers  or fissures, looks red
and glazed, with or without patches of white fur.
    Treatment.—Avoid solid food, and exercise, give
gruel, and keep the patient,  especially his-head  cool.
    Let him  take an emetic followed by 2 or 3 tea-
 spoons-full of cream of tartar and jalap.
  Disolve 16 grains of emetic tartar in a pint of water,
 and  give a table-spoonfull once in 4 hours, or once in
 2, if the bowels need to be moved.   If the bowels be
 inflamed omit the emetic tartar.
    Bleed the patient freely, two or  three times during
 the first  day or two, no time should be lost, follow the
 bleeding by leeches and blistering, and. keep the pa-
 tient lightly covered  with bed-ciothes.  "
  If a state of collapse comes on-Cood ajid medicine mucu
 be given regularly, and the heat of the body kept up.
    Stimulants, are often necessary on the decliiw) of the
  inflammation, but must be withheld if they cause it to 
12
rise.
  If the symptoms described, under  the head of con-
gestive fever appear it becomes the synochus,or simple
continued fever,and is to be treated like the latter stage
of congestive fever.
f*« The pulse is sometimes weak, and the extremities
cold whilethe heart can be heard to beat strongly.
  In such casos withdraw stimulants and too stimula-
ting food, and leech, and blister the patient.

     INTERMITTENT  FEVER, OR AGUE

F Symptoms of the cold stage.—Severe chills, and
generally tremors, short, laborious breathing, great op-
pression about the heart, headache, with pain  in the
back and loins.    Sometimes there is a cough, some-
times stupor, in other cases,there is coma and delirium.
   The features are ■hrunk, the eyes dull and hollow,
the pulse oppressed and  weak,  the tongue moist, and
the body does not feef cold to another.
 Sometimes it comes on with yawning, sometimes with
violent pain in the loins, joints, or .forehead, sometimes
the patient falls into a profound 'sleep and  awakes^ in
the hot stage.  Sometimes the next attack is a pain in
the forehead and  face. Sometimes patients die in the
cold stage.
    Hot stage.—This succeeeds  the cold stage ; the
skin is hot, and dry, face flushed and  swollen, thirst
great, and the tongue parched.  There is restlessness,
hurried breathing, oppression at thTe heart, severe pain
in some part of the body, sometimes there is sound in
 the ears, throbbing of  the arteries, and delirium-
   The pulse is frequently quick, sharp, and  bounding. 
13
Sometimes it runs into the remittent fever; and other
fevers sometimes terminate in Intermittents.
   Sweating stage.—This follows the hot stage the
sweat  becomes copious, and  generally the patient is
entirely relieved.
   Treatment.—Apply  bottles filled with hot water
to the pit of the stomach ; give warm tea, encourage
the sweating when it  comes on, and when it goes off*
let him take nourishing food.   If it does not wear off
in a few  days,  bleed  him once  or twice in the cold
stage, from 4 to 24 ounces, in a full stream.  >After:
the sweating is over, give an emetic of ipecac, follow-
ed by a dose of calomel and jalap, and if  it operates
too much, check it with 15 or 20 drops of laudanum.
Give 2 or 3 grains of quinine,every % hours, till cur-
ed, omitting it, when either the chill, fever, or sweat-
ing is present.   Or give  40 grains of Peruvian bark,
with 12 grains of salt of tartar, and 12 of Virginia
snake-root, every 4 hours.
   1.  If  there be much purging, check it with lauda-
num.
  2. If there be costiveness, black, brown, or bilious
stools, give purges.
  3. If cough attends, give elm tea, squills and nitre,
and apply blisters.,
  4. If there be great stupor,  coma, or convulsions,
8 grains of quinine must be given every 2  hours,.at
the same time bleed, and give calomel and jalap.  -
  5. If the case has been neglected, and.the fits run
into each other, salts must be given with the quinine*
  6. If fainting and.  dissolving spveats appear, avoid
purges, give" wine arid large doses of quinine.
 . 7-  If the liver be diseased, there will be a ptle, or 
14
yellow face, and hard, tumid belly.  Give salts for sev-
eral days, and a grain of calomel every night, till the
gums begin to swell, before using the quinine.
  8. If dropsy be connected with it, give purges and
15 grains of nitre, and cream of tartar.
  In young children, or very <i\d people, bleeding will
not be  borne as well as in other subjects.

             REMITTENT  FEVER

   The common remittent fever generally comes on
with a slight chill,followed  by the leading symptoms of
fever, which become milder, some part of the day than
they do, in continued fever.   There is not a regular
intermission, as in agues  neither is the  cold nor sweat-
ing stage well marked in common cases.  A common
symptom that attends, is  bilious vomiting.
  Treatment.—Bleed once or  twice, give an emetic,
followed by a  dose of 10 grains of calomel and 10 of
jalap repeated every three hours till it operates.
 Give a grain of ce.lomel, or 5 grains of blue pill, every
night till the gums swell.
  Bovers poweders in 10 grain doses, with two of cam-
phor should be given every 4 hours.
   Soda powders or pearlash and vinegar may be given
once in 4  hours.   Blisters should be applied to the
stomach.   When the fever gives way the patient often
sinks, unless  brandy is given.   Bitters  or quinine
 may be given during recovery

                YELLOW FEVER.

  This disease resembles tha common remittent fever, 
15
but is usually  more severe  and rapid in its progress
and is attended with a yellow  skin, and black vcmit.
  Treatnent.—Copious bleeding at first, followed by
leeches or cups on the abdomen, cold drinks, ice appl-
ied to the head, 2 grainsof  calomel and 6 of rhubarb
3  or 4 times a day ; but if  it purges too much, give 1
grain of  calomel, mild  diet, and apply  fomentations,
and blisters. Stimulants may be necessary at the close
but their effects must be watched.

      INFANTILE REMITTENT  FEVFR.

  The  child is  fretful, thirsty, and restless, a few days,
then the skin becomes hot, and dry, the breathing hur-
ried, and the pulse very quick, worse at night, but to-
wards  morning the  skin becomes moist, when  it has
some disturbed sleep.
  The  bowels are irregu]ar,generally costive,the stools
are dark, and  fetid,  small in quantity, sometimes mix-
ed with mucus, or blood.  The child cries frequently,
draws  up its knees,  the  belly is hot and swelled, and
Vomiting is common. The tongue is at first moist, and
loaded, sometimes red  around the^e.dges, and someti-
mes becomes  dry near the  tip*   The hands and feet
are generally cold, cough sometimes comes on, in other
cases the brain becomes affected.  Sometimes  there
are frequent relapses, swelled belly,dropsy, and emaci°
ation,  and it becomes the Tabes Mesenterica.
   Treatment.—Abstain from solid food, apply leech-*
es to the  abdomen give castor oil and apply hot fomenta-
tions and sponge the body with warm water.
   If it becomes chrenick use emetic tartar plaster give
laxtivcs  and apply leeches.    If di-npsy comes on, give 
                       16

cream of tartar, calomel, squills and digitalis.
  Symptomatic Fevers are those, where the fever oc-
curs, as a symptom of some other disease.
  The Hectic fever is the plainest example of the sy-
mptomatic fever.
 In all acute inflammations and in many other diseases,
fever occurs as a symptom, and in many primary fev-
vers, inflammation and congestions exist from: the com-
mencement, which render the Nosology imperfect,and
the diagnosis or distinguishing marks obscure,

                HECTIC  FEVER.

  This is a common symptom of the consumption and
of  many other diseases, particularly, inflammation of
the mucous membrane;
    Symptoms.—Great weakness, weak, quick  pulse,
chilliness followed by  heat and jed spots on the cheeks
which is succeeded by copious perspiration.
   The body wastes, the appetitie is impaired the stom-
ach irritable,the breathing anxious and the stools fetid.
Thty patient is  generaly restless and has pains like
rheumatism.
    Treatment. -—If there be dierrhoea  with  pain in
-the bowels, increased by taking cold drinks, and  the
 tongue red or  cankered, watery or  mucous stools, ap-
 ply leeches, emetic tartar plasters and give castor oil.
 : Opium relieves pain, 5 drops of oil of vitriol in water
 will check the-sweating.  Jvnctics and squilb will  be.
 ?9viceable if "here be cough. 
1*
 Eruptive fevers run a certian course and'are attended
With eruptions on the skin, arise from  specific,conta-
gion, and rarely ever occur but once, in the life of an
individual.   These fevers are attended in ail cases,
with inflammation  of, the mucous membranes of the
Organs of respiration, and generally that of the bowels.
   The brain and its membrane are  also commonly
inflamed.   The eruption lessens the danger when it is
sufficiently extensive, and lis sudden recession greatly
increases it, unless it can be  immediately  restored by
the warm bath, blisters, and stimulating liniments.

              SCARLET   FEVER.

       Symptoms  op the cc-ngeitive  form.

 Oppression, great debility, rigors, paleness,sharp fea-
tures, hollow dull eyes, cool surface, especially  the ex-
tremites, while the body may be warm, difficult brea-
thing, variable pulse, sometimes weak and soft, some-
times strong, white shrunk tongue, headache, difficulty
of swallowing, the g'ands of  the throat dark, and swo-
llen, and  sometimes an ash coloured ulceration on
them.  The true congestive  kind is rare.
   The inflammatory form resembles it, but  there is
more heat, and thirst the tongue is rod  around the
edges, and there is nausea, cough and hoarseness.
   About the 2nd, or 3rd day  a scarlet eruption appears
on the face and neck, and soon covers the body, which
declines  in four or five days, when  the cuticle peels
off.
                        3 
18
  Some patches are more red than the rest, by press-
ure a white spot is left, which immediately turns red.
Sometimes dropsy follows  the  first or second week,
sometimes the glands  become so hard and swollen as
to suffocate the patient.
  Sometimes purple spots appear under the skin, blee-
ding takes place,  and  destroys the patient.
  Treatment.—Give laxatives of oil or cream of tar-
tar  and sulphur : rest  and low diet are necessary, and
in mild cases, cure.  If ^he symptoms are severe, cith-
er inflarnmatory, or congestive;  bleed the patient, then
apply  leeches to  the throat.   Cold sponging, in mild
cases,  allays the restlessness, but  in severe cases it
does harm by repelling the eruption, in such  cases,
 warm sponging is better.
  Disolve 1 grain of emetic tartlr in an ounce of water
and give a tea-spoonfull puce in 2  hours.  Soda pow-
ders are good.   Gargles of a tea of red pepper, may
be  used and the patient may inhale the steam  of hot
water, and vinegar from the spout of a tea-pot.
  If the eruption does not come out good, or is suddenly
 repelled, it must be brought out by rubbing the patient
 with spts. of hartshorn, or hot spts. of turpentine, the
 Warm bath, and blisters if  necessary.   Bleeding may
 also be necessary.   Great care is necessary  during
 recovery.
   If dropsy comes on,purgatives and squills and cream
 of tartdr, and  sometimes bleeding are required.    If
. putrid  symptoms appear  treat like the latter stage of
 congestive, fever with wine quinine and snakeroot. 
19
                   MEASLES.

  This disease appears in two  forms, the congestive
and inflammatory.  It resembles scarlet fever in its sy-
mptoms but the eyes and  nose are more affected like
a cold, a tougji phlegm is coughed up, the colour of the
eruption is darker and in dots, rough to the touch, ap-
pearing about the 4th day.
 The treatment is to be the same as that of scarlet fe-
ver, although cold sponging is to be avoided, and a com-
fortable degree  of  warmth is to be kept  up.    The
warm bath gives much comfort in all eruptive fevers.

                  SMALL POX.

  This disease is divided into 1; Distinct, 2;  Conflu-
ent, 3; Modified.
 The distinct Small-pox, commences with  rigors, foll-
owed by febrile symptoms for 2 or 3 days, before the
eruption appears.  In children sometimes convulsions
come on during this period.   The attack is often sud-
den, there i3 vomiting, pain in the head and back, op-
pression at the heart pain at the  pit of the  stomach in-
creased on pressure, cough and difficulty of breathing.
  The eruption  first appears on the face, in the form
of small pimples or swellings; about the third day, a lit-
tle  circle  or bladder appears on the top of each spot
which is soon depressed in the centre, and contains a
clear fluid.  About the 6th day the depression is lost
and the fluid becomes thick.
   When the  pustules are numerous, the parts swell
much and the whole skin becomes red.
   About the 7th day, some on the fac3 burst, and  a- 
                       20

bout the 8th or 9th begin to'dry,and scab over the body.
The swelling which most  affects the hands and  feet
and face gradually declines, but the skin remains a dark
brown colour, for some time.   When properly treated
it is rarely fatal.
   In the  Confluent Small-pox all the first symptoms
are more severe, the pustules run together, the skin ul-
cerates\more, and there  is more  danger.   In both
varieties, salivation  sometimes comes on with sore
throat and pustules in the mouth and throat and the in-
flammation is sometimes so great as to destroy portions
of the skin, making pock marks.
   There is a congestive form, in which there is a pale
surface flat eruptions which never contain matter,  the
oppression and difficulty of breathing are great.
  Treatment.—Bleed freely /and after the eruption ap-
 pears apply leeches and treat it like scarlet fever, open
 the  pustules early to prevent marks and apply spirits
 of hartshorn.
   The modified small-pox is called varioloid, and gen-
 erally occurs in those previously vaccinated.  It is gen-
 erally mild, and is to be treated with salts and soda pow-
 ders, and low diet, and if severe, like  the other kinds of
 small-pox.

           COW-POX OR  VACCINATION.


  The matter should be taken from the arm before the
  10th day of the eruption, and is to be inserted without
  drawing blood.   A genuine vesicle is circular^with a
  distinct smooth swelling  margin,  and a depression in
  the centre,  containing pearl coloured matter.   After
  the 8th day, it  is surrounded by a bright circle, which 
21
declines by the  I2th day, the vesicles turn  dark and
the centre^becomes black has  a smooth snrface and
falls off about the 14th day leaving a-small pit.

       CHICKEN-POX, OR VARICELLA

 In this disease there are rounded prominent pustules
containing  a clear  matter, which  become milky and
then straw-coloured and burst the third, or fourth day.
   Treatment.—Give salts, and if inflammation of the
lungs appears, bleed, and give nauseating doses of e-
metic tartar.

               MIILIARY  FEVER.

   This disease is characterized  by small round vesi-
cles resembling millet seeds, attended  with  fever  and
perspiration, having a sour smell.
   Treatment.—If it come on while any organ is in-
flamed, the inflammation is to be treated without re-
gard  to the eruption.  When it appears under other
circumstances, give oil or salts, avoid  heat  and indi-
gestible food, change the linen often, and rub the body
dry.   Give 5 drops of oil of vitriol in a gill of water
2 or 3 times a day, and a little wine  and bitters.

                    ROSEOLA.

   This is a fever  atended with a rose-coloured appe-
 arance of the skin, without  wheals or pimples, caus-
 ed by indigestible  matter in  the stomach.
    Treatment.—Attend to the bowels, avoid animal
 food and exercise,  for a few days. 
22
       URTICARIA OR, NETTL:■:-'.1 ASH.

  This is a slight fever attended with red wheals hav-
ing' a white  spot in the centre, resembling flea-bites.
   Treatment.—Avoid such  food  as  disagrees with
the stomach, take laxatives,  and if the stomach bo
found to contain indigestible matter, give an emetic.

                    PLAGUE.

  This is a malignant fever resembling typhus, atten-
ded with swellings in the groins and arm-pits.
  Treatment.—Bleed  in the first stage, poultice and
blister the swellings and the feet.   In the more ad-
vanced stage, give echer and laudanum.

                  ERYSIPELAS.

   This id properly classed with inflammation.?, but for
the sa'io of  convenience is inserted here.   It occurs
in all ages,  and varies  from a slight touch to  a deep
inflammation over  the  whole  body.   Sometimes it
spreads  from the skin to deep-seated part3, sometimes
from the deep-seated fascia tojftie skin; in such ca-
ses, gnawing pains are felt months before the skin is
 affected.
   Symptoms.—Pricking pains, beat, swelling, tension
 and redness appear, at first.   Soon a  burning pain is
 felt, with swelling  having a shining appearance  and
 redness, which disappears for a moment, and then re-
 turns and as the diseaes advances beomes purple.
   Blistering takes place and the cuticle peels off as the
 disease declines.  When deep-seated, matter collects
 and  doughiness, or fluctuation may  bs  felt.   Fever 
23
attends  frequently, with coma and delirium, and  the
nOectionof the  skin is sometimes preceded  for  20
days by chilliness, oppression at the heart, cough, diffi-
culty of breathing, pain in the back or head, and leth-
argy.   Sometimes the inflammation suddenly vanish-
es and in a  few hours appears again in the same or
in another place.   During its recession, coma and
even death taken place. Erysipelas may be consider-
ed a  symptom of fever,  or of inflammation of  the
brain, lungs, or bowels.   It  frequently prevails in
asthma, when there is a sudden change  of weather,
and much moisture, and when fruit is plenty.
•   Treatment.—In  the first stage, bleed nearly to
fainting, and repeat it in a few hours,  if necessary  ap-
ply leeches to the inflamed parts, and  also apply cloths
wrung out of warm water. Give salts and nauseating
doses of emetic'tartar, which alone cure slight cases.
  In the last stage give stimulants and quinine, apply
flax-seed poultices, and let out the matter by free in-
cisions.   Weakly  subjects require stimulants in  the
first  stage.

  The remaining diseases of the skin are mostly of a
chronick character andTunattended by fever.  They
may be divided into, 1 ; Papular, 2;  Pustular, 3; Ve-
sicular, and 4; Squamous diseases.

   1.  Papular eruptions are~small elevations under  the
cuticle .generally having an inflamed base, sometimes
though seldom, containing a fluid, commonly termina-
ting in  desquamation cf the cuticle.    Strofulus,  Li-
chen, and Prurigo belong to this class.
   1.  Strofulus is the red, or  white gum of infante, 
24
Caused by feeding with the spoon too early.
  Treatment.   Avoid the cause, and cold, or damp
air, and wash with warm water twice a day.
  2. Lichen, or prickly heat, may be considered the
Strofulus of adults, caused by  heat  and indigestible
articles of food.
  Treatment.   Avoid the causes, use the warm bath,
and apply vinegar.
  3. Prurigo resembles  Lichen, but is more chro nick,
and the itching is greater, and is commonly on the
parts of generation.  It is caused by heat, indigestible
food, ascarides in the rectum, or acrid discharges from
near the  parts.
  Treatment.   Use the  warm bath, and if the inflam-
mation be high, bleed.  Use washes of alum water, or
sugar of  lead.  In severe cases, give the blue»pill, and
add 6 grains lunar caustic to an ounce of  water, and
apply to  the parts.   If  the itching be intolerable use
an ointment of calomel and lard.  If worms cause the
disease, use injections containing spirits of  turpentine*

   Pustular diseases are elevations of the skin, with an
inflamed  base,  in which matter is formed, if not cur-
ed early.  Under this  head ate ; Impetigo,  Porrigo,
Scabies,  Ecthymia, Rupia,  Acne, and Sycosis.
   1.  Impetigo  is the disease  called  running tetter,
ring-worm, or  salt-rheum, and is .frequently caused
by irritating substances applied to the skin.   Small
pustules  appear  Containing a  thin, yellow  humour
which terminate in scabs, resembling Lepra.
   Treatment.  Apply warm fomentations of milk and
water, give a tea-spoonfull  of cream of  tartar and
sulphur twice a day.  Draw blood from the parts by 
25
 a'heedle.  Avoid' irritating the parts and keep out the
 air with oiled silk or court-plaster.  When chronick,
 use washes of alum water, white vitriol, or lunar caus-
 tic.  Give 2 or 3 ounces daily, of a tea of bitter-sweet
 and 5 grains of blue pill.
    %. Porrigo is a contagious disease, of which there
 are two varieties.   The first is called Tinea capitis,
 or scald head.
   Treatment.—Cleanliness,  poultices, and fomenta-
 tions, and the warm bath are important.   Two grains
 of calomel and 6 of rhubarb may be taken every few
 days.  Lunar caustic may be rubbed over  the parts,
 and repeated  as often as the dark-coloured  specks fall
 off.  The pitch cap may be worn, or the hairs  may be
 pulled out with pincers, with success.
    The* second form  of  Porrigo is  more mild, and  is
 commonly on the face of children from which mat-
 ter runs and forms scabs, sometimes on the whole face.
   Treatment.  Use  a mild diet, give gentle doses of
 salts, and scarify the gums, if the child  be teething.
   Apply leeches and  warm fomentations, to the parts,
 also a warm  and weak  solution of sugar of lead, if
 there be much inflammation.
   If it occurs after fevers, and affects the scalp, caus-
ing the hair to fall off, apply leeches to the  abdomen,
also the emetic tartar  plaster use a mild diet and gentle
aromatic laxatives.
 3. Scabies or Itch is too well  known, to need descrip-
tion, and is sometimes papular/pustular, and vesicular,
and is always  attended with a severe itching.
   Treatment.  Take a  tea-spoonful of sulphur alone
or  mixed with  cream of tartar,  for 2 or 3 days.   Then
make an ointment of sulphur, tar and lard,nnd rub it in
                        4 
26
by a warm fire 3 or 4 nights in succession.
r  Ecthymia, and Rupia are varieties of the same dis-
ease, and consist of an eruption of inflamed pustules,
of a large size, raised on a hard circular base, of a vi-
vid red colour, succeeded by thick, hard,dark coloured
scabs.
   Treatment.   Warm bath, small doses of calomel,
and light diet at first, when the tongue becomes clear",
use quinine or bitters, and if there be pain in the chest
apply a blister.
  ' 5. Acne is a hard, small, painful body, chiefly on
the face of young people suppurating after a long time.
    Treatment.   Attend to  the diet and bowels, use
frictions, and the warm bath, and  puncture the pim-
ple early.
    6. Sycosis is nearly the same thing as  acne but is
 found on the parts covered with hair or beard.
   Treatment.  The same as in acne; also extract the
 hair from the part.

   Vesicular  diseases.  A vesicle is a  small otbiculaf
 elevation of the cuticle, containing lymph sometimes,
 at other times whitish, or pearl coloured  matter suc-
 ceeded by a scab.   Under  this head are included}
 Herpes, Pemphigus, Pompholyx.
    1. Herpes.    In this disease the vesicles arise in
  flusters, the fluid in them is at first clear, afterwards
  becomes milky, and in about 12 days, concretes  into
  scabs.   When it arites on the body and goes round it,
  it  is called shingles.   It often comes  on  at the close
  catarrh, bronchitis, arid diseases of the stomach and
  bowels.
     Treatment.    Mild diet, salts, or  cream of tartar, 
27
Lwice a day;~the'warm bath may be used.  If there be
much inflammation, bleeding, leeches and warm fom-
entations may be necessary.
  Open the vesicle early, apply blisters to the neigh-
boring parts, or poultice the vesicles.
  Pemphigus and  Pompholyx are large vesicles, call-
ed bullae or blebs, and frequently occur in fevers.
  Treatment.  The fever that accompanies, must be.
treated according  to.its nature which is generally ty-
phoid.

   Squamous diseases, are those in which no fluid or
matter, is. formed, but scales appear on the parts; Lep-
ra and Psorasis are included, under this head,
   1.  Lepra commences  with red, inflamed, elevated
spots, about the size of a split pea, yielding daily crops
of scales or scurf  and increasing in size, the skin un-
der the scales appearing red  and shining, and free
from  the natural  lines.
  The stomach and bowels are usually affected.
  Treatment,  Salts, oil or cream of tartar should be
used frequently,, and,,occasionally, a dose of calomel.
   Avoid such diet as causes it, especially broth, use
the warrrj.bath daily, or sponge with warm water and
vinegar^ "
   If the inflammation be high, bleed and in old cases-
where the skin is. hard, sulphurous baths or fumiga-
tions  succeed.   If these means fail add  4 grains of
corrosive sublimate to an ounce of spirits, talcs 10 drops
twice a day increasing gradualy to 30 or 40  or use
Fowler's solution of arsenic, commencing with 8 drops,
twice a day.
    Pitiryasis is a very  mild form of lepra,  including 
28
dandruff.
   Treatment.—Quinine and washes of white vitriol.
   Psoriasis or scaly tetter, is similar in its nature to
Lepra, but  the skin is more  tender and cracks form
in it,from which a discharge issues. The spots have not
the regular figure, the elevated border, the inflamed
margin, nor the  circular,  or oval  outline, of leprous
patches.
  Treatment. Wrap  the parts in oiled silk, give the
blue  pill and treat the same as lepra.

       *  PUPURA  HEMORRHAGICA.

   Symptoms.  Bright red  spots appear on the surface
or the legs which soon become purple, and then chan-
ge to brown, or yellow.   The cuticle over them is
smooth, and shining, but not elevated, except in few
cases^when it is raised into vesicles containing black
blood.  Gentle pressure leaves a purple spot and blood
often flows  from some internal organ.
   Treatment  Bleed moderately early in this disease
and  give laxatives.  Vegitable acids such as lemon-
juice may be taken, and applied to the skin.   Sugar
cf lead may be serviceable.
   Bloody sweat.   This  disease is nearly allied tq
the last and requires the same treatment.

               INFLAMMATION.

   The essence of inflammation consists in more blood
 entering by the arteries than can be returned by the
 veins or be made use of for healthy purposes, causing 
29
congestion effusion and dilatation of the vessels which
being overloaded, cannot perform their functions.
  It is caused  by cold,  unwholesome diet, irregular
bowels, and depressing passions,
  Inflammations are divided into acute, subacute, and
chronick.
  Inflammation is characterized by swelling, redness,
heat, and pain.
  The terminations of inflammation are either in res-
olution, effusion, suppuration, or gangrene.
  Resolution  is the termination in a state of health.
Effusion sometimes takes place, and consists either of
blood  making hemorrhage, or of serum,  constituting
dropsy, or by coagulating, it forms adhesions.
 Suppuration is the formation of a straw-coloured mat-
ter, called pus.   When  a cavity is formed for it, du-
ring the inflammation, it is called an abscess; when
on an exposed surface it is  called ulceration.  Suppu-
ration is attended  with  the following] symptoms : 1;
The sharp pain is changed to throbbing: 2; There is a
sensation  of  weight or  fulness in the part: 3;  The
pulse becomes soft and full: 4} Rigors, night ^sweats,
and hectic fever follow.
   Gangrene  is known;  1; By the sudden cessation of
pain:  2;  A  sinking irregular pulse : 3; Exhaustion
appearing in the countenance': 4; Delirium.
   It is remarkble  that when inflammation commences
in one texture of  the body, it  spreads along that with-
out affecting other textures.  The diffierent textures
 arej;  1; The cellular:  2;  The serous membrane: 3j
 The mucous membrane: 4; The fibrous membrane:
 5; The  skin :  6;  The glands.
   1, The cellular membrane is extensive in the body. 
30
Inflammation of it is called, phlegmonous; it is known.
by the throbbing pain, and tends to the formation of
abscesses.
  3. The serous membrane is the firm, close, and al-
most transparent membrane that  lines the inside of
the chest and covers the  heart  and bowels.   Sharp
pain, hard, wiry  pulse, and white tongue, attend in-
flammations of this membrane.   It may end in adhe-
sions, dropsy, or suppuration.
  3. The mucous membrane lines  the inside of the
nose, stomach, bowels, mouth, and windpipe.
   Inflammation of this membrane  is  attended  with,
slighter pain than that of the serous membrane ;  it is
prone to ulceration.
  4. The fibrous membrane is the firm membane that
lies in deep-seated parts.  Inflammation of it is called
rheumatic,or arthritic.    It rarely  proves fatal; but
has a tendency to shift to other parts of the body.
   5.  Inflammation in the skin is called erysipelatous,
and forms vesicles.
    The fear of debility, often deters physicians  from
pursuing an actiye practice which would cure cases that
prove fatal.  The idea of sympathy has often produ-
ced the same effect.   When  the brain becomes aff-
 ected, in the progress of  inflammation of  the bowels;
 it is commonly said to be sympathy; but it generally'
 p/oves to be an inflammation of the brain or dropsy.
   Chronick inflammations are  often called debility to
 the great injury of the  patient; but simple debility
 will  not remain long unless some other disease be
 lurking in the system. 
31
•INFLAMMATION  OF  THE MEMBRANES OF
                  THE BRAIN.

   1.  Sometimes there is a chill, followed  by heat,
 headache, redness of the eyes and face, intolerance of
 light and sound, violent delirium, and pulse above 100.
 In a day or two, coma comes on, followed by convul-
 sions, ending in death
   2.  In other cases, the  first symptom is convulsions,
 but upon close inquiry we learn, the patient has been
 drowsy, inactive, and qut of health, for some time pre-
 viously.  Convulsions, palsy, or coma may follow, and
 death ensue.  .
  3.  In others, the disease comes on with severe head-
 ache, violent terror, loud, and long screaming, and dis-
 turbance of the mind, followed by coma.
   4.  Occasionally, a patient has for a week, a slight fe-
 ver, sound in the ears,giddiness, weight on the crown of
 the head, costiveness, and pulse about  100.  Ac length
 drowsiness or coma comes on, jhe. pupils are  dilated,
 squinting blindness, convulsions and palsy follow.
   5.  A fifth form resembles the last, but there is more
 headache and intolerance of light tad sound, together
 with nausea, pain in the stomach, costiveness and ob-
 stinate vomiting,  followed by coma* convulsions, and
 death.
    fi.  Sometimes, after an acute diease of some other
 kind has been treated for 2 or 3 weeks, restless nights
 and  frightful dreams begin to  disturb him, after the
 first disease appears to be subdued, his strength is sud-
 denly increased, he starts out  of bed, the pulse is weak
  and quick,the extremities cold, and on the cheeks ap-
  pears a small red  ?pot, while  the \est of :ku face is 
32
 deadly  pale, the raving is constant, there is jerking of
 the tendons, picking of the bed-clothes, with the hands
 he wipes  the mouth  or eyes, or he is engaged as  if
 drawing hairs from the face or from the other  hand.
  The tongue becomes parched and brown, palsy, con.
 vulsions and coma come on, and as death approaches,
 the breathing is more difficult, and the pulse weaker.
   7. A person may  have restless nights, frightful
 dreams, scanty and  high-coloured urine, foul  tongue,
 chilliness, impatience, irritability, and dread of exer-
 ertion, for several  days, and he is weak  and his mind
 is disturbed.  At length coma comes on, the case now
 resembles a typhus fever and the patient may  be, be-
 yond the reach of  remedies.
   In  this  disease the pulse is often very variable "the
 same day.  In some cases it is 160, and  in others, not
 70, and either  weak, or strong and intermitting; both
 extremes indicate danger; but the pulse often becomes
 quick by the use of remedies.   In the first stage the
 pupils are contracted, and as it advances, become di-
 lated, or one is contracted, and the other dilated.
   Sometimes they are immoveable, and the white of
 the eyes are redder  than usual.
   Treatment.—Bleed largely  in  the first stage, and
in 2  of  3  hours repeat it, if necessary.  Give  nause-
ating doses of emetic tartar every 2 hours and  30
grains of* calomel as often  as once in  3  or 4  hours.
   Apply leeches to the temples, and cold water to the
head,and let his head lie on bladders filled  with poun-
ded ice.  Apply blisters and  heat to the feet'and
legs.  If the stupor remains great apply cloths  wrung
out of boiling water to the  feet and legs.   During re-
covery opium is useful. 
33
    Inflammation of the substance of the brain  resem
  bles that of  the  membranes and  requires the same
  treatment.
    headache.—If attended with giddiness, or drowsi-
  ness and rigors, keep  quiet, bathe  the feet, and apply
  cold to the head, and  take purges.  Some cases are
  relieved by bleeding and others by nourishing food br-
  andy or opium.  Vertigo or giddiness may be caused
  either by loss of blood, excess of blood, loss of balance
  between the arteries and veins, disorganization in the
  brain, drunkeness, or indigestible substances  in  the
  stomach.

   HYDROCEPHALUS, OR DROPSY IN THE
                      BRAIN.

   1.  In some cases, there are fits of screaming, hot
 skin, quick pulse, bold countenance, red face and eyes,
 convulsions and coma; the child dying  the third, or
 fourth day.
   2.  In other cases, nothing but  peevishness and e-
 maciation appears for some time.
   3.  In some cases, costiveness, or diarrhoea, with fe-
,.ver at night appears at first.   After  some days,  the
 child is quiet when lying down, grinds his teeth;  but
 when raised, is fretful, or cries loudly.
   4.  Some cases come on  in the progress of fever,
 measles, small-pox, hooping-cough, or affections of the
 lungs.  Coma or convulsions come on, as it advances.
   The various symptoms of inflammation of the brain,
 such as ;  contracted, dilated or immoveable pu^il, ap-
 pear in this disease.
   Treatment.—Bleed once or twice in the first stage. 
<S4
  Give nauseating doses of emetic tartar, and  20 or
"30  grains of calomel.   Apply cold to the head, and
heat and blisters  to the feet, and  scarify the gums if
necessary.  In the more advanced stage, apply the e-
metic tartar ointment to the head twice a day.
  Chronick Hydrocephalus sometimes follows the ac-
ute form.
 9. In other cases, the child loses flesh and at length,
"the head enlarges slowly for 'many years, and  the
bones separate.   In other cases, the head does not en-
large ; but the bones become thin, and separate.
  Emaciation and  giddiness are common in this disease,
 together with loss of one or more of the senses.
   Convulsions, foaming at the mouth, and rigidity of
 the muscles, come on.
   Treatment.—Use leeches, blisters, issues and the
 emetic tartar plaster.  Give calomel and occasionally,
 •a little opium to procure rest.

 INFLAMMATION OF THE SPINAL MARROW.

    Symptoms.—Pain in the back, occasionally shoot-
 ing up and down, very severe in one spot,  increased
 on motion, but not on pressure, rigors, fever, headac-
 he, incoherency, and coma.  Rigidity of the muscles,
 convulsions and  retention  of urine, sometimes come
 on, with locked jaw, or the body  bent forwards or ba-
 ckwards.   Sometimes, great pain, sometimes, tinglino-
 is  felt in the extremities, and occasionally palsy comes
 on.  Sometimes there is a dread of swallowing fluids.
  The bowels, at first, are costive, at last the stools and
 urine pass involuntarily.   T'.e  breathing oecomes
  slow as the disease advances.   It generally runs 10 or 
35
15 days.
  Treatment.—General and local bleeding, counter-,
irritants, calomel and opium.

       LOCKED-JAW OR TETANUS-.

  Symptoms—.Pain and stiffness of the muscles of the
neck and shoulders, extending to the  jaw, which be-
comes rigid, attended  by painful spasms, immoveable
jaws, difficulty of  swallowing, loss of speech, anxious
countenance, tightness.and suffocation, and oppression.
at the heart,'violent pain darting from the back to the
breast, slow breathing, and water-dread.
   Treatment.—Bleed nearly to fainting, apply cups
to the spine, keep  the  bowels open, with tobacco injec-
t'ons, give 100 drops  of laudanum every 2 cr 3 hours
and blister the spine.  Give nourishment and wine, be-
fore sinking come? on.   Assafoetida, camphor and
hartshorn may be used.

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  MUCOUS   MEM-
BRANE OF THE BOWELS  AND DIARRH2EA.

   Symptoms—Fever, slight pain about the navel when
 the small intestines are affected, aggravated by taking
 cold drinks, or indigestible food, quick, variable pulse,
 hot, parched skin, moist,  towards morning, thirst, and
 swelling from wind.    In general, the tip and edges'of
 the tongue are red, ror the whole tongue red, raw, or
 smooth like varnished leather.   If the upper part of
 the bowels are inflamed,  there is nausea and  retching,
 when the lower parts are affected, there is pain lower
 down, diarrhoea and discharge of wind, when the colon 
36
is affected, there is a twisting pain, with a strong desire
to  go to stool, with intervals of perfect ease; when
the rectum is diseased  there is straining, and nothing
is  passed but a little  mucus  or scybalous  matter and
wind.  The peculiar discharge of diarrhoea and dys-
entery do not always attend inflammation of thejmu-
cous membrane.
   If acute, bleed, if mild apply 20 leeches, use the
warm bath,  fomentations, and gentle laxatives.    If
there be wind in the bowels, use injections of turpen-
tine or tobacco. Give Dover's powders,  apply mustard
poultices and hot spirits of  turpentine.  If  chronick,
use emetic tartar ointment.
   Symptoms of diarrhoea.—Frequent liquid stools,
fetid, slimy  or watery, sometimes mixed  with small
round, hard masses,  with or without fever, thirst, gri-
ping and tenesmus.  It is a mere symptom.
 .  Treatment of diarrhea.    If produced by cold,
warm bath, Dover's  powders, and warming the extre-
mities.  If by food laxatives. If  by bile, there is nau-
sea or vomiting of bile, bilous stools, pungent sensation
in the rectum, and tenesmus, give a little calomeland
opium, followed by salts, gruel, and elm tea.  If from
constipation, give laxatives, and opium or henbane,and
injections, followed  by opium.  If there be much pain
fever and  hard pulse, bleed, or if too  weak to bleed,
use tobacco injections.  If griping, give injections of
 laudanum and gruel, use magnesia,or calomel and rhu-
 barb followed  by calomel  and opium,  camphor water
 and nitric acid.  Use  diet of lime water ?nd milk, or
 rice.                              .   ,   . 
37
                 DYSENTERY.

  Symptoms—Griping  pains, frequent desire to go to
stool, straining, sometimes copious fluid stools, at other
times scanty, sometimes there is hard balls or blood,
very fetid stools and twisting pain in the bowels.   For
the first few days,the heat and the pulse are not much
increased.  The tongue is loaded, generally red at the
tip, there is urgent thirst, loss of appetite, prostration
of strength and depression of spirits.
   After 2 or 3 days,  fixed pains in the sides  come
on, sometimes very distressing, icreased  on pressure.
   Sometimes there  is  great heat, at other times, the
abdomen only is hot,  while  the rest of the body is
cold, or the extremities ice cold with .frequent rigors.
   The stools become more frequent and scanty, con-
sisting of mucus and blood, or pure mucus, or  they
are watery and dark-coloured,  with some slime like
dirty water tinged with blood.  The fetor and griping
become worse, there is cramp in the legs, suppression
of  urine, great desire for cold water, although it is
bad for him, the tongue is loaded and florid, or dry and
glazed, the skin is parched  or  covered  with sweat,
which in bad cases does not mitigate the  disease.
  ■ When  the  skin is hot, the pulse  in general, will bo
quick, and bounding;  when the extremities are cold,
it will  be weak and thready.   Sometimes the pulse
is' not much changed from the natural state neither are
 the other symptoms very troublesome, until within 24
 hours  of dc.Mli. '  Sometimes there is some appetite
 tor some days, but in  '2 or 3 hours the food  is passed
 undigested, the patient emaciates,  and is despondent, 
38
  Shreds of membrane, or pus are passed, hiccup and
vomiting sometimes come on. Remarkable remissions
sometimes excite hopes of a recovery when the danger
i3r great.
  Treatment.—If there be much griping, hot skin,
aad quick pulse, bleed, and apply cups or leeches.
  Give  castor oil and laudanum or calomel and opi-
um till it operates, then give large  doses of opium in
injections or by mouth as often as there is a stool.
    For wind, give tobacco,  or assafoetida injeections.
Apply hot spirits of  turpentine, or clovos steeped  in.
brandy, or  blisters to the  bowels, and hot bottles to
the feet, and use the  warm bath.

    BOWEL COMPLAINTS OF CHILEREN*

   If it comes on from physic add 4 drops of laudanum
to each dose. Yellow watery stools and brown watery
stools shew excess of bile, give one small dose of cal-
omel followed by castor oil, warm bath and chalk mix*
ture.  Bluish or whitish stools shew too little bile, give
5 or 6, § grain doses of calomel followed by oil.   If
much  mucous and blood be expelled  as from a squirt,
with fever, thirst and restlessness, apply a leech, use
 the warm bath  avoid solid food and  give i grain  of
 calomel, -J-grain of Dover's powder and 2 of aromatic
 powder every  3 or 4 hours, to a child  3 months old.
 If he has a pale face, cold nose, and sharp  features,
 give brandy, water and opium and use the warm bath.

             TABES MESENTERICA.

    Enlargement of the bowels, einacintion.'weaknesi 
S9-
fastidious appetite, thirst, griping, sometimes fever, the
abdomen is doughy or knotty or tense, at first owing
to wind afterwards to effusion, constant purging till he
dies exhausted, or the brain becomes affected and de-
stroys him.
   Treatment, like inflammation of the mucous mem-
brane of the bowels.

             APTH.E,  OR THRUSH.

   Treatment.  Leeches, warm  bath, emetics, laxa-
tives of rhubarb and magnesia, opiates and injections.

              CHOLERA^ MORBUS.

   Give an emetic of a teaspoofull of mustard seed  in
 a large  tumbler of water, if acrid matter is in the
 stomach, apply fomentations to the bowels and heat to
 the extremities.   Give calomel and opium. Give stim-
ulants of brandy when ehxausted. Bleed if it does not
 yield.  A mercurial course may be necessary.   Most
 cases can be cured by giving potatoe starch mixed with
bot water, as it is. used on clothes.

   INFLAMMATION OF THE  PERITONEUM.

   The peritoneum is the lining membrane of the bow=
 els.
   Symptoms. Chilliness, followed by heat is generally
 observed at first, but it sometimes comes on insidiously.
 The pain is sometimes slight, in  other cases very se-
 vere, commonly it is an acute tenderness rather(.than
 pain, sometimes so circumscribed, that the tips oT the 
40
lingers can cover it; but it frequently spreads over the
whole abdomen.
   Tumefaction occurs early, sometimes the pulse is
full, ^strong and 120 or 130 in a minute, at other times
slow or  weak, often natural.   Occasionally, there is
vomiting.   Thirst is a common symptom.   The ton-
gue is, at first, moist and white  but soon becomes dry,
and brown in the centre, and red at the  tip and edges.
The breathing becomes soon affected.   There is head-
ache and frequently delirium.   When  the peritoneal
coat of the stomach is affected, the symptoms are more
violent, the  vomiting is incessant and intractable, the
features collapsed, the pulse small, and the powers of
life sink rapidly.
  Before death, the pulse becomes  weak, and  inter-
mitting, and often, all pain subsides;  in other cases it
continues  to the last, from the  extension of the infla*
mmation.
  Causes.— Cold, fatigue, bruises or wounds.
Treatment.— Bleed freely,  if necessary repeat it in
•2 or 3 hours, apply leeches, and hot fomentations give
laxatives of 2 grains of calomel  and 6 of rhubarb ev-
ry 3 hours and injections frequently, and after the bow-
els are  opened,  an opiate.   If there be  restlssness,
late in tho disease cover the  bowels with blisters.
   Turpentine  injections will remove the.wind from
fhe bowels and  tobacco in the same forrh will reduce
the pulse.

PUERPERAL  PERITONITIS  OR  CHILD-BED
                    FEVER.

   Thia is  exactly (he same  as the last, but modified 
41
by the condition'of the woman and the nature of tWi
prevailing epidemic. Diarrhsea is an unfavorable syrri*
ptom.   The milk almost always disappears.   Often
there is congestion which deceives the physician as to
the true nature of the case.
   Treatment.    If this.disease be  neglected  a few
hours, it commonly proves fatal.  Bleed early and free-
ly, or apply from 50 to 100 leeches.
  In congestive cases, if the surface be cool, if there
be cold, clammy sweat weak irritable pulse, and ghas-
tly countenance, use stimulants with the bleeding, and
after it.   THe warm  bath, stimulating frictions anil
blisters should be used, followed by calomel  and opi-
um, and the application of leeches.

            CHRONIC PERITONITIS.

   Symptoms.— Pains coming jn :paroxysms, a sense
of weight, at other times  a pricking sensation only is
felt.   The belly is tumid wich  occasional tightness,
the body emaciates, the strength declines, the pulse is
quick, and  there is thirst arid  restlessness.   The
tongue is loaded, or red, there is costiveness at first^af-
terwards diarrhoea.
   In all cases there is a sense of weight after a meal.
It sometimes terminates in a  few  weeks, in other
cases, the patient lies 18  months.    In the last days,
the features shrink, great emaciation takes place,some-
times death appears to be owing to the patient  being
worn out, in other cases costiveness,  resembling Ileus
carries off the  patient.
  Treatment,   Apply  leeches or cups, counterirrit-
ants. and hot applications.  The warm bath, and gen-
                         6 
4*
 tie laxatives combined with henbane, should be used
 assisted by large tepid, unstimulating injections.  The
 diet should be of the lightest kind.   Turpentine injec1-
 tions may be used to remove the wind.

               ASIATIC  CHOLERA.

   Symptoms of the first stage.  Flatulence, nausea
 acidity, griping pains, diarrhsea, oppression at the heart,
 dizziness, headache and sound in the ears.
  Treatment in the first stage.  If the stomach be load-
 ed, mix a table-spoonfull  of musturd flour with a tea-
 Hpoonfull of warm water, adding a tea-spoonfull of salt,
 and give it at once as an emetic.  If the stools contain
 hard masses of feculent matter,  give a small dose of
 castor oil, or a  mild injection.   If the stools be wae-
 ry, and copious, give 2 grains of calomel and 1 of opi-
 um, every half hour or hour or introduce a few grains
 6'f bpium into the rectum.   Use the warm bath and put
•the patient to bed.  If the patient be robust, and tem-
 perate, bleeding cups, and leeches are useful.   Salts
 should  be prohibited.   The heat of the body must bo
 kept up, and the strength supported by stimulants.
  Small  quantities of the  lightest food, are to be'u-ied,
 and copious draughts of liquid avoided.  Fever and af-
 fections of the head follow flhis state, and are to bo
 treated accordingly.  Rest and attention to the stom-
ach and bowels,must be observed, to prevent relapses.
   Symptoms of the 2nd stage.   The stools resemble
gruel or areVatery,mixed with flakes of curdy matter,
sometimes like water in which fresh beef has been
soaked, and smell like fish macorating in water, soim--
 hTners, in the worst cases  the stools look like   the leca 
43
of port wine.
   Tho deair3 to go to stool is iresistiblc, and instanta-
neous,  tenesmus is  great, accompanied, with heat
and griping.   There is heat in the stomach and copi-
ous vomiting.  The abdomen feels doughy, the thirst
is great, the dizziness and sound in the ears increase.
Cramps are common.   The urine is  suppressed.
  The voice  is whispering, the respiration weak,  the>
pulse scarcely perceptible, and not at all in some  ca-
ses, hours before death.    The tongue is cold and
shrunk.  The patient tosses about, and has a horror,
at  warm applications.  The  body is cold before death,
but becomes warm immediately after.    The  nails,
and sometimes the face and whole body are  blue.
The blood  does not coagulate, nor separate any  se-
 rum.  The body is. qo\ ered with a cold exudation.
  Treatment.   Apply dry heat.   Ice is good to al-
lay thirst, camphor dissolved in ether, helps the- sick*
ness at the stpmach.  Opium must be given to check
diarrhaea.,   Stimulants must be used,when the action
of  the heart is feeble.   Tight bandages, and frietiona
relieve the spasms.
  Symptoms of the 3rd stage.   Fever comes on, eo-
ma, bilious vomiting, palpitations and convulsions.
  Treatment.   Use counterimtants, and sometimes
bleed and  apply leeches, camphor laudanum and spir-
its of  nitre increase the urine.  Shave  the head and.
apply cold water,

           DIFFICULT DENTITION.

   Children commonly  commence  teething between
the Cth. and 8th.  month, and the fir9t set, 20 in numb- 
44
er is usually"eompleted at the age of 2 years ftud a
half.   When it is difficult the child is restless, fever-
ish, fretful, screams often, and sleeps little. The bow-
els are out of order and  the stools fetid.   Sometimes
the blood is determined to the head, causing the child
to cry  when lifted up; also  causing starlings, spasms
of the muscles of the face, and even convulsions.1
   Sj.ne are troubled with coug'i and wheezing, some
with costiveness, others with disrrhsea.  Eruptions on
the skin and swelling of the  glands of the neck are of-
ten observed; inflammation of the eyes, and sores ba-
hind the ears, sometimes occur.
   Treatment.—Cut down to the tooth with a lancet,
use laxatives, and the warm bath in severe cases; if.
the face be flushed, let the child sleep without a cap on
a pillow of fine shaving3.   If  this do not cure, apply
cold water to'the head and  leeches  to the feet, and
give laxatives  freely.   If convulsioms come en, use
the. warm bath, open a win, apply leeches, sprinkle
the face with cold water, and rub the skin with stimu-
lating liniments.    Cough, arising from  irritation in
the throat may  be cured with squills, but if there be
bronchitis, leeches and counter-irritants must be used.
When thelung3 are loaded with mucus give an emetic.
Diar.rhaea should not be suddenly checked; give castor
oil, and apply warm fomentations if attended with pain,
 if this do not succeed, apply 2 or 3 leeches and give a
 grain of  Dover's powders.
   Eruptions on the skin should hardly be meddled  with,
 enjoin cleanliness, cover with oiled silk, if much  infla-
 med,  apply leeches.  Glandular swellings may be let
 alone, unless painful, in this case, leeches,  fomenta-
 tions,, or  warm  poultices may  bo used, and if matter 
4«
collects open it early.   Ulcerations behind tho ears
Bhould be washed with warm milk and water, and fo-
mentations applied to the dressings before they are re-
moved.  Occasional opiates give relief,

DISEASES OF THE  MOUTH  AND THROAT.

  If the mouth be sore from the use of mercury,  or.
olher metallic poisons, apply leeches and use a wash,
of chlorate of soda or chlorate of lime.   A swollen,
painful or slightly ulcerated tongue is often caused  by
a morbid state of the stomach.
   Apthoe consists of white specks, vesicles, or ulcera-
tions on the tongue and mouth.   In mild cases, give
laxatives forbid  solid food and use the warm bath.'"
   If severe the  disease extends to the stomach and
bowels.   The child is often drowsy, many hours bef-
ore the spots appear; often the symptoms are mitiga-
 ted by their appearance.  Children have pain, griping,
 sour,acrid stools and prolapsus ani, the surface around
 being sore. Successive crops of canker appear resem-
 bling  curdled milk  adhering  to the tongue : they,  be-
 come yellow and. seem to slough off, leaving the parts
 raw or dry and  hard, and occasionally foul and dark-
 coloured,  with a fetid smell-   Often, cough  attends
 from the disease extending into the, air passages.
    Treatment.—Apply leeches to the abdomen,  use
 tbe warm bath and stimulating applications, or the e-
 metic tartar ointment.   Give oil, or rhubarb, followed
 by injections composed of gruel and a  few drops of
 laudanum.  Whey mixed with cream, or thin gruel
 may be used as a diet, avoiding soups, if the strength
 be sinking, give a  little wine.   A tea-spoonfull of a 
                        40

weak solution of chlorate of godacomYncd with a lit'
tie laudanum is useful.  Gargles often do mischief.

     INFLAMMATION OF THE LARYNX.

 The larynx is the upper part of the windpipe, which
helps to draw the breath and form the voice.
   This disease resembles cro^p; there is a painful
constriction in the throat, increased on pressure speak-
ing* or swallowing;  the  voice is hoarse  the  breathing
laborious and shrill, there is heat, thirst, rapid pulse,
and great anxiety.    On  looking into the i/.roat, the
glands appear swollen, of a dark red colour, or coated
with  lymph.    In some cases the cover  of  the wind-
pipe is  diseased, which  renders the  motion  of tho
tongue painful.  There  is constant hawking and occa-
sionally, a tough  phlegm is spit up.  As the  disease
advances, the face swells aud turns purplo, and suffo-
cation destroys life. It somtimes runs its course in 30
hours.  There  are spasmodic periods of great  sever-
ity, the head  is thrown back, the tongue is protruded,
there is a wild look and pale lips.
  Treatment.—Precisely like  that of  croup.
  In the chronick form of the disease, there  is pain,
some  fever, cough, difficulty of breathing, long inspir-
ation, sound like that of croup, hectic fever,  ropy  mu-
cus spit up, husky voice, frequent pulse, dry an J cher-
ry-red tongue.
  Tkeatmemt.—Apply leeches  daily, and use  blisters
repeatedly.  Attend to the bowels and diet, enjoin re3t
and silence.  Tar and other vapours havo  been  rec-
ommended. 
47
                      CROUP.

    This disease  commences  like a catarrh, there is
some fever, preceded by chilliness, the voice soon be-
comes hoarse, the fever increases, and  in a day or
two, the breathing is more impeded: at length.it be-
comes creaking cr has a crowing sound, and the voice
'and cough are very shrill.  The  cough is dry at first,
but after a while  masses of lymph resembling a mem*
brane  are discharged by coughing.
   As the disease advances  the countenance is filled
with anxiety, the lips and cheeks  are swollen arid pur-
ple,  alternating with a deadly paleness, the pulse is
frequent  and small and sometimes intermits, the  pa-
tient is restless his strength is prostrated, his extrem-
ities cold, the body  is covered with a cold,  clammy
sweat, and the child dies of  suffocation.  It genertilly
lasts from 2, to 4  c'ays.  Often, there is a sudden in-
crease of all the  symptoms, and  again, they become
more mild, the child  lakes focd and runs about, often
'a short time  before death.     In this disease a false
membrane partly fills the wind-pipe.   Bronchitis is
tften connected with it, and when it is, there is but lit-
tle  hope of cure.
  treatment.—If there be no great collection of mu-
cus from previous disease, bleed  the child and  follow
it with leeches.  Dissolve 2  grains of emetic  tartar
in 2 ounces of water and give a tea-spoonfull once in
5 minutes till full vomiting is excited.   Give 3  or 4
grains  of  calomel every hour, for 36 hours, also jal-
ap and oil, to excite quick and free  purging.
  Ub«  the warm  bath occrV.aually, ihrt -vgh the  wfcola 
4*
 •ourse of the disease.   Blisters  and mustard  poul-
tices  should  be used after  bleeing   The  hive syrup
 and a little of tho infusion of lobelia are good in croup.

              SPASMODIC  CROUP.

   Symptoms.  Coldness over the whole surface, and
 laborious breathing.  During inspiration, a long sharp
 shrill sound is heard, coughing  and weeping, attended
 with  a hoarse croaking voice.   There  is a tightness
 in  the throat great anxiety in  the  countenance, and
 a purple colour, on the cheeks and lips.
   Treatment.   Use the hot bath  first.  An emetic
 "should be given and some  blood drawn.   It common-
 ly terminates in health, after  a copious perspirution.

              CROWING DISEASE.

   This disease usually commences with teething.
   The breathing is shrill, the face pale or flushed, the
 child appears terrified, clings to its nurse wtih its eyes
 Buffused with tears. Th«-re may be one such attack du-
 ring the day or the child may be constantly affected.
    After the first pair of teeth are cut,  it may not ap-
 pear  till the next  irritate the  gums.  Sometimes it is
 connected with bronchitis which makes it dangerous.
    Treatment.—IT there  be fever  apply leeches,
 givo laxatives freely.  Scarify the gums, and uro  the
 warm bath.   A few  grains of calomel  may  bo  giv-
 en if the stools  appear bad.
     Use the  solution of emetic tartar^s an  emetic, or
 give a littlf once  in three  hours to  reduce  tho  fever.
 'ff he he'ad \» hot  axiaYe it, keep it cool and apply emeU 
49
ic tartar  ointment  to it for a few weeks.   Calomel
should be  given frequently.

                   ASTHMA.

'  Sometimes the patient is seized, with this disease
during a sound steep, and awakes with a sense of suf-
focation.  On the approach of the paroxysm, there is
a sense of coldness, tightness in the chest and difficul-
ty . of breathihg, increased on lying down.  The pa-
tient  wishes more  air, there is occasional cough
which he tries to promote, there is wheezing, or whis-
tling sound in expiration.   The eyes have an anxious
expression.   After  some days, or hours, there is a re
mission, preceded by expectoration.
  Chronick Bronchitis, Congestion, and  Empysema
(which is  an enlargement of the air-cells or rupture of
them) and any thing that affects the nervous system,
are causes of asthma.
  Treatment.—If there is any acute action  or con-
gestion in  the lungs, bleed early in the fit.   Put the
feet in warm water, give laxatives and emetics. Use
counterirritants. Strong coffee is said  to be good, also,
lobelia and skunk's cabbage. Valerian, liquorice squills
and Hoffman's anodyne are good.  A  poultice of hops
and flaxseed, relieves the paroxysm.  Galvanism af-
fords relief.

               HOOPING-COUGH,

  This disease eomes  on like a common cold, with a
dry cough, tightness in the chest,  and weight in the
head.  The  eyes arc swollen, and sed from frequent 
50
sneezing.  At  last a peculiar sound follows expiration
while coughing, called the whoop.  Tho expectoration
is at first,slight,  scanty and viscid, but if it go on favor-
ably, it is more  copious and less tenacious.    Bleeding
at the nose or lungs, sometimes takes place.
   Treatment.— If there be fever, or any difficulty of
breathing between the paroxysms, bleed, if the child
be over 2 years old and robust.    Leeches applied to
the throat are useful.  Give  a teaspoonfull of the so-
lution of emetic tartar once in 3 hours, if there be signs
of  inflammation, and one or two emetics in the first
stage, and several in the last, if the lungs remain load-
ed with mucus.   White vitriol makes^the best emetic
in the last  stage, and emetic tartar, or lobelia in the
first.   Gentle purgatives of  castor or olive oil should
be given together with 5 drops of laudanum to a child
2 yeas old.   An occasional opiate, and the warm bath
are serviceable.  Blisters are necessary in very acute
cases, but in others, the emetic tartar ointment, or plas-
ter, should be used for 2 or 3 weeks, which will gen-
erally cure.  30 grains^of cochineal and a dram of salt
of tartar  may be steeped in a teacup'full of hot water
and a tea-9poonfull, given 3 times a day.   Some phy-
sians say it w.ill cure in a week.   During recovery,
sponge the body, with cold vinegar and  water, 2  or 3
times a day.

      INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS.

  Symptoms.   Shivering, followed by a hot stage of
considerable severity, except in congestive inflamma-
tion where coldness predominates.   The  br^.i thing is
quick and diflioultjAut the patient n no' >'lw4j 3 aware 
51
of it.   There is a ftghtness, or dull  pain in the chest
a short perpetual cough, dry at the commencement.
 It continues distressing and obstinate. The expecto-
ration is scanty, thick and streaked with  blood, some-
times resembling currant jelly, sometimes like brick-
dust, mixed with thick mucus.   It is very  tenacious,
and adheres to  the vessel firmly,   The  tongue soon
becomes parched and dark-coloured;  a dry glossy
tongue and delirium occuring early, are bad signs.
   The  poise often rises in force and frequency, on
bleeding.    It is sometimes fatal when  the pulse' does
not exceed the  natural standard.   A transfer of th
disease  sometimes takes place to the  brain,  and be
comes a dangerous inflammation, of that organ.
   Mental aberration  often ocours after  the disease has,
been  subdued  by  extensive bleeding,  which  soon
yields to opium, and  stimulants.   The patieiit gener-
aly lies on his back.
   In  the  first stage  we hear by the stethescope the
crepitus rattle,  resembling  sprinkling fine salt on tho
fire.  In the 3rd stage when pus like matter is formed
the mucous rattle is  heard.
   • Treatment.   Bleed from a large  orifice  near to
fainting,  early in the disease, and  ref^at it, 2 or  8
times if necessary.   Use elm or. flaxseed  tea, and  a
diet of gruel.   Give nauseating doses of emetic tartar,
and a purgative after the first bleeding.  Use blisters
and daily  injections,  if the  emetic tartar does not move
the bowelsaufficienily.  Use but little liquids, give opi-
um during the  decline. 
                         52

                   PLEURISY.

  Symptoms.  A cold stage generally ushers in this dis
ease.    There is a fixed  pain in the side like a stich
dr stab, over which he can place his finger catching
and interrupting his breathing  now and then, espec-
ially when he fills his lungs to a certain extent.  The
breathing is difficult, anxious and short, not so heavy
and oppressed, as in the other diseases, that have been
described.  There, is a thin watery expectoration the
pulse is generally quick, hard, and the skin hot.  The
tongue is at first furred, but soon becomes dry.  The
urine is scanty and high-coloured.  The head is some-
times affected.
  Treatment.   The same as in inflammation of the
lungs.

                PLEURODYNIA.  *

  This is a disease of the muscles of respiration, and
resembles pleurisy.
  Treatment.   Use the warm bath, put a bandage
round  the chest, and give a dose of Dover's powders.
  If this does not give speedy relief, bleed and use em-
etic tartar.

             CHRONIC  PLEURISY.

  Symptoms.   Dry tickling cough, difficulty of breath-
ing which is easier in. an erect posture, hectic  fever
and enlargement  of one side of the chest, difficulty of
 lying except on the diseased side.
   Treatment.  Let out the matter. 
l*3
               SPITTING  BLOOD.

  Treatment.—If the affection be serious, bleed near-
ly _ to fainting, give laxatives  freely, and nauseating
dosesof emetic tartar.   Enjoin perfect rest and si-
lence. Give 2, 3 or 4 grains of sugar of lead, every 3
or 4 hours, or 20 drops of spts. of turpentine in  a glass
of sweetened water every 20 minutes, or give com-
mon salt.

                CONSUMPTION.

   If a person take cold easily, if  his lungs are easily
irritated so as to produce coughing, is of a spare habit
and  ill-formed chest, and if many of his predecessors
have died of Consumption; he is in great danger of
the disease.
   If an affection of the lungs continues longer than
usual in spite of proper  remedies, used  early, there is
danger of tubercles.  If he  continues coughing look-'
ing pale with frequent pulse and  increasing difficul-
ty of breathing, and expectoration of almost colourless
mucus, if the sound be  dull on percussion, if the res-
piratory murmur be indistinct: it is almost certain he
has a consumption.
   If he wastes away,  and  his skin becomes  discol-
oured, if he has shooting pains in the  upper  part of
the fchest, with frequent cold shivering  and  sticky
sweat, if the nails turn in and the pulse increase, if
the  expectoration  look  cream-coloured and  granular,
adhering to tbe vessel, or like  milk and water, with a
cheesy looking matter  floating on it;  it  is still more
certain.   If he spits blood, now and then, if his hair 
51
looks mangy, witb  increasing weakness, if the sound
in the upper part of the chest becomo clear, if a gur-
gling/ioise bo heard, or if,4when tho person speak tho
sound of the voice is clear  through  the stethescope,
without doubt he has the consumption.   In consump-
tion,, there is sometimes spitting of blood, aftor somo
time hectic  fever and severe sweats come on.  Dia-
rrhoea generally appears.  The tongue looks different
in different  cases.
  Treatmtnt.—Make an  issue of caustic potash, keep
it discharging, give squills and elm tea,pand opium at
night.   When there is fever give 20 dropsof  tincture
of digitalis, 3 times a day, gradually increasing  the
dose, ^and 10 drops of tincture of Iodine as often, o-
mitting it, every other week.   Remove severe pains
with small  bleedings  and >counter-irritants, diarrh ea
with opium  and leeches, or  by ^wo grains and a half
of alum and as  much sulph&je of iron.   Warm cloth-
ing and a  light nourishinydiet should be used,  and
costiveness  avoided by bran bread and croam.

       INFLAMMATION  OF THE  LIVER.

   Symptoms of the acute form.   Chilliness,  followed.
by heat, yellow fur on  the tongue, costiveness, whi-
 tish, clay-coloured stools; or they  are dark at  first and
 become whitish as the disease advances.  Sometimes
 a dark-coloured matter like grumous blood is vomited
 or passed by stool. The urine is scanty, and  high-col-
 oured, the  skin is.dry, hot, and  harsh; there is diffi-
 culty of breathing, and anxiety of countenance, thir3t,
  nausea and vomiting, which is sometime intractable.
   The pulse is sometimes quick,  strong and hard.   In 
55:
 *he most acute form, the pajn is severe, increased on
 pressure, accompanied by swelling and tension of the
 abdomen.   Pain is sometimes felt at the tip  of tho
 right shoulder. The patient prefers lying on  the right
 side.   There is* commonly cough, a yellow  tinge on
 the skin, and sometimes  hiccup.  Bleed freely, and
 repeat  it in a few hours, apply cups or leeches  give
 gentle laxatives daily, assisted by injections.  Use the
 warm bath and counter-irritants a long time.  The di-
 et should consist of gruel.
   Symptoms of chronick liver complaint. A dull drag-
 ging pain in the right side, fever, dry, parched skin,
 irregular bowels,  generally Costive, scanty, high-col-
 oured urine,  swelling of the abdomen, sallow counte-
 nance and frequent attacks of jaundice.  There is a
 pain in  the right shoulder, and sometimes Weakness in
 the right arm.   There is a yellow fur oh the tongue,
 the  appetite is bad, and an erupcion often attacks the
 face and back ; the patient has bad nights and often,
 griping, diarrhoea and piles, and commonly a very dry
 skin.
   He may die of dropsy,or of an acute attack of liv-
 er complaint.   Sometimes the disease is difficult to de-
 tect there being little or no pain.
   Treatment.-—Bleed once  or twice if the  strength
 will admit of it, and if the pain and fever seems to de-
 mand it.   Use the warm bath and counter-irritants.
 Give a blue pill every  night and some other physick
 in tho morning, until  iheFe is a coppery taste in the
 mouth, and the saliva flows more freely than natural;
 then stop its use, a few days; and repeat the course
if necessary.  The compound tincture of gentian us'
 nd as directed in dyspepsia is good, in the sequel- 
56
Two or three gains.of ipecac should bo give'n 3 turns
a day,  to remove the dryness of the skin.  The nitro-
muriatic acid bath and a tea of dandelion are useful.

                   JAUNDICE.

   symptoms.—Nausea, vomiting, a dull pain or sense
of weight in the right ,side, yellow, furred tongue,
scanty, green, or  yellow urine, costiveness, whitish
stools,  and the, skin and whites of the eyes yellow.
   Treatment.—If it arises  from diseased liver, it
'must be treated as a symptom ; if from functional de-
rangement,  give 1  or 2 emetics, repeated laxatives,
and the blue pill'; together with the nitro-muriatic ac-
id bath.  If there  be pain, apply cups or leeches and
use' counter-irritants and the warm  bath.
   Gall-stones, in  passing from the  gall-ducts to the
intestines, cause violent paroxysms of pain, sometimes
swelling of the  abdomen  from wind, sometimes cos-
tiveness, in other cases diarrhsea with  a discharge of
mucus.
 Treatment.—Sometimes bleeding is good.  Use the
warm  bath and hot fomentations, and give large doses
of opium, using laxatives at the same time.  Insomo
cases,  emetics are  useful, and in some leeching or cup-
ping is necessary.

     INFLAMMATION  OF THE SPLEEN.

 Symptoms.   Fever, heat, tension, tremor and pain,in-
creased on pressure in the left side.   Persons with this
disease are liable to discharges of blood, there is debil-
ity, paleness, hectic bluenessof the white of the eye.i, 
5*
cold  extremities, pale shriveled skin, indistinct ague*
short imperfect respiration, impaired appetite, and im-
perfect digestion, weakness, and despondency.
  Treatment.   When there is fever, bleed and give
half a large spoonfull of cream of tartar and jalap as
a purge.   In chronic cases use the following mixture;
jalap, columbo; ginger pulverized, cream of tartar, one
ounce of each.   Sulphate of iron half a dram; tincture
of senna 4 drams; spear-mint water 10 ounces; mix,
and give to an adult 1£ ounce at 6 o'clock A. M. and
another at  eleven.  For children give  enough to pro-
cure  3 or 4 stools daily.    After 10 days substitute
some other physic and bitters for  a few days.

       CATARRH, OR  COMMON  COLD.

 Symptoms. Chilliness, followed by slight fever, sneez*
ing, hoarseness, impaired appetite, cough and a slight
degree of wheezing.  The bowels are generally out
of order,  and there is an increase of the fever and dif-
ficulty of breathing at night,  sometimes it is confined
to the nosejand head.  When it prevails epidemically
it is called influenza, in which there is commonly great
oppression and prostration of strength, owing to irreg-
ular distribution and accumulation of  the blood in the
lungs.  Cause.   Cold  when the  body  is unprotected.
  Treatment.—In severe cases bleed; in slight cases
confinement to one room sndorifics, laxatives, bathing
the feet in hot water,  applying  drafts, and using  a
mild diet, are sufliciant; em-uios and the  warm bath
are good.
8 
58
                 BRONCHITIS.

   This disease asises from  cold and is an inflamma-
tion of the  same membrane,  that is diseased in ca-
tarrh.   But in catarrh, that  part of the mucous mem-
brane that lines the nose and larynx and trachea is af-
fected, in bronchitis that which lines the air-tubes of
the lungs.   Slight cases of  bronchitis are sometimes
called catarrh.  If one lobe of the lungs only, is affect-
ed, or  if the disease  be moderate  though  extended
through both lobes, the symptoms are slight.
   Symptoms op  acute  bronchitis.  Chilliness, suc-
ceeded  by fever, hoarseness, difficulty of breathing
dry  cough,  stricture across the breast, oppression
about the heart, loss of strength, furred tongue and cos-
tiveness.  The fever increases at night.   In a day or
two, expectoration takes place which gives momenta-
ry  relief; but the  breathing  becomes more difficult;
much worse than  the cough; there is a sense of suffo-
cation and the  pulse becomes rapid.
   The lips  and cheeks become  deadly pale,  or pur-
ple, and the  patient has to be raised  to have more air:
A loud wheezing  is heard as it adVances, the motion
of the chest  increases, the  patient becomes insensible,
rattling is heard  in the throat,  the  face  and  extrem-
ities become cold, a cold sweat bedews the ,'skin, and
death ensues.   Sometimes headache is severe.  The
worst cases are those where the pains are slight, the
pube but little increased, and the sense of oppression
great.
   In infants and  children it commences  like a com-
mon cold, the  shoulders and  nostrils  are  in constant
motion, and the addomen becomes prominent from tho 
59
 difficulty of breathing.  Sore throat accompanies and
 he suffers so much from coughing that he tries to sup-
 press it; wheezing comes on which is  more decided
 than the hard  breathing, expectoration relieves until
 more phlegm is formed, »A child under 5 years rarely
 spits it up except when he vomits: children refuse food
 but are thirsty, but cannot drink, or nurse, long for the
 Want of breath. They cry and trhow their heads back
 quickly.  Often the voice and the cough are as shrill
 as  in  the croup, for which  it may be mistaken.   If
 the cough cease while the mucus at the sime time fill
 the lungs, the child dies of suffocation unless vomiting
 is excited.
   The breathing is often free and  easy, then gradual-
 ly worse; and  again,  suffocation is suddenly threaten-
 ed and coma comes on, the  face turns purple and the
 child dies.
   At first, the expectoration is scanty and thick;  by
 degrees, it becomes more ,thin and copious; at length
 it resembles  starch mixed with small bubbles of air
 occasionally streaked  with a little blood   If the case
 do well, it gradually diminishes, and becomes slightly
 yellow is confined to the morning, and at length ceas-
 es.  It sometimes, runs into chronick Bronchitis.
  In the first stage, by applying the ear to the chest,
or using  the  stethescope,  a  snore,  or harsh, brazen
sound  is heard,  When so strong as to  resemble the
prolonged scrape  of the bow on the string of a music-
al instrument,  or the  cooing of a wood-pigeon, there
is redness and  swelling at  the  forks of some of the
principal tubes.   As the  disease advance, the wheez-
ing is heard, called the mucous rattle.  This sound is
heard over  the whole chest in chronick  Bronchitis 
60
when attended with expectoration,  but when there is
none, a loud snoring sound like the cooing of a wood-
 Jiigeon is heard.   Mucus, in the tubes, causes a sound
 ike the chirping of birds, and a clicking sound like
the action of a valve.
  Treatment.—Bleed almost to fainting, early in the
first stage but aviod it when the lungs are loaded with
mucus.  If the lungs become suddenly congested in
the more advanced stage, bleeding is necessary.
  Leeching and cupping ere useful after bleeding.
 Give nauseating doses of emetic tartar.  Emetics are
 good in the first stage, and absolutely necessary in the
 last.   Salts and senna  or oil is  necessary, and  if
-the liver be affected 2 grains of calomel and 5 of rhu-
 barb or jalap should be given.  Elm tea is useful, but
 expectorants and sudorifics are of no use except  in
 the chronick form.
   Opium  is sometimes useful  in the first stage after
 bleeding, by checking irritation that might bring on a
 relapse; but it is a dangerous medicine in  the last,
 if there is any mucus in the air-passages.
   Blisters should be freely used after  the inflamma-
 tion has been partly subdued by bleeding.  The warm
 bath is useful, and the extremities must  be kept warm.
 The  diet should be .light, and stimulants avoided, ex-
 cept  in  the  last stage when the patient  is too weak
 to cough, in which case, the frequent use of small
 quantities of ether or brandy may  save  the  patient
 from death.  Rest/and silence must be enjoined.
    During recovery, the bowels must be kept  regular
 and the clothing warm.   Bitters are sometimes good.
 Counter-irritants should be kept up  for some  weeks. 
61
          CHRONICK BRONCHITIS.

   This disease is most  frequent in" old pople," and
those much exposed to dust.  It  also occurs after e-
ruptive fevers.   It is often called consumption, and
sometimes gives rise to asthma and dropsy.
  Symptoms.—-The expectoration ^is [copious, opaque
or yellow, sometimes composed of pus and occasion-
ally it has a greenish hue, there is cough and difficul-
ty of breathing-  Sometimes the patient seems to be
cured, but has frequent returns uutil he becomes un-
able to lie in a horizontal posture, and has an habitual
asthma.
   Treatment.—Bleeding  is necessary if ecute in-
flammation or dropsy comes on, or if the iungs become
.suddenly  congested with blood.   Emetics should be
frequently given  in the morning, or at night.   The
bowels must  be attended to and the warm bath used if
the skin be dry and harsh.
   Steep a table-spoonfull of squills in a tea-cupfull of
vinegar, sweeten it, and give a tea-spoonfuU 3 or 4
 times a day ; if there be fever give nauseating  doses
of emetic tartar. Blisters,or counter-irritating plasters
 are necessary.  Issues, made with caustic potash and
 soap are good.  Balsam of copavia has been service-
 able in doses of 10 drops 3 times a day.  Tar-water
 is also good.
    After the active  inflammation  is over 10 drops  of
 the tincture  of Iodine 3 times a day is of great uso.

  CYNANCHE  TONSILLARIS,  OR  QUINSY.

   The swallowing in  this disease is difficult and pain- 
62
Cul, the tonsils, uvula, and palate, are swollen and vas-
cular.  Loss of appetite, thirst, headache, and  fover,
and sometimes delirium attend.   White spockn,  and
sometimes ulcerations are seen.  Tho disease  termi-
nates  in resolution,  suppuration,  or  ulceration  and
sloughing.
  Causes.—Cold, and disordered stomach and bowels.
  Trs.u.uent.—Bleed  in the first stage if severe, or
apply leeches, and scarify the. glands.   Blisters, lax-
atives and emetics may be used.  The best gargle is
a little warm water, or an acidulated infusion of roses.
Let the patient inhale the vapour  of warm water and.
vinegar from the spout of a tea-pot several times a day.
   When matter collects open it early.  In chronick
cases,  repeated  blisters  should be used.  Wash  the
parts;  add six grains of lunar caustic to an ounce of
rain-water and apply to the ulcerated surfaces.

    INFLAMMATION OF  THE PHARYNX.

  In this disease, the tonsils are not always inflamed*
but in a strong light, the throat is seen vascular  and
loaded with thick  lymph, which causes hawking  and
spitting.   The difficulty of swallowing is often great-
er than in quinsy.
  Treatment.—Bleed, blister, inhale the vapour of
hot water  and  give laxatives.   In chronick cases,
with ulcerations, uso black  oak-tea gargles, or a solu-
tion of lunar caustic.

    INLAMMATION  OF  THE  CESOPHAGUS.

  This disease is very  u-nususl.  There is great difli- 
63
 culty of swallowing and efforts to vomit, which causes
 pain.  If it ulcerates, constriction takes place.
    Treatment.—Use extensive counter-irritation, lo-
 'Cal bleeding, and after  the inflammation is over, give
 TlOu'rishing injections, and dilate with a bougie.
   Tumours, fleshy excrescences, and  schirrous  con-
 tractions are sometimes found in the oesophagus.
   Treatment.—Use the bougie, and.if there be pain
 leeching, counter-irritation, 4and narcotics should be
 tried.

         DYSPEPSIA,  OR INDIGP]STION.

   Cause's.—1.  Functional derangement of the stom-
 ach, liver, or spleen; 2.  Structural or organic derange-
 ment of these organs;  2.  Indigestible, or  acrid  sub-
 stances; 4. Costiveness; 5.  Diseases in other organs.
  First stage.  Fulness aud uneasiness in the stomach
 acid eructations, costiveness,  loaded tongue, and thirst
 characterize' this stage.    Sometimes  there is sore
 throat, feeling of  sand in the eyes, cold hands and feet
 headache, nausea and vomiting.  If the symptoms are
 not relieved by fasting and  laxatives, oppression at the
 heart,  restless nights, weakness, heat of skin, fastid-
 ious appetite, costiveness, or  diarrhoea follow.
  Sometimes  the stools are  bilous,  sometimes White
 adhesive, fetid, and  loaded with indigested Food.   The
 patient feels loaded after a passage  from the bowels.
  Treatment.—Abstain from soups, and every thing
 that distends the stomach.   Keep the bowels open
 with rhubarb and magnesia.
   Second stage.   The  additional symptoms of this
stage, are tenderness at the  pit of  the stomach, and 
Ci
hard pulde. chilliness, flashes of heal, dry and burning
hands and feet, sometimes cold; hot skin, followed to-
wards morning by perspiration and rest, debility lan-
guor and despondency, pain darting from the spine to
the back, burning in the stomach, palpitations,  cough
and expectoration,  vertigo, headache/] double  vision
styes, too sparing or too copious urine, gravellish com-
plaints, diseases of  the skin and piles.
 Treatment.—Cup or  leech 2 or 3 times, then use
emetic tartar ointment.    Laxatives must be used to
procure one or two stools daily; the warm bath  is use-
ful
 The diet should be very sparing and consist of gruel,
milk, bread  pudding, calf-foot jelly,  and arrow-root,
soups and vegetables should  be avoided, and cotton
or  silk stockings worn next to the skin, and exercise
taken in the open air as soon as the strength will per-
mit, but jhorse exercise must not be used, within two
hours after a jneal, by degrees, he may  use a teacup-
full of chicken or beef tea; afterwards the breast of  a
chicken, or piece of game for  dinner.  Aftor the ten-
derness and fever subsides, camomile, flowers and lem-
on peel tea  cayenne pepper, ginger, wine and water»
or a little brandy,  may be used.    If the liver be tor-
pid, give  the blue  pill at  night, and salts or some oth-
er laxatives in the  morning.   Follow the above treat-
ment, a long time,  changing the laxatives and diet oc-
casionaly, but using the' leeches and countertirilants
alternately.   Afterwards sponging the body with cold
water and vinegar,or the  cold bath may be cautiously
tried.   The compound tincture of gentian, saturated
with aloes an !  rhubarb,  taken in  lea-spoonfull doses
I .-fore eating 3  times a day, is of great service, after 
05
the acute symptoms are removed.  .      «.*"'
   Third stage.   In  the progress of the disease, the
stomach, liver, lungs, kidneys,  or some other organ ,
may become diseased which makes the third stage, and
is to be  treated like diseases of these organs, arising
from other causes.
 Flatulency.   Use essence of peppermint, ether, aro- -
matic spts of hartshorn, or brandy.   To infants give
dill water and aniseed.
  Tympanitis, Or wind in the bowels.  Use injections
cf 8 ounces of gruel  with a table spoonfull  of turpen-
tine, and if it does not succeed, mix half an ounce with
as much castor oil  and take it by mouth, assafcetida is
also good.
   Pyrosis or Water-brash.   Give  laxatives and'oxide
of bismuth in doses of 15 or 20 grains, 2 or 3 times a
day-
   Heartburn.    Use magnesia, or chalk and liquorice
carbonate of soda or pearlash,  and charcoal laxatives
and the  oxide of bismuth.
   Gastrodynia, is somelines a symptom of  dyspepsia,
and at other times a primary disease.
   Symptoms.    Gnawing pain in the stomach exten-
ding to  the back, great anxiety, faintness, tendency to
belch or vomit, headache and  costiveness.    After a
week or'perhaps a  month another attack may come on.
   Treatment.  Give a vomit early, apply  hot flan-
nels to  the pit of  the stomach, use laxatives, warm
bath, bitters, alkalies, counter-irritants and opium.

   HEMORRHAGE FROM  THE STOMACH.

 Treatment.— Bleed the patient give cold,  acid drinks
                        9 
(Hi
and laxatives, if this does not check it give pills com-
posed of 2 grains of sugar of lead and  one of opium
every 2nd or 3rd hour.
  Meloena, is a discharge of black blood, from the bow-
els, resembling ink and sand, and is often fatal.  Give
wine whey, mild bitters and injections.

          HEMORRHOIDS, OR  PILES.

  These are painful excrescences on the verge of the
anus or  in the rectum, attended with a discharge of
mucus or blood.
  When  external, they  often swell enormously, are
very tender and  sometimes ulcerate giving  rise to  a
constant  discharge or a copious hemorrhage at times.
   When the  inflammation is high, a hardness is felt,
and tumors  near the verge of the anus.
   Causes.  The passages of hardened  feces, the use
of  aloes, long continued  exercise in an  erect posture,
and cold or damp seats.
  Treatment.—Gentle laxatives, injections of linseed
tea and rest will generally suffice in the blind piles,sul-
phur is a good laxative.  When they are external, ap-
ply leeches, or puncture them with a lancet,  and  if
much inflamed, bleed the patient. Poultices, warm fo-
mentations, anodyne^injections, and pushing up the tu-
mor gives relief.
   An ointment of equal parts of  galls and  opium in
hogs lard, or a poultice of leaves of jimson  weed af-
fords relief. A solution of lunar caustic is also good. 
67
                     COLIC.

  This disease may be caused by improper food, cos-
tiveness, or disease of the biliary system.
  Symptoms.   Griping  twisting pains  in the bowels
flatulent distention  relieved on pressure, nausea and
vomiting,when bilious; in which case there is looseness
of the bowels.           "
 Treatment.—Steep half a dram of tobacco 10 or 15
minutes in 10 ounces of boiling water, strain, cool,and
give it in an injection.   If  the attack be soon after a
meal, give an emetic.  Oil of cloves and castor oil or
some other purgative should be given, and spt". of tur-
pentine may be used in injections.  Warm fomenta-
tions to the  bowels and the warm bath are useful.
 Steep cloves in brandy wring flannels dry from it and
apply it  hot.    Bleed if the case  be severe when the
constitution  will admit of it.   Give 5 grains  of cal-
omel and one of opium, every  hour or two.  If the
bile  be  vitiated give barley water and salts, followed
by opium.   When it arises in women at their  men-
strual periods give  turpentine, or assafoetida injections
use warm fomentations, hip bath, and give laxatives.

               PAINTER'S COLIC.

  This is produced  by the action of lead on the sys-
tem.   The pain never  leavrs the pit of the stomach
and  umbilicus, is severe and constant and affects the
whole body.
   Treatment.— Bleed freely,  apply  a  blister, and
give  10 grains of calomel and 6 of opium,  every hour
or two. until 4 or 5  doses have been  token then give 
—rr --»-^
castor oil and use injections.   Injections of  cold wa-
ter sometimes succeed.   Use spts. of turpentine free-
ly.  Sulphuric acid and alum in doses of 15 grains eve-
ry 4 hours, have cured.

                 ILEUS,

   This disease comes on  like colic, vomiting takes
place, becomes incessant, sometimes feculent matter,
is discharged by mouth  the  abdomen is much disten-
ded.   In this case, and in common colic, the  abdomen
should he examined by the hand, to acertain whether
a hernia exists.
  Treatment—Use mild laxatives  and tobacco injec-
tions. If these fail, bleed and blister.   Dash cold wa-
ter on the bowels.   Opium should be used in large
quantities and should be combined  with laxatives.

              INTUS-SUSCEPTION.

  This is the introduction of one part of the intestine
into another, it resembles the last disease, only there
is in many cases violent  straining, the patient_ passing
bloody mucus, like red currant jelly.   It is a disease
of infancy.
   Treatment.  The same as  in the  last  disease ex-
cept using less strong purgatives.
   Constriction of the Rectum.   Treatment. Intro-
duce  the bougie.
  Prolapsus  Ani.   Treatment.   Place the child on
the back, dip the fingers in  oil, and gently  introduce
the prolapsed portion.
   Intestinal Concretions.  Symptoms.   Great pain. 
09
  Treatment. Large mucilaginous injections, blisters
leeches, and warm bath.
  Schirrus of the stomach and bowels.   The symp-
toms of this disease  are very severe, there is vomit-
ing, difficulty of  swallowing, emaciation, pain increas-
ed on pressure, sometimes  costiveness, sometimes
diarrhoea, and fetid stools.
  Treatment.—Use  oil  or senna in injections every
2 or  3 days.  Apply  leeches and counter-irritants and
use a  diet of asses' milk with nourishing injections.
Opium relieves pain.

                     WORMS.

  Symptoms.—Swelled abdomen, pain in the stomach
and  bowels,  irregular  appetite, foul  tongue,  fetid
breath, itching of the nose, fever, and grinding of the
teeth.  Sometimes inflammation and ulceration of the
bowels are caused by them, and occasionally, convul-
sions, and dropsy of the brain. A pearl-like whiteness
around the mouth is the most certain sign of worms.
  Sometimes there is violent pain, causing the  child
to scream out suddenly, and  generally, vomiting is a
troublesome symptom, and often diarrhoea attends.
  Some children that nurse, are troubled with worms,
and they are sometimes found in adults.
  Treatment.—Endeavour to check the vomiting  by
a tea of peach-tree  twigs, peppermint, soda, or white
ley.    If there be violent pain, give a half tea-spoon-
full of spirits of turpentine  in as much castor oil, once
in 2 hours till 3 doses are taken, then follow it  with
oil alone until it operates.
  The best medicine for most cases is pink and caku 
70
mel.  Steep a large spoonfull of pink-ront in I of a
pint of water, sweeten.it well, and give it in 3  hours
in small doses.  If symptoms of intoxication appear, it
will be time to stop giving it;  follow it immediately
with 15 grains of calomel.   If this does not operate
freely in 3 or 4 hours, give oil,  jalap, or some other
physic  until it does.  If signs of dropsy in the brain
appear, bleed early, enough to cause a feeling of faint-
ness.   If the  child be much emaciated, bitters may
be necessary after the fever is  mitigated.
   To remove the tape-worm give an  ounce or two of
spirits of  turpentine in as much castor oil.  The bow-
els should be previously opened.
   An injection of aloes dissolved in water is  the  best
remedy for the ascarides or pin-worms.

        PALPITATION  OF THE  HEART.

   This is a strong pulsation of the heart; sometimes
it is tumultuous.   When there is no organic disease, it
is commonly transient.
   Treatment.—  Young persons and those  of a full
 habit  of  body should be  bled and take laxatives, and
 take a light diet and moderate exercise in the  open air.
 If this does not  prevent  it, give opium, ether, valeri-
 an, hartshorn, and assafcetida.

               ANGINA  PECTORIS.

   This is a severe pain a little  to the left of the breast-
 bone, commonly  at  its lower end, at  the pit of the
 stomach.   It comes on  while walking up hill  and com-
 monlv, leaves rli.° >ufferer s.-mn ; but  returns again, s.i 
71
that there may be several such at/acks, in a few years.
   Afterwards, it returns more frequently, from  the
slightest causes,  continues longer, is more severe, and
extends towards  the  shoulders,  and often down  the
arms.   There  is a  great sense  of suffocation and
tightness; the patient is pale and ghastly, the features
contracted, the eyes hollow; the countenance express-
es the most dreadful suffering, the  breathing is quick,
but ho can, if requested, occasionally take in a deep
inspiration, the body is cold, and covered with a clam-
my sweat.  Sometimes it  lasts half an hour, in other
cases an hour.  When it stops, there is a discharge of
wind from the stomach or  bowels.   The pulse some-
times is weak, in other cases  quick and strong, some-
limes perfectly natural.
   Tiieatment.—Bleed, in full habits.  Keep up the
the beat.   If it come on soon after a meal, give an e-
metic, in other cases give  purgatives.   Apply a mus-
tard poultice to the chest, and follow it with the coun-
ter-irritating plaster, several months.  When the bow-!
els are in  a  bad  slate, give 4 grains of calomel, 4, of
upi'.im, and i drops of croton oil.   Let the patient a-
void  fatigue, stimulants, and  cold, use but little food,
and that of the lightest kind, drink  but little, and keep
the bowels sufficiently loose.

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  MEMBRANE OF
                 THE HEART.

   Symptoms.—Sometimes the pain in  the heart is se-
vere, the breathing  anxious and  irregular, there is a
slight couph, sharp  countenance,  pulse small  like a
wire while the action of the heart  is tumultuous.   In 
many cases, fainting comes on; palpitation is common.
Sometimes the pain and  other symptoms are so slight,
we hardly  have the means of knowing whether tho
disease is present till too  late for remedies.
 Treatment—Bleed copiously, in the first stage, uso
nauseating doses of  emetic  tartar,  purgatives,  and
counter-irritants.   Make a free use of calomel.
  Inflammation of the substance of the heart is near-
ly the same as that of the membrane, and should be
treated in the same manner.
   The symptoms of  Hypertropy or enlargement of
the heart,are; palpitation, full, slrong,vibrating pulse,
and a strong extended pulsation of the heart.
  When  the heart is examined by a cylinder, there is
heard, a more prolonged and duller sound than natu-
ral, but a strong impulse.   In simple Hypertropy the
sound is confined to a small space;  but  if the cavity is
enlarged, there is  a strong impulse, and a loud sound
and it can sometimes be heard over every part of the
chest.   The  pulsations  in the  throat are sometimes
visible.   When the  right ventricle is  affected  the
shock  is greater at the  lower end of the breast-bone,
than between  the fifth and seventh ribs.  The reverse
is true, when the left ventricle is diseased.   There is
swelling and  pulsation of the jugular  vein when the
right  ventricle is enlarged.
   Treatment.—Bleed,  give purgatives and nausea*
ting doses of  emetic  tartar.    If possible, starve  the
disease away.    Use emetic tartar ointment and  plas-
ters a long time.   A  tincture of digitalis and soda or
magnesia should be used.    By degrees, the patient
may  tf.ke a more nourishing diet.   Every thing exci-
ting must be  avoided. 
7»
   The symptoms of dilatation of the cavities of  the
 Inart are;  sudden attacks  of difficulty of breathing,
 palpitation, soft, weak and undulating pulse,dizz^c-pp,
 losr> if memory, fainting, nausea, vomiting, and ccs-
 tivener^.  There  is also a  short dry cough.   If  &.c
 left  ventricle be dilated, a  clear sonorous contraction
 is heard between the fifth and seventh ribs, but  when
 the night is dilated, the sound is heard somewhat bet-
 ter, at  the  bottom  of  the breast bone.   There  is al-
■so'morc Oppression and more spitting of blood, and a
 more purple countenance.
   Treatment.   The  same as in hypertropy.
   The symptoms of disease of the valves of the  heart
 are;  severe palpitations, and difficulty  of  breathing,
■resembling  asthma, weak,  small, thready, and inter-
 mitting pulse, swelling of the feet and  legs, and dis-
colouration of the face and extremities.
   Treatment.  The same as in the  last disease.

PHLEGMASIA DOLENS, OR  SWELLED LEG.

   This  takes place in women, within  the  fourth or
fifth week after delivery.  Pain is felt in the loh:s and
groins.   The  limb sometimes becomes twice its na
tural size in 48 hours.   It is tense, elastic, white,shi-
ning,  hot and painful.   The pulse is  frequent, and tl ■
thirst  great,  with great  restlessness.   In dro| s,
limb is cold, and the most dependent part is i ■
most,  it also pits on pressure: but these -signs-are n..
present, in the swelled  leg.
  The same disease has arisen in men from tying one
of the veins of  the leg.
  Trbatment.—Bleed, if the patient bs not too muca
                      It 
74
reduced.  Apply leeches and cups, fomentations an!
blisters.   A strong tea of white  walnut bark makes a
good application.  Give purgatives and the solution of
emetic  tartar.   It may be  prevented,  by  having
leeches applied, when the woman  is first  threatened.
Daring recovery frictions and bandages are to be used.

                HYDROPHOBIA.

  This disease arises from  the bite of a rabid  animal
between 20 and 60 days from the  time of the bite, a
shooting pain  is felt, depression of spirits, and great
anxiety, and restlessness, oppression at the heart, thick
phlegm  in the mouth, tremors and convulsions, and a
dread of water, terror, and watehfullness.   It lasts
from 2 days to a week, and is commonly fatal.
  Treatment—The same as in tetanus.

                  HYSTERICS.

  This diease  belong, almost exclusively, to females;
but it is sometimes found in men, though the name  is
an improper one, in such cases.
  Symptoms.—Laughing,  sobbirg, crying, sometimes
pain in the abdomen, cr chest, sense of  a bill rising
in the throat, tense abdomen, and cold surface, ;.n 1 ex-
tremities.   Sometimes, there  are palpitations, some-
times convulsions,  resembling epilepsy; but ihe insen-
sibility is not complete, unless syncope attends.  Some-
times there is a retention,  but generally, there is a co-
pious flow of limpid urine, sometimes  there is hiccup
and difficulty of breathing, the bowels are commonly
out  of order, and dyspeptic  symptoms attend. The dis- 
Tfc
ease often occurs during recovery  from fevers, or
other diseases, and is sometimes connected with dis-
ease in the spine.
  Treatment.—Attend to the bowels, avoid cold, and
especially cold feet.  Give 60 drops of aromatic spts.
of hartshorn during the fit, or as much volatile tincture
of valerian.  Assafoetida,and spts. of turpentine, either
by mouth  or injections, assisted by laxatives, will re-
move swelling and pain from the bowels, bleeding is
sometimes necessary; opium in large doses,  or laud-
anum, in doses of  50, or  60 drops, has  a great effect
on tho diease.   Bitters  are often needed after  the
paroxysms are over.

      CHOREA, OR ST.  VITUS' DANCE.

  Symptoms.—Sudden, awkward, involuntary motions
of diffierent parts of the body and limbs, and  costive-
 ness.
  Treatment.—Laxatives are lobe  given frequently.
 Attend to the digestive powers.   Cupping, or leeching
 i? good when there  is pain, followed   by opium, or
 some ether anodyne.  The cold and  warm bath, tonics
 a ad antispasmodics, have all, been serviceable.

    NEURALGIA, OR TIC  DOLOUREAUX.   ,

   Symptoms.  Sharp, darting pains, in  various parts
 of the body, without fever, or  inflammation.   Com-
 monly the nerves of the fuce and jaws are. affected but
 other parts of the  body are liable  to it.
   Treatment.—Regulate the bowels and diet, and  a-
 void exposures in cold, damp weather.  If ilia pain b« 
7.S
periodical,  large doses of quinine are good, dram do-
ses of carbonate of iron, have cured some long-stan-
ding cases, £ grain of morphia every 3 or 4 hours, or
fall doses ef laudanum, has a great effect.   Two or 3
seeds of jimson weed, twice a day, gradually increasing
the dose are often beneficial.
   When it occurs in females,  affecting the thighs and
back, give a tea-spoonfull of ppts. of turpentine and 5
drops of laudanum in a dose of castor oil.  The coun-
ter-irritating ointment is of  great service.u

                   EPILEPSY.,

   This is a succession of  paroxysms of convulsions,
^•ith insensibility,which distinguishes it from hysteria.
   It is both primary, and symptomatic.  The patient
f i«  to the ground, the eyes  are fixed and  revert-
ed, the pupils contracted, the tongue is  thrust forward,
there is  foaming, laborious and  irregular breathing,
and a small coniracted pulse.   It sometime lasts a few
minutes, at other times, half an hour, and  leaves the
patient, insensible some  time  longer.    Occasionally,
some consciousness remains during the fit.
   When it arises in infants,  scarify the gums,  give
laxatives, magnesia and chalk.  When it is caused by
worms, use spirits of turpentine.  When it is caus-
ed by obstructions in females, use the  warm bath,  ir-.
jections, spirits of turpentine,  and leaves of red-cedar.
Setons and issues, or counter-irritating plasters some
times cure.   Camphor, opium,  assafcetida, valeritn
castor, and rue, have^all been  serviceable* 
77
                   APOPLEXY.

   The  premonitory symptoms are vertigo, headache-
 and a sense of pressure applied to the head, and pa e-
 ness, irritable stomach, singing  in the ears, impaired
 or double vision, some deafness, defective articulation
 memory and judgement,restlessness,lethargy, startings
 and staggering gait.   If  these symptoms occur to a
 person  in the decline of life, of full habit raid short
 neck, he is in great danger of apoplexy.
   The fit is sometimes slight, and lasts but a few min-
 utes.  In other cases there are convulsions, stertorous
 breathing, loss of sense and motion, weak pulse, some-
 times 20, in other  cases. 150 in a minute.  In severe
 cases the patient either dies or remains some  time in
 the fit, and often when, he recovers, one half the body
 is left paralyzed.
   Treatment,—Bleed  freely, shave  the  head , and
 ripply blisters, and pounded ice or cold water. Put the.
 feet in hot water into which mustard-seed flower has
 been  thrown.  Apply blisters to  the ancles.    Give
 active  purgatives assisted by turpentine injections in
 gruel.   Avoid cold feet  much liquid  food, frequent
 bleeding, and feather beds.    Keep the bowels open,
 use regular exercise, and enjoin a light diet.

                     PALSY.

F This disease often follows apoplexy.  There are 5
kinds.    1.   Palsy of the  nerves of sensaton, win -a
take their origin  from the  back parts of the spinal
marrow; 2.   Of  the  nerves  of  motion,  originating 
7f
from the fore part of the spinal marrow; 3. Hemiple-
gia, affecting only ona side of tho body.  4.  Paraple-
gia, a if; ting only the lower  parts. 5. Partial palsy,
af^ung one or more muscles.  Palsy of  both motion
and sensation, is sometimes complete, and sometimes
incomplete.
   The premonitory symptoms are;  weakness, numb-
ness, col Iness, and occasionally, pain in the limb.
   Sometimes it c->-neion suddenly, sometimes violent
rnadajhe or pain i i the spine precedes it.
   Causes.—Di^eaies of the* brain or spinal  marrow,
or in  particular  nerves; sometimes also, it is caused
by- mii-jli sexual  indulgence.
   Treatment.—In recent case3 bleed and apply cups.
Give calomel an 1  jalap, or  croton oil, at short inter-
vals, at first, but less frequently after a while; still u-
sing enough to procure one or two stools  daily.  Em-
etics are good when the stomach is loaded.
   Frictions  on the part, and counter-irritants and is-
sues  on the spine, or affected  limb, are necessary.
Strychnia, in doses of one twelfth of a grain, 3 times
 a day  has cured some cases.

                    INSANITY.

   Treatment.—Cup and leech the  head  and  neck and
 apply cold  to it.   Give large nauseating doses of em-
 etic tartar, and 60 or  80 drops of laudanum every 3
 or 4 hours, when there is great want of sleep, and no
 marks of organic disease in the brain.  Bleed, when
 there is too much action in  the  brain, and give active
 purgatives.  Be kind and indulgent to the maniac.stnl
 nresarvinj  authority over hii\  Never  deceive him, 
7t
nor favor bis ddusien, and it  is not best tothwart  if.
Give regular  employment, and if there  be no pleth-
ora, give substantial ftol.

             HYPOCHONDRIASIS.

  This disease, when Bevere. resembles insanity rela-
ting! only, to the  health of the patient.   Sometimes
there is no real disease of the body  present, but ma-
ny imaginary ones.  In other cases, dyspepsia attends,
or is the cause of the  mental affection.
   Tkeatment.—Never appear to doubt the imagin-
ary evils of the patient, but inspire him with hope of a
cure.  Keep  the bowels open, use counter-irritants,
and the warm, or cold bath, and  exercise and inno-
cent amusement, in the open air.

             DELIRIUM TREMENS.

   This is a delirium, accompanied  by  tremors, and
caused by intemperance.
  Tkaetment.—If  the health were previously good,
and the patient plethoric, take blood.   In most cases
cupping is necessary.   Emetics  are good,  but after
cupping, large doses of opium, is the chief remedy.
  A tea-spoonful! of  laudanum  may be'given every
hour, and  increased, if it does not controul  the symp-
toms.  A strong tea of wormwood is good.

        INFLAMMATION OF  THE  EYE.

 Symptoms.—A sensation like that caused by sand in
die eye is first felt, followed  by ii^sr.  pain, flow «f 
80
(eft'rs, intolerance of liyht, swellirg, >ind rednes*.    "*
   The  constitutional symptoms are ; headache,  nau-
sea, weakness, costiveness,  and f'over.
   The disease frequently follows the eruptive fevers.
   Tkeaimknt.—In most cases, an early and  ;   eve-
ring use of cold water will  speedily cure.   The eye
should be held in a bowl of cold water, until the pain
ceases, and repeated as often as the pain ri.^cs.  In o-
ther cases, warm water and poultices give the great-
est relief.   In severe cases, copious bleeding,follow-
ed by cups and leeches, active  purgatives and nausea-
ting doses of emetic tartar, is necessary.   Count' r-
irritants are serviceable.   When the  case is more ad-
vanced and  the disease mitigated, the wine of opium
makes a good application.   Two grains  of  sugar  of
lead, or as much white vitriol, dissolved  in an ounce of
water ma!,en a good application.   A solution of lunar
caustic is ai:.'> ...rood.  Emetics are serviceable,, in long-
standing casos, where the eye-lids are  diseased.   if
there be want of sleep ami  great pain,  GO  drops of
laudanum may be given, after bleeding  sufficiently,
and  30 drops more  in 2 or  3 hours.
   Inflammation  of  the conjunctiva, or membrane of
the eye.  In the acute stage,  the vessels are superfi-
cial and distinct, running in  straight lines, leaving the
spaces of a  slight pinkish colour, and when  the small
branches are also well filled with red blood, the  eye-
lid has a uniform red appearance.  In chronic cases,
the vesse'ls  become twisted  in their course, assume a
purple colour, and Mre capable  of being  rolled about,
from the looseness of the parts.  The severe pain has
ceased, in such cases, and  there is greater tolerance of
light.  When chronick, it resembles proud flesh. 
81
  Treatment.—In the acute stage the same as alrea-
dy mentioned : in chronic cases, attend to the state of
the mucous membrane, of the stomach and bowels.
  In some cases, it is of great service, to  scarify the
eyelids, and if the vessels are  swelled, the washes al-
ready mentioned', must be used, (see page 80,) togeth-
er with occasional blisters.

CATARRHAL INFLAMMATION IN THE EYES'.

  After exposure to cold, soreness in the eyes comes
on, with chillines, sneezing, pain in the bones and fe-
ver.   In  addition to the symptoms mentioned,( page
80, ) there is a discharge of pus, which quickly glues
the eye together, after it is washed.  If there  be no
vascularity or ulceration on the cornea, and no dim-
ness no opacity, the case is  doing well,  but  when
these appearances are found, there is of loss of  sight.
  Treatment*—In addition to that already mention-
ed, ( page  80, )  the warm bath and Dover's powders
will  be very serviceable.  The eyes should be kept
constantly wet.
  When  the inner  membrane of the eye-lid  is  left
swollen, at the close of the disease, a  piece of lunar
caustic may be applied  to the part, every third day,
taking care to evert the eye-lid completely, and bathe
it with a  little  milk, the moment after.

   PURULENT SORE EYES OF INFANTS.

  This  commonly comes on, before the  16th day after
birth, sometimes later, and generally affects both eyes.
The child  is  restless, fretful,1 and keeps its eyes shut.
                       11 
82
  At the beginning, the inner membrane of the eye-lid
has a slight redness, especially the part next the nose,
and  a whitish matter  comes from it.   There is gen-
erally some fever and a foul tongue.   The eye-lids
soon appear red and swollen, or  the  lashes are  stuck
together, with the glutinous matter.   As the disease
proceeds, it  becomes  more severe; when the eye-lids
are seperated, there is  a  discharge  of tears, and the  «■
itching is so great,  that the fingers of the  child, can
scarcely be kept out  of them; swelling soon follows,
and the discharge" increases in quantity, becomes more
puriform, and  sometimes so acrid, as to excoriate  the
cheeks.  The inflammation soon extends to that part
of the conjunctiva that covers the eye-ball, numerous
vessels are seen, of a bright scarlet colour, and a great
quantity of matter is  formed.  As  the complaint ad-
vances, the cornea often becomes ulcerated,  from the  *
evcessive inflammation,  and the sight destroyed.
   Treatment.— Apply one or  two leeches to each
temple, half an inch from the eye, every 4 or (»  hours
until  the violence of  the disease is  subdued.   Give
1 grain of calomel and  two of scammony two or 3 times
at short intervals.  Keep the infant on the back, with
a  small piece of wet linen rag applied to the  eye
wetting it frequently with  a little  milk and water.
Exclude the light and  use the warm bath morning and
evening.   An occasional opiate, of 2  or 3  drops  of
laodanum is useful.   After the intensity of the symp-
toms has been subdued evert the eye-lids, slightly scar-
ify them, and allow a  large quantity of blood to flow.
But scarifieations do no good, and sometimes do harm,
when the membrane is soft,  spongy, and granular.
   After the aeute inflammation is subdued, the vesselo 
83
are left gorged,the swelling of surrounding partsgrad-
ually diminishes, leaving the vessels twisted and loose,
tho blood in  them being of a  darker, colour  the in-
flammation  is subdued but the vascularity  remains.
Now, the previous treatment, if continued, would be
hurtful.  Keep the eye clean,  still exclude  the light
and attend to the bowels, but abstain from any further
meddling.   In a day or two after convalescence is es-
tablished, an astringent, or stimulating wash is neces-
sary if the vascularity remains.  If the parts remain
granular,resembling proud flesh, after the wash is used
a while, lunar caustic must be applied, or a surgeon
must cut it off.   Immediately on the decline of the
disease, if considerable debility prevails, and the child
looks very pale 3 or 4 drops of brandy, may  be giv-
in a little  water.

            PUSTULAR  SORE  EYES.

   Symptoms.—Red or yellow pustules, appear, slight-
ly  elevated, sourrounded by swelled yessels.   It is
produced by cold.
   Treatment.—Drop a little  wine of opium or  solu-
tion of lunar caustic, into the eye twice a day,  Should
pain and fever attend, bleeding, leeching, and purga-
tives must be tried.   Blisters are useful.

INFLAMMATION  OF THE SCLEROTIC  COAT
              OF THE  EYEBALL.

   This is distinguished from that of the conjunctiva by
the vessels being of a more  pinky hue lying deeper,
and not being moveable, when  the conjunctiva is made 
84
to slide on  the sclerotic.   Tho  pain is of a rheumatic
ltind, the motion of lhe#eyeball causes more uneasiness,
it is also sometimes caused by transfer of gout,Jor rheu-
matism.   In such cases it is to be treated like rheu-
matism,  by  colchicum, and emetic tartar  and  Do-
ver's powders.

       INFLAMMATION OF THE IRIS.

   The symptoms are very violent in acute cases, par-
ticularly, after it has continued 24 hours; the patient's
sufferings are great.  Sevefe pain  comes on  in par-
oxysms, over the eye-brows.   The vessels are seen
running in straight lines towards  the cornea, beneath
t.ie conjunctiva, but  they suddenly stop, before they
.  3ach it, leaving a whitish circle round it.   Soon as the
circle appears, the iris  looses its natural colour, some-
times it is distinctly red.   The colour first changes to-
wards  the margin  of  the pupil, and the colour  is like
blood, mixed  with the  natural colour of the iris.  The
pupa becomes contracted and irregular, and is  drawn
nowards and inwards.   The vessels present a pink
•our.   The retina sometimes becomes affected; in
duch cases, there is greater sensibility to the impres-
sion of light,deep-seated pain darting through the head,
-i-id an  appearance of sparks and flashes before  the
  v'cS.  '                   . .
   v'Vjses.—Cold, and  the extension of inflammation
from other parts.
   Treatment.—Bleed copiously, at an early period.
Follow it with cups or leeches, if necessary, and blis-
ters.  Give 1 grain of calomel every hour, and at
bed-time, give 5 grains, w>jh 1, or 2, of. opium.    In 
83
most cases, nothing else will cure.  In rheumatic, and
gouty habits, colchicum is. good.  The extract of bel-
ladonna, or that of henbane, should be  rubbed over
flie eye-brows  and forehead, early in this disease, or
a strong solution, may be inserted between the eye-
lids, every second, or third hour, and continued for
some  timo, after the other remedies are discontinued.

                   AMAUROSIS,

  This is a partial, or a total loss of sight/arising from
causes  that injure either the retina or the optic nerve.
  Symptoms.—Imperfect vision, pain in the eye, flash-
es, sparks, or dark spots, before the eye, with an im-
moveable pupil, are signs of this disease.  The  jet-
black colour of the pupil is commonly lost, and there
is a tremulous motion of the eye.
    Treatment,—When caused by  inflammation, or
congestion of the  retina, or congestion  of the  brain,
bleeding or cupping must be tried.  When caused by
diseases of the stomach or bowels, these must  be at-
tended to, when by repelled eruptions, or discharges
being dried  up, the patient should be bled and purged
freely,  and the eruption restored, or a dry, mild  diet
used,'with occasional  leeching.   When caused  by
teething, apply leeches, use purgatives and scarify the
gums.  Some cases have been cured, by blistering the
temple, and sprinkling on its surface, one quarter of a
grain of strychnia daily, and renewing  the blister in
3 or 4  days.   If any bad symptoms come on, apply
morphia to the blistered surface, or take opium intern-
allv. 
86
      INFLAMMATION OF THE EAR.

  Symptoms.—Chills followed by fever, flushed face,
headache, severe  paroxysms of pain, darting through
the  ear, tenderness to the touch, and sometimes deliri-
um.  When the internal ear is affected, the symptoms
are generally more severe.  Sometimes, the disease
is insidious, and there  is but very littje pain until just
before coma,  or delirium comes on.
  Treatment.—Use fomentations by day, and apply
a soft light poultice at  night.   Drop a little oil, and a
few drops of laudanum, into the ear.  In severe cases
bleed.  Apply leeches and blisters, and give active
purgatives, and nauseating doses of emetic tartar.   If
an abscess forms, open it early.
   When there is a discharge from the ears, give laxa-
tives, and apply blisters behind the ears.  Avoid liqu-
ids, as mueh as possible,  and after a while, inject as-
tringent washes into the ear, and give sugar of lead
internally, if necessary.   If headache comes on,  ap»
ply leeches or cups and blisters.  In some cases it is
not safe to dry  it  up;  unr such cases, a solutionof  tho
chloruret of lime  will  correct the fetor of the dischrge,

                   SCROFULA.

    This is an enlargement of the conglobate  glands,
 especially of the neck; the upper Up and  nostrils are
 .thickened the face flushed, the skin soft, and  the ab-
 domen  enlarged.   Eruptive fevers,and hooping-cough,
 are^ often the cause of  this disease.   When it  ap-
 pears first,about  the joints, it is in the form of tumou-
 rs, surrounding the joint, and interrupting its motion. 
87
  Sometimes the swellings continue a year, with little
change, and then become more  fixed, and  larger, the
Skin acquiring a purple redness, growing  redder, by
degress, the tumour becomes softer, and matter it felt
in it*  At length, the skin becomes more pale, an op-
ening forms, and matter is discharged, at first, resem-
bling thin pus, afterwards it looks like thick water w ith
white harder substances^ like curd mixed with whey.
   By degrees, the tumouf subsides, the ulcer opens
more and enlarges, without any regularity in shape,
having flat, smooth edges, not  spreading much, nor be-
coming much deeper.   After a few years, it general-
ly disappears.
   Tkeatment.—The tongue, the appetite, the  thirst
and swelling of the abdomen, the irregular  bowels,
and the feculent matter, prove that it is produced by
disease of the digestive organs, commonly, inflamma-
tion of  the mucous  membrane of the stomach.   Ap-
ply  leeches, and counter-irritants, and give gentle lax-
atives, if the strength be unbroken, and if there be fe-
ver at night.   If the bowels are out  of order, give
Po\e*r's powders and lime water 4 times a day.  Cal-
omel or  blue pill is to  be given when the tongue is
furred.  Use the.warm bath every other  night, and
sponge the body with  warm water and vinegar,  the
alternate  evenings.  When the inflammation is sub-
dued, give 10 drops of  the tincture of iodine 3  times
a day, gradually increasing the dose.   Openthe  swel-
ling early, when matter is formed.  Cold sponging is-
good, as the disease declines. 
S8
  INFLAMMATION OF THE MUCOUS MEM-
         BRANE OF THE BLADDER.

  Symptoms.—Pain,  in the region of the bladder, in-
creased on pressure, sense of internal heat, and ten-
sion, frequent desire  to make water, violent bearing-
down efforts, difficulty in passing the urine, and some-
times a complete retention, and  the  bladder becomes
greatly distended.  There is pain, burning heat, and
itching in the urethra.  Distention of the whole abdo-
men, fever and pain soon follow.
  Causes.—Dyspepsia, gout, eruptive diseases, cold,
ardent  spirits, cantharides, and small doses of  spirits
of turpentine.
  There is  chronick form, in old people, in  which,
large quantities of mucus  are discharged and there is
thickening, and ulceration  of the bladder.   Peritonitis
sometimes comes on, from distention.  Gangrene rar-
ely follows.
   Treatment.—Bleed  and cup, use  the hip bath,
and gentle laxatives, frequently repeated, flax-seed or
elm tea, opium, particularly introduced  into the rec-
tum.   The catheter is to be introduced as soon as pos-
sible.  Camphor and henbane allay  pain.  In chron-
ick cases, give cubebs and balsam of copavia, and in-
ject warm water  into the  bladder, but  do suffer it to
be retained.  Counter-irritants  are good.
   When the disease follows the strangury, produced
by  drawing a blister, apply a bladder half filled with
hot water, to the parts, laying a fold or two of blanket,
next the skin and use the other means recommended.
To prevent strangury from blisters rub up with them,
before  applying;  12 grains of Camphor and 4of opium.' 
89
     INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS.

  Causes.  Te same that brings  on  inflammation of
the bladder.
  Symptoms.—Chills  followed by  fever, and  pain in
the back, extending to the groins and thig'•s, and in-
creased on pressure, motion, or drawing a full  breath,
or efforts at stool.   In slight cases, there is onl\ a sen-
sation of heat and weight, and gnawing constriction in
the loins.  The urine is red, and scanty, passed drop
by drop, or is entirely suppressed
   There is often faintness, nausea, bilious vomiting,
wind  in the bowels, oppression at the heart, I-•• -c■•<■
and distention of the abdomen.   Sometimes,  the r« n
diarrhoea and griping, in other cases, costivf-i     -  -'
numbness, and retraction of the testicle is c r
of.   Ther* is a hard pulse, and sometimes t1
dry and hot, in ether cases there is perspirft <■•
a urinous smell.  Someimes there is heaea'-lj. .      i
passage of hlody urine.
 Tueatment.—Copious bleeding, cupping, er • tie tfr-
tar, salts and other laxatives, flaxseed  tea an  lot  fo-
mentations to the loins give great relitf.    Lar-.^- : -*
jectionsof warm water,  and mustard poltices n_r3i   •.
applied^when the acute  stage is partly  o^er.and st. •:!
quantities of nitre may be added to tie drink*,

         GRAVEL IN THE KIDNEYS.

    SrMmM.s. — Long continued  pain in the Ioinr ,
shooting downwards i.umbrfes of the tbighs,w ith pain-
full retraction of tho testicle, increased on motion.
   There is a frequent desire to mate water.  The u-
                        12 
90
rine is scanty, of a deep red colour, depositing a brick
red sediment.
  Treatment.—Use magnesia, soda  and lime-water,
or potash-water the  warm  bath, hot fomentations and
rubefacients and  laxatives, and  if n-ce^sary, draw
blood.   When the gravel is passing from  the  kidney
to the bladder, there is more active  pain in the loins
and testicle.   In such cases, Ergo doses of laudanum
give relief after bleeding.

          STONE  IN THE BLADDER.

  Symptoms—Frequent desire to mr.k) water, and pArn
in the glans.  The urine deposits, sometimes a red, at
other times a  white sediment.   Often there is mucus,
 tinged with blood.  The urine flows drop, by drop, and
some patients are obliged to stand on the head ,in Or-
der to evacuate it.   At times, there are  severe par-
oxysms termed fits  of the stone.
  Treatment.—As pal atives. laxatives, warm water,
injections, opiates, rest, and the warm bath are useful.
 The cure is a surgical operation.

        SUPPRESSION  OF THE URINE

   This cnYea^e ia one where l:tt!e, or no urine is ser-
 creted, by  the kidneya,  consequently, t'icre i.i none
 i-1 the bladder.  It  is accompanied with  nausea, co9-
 t". ene:?, vomiting hiccup, headache, and pain in  the
 ba„k.
    Treatment.— Administer large doses of salts, and
 sudorifics, and afterwards give three  times a day,  a
 pill made of ons  half grain of squills, one half griin 
91
of calomel, and two grains of digatalis.   If the mouth
becomes affected, omit the calomel.   Use cream of
tartar,spts of turpentine sweet spts of nitre,and balsam
of copavia, but with caution, and not early in the com-
plaint.

            RETENTION OF URINE.

   Sytoms.—Pain, in  the bladder, with frequeat, and
violent  desire to make water, attended  wUh violent
bearing  down efforts.  The  bladder  is  felt greatly
distended.   Fever, thirst, and oppression at the  heart
attends.
   Treatment.—Make use of the hip bath, and hotf.-
mentations, to the parts, large injections of warm gruj
el, or water, give also, sweet spta of nitre, opium and
camphor, or the tincture of the muriate of iron.  In-
jections of tobacco, or from 10 to 20 drops of the wine
of tobacco sometimes  succeed.    Pouring  water, for
some time,  within  the hearing of the pstient, has re-
lieved some cases.  After trying some of ther.e mean?,
without success, use the catheter.   If any inflamma-
tion  e.\ists,;'or is threatened, draw blood ^by tho lancet
and  leeches.
   Incontinence  of urine.    This is an inability to re-
tain the  urine.   It arises from  palsy, or weaknes  cf
the neck of the bladder-    Blisters, and ten or twenty
drops, of the tincture of cantharides, in a little elm tea,
and  cold bathing  cure.  If caused by acrid urine give
elm, or flaxseed tea, and  cooling laxatives,  and  intro-
ducejhe catheter.  If there is a pink sediment,  in tho
urine, use alkalies, and anodyne injections.  In ail ca-
ees, where there is pain, pills of equal parts of cam- 
                       93

phor and henbane are good.                      ^

                   DIABETES.
  This disease consists of a  discharge of largo quan-
tities of sweet urine.
  Treatment. Abstain from vegetables, bleed repeat-
edly, where the constitution and strength  will permit.
Colchicum, opium, tonics, astringents and acids  lime-
water and alum whey, have been found serviceable.
Sugar of lead may  be good.    One  grain  of calomel
and a dose of Dover's powders ii;ust be given at night.

                AMENORRHEA.

   This is a retention, or a suppression of the periodic-
al evacuation peculiar to females.
   Treatment.—Bleed, every month, for two or three
months,  if the constitution will admit ot it;  or  apply
20 leeches to the groins.  Use the hip bath, and give
aloetic pills,  and assafcecida.  The patient should be
much in the  open air.   External frictions, and coun-
ter-irritants  are useful, in relieving pains.   After
bleeding, wine and nourishing diet may  be used, in
many cases, but, if the tongue  be furred, or red  and
dry, animal food must be  used with caution.   Add, 1
dram of iodide of  iron to one ounce of distilled water,
and give 6 drops, 3 times a  day, in a little cold water.
   Tincture of cantharides, and tincture of guiac, also
a tea,of madder have cured  many cases,  after the
system was  prepared by bleeding.   The  cold shower
kalb, and the warm bath ere serviceable. 
9t
               DYSMENORRHEA.

  This disease  is a severe pain, attending the evacua-
tions, which, in such cases, are generally seamy.
   Treatment.—Put  an ounce  of gum  guiac  into a
pint of whiskey, and give a  tea-spoonfull 3 limes a
day, in a little  milk.  Continue  the course two or 3
months, omitting it a few dgy3 every month.

                MENORRHAGIA.

   When the evacaation is too profuse, or if there be
flowing, bleed if the strength be good, or apply leeches
to the groins.   If the strength be much reduced, uso
wine and gentle laxatives.  The cold shower bath, or
bathing  the lower parts of the body in c-oid wf.-?r is
se od.   Opium« may be given to relieve ; am.   When
tie case u urgent, give  pills Co: taini::>> 2 grains of se-
g-ir of lead, and a third o{ a gram u opium, every 2,
3, or 4  hours.
   When the change of life comes on, occasional bleed-
ing is good if the  system be affected.

                      GOUT.

   Symptoms.—Pain,  which soon becomes throbbing,
in the toe or  foot, some degree of swelling, which in-
creases  rapidly.   The parts become scarlet-red.   In
some cases, during the fit, it is translated to the stom-
ach, liver,  brain, lungs, bladder, or some other organ.
    Treatment.—In tight cases, use  laxatives, every
8, or 8 hours, use a mild diet, and keep the  patient;
quiet, and cool.  Put 3  or 4 ounces of tincture of 
94
•amphor, into a pint of water and apply to"the pa-*.^
  When the case is severe, bleed and aj ply lesche?.
From  20,  to  120 drops of the  wine  ot  c llchicum,
with as much  tincture of henbane, give much relief.
  Many parts of the body often becomo di?ea°e I in the
progress of gout, and must be treated according to the
nature of the disease, and  the organ affected.   Con-
ter-irritantsare of great service.

             ACUTE RHEUMATISM.

   This disease  resembles gout,  and there are some
 cases called by physicians, rtieumalic gout.
   S/.h, toms.—After exposure  to cold and moisture,
 chilb, with a feeling of numbness, pamcr aiming re
 full, f.jver soon follows, the skin \s very hot,  the pulse
 quicii, iiiir-i and bounding, and 100,  or  140.    The
 acaiug, or gnawing pain becomes more acute, and e-
 ven, ij.nei .uej  oeeonies pungent, hot and lancinating.
   One joint is generally more  affected than the rest,
 and  tnere is want of power in  the part.   Tne paru
 soon become swollen, red, and and tender. M-  tion in-
 creases the pain, and it is sometimes translated  t- ,-
 ther parts, giving rise to dangerous symptoms.  The
 muscles of the chest, and of the abdomen are some-
 times attacked.   When it attacks the hips,  it is call-
 6 J sciatica, when in  the loins, lumbago.   T he tongue
 is generally, loaded, often red;  t;ie thirst great, the
 urine scanty,  and  high-coloured, depositing a  sedi-
 ment.  Tiicro is sometimes^nausea and vomiting, cos-
 tiveness,  headache,  intolerance of light, and  inflam-
 mation of the eye3,  brain, or heart.
    Ta&iTiiEXT—J31es» J freely, and giro nauseating de- 
                        %0

••s of  emetic tartar;  cbaae the diser.se from place *o
place with leeches.  Use  the  tincture of colchicum
as recommended  in gout, und  keep the  bowels open
When the tongue is white, or yell nv, give 2  grains » f
calomel and  0,  of rhubarb at night, followed  by oil,
or injections in the mcrning.   If the disease becon.ei
periodical, quinine may be ustfil.
   The symptoms of chronick rheumatism are; dull,
gnawing pain, increased en motion, with liitle, orno
fever.   Often,  there are swelling of the joints, con-
traction, and rigidity  of  the muscles.
   Treatment.  Sweat the patient, and if there be fe-
ver, emetic tartar is good.  Colchicum, and henbane,
bli .lers, counter-irrilatiig  plasters  and frictions,  are
serviceable.  A stream of water, heated loO, or 140
degrees,  poured on the  part, before going to bed, and
 fol.owed  by a hot iron, after lying down, gives relief.
   The patient should wear a jacket, and drawers  of
 fc'uek-shiu.

                     DROPSY.

   The symptoms cf dropsy in the  cellular  texture,
 called anasarca, are; scanty, and l.i_h-c dourod urine,
 dry skin,  commonly costive bowels, swelling which
 pitj on pro-sure, commencing in the feet, and gradu-
 ally ascending higher, until the whole body is disten-
 ded.
    Dropsy  in tho che-.t  is attsnded by  the following
 symptoms;  slight  difficulty of breathing, increased
 on motion, or lying down, cry cough, and swollen feet.
 As the disease  advances, the  patient can never  lie
 down without incref.3ir>~ the difficulty  of breathing 
98
 the ebeeks  and lips are deadly pale or purple, and
 the pulse  irregular and  intermittent.  At length, the
 patient either dies  in a comatose Mate,  or is  suffoca-
 ted.   A  dull sound is prodic  d  by  percussion, and
 the repiratory murmur  is  not  heard,  except  along
 the spine.   The other s) mploms, mentioned in ana-
 sarca, attend.
   The symptoms of dropsy of the abdomen  are  tho
 same mentioned in anasarca, together with swelling in
 the abdomen.
   Treatment.—Bleeding is necessary in mary cases
 of dropsy, purgatives  are of the next importance, jal-
 ap, gamboge and scammony are good.  Cream of tar-
 tar make a good laxative, one half grain of elaterium
 may  be  given twice  a  day.  Squills combined with
 henbane or opium are useful. Ca'o nel in some cases,
 pills of squills,"calomel,  and digatalis, as mentioned
 (page 91,) are good diuretics.  Counter-irritants  are
 very serviceable.

                MILK-SICKNESS.

  Svmptoms.—Dullnes, weal n••ss, burning in the stom-
ach, nausea, vomiting, cold extremities,and perspira-
tion having  a  pecular odour.
  Dr.  Me'llhenny,  in his excellent treatise gives the
following treatment. Given  little oil, senna, cr cream
of tartar, and sulphur mixed with a little ginger.   In-
troduce the tube of a stomach pump, into the rectum a
foot or 18 inches, and  give in'e't'ons until there is an
evacuation.    Give  yeast-freely  andapply blister-"' 
tY
EXPLANATION OF  WORDS'.
 Anodyne,  that which gives ease or reet, like opium.
 Congestion, a partial stagnation of  blood in the veins.
 Coma,  a deep state of insensibility resembling  '^rp
 Cuticle,  the outer thin skin.
 Convalescence,   the state of recovery.
 Diuretics, medicines that increase  the flow of-un  -
 Desquamation,  formation of scales.
 Expiration,  breathing out.
 Expectoration,  raising plegm from the lungs.
 Eructation, belching wind.
 Function,   the office or work of an organ.
 Flatulency,  wind in the stomach.
 Fece>.   stools.
 Hemorrhage,   bleeding.
 Irii.  the coloured  part of the eye.
Oesophagus,   the passage from the  mouth to the stom-
   ach.
Pharynx,   the top part of the oesophagus.
Pupil,   the sight of  the eye.
Rubefacients,  gentle counter-irritants.
Rectum,   the lower part of  the  intestines.
Stethoscope an instrument that conve)'s the sound  of
   the breathing to the ear of the physician.
Stertorous,  sound like snoring.
Secretions,  the fluids formed by the different organs.
Sudorifics.  medicines  that cause sweating.
Tonsils,   the large glands, seen in  the mouth.
Umbilicus, the navel.
Vertigo,  dizziness.       <**
Vascular,  full of vessels.
Ventricles,  cavities in the heart*
                        19 
98
COMPOUNDS.
rOVfiR'S  POWDERS.
 Opium and ipecac of each
3 grains;  sulphate of pot-
ash & grains; make 3 pow-
ders} take 1 every 4 hours.

For sick stomach or  Chol-
era.  Dissolve 30 grains of
camphor in 1  ounce of e-
ther;  give  10 drops often.

 For chronick disease of the
 Bladder.   Balsam of copa-
 via and cubebs, of each 30
 grains; as milch gum arabic
 and 3ugar; spearmint water
 4 ounces.   Dose; a  table-
 vuOiHuli 3 t:rr:33 a  day.

 KiTiiO-I.raRi-A-TfC' AC-
 ID MIXTURE'.  Nitric a-
 tid 30 diops; iv.ir'huic acid
 20 dre'ps;  we.t-r  4  ounces;
 spirits of nitre % dram.
    Dojpta  teaspoonfull eve
  OINTMENT.  Umefc
tartar 1 dram; hog's  lard 1
ounce.
   COUNTER-IRRITA-
TING PLASTER.  Take
1 pound of resin Vi ounces
of mution  tallow; 1 ounce
beeswax;   melt them  to-
gether;  and work it  like*
shoemaker's wax; spread a
little on a  cloth  G  inches
square, sprinkle  the  sur-
face with emetic tartar ap-
ply it to the skin warm, let
it remain  2, 3 or 4  days.
  Keep the sores discharg-
ing  with mutton tallow,  or
 I o.r> ices.
 ANTIBILIOUS  PILLS.
  Jalap, calomel, gamboge,
 and aloes of each 1 ounce;
 castile soap 30 grains;-pul-
 verize, add a little  molass-
* es and make 400 pills;-2 cr
 3 make a full dose.
sweetened  water.   The
bath is made by adding -3|
ounces of acid to  a gallon
of water.
ry 3 hours in a glass full of Hive syrup.  Sengka root,
 squills bruised, 1  ounce cf
 each; simmer in  2 qiuijla
 down to a pint; add a pound
 . uf honey, and 21 grrrm qf
* emetic tartar. 
9*
  For  hysterics.   Eiber 2
drains, laudanum 60 drops,
peppermint vvuter 3 ounces.
dose a table  spoonfull  ev-
ery 15 minutes in half  a
^lass of cold water.
 STIMULANTS. Spi:iu«f
 turpentine 100 drops, gum
 arabic and  sugar of each
 120 grains; water 4 ounce*
 dose; a table spoor.Ldl »▼«-
| ry 2 hoitra.
INDEX.
Amenorrhea  Page
Apoplexy -
Amaurosis - - -
Asthma   • •
Angina Poctoris - -
lowel complaints of
  dren- - -
Bronchitis  - -
Cholera Morbus - -
Croup  - - -
Crowing disease - -
Catarrh - -
Colic - - -
 Consumption -' -
 Cholera - - •
 Cow-pox - -
 Chicken-pox   -  -
 Diarrhxa ' • '  %
 Dysentery - -
 Dropsy - - -
 Dropsy of the bra ^
 Difficult to3thin?; -
  iVsease of tlv*
 *i% ihr■?.-.;-  •
chi
02	Dytpspsia - - -	0*
77	Delirium tremaai - - -	79
85	Diabetes - - -	Utt
49	Erysipelas - -	22
70	Epilepsy - -	70
il-	FEVERS - -	3
33	[Fever from functional	de-
58	1 rangement - -	&
39	•- congestive fever - -	a
47	inflammatory fevar - ■	^
49	intermittent fever- -	12
57	'.. remittent fever - -	1-4
67	infantile remittent	i:»
53	hectic fever - -	H>
4:2	1 scarlet fever - -	17
20	| miliary fever - -	21
21	l child bed fr.er - -	d'";
36	1 Gravcl * * *W I Gout - - ^*	
	tilo^nnir-crf^g'.i - --	49
- 33	1 rle.&orh'v^ from .'u?	-.!-T.V:-
42	l| -fch- -"	0">
PTV	! |tI;v'voph 1^- -	"1 i
V	i J l-ivsi.nr.ra - - '	7i
* 
*E«I=
199
Rypoehondia - -       79
Insanity - -           78
Intus smception - -     68
INFLAMMATION-- 28
cf the  brain - -       31
cf the spinal marrow - -36
of the mucous membrane
of the bowels - .       35
cf the peritoneum - -  30
of the larynx -  -       46
of the pharynx -  -     62
of the lungs - -         56
of the liver - -         54
of trie '-plecn - -        5b
of the  membrane of  the
heart - -              71
of the eye - -          71)
of the  sclerotic c t - - 83
catarrhal inflammation  -81
of the ears - -         Sti
of the kidneys - -      80
of the mucous membrane of
the bladder - -	" 88
Jaundice -	56
Lecked-jaw -	35
Measles - -	ID
Menorrhagia - - • .	03
Milk-5-.ickr.eis - -	i
Nettie-rash - -	
Neuralgia - -	7*
Plague - -	£2
Pleurisy - -	52
Pieurc'dvn'H -	52
Piles -  -
Painter's  Colic - -
Palpitation -  -
Palsy  - -
Purulent sore eves
67
70
77
81
 Pustular  sore eyes , ,   83
 Retention of urine  --   91
 Kheumalism -  -        94
 Koseola - -             21
 Small-pox , , ,          19
 Spasmodic Croup ,  , ,   48
 Swelled  leg ,,,        73
 St. Vitus' dance ,,  ,    75
 Spitting blood  , , ,      53
 Scrofula  , ,,          8fi
 i Stone in the bladder , ,, 90
 Suppression of urine , ,90
 Tabes mesenterica , , , 38
 »Thrush ,,,,,, ,39 & 45
 Worms ,,,,,,,,,,,, 09
 fstrofulus  ,, ,          23
 'lichen , , ,             24
 '■ prurigo . , ,           24
 impetigo  , , ,          24
 porrigo ,  , ,            25
 itch  , , .  ,             25
 ecthymia , , ,          2u
 acne , ,,              26
 sycosis , ,,,           26
 Jjje-rpcs or shingle^ t  26
 pemphigus  ,,, -T^.    27,
 lepra , ,.,-    ' ' -
* purpura /» , ,
    :    4
* 
>.'
%
i 
r
I
><
'*\ -».»