PRESCRIPTIONS 
—— AND 
HOW TO USE THEM. 
AN ANATOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL TREATISE 
ON THE 
HUMAN-BODY 
WITH A PRACTICAL DESCRIPTION OF ITS 
DISEASES 
THEIR SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT. 
" For life is not to live, but to be well.'’—MARTIAL. 
JJNATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 
' By PROF. GEORGE HENCKEL. 
Diseases and their Treatment 
BY ORVILLE JUNE PERKINS, M. D. 
VOLUME II. 
Chicago, III. 
HENCKEL & PERKINS, 
265-269 Dearborn St. Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1891, by 
HENCKEL & PERKINS. 
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D.C. 
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. PREFACE. 
Medical works, for home use, have hitherto, in a 
measure, been handicapped by the attempt to describe 
and treat the diseases of the genital organs in the same 
volume with the general diseases. 
We have obviated this disadvantage by placing all 
subjects of a private nature, in a volume by themselves, 
thus anticipating any objection to the introduction of the 
work into the home, for fear that children of immature 
age will read and become wise before their time. 
We are also able to introduce many topics never 
before couched upon in works of this character, and write 
of others in a more practical manner than we should, had 
the work been confined to one volume. 
The necessary additional cost of making three volumes 
in place of two, has been great, but by doing our own 
publishing and taking advantage of the unusual advan- 
tages at hand for procuring materials, we are able to offer 
the work in three volumes at a price much less than 
usually asked for a single volume. 
The Publishers. CONTENTS. 
PART FIRST. 
Introduction 13 
Chapter I. 
Reproduction 16 
Chapter II. 
Male Organs of Generation. — Penis — The Different Glands — 
Testicles Vas Deferens—Seminal Vesicles—Semen 21 
Chapter III. 
The Male in Childhood—Masturbation—Hygiene 30 
Chapter IV. 
Female Organs of Generation.—Vulva—Labiae—Hymen—Vagina 
— Uterus or Womb — Ovaries Vitellus — Oviducts — Dis- 
charge of Egg—Mammary Glands or Breasts—Human Milk. 37 
Chapter V. 
Puberty.—Menstruation—Hygienic Measures 40 
Chapter VI. 
The Female During Childhood and Youth. — Education—Mas- 
turbation 45 
Chapter VII. 
Man and Woman 47 
Chapter VIII. 
Sexual Intercourse—Embryonic and Foetal Development—Foetal 
Circulation—Duration of Pregnancy—Table for Estimating 
the Probable Duration of Pregnancy 56 
Chapter IX. 
Development of the Body after Birth 5^ PART SECOND. 
Introduction 62 
Chapter I. 
Marriage—Bridal Tours—Sexual Instincts and Hygiene 70 
Chapter II. 
Diseases of the Male Sexual Organs.—Diseases of the Penis—Cir- 
cumcision—Gonorrhoea—Gleet—Chancroid—Syphilis—Bubo 
—Nocturnal and Diurnal Pollutions—Spermatorrhoea—Priap- 
. ism—Diseases of the Testicles—Impotence—Sterility—Irrita- 
tion of Bladder in Male 85 
Chapter III. 
Diseases of the Female Sexual Organs. 
Conception, Pregnancy and Childbirth. 
Menstruation and its Anomalies—Conception and its Preven- 
tion—Development of the Uterus after Conception—Signs 
and Symptoms of Pregnancy—Hygiene and Care During 
Pregnancy—Miscarriage and Abortion—Cross Births and 
Maliformations—Preparation for Labor—Natural Labor— 
What to do in case the'Doctor does not get there—Sore 
Nipples—Nursing Sore Mouth—Itching of the Genitals— 
Female Gonorrhoea—Leucorrhcea—Whites— I fysmenorrhoea 
—Menorrhagia—Neuralgia of the Neck of the Bladder— 
Displacements of the Uterus—Change of Life 128 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS—VOLUME II. 
NO. TITLE. PAGE. 
1. Male Organs oe Generation 16 
2. Dissected Testicles 18 
3. Male Spermatozoids 20 
4. Female Organs of Generation 31 
5. The Uterus and Appendages 32 
6. Penetration of Semen into Egg 34 
7. Progressive Enlargement of Womb, Abdomen and 
Breast During Pregnancy 92 
8. Natural Position of Child at Full Term 95 
9. Displacement of the Womb 125 INDEX TO PART I. 
PAGE. 
Breasts 35 
Clitoris ... 3° 
Covvper’s Glands. ., 17 
Development after Birth 
Development. Embryonic and Foetal 48 
Duration of Pregnancy 52 
Egg, Discharge of the 35 
F’allopian Tubes 34 
Female in Childhood .. 41 
F'emale Masturbation 43 
Foetal Circulation 51 
Gland, Prostate 17 
Glands of the Urethra 17 
Graafian Follicles 33 
Hymen • • 31 
Introduction T3 
Labise 30 
Males, in Childhood 22 
Mammary Glands 35 
Man and Woman 46 
Marriage - 4 6 
Masturbation, Causes leading to .. 24 
Menstruation 38 
Milk, Human 3^ 
Onanism 2 5 
Organs of Generation, Female... . 3° 
Organs of Generation, Male 16 
PAGE 
Ova 33 
Ovaries .. 33 
Oviducts 34 
Penis 
Pregnancy Duration of 52 
Prepuce, in Infants 23 
Prostate Gland J7 
Puberty 3 s 
Puberty, in Males 21 
Reproduction 15 
Scrotum 17 
Semen *9 
Seminal Vesicles *9 
Sexual Intercourse 48 
Smegma 24 
Spermatozoids ■ • 19'2<) 
Table of Gestation 53-5^* 
Testes • v 17 
Testicles l7 
Testicles, Membranes of the 17 
Vitellus 33 34 
Uterus 32 
Vagina 32 
Vas Defereus J9 
Vulva 3° 
Womb 32 
INDEX TO PARI' II. 
PAGE. 
Abdomen, Development after Con 
ception 92 
Abortion 102 
Air and Exercise (Pregnancy) 97 
Alleviation of Pain in Labor 101 
Baby, Care of 110 
Baths, in Pregnancy 96 
Bladder, Irritation of the 84 
Bladder, Neuralgia of the Neck of. . 121 
Breast, After Confinement • m 
Breast, Development after Concep- 
tion 92 
Bridal Tours O 
Bubo • 79 
Chafing 100 
Chancroid 75 
Change of Life I25 
Child, Sex of .... 91 
PAGE. 
Clap 73 
Conception and its Prevention 89 
Conclusion I2’ 
Cramps < Pregnancy) 101 
Crossbirths 104 
Doctor. If not There 10S 
Food (Pregnancy) 98 
Gleet 75 
Gonorrhoea • • 73 
Heartburn (Pregnancy) 99 
Impotence (Male) 82 
Itching of the Genitals . IU 
Labor, Natural 106 
Labor. Preparation for 105 
Leucorrhoea 
Malformations i°4 
Marriage 63 
Medicine (Pregnancy) 99 INDEX. 
PAGE. 
Menstruation 87 
Menstruation, Painful 118 
“ Profuse 120 
Menstruation, Retardation of 89 
Miscarriage 102 
Morning Sickness 100 
Mother, Care of no 
Mother, Diet of m 
Natural Position of Child at Full 
Term 95 
Nipples and Breasts 100 
Nipples, Sore 112 
Nursing, Sore Mouth 113 
Piles 100 
Pregnancy 96 
Pregnancy, Signs and Symptoms of. 93 
Pollution 80 
Priapism 87 
Rest (Pregnancy) 98 
Sexual Hygiene 64 
PAGE. 
Sexual Instincts 64 
Sleep (Pregnancy) 99 
Spermatorrhoea 81 
Sterility (Female). . 121 
Sterility (Male) 82 84 
Syphilis 76 
Testicles 82 
Toothache 100 
Triplets 92 
Twins 91 
Vaginitis (Female Gonorrhoea) 115 
Venereal Diseases 72 
Ventilation (Pregnancy) 98 
Waterbrash joo 
Womb, Anteversion 124 
Womb, Development after Concep- 
tion 92 
Womb, Falling of the 123 
Womb, Retroversion 124 PART FIRST 
Anatomy AND Physiology 
OF THE 
MALE AND FEMALE GENERATIVE ORGANS. 
BY 
PROF. GEORGE HENCKEL. 
“ Ignorance is the curse of God, 
Knowledge, the wings wherewith we tly to Heaven.” 
—Shakespeare. 
VOL. II. INTRODUCTION. 
Of all the sayings of that wise Athenian philosopher, 
Socrates, none carry so much real advice as the old adage, 
“Know Thyself." 
To accomplish this the human family must interest 
itself more, and at least endeavor to know how the act of 
life is accomplished and perpetuated through its progeny. 
The organized parts of the animal body are under- 
going constant molecular destruction and repair. 
There seems to be a certain limit to this, so far, at 
least, as the vital properties of the tissues which involve 
self-generation are concerned. 
Nutritive substances cannot be introduced into the 
system in such quantities as to produce growth beyond 
a certain point. We may limit, however, growth and 
development by a deficient supply. 
Why such development takes place is perhaps beyond 
human comprehension, unless we assert that the parts 
formed are endowed with vital functions, on which life is 
directly dependent. 
Just as well as we know that we cannot force devel- 
opment, we are also aware that we cannot arrest the 
gradual enfeeblement of the assimilative process of the 
tissues occurring in old age. Therefore we cannot con- 
ceive of a living tissue without decay and regeneration of 
its substance. Hence it is impossible for the organism 
to last for an indefinite time. INTRODUCTION. 
An invariable ana inevitable consequence of individual 
life is death. The regular molecular destruction or trans- 
formation of living into effete matter of every tissue in 
the body is always, when life is on the down grade, and 
especially toward the end, superior to the power of repair. 
While death is a due process of nature and the body 
after dissolution is merged into other elements, it being 
mostly appropriated by the vegetable kingdom, there are 
at a certain period of adult life, anatomical elements 
formed in the human subject, which, when they come 
together under proper and auspicious conditions, cause 
development of new life. Thus we have offspring, which 
in turn pass through the same course as parents. CHAPTER I. 
REPRODUCTION. 
Through the concourse of male and female, at the 
proper period and under normal conditions, the human 
and all other species having life, are perpetuated and pre- 
served, notwithstanding the limited existence of each 
individual. 
These perpetuating functions are called reproduction 
or generation. As this part of the work is only intended 
for the developed mind, or at the farthest for those who 
are approaching that period, it is perhaps hardly necessary 
to remark that in the reproduction of the species, the 
young organism are produced from the bodies of the 
elder, the relations being that of parent and progeny, 
hence the latter owns its existence to an act of generation, 
and the new organisms thus produced, become in turn the 
parents of others which succeed them. 
The study of human reproduction necessarily involves 
an anatomical description of the organs taking part 
therein. 
The discharge of the egg, its fecundation during or 
immediately after coition ; the development of the fecun- 
dated egg into a foetus, birth and growth after it, are 
physiological consequences, if union of the sexes takes 
place at a favorable time and under proper conditions 
during a limited period of life. 
15 16 
MALE ORGANS OF GENERATION. 
CHAPTER II. 
MALE ORGANS OF GENERATION. 
The Penis is the organ of copulation. In its interior 
it contains the larger portion of the urethra, through 
which the contents of the bladder are discharged. 
Engraving No. I. 
Male Organs of Generation. 
As will be noticed from above engraving, the corpus 
carvernosus forms the bulk of the penis. It consists of a PROSTATE GLANI)—TESTICLES OR TESTES. 
17 
sponge-like tissue, freely intermeated by bloodvessels and 
highly elastic fibers. 
During the phenomenon of erection it is this portion 
of the penis which is so extremely hard and apparently 
void of elasticity. 
The Prostate Gland is a pale, firm, glandulous 
body, surrounding the neck of the bladder and commence- 
ment of the urethra. In shape and size it resembles a 
chestnut. This gland secretes a fluid which forms a part 
of the ejaculated semen. It is probably only given off at 
moment of ejaculation. Professor Kraus claims that it 
maintains the vitality of the spermatozoids. 
The Glands of the Urethra or Cowper’s Glands 
as these are also called, are two small rounded bodies of 
yellow color and about the size of peas. These little 
organs also secrete a fluid which is discharged with the 
semen, but to what purpose science has so far failed to 
demonstrate. 
The Testicles or Testes are two diametrical orgns 
situated in the scrotum, being suspended by the spermatic 
cord. The Scrotum is a pouch-like process of skin with a 
lateral division, forming two compartments, one for each 
testicle. Its external aspect varies under different circum- 
stances. Under the influence of warmth, and in cold and 
debilitated persons it becomes elongated and flabby, but 
under the influence of cold and in the young and robust, 
it is short, corrugated and closely applied to the testicles. 
The testes are ovoid in shape, varying in length from 
one and one-half to two inches, and are about from one to 
one and a quarter of an inch in diameter. The left testi- 
cle is often the larger of the two. 
The testicles have a dense fibrous membrane of a 
bluish white color for a covering, which is called the 
“ Tunica Albuginea." 
Beneath this membrane is another one called the 
" Tunica VasculosaS and is as its. name indicates, the vas- 18 
TESTICLES OR TESTES. 
cular layer of the testicles, consisting of a plexus of blood- 
vessels, held together by a delicate tissue. 
Lodged within the cavities formed by the above 
described membranes, are the seminiferous tubes, in which 
the male elements of generation are developed. These 
little tubes exist to the number of about 800 in each tes- 
ticle and constitute almost the entire substance of the 
tubes. Each tube presents a convoluted mass, which under 
certain treatment can be unraveled and measures about 
thirty inches; its diameter varies between to yio of an 
inch. Interwoven with this tube are numerous blood- 
vessels and their ramifications. 
To better understand the complicated structure of the 
testicles, we show their internal anatomy together with 
its excretory duct, in a graphic illustration. 
Vertical Section of Testicles Dissected to Show Arrangement of Ducts. 
Engraving No. 2. 
I he testicles are the glands in which that part of the 
semen is secreted which is known as the spermatozoids. VAS DEFERENS SEMINAL VESICLES. 
19 
As the tubes pass out from the testicles proper, they unite 
in a convoluted mass, called the epididymis. 
Vas Deferens.—This is the excretory duct of the 
testicles, formed by a single tube, and being a combination 
of the epididymis. At its origin it is somewhat tortuous, 
but enlarges and straightens out as it nears the bladder. 
Just before the junction with the neck of the bladder it is 
joined by the duct of the seminal vesicles. The course of 
the Vas Deferens (or semen-carrying vessel) is in the 
spermatic cord to the external abdominal ring, where it 
leaves, passes beneath the peritoneum of the bladder, by 
the inner side of the seminal vesicles, finally joining the 
duct of the seminal vesicles, and forms the ejaculatory 
duct, which opens into the prostatic portion of the 
urethra. The entire length of the vas deferens differs in 
different individuals, but two feet may be considered an 
average. 
Seminal Vesicles.—Attached to the base of the blad- 
der, externally of the vas deferens and above the rectum 
are two lobulated membraneous pouches, which bear the 
above name. They serve as reservoirs for the semen, and 
also secrete a fluid to be added to the secretions of the test- 
icles. This fluid has no fecundating qualities, and its 
specific offices are shrouded in mystery. 
As said before, the ejaculatory duct is formed from the 
various avenues carrying fluid from the various glands, the 
collection of which constitutes the semen, which passes 
into the urethra by which it is finally discharged during 
the process of coitus. 
Semen, as eliminated from the male, is a thickish, white 
fluid of a peculiar odor, and consists of two parts, the 
semen liquor and solid particles or spermatozoids. 
The liquor is transparent and colorless; it holds in 
suspense the solid particles, which are about at the ratio of 
io to 12 to ioo parts of the liquor. 
The spermatozoids are the essential male elements, and 20 
SEMEN. 
are solely produced within the substance of the testicles. 
They become mixed with the fluids of the other described 
glands in their passage toward the ejaculatory duct. 
If the testicles be absent the fecundating power is lost; 
none of the other fluids secreted by the accessory organs 
of generation are able to perform the functions of the 
fecundating elements. 
From the foregoing remarks it will be seen that the 
only interesting substances in the human semen, are the 
spermatozoids, the other secretions which have been men- 
tioned and described, serve simply as a vehicle for the 
introduction of the spermatozoids into the generative 
passage of the female. 
The spermatozoids, in their character of male germ 
cells, fecundate the female egg. 
00 
Spermatozoids Magnified 800 Times. 
Engraving No. 3. 
As will be noticed from the above engraving, sperma- 
tozoids consists of a head and tail. During the life of this 
germ, the tail is in active motion and the spermatozoids 
move about with considerable force and rapidity, pushing 
aside little particles with which they may come in contact, 
indicating their great vitality. Under favorable circum- 
stances, especially in the generative passage of the female, THE SPERMATZOIDS. 
21 
the movements continue for days, a fact of much impor- 
tance. When these little spermatozoids of which the head 
measures only Woo inch long by soVo inch in breadth, the 
length of the tail being Wo inch, come in contact with 
water their movements are speedily arrested, and life is 
destroyed in them. 
Before man arrives at puberty, which is between the 
ages of fourteen and seventeen years, the semen does not 
possess fecundating powers. 
These are the organs and their product with which the 
male is supplied by nature for the purpose of perpetuating 
his kind. 22 
THE MALE IN CHILDHOOD. 
CHAPTER III. 
THE MALE IN CHILDHOOD. 
The child in its helplessness is entirely dependent for 
its welfare on the parents. The latter are surely the 
natural guardians, and in that capacity they watch the 
progressive unfolding of the senses of the infant—of his 
will, his reason, his passions and his virtues. While doing 
this, their progeny is moulded in accordance with their 
understanding, and so it has been for thousands of years 
that children have been born and received the lovincr care 
of the parents. 
It is the duty of mothers and fathers to study the ear- 
liest mental growth of their children, for it will be useful 
to them as a bearing upon the future training. Only 
certain faculties are inborn in every man. If parents 
watch they will find from day to day in the first years of 
life of their child, that something occurs worthy of their ob- 
servation, and having ultimately a great bearing upon men- 
tal and physical development. The study must begin with 
the observation of the sensations and movements of the 
child. There can be no mental activity without sensation 
to excite it by giving impressions and affording a basis for 
remembrances and comparisons. The sensations are pre- 
ceded by the movements which begin, even before the 
child is born. The reciprocal action of sensation and 
movement lead us a step farther to the beginning of the 
development of the will. As soon as the will becomes 
effective, the intellect reveals itself, and at last the point 
is reached when inclination becomes a controlling influ- THE MALE IN CHILDHOOD. 
23 
ence ; the feelings assume a real form and the child be- 
gins to communicate its own purposes through muscular 
action and speech. 
Therefore in the gradual stage of development 
mothers should watch their children, for every movement, 
every expression, and all the actions the little ones are 
capable of, are due to some impression. 
The child is nursed. Why ? Because if the appetite 
is not appeased the impression of hunger manifests itself, 
and is expressed in very plain though inarticulate language. 
The child is usually bathed with the utmost regularity. 
Why? If the accumulations of excrement are not re- 
moved the child would soon receive an impression of dis- 
comfort, and its tender skin would soon become inflamed. 
The child is clothed, always to the extent of the ability 
of the parents. Ask why ? To aid the little one to maintain 
a proper temperature of the body. Leave the clothes off 
or supply them insufficiently, the impression of cold is 
given to the child. 
The impressions causing children discomfort are nu- 
merous and might be extended indefinitely, but the three 
foregoing are deemed sufficient for the sake of illustration. 
They are usually removed when within the power of the 
parents, but how often are those giving the child a sen- 
sation of pleasure attended to? 
In this connection we earnestly desire to draw the 
attention of mothers to a duty they owe their little boys. 
That is, in bathing or washing them special care should be 
taken to thoroughly cleanse their genital organs, and should 
they notice that the prepuce or foreskin protrudes beyond 
the head of the penis, or is apparently fastened to it, a 
reliable surgeon should be consulted with a view to 
removing a part of the foreskin. The hygienic laws, as 
promulgated by Moses, made circumcision compulsory and 
this command is still obeyed to this day by the Jews, for 
they know from practice that the removal of a part of the 24 
THE MALE IN CHILDHOOD. 
foreskin prevents in a measure the accumulation between 
its folds of a whitish, grumous matter of a cheesy consist- 
ency. In cases where the foreskin prolapses and cannot 
be laid back without pain, the removal of the substance 
which is called “Smegma” cannot be accomplished. If it 
is allowed to accumulate, it causes the child an itching 
sensation. The child cannot express its displeasure, but 
as soon as its little muscles are sufficiently developed and 
the little fingers can be guided to the genitals, it endeavors 
to alleviate the itching sensation by scratching. The lat- 
ter irritates the nerves located so abundantly in that 
region, the ever present blood is increased in volume. 
The sensation of itching is removed for the time being, 
and replaced by a sensation of pleasure. The child 
becomes tranquilized and perhaps under the influence of 
substituting gratification for discomfort falls asleep only to 
awake and find out that it still possesses a sensation of 
itching at the head of the penis. If not watched, cor- 
rected or ameliorated at least, the little boy will again 
resort to his own remedy and try to find relief in a pro- 
cedure, which if unchecked, will surely lead in later years 
to the baneful practice of masturbation or self-pollution. 
It is to be regretted that the first stages of self-pol- 
lution can already be detected in children of such tender 
years, and caused by a process of nature. Others again, 
where every safeguard has been employed, are initiated 
into the practice by unscrupulous servants and nurses. It 
is a well known fact that the last mentioned functionaries 
have their own comfort more at heart than the welfare of 
their charges. When the little ones cry and do not 
behave during the night, many servants will finger and 
tickle the genitals of the children, and thus quiet the 
youngsters by causing a sensation of pleasure, through 
the ecstasy of which sleep will be brought about. 
If parents want children, which is but a natural desire, 
they should raise them without the pollution which TIIE MALE IN CHILDHOOD. 
25 
follows disobedience to the hygienic laws of washing, 
bathing, etc., or by putting them in charge of servants 
who have no conscience. 
If you allow a child to pass from infancy to youth 
without observing and correcting this evil, rest assured 
that during the period preceding manhood the mental 
and physical constitution of the boy will be greatly injured 
if not ruined. 
It is a recognizable fact that the foundation of manhood 
can be solidified or undermined during youth. It is to be 
regretted that the latter happens a great deal oftener than 
the former. 
In exceptional cases we find a young man passing 
through the period preceding his majority, in accordance 
with the laws of nature, hygiene, morality and education. 
Manhood is easily ruined during the period preceding 
it; by the prevalent practice of masturbation. Others call 
this secret vice “ self-pollution,” and in Biblical history it 
is called “Onanism.” How a boy can be led innocently to 
this degrading practice has been described in the pre- 
ceding lines. If a child has been so fortunate as to escape 
instruction in it during its earlier years, he must be further 
guarded, as plenty of opportunities will offer themselves 
to him to witness and perform upon himself this moral 
crime. 
This secret vice can be traced to the earliest time, and 
even in the oldest history of events we find mention of it. 
(Vide Genesis xxxviii:8, 9.) It is practiced by persons 
in the lowest and by those in the highest grade of society. 
It commences already when humanity is yet in swaddling 
clothes, and ends only when self-pollution has accom- 
plished its work, and landed the poor, miserable subject 
in an insane asylum, and from there to an early grave. 
No society can truthfully claim that it is free from this 
vice. 
We hope that there are many of our readers who will 26 
THE MALE IN CHILDHOOD. 
ask the question, what masturbation, self-pollution or 
onanism is, and what is meant by the names. Let it suf- 
fice, if we only state that it is but a miserable substitute 
for a gratification of the sexual passion, and usually per- 
formed by the hand. The word masturbation means liter- 
ally translated, to commit “adultery by the hand.” 
The moral crime when once checked in youth is again 
resorted to if the child is allowed to pass hour after hour 
in reverie, or is thrown into the society of other boys who 
are addicted to the habit, and where through their sensual- 
ism his animal passions are aroused, he feels that his crav- 
ings must be satisfied, and for him the easiest and only 
way, is self pollution. Through the oft repeated indul- 
gence it soon becomes from an occasional practice, a daily 
habit. The habit grows to such extent that in order to 
satisfy his constantly increasing desire, self pollution is 
resorted to as often as his already perverted mind 
demands. 
The child if not corrected and firmly checked, when 
once caught at the practice of the vice (the earlier the 
better) will soon show the evil consequences. The bright 
eyes, the mirrors of the soul, become dull and sunken ; the 
once rosy cheeks look faded and ghastly ; the lips assume 
a waxy hue; the mind becomes inactive. Memory is lost, 
appetite depraved, cerebral and spinal functions interfered 
with, the young disturber of his organs of generation loses 
all power, mental and physical, and his responsibility for 
the acts has ceased. The mind which God gave him has 
become diseased through habits of a partly self-engen- 
dered nature, causing ultimately death, not even envied 
by the rogue who feels the halter draw around his neck. 
I he father of medical science, Hippocrates, told to the 
old Greeks, when they imitated the vice taught by Mer- 
cury to Pan, that the male semen partook of all fluids 
of the body, and that it was of the most precious 
nature. Other sages of ancient times, whose physiology THE MALE IN CHILDHOOD. 
27 
is even to-day regarded as incontestable, express them- 
selves that the semen is the quintescence of the body; 
nay, more, the substance in which body and soul com- 
mingle. The Creator destined male semen for the per- 
petuation of the species, and not to be spilled upon the 
ground. 
Fhe practice of onanism is surely a most loathsome 
vice, and one to which a sane person will not resort, to 
satisfy a sexual passion. It is beyond the comprehension 
of many how young men (for they never reach old age if 
they practice it) can choose such an abhorrent substitute 
for a purely physiological act. 
Parents are happy in the possession of children, but 
with it goes the moral responsibility to inform them, as 
soon as their mind is sufficiently developed to compre- 
hend, of everything which appertains to sexual matters. 
Many mothers or fathers deem such advice perhaps 
as awful, and not in harmony with “their” sense of mod- 
esty ; but would it not be better to lay this false modesty 
aside, and save the child from certain doom ? 
An ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure, 
a saying as old as it is good. Hence see to it when your 
little ones scratch or finger their genitals that the cause of 
irritation is removed. Do not allow them to sleep with 
untrustworthy servants ; wash their private parts at least 
once a day with cold water; remember what was said 
about the prepuce ; allow them pure childish play; do not 
pen them up without giving them some occupation of 
body or mind ; when they are able to read, see to it that 
they do not get hold of immoral literature ; allow your 
boys to participate in legitimate sports ; it will tire them, 
and drive mischief out of their heads. 
Vice thrives and lives by concealment, therefore do 
not tire of giving your boys to understand that you are 
aware of their wrong doing. Kindness makes the child 
pliable, but rough bodily punishment leads to stubbornness. 28 
THE MALE IN CHILDHOOD. 
When vice has been conquered, virtue reigns supreme, 
and rejoices in temptation. 
“Those who pass their youth in vice, are justly condemned to 
pass their age in folly.”—Rambler. 
As the twig is bent the tree will grow, just so with the 
youth. Raise your child in simplicity and have a careful 
eye on him, especially as to the vice described in this 
chapter. Correct it by whatever mode you may deem 
expedient, as it matters not as long as you obtain the 
result desired. 
Vice practiced in youth means decay during the period 
of manhood, as is so beautifully contrasted by Shakespeare : 
“ My way of life 
Is fall’n into the sere, the yellow leaf: 
And that which should accompany old age 
As honor, love, obedience, troops of friends, 
I must not look to have, but in their stead 
Curses, not loud, but deep.” 
—Macbeth, Act V, Scene III. 
“Though I look old, yet am I strong and lusty 
For in my youth I never did apply 
Hot and rebellious liquors in my blood, 
Nor did not, with unbashful forehead woo 
The means of weakness and debility, 
Therefore my age is as a lusty winter, 
Frosty, but kindly.” 
—As You Like It, Act //, Scene III. 
Any one practicing masturbation or fornication during 
youth, cannot expect anything but dotage during the 
period of manhood; but if virtue retains its supremacy till 
full development has taken place, you will enjoy the inci- 
dents to a happy married life unto a ripe age. Young 
man, leave the forbidden fruit alone until you are morally 
entitled to it; be assured that then it will taste ever so 
much better, and the enjoyment thereof will last longer. 
There is no danger from continued abstinence of sexual THE MALE IN CHILDHOOD. 
29 
intercourse; no fear need be entertained that the life- 
giving fluid becomes excessive—nature regulates itself. 
No young man would think of marrying a girl who has 
had carnal knowledge of others ; therefore, why should men 
be more privileged and commit fornication ? Young men 
are liable to argue with themselves and come to the con- 
clusion, that, because thfey are men, such liberties may be 
taken by them. This, however, is poor logic, and when 
cogitating about wedlock and pleading for love in its 
purity, it should be an equal exchange on the part of man. 
Hence, if the latter cannot give what he does not possess, 
he commences a life partnership by cheating. 
It is not our aim in these columns to lay down a moral 
,code, or even describe it; we have only endeavored to 
draw attention to some salient facts in the life of the child, 
the youth and the young man. When the male has arrived 
at the age of manhood, it is not good for him to be alone, 
as the good book says, hence, if he can he should take 
unto himself a helpmeet, and in that mood we will leave 
him, till we have described the female organs of generation. 30 
FEMALE ORGANS OF GENERATION. 
CHAPTER IV. 
FEMALE ORGANS OF GENERATION. 
For the better understanding of the situation and 
relation of the different organs to be described under this 
head, an engraving showing a bisection of the female 
pelvis is herewith incorporated. The careful study of it in 
connection with the text will greatly aid in a more perfect 
comprehension. 
The Vulva—This name is applied to all the external 
parts, and include the following : 
The Mons Veneris, or the rounded eminence in front 
of the pubes. It is formed by a collection of fatty tissues 
beneath the skin. It is covered with hair at the time of 
puberty. 
The Labia majora, or large lips, are the two longi- 
tudinal folds, extending downward from the mons veneris 
to the anterior boundary of the perineum, and inclose an 
elliptical fissure—the common urino-sexual opening. The 
external part of the labia is formed by integument, while 
the interior is lined with a mucous membrane, which is 
continuous on its inward tract. 
The Labia minora, or minor lips, are small folds of 
mucous membrane, situated within the labia majora. 
The Clitoris is an erectile structure, analogous to the 
corpora cavernosa of the penis. It is situated between the 
upper folds of the labia minora. The clitoris corresponds 
to the penis of the male, and possesses true erectile tissue, 
which plays during sexual intercourse a somewhat prom- 
inent part. THE HYMEN-. 
31 
The Hymen is a thin fold of mucous membrane 
across the orifice of the vagina. Occasionally this mem- 
brane forms a complete partition across the opening of 
the vagina. At other times it is perforated in the center, 
or its free margin forms a membranous fringe. It is not 
unusual that it is entirely absent. Then, cases have been 
Engraving No. 4. 
Female Organs of Generation. 
observed where it existed after copulation. The hymen 
cannot be consistently considered as a test of virginity. 
It may have been ruptured through strain, lifting, 
climbing ladders or other physical exertions, and if found 
in such condition the absence or perforation of it should 
under no circumstances be regarded as evidence that the 
young woman had been guilty of an indiscretion. 32 
THE VAGINA THE UTERUS. 
The Vagina is a membranous canal, extending 
from the vulva to the womb. The reader should, how- 
ever, bear in mind that although in the diagram the 
vagina is represented for clearness as an open tube or 
canal, it is not so in its normal condition, but its walls 
are in contact with each other. The canal is about 4 to 
4y2 inches in length. At its commencement it is con- 
stricted, but becomes wider toward the womb. The 
vagina surrounds the neck of the uterus and makes at- 
tachment to it. It is quite extensile, as it during par- 
turition allows the passage of the child. 
The Uterus is the organ of gestation, and in order 
to better comprehend its anatomy and functions, we give 
below an engraving of the same, together with its 
appendages. 
Engraving No. 5. 
The Uterus and its Appendages. 
The uterus or womb as it is commonly called, is a 
pear shaped body, presenting a fundus, body and neck. 
At its lower extremity is an opening into the vagina, 
which is known as the mouth of the womb, or os uteri. 
In structure the womb is composed of three coats; 
the external or serous, the middle or muscular, and the 
internal or mucous. It is permeated by numerous blood- 
vessels, which during gestation become greatly enlarged. TIIE OVARIES. 
33 
The cavity of the womb is small in comparison with 
the size of the organ, but in its character of elasticity it 
conforms during gestation to the gradual growth of the 
foetus. 
The Ovaries are appendages of the womb, and oval 
shaped elongated bodies, situated on each side thereof in 
the posterior part of the broad ligament, and behind and 
below the Fallopian tubes. The engraving No. 5 shows 
on the left side the ligament just mentioned, and on the 
right side where it is dissected away. The ovaries are of 
a whitish color, and present either a smooth or puckered 
surface. They are held in place by the ligaments as 
shown in engraving No. 5. 
The ovaries are analogous to the testes of the male. 
In structure the ovaries are very simple, consisting of 
•ve tissue of several layers, in the substance of 
v* w -are embedded the ova or eggs, which again are 
inclosed in sacs, called the Graafian follicles. 
An adult female doubtless, possesses several thousand 
of these follicles. The exact number varies greatly in 
different persons, and it is hard to determine. Many of 
these follicles never become fully developed, while others 
are atrophied and are thus made useless. 
The most interesting stage in the development of 
the Graafian follicle is observed at the period of puberty. 
At this time a great number of them (usually between ten 
and forty) enlarge, so that all sizes are noticeable, varying 
in size from to f of an inch in diameter. 
When fully matured these follicles present several 
coats with an albuminous liquid, and project just beneath 
the surface. 
Contained within the Graafian follicles lies the ovum or 
egg, the size of a ripe one in the human subject being 
about Tih of an inch. This small germ has a membrane 
covering the granular mass called the “vitellus” or yolk. 
The vitelline membrane of the ovum is clear, quite strong 34 
VITELLUS FALLOPIAN TUBES OR OVIDUCTS. 
and resisting, measuring a hardly conceivable thickness 
of 2J00 of an inch. It is perforated freely, and there is 
no doubt that these little holes are the openings through 
which the spermatozoid or fecundating part of the male 
semen passes, thus accomplishing its purpose. 
Engraving No. 6. 
Penetration of Spermatozoids into Ovum, Magnified 500 Times. 
The Vitellus or internal part of the egg contains 
the elements which undergo development toward the first 
rudiments of new life. 
Absence of ovaries in the female, caused by operation 
or otherwise, precludes the possibility of becoming 
pregnant. 
The Fallopian Tubes or Oviducts are two in 
number, one on each side of the womb, and are situated 
in the free upper margin of the broad ligament. Each 
tube is about four inches in length ; its canal is exceed- 
ingly minute. They commence at the upper part of the 
uterus by a small orifice, continuing narrow along the 
inner half, and gradually widen out in funnel shaped 
extremities. The margins are surrounded by fringe-like 
processes, one of which connects with the outer end of 
the ovary. The fringed process is called the fimbriated 
extremity. 
The offices of the Fallopian tubes is the conduction 
of the egg from the ovaries to the cavity of the womb. DISCHARGE OF THE EGG. 
35 
Discharge of the Egg. The Graafian vesicles, 
after gradually approaching the surface of the ovary, 
burst. The egg and the fluid,contents of the vesicle are 
liberated, and escape on the exterior of the ovary, pass- 
ing thence into the oviduct, the fimbriated process of 
which is supposed to grasp the ovary ; the aperture of 
the tube being applied to the part where the matured 
vessel bursted. 
In the human female the discharge of the egg occurs 
at regular periods only, and is indicated by the phe- 
nomena of menstruation. 
Among the neighboring organs of those of generation 
are the bladder, which is shown on engraving No. 4, lying 
in front of the vagina ; its excretory duct is the urethra, 
which terminates between the two labia minora. The 
rectum is situated posteriorly to the vagina. 
The Mammary Glands or Breasts.— These are 
accessory organs of generation, and secrete the milk for 
the nourishment for the new born. 
These glands exist in the males as well as in the 
females, but in the former only in a rudimentary form. 
The human mammary glands are surely the most'remark- 
able organs in the economy, a sort of kitchen, carefully 
superintended by nature, as if the human mind was inca- 
pable to prepare the food for the sustenance of the young 
child. Its anatomy is surely known to those interested. 
The mechanism of secretion of the milk is of much im- 
portance, but little understood, and belongs, strictly 
speaking, to the phenomena in life. It is known, how- 
ever, that milk is a secretion from the blood, but many of 
its constituents, such as sugar of milk, caseine and fatty 
particles are formed from substances given off by the 
blood in the glands themselves. During the period of 
secretion the confluence of blood to the glands is increased. 
The secreting portions of the glands are usually increased 
during pregnancy, preparing, in fact, the accessory organs 36 
THE MAMMARY GLANDS OR BREASTS. 
for the functions to be performed in due course of time. 
As long as it is positively known that milk is a secretion 
from the blood, it must be evident that the child nourished 
by the mother partakes in a measure from her blood, as 
modified in the transformation from blood into milk. 
It is a well-known fact that the secretion of the milk is 
much affected by mental emotions, similar to the secretions 
of the digestive fluids. 
A case of this kind is mentioned by-Sir Astley Cooper, 
that the secretion of milk was instantly and permanently 
arrested by terror. 
In regard to the quantity of milk secreted, no reliable 
estimate of the amount given off during twenty-four hours 
can be given, it being variable to a great extent in dif- 
ferent persons. A French scientist made observations on 
sixty-seven persons, and found that the average quantity 
discharged during twenty-four hours amounted to forty- 
four and one-half fluid ounces, or two and three-fourths 
pints. Thus it may be fairly assumed by taking into con- 
sideration the evident variations in the quantity of milk 
secreted by different women, that the daily production is 
from two to three pints. 
Human milk does not differ in general appearance from 
that of the cow, only that it is not so white and opaque 
as the latter. On a close examination it will be found to 
have a slightly bluish tinge (even this differs in different 
women); is nearly inodorous, and of a peculiar sweet, soft 
taste. 
For comparison’s sake we give the average analysis of 
human and cow’s milk, which will about denote the dif- 
erence in their constituents as to quantity of ingredients : 
IN 1,000 PARTS. 
HUMAN. 
cows. 
i. Water 
885 
864 
2. Albuminous matter, 
such as 
caseine, etc 
34 
43 THE MAMMARY GLANDS OR BREASTS. 
37 
3- 
Sugar of milk 
43 
52 
4- 
Fat (butter) 
3T 
37 
5- 
Mineral salts 
7 
4 
1,000 
1,000 
From the above analysis it will be noticed that human 
milk contains twenty-one more parts of water; nine parts 
less of albumen formers ; nine parts less of sugar of milk ; 
six parts less of fat, and three more of the different mineral 
salts. It is for this reason that the milk of the cow is 
deficient in some ingredients and rich in others, which of 
course cannot be ameliorated by the simple addition of 
water and sugar. Water added would equalize in a meas- 
ure the parts marked two to four, but would make the 
deficiency of mineral salts still greater, and deprive the 
child of the bone building substances. 38 
PUBERTY MENSTRUATION. 
CHAPTER V. 
PUBERTY. 
When a female arrives at a certain period of life, 
usually between the ages of thirteen and sixteen, a remark- 
able change takes place within her. This period is called 
the age of puberty, and is the beginning of that stage of 
life where the capability of conception and the bearing of 
children is established. 
The young girl shows this change by a development of 
the body generally, but especially is it noticeable by the 
more rounded form of her limbs; hair grows about her 
generative organs, and the breasts increase in size. The 
period is further evidenced by changes in the moral and 
physical attributes of the female, developing the in- 
stinctive consciousness of a capacity for new functions, and 
which is usually accompanied by an indescribable feeling 
for the opposite sex. 
The age of puberty varies somewhat in different climes, 
thus in the tropical regions young girls arrive at this period 
considerably earlier than those in temperate or cold 
latitudes. 
It is at this time that females begin to menstruate, and 
the first appearance of this function can be considered as 
the definite arrival of the age of puberty. 
Menstruation.—The generative apparatus of the 
human female is marked by a group of phenomena usually 
known as menstruation, by which is understood the 
periodic flow of blood and bloody fluid from the womb. 
The flow commences at puberty and recurs regularly every MENSTRUATION. 
39 
lunar month, unless checked by ill health or interferences 
of an unnatural kind. The menses are also absent during 
pregnancy, and continue so usually till the end of lactation, 
after which they make their regular monthly appearance 
till entirely checked. The complete cessation of the 
monthly flow occurs at about the 45th year. In some 
women it occurs at an earlier stage of life, whilst in others 
menstruation is regularly carried on till twoscore and ten 
has been passed. The time when the menses become 
irregular and finally stop entirely, is usually termed the 
change of life, or critical period. 
The blood discharged from the womb during menstru- 
ation, is a collection of that incident to the breaking up of 
the Graafian follicles and excretions of the mucous mem- 
brane of the uterus. The elimination of blood and mucus 
might be termed a periodical cleansing of these accumu- 
lations at regular recurring intervals, except under circum- 
stances as noted. 
When the menstrual flow is about to commence, 
females are usually affected with some degree of lassitude, 
a heavy feeling in the pelvis, and very little inclination to 
society. In some persons these symptoms are but slight, 
while in others they are more aggravated, bordering nearly 
the pathological state. 
The matter first discharged is yellowish, then soon 
becomes a rusty brown color from the admixture of blood. 
In the course of a day or two, the discharged mass is 
nearly pure blood. The unpleasant sensations at first 
manifested subside, when the flow is once well established, 
and continues in smaller quantities for two or three days 
longer, and finally disappears entirely. When the process 
has come to an end, no disturbances take place till the 
next menstruation takes place. 
Physiologists are not united in their opinions whether 
the Graafian follicle becomes ruptured and the egg freed 
therefrom prior, during, or immediately after the men- 40 
MENSTRUATION. 
strual flow ; it is assumed, however, and that with a good 
assurance, that it does take place during one of these 
stages mentioned, and incident thereto the egg finds its 
way into the Fallopian duct. The escape of the egg is 
regulated beyond a doubt by the condition of the female, 
as well as by that of the membranes covering the follicles. 
The passage of the egg into the oviduct constitutes the 
most important part in reproduction of the human species. 
It would be utter folly to deny the existence of the 
God-given instinct in regard to obeying the laws of nature 
in reference to the multiplying of the species, and so 
noticeable in the lower animals. In human females this 
feeling is suppressed, and their sentiments toward the male 
are subordinated to the artificial conditions of society and 
civilization. Incongruous would be a mild expression were 
we to gainsay that a female immediately after her courses 
has not a desire to have her sexual temperament tranquil- 
ized. Exceptions to this rule are of course to be found, 
inasmuch as some women rarely experience sexual excite- 
ment, and are even void of feeling of satisfaction during 
intercourse with the male. 
The natural modesty with which the pure woman is so 
richly imbued, precludes the determination whether the 
sexual desire and ardor is at any time so marked as in the 
male. THE FEMALE DURING CHILDHOOD AND YOUTH. 
41 
CHAPTER VI. 
THE FEMALE DURING CHILDHOOD 
AND YOUTH. 
The advice given in regard to boys, under a similar 
chapter, is applicable to the female. 
Boys, during a period of childhood, are usually allowed 
a wider range than girls, in their play and childish sport. 
It being the time when the foundation for a robust consti- 
tution is laid, one can plainly see the consequences in 
the two sexes; one strong and healthy, the other peevish 
and delicate. These results are best illustrated by com- 
paring the hardy flowers raised in an open garden, where 
wind, rain and sunshine harden them, and those raised in 
a conservatory, beautiful to behold, fragrant, but how 
easily withered when surrounded by another atmosphere 
than that in which they were raised. 
The faulty rearing of little girls can be daily evidenced 
by the many dwarfed and sickly looking women. There 
is no good reason why young girls should not be made 
robust, and be brought up in a manner which will enable 
them to weather the storms they are bound to encounter 
during life. 
During the period of youth the minds of the future 
wives and mothers are being moulded by means of edu- 
cation. It is well that it is so, for education has brought 
about the eminent spheres women nowadays occupy in 
nearly all walks of life. Education sharpens their intel- 
ligence, and enables them to make the dark side of life 
luminous. 42 
THE FEMALE DURING CHILDHOOD AND YOUTH. 
The matter of education is not exactly one of a physi- 
ological nature, but as it modifies in a certain degree a 
strictly physiological life, it is but proper to incorporate 
in this work a few remarks on the system of education in 
this country. 
The education furnished in the free and public schools 
will prepare men or women for the ordinary walks of life. 
This is especially the case, when parents take sufficient 
interest in their children, and see to it that their girls and 
boys take advantage of all the benefits the public schools 
bestow. Many sectarians decry the system, alleging as 
one of the reasons, the mixed classes of males and females. 
They claim that it arouses sexual feelings in the 
youngsters, and sends them on a downgrade. If this plea 
were made with pure motives, and could be substantiated 
by facts, it should surely receive proper consideration with 
a view to separating the sexes in school. 
Nothing can be conceived which is freer from moral 
defilement, than a newborn child, and surely the little 
mite, as it reaches the world, is purity in the fullest sense 
of the word. 
Our hands become soiled by contact with dirt, so will 
the pure mind of the child if it is contaminated by its first 
surroundings. Let parents therefore be careful in making 
their impressions upon the minds of their children, as the 
ideas inculcated into them during childhood, become 
fastened and are hard to eradicate. 
Hence, if the children are born in purity, it rests 
entirely with the parents to keep them in that state and if 
so preserved up to schooling age, the little girls and boys 
will not be harmed by the interchange of the childish 
glances of affection. 
That class of so-called moralists, who insist, when 
a boy looks at a young girl or vice versa, that sexual 
feelings are aroused in either of them, are simply judging 
others by themselves. From the experience of their THE FEMALE DURING CHILDHOOD AND YOUTH. 
43 
earlier days, during which their own animal proclivities 
were neither guided or checked by their parents, they 
cannot imagine purity in others. These “professional” 
moralists are either afflicted with aberration of their own 
minds, or are so defiled, that they cannot understand the 
old but true adage, “To the pure there is nothing 
impure.” 
That sexual desire is born in the human being as well 
as the lower animal can be evidenced daily. It is likewise 
true, that nature does not assert itself till maturity is 
reached, provided a purely physiological life is led. 
When they appear before this period, they are unnatural 
and result from a perverted mind. The latter can only 
be caused from contagion, and it is just as easy for 
parents to guard their charges against a moral pest as 
contagious diseases of the body. 
Therefore, care should be taken by parents or 
guardians in the selection of the surroundings or places 
where the young girls have to pass their earlier days. 
Young girls, with their immature judgment cannot 
discriminate, when thrown in contact with others prac- 
ticing a secret vice, and are liable to follow and thereby 
become defiled. It is only the moral atmosphere which 
prepares a young girl for her destiny. It is unwise in 
parents or guardians to allow their daughters or charges 
to dream away their time, read “yellow” covered literature, 
or to grow up without suitable mental and physical 
occupation. 
It is with regret that we feel obliged to call attention 
to the fact, that masturbation is also practiced by girls 
and that even to an alarming extent. 
Masturbation is in a certain sense a contagious evil. 
Many young girls have been led into it by those older in 
vice, just for the novelty of the thing at first and it is then 
continued inasmuch as in the operation a bodily pleasure 
is felt, only however to an already depraved mind. 44 
THE FEMALE DURING CHILDHOOD AND YOUTH, 
When young girls show symptoms of leucorrhcea 
(whites) or inflammation of the vulva and vagina, you are 
safe in becoming suspicious, as medical statistics show 
that many of such diseases if occurring during childhood 
or youth are the consequences of masturbation. 
When the mucous membrane of any part of the body 
is irritated, there is an increased secretion, and this is 
specially the case in the membranes of the female organs. 
The waste of these before maturity under habitual 
irritation, is equal to drawing the sap from a young tree. 
It may live, when the practice is discontinued, but surely 
its growth has been interfered with and its majestic 
beauty is absent when further advanced. 
The phenomenal change at the age of puberty and the 
cessation of the menses, are the most important epochs in 
a woman’s life, for during the period embraced between 
them, females are capable of fulfilling the mandates of 
nature. 
A want of knowledge in reference to this subject, or a 
sense of false modesty often prevents mothers from 
informing their daughters of the important change about 
to take place within them as they approach toward 
womanhood. 
We know of many sensible mothers who have 
promptly instructed their daughters prior to the event of 
everything which is to take place, and have thereby guided 
their children through a dangerous period. 
On the other hand, there are many mothers who have 
girls in whom puberty is about to be established and who 
from an over nicety of breeding, deem it not the proper 
thing to speak to their own flesh and blood on the subject. 
To these mothers we fervently hope a little plain common 
sense advice will not be amiss. 
From their own experience they must know and surely 
are enabled to observe, when a child nears her transition, THE FEMALE DURING CHILDHOOD AND YOUTH. 
45 
and at this time, the mother being the natural confidant 
of her daughter, should give her a very plain talk of what 
is about to occur and that she need not feel in any way 
anxious at the emission of mucus and blood ; that these 
things are in the due course of nature ; she had herself 
passed through the same experience, as well as all other 
women when arriving at that period of life. The mother 
should Jalso advise her daughter, not to resort to cold 
baths about the time of the first menses, or subject herself 
to unnecessary danger in catching cold ; as such things 
are liable to suppress the menses, and lay the seed for 
wearisome disease. 46 
MAN AND WOMAN. 
CHAPTER VII. 
MAN AND WOMAN. 
The God-ordained law, that it is not good for man 
and woman to live alone, is perhaps more readily complied 
with than any other command, and when the proper time 
arrives consummation of the union of the sexes, under 
proper auspices is usually the course of human events. 
To fix the proper age at which marriage should take 
place is not easy, for some young ladies at seventeen or 
eighteen years of age are better developed mentally and 
physically than others are at twenty-five years. It will 
entirely depend whether education is completed, the body 
physically developed and the mind in a condition to with- 
stand the strain incident to matrimony. 
Man is seldom developed till he has reached his 
twenty-fifth or thirtieth year, and when physically and 
mentally capable to support a life partner, he should not 
seek happiness alone. 
Men and women are not drawn to each other simply 
for the purpose of gratifying their passions, but the pur- 
pose of union is one brought about pre-eminently by a 
feeling of attachment, induced by that which commands 
respect and admiration. These indescribable feelings can 
be expressed in one word, “Love,” and without it, married 
life is a failure. 
It therefore behooves the contracting parties, before 
they launch upon the sea of matrimony to cogitate 
whether their hearts, the source of all passions and senti- 
ments, are compatible. MAN AND WOMAN. 
47 
While fair minded people must acknowledge the ex- 
istence of grounds which justify the separation of man 
and wife, many of the disgraceful scenes incident to the 
sundering of wedded ties might be avoided, had the prin- 
cipals in the drama, allowed their ardor to cool, and 
reflected before the union for better or worse had been 
consummated. 48 
SEXUAL INTERCOURSE. 
CHAPTER VIII. 
SEXUAL INTERCOURSE. 
The physiological acts performed in due course of 
married life, need no description at our hands. The 
desire is instinctive and coition can take place between 
the sexes under normal conditions. 
The generative act, as far as the male is concerned, is 
accomplished as soon as the seminal fluid has been 
ejaculated during intercourse. 
It is different however, with the females, as the true 
generative act only begins when the spermatozoids of the 
male fecundate the egg, which usually takes place in the 
oviducts; during the passage of the egg toward the womb. 
(See engraving No. 6). 
In the latter organ, the fecundated egg finds a tem- 
porary abode, and is nourished by the female. 
It often happens however, that the egg does not come 
in contact with the spermatozoids and then the former 
after being received into the womb is lost or decomposed. 
EMBRYONIC AND FCETAL DEVELOPMENT. 
After the impregnated egg is lodged in the womb, a 
wonderful change takes place therein, inasmuch as it is 
prepared and properly fitted for the protection of the egg 
and its development during the time of gestation. 
As the development of the egg advances, the womb is 
enlarged, and its walls are thickened. The form of the 
organ also gradually changes, as well as its position. SEXUAL INTERCOURSE. 
49 
It must be evident, on account of the progressive 
increase in the size of the womb during pregnancy, that it 
cannot remain in the cavity of the pelvis at the latter 
months. the first three months, however, when 
it is not too large for the pelvis, it sinks back into the 
hollow of the sacrum, the fundus being directed somewhat 
backward. After this time however, the increased size of 
the organ causes it to extend into the abdominal cavity, 
so that its fundus reaches the epigastric regions (below 
the ribs). 
The wonderful growth from a fecundated egg during 
the period of gestation, which in round figures is reck- 
oned at nine calendar or ten lunar months, presents many 
interesting features. It is for this reason that we mention 
the progressive life of the foetus. 
At the end of the first month the body is elongated, 
straight, attached at its lower extremity by a very short 
cord to the membrane ; head but slightly distinguishable ; 
no appearance of arms and legs ; bladder and liver very 
large; the mouth is represented by a cleft; the eyes 
shown by two dark spots, and the average length is about 
one-half inch. 
During the second month the body is curved, head very 
large, but the neck is scarcely defined ; face with its 
opening perceptible; extremities quite distinct; navel 
cord quite noticeable; the heart and genitals visible; 
average length about one and one-half inches at the end 
of second month. At this period the placenta (after- 
birth) commences to form. 
At the end of three months the extremities are divided 
in their parts ; fingers and toes webbed; genitals quite 
distinct; lungs, spleen and kidneys distinct ; cerebro- 
spinal axis divisible into its leading parts, and nervous 
structure apparent, though its consistency is very soft; 
ventricles of heart separate; eyelids joined together; 50 
SEXUAL INTERCOURSE. 
mouth and anus closed ; nose and ears present. Average 
length about two and one-half inches. 
At the end of four months the sexes are distinguish- 
able ; mouth and anus open ; nails appearing. Average 
length about five and one-half inches, and weight three 
ounces. 
At the end of the fifth month the skin is tolerably 
dense; nails and hair traceable ; head, heart and kidneys 
large ; gall-bladder formed ; white matter of brain present. 
Average length, six inches; weight, six ounces. At this 
time the movements are usually plainly felt by the mother. 
At the sixth month the liver is large and red ; the gall 
bladder contains some fluid ; testes near the kidneys; 
hair distinct; eyelids closed; pupillary membrane still 
present; skin fibrous and covered with fatty matter. 
Weight about one pound, and usually nine inches long. 
At the end of seventh month the brain presents greater 
firmness ; eyelids open; pupillary membrane ruptured ; 
skin much firmer, and red; nails more distinct; testicles 
descending. Weight about three pounds ; length thirteen 
inches. 
At the end of eight months convolutions of brain 
appear; pupillary membrane gone; skin covered with 
fatty matter; nails at end of fingers; testicles in the 
inguinal canal. Average weight four and one-half pounds; 
length fifteen inches. 
At full term of gestation the white and gray matter of 
the brain are distinct; convolutions well marked ; nails 
horny and reaching beyond the fingers ; those of the toes 
are not quite so long; the skin is deep red; hair more or 
less abundant; testes in the scrotum ; meconium in the 
rectum; the navel is situated just midway between the 
head and feet. The usual weight is from six to eight 
pounds ; length from eighteen to twenty inches. 
In the. above account no mention is made of the ossifi- 
cation or formation of bones. The first formation of FCETAL CIRCULATION. 
51 
bone occurs in the shoulder-bone, at about the sixth week; 
next comes the lower jawbone; then the vertebrae, 
humerus, femur, ribs, and occipital bones. At the begin- 
ning of the third month ossification commences at the 
shoulder-blade, frontal bone, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula and 
upper jawbone. At the end of the same month it may be 
seen in the metatarsal, metacarpal, and phalanges of hand 
and feet, together with most of the cranial bones. During 
fourth month the hip-bones, bones of the ear and the 
sacrum begin to ossify. The remainder of the bones are 
formed during the balance of the foetal life ; but it often 
happens that the hyoid or tongue bone is not completely 
ossified at full term. 
FCETAL CIRCULATION. 
The arteries of the womb (being branches of the two 
internal iliac arteries) of a pregnant female enlarge cor- 
respondingly with the womb, which receives the arterial 
blood by that source. The placenta forms at the time 
mentioned, by means of irregular intermeating dovetails. 
Through this the venous vascular system of the placenta 
imbibes in the arterial blood of the mother’s womb, and 
carries it by way of the umbilical vein to the body of the 
foetus. Therefore the mother’s blood sustains foetal life 
and growth of the same. The arterial blood of the 
mother also furnishes to the foetus the required quantity 
of oxygen. When the arterial blood thus furnished to 
the foetus has become vitiated, and fulfilled its functions, 
it is returned by way of the right and left hypogastric 
arteries to the placenta, where in turn the venous system 
of the womb takes up the returned blood, for the purpose 
of ultimate reoxygenation and use throughout the system. 
The umbilical vein and two hypogastric arteries, after 
they leave the body of the foetus, form the umbilical cord 
or navel string. 52 
DURATION OF PREGNANCY. 
DURATION OF PREGNANCY. 
The duration of pregnancy is a matter of much interest 
to those concerned, and in some cases it is a question of 
great moment in its medico-legal relations. While the 
time can be pretty accurately established, there are iso- 
lated cases where the course of nature did not adhere to 
ten lunar months or 280 days (equal to nine calendar 
months and one week). 
For the convenience of our readers we reproduce here- 
with a table for estimating the probable duration of 
pregnancy, and hope that it will be found useful as a kind 
of ready reckoner in estimating the probable date of 
delivery in any given case. Two hundred and eighty days, 
forty weeks, ten lunar months or nine calendar months 
and a week, are the basis of estimate for the ordinary 
duration of pregnancy in the human female. In using the 
table, the day named in first column is supposed to be the 
day when conception has taken place, quickening on that 
in the middle column, being about the middle of the ordi- 
nary duration of pregnancy. Delivery may be anticipated 
on or about the day fixed in the third column. Of course 
it may vary within two or three days; but if carefully 
calculated either from day of conception or from that of 
quickening, the date given in last column may be consid- 
ered reliable, and delivery expected thereon : DURATION OF PREGNANCY. 
53 
TABLE FOR ESTIMATING THE PROBABLE DURATION OF 
PREGNANCY. 
JANUARY. 
FEBRUARY. 
MARCH. 
CONCEP- 
TION. 
QUICK- 
ENING. 
LABOR. 
CONCEP- 
TION. 
QUICK- 
ENING. 
LABOR. 
CONCEP- 
TION. 
QUICK- 
ENING. 
LABOR. 
Jan. I 
May 20 
Oct. 8 
Feb. i 
June 20 
Nov. 8 
Mar. 1 
July 18 
Dec. 6 
2 
21 
9 
2 
21 
9 
2 
19 
7 
3 
22 
IO 
3 
22 
10 
3 
20 
8 
4 
23 
II 
4 
23 
11 
4 
21 
9 
5 
24 
12 
5 
24 
12 
5 
22 
10 
6 
25 
13 
6 
25 
1.3 
6 
23 
11 
7 
26 
14 
7 
26 
14 
7 
24 
12 
8 
27 
15 
8 
27 
15 
8 
25 
13 
9 
28 
l6 
9 
28 
16 
9 
26 
14 
IO 
29 
17 
10 
29 
17 
10 
27 
15 
ii 
30 
18 
11 
30 
18 
11 
28 
16 
12 
31 
19 
12 
July 1 
19 
12 
29 
17 
13 
June 1 
20 
13 
2 
20 
13 
30 
18 
14 
2 
21 
14 
3 
21 
14 
31 
T9 
x5 
3 
22 
15 
4 
22 
15 
Aug. 1 
20 
16 
4 
23 
16 
5 
23 
16 
2 
21 
i7 
5 
24 
17 
6 
24 
17 
3 
22 
18 
6 
25 
18 
7 
25 
18 
4 
23 
19 
7 
26 
19 
8 
26 
r9 
5 
24 
20 
8 
27 
20 
9 
27 
20 
6 
25 
21 
9 
28 
21 
10 
28 
5i 
7 
26 
22 
10 
29 
22 
11 
29 
22 
8 
27 
23 
11 
30 
23 
12 
30 
23 
9 
28 
24 
12 
31 
24 
13 
Dec. 1 
24 
10 
29 
25 
13 
Nov. 1 
25 
14 
2 
25 
11 
30 
26 
14 
2 
26 
15 
3 
26 
12 
3i 
27 
15 
3 
27 
16 
4 
27 
13 
Jan. 1 
28 
16 
4 
28 
17 
5 
28 
14 
2 
29 
17 
5 
29 
15 
3 
3° 
18 
6 
30 
16 
4 
3i 
19 
7 
3i 
17 
5 54 
DURATION OF PREGNANCY. 
PREGNANCY TABLE CONTINUED. 
APRIL. 
MAY. 
JUNE. 
CONCEP- 
QUICK- 
LABOR. 
CONCEP- 
QUICK- 
LABOR. 
CONCEP- 
QUICK- 
LABOR. 
TION. 
ENING. 
TION. 
ENING. 
TION. 
ENING. 
April I 
Aug. 18 
Jan. 6 
May 1 
Sept. 17 
Feb. 5 
June 1 
Oct. 18 
Mar. 8 
2 
19 
7 
2 
18 
6 
2 
19 
9 
3 
20 
8- 
3 
19 
7 
3 
20 
10 
4 
21 
9 
4 
20 
8 
4 
21 
11 
5 
22 
IO 
5 
21 
9 
5 
22 
12 
6 
23 
II 
6 
22 
10 
6 
23 
13 
7 
24 
12 
7 
23 
11 
7 
24 
•4 
8 
25 
13 
8 
24 
12 
8 
25 
15 
9 
26 
14 
9 
25 
13 
9 
26 
16 
IO 
27 
15 
10 
26 
14 
10 
27 
17 
ii 
28 
16 
11 
27 
15 
11 
28 
18 
I 2 
29 
17 
12 
28 
1.6 
12 
29 
r9 
13 
30 
18 
13 
29 
17 
13 
30 
20 
14 
3i 
19 
14 
30 
18 
14 
31 
21 
15 
Sept. 1 
20 
15 
Oct. 1 
19 
15 
Nov. 1 
22 
16 
2 
21 
16 
2 
20 
16 
2 
23 
17 
3 
22 
17 
3 
21 
17 
3 
24 
18 
4 
23 
18 
4 
22 
18 
4 
25 
19 
5 
24 
19 
5 
23 
19 
5 
26 
20 
6 
25 
20 
6 
24 
20 
6 
27 
21 
7 
26 
21 
7 
25 
21 
7 
28 
22 
8 
27 
22 
8 
26 
22 
8 
29 
23 
9 
28 
23 
9 
27 
23 
9 
30 
24 
10 
29 
24 
10 
28 
24 
10 
3i 
25 
11 
30 
25 
II 
Mar. 1 
25 
11 
Apr. 1 
26 
12 
31 
26 
12 
2 
26 
12 
2 
27 
13 
Feb. 1 
27 
13 
3 
27 
13 
3 
28 
14 
2 
28 
14 
4 
28 
14 
4 
29 
15 
3 
29 
15 
5 
29 
15 
5 
30 
16 
4 
30 
l6 
6 
30 
16 
6 
3i 
17 
7 DURATION OF PREGNANCY. 
55 
PREGNANCY TABLE CONTINUED. 
JULY. 
AUGUST. 
SEPTEMBER. 
CONCEP- 
QUICK- 
LABOR. 
CONCEP- 
QUICK- 
LABOR. 
CONCEP- 
QUICK- 
LABOR. 
TION. 
ENING. 
TION. 
ENING. 
TION. 
ENING. 
July I 
Nov. 17 
April 7 
Aug. 1 
Dec. 18 
May 8 
Sept. I 
Jan. 18 
June 8 
2 
18 
8 
2 
19 
9 
2 
19 
9 
3 
19 
9 
3 
20 
10 
3 
20 
10 
4 
20 
10 
4 
21 
11 
4 
21 
11 
5 
21 
11 
5 
22 
12 
5 
22 
12 
6 
22 
12 
6 
23 
13 
6 
23 
13 
7 
23 
13 
7 
24 
14 
7 
24 
14 
8 
24 
14 
8 
25 
15 
8 
25 
15 
9 
25 
15 
9 
26 
16 
9 
26 
16 
IO 
26 
16 
10 
27 
17 
10 
27 
17 
ii 
27 
17 
11 
28 
18 
11 
28 
18 
12 
28 
18 
12 
29 
19 
12 
29 
19 
13 
29 
19 
13 
30 
20 
13 
30 
20 
14 
30 
20 
14 
31 
21 
14 
31 
21 
15 
Dec. 1 
21 
15 
Jan. 1 
22 
15 
Feb. 1 
22 
16 
2 
22 
16 
2 
23 
16 
2 
23 
17 
3 
23 
17 
3 
24 
17 
3 
24 
18 
4 
24 
18 
4 
25 
18 
4 
25 
19 
5 
25 
19 
5 
26 
19 
5 
26 
20 
6 
26 
20 
6 
27 
20 
6 
27 
21 
7 
27 
21 
7 
28 
21 
7 
28 
22 
8 
28 
22 
8 
29 
22 
8 
29 
23 
9 
29 
23 
9 
30 
23 
9 
30 
24 
10 
30 
24 
10 
3i 
24 
10 
July 1 
25 
11 
May 1 
25 
11 
June 1 
25 
11 
2 
26 
12 
2 
26 
12 
2 
26 
12 
3 
27 
13 
3 
27 
13 
3 
27. 
13 
4 
28 
14 
4 
28 
14 
4 
28 
14 
5 
29 
15 
5 
29 
15 
5 
29 
15 
6 
30 
16 
6 
30 
16 
6 
30 
16 
7 
31 
17 
7 
3i 
17 
7 56 
DURATION OF PREGNANCY, 
PREGNANCY TABLE CONTINUED. 
OCTOBER. 
NOVEMBER. 
DECEMBER. 
CONCEP- 
QUICK- 
LABOR. 
CONCEP- 
QUICK- 
LABOR. 
CONCEP- 
QUICK- 
LABOR. 
TION. 
ENING. 
TION. 
ENING. 
TION. 
ENING. 
Oct. I 
Feb. 17 
July 8 
Nov. I 
Mar. 20 
Aug. 8 
Dec. 1 
April 19 
Sept. 7 
2 
18 
9 
2 
21 
9 
2 
20 
8 
3 
*9 
10 
3 
22 
10 
3 
21 
9 
4 
20 
11 
4 
23 
II 
4 
22 
10 
5 
21 
12 
5 
24 
12 
5 
23 
11 
6 
22 
13 
6 
25 
13 
6 
24 
12 
7 
23 
14 
7 
26 
14 
7 
25 
13 
8 
24 
15 
8 
27 
15 
8 
26 
14 
9 
25 
16 
9 
28 
16 
9 
27 
15 
IO 
26 
17 
10 
29 
17 
10 
28 
16 
IX 
27 
18 
11 
30 
18 
11 
29 
17 
12 
28 
19 
12 
31 
19 
12 
30 
18 
13 
Mar. 1 
20 
13 
April 1 
20 
13 
31 
19 
14 
2 
21 
14 
2 
21 
14 
May 1 
20 
15 
3 
22 
15 
3 
22 
15 
2 
»i 
16 
4 
23 
16 
4 
23 
16 
3 
22 
17 
5 
24 
17 
5 
24 
17 
4 
23 
18 
6 
25 
18 
6 
25 
18 
5 
24 
19 
7 
26 
19 
7 
26 
19 
6 
25 
20 
8 
27 
20 
8 
27 
20 
7 
26 
21 
9 
28 
21 
9 
28 
21 
8 
27 
22 
10 
29 
22 
10 
29 
22 
9 
28 
23 
11 
30 
23 
11 
20 
23 
10 
29 
24 
12 
31 
24 
12 
31 
24 
11 
30 
25 
13 
Aug. 1 
25 
13 
Sept 1 
25 
12 
Oct. 1 
26 
14 
2 
26 
14 
2 
26 
13 
2 
27 
15 
3 
27 
15 
3 
27 
14 
3 
28 
16 
4 
28 
16 
4 
28 
15 
4 
29 
17 
5 
29 
17 
5 
29 
16 
5 
30 
18 
6 
30 
18 
6 
30 
17 
6 
3i 
19 
7 
3i 
18 
7 DEVELOPMENT OF THE BODY AFTER BIRTH; 
57 
CHAPTER IX. 
DEVELOPMENT OF THE BODY AFTER 
BIRTH. 
The newly-born infant is still far from a condition of 
complete development. The changes through which it 
has passed in foetal life are followed by others during 
infancy, childhood and adolescence. The anatomy of the 
organs, their physiological functions, and even the morbid 
derangement to which they are subject, continue to undergo 
progressive alteration throughout the whole course of sub- 
sequent life. The history of development extends from 
the earliest organization of the embryonic tissues to the 
complete formation of the adult body. The period of 
birth is only a single epoch in a long series of changes, 
some of which have preceded, while many others are to 
follow. The weight of the newly-born infant is, as said 
before, between six and eight pounds. The middle point 
of the body is nearly at the navel, the head and upper 
limbs being still large in proportion to the lower limbs 
and pelvis. The abdomen is larger, and the chest smaller 
in proportion than in the adult. The lower limbs are still 
partially curved inward, so that the soles of the feet look 
obliquely toward each other, instead of being directed 
horizontally downward, as at a subsequent period. The 
arms and legs are curled forward over the chest and 
abdomen, and all the joints are in a semi-flexed position. 
The process of inspiration is imperfectly performed 
for some time after birth. The expansion of the air cells 
and the accompanying changes in the circulation at birth, 
far from being instantaneous, are more or less gradual, 
requiring an interval of several days for their completion. 
Respiration seems to be accomplished during this period 58 
DEVELOPMENT OF THE BODY AFTER BIRTH. 
to a considerable extent through the skin, which is soft, 
vascular and ruddy. The animal heat is less actively gen- 
erated than in the adult, and requires to be sustained by 
careful protection and by contact with the body of the 
mother. The young infant sleeps during the greater part 
of the time, and when awake exhibits but few mani- 
festations of intelligence or perception. The special 
senses are comparatively inexcitable, and even conscious- 
ness seems present only to a limited extent. Voluntary 
motion and sensation are utterly absent, and the almost 
constant irregular movements of the limbs, observable at 
this time, are mainly automatic. Nearly all the nervous 
phenomena presented by the newly born infant are of a 
similar nature. The motions of its hands and feet, the 
act of suckling, and even its cries and the contortions of 
its face, are reflex in origin, and do not indicate any 
active volition or distinct perception of external objects. 
There is but little nervous connection with the external 
world, and the system is occupied almost exclusively with 
the functions of nutrition and respiration. 
The remains of the navel cord begin to wither within 
twenty-four hours after birth, and become completely des- 
siccated by about the third day. A superficial ulceration 
then takes place at its point of attachment, and it is 
thrown off within the first week. After separation of the 
cord, the umbilicus becomes completely healed up by the 
tenth or twelfth day. 
An exfoliation and renovation of the cuticle takes 
place over the whole body soon after birth. The eye- 
lashes, and probably all the hairs of the body and head, 
are thrown off and replaced by others within the first year. 
The teeth of the newly born infant are but partly 
developed, being still inclosed in their follicles and con- 
cealed beneath the gums. 
The development of the human species after this 
period has been heretofore described. PART SECOND 
DISEASES 
OF THE 
MALE AND FEMALE GENERATIVE ORGANS. 
BY 
ORVILLE JUAN PERKINS, M.D. 
Graduate of Belleville Hospital Medical College, N.Y.; also of the Medical Association of th* 
State of Alabama; Licentiate of the Board of Medical Examiners of Illinois; 
Matriculant of the R n. of P. & S., Ontario, Canada. 
“ A suppression of the truth is the suggestion of a falsehood.” 
59 INTRODUCTION. 
The subjects and diseases considered in the following 
pages are of the greatest importance to every individual, 
inasmuch as many of them have a direct bearing not only 
upon the present generation, but others yet unborn. In 
writing of these subjects we shall, as in the preceding 
volume, endeavor to be practical, using such terms as can 
be comprehended by our readers. And we sincerely 
desire that every one into whose hands these volumes are 
put, may feel the same as if seeking advice from their 
family physician. If we shall say or advise some things 
that are not in accordance with your established ideas, or 
which seemingly interfere with the pleasures of life, we 
ask that you give them a fair consideration—or better, a 
trial—before rejecting them, remembering that it is our 
friends who tell us of our faults. The surgeon has often 
to inflict a cruel wound in order to remove an irritating 
substance or get rid of disintegrating poisonous tissue, that 
a healthy action may follow and life be preserved ; so if the 
occasion demands, we shall not hesitate to plunge the 
lance into the putrescent customs and habits which are 
undermining the health and destroying the happiness of a 
large number of both sexes, hoping thereby to prevent 
much disease and consequent suffering, grief and unrest. 
The family physician, unless affluent, is often restrained 
from giving the advice necessary, knowing that in many— 
not all—instances, it would result in the loss of future 
patronage. To say to a patron and patient, “You are 
drinking too much alcoholic stimulants,” or, “You must 
give up smoking,” is more than many physicians dare say, 
61 62 
INTRODUCTION. 
and it can hardly be expected that they will disapprove of 
the excesses which pertain more particularly to the gen- 
erative acts and functions, inasmuch as the masses, through 
a lack of knowledge in reference to these subjects, are 
inclined to resent any interference with their established 
habits. The writer well remembers telling a lady, during 
his first year in practice, that marriage would remedy her 
numerous complaints, and with what unfeigned indignation 
she received the advice, and with what studied politeness 
asked, “Your charges, please ?” Years after, when hap- 
pily married, with health restored, and the mother of (as 
she expressed it) the “sweetest baby in the world,” she 
magnanimously acknowledged that “it was the best ad- 
vice a doctor ever gave her,” and regretted she had not 
followed it five years earlier. 
If in the following pages we shall be able to present 
these subjects to our readers in a manner which shall 
result in a better, purer physical life, we feel certain that 
disease will not only diminish, but spiritual attributes will 
multiply. MARRIAGE. 
63 
CHAPTER I. 
MARRIAGE. 
My collaborator, in Part First, after pointing out the 
evil habits to which youth of both sexes are prone, has 
wisely advised marriage as the sphere promising greater 
physical possibilities than any other. 
The union of the sexes by the bond of marriage, is 
unquestionably the divine plan as intended in the begin- 
ning when God created man, and then created for him a 
helpmeet, because it is not good for him to be alone. 
Marriage, in a large majority of instances, leads to the 
establishment of a home, upon the virtues of which rests 
the stability of the Nation. Church and government had 
their origin in the home. Here began the first school, 
which has continued through all the ages, preparing the 
foundation—character—to receive the superstructures Re- 
ligion and Patriotism. 
Marriage lessens the disease of both sexes, prolongs 
life, fosters chastity and engenders morality. Jeremy Tay- 
lor says: “ Marriage hath in it less of beauty, but more of 
safety than single life; it hath more care, but less danger ; 
it is more merry and more sad; it is fuller of sorrows and 
fuller of joys; it lies under more burdens, but is supported 
by all the strength of love and charity, and those burdens 
are delightful.” 
BRIDAL TOURS. 
These are a cause of disease that can consistently be 
classed with the controllable. The harm arising from this 64 
SEXUAL INSTINCTS AND HYGIENE. 
custom often continues through after life. The excite- 
ment attending the getting ready for this important event, 
results in the expenditure of as much vital force as the 
ordinarily healthy female can well endure, and when to 
this is added the fatigue and excitement of traveling, it is 
no wonder that nature gives way. At this time, of all 
others, she needs rest. The uterus and its appendages 
are congested, and an unusual demand is made upon the 
constitution, not only to stand the excitement of love, but 
passion as well, and instead of the needed quiet and rest, 
she starts off with the young man of her choice and jaunts 
about the country, in jolting railroad cars, sight seeing, 
deprived of the very things she needs most. This is 
essentially wrong, and is done only because it is the cus- 
tom for the happy couple to do so. There is no question 
that the foundation for many uterine and nervous dis- 
eases are thus laid. We have no doubt, young man, 
that you love your intended wife devotedly, and would 
risk even your life to save her misery or pain, and it is 
evident that your love is reciprocated or she would not 
leave father, mother and past associates for one untried 
though trusted. Can you not, with all the anticipated 
happiness, use a little judgment and conclude to spend the 
honeymoon under your own “vine and fig tree,” as it 
were, even though it be but two very plainly furnished 
rooms ? 
We suggest that a clause be inserted within all mar- 
riage certificates, binding the contracting parties to take 
the bridal trip five years from date of ceremony. If they 
did, there would be less uterine diseases than at present. 
SEXUAL INSTINCTS AND HYGIENE. 
This is a subject of great delicacy, but unusual interest, 
inasmuch as it has a direct influence, not only upon the 
health of those concerned, but the happiness as well. The 
sexual function is, without exception, the most important SEXUAL INSTINCTS AND HYGIENE. 
65 
of the body, as it has a direct bearing upon the contin- 
uance of the species as well as whether the genus homo 
shall be physically and mentally of the highest type. At 
the age of puberty, in both sexes, there come sentiments 
and feelings which are new. Each takes a delight in the 
other s company beyond what has previously been exper- 
ienced. The young man, while not losing any regard for 
mother or sister, prefers the society of other females. 
Father and brother are just as dear to the young woman, 
still, if she follow her own inclinations, she will most 
always be found boating, skating, or playing tennis with 
her male friend. This indiscribable change in feeling for 
the opposite sex is due to the first development of the 
sexual instincts. It is purely physiological, and we believe 
it should receive the thought and consideration propor- 
tionate to its importance. At this period, when the young 
man or woman is ignorant of the cause of these new feel- 
ings, the closest observer will fail to notice any difference 
in the sexes. There may be a wide difference in individ- 
uals of the same sex in this respect, but the sexual 
attributes in the male and female are equal. In further 
proof of this equality of the sexual instincts, we give a 
report from the supervising nurse of an asylum for weak- 
minded children : 
“About two-thirds of the children, girls and boys in 
the same proportion, show evidence of practicing in some 
way, or attempting to practice, self-abuse. The only 
difference I notice among them is, that the girls seem to 
begin one or two years earlier than the boys. We find it 
in the boys from about ten—seldom earlier—while girls 
are detected in efforts to excite the sexual feeling at eight 
and nine years of age. I have made diligent inquiries of 
the parents of the children as they were brought in, and 
have observed myself, and had the nurses under me on the 
watch, and I believe that very few of these feeble-minded 66 
SEXUAL INSTINCTS AND IIYOIENE. 
children are taught the habit by precept or example. It 
seems to be in them; they take it up of themselves.” 
In the instances cited, repressive influences are elim- 
inated, so that natural desire must be considered respon- 
sible for the facts, and seems to us to prove conclusively, 
that when natural, the sexual passion in the sexes is equal. 
We use the phrase “ when natural,” intentionally, as the 
sexual instinct is oftener in an unnatural condition than 
otherwise. Among animals this instinct is purely physical, 
controlled rather by instinct than reason. Thus the male 
in many species is attracted to the female only at certain 
periods, these periods corresponding to the time nature 
has conditioned for. procreation. During the interval of 
these fixed periods in which animals cohabit, they seem to 
lose all sexual passion, endeavoring only to satisfy their 
desire for food and drink. Unlike the lower animals, man 
presents no distinctive periodicity in the exercise of his 
genital function, but on the contrary exercises it at his will, 
provided there are no morbid conditions to prevent. We 
have shown that normal passion is equal in the two sexes. 
We have further stated that this passion is directly 
controlled by the will. The last, we think, will be admitted 
by every reader who has reached adult age. In the face 
of these two facts, there must be some decided cause for 
the difference in the sexual passion of the two sexes, as 
age advances. If the statements of women are correct, 
nearly one-half those married take no pleasure in the 
sexual act, and to many it is positively distasteful. In 
many instances this is due to the perverted belief that 
erotic sensations in women are immoral, degrading, and to 
be suppressed by all the powers of the will. We have 
known mothers who were constantly endeavoring to im- 
press this unphysiological conclusion upon their daughters, 
and with varying success. In the majority of cases it 
diminishes the natural sexual sense; in a certain number 
it practically destroys it; and in others the very effort to SEXUAL INSTINCTS AND HYGIENE. 
67 
overcome, by directing the attention to the subject, stim- 
ulates and increases the feeling, sometimes inordinately. 
The result of these false teachings is that few women a e 
natural in their sexual lives. The repression of the sexual 
instincts results in lowering the vital tone in every other 
function, producing females who are ill-developed, and 
should they marry, receive little satisfaction from the 
sexual relations, and give less. To deny that these ill- 
regulated sexual functions are the source of much domestic 
unhappiness, would be denying a fact known to every 
medical man of any experience. As a remedy for these 
unnatural conditions, we advise that an effort be made by 
parents to so rear and educate their daughters that they 
shall be natural. The greatest peril that girlhood has to 
encounter is the ultra-artificial lifie of her sex as taught 
and practiced at the present time. Girls are learning 
music, painting, ceramics and the fine arts generally, at an 
age when they should be dressed in pantalets and be 
playing with their dolls. These accomplishments are all 
good, but if secured at the expense of a neglected physical 
development, it is building upon the sands, and the winds 
and waves of future marital relations and maternal duties 
are sure to engulf the ill-founded structure. Girls should 
be taught everything pertaining to their delicate organi- 
zation, but with a view to making them physically strong. 
The longer girls are girls, the better. Do nothing, or 
a low nothing that will in any way hurry nature in her 
process of unfolding the intensely interesting bud—girl- 
hood, with its unknown future, but rather wait the pleasing 
development, resting assured that the flower—womanhood, 
will be all the more perfect, and its attributes, love and 
beauty, will withstand longer the inevitable cares of the 
divine destiny—motherhood. 
We do not wish to be understood as blaming “the 
woman” for all marital infelicity,—-far from it. While 
the sexual instinct is artificially suppressed in many females, 68 
SEXUAL INSTINCTS AND HYGIENE. 
just the opposite occurs in a majority of males; their 
dress, habits, associations, all tend to intensify the sexual 
appetite, which is often so greatly in excess of nature as 
to nearly approach that of the lower animals. We say it 
with regret and shame for the sex, but it is none the less 
true, that many males seek marriage only as a means of 
gratifying their passions. No doubt we shall be confronted 
with the question, “ Is not this preferable to fornication?” 
We reply, there is no necessity for either. If the will 
power is exercised, and there is a fixed determination to 
control the passions, it can be done. Muscular activity, a 
line of thought that takes the mind entirely from sensuality, 
abstinence from food and drink which excite and stimulate, 
and above all, getting in line with Christian morality is the 
treatment par excellence for lasciviousness, and the earlier 
in life it is begun the better the results. We have now 
noticed the inequality of the sexual instincts as present at 
the time when marriage should properly occur, and have 
noticed the cause and treatment; we have only to consider 
briefly the sexual relations of married life. 
No absolute or even approximate rule can be laid down 
with regard to the frequency with which intercourse may 
take place within physiological limits; however, if there is 
no undue amount of lassitude follows coition, after a period 
of repose, and no marked diminution of sexual desire, 
except that which may be accounted for by age, we may 
assume that the limit has not been greatly exceeded. 
Intercourse, to be physiological, must be mutual. Unfor- 
tunately, this is not always the case, and is a prolific cause 
of disease on the part of the wife. 
The generative organs, both male and female, are 
unduly filled with blood during coition. If the act is satis- 
factorily completed, this congestion subsides with the 
stimulus which occasioned it. This seldom fails to occur 
as far as the husband is concerned, but very frequently the 
act is not terminated with the wife, which leaves her organs SEXUAL INSTINCTS AND HYGIENE. 
69 
in a congested condition, which persists to a considerable 
extent, and if often occurring, there results at first what is 
termed engorgement, then inflammation, followed by 
ulceration, etc., attended with a long series of nervous 
disorders that make woman’s life miserable. Unfortu- 
nately, this very undesirable condition is frequently present 
before the honeymoon is over, and is the fruits of igno- 
rance, or worse, false education of the sexes in reference 
to the passions which God implanted within their breasts 
when He bade them “multiply and replenish the earth.” If 
the sexes were reared and educated so they were natural 
—physiological—this cause of disease and consequent un- 
happiness would be removed, but they are not, and we 
must accept—until knowledge is more universal—the ex- 
isting conditions, and deal with them accordingly. We 
repeat here in reference to this subject, what we have 
often advised, and that is, the husband should be guided 
always in his marital relations by the wishes of his wife. 
This is an extremely safe rule to adopt, and should apply 
to the consummation of marriage as well as through after 
life. A quotation given in a recent publication, is so 
nearly in accord with our ideas and past teachings in 
regard to this ungracious subject that we cannot refrain 
from quoting it also, and have italicised some sentences 
which are particularly important. The words are ad- 
dressed to the husband after entering the bridal chamber: 
“ Hold ! In your keeping are now placed the destinies 
of that shrinking woman, for wedded happiness or wedded 
woe; your own tranquility and peace of mind, perhaps 
your honor as a husband and father, hang upon your 
decision now. Be cautious how you thread the mysterious 
path before you. You have need of all the fortitude and 
self-control you can possibly summon to your aid in this 
great emergency. You may talk of the instincts of nature, 
but in you these instincts are brutalized; in her they are 
artificially suppressed. You have the double task of curb- 70 
SEXUAL INSTINCTS AND HYGIENE. 
mg the former, and of developing the latter. Undoubtedly 
the instincts of nature would make the marriage consum- 
mation a very awkward proceeding, sufficiently protracted 
for all practical purposes; but society has gotten these 
instincts sadly out of tune for both of you. By proper 
caution and delicacy on your part they may yet be har- 
monized, and perfect accord be secured. Your first words 
should be those of re-assurance and sympathy. Assure 
her most positively that her apprehensions are groundless, 
and that no consummation shall occur this night, or indeed 
at all, until on that, as you trust on all subjects, your wishes 
and hers shall exactly harmonize; above all, inform her 
that whenever your happy marriage shall be consummated, 
neither violence nor suffering shall attend it, but perfect 
and reciprocal happiness shall crown the act. You should 
know that gentleness, moderation, but more than all, due 
and reasonable cultivation of her womanly passion will 
enable you to fulfill your pledge to the very letter. You 
should know that in rare cases days or even weeks must 
elapse before entire consummation can be effected, but 
that when it does occur the slight pain she will suffer will 
be of such a character as shall increase, rather than 
diminish her pleasure. You will also discover, by exper- 
ience, that with due deliberation and prudence, nature will 
co-operate in your favor to relieve you of nearly all the 
trouble you anticipate.” VENEREAL DISEASES. 
71 
CHAPTER II. 
DISEASES OF THE MALE ORGANS OF 
GENERATION. 
The penis is a genital organ, its urinary functions being 
secondary. An anatomical description has already been 
given of it in Part First of this volume, and need not be re- 
peated here, neither do we deem it necessary to enter into 
a description of the anomalies of this organ, such as double 
penis, absence of penis, etc. This organ is subject to 
injury the same as other parts of the body, such as con- 
tusion, cuts, etc. These should be treated as in other loca- 
tions. If they are of any great extent, a surgeon must be 
called. The same advice applies to fracture of the penis, 
which occurs in rare instances. Practically, the deformities 
of the foreskin are the only conditions of this organ that 
need be noticed. This, sometimes, is so much elongated 
as to require an operation, which is called circumcision. The 
Jews make a religious ceremony of this operation, which, 
owing to the prejudices existing against this thrifty sect, 
has done much to create a feeling of unreasonable bias 
against it. We believe if it were generally performed, it 
would at least, result in greater cleanliness and less of the 
pernicious habit of self-abuse. Whenever the foreskin 
protrudes much beyond the gland, it is advisable that the 
child be taken to a surgeon for examination. The fore- 
skin sometimes firmly adheres to the gland, and by a reflex 
nervous action causes various disorders; in such instances 
the surgeon, of course, must be consulted. An accident, 
which sometimes happens with young boys, who in retract- 
ing the prepuce, perhaps for the first time, find themselves 
unable to replace it. This acts in the same manner as 72 
VENEREAL DISEASES. 
placing a tight cord about the finger. The glands of the 
penis become turgid, and if not relieved, inflamed, and very 
painful. As soon as this condition is discovered, the head 
of the penis should be taken between the thumb and finger, 
and firmly pressed for a little time, which will reduce the 
turgidity, when the foreskin can be returned, after which 
cold water dressing should be applied. If this treatment 
does not succeed after a half hour’s thorough application, 
the boy will have to be taken to your physician. 
VENEREAL DISEASES. 
While preparing the manuscript for this work, the 
question often arose in the writer’s mind as to whether to 
describe and treat the diseases generally known and spoken 
of as “private diseases,” or not. The preponderance of 
argument, as we view it, seems to favor a short description 
of these loathsome maladies. Many individuals have 
escaped disaster by the timely warning given by friends. 
We have personally known of numerous instances, when 
even a limited knowledge of the evils resulting from this 
disease would have prevented the taking of any risks, as 
to their contraction. Many instances might be given 
when these diseases have been contracted and the person 
knowing nothing of their nature, has ignorantly allowed 
the disorder to go unchecked until the most serious results 
followed. 
The writer saw at Charity Hospital, Blackwell Island, 
N. Y., a most unfortunate case of this kind: A female 
patient, aged only twenty, was brought to the hospital 
from the New York police court, for being a common 
vagrant. She was approaching motherhood, and was 
covered over the entire body—not excepting the soles of 
the feet or palms of the hands—with sores, caused by 
syphilis. She gave as the history of her misfortune, the 
oft repeated story of woman’s confidence and man’s per- 
fidy. Said the trusted lover, and the father of her unborn GONORRHCEA. 
73 
babe, had communicated to her the disease; she stoutly 
maintained that her whole trouble resulted from this one 
—and only one impropriety. Driven from home by the 
parents who had had her taught all the accomplishments 
necessary to her position in life (which doubtless had been 
one of refinement), told her of the sunshine, but who had 
given her 710 opportunity to know ought of herself or the 
“shadows” of real life. Believing in her ignorance that 
this disease was only a result of her condition, she con- 
sulted no physician, sought no charitable dispensary. As 
the terrible disease became more noticeable, she was 
driven from one situation to another till no door was open 
to her save that of the police station. 
“ Oh! it was pitiful; 
Near a whole city full; 
Friends she had none.” 
As the terrible truth in reference to her loathsome 
disease was explained to her by the surgeon, with the 
utmost tenderness, she wept piteously, and regretted her 
disgrace and ignorance of these things, in equally emphatic 
terms. As the youth of our land are better informed as to 
the long list of destructive results following these diseases, 
we believe that the number suffering from their effects 
will greatly decrease. 
The venereal diseases are three in number, viz., Gonor- 
rhoea, chancroid and syphilis. 
GONORRHCEA. {Clap.) 
Gonorrhoea in the male is an intense inflammation of 
the lining membrane of the urethra. Like all specific dis- 
eases, it is characterized by a period of incubation ; this is 
usually from five to eight days. 
Symptoms.—The first symptom is usually noticed on 
the seventh or eighth day, which consists of a tickling, 
itching feeling at the mouth of the urethra. The opening 74 
GONORRHCEA. 
is found slightly glued together by a bluish, sticky dis- 
charge. A stinging sensation is felt on passing water. 
The symptoms increase, and by the fifth day the disease 
is well established ; the discharge is pus-like, and sometimes 
of a greenish color. 
Cause.—There is only one cause of gonorrhoea, namely, 
contact of the affected person with gonorrhoeal pus from 
another person. This is a local affection, and is followed 
by no constitutional disease, but has numerous compli- 
cations, such as inflammation of the bladder ; of the glands 
and testes, rheumatism and sore eyes, and is very liable to 
be followed by stricture of the urethra. 
Treatment.—We would willingly deceive ourselves with 
the thought that this and the other venereal disease were 
never present in the home, and therefore no prescriptions 
were necessary, but during fifteen years’ practice we have so 
often found it our painful duty to prescribe for this disease 
where least expected, and under such distressing circum- 
stances, that we cannot be indifferent to the ungracious 
task, however much we may desire to be. 
Gonorrhoea, or as it is vulgarly known, clap, requires 
both local and internal treatment. No. 123, used about 
milk-warm, twice a day with a No. 1. A American Hard- 
Rubber Syringe, is the most effectual local treatment we 
have ever used. The organ should be drawn out to its 
full length when the injection is made. 
No. 123. 
%ydrarg. fficMor gr. 
Sdquae dist viij. 
M. Sig.—Use locally as directed. 
The injection should be made after urinating. As an 
internal remedy, No. 124, known as Bunstead’s Modifi- 
cation of the New York Hospital Formula, should be 
taken in connection with the local treatment. The two 
should be continued until all discharge has disappeared. GLEET CHANCROID. 
75 
No. 124. 
Pals. 9$'opabiac . . . 
Spts. SVitrici dulcis 
- aa. l j. 
SPig. Potass 3 ij. 
Pulv. Szt. dlycyrrJiiza (P. &. P Wo.y z ss. 
0il daultheriac gtt. xvj. 
Syrup Pdcaciac z yj. 
Mix the copabite, liq. potass., sweet spts. nitre and glycyrrhiza first, separately, and then 
add the other ingredients. Sig.—l iv three times a day after eating. 
During the continuance of the disease, every article of 
food or drink, which stimulates, must be relinquished. 
Daily sitz bath of a few minutes’ duration, the water being 
at 100 to 120 degrees, will be a useful adjunct to the other 
treatment. 
GLEET. 
This is practically a stage of gonorrhoea, as the dis- 
charge in that disease assumes a gleety character toward 
the end. If it does not continue beyond a week or ten 
days, it will not be necessary to give it special treatment. 
If, however, it goes beyond this period, we advise that 
No. 125 be used warm, following the same directions as 
in gonorrhoea. And as an internal treatment, take No. 
92, two teaspoonfuls three times a day before or after 
meals, as preferred. 
No. 125. 
Kydra/rg. Pichlor gr. £. 
Sxt. Kydrast. can 11. 3 ss. 
(Non-alcoholic. P. D. & Co.) 
Sdquac dist. q. s. ad z iv. 
M. Sig.—Use locally as directed. 
CHANCROID. 
Chancroid, or soft chancre, is a venereal sore, which 
secretes pus of a specific nature, capable, when brought in 
contact with an abraded surface, in whatever portion of 
the body, of producing a sore identical with that from 76 
SYPHILIS. 
which it is taken. It is a malady exclusively local, never 
giving rise to symptoms which can be referred to as con- 
stitutional. The virus of chancroid is extremely virulent, 
and of all specific poisons the most contagious. A sore 
from this poison may be inoculated upon any part of the 
body. It never gets well, but continues to spread. The 
least possible amount of the poison gives rise to an ulcer. 
The diagnosis and treatment of this malady belong to 
the experienced practitioner, and to such we leave it. 
SYPHILIS. 
“Syphilis is a general blood disease caused by the 
absorption of a peculiar virus into the circulation, mani- 
festing itself primarily by the appearance of a poisonous 
sore at the point where the virus entered, and afterward 
by a succession of morbid manifestations occurring at 
longer or shorter intervals.” (Van Buren.) 
The local sore in syphilis, unlike that of the last 
noticed disease, is of very little account as compared with 
the constitutional effect. There is no organ, tissue or 
fluid, either internal or external, appertaining to the human 
body, but may be more or less affected by the virus of 
this disease if introduced within the system. During the 
secondary and tertiary stages of this malady, there may 
occur ulcers within and without the body, and of infinite 
variety. Various disorders of the liver, lungs, kidneys, 
heart, spleen, bladder, are frequent. The brain and 
spinal cord become diseased, the bones, joints, eyes, ears, 
nose, throat, skin and its appendages, all suffer in time if 
this fearful disease is left to pursue its course. 
Syphilis is generally transmitted by means of impure 
sexual intercourse. It may be, however, by other means. 
The surgeon and accoucheur may become inoculated 
while in the exercise of their professional duties. The 
disease has been transmitted by kissing. Children acquire syphilis. 
77 
the disease from the wet nurse, her nipple being affected 
and the child gets chancre of the lips, or the reverse may 
occur; a child born with the disease, having patches upon 
the lips, gives it to the nurse. Smokers of a pipe some- 
times get chancre of the lips, the virus being deposited 
upon the mouth-piece of the pipe by some previous 
smoker. Glass blowers get syphilis in the same manner, 
by passing the same tube from mouth to mouth. By the 
use of the same spoon or cup the disease has been trans- 
mitted to an entire family. As regards the duration of 
syphilis, Van Buren and Keyes, after quoting a case from 
Fournier, where the disease continued for fifty-two years, 
say : 
“ Syphilis, once acquired, stamps its impress upon the 
individuality of the patient, and becomes a part of him, 
and no power on earth in a given case can say when that 
impress disappears. A half century may pass away and 
the trail of the serpent be still visible. This is a fact, and 
as such must be recognized. It is of vast practical im- 
portance, and to shut our eyes to it would be folly. That 
we do not so shut our eyes, even those of us who believe 
in an early and radical cure of syphilis is sufficiently shown 
by the avidity with which, in doubtful cases of skin or bone 
disease, the history of the patient is carefully inquired into 
for a record of pre-existing syphilis, which, if found, no 
matter how distant, makes the diagnosis, establishes the 
treatment, and often leads to a cure.” 
As to whether syphilis can be cured, the same authors 
say : 
“The necessary conclusion, then, is this: That while 
symptoms which can depend upon no other disease than 
syphilis may crop out at any period during the life of a 
patient who has once had syphilitic chancre, yet the viru- 
lence of the disease and its contagious properties do die 
away in time, what are left being more properly sequelte 
in the received acceptation of that term.” 78 
SYPHILIS. 
Further on in the same article, we find the following 
question asked and answered : 
“If a patient presents himself with syphilitic chancre, 
at what period may he safely marry ? Roughly, and on 
the average, this question may be answered by saying, 
after about two and a half years; or to be safe regarding 
marriage, one year after the disappearance of the last 
syphilitic symptom, treatment having been continuously 
kept up, and being continued until after the birth of the 
first child. This may be said, because well managed 
syphilis usually ceases to relapse in about that time.” 
The heredity of syphilis is beyond a doubt. It may 
be inherited by the child from either parent. The disease 
may be present at birth, or become developed in after 
years. I n the latter case, the lesion will be of a bone, a 
joint, a gland, the eye, or perhaps there will be a patch 
upon the mucous membrane of the mouth. Inherited 
syphilis is attended with all the formidable results of the 
disease when arising from inoculation. In a large number 
of instances the germ is blighted, abortion taking place, 
but in the majority of cases, the child is born apparently 
healthy but develops symptoms of the loathsome malady, 
and dies before the first year. How many of the pre- 
mature births, and the deaths which occur during the first 
year of infancy, are due to this insidious, unrelenting and 
deceptive disease, is known only by Him who has declared 
that the sins of the father shall be visited upon the child, 
even unto the fourth generation. 
Treatment. — Fortunately for mankind, syphilis is 
amenable to treatment; and if means could be found for 
the prevention of the development of new cases, the time 
would come when its vitality would have ceased. 
The first stages or primary syphilis, No. 126 should be 
taken, a teaspoonful three times a day for three to four 
weeks. BUBO. 
79 
No. 126 
Kydrary. Pichlor o-r. j. 
Syrup STrifolium 9oo. (P. W. ft 9So.).. z viij. 
M. Sig.—3 j three times a day. 
After constitutional symptoms are established, No. 127 
should be taken for six to eighteen months. 
No. 1 27. 
9Balcvum Sulphide* <rrs. xvj. 
Potass. Sfodid j 
Syrup 3rifoliunv cPo. (P. &. ft 9ho.) z viij. 
M. Sig.—Z j in a tumblerful of water t'hree times a day. 
It may be necessary to leave this off for a short time; if 
such is the case, we advise that No. 92 be taken, two tea- 
spoonfuls at a time three times a day. No. 127 should 
not be left off more than three weeks at a time. The 
hygienic treatment consists in the practice of absolute 
cleanliness of the patient, abstinence from the use of stim- 
ulants and tobacco, attention to the secretions of the skin 
and bowels, and the cultivation of a cheerful disposition. 
The diet should be plain, but nutritious. In case a patient 
has been long addicted to artificial stimulus, it may not be 
proper to prohibit its use entirely, yet in every case it 
should be restricted. 
BUBO. 
Bubo is an inflammatory enlargement of a lymphatic 
gland of the groin. It occurs in both chancroid and syph- 
ilis. It is always present in the latter disease, but may be 
absent in the former. It makes its appearance during the 
first or second week in syphilis; in chancroid there is no 
fixed period of appearance. In syphilis the gland is 
slightly enlarged, and very hard; in chancroid greatly en- 
larged and not hard. Syphilitic bubo never inflames, that 
of chancroid frequently. 80 
POLLUTION. 
POLLUTION. 
This is a term applied to involuntary ejaculations of 
semen, attended with more or less sexual feeling. 
When occurring during the night, it is called nocturnal; 
when in the day time, diurnal. Nocturnal pollutions are 
of common occurrence. They are usually accompanied by 
an erotic dream, and the patient awakes to find his linen 
soiled. When sleep is profound the patient may not 
awake, and in such case is likely to forget his dream. 
There is nothing unnatural in emissions of this kind, and 
it does not point to any disease, but contrary shows sexual 
vigor and chastity. A man happily married who is sep- 
arated from his wife for several weeks, is very apt to have 
nocturnal pollutions. The same thing often occurs with 
those who have practiced masturbation, and relinquish 
the habit. It is not uncommon among young men who 
enjoy good health. 
Treatment.—When the emissions do not exceed two 
or three times a week, nothing should be done except to 
purify the thoughts. If occurring nightly, or oftener, 
No. 128 should be taken three times a day. 
No. 128. 
5 
SI. Sxt. Madras, can. (non=alci)... ? i. 
(P.D.&Co.) V 7 
SI. Sxt. SVucis Worn. (P. m. P <@o.) 
SI. Sxt. fiedladonnae “ ‘‘ 
aa. 3 ss. 
Syrup Simp. q. s. ad c iv. 
M. Sig.—3 j three times a day. 
The patient should endeavor to sleep soundly by tiring 
himself out during the day by some kind of muscular ex- 
ercise. Dry friction baths should be taken, also cold baths. 
He should sleep on a hard bed. lightly covered. Never 
go to bed with a full stomach. Sleeping upon the back 
should be avoided. This can be accomplished by tying a SPERMATORRHOEA PRIAPISM. 
81 
towel around the waist in which is a hard knot in the back 
over the spine. 
Diurnal pollution is rare. If it occurs, it should be 
treated by a surgeon. 
SPERMATORRHCEA. 
Spermatorrhoea differs from pollution inasmuch as 
there is no erotic feeling accompanying the escape of the 
seminal fluid. It occurs usually at stool, or with the urine. 
Symptoms.—In spermatorrhoea the spermatic fluid 
passes from the meatus in small quantities usually at the 
time of defacation, especially if the patient is constipated, 
or a certain amount of the same fluid may be passed with 
the urine. Occasionally jolting or riding causes a little 
oozing from the meatus of a bluish fluid. 
Causes.—This disease may follow excessive mastur- 
bation, but more generally nervous prostration, either 
from overwork or acute disease. 
Treatment.—The system should be toned up by tak- 
ing No. 128, three times a day before eating. The diet 
should be nutritious, but not stimulating. The patient 
need have no fear of insanity, or that he will lose his 
“ manhoodM or become demented, impotent, or that any 
serious result will follow. 
PRIAPISM. 
This consists in a continuous erection without desire. 
Erection with desire at times, amounts almost to a morbid 
condition. Cases of the former are on record as having 
continued for three years. 
Treatment.—Use No. 129, as directed. 
No. 129. 
$ 
Camphor cMonobrom grs. xxx. 
tTiipulin “ c. 
M. ct divide into pulv. No. x. Sig.—One at bedtime, and one through the night if 
necessary.—Medical Summary, 82 
IMPOTENCE AND STERILITY. 
Priapism in children is often due to worms in the 
rectum, a tight prepuce, or stone in the bladder. These 
should receive their appropriate treatment. For worms 
see Volume I7irst. Tight prepuce is noticed in this volume. 
Stone in the bladder will require the services of a surgeon. 
THE TESTICLES. 
These organs have been fully described in Part I of 
this volume, They are suspended in the scrotum, each 
by its spermatic cord and surrounded by connective tissue. 
The left is usually the larger, and hangs a little lower in 
the scrotum. During coition these organs are firmly 
drawn up to the base of the penis. They are subject to 
injury, the same as other parts of the body, and should be 
treated the same. There are many diseases of the tes- 
ticles that in the main properly belong to surgery. 
IMPOTENCE AND STERILITY. 
An individual who cannot perform the sexual act, 
from whatever cause, is said to be impotent. 
One who cannot beget children is said to be sterile. 
A man may be impotent but not sterile and vice versa. 
Thus the absence of the testicles and penis would render 
a man both impotent and sterile. Absence of the testicles, 
sterile, but not necessarily impotent. 
Causes of impotence are absence of the penis, too 
small or too large penis, or this organ may be so deformed 
as to preclude the act of copulation. These causes—unless 
it be the latter which might be remedied by the surgeon— 
should prevent the individual from marrying. Fortunately 
these deformities are of rare occurrence. A form of im- 
potence of more frequent occurrence, is that which arises 
from an unexplainable condition of the nervous system. 
A young man of perfect health gets married and upon re- 
tiring to the nuptial chamber is surprised and chagrined to 
learn that his organs will not respond, however much he IMPOTENCE AND STERILITY. 
83 
may desire. This condition leads him to seek medical 
advice, fearing that it may continue indefinitely, and as a 
result, loss of affection and respect from his wife. 
In case this unfortunate circumstance should occur 
with any one of our readers, we advise that he be frank 
and honest with his wife—who will more than equal him 
in timidity and be ready to sympathize with him and he 
can feel assured that the world will never know of his 
condition — that he procures No. 130, and take as directed. 
No. 130. 
Said Phos. dil. 
Sr. dVucis Worn 
aa. 3 ij. 
Sr. Hannah. Snd. z j. 
Mix. Vocdisaya q.ad -iv. 
M. Sig.—3} every three hours during the daytime.—Med. Herald. 
Until the prescription is finished, we advise that no 
attempt be made to perform the sexual act. If at that 
time the sexual function is not properly restored a second 
bottle full should be procured and taken as before. This 
prescription has never failed in any case, where we have 
had occasion to prescribe it. 
We wish to repeat, that no attempt should be made to 
perform the sexual act until the first bottle is taken—this 
is imperative, and then if there is any probability of a 
failure it should be delayed until the second one is used. 
Another form of impotence, occurring in married men, 
who have hitherto been able to cohabit without any diffi- 
culty, is that in which they find themselves gradually losing 
power in this direction. This class of patients as soon as 
the first symptom is noticed, should occupy a bed by 
themselves for two to six months, and a week before re- 
turning to his wife’s chamber, take No. 130, three times a 
day. During the time of sleeping by themselves, they 
should give their condition no thought, but rest assured 
that abstinence and No. 130 will fully restore them. 84 
STERILITY IRRITATION OF THE BLADDER. 
STERILITY. 
This term has been defined. It is due usually to some 
imperfection of the seminal fluid. Absence of the tes- 
ticles or degeneration of these organs result in sterility. 
An individual may be normal as to the sexual act and still 
be sterile from a defect of the seminal fluid. It is always 
proper, that the husband should first submit himself to 
the physician for examination, before condemning his wife, 
for failure to bear him children. 
IRRITATION OF THE BLADDER. 
This is an affection of quite common occurrence 
amongst males as well as females. As a disease of the 
latter it will be treated in the department pertaining to 
their diseases. 
Symptoms.—Frequent desire to pass water, coming on 
suddenly, sometimes gradually, without any appreciable 
cause. Usually there is more or less burning when the 
urine is voided. The bladder sometimes contracts with 
force and in other cases just the opposite, the stream being 
small. Sometimes it stops suddenly, and after a little be- 
gins to flow again. On damp, cold, or rainy days the 
calls to urinate are more frequent. 
Treatment.—Sitz baths of fifteen to twenty minutes’ 
duration, the water being at a temperature of ioo degrees 
to 120 degrees F., should be taken twice a week. The 
diet should be nourishing, but non-stimulating; the use of 
tobacco and alcoholic drinks should be restricted. No. 
131 should be taken, two teaspoonfuls every four hours 
during the day. Care should be taken by the patient that 
the bladder is thoroughly emptied each time that nature 
calls, as urine remaining in the bladder only acts as an ir- 
ritant to the inflamed surface. Boys should be taught 
early in life to give sufficient time to this function and not 
hurriedly contract the bladder, or in after years they may IRRITATION OF THE BLADDER. 
85 
suffer the consequences. Seven out of ten of the so 
called kidney diseases are nothing but irritation of the 
bladder. Remember this before investing your money in 
“kidney cures,” and try No. 131 first. 
No. 131. 
k 
fylrsae § J. 
SCupulin 3 ss. 
S/laucM bullient o j. 
Wein.j adde. 
Scdii fficarb 3 ij. 
Sinct. @pii. camph h. 3 1 j • 
M. Sig.—3 ij every four hours. 86 
FEMALE GENERATIVE ORGANS. 
CHAPTER III. 
DISEASES OF THE FEMALE GENER- 
ATIVE ORGANS. 
The female organs of generation, like those of the 
male, have been thoroughly described by my collaborator 
in Part I, of this volume, and if the reader has not done 
so already, we advise that a thorough study be made of 
the same. The health of womankind is a matter of vital 
interest to every person. When we consider the impor- 
tant part which she bears in the reproduction of the 
species; how a large proportion of her time is taken in 
carrying, nursing and rearing the young; how during 
gestation and lactation the very blood is changed in its 
course ; and how her thoughts and feelings are moulded 
to accord with her relation, we are able to comprehend, in 
a measure, the extra amount of vital force required by her 
in the performance of these functions, and that her reserve 
force must be ample, otherwise she is unable to endure 
the physical and mental strain incident to her manifold 
destinies. The wider diffusion of physiological knowledge 
is bearing fruit, and as the pseudo-modesty which pre- 
vailed a few years ago in reference to these important 
subjects, wears away and woman realizes more of the 
sublime mysteries and phenomena of her physical and 
spiritual existence, she will come up to full womanhood 
with the endowment of her generative capacities as an 
ever-present influence, controlling her growth in mind and 
body. In ripe womanhood her sex will be over-shadowing ; 
and when her fruitage shall have past, its influence will 
still surround her like a glory to her latest day. MENSTRUATION. 
87 
MENSTRUATION. 
The two most important epochs in woman’s life are, 
(i) commencement, and (2) the close of menstruation. 
Each is attended with more or less danger, and unless 
carefully guarded against, many diseases are liable to 
follow. Menstruation—known also as the “ monthly sick- 
ness,” catamenia, “menses,” “periods,” etc.—is the most 
important era in a girl’s life ; it is the threshold, so to 
speak, of womanhood, the boundary line which separates 
the girl from the woman, and most beautifully described 
by Longfellow in the following lines: 
“ Standing with reluctant feet 
Where the brook and river meet, 
Womanhood and childhood fleet!” 
The physiology of menstruation requires no further 
notice than it has already received in Part I, and it remains 
for us to speak of it only so far as it deviates from health. 
Menstruation usually occurs once every lunar month 
with most females, to the day, or even hour. In some 
instances, instead of coming on every four weeks, it occurs 
every three, and if the lady is “ regular,” it should not be 
interfered with. Three to five days is the time that the 
flow usually continues. This, however, varies with dif- 
ferent individuals ; in some it continues for a week, and in 
others even longer. As a rule, a woman conceives only 
during the time she is “ regular,” although there are cases 
on record where women became pregnant who had never 
menstruated, as there are also recorded cases where a dis- 
charge resembling the menses, occurred regularly every 
month during gestation ; it is doubtful, however, if this 
discharge were a true menstrual flow. However early in 
life menstruation occurs, conception may take place, and 
when a woman ceases to “be unwell,” she ceases to bear 
children. There are cases on record where girls living in 
warm (limates, at the age of nine to eleven years, became 88 
MENSTRUATION. 
mothers, as there are also instances where women have 
given birth to healthy children at fifty and upwards. One 
extreme case is published by Dr. John Kennedy of Edin- 
burg, of a woman at the age of sixty-two, who gave birth 
to a healthy child and at the time was the mother of 
twenty children. Such cases as the above are rare, and is 
noted only as a matter of interest. When a lady is “ reg- 
ular,7’ it is understood that her flow appears on time, and 
is of the usual “quality7’ and “quantity.77 If she be only 
natural as to time, and the flow be either scanty or the 
opposite, or too pale or too dark, it indicates that some- 
thing is wrong and she should immediately have pre- 
scription No. 149 prepared, and take as directed. 
No. 149. 
SSL Sxt. SCydras. can. (non-ale.) . 
(P. D. & Co.) 
SSI. Sxt JlitckeMa T&epens 
(P. D. & Co.) 
SSL Sxt. 9oirnici. 7&ac 
(P. D. & Co.) 
SSL Sxt. yShamae. lut. {false unicorn) 
(P. D. & Co.) 
aa. | ss. 
Simp. Slix 3 ij. 
M. Sig.—Teaspoonful three times a day. 
The “discharge,” when natural, is of a bright red 
color, resembling very nearly blood which would escape if 
the finger were cut. As it escapes upon the napkin it is 
more or less mixed with the secretions from the vagina, 
which changes the appearance somewhat. The origin of 
the blood in menstruation is from the lining membrane of 
the u-terus. The object of menstruation is without doubt 
the relieving of the congestion of the ovaries, which occurs 
at the time of the ripening of the ova (eggs). When we 
consider that during the natural years of menstruation, 
upward of one hundred pounds of blood are thus discharged 
from the body, we cannot help concluding that it is for a 
wise purpose. RETARDATION OF MENSTRUATION. 
89 
RETARDATION OF MENSTRUATION. 
It often occurs that menstruation is delayed a few 
months, or a year or two, beyond what is the natural age 
for its appearance. If the patient does not seem to suffer, 
no medicine need be given more than to regulate the 
appetite, bowels, etc., and see to it that all hygienic meas- 
ures are complied with, as proper clothing, a nutritious 
diet, such as milk, lean meats, eggs, etc., and above all, an 
abundance of exercise in the open air and sunshine. If 
there is any nervousness, denoted by an irritable temper, 
peevishness, etc., or pain in the region of the pelvis, head- 
ache, or pain in the limbs, it will be advisable to give No. 
149 for about four to six weeks, and then in its place give 
No. 144 until the prescription has been filled four times. 
If this does not establish the flow, it will be advisable to 
have the family physician see the patient, as sometimes 
the cause of delay is the result of mechanical obstruction, 
such as an imperforate hymen, closure of the vagina, or 
absence of the womb. These conditions occur very rarely. 
The first named is the most frequent, and when present 
will require treatment of a surgical nature. 
CONCEPTION AND ITS PREVENTION. 
It has now been learned that every lunar month (28 
days), a discharge of mucus and blood takes place 
from the female genital organs, and by turning to pages 
32 to 35 of this volume, it will be learned that at this time, 
or just before, a Graafian follicle of the ovary bursts and 
discharges into the fmbriated opening of the Fallopian 
tube, an ovum (egg). This egg resembles in structure 
very nearly that of the yolk of the hen’s egg ; it, however, 
has no part surrounding it corresponding to the “white” 
of the fowl’s egg. It is from the white of the egg that the 
young bird receives its material for growth during incu- 90 
CONCEPTION AND ITS PREVENTION. 
bation. The human egg being nourished within the body 
receives its material for growth from the mother, hence 
there is no necessity for an external part or “ white.” The 
human ovum, or egg, is very small, requiring 125 of them 
laid side by side to reach one inch. At every month 
during the period a woman menstruates, an ovum is dis- 
charged into the Fallopian tube as above described, and 
passes through it to the uterus, and if unimpregnated, 
finally loses its vitality, and is discharged from the body 
via the vagina. The male elements (spermatozoids), 
which are deposited within the vagina during coition, have 
the power of locomotion and pass into the uterus, and 
from there into the Fallopian tube. If in their passage 
they come in contact with the ovum, they immediately 
penetrate its surrounding membrane (see engraving No. 
6), and impregnation or conception has taken place, and 
from this union of the two elements a new one is formed, 
endowed with the power of developing into an individual, 
capable of thought, possessing a will, and almost innu- 
merable passions. This successive development from the 
union of two elements, the combined weight of which is less 
than the one hundredth part of a grain, and which are so 
minute that the unaided human eye cannot perceive them, 
is the most wonderful of all of nature’s incomprehensible 
processes. Mystery of mysteries! Unknown! Incon- 
ceivable ! Divine! 
The ovum, after impregnation, attaches itself to the 
interior of the uterus and by a process known as segmen- 
tation, gradually develops into a foetus, as described on 
pages 48 to 5 1. 
Can conception be prevented at all times? is a question 
often asked. During the last decade or two almost innu- 
merable books and pamphlets have been written upon this 
subject, many of them claiming to have discovered an 
infallible means for preventing conception. The real pur- 
port of these works is to make money by selling an inert CONCEPTION AND ITS PREVENTION. 
91 
compound for a good round price. There are very few 
journals of the present day but contain advertisements of 
this character, and we wish to say to our readers, and em- 
phatically, there is no known drug or combination of the 
same, taken internally, capable of preventing conception, 
and any person who claims to the contrary should be set 
down as a fraud and an impostor. Conception is pre- 
vented, but the only way which does not directly interfere 
with nature’s laws, is abstinence from sexual intercourse. 
The menstrual period usually occupies about five days, 
and if to this is added fourteen—the time the ovum is 
passing through the Fallopian tube—a period is reached 
in which conception is not likely to take place once in five 
hundred times. The number of days covered by this 
period of immunity is really but seven, as it is possible for 
conception to occur, if intercourse takes place within forty- 
eight hours previous to the appearance of the monthly 
sickness. Numerous remedies and devices have been 
originated for the prevention of conception, but as before 
stated, they are all in direct opposition to physiological 
laws, and entail upon the user more or less disease; they 
are all to a greater or less degree failures, and we advise 
our readers not to employ them. 
In this connection it may be well to say something in 
reference to the sex of the child resulting from conception, 
as this is a matter of considerable importance in many 
instances. Without entering into the different theories 
upon this subject, we will only state what has been 
borne out by actual facts. As a rule, the sooner conception 
occurs after the menstrual flow ceases, the more likely is 
the child to be a female. If intercourse takes place toward 
the end of the fourteen days, and conception results there- 
from, the child is more likely to be a male. Stockbreeders 
understand this theory and act accordingly. 
If in place of one ovum being discharged as before 
described, there are two, and impregnation occurs, twins 92 
DEVELOPMENT OF THE UTERUS. 
are the result; if three, triplets. In the case of twins, it 
is more likely that an ovum is discharged from each ovary 
rather than two from one. 
DEVELOPMENT OF THE UTERUS 
AFTER CONCEPTION. 
The changes taking place in the uterus after conception 
are, perhaps, as remarkable as any of the wonderful physi- 
ological occurrences incident to regeneration. In the 
virgin this organ measures about two and one-half to three 
Progressive Enlargement of Womb, Abdomen and Breasts during Pregnancy 
Engraving No. 7. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PREGNANCY. 
93 
inches in length, and one and one-half inches in breadth, 
i»s weight being about one and one-half ounces. 
At the full period of gestation it measures about twelve 
inches in length, and nine inches in breadth, and would 
weigh empty, two to two and one-half pounds. The 
engraving (No. 7), as indicated by the Roman numerals, 
will give a good idea of this unparalleled change. At the 
end of the first lunar month the size is unchanged, and at 
the fifth is not larger than a pint bowl; after that period 
it increases very rapidly. It must be remembered, that 
this engraving is not to show the position, only the size. 
At about the fifth month the uterus rise into the abdom- 
inal cavity, where it remains until just previous to labor, 
when it sinks as far into the pelvic cavity as its size will 
permit. 
The dotted lines show the size of the abdomen and 
breast at the months corresponding to the figures given ; 
the lines at the back also show the inward curvature at 
this locality caused by the increased weight in front. 
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PREGNANCY. 
The first thing that leads a woman to suspect that 
conception has taken place is her ceasing to be unwell. If 
she has previously been regular, and there is no pain or 
unusual ill-feeling to which she can attribute the stoppage, 
it is of more consequence than if she had previously been 
irregular with her sickness, and is a strong symptom of 
pregnancy. 
The second symptom is morning sickness. 1 his, when 
present, occurs usually not later than fourteen days after 
conception, and continues for a variable time; with some 
it continues through the entire period of gestation, while 
some never have it. The writer has known several ladies 
who claimed that the last commenced within a 
few minutes of conception. It usually disappears after the 
third or fourth month. 94 
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PREGNANCY. 
Morning sickness, in most instances, occurs as soon as 
the patient gets upon her feet, or assumes the upright 
position. The sickness is peculiar, resembling that of sea- 
sickness with some; others describe it as a deadening or 
sinking sensation. It does not always occur in the morn- 
inm If the mouth of the womb be touched at this time, 
o 
it will feel soft, about as firm as the upper lip; if preg- 
nancy is not present, it will be about as hard as the end of 
the nose. 
The third symptom, occurring about the second month, 
is a change in the breasts. They enlarge somewhat, the 
veins showing plainly; there is throbbing in the breast, 
and soreness of the nipple. The areola becomes darker, 
which increases to the end of pregnancy. 
These changes occurring in a first pregnancy are val- 
uable, and can be relied upon, especially if with the other 
change there is milk or fluid in the nipple. At the end of the 
third month there is slight enlargement of the abdomen ; 
this increases gradually from this time till near the end of 
the 280 days. (See Fig. 7.) 
In the fourth calendar month (16 to 18 weeks), “ quick- 
ening” occurs. Quickening is caused by the ascent of the 
womb from within the pelvic cavity into the abdomen. It 
can now be felt just above the pubic bone, about the size 
of a pint bowl. From this period a movement is felt, 
which is described by some as a “fluttering;” by others 
as a beating or rearing sensation. This feeling is caused 
by the movements of the child, and may occur a half dozen 
or more times a day, or it may be days that it is not felt at 
all. The idea has been, and is still so with many, that the 
life of the foetus begins with quickening, and that previous 
to it there was no harm in promoting abortion. This is 
entirely wrong, as life is present from the very moment 
that the spermatozoa penetrates the ovum (see Part I) 
and an attempt to procure an abortion is as much a crime’ 
as at full time, or even if the child were actually born. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PREGNANCY. 
95 
The fifth symptom, occurring in the fifth month, is 
increased size and hardness of the abdomen. Movement 
will also be felt quite distinctly at this time. 
Sixth symptom is continued increase of the abdomen, 
the umbilical depression beginning to protrude. 
Seventh month the other symptoms are all continued, 
excepting, possibly, morning sickness has ceased. The 
Engraving No. 8. 
Natural Position of Child at Full Term 
face shows more or less emaciation, and in many cases 
“moth patches.” The umbilical depression is nearly, if 
not quite obliterated, or there may be protrusions in place 
of depressions. The womb at this time has increased, and 96 
PREGNANCY. 
is felt above the navel. it must be remembered that the 
seventh calendar month (31 weeks) corresponds nearly to 
the e:ghth lunar month. 
The eighth and ninth months show a continuation of 
the symptoms as noticed above. The abdomen continues 
to enlarge, as do the breasts. There is also a noticeable 
widening of the hips, and entire pelvic region. There are 
occasional symptoms which may or may not be present, 
such as heartburn, toothache, increased flow of saliva, 
change in disposition, likes and dislikes in eating, etc., etc. 
PREGNANCY. 
As soon as a lady becomes pregnant, she ought, on no 
account, to wear tight dresses. The term used by the 
French to indicate this condition, is enciente from incincta, 
unbound, and could well be adopted as the key note for a 
lady’s attire during this interesting condition. The clothes 
should be so arranged as not to interfere with the gradual 
development of either abdomen or breasts. The corset, if 
worn at all, should have the steels removed. The practice 
of “dressing down” the enlargement of the abdomen in 
the early months of pregnancy is a custom which should 
receive severe censure. It often causes miscarriage, cross 
births, etc. If a miscarriage occurs from such cause, the 
mother will have the consciousness of having destroyed 
her own child. Garters should never be worn tight, but 
during pregnancy this is doubly true, as it increases the 
natural tendency of the feet and legs to swell. If the 
swelling of these does occur it is advised that your phy- 
sician be consulted. 
BATHS. 
A sitz or sponge bath is the best for a pregnant woman. 
The warm bath is too relaxing, and the shower bath is 
liable to produce too much of a shock. The sponge bath 
should be taken daily, and quite cool. PREGNANCY. 
97 
AIR AND EXERCISE. 
As soon as there is a suspicion that conception has 
occurred, long walks should be avoided, as it may cause 
flooding or miscarriage. We do not wish our readers to 
get the idea that walking must not be indulged in during 
this time, but on the other hand we wish to impress upon 
them, that nothing is of greater benefit than taking of short, 
frequent walks during the whole period of pregnancy ; 
indeed, the more a lady who is enciente is out-of-doors the 
better ; the exercise and air will prevent many of the un- 
pleasant symptoms attendant on that state; it further aids 
in keeping the bowels regular, which is very essential. If 
occupation is conjoined with the exercise and fresh air, it 
will be so much better. While impressing the importance 
of gentle, agreeable exercise, we wish to caution our 
readers against over-reaching, lifting, running or dancing. 
Horseback riding should not be taken during pregnancy. 
The principal reason why the laboring women have easy 
and quick labors, is that they are obliged to exercise, many 
of them having to go into the field to work. The rich 
lady should turn this to her benefit and instead of spending 
her time on the sofa or easy chair, should have work to do, 
and attend to it. She should remember that the hardest 
work in the world is doing nothing. Idleness is most 
injurious in pregnancy. Robert Burton, in his “Anatomy 
of Melancholy,7’ thus writes of idleness : “Idleness is the 
badge of gentry, the bane of body and mind, the nurse of 
Naughtiness, the stepmother of discipline, the chief author 
of all Mischief, one of the seven deadly sins, the cushion 
upon which the Devil chiefly reposes, and a great cause 
not only of Melancholy, but of many other diseases, for the 
mind is naturally active; and if it be not occupied about 
some honest business, it rushes into Mischief, or sinks into 
melancholy.” 98 
PREGNANCV. 
VENTILATION. 
We have endeavored at every given opportunity to im- 
press upon our readers the great necessity of pure air and 
sunshine. In no condition is it more essential than in preg- 
nancy ; not only should the lady who is enciente be in the air 
during the day, but she should see to it that an abundance 
is admitted to her sleeping apartment at all times. No 
doubt some will protest against the “night air,” and to 
these we wish to say, better “night air” than no air. 
Donbtless, reader, you think your sleeping chamber is 
well ventilated; here is a test: After dressing- in the 
morning take a walk of a few blocks, leaving your room 
just as you slept in it; upon entering it when you return 
if there is no unpleasant smell discernible, the ventilation 
is perfect; very likely the sentinel—nose—will discern an 
enemy in the camp in the form of exhaled carbonic acid 
gas or the evaporation from the body, which is constantly 
being given off in the form of insensible perspiration. 
REST. 
A lady who is efyciente should endeavor to lie down for 
a short rest every day. If she gets in the habit of having 
a “nap” after lunch it will be all the better, but she should 
lie down once or twice each day, even though she does not 
sleep. In the early months of pregnancy it will do much 
to prevent miscarriage, and in the latter months it rests 
the ligaments and muscles, which are overtaxed by the 
increased weight of the womb. 
There is, in the latter months, occasionally a feeling of 
faintness or of suffocation on lying down ; to avoid this the 
head and shoulders should be bolstered up for a while, and 
the pillows removed one at a time, till the horizontal 
position is reached. 
FOOD. 
A pregnant woman ought to exercise care as to her 
diet; during the early months it should be restricted, non- PREGNANCY. 
99 
stimulating, but nourishing. Stimulants of all kinds should 
be strictly avoided ; it will be better for her and her baby. 
After she is further advanced her appetite, as a rule, will im- 
prove and she can then eat in quantities to supply the in- 
creased demand. Her food should continue plain, but must 
be frequently varied. Fruits of all kinds, poultry, game, 
fish, etc., in fact, most anything she likes, provided it is not 
“rich” or highly seasoned. 
SLEEP. 
If the preceding advice as to dress, bathing, air, exer- 
cise, etc., is followed, we think that sleep will be natural 
and refreshing, as the cause of restlessness in pregnancy 
can usually be traced to some hygienic error or neglect. 
MEDICINE. 
A pregnant woman should take very little medicine; 
there are, however, some trifling ailments that require 
attention. Constipation is quite frequent during preg- 
nancy. Nothing but the mildest aperient should be used. 
With a proper diet there will seldom be an occasion for 
opening medicine. Honey, stewed prunes, baked apples, 
stewed rhubarb, figs, grapes, brown bread, should all be 
tried before resorting to medicine; if these do not produce 
the desired effect, Nos. 56 and 57 may be taken as directed 
under treatment of constipation, in Vol. I. 
If diarrhoea occurs, enough Turkish rhubarb, either in 
powder, tincture or fluid extract, should be taken to gently 
act upon the bowels. The spice plaster, recommended on 
page 447, Vol. I,.applied over the bowels will often afford 
great relief. Don’t check the diarrhoea too quickly, as it 
is probable that nature is trying to relieve the system of 
something which it ought to be rid of. 
HEARTBURN. 
Heartburn is a frequent and often very annoying con- 
dition of pregnancy. Liinewater taken in milk is of great 100 
MORNING SICKNESS. 
benefit, and is easily procured. Ten to twenty drops of 
the aromatic spirits of ammonia in a couple of table- 
spoonfuls of water taken a half-hour after eating, will 
relieve this trouble. This last remedy is excellent in case 
any faintness or feeling of suffocation is present upon 
lying down. 
Waterbrasn, piles, toothache, chafing, occurring during 
pregnancy, should be treated as directed in Vol. I. 
MORNING SICKNESS. 
Morning sickness is often a distressing, though not 
dangerous complaint. A very excellent remedy for this 
is Wine of Ipecac, taken one drop in a teaspoonful 
of water every hour until relieved. A cup of coffee or 
black tea taken in the morning before assuming the up- 
right position, will often prevent the sickness coming on, 
or if it occur, it will be less. A woman who has much 
morning sickness or other stomach trouble during preg- 
nancy has this to comfort her, that labor will be easier 
for it. 
NIPPLES AND BREASTS. 
It is sometimes quite necessary to use means to harden 
the nipples and prevent their cracking. A little cologne 
water, or equal parts of alcohol and water can be used for 
this purpose. Whichever is used should be applied by 
wetting the nipple thoroughly, night and morning, for six 
weeks before confinement. In first pregnancy this should 
not be neglected, otherwise there may be great suffering 
from sore nipples. This liniment should be kept in a well- 
stoppered bottle, and only as much poured into a cup each 
time as is used, and in this way it may be kept fresh. The 
breasts sometimes swell and are very painful; this need 
give the patient no alarm as it will subside without any 
unpleasant results. If the pa'n is severe, a piece of soft 
linen, large enough to cover the breast, wet with equal 
parts of cologne water and olive oil should be applied, and 
over this place a piece of new flannel. ALLEVIATION OF PAIN IN LABOR. 
101 
KIDNEYS AND BLADDER. 
The condition of the kidneys and bladder during preg- 
nancy is important. If there seems to be a deficiency of 
urine, the patient should endeavor to remedy it by drinking 
a quantity of pure water, and at regular intervals. If there 
is any irritation of the bladder, take of best gum Arabic 
and pearl barley, each one ounce, and boil for a quarter of 
an hour in one pint and a half of water, strain, and sweeten 
with either granulated or loaf sugar; this should be taken 
freely for a week or ten days. Another not infrequent 
condition is, the patient is unable to hold her water. In 
this case, about all that can be done is the wearing of a 
rubber napkin holder filled with absorbent cotton, and put 
into a tumbler of water ten drops of tincture of cantharides, 
and take of it a teaspoonful every half hour during the 
daytime. If fainting occurs it should be treated as though 
the lady were not enciente. (See Vol. I.) 
CRAMPS. 
During the latter months of gestation, and especially 
at night, cramps of the legs and thighs are likely to occur. 
A bandage tied firmly about the limb for a few minutes, 
just above the point where the cramp occurs, will generally 
relieve. Rubbing the limb with No. 26 night and morning 
for ten minutes will also afford relief. 
Lcucorrhcea is likely to occur in pregnancy. This is 
particularly true if a woman has«had many children. It is 
more frequent during the latter months. It usually dis- 
appears after confinement; if not, it should be treated as 
directed in another part of this volume. Irritation of the 
external parts should be treated as directed further on. 
(See Genitals, Itching of.) 
ALLEVIATION OF PAIN IN LABOR. 
The question is often asked by ladies approaching 
motherhood, “ Is there nothing I ean take to lessen the 102 
MISCARRIAGE AND ABORTION. 
pain of labor, and which will not injure me or my baby?” 
We answer, yes ! The suffering of confinement is dimin- 
ished very greatly by strict observance of the hygienic 
rules relating to this condition, and in addition taking No. 
132 for three or four months prior to confinement; it will 
also insure a better and quicker recovery. 
No. 132. 
ft 
SI. Sxt. Cdimici. rac. (/®. Sfi. & 9&0.) 
SI. Sxt. ySramp. baric u (( 
aa. 5 j. 
Simp. Slixir q. s. ad z ij. 
M. Sig.—3j upon retiring. 
MISCARRIAGE AND ABORTION. 
Premature expulsion of the embryo may occur at 
almost any time during the nine months of gestation. If 
occurring before the fourth month, it is termed abortion ; 
after that period and before the seventh month, it is called 
miscarriage; and when it takes place after the seventh 
month, but before full time, the term premature labor is 
applied to it. An abortion or miscarriage should be con- 
sidered as a serious calamity, as it is not only a serious 
injury to the wife’s health, but one accident of this nature 
is likely to be followed by others, and thus she may be 
deprived of her greatest earthly privilege, the inestimable 
pleasure and delight of being a mother. 
Miscarriage can, in a large majority of instances, be 
prevented. Hence the value of a work of this kind, that 
wives may know and avoid these dangers. It is very 
common for a physician to be called to care for a woman 
suffering from abortion or miscarriage, and discovers the 
cause to be something that might have been easily avoided 
if the patient had known. Prevention is not only better 
than cure in this case, but it is a woman’s only hope if she 
desires to be well and happy. We have already noticed MISCARRIAGE AND ABORTION. 
103 
some of the causes of miscarrige, but wish to rename 
them in order that our fair readers may find them con- 
venient for perusal, and suggest that they read them once 
a week during the first half of pregnancy: Taking long 
walks, horseback riding, jolting in wagon, carriage, or 
railway coach, over-exertion, late hours, dancing, excite- 
ment due to attending balls and parties, falls, violent 
emotions, as in anger or fright, etc., over-reaching, sudden 
shocks from any cause, active cathartic medicine, consti- 
pation, debility from lack of exercise or bathing, etc., tight 
lacing, too frequent sexual intercourse. 
Symptoms.—The symptoms pointing to a possible abor- 
tion are more or less feelings of lassitude, depression of 
spirits, and a feeling similar to that which accompanies the 
monthly sickness. As soon as symptons of this nature 
are noticed, a lady should lie down in a cool, well-venti- 
lated room, remaining in the recumbent position most of 
the time for three or four days. The diet should be 
restricted for a few days. All drinks should be non-stim- 
ulating, and better taken cold. We need hardly add, 
that sexual intercourse should be avoided at this time. 
No. 148 should be taken as directed, if there be any show 
of blood. A more decided symptom of abortion or mis- 
carriage is a discharge of blood with the feelings as above 
noticed. If there is no pain it is still possible to prevent 
the misfortune, and the physician should be sent for. If 
with the flow of blood there is pain, it is more than likely 
that the embryo will be expelled. 
Until the physician arrives, the patient should remain 
quietly in bed, lightly covered. If flooding should occur, 
cold water or even ice may be applied to the inside of the 
thighs and lower part of the abdomen for a few minutes 
at a time. If the application of cold be immediately fol- 
lowed by a hot flannel to these parts, there need be no fear 
of bad results. We have used cold in this manner in 
scores of cases, and never saw a single bad effect. 
The same care is required after miscarriage as if labor 104 
CROSS BIRTHS AND MALFORMATIONS. 
had occurred at full time. “ Getting up ” too soon after 
abortion and miscarriage, as well as childbirth, is one of 
the most prolific causes of uterine diseases. It should be 
remembered, that the womb at this time is very much 
larger and heavier, and also that the muscles and ligaments 
which hold it in place are greatly weakened. A result of 
getting about before nature has had time to reduce the 
size of the womb and strengthen the appendages, is dis- 
placement of this organ either backward, forward or down- 
ward, and following any one of these accidents, is a long 
series of extremely undesirable disorders? The rule should 
be to “make haste slowly” by remaining in bed at least 
three weeks, and if one or two more intervene before 
walking is allowed, it will do no harm. 
CROSS BIRTHS AND MALFORMATIONS. 
We have very little to say in reference to these sub- 
jects. It cannot be denied that they sometimes occur, but 
so seldom that no lady who is pregnant should give them 
serious thought, much less study. A recent publication 
purporting to be a “ guide ” for ladies, devotes thirty-two 
pages—with numerous illustrations—to malformations, and 
only twenty-five to natural pregnancy. This requires no 
comment. Mental impressions are the principal causes of 
malformations, and a lady who is enciente should endeavor 
to keep the system in the best possible tone. If this be 
done, the nervous system will be less easily affected by 
any sudden shocks. It is through the senses—which are 
a part of the nervous system—that mental impressions 
occur. Nature seldom makes a mistake, and if the advice 
given in these pages is followed, the patient will have no 
reason to regret that any act or neglect on her part has 
caused the unfortunate accident, if it occur. Above all, 
she should be comforted by the thought that the heavenly 
Father, who takes notice even of the sparrow’s fall, careth 
more surely for the unborn formed in His image, and of 
which the Christ said, Of such is the Kingdom of Heaven. PREPARATION FOR LABOR. 
105 
PREPARATION FOR LABOR. 
It is not wise to put off till to-morrow the things which 
should be done to-day. A lady who is expecting to be 
confined, had better make some preparations for the im- 
portant event. She should, early in her pregnancy, inform 
her family physician as to her condition. She should have 
in a convenient place a pair of good scissors, two strong 
silk or linen cords about six inches in length—these can 
be made by twisting and doubling the ordinary sewing silk 
—a jar of vaseline. Everything for herself and baby 
should be properly aired and in a convenient place. “ The 
bandage” should be so made that a piece can be buttoned 
on at the back and then brought through between the 
thighs and buttoned at the front; this piece will hold the 
napkin in place, and if soiled can be removed and a clean 
one put in its place, which will obviate changing the 
bandage so often. 
The bed should be protected by placing next the mat- 
tress a piece of waterproof or oilcloth a yard and a half 
square; over this a sheet four double, and over the whole 
another sheet. 
Over her flannel vest the patient should have a clean 
nightdress, which should be folded up and fastened about 
the waist; this will keep it from getting soiled. A flannel 
skirt should next be put on, and over the whole she should 
have her wrapper, or if she prefer, another nightdress. 
After the baby is born and the patient rests a time, the 
outside wrapper and the flannel skirt with the soiled sheets 
can be slipped down and out of the bed, and her clean 
gown brought down without worrying her but very little. 
As soon as the patient is satisfied that labor is coming 
on (see Natural Labor), she should take an enema of 
water and soap, in order that the lower bowel is well 
cleared of any accumulation. This will make her labor 
easier, and possibly save her the mortification of hav- 106 
NATURAL LABOR. 
ing her bowels move during the last stages of labor, when 
she is unable to prevent them. 
NATURAL LABOR. 
The symptoms that indicate approaching labor begin 
about the middle of the last month of gestation. The 
patient notices that she feels lighter and more comfortable ; 
that her breathing is easier, that she can move about more 
freely, her dress is looser, and she is conscious that the 
child has sunk lower in the pelvis. There is generally 
irritability of the bladder at this time, the calls to pass 
water being much more frequent; the same also happens 
as to the bowels, and she should exercise care that the 
evacuations are sufficient; if only a small quantity of fluid 
faeces is passed, she should use an enema of warm water 
and soap, or glycerine soap suppository, in order that the 
bowels act every morning. Accompanying the irregularity 
of the bowels during the last week or two there is some- 
times pains of a spasmodic character; these are called 
“spurious pains.” But what is called a “show” is of more 
certain value as a sign of approaching labor than any of 
the others. This consists of a slight discharge of mucus 
from the vagina. It is at first colorless, and gets darker 
as labor approaches, from admixture with blood ; it gen- 
erally commences about twenty-four hours before labor 
begins. A “show” of blood accompanied by pains 
resembling those of menstruation, increasing in severity, 
occurring any time during what the patient supposes to be 
her last month, is very reliable evidence that the medical 
attendant should be sent for. 
If it is the first pregnancy, the patient experiences a 
good deal of anxiety. This she should strive to overcome 
as much as possible. There is very little danger to the 
mother in a natural labor—and 99 per cent, are natural, 
d housands pass through the same, annually, without 
serious results. Every woman should feel that she can NATURAL LABOR. 
107 
endure as much as her mother before her. At the longest, 
it continues but a few hours—“ Heaviness may endure for 
a night, but joy cometh in the morning.” She should be 
encouraged by the knowledge that the greatest pleasure a 
woman ever experiences in this world is when her baby is 
first born, and as if by magic, she forgets all the sorrowing 
and suffering she has endured. 
Twenty-four hours is the time allotted for natural 
labor; this, of course, varies greatly. The “ pains ” are 
at first slight, and may have an interval of one-quarter to 
one-half hour. They are felt mostly in the back and loins; 
in a very little time the pains extend round to the abdo- 
men, and are of a “cutting” or “grinding” character, but 
do not cause any bearing down effort. These pains are 
shorter, more painful, and less easily borne than those of 
the next stage. Nausea and vomiting often occur in this 
stage, and is a good sign, as indicating dilation of the 
mouth of the uterus. As the labor advances, there is fre- 
quently severe rigors, the teeth chatter, though the surface 
may be hot all the while ; this is due to the condition of 
the nervous system, and denotes nothing alarming. 
These symptoms occur during the dilation of the 
mouth of the womb (os uteri), and is generally termed 
the first stage of labor. As soon as the second stage com- 
mences, a marked change takes place in the character of 
the pains; the patient speaking of them as “ harder, but 
more easily borne.” Usually at this time the membranes 
rupture, and the “water” escapes. The patient feels 
relieved; she breathes more easily, and this is frequently 
followed by a short period of rest; soon, however, the 
uterus seems to redouble its efforts ; the pains are longer, 
the intervals between them are shorter, and they are now 
of a bearing down character, attended by involuntary ex- 
pulsive efforts on the part of the patient; pain now follows 
pain in rapid succession, the patient straining to her utmost 
to effect the expulsion. The climax at length arrives—a 108 
IF THE DOCTOR IS NOT THERE. 
sharp pain, a scream, a violent and prolonged effort, and 
the head of the child is born; usually a short repose, fol- 
lowed by another pain, and the second stage of labor is 
completed, and with it another soul is ushered into the 
world. 
“ The hour arrives, the moment wish’d and fear’d; 
The child is born, by many a pang endeared! 
And now the mother’s ear has caught his cry— 
Oh! grant the cherub to her asking eye! 
He comes—she clasps him; to her bosom pressed, 
He drinks the balm of life, and drops to rest.”—Rogers. 
WHAT TO DO IF THE DOCTOR BE UNA- 
VOIDABLY ABSENT. 
It is not infrequent that labor is so rapid that the child 
is born before the doctor arrives, and it seems highly 
proper that'a few directions should be given as to how to 
care for such cases. In the first place we wish to assure 
the patient and attendants that there is no great cause for 
alarm; it is the lingering labors that are dangerous. 
Thousands of children are born annually in this country 
without the slightest aid from a physician. 
Two attendants are sufficient, or three at the outside. 
They should be cheerful, quiet, and possess presence of 
mind. As labor nears the close, one of the attendants, 
standing at the side of the bed with her back to the pa- 
tient’s head, should place both hands over the abdomen 
and press gently but firmly downward and backward. As 
the child passes out of the pelvic cavity, the enlargement 
will of course, become less, and the pressure should be 
increased until delivery is accomplished and the contracted 
womb is felt low down in the abdomen, about the size of 
a pint bowl. This pressure over the abdomen need not 
be commenced until just as the head of the child is born, 
but from this time until labor is completed and the placenta 
(afterbirth) expelled, it should be continuous and uninter- 
rupted. If this be done thoroughly, there will be but little rF THE DOCTOR IS NOT THERE. 
109 
chance for hemorrhage to occur, and the placenta will very 
likely be expelled in a few minutes. The attendant, who 
“ takes the baby,” should see, as soon as the head is born, 
that the cord is not around the neck; if so, it should be 
slipped over the head, otherwise the child may die before 
the labor is completed. A child ought to cry as soon as 
it comes into the world. If he does not, the attendant 
should give it a sharp slap upon the buttocks; she should 
also clear from its mouth any mucus, and if the slap does 
not cause a cry, dash a little cold water into the face and 
over the chest. When the baby cries he will then be safe, 
and the cord can be divided. This is a simple matter. 
A string should be tied firmly about the cord about one 
and a half or two inches from the child’s body, and about 
two inches further from the child a second, then with the 
scissors divide the cord between the two. If the placenta 
does not come away in a few minutes, slight traction 
should be made on the cord, and if there should be hem- 
orrhage the attendant should introduce the hand into the 
vagina (using the projecting cord as a guide) until the 
placenta is felt, and then remove it, and apply cold as 
directed for controlling hemorrhage under miscarriage. 
If the pressure over the abdomen is attended to as directed 
above, it will not be one case in fifty which will require 
more than traction upon the cord to secure the placenta. 
As soon as the baby is born, all but one pillow should be 
taken from under the mother’s head. A hot flannel should 
be placed over the pubis, and down between the thighs. 
She should be allowed to rest for one hour in nearly the 
same position, then the soiled sheet can be slipped out and 
a dry one placed under the thighs and buttocks, and the 
bandage put on. After two or three hours more the bed 
may be more thoroughly cared for, and her nightdress can 
be unpinned from around her waist, and brought down. 
While these things are being done the patient should 
remain passive, making no effort, but allowing herself to 110 
THE BABY AFTER CARE OF THE MOTHER. 
be turned and moved by the attendants. A cup of tea or 
some light gruel may be taken as soon after labor as the 
patient may desire, or if she feel very much exhausted, 
some very hot milk may be taken in tablespoonful quan- 
tities, about every fifteen minutes. The patient should 
not talk; in fact, should do nothing but rest and anticipate 
the pleasure she will take with her baby. It is not infre- 
quent that considerable joy is manifested by those present 
as soon as the baby is born, sometimes amounting almost 
to hilarity; this is wrong, as it is very likely to excite the 
mother, and result badly. Feel as happy and thankful as 
you can—and certainly the occasion is one to call forth 
thankfulness—but rather express your joy in looks, and 
your thankfulness in silent praise, than to do or say any- 
thing to harm the happy mother. 
THE BABY. 
As soon as the cord is divided, the baby should be 
wrapped in a flannel blanket, thoroughly warmed, and 
placed upon its right side in some warm place. Care 
should be taken that the air has an opportunity to get 
through the blanket to his face. After the mother is com- 
fortable, one attendant can remain by her side and the 
other wash, dress and make welcome the little stranger, 
who should rest upon his right side most of the time for 
the first ten days, and be allowed to eat, sleep and grow, 
which he is sure to do if healthy. In reference to the 
time the mother should get up, see remarks under 
miscarriage. 
AFTER CARE OF THE MOTHER. 
If the bowels of the mother do not act by the second 
morning after confinement, an enema should be used com- 
posed of one pint of water, Castile soap to make a mod- 
erate suds, and one tablespoonful of glycerine. This 
should be given warm, and if it does not cause an evacu- 
ation within a half hour’s time, it should be repeated. The DIET THE BREAST. 
111 
bowels should act at least every second morning, and if 
necessary the enema can be used to cause them to. If the 
patient object to the enema, a dessertspoonful of No. 56 
may be given, or the same amount of castor oil. After 
thirty-six hours a bedpan should be placed under the pa- 
tient’s hips, and two quarts of water to which has been 
added a teaspoonful of glycerine and carbaolic acid mix- 
ture, should be injected into the vagina and allowed to 
run back into the pan. The glycerine and acid is pre- 
pared by shaking together in a bottle three parts of 
glycerine to one of carbolic acid. This injection should 
be taken as warm as the patient can bear it, and repeated 
everyday for a week, and every other day during the 
second week. 
DIET. 
The diet for the first day or two after confinement 
should be light. Some well boiled cornmeal gruel, milk 
with lime water, a piece of dry toast, or plain bread and 
butter. After the second day the amount can be in- 
creased, and other articles added. Common sense is the 
best guide. A delicate woman would require entirely dif- 
ferent food from one who is robust. In the first few days 
the food had better be taken at shorter intervals and a 
less quantity; in this way overloading of the stomach 
will be avoided. Cold water can be given before, during 
and after labor in reasonable quantities. This is the best 
beverage we know of for the lying-in-woman. 
THE BREAST. 
In the first confinement the milk does not appear in 
the breast until the third day; in after cases, sooner. 
Much care should be given the breast after a first labor, 
as there is more danger attending it than in subsequent 
confinements. The breasts should be covered with a piece 
of soft flannel, and not irritated by closely fitting wraps, 
or by handling them. If they become hard, knotty and 112 
SORE NIPPLE. 
painful, procure an ounce each of best sweet oil and best 
cologne water in the same bottle, shake and apply by 
wetting a linen cloth and spreading over the breast, and 
outside of this put the flannel. If the breast be much 
distended and there appears to be more milk than the 
babe can nurse, it should be drawn as soon as he is done. 
If the breast be very painful, instead of the olive oil and 
cologne, get the same amount of chloroform and glycer- 
ine, shake and apply the same as directed for the former. 
This is particularly good if there seems to be any ten- 
dency toward a gathered breast. We wish to repeat that 
the principal thing in first and succeeding confinements is 
to keep the breasts warm, and neither rub, press, squeeze, 
or finger them in any way. 
If for any reason the mother cannot nurse her baby, 
and wishes to dry up the milk, she had better get the 
plaster named in No. 136 and apply one to each breast. 
The druggist should be told that the plaster is wanted 
for the breast. He will then furnish a properly shaped 
one, which should be circular, with an opening in the 
center for the nipple. If this be applied soon after con- 
finement and the breast covered with flannel, and not 
handled, there will be no other treatment required. 
No. 136. 
B 
Smp. ffielUt. et Pkytolac. dec. 
SORE NIPPLE. 
If the nipples are cared for as described on page ioo 
of this work, there will be very little probability of a 
cracked and fissured nipple during nursing. 
A sore nipple is often produced by allowing the child 
to have the nipple almost constantly in the mouth. This 
is bad practice. The child should be placed to the breast 
at regular intervals, every hour during the first month, 
every two hours during the second and third, and after NURSING SORE MOUTH. 
113 
that the intervals should be gradually lengthened. If the 
baby has sore mouth it will likely cause a sore nipple, and 
will have to be cured before there will be any hope of 
curing the nipple. (See pages 295 and 296, Vol. I.) As 
a remedy for sore or cracked nipple, No. 135 will be 
found well adapted to all cases. After the child is 
through nursing the nipple should be washed thoroughly 
with tepid water and dried with a soft cloth, and the med- 
icine applied with a camel’s hair brush. It should be 
applied each time the child nurses, the nipple being 
washed off before putting the child to the breast. 
No. 135. 
H 
ABalsam Peru, 
3r. Slrnicae . 
aa 3 ss. 
fj'Ui Sdmygdal. dulcis 
rSd<f ua.e> rdalcis 
aa 3 ss. 
M. Sig.—Shake well and apply with a camel’s hair brush.—Dr, Scarff.\ Md. Medical Journal. 
NURSING SORE MOUTH. 
This is an affection to which nursing women are very 
liable, and often proves very obstinate. If treatment is 
commenced as soon as it is first noticed, it will be much 
more satisfactory. No. 134 should be procured as soon 
as any tenderness is noticed, and continued until two or 
three bottles have been taken. 
No. 134. 
Sr. Supatorii. aromat 
31. Sxt. Kydras. can. (non^a/c.) 
(P. D. & Co.) 
aa. 3 ij. 
Siyuae y. s. ad 3 iv. 
M. Sig.—3 j every hour during the daytime. 114 
ITCHING OF THE GENITALS. 
PRURITUS OR ITCHING OF THE 
GENITALS. 
• This is an extremely annoying affection. It consists 
in an irritability of the nerves supplying the parts, which 
gives rise to the most intense itching and a desire to 
scratch and rub the parts. This is so great at times as 
to make the patient’s life almost unendurable. It is only 
by the greatest effort that she resists the desire to scratch 
the parts when in society. The itching sometimes ex- 
tends up the vagina, to the anus, and down the thighs. It 
occurs in pregnancy as well as in the no pregnant state. 
This is an affection which does not always yield readily 
to treatment, and for this reason, and the great aversion 
ladies have to seeking treatment for it, we have appended 
three prescriptions, Nos. 133, 137 and 138, and would 
advise that they be tried, one after the other, and we feel 
positive that the patient will find relief in one of the 
three. Apply by wetting the parts, first washing with 
tepid water. A sitz bath of a few minutes duration—the 
water being as hot as the patient can bear it—should be 
taken two or three times a week. The general health should 
be improved by outdoor exercise, bathing, ventilation, etc. 
The patient should sleep with as little covering as possible. 
No. 133. 
ft 
Plurnbi HHacetas grs. xvj. 
'Sdlcohol 3 ij. 
Glycerine z ij. 
Sdquae. rosae q. s. ad O j. 
No. 137. 
M. Sig.—To be used externally three or four times a day as directed. 
n 
Kydrarg. ffiichlor 3 ss. 
S'r. 0pii z j. 
ddquae ' z vij. 
M. Sig.—For external use only as directed. vaginitis. 
115 
No. 138. 
P> 
Sdcid. fCydrocyan. dil 3 ij. 
ftlumbi. Wiacctati 3 j* 
0lei. cacao .... ~ ij. 
M. Sig.—Apply after washing with cold water. 
If it seems necessary that an internal remedy should 
be taken to allay the irritation in this complaint, and 
quiet the nervousness sometimes attending it, No. 139 
should be procured, and taken every two to four hours as 
required. After taking two or three doses it should then 
be left off till again wanted, and do not take it if the 
pain can be controlled by the external remedies. 
No. 139. 
I* 
9f>hlor. -Sdnodyne (ft. &. P rdo.) 3 ij. 
Syrup Simp 
-S4quae. . . . 
>• titi lj. 
M. Sig.—3 j every two to four hours as directed. 
VAGINITIS. 
This is an inflammation of the membrane lining the 
vagina. There are two forms of the disease, simple and 
specific. The specific is known as female gonorrhea. 
Symptoms.—The symptoms are the same in each form, 
and consist of a sense of heat and burning in the vagina ; 
aching and weight in the region of the vagina and rectum ; 
frequent desire to void water; a profuse discharge from 
the vagina of . offensive character, and somewhat re- 
sembling pus, and more or less throbbing pain in the pelvic 
region. 
Treatment. — The treatment must necessarily be, in a 
large measure, local. A gallon of water should be poured 
over a teacupful of either linseed meal or wheat bran, stir 
well and allow it to stand fifteen minutes, and then strain 
through muslin or cheese cloth. The half of this should 116 
VAGINITIS. 
be injected into the vagina at once, and as hot as it can be 
borne. It should be used night and morning for one 
week, and at night only for the succeeding week. After 
this injection, No. 140 should be used, a teacupful at a 
time. It should be warm and used immediately after the 
injection. After waiting a half hour No. 141 should be 
used. A ball of absorbent cotton the size of a large hen’s 
egg should be used, a string six to seven inches long 
being tied about the center, and No. 141 smeared over 
the outside of the cotton. This should be introduced well 
up into the vagina till it strikes the womb. The syringe 
nozzle can be used to accomplish this. The string should 
be long enough so the end projects, so as to be used in 
removing the cotton. Nos. 140 and 141 should be used 
twice a day, night and morning, during the second week, 
the same as during the first. As the disease improves 
they need be used only at night. During the first week 
the patient should take of bicarbonate of potash, twenty 
grains, and dissolve it in four tablespoonsful of water and 
the juice of half a lemon in the same amount of water. 
These should be prepared in separate glasses, and then 
poured together and drank while effervescing. 
No. 140. 
Wy drary. McJUor gr. ij. 
Myuae o ij. 
M. Sig.—Use locally a teacupful at a time as directed. 
No. 141. 
B _ 
Sdcid. ffioricum ( finest powder?) gr. x. 
Myeerina z ij. 
M. Sig.—Apply upon absorbent cotton as directed. 
LEUCORRHCE A. 
There is no disorder in the whole list of female ills so 
frequent as leucorrhoea or “whites.” Probably no woman LEUCORRHCEA WHITES. 
117 
ever goes through life without suffering at some period 
from it. If slight, she says nothing about it, and it is only 
when it becomes annoying by its constancy, abundance or 
irritating properties, that she seeks treatment. It occurs 
at all ages, and in all classes. Properly, it is only a symp- 
tom of some other disease, and the condition giving rise 
to it oftenest is a congested state of the vagina, uterus and 
its appendages. There are a number of causes of con- 
gestion of these organs, and which indirectly cause leu- 
corrhoea; amongst these are the various displacements of 
the womb, growths of different character within this organ, 
prolonged lactation, excessive coition, and pregnancy. 
Other causes of leucorrhoea are long walks, occupation 
requiring long hours on the feet, taking cold, running a 
sewing machine, debility from want of outdoor exercise, 
too close confinement in an overheated room, too much 
or too little underwear, imprudence during menstruation 
and after confinement. 
Treatment.-— Hygienic measures should be thoroughly 
carried out in the treatment of this affection. Sponge and 
sitz baths in cold water, exercise in the open air, venti- 
lation. Care should be taken that the lower extremities 
are warmly clad, but not an over-abundance in the region 
of the hips and pelvis. When underclothing is worn in 
two pieces it brings a double thickness in the region of 
the pelvis; this is very undesirable in either sex. If the 
clothing were so made as to be in one piece, this would be 
obviated. In addition to the hygienic treatment, we ad- 
vise that two quarts of hot water be injected slowly into 
the vagina and follow it immediately with No. 142, two 
teaspoonfuls to a quart of warm water and use as an in- 
jection. This should be used every night until better. 
No. 142. 
SI. Sxt. Kif dr as. can. colorless. 
(P. D. & Co.) 
dlycerina aa | j. 
M. Sig.—3 ij to a quart of water as directed. 118 
PAINFUL MENSTRUATION. 
Obstinate cases may require something more, in which 
case we advise the following, No. 143 : 
No. 143. 
I* 
Xinci Sulphate 3 j. 
S€lum grs. xv. 
yfiocca Sutter 3 iij. 
White Wax 3 ss. 
0il Sweet SSttmonct q. s. 
Sxt. Kyoscy grs. iij. 
M. et ft. supposit. No. vj, Sig.—Use locally as directed. 
After using the water and No. 142 as above directed, 
a suppository should be pushed well up into the vagina, 
and after it has become warmed it should, by means of 
the index finger, be spread over the upper part of the 
vagina and mouth of the womb. This should be left un- 
disturbed until the third morning, when an injection of 
warm water should be taken; omit two nights and upon 
the third apply another suppository as before, leaving 
it on the same, and continuing in this manner until the 
prescription has been used two to six times, as the severity 
of the case requires. Do not be alarmed if this causes 
some smarting; as the disease gets better it will be less. 
Sexual intercourse should not occur while the medicine is 
on, neither should the medicine be used during menstru- 
ation. Mild cases of leucorrhcea can be cured by using 
myrtle tea as an injection. Steep one ounce of the myrtle 
leaves in a pint of water, strain, and use warm. 
PAINFUL MENSTRUATION. (Dysmenorrhea.) 
Any lady who suffers at the time of her monthly sick- 
ness, will be able to recognize this distressing affection 
without very much description. The pain is usually con- 
fined to the pelvis and loins, occasionally in some other 
part of the body. As soon as the flow begins the pain PAINFUL MENSTRUATION. 
119 
generally abates; sometimes it continues throughout the 
duration of the discharge. 
Treatment.-— At the beginning a warm sitz bath should 
be taken of fifteen to thirty minutes’ duration. Into a 
goblet of water put ten drops tincture of aconite, and into 
a like amount of water put forty drops of tincture of pul- 
satilla, and take of these two a teaspoonful every fifteen 
minutes alternately; this brings each a half hour apart. 
This same treatment should be used in cases where the 
flow stops from taking cold, or if it starts and stops from 
any cause accompanied by fever and headache. If de- 
sired, the warm sitz bath can be taken two or three times 
in twenty-four hours. 
This treatment will relieve most cases. If it should 
not, we advise that No. 145 be procured, one to be used 
each night, commencing on the fifth day before the sick- 
ness begins; these suppositories should be introduced well 
up into the vagina, and after becoming warm, spread over 
the mouth of the womb with the finger. 
No. 145. 
5 
fixt. Vocunnab. JncC. 
Sxt. Kyoscyami... 
aa. gr. ijss. 
yfiacao Gutter 3 y. 
M, et ft. suppos. No. v. Sig.—One to be used every night as directed. 
In case of retardation of the monthly flow, or after it 
has once commenced and stops from any imprudence in 
young girls, after relieving the symptoms by means of the 
sitz bath and aconite and pulsatilla, and if menstruation 
does not go on naturally, it will be best to have them take 
No. 144 for a month or two in order to assist nature in 
re-establishing this function, taking care that the impru- 
dence does not occur again. 120 
PROFUSE MENSTRUATION. 
No. 144. 
S/erri. Sulphate exsic. 
3'erebinthinae alba aa. 3 ss. 
Pulv. Sdloes see grs. x. 
M. et divide into pil. No. xxx Sig.—One pill night and morning. 
PROFUSE MENSTRUATION OR 
MENORRHAGIA. 
In many females, the discharge is always profuse and 
does not seem to weaken them ; if, however, there seems 
to be an exhaustion, and it is desired to lessen the dis- 
charge, No. 148 should be commenced upon the second 
day of the flow, and taken every four to six hours to 
partly check the discharge. Flowing between the regular 
time is not uncommon, especially as “change of life” 
approaches. This can be checked by taking No. 147 as 
directed ; this is only to check the flow, and as soon as it 
is better take No. 149 and continue it for six weeks to two 
months, and try to improve the general health by such 
hygienic measures as have been previously recommended 
in menstrual troubles. 
No. 147. 
n 
31. Sxt. Srgotae (77 §&. 77 9%o7) 
3r. TEannab. 3nd. 
iia. 5 j. 
Syrup Simp. s. ad. = iv. 
M. Sig.—3 j every two hours until 6 doses are taken, and then at longer intervals as required. 
No. 148. 
$ 
7alumbi Sdcetas grs. xxxij. 
■S4cid. acetic, dil | j. 
•Sdquae z j. 
M. Sig.—3 j in a wineglass of water every 4 to 6 hours. NEURALGIA OF TIIE NECK OF THE BLADDER. 
121 
STERILITY. 
Sterility in the female implies incapability for con- 
ception, and is synonymously called barrenness. It has 
always received more or less attention from medical 
writers, from the earliest period to the present. The fre- 
quent reference made to it by Biblical writers as a 
reproach to woman, is well known to all readers of that 
book. Before such reproach is placed upon the woman, 
the sexual capacity of the husband should be determined. 
The causes of sterility are quite numerous, such as 
absence of the uterus, vagina or ovaries; obturator 
hymen ; displacements of various forms ; tumors ; inflam- 
mation of the uterus, ovaries or Fallopian tubes. Many 
of the causes of sterility in the female can be remedied by 
the competent gynecologist, while others are not amenable 
to treatment. No physical results are produced by 
sterility, but its existence will frequently depress the spirits 
and sadden the disposition, which under other circum- 
stances would have been cheerful and equable. There is 
no reason why a woman should regard this incapacity as a 
reproach to her womanhood. To want children and not 
be able to have them is infinitely better than to be able to 
have and not want them. 
NEURALGIA OF THE NECK OF THE 
BLADDER. 
This is an affection of frequent occurrence in females, 
and is one which often gives rise to the most intense suf- 
fering. It occurs at all times of life, but is very much 
more common in the married than the unmarried. 
Symptoms.—Frequent desire to pass water, with more 
or less pain attending it. The pain is sometimes relieved 
as soon as the urine is passed, and at other times it con- 
tinues or increases. Generally, after a desire arises to 
urinate, the longer it is put off the greater the pain. The 122 
NEURALGIA OF THE NECK OF THE BLADDER. 
patient, in some instances, has to pass water every few 
minutes. This may continue for days at a time, unless 
remedies to relieve are administered. 
Causes.—The condition giving rise to this painful 
affection is an inflammation of the lining membrane of the 
bladder. We have observed it so often with “onanism” 
as practiced by the married to prevent conception, that 
we are led to place this as one of the active causes of irri- 
tation of the neck of the bladder in married females. We 
have made mention, under a previous subject, of the in- 
juries resulting to the wife if the sexual act is not com- 
pleted. In this revolting, pernicious and unphysiological 
practice the husband suffers nearly as much as the wife ; 
if the effect is not so soon observed it will follow just as 
certainly. It is most certain that the vagina and uterus 
are directly benefited by the absorption of the male ele- 
ments which are left with them if coition is natural, and 
the incompletion of the sexual function can but result, in 
time, injuriously. 
Treatment.—The patient at the very first symptom of 
this affection, should begin treatment by taking the gum 
arabic and barley tea recommended on page 101 ; for im- 
mediate relief a teaspoonful of either chloroform or laud- 
anum may be placed in the vessel, and boiling water 
poured over it and the patient sitting over this ; a sitz 
bath of fifteen to twenty minutes, the water being as warm 
as can be borne, will also relieve. As an internal remedy No. 
146 should be taken until the disease is fully controlled. 
No. 146. 
Potassium titrate 3 iv. 
31. Sxt. 3riticum 7lepens{ P. 
3r. TCyoscyami aa. | j. 
31. Sxt. Such 3 ss. 
Sdquac q. s. ad z iij. 
M. Sig.—3 j in a wineglass of water three to four times a day. FALLING OF THE WOMB. 
123 
FALLING OF THE WOMB. (Prolapsus). 
The term falling of the womb is self-explanatory, and 
requires no further definition. It is of frequent occur- 
rence and the most annoying of the numerous displace- 
ments. By referring to Part I of this volume, Engravings 
4 and 5, the reader will better understand the natural 
position of the womb, and also how it is held in its posi- 
tion by ligaments which bind it to neighboring points of 
support. 
In health the womb is from two to three inches above 
the external opening (vulva) when the patient is standing; 
a little more if lying down. The patient is able to touch 
the lower end of it with her index finger, and.will find it 
pointing back toward the rectum. 
If the “womb is down” of course it will be nearer the 
vulva and may be so low down as to be visible; sometimes 
projecting half its length. 
Causes.—Any condition which tends to debilitate the 
system may give rise to this complaint, as frequent child 
bearing, prolonged nursing, advanced age, laborious occu- 
pation, etc, Tight lacing, by pressing the intestines down 
upon the uterus, acts as a cause ; dancing and jumping at 
the time of menstruation, when the uterus is congested 
and increased in weight, are apt to produce this complaint. 
The most frequent cause of prolapsus is the too early 
exercise after confinement. At this time the uterus is 
heavier than in health, the vagina distended and the uterine 
ligaments all relaxed ; a combination of abnormal condi- 
tions particularly favoring this accident. 
Symptoms.—If the womb is down so it is visible or 
just within the lips of the vulva where it can be easily 
touched, the disorder is determined without difficulty. In 
earlier stages, perhaps before the patient has thought that 
the uterus is out of place, there are symptoms which point 
to prolapsus, the most common of which are a sensation 124 
ANTEVERSION AND RETROVERSION OF THE WOMB. 
of dragging and weight low down in the pelvis ; irritation 
of the rectum and bladder ; dull pain in the back and loins ; 
easily fatigued from standing or walking ; more or less 
leucorrhcea. These symptoms are generally relieved by 
lying down. In addition to the local symptoms, there is 
usually some headache, more or less indigestion, and occa- 
sionally palpitation. 
Treatment.—The first thing in the treatment of pro- 
lapsus is to replace the uterus. This is accomplished by 
the patient lying upon a hard mattress, with the hips 
raised. In obstinate ca-es the patient may be obliged to 
assume the “knee elbow” position. By this is meant rest- 
ing on the knees and the chest. Pillows may be placed 
about the patient to make her more comfortable. While 
she is resting in this position the nurse should gently push 
the womb back into place. She need not fear pushing it 
too far ; a finger’s length will be sufficient. After the 
uterus is in place it should be kept there by the use of a 
supporter till the ligaments regain their strength. 
Very little benefit will be derived from wearing a pes- 
sary, and a large number of cases will be positively 
harmed. After several years’ trial the writer has aban- 
doned their use altogether. 
ANTEVERSION AND RETROVERSION 
OF THE WOMB. 
By anteversion of the womb is meant the tipping or 
falling forward of this organ. (Engraving No. 9-3.) By 
this accident the uterus is brought in contact with the 
bladder, causing irritation of that organ. 
Retroversion is the opposite of anteversion, the womb 
inclining backward against the rectum. (Engraving Nos. 
9-2.) This condition often gives rise to constipation. 
The causes of anteversion and retroversion are very 
similar to those giving rise to falling of the womb. The 
diagnosis and treatment of these affections belong to the 
gynecologist, and to such we leave them. ANTEVERSION AND RETROVERSION OF THE WOMB. 
125 
Displacements of the Womb. 
Engraving No. q 
By a study of engraving No. 9, a thorough under- 
standing can be obtained of what is meant by “ displace- 
ment of the womb.” 1, is the womb in natural position ; 
2, shows it inclined backward (retroversion) ; 3, inclined 
forward (anteversion) ; 4 and 5, shows this organ in dif- 
ferent stages of prolapsus (falling of the womb) ; 6, is the 
bladder changed in shape by the anteverted womb (3) ; 
7, the rectum, showing how constipation is produced by 
the retroverted womb (2) obstructing the rectum. 
CHANGE OF LIFE. (Menopause.) 
As soon as a woman ceases to menstruate, it is said 
that she has a “change of life.” This great physiological 
change—the end of the fruitful season in the life of woman 
—is a most important and critical one in her history, and 126 
CHANGE OF LIFE. 
may well be called the “critical period,” beset as it is with 
many hazards to her health, happiness, and even her life. 
After about thirty years of being “unwell,” a woman 
ceases to menstruate. This may occur at the age of thirty, 
and in rare instances, not until sixty; the usual age, how- 
ever, is from forty-three to forty-seven. Previous to com- 
plete cessation of the “periods,” for a year or two, she is 
very irregular; this is styled the “ dodging time,” and is 
often accompanied by various mental and physiological 
phenomena, which her friends often fail to understand, 
some of the manifestations being fits of hysteria, jealousy, 
violont bursts of temper, grief, sadness, dyspepsia, melan- 
choly, and not infrequently insanity. It sometimes happens 
that a woman passing through the change of life will be 
possessed to break the Eighth Commandment, and falsify. 
In some cases she will only desire to appropriate one kind 
of an article, in another anything, without regard to its 
value or use. She often craves strong drink, and if her phy- 
sician is of the kind who thinks stimulants are not harmful, 
he may consent to her having it, and in this way a habit 
is formed which may continue during the remainder of her 
life. This, if it occurs, is a very unfortunate affair. It is 
not unusual at this time that a woman takes a sudden 
aversion to her husband, her friends, or even her children. 
In many instances the patient may take on some organic 
disease which becomes chronic, from which the sufferer is 
released only by death; but in far the greater number, 
after a few weeks, months, and sometimes it may extend 
into years, the system recovers its normal tone, and the 
sufferer is, as it were, born again into new physical life and 
enjoyment, with a healthy mentality, and the promise of a 
long life before her. 
A lady in “ change of life ” usually becomes more 
“stout,” fat accumulating about the bosom and abdomen, 
giving her a more matronly appearance. This is so great 
in some cases as to lead to the belief that she is enciente; CHANGE OF LIFE. 
127 
the breasts swell and pain her to such an extent that she 
is led to think she has some malignant tumor; the nose 
is much inclined to bleed during this period, especially at 
what was formerly her “ regular timeshe has great 
flushings of heat, blushing, as it were, over her entire 
body. This is a favorable symptom, as it is an effort of 
nature to temporarily relieve the internal organs. No. 150 
is an excellent remedy for hot flashes during this period, 
and may also be taken if there is much fulness felt in the 
head. It should be continued for four to six weeks as 
directed, and then twice a day for a week, and once a day 
for a week longer. 
No. 150. 
5 
fowled s Solution 3 j. 
S'r. %ard\ 9$o | ss. 
Sdquae q. s. ad z iv. 
M. Sig.—3 j three times a day after eating. 
During the “dodging time,” should there be much 
flowing, No. 148 may be used to control it; if leucorrhoea 
is troublesome, No. 143 can be used as directed under 
that affection ; if irritation of the bladder, use the gum 
arabic and barley tea, recommended on page 101. Unless 
actually required, it will be better to leave the case in 
nature’s hands, and if the advice given in the preceding 
pages in reference to hygienic measures has been followed, 
we feel assured that very little medicine will be required 
at this very important period of woman’s life. CONCLUDING REMARKS. 
If these volumes are the means of lessening the pain 
of only a few unfortunate sufferers, we shall feel large!y 
compensated for our task; it has been an arduous one 
but attended with many feelings of satisfaction, being 
akin to those experienced by every true physician, as 
he observes, under the influence of well tried remedies 
and prudent counsel, man’s worst enemy, disease, giving 
place to his greatest blessing, health. 
The subjects directly bearing upon the health of 
women have been of unusual interest, and if we have, 
only in a very small measure, contributed to her higher 
physical development, we feel that our labors will be fully 
repaid. We do not forget that to woman is consigned 
the highest and holiest duties of this world; not only is 
the moulding of her offspring’s physical form required 
of her, but its moral and intellectual destiny is committed 
to her keeping. Whether she be able to perform these 
numerous duties, depends largely upon her physical 
attributes; hence, the necessity that she read these vol- 
umes—not listlessly as she would a fiction, but thought- 
fully and carefully that it may, through God’s blessing, 
be an humble aid to a higher and better physiological 
development of her sex and a consequent improvement of 
our children—America’s priceless treasures ! and that the 
time may sooner come, “ That our sons may grow up as 
young plants, and that our daughters may be as the 
polished corners of the temple.” 
128