MISSOURI AGRISULTURALgOLLffifiEXPERlMENTST'ATION BULLETIN No. 11. Texas Fever, JnrettUgation* between September 188$ aw/ March 1889, Tf Texas fever, Peef broth peptonized, solidified with agar-agar or gelatine, or in a liquid state; blood serum, egg albumen, (Tarchinoff s), amniotic water, artificial lymph, liver broth, potato, and several other media have been tried. We have found that they develop best in a mixture of artifi- cial lymph that I prepared, with liver broth which Mr. Evans succeeded in keeping in a semi-solid and transpar- ent state. Pure cultures can be obtained from the liver, spleen, kidneys, etc., of southern cattle of the infectious districts, or from their calves before or after birth. There need be no post-mortem history about them. Simply go south, kill the subjects, and with the greatest care possible inoculate your cultures by proper and safe bacterial methods, or take the germs from such organs, of a northern animal suffering from the fever. Or if you prefer, you may find them but less virulent in the urine and fceces. Pure cultures can also be obtained from the blood of such cases, but more rarely, and with greater difficulty. At some periods the germs seem to have little activity in the blood, and a particle of blood on a needle, thrust into a gelatinous mass, does not always cause a growth. How- ever, we have succeeded in getting pure and inocnlable cultures, by making an incision in the jugular vein, or carotid artery, inserting the point of a specially contrived test tube, breaking it inside of the vessel and allowing a drop or more to run into the tube and mix with the semi- fluid culture media. Cultures from blond have developed the same forms as the germs found in the liver and other organs, or found present in cultures therefrom. ARTICLE VI. TRANSMISSION OF TEXAS FEVER. As may have been gleaned from the preceding pages, there are many sources of contamination in this disease. Waters, soils, manures from the south, urine, bile, liver, spleen, kidneys, etc., of infectious southern stock have been mentioned as being capable of conveying the fever. That is not all, we have found the parasites also in ticlcs bloated with blood of infectious southern cattle. So this must be added to the list of sources. But from all these origins, there seems only one principal mode of infection in the natural condition of life, that is by ingestion. I mean that the cattle swallow the germs and thus get the disease. It may be possible that germs deposited in dusty roads, or mixed with the dust raised by the winds be inhaled, breathed by susceptible stock, and the malady thus induced, but such is certainly not the usual way. These facts will satisfy at least in part, the many opinions on the question at hand, and perhaps will help to clear the obscurity prevailing in all minds, and which I presume caused Dr. Theobald Smith to write as follows in his article already quoted: “As to the external char- acter of the disease we have still to learn hoic southern cattle carry the disease germs while they themselves are immune; how the germs multiply on the pasture and how they enter the susceptible organisms of the northern cattle, and whether or not they are eliminated from the diseased body to become afresh center of infection.”* At this writing, I would not venture to give details as to the actual vegetation of the germs on the grounds, although I might be pardoned an opinion based on many laboratory cultures and some observations of other kinds. But as we are engaged in researches in that line I leave the point for another time. Sufficient it is to say, that germs excreted from of the body of southern stock, are not at once capable of much damage, but must first veg- etate, thereby becoming virulent, whilst the virus from tissues for instance is more readily inoculable. Virus excreted by diseased northern cattle is still weaker than from the southerners, and becomes virulent outside after a longer time. Texas fever is transmissable not only from southern stock to susceptible northern cattle, but under favorable circumstances, is inoculable between northern natives, although in the ordinary course of things in our climate transmission does not occur. We have inoculated native Missouri cattle with spleen and liver pulp from other dis- eased natives and produced typical cases of Texas fever, but it took large doses of virus. The rapidity of the course of the malady depends much on the origin and age of the virus. It was more rapid from old pulp kept in warmth and properly preserved tfian it was from virus of fresh matter, and it seems impossible to cause severe Texas fever with fresh urine, whilst the same exposed to warmth awhile becomes dangerous. We have succeeded also, though with great difficulty, to induce the disease in sheep, guinea pigs, white mice, white rats, and very rarely rabbits, kittens, and swine. The germs may be reproduced by inoculation of liver and spleen pulp in any of these subjects, but the quantity must be large and the gross typical spleen lesions are not always to be found. *The italics are mine. Our experiments furnish answers to the Doctor’s remarks, in part at least. P. P. Indeed the typical spleen enlargement and softening, and the bloody urine in a case of Texas fever produced by inoculation are not always present, nor are they always present in ordinary accidental cases in cattle. It depends largely on the virulence of the matter inoculated, the atmospheric temperature, the susceptibility of the subject; and the virulence depends on the generation of, and the influences on the germs outside, after their passage through one animal body, and before their reception by another individual. The very act of cattle eating fresh germs that have just been deposited on the ground by a Texas cow for instance, is not necessarily followed by perceptible fever. We have tested this and found that both on the grounds and in artificial cultures, the first generation (or generations perhaps) coming from virus just excreted from the animal body are not dangerous. It seems that the parasite has a resting period after being thrown out during which its virulence is very mild; and then the extreme viru- lence will come after several weeks, if the germs receive sufficient warmth and moisture. We have seen in this writing, that native Missouri cattle exposed with Southern stock immediately on their arrival here, in a pen of a few square feet, where they must swallow the parasites while eating, did not show fever before about a month, and in cases where those pens were shaded it took longer still. In those cases the germs were brought here by southern cattle and had to recuperate on our soil; it is the same thing when the disease is brought accidentally anywhere. Now in cattle exposed in Arkansas and Texas, where the germs are always on the grounds, and consequently are already virulent, the animals die within an average of twelve days from date of landing, during the warm seasons. Reports from Drs. Dinwiddie, of Arkansas, and Francis, of Texas, show that our unprotected stock exposed there died within ten to fifteen days. Thus it takes once o* twice as long for our native northern stock to die of the fever when the germs are brought to our pastures by southern cattle and dropped with manure and urine, as it takes wThen exposed to them on the southern soil itself, where the parasites receive almost constant warmth and sufficient moisture, and are therefore, always virulent. Germs artificially cultivated give results on the same principle. Investigators who have pursued researches concern- ing Texas fever, seem to have expected, by inoculation, always the typical lesions of the malady, as usually found when it originates by accident and runs an acute severe course. This is surely an unreasonable demand. One must allow for degrees in this disease as in any other. As stated above, the softness of the spleen and the bloody urine are not always present in accidental or purposely induced cases. It is simply the same malady with a lesser or greater degree of lesions. This is not the place to discuss this pathological question however, I merely desire to draw the attention of the readers to the fact that in producing Texas fever by inoculation, if only mild lesions are produced, providing that they are the same in character as are those of a typical case, that they are produced by the same germ, that the same germs are found in both, that the cultivated germs of both cases are alike in forms and mode of vegetation, that inoculations practiced with germs of animals rendered ill by inocula- tion cause again the growth of similar germs and the advent of lesions of identical character, the proof is suffi- cient. In inoculating Texas fever one must always remember the peculiarities of its virus, its many forms, weak one day, stronger later on, etc. The following tabulation of part of our inoculations speaks for itself. It is sejected because of the variety of the virus used and the many sources. All the inoculations not otherwise specified were hypodermatic and mostly in the tail. Date of In oc illa- tion. Animals Inoculated. Kind of virus Used and Record Marks. Results. Microscopic and Post-Mortem Appearances and Remarks. 1889. * i July 10 . Seriously 111: staggers Germs developed locally, then generalized, and subject reco /ered. .July 10 U (t U Germs of Texas fever found In blood, liver, spleen, etc July 11 U Ik U Germs similar as foundln preceding cases and In same organs, etc. Recovered Post-mortem, unfortunately, missed until too late A Uf 16 ) Thirteen different Different fresh and old Some slightly 111; none Occasionally corpuscles of the blood found diseased; some- to > Rabbits what crenelated Died Sept. 7th Found germs of Texas fever In liver, spleen and blood Slightly ill “ “ “ “ “ “ blood. Sep’t. 9.. 6 mos. ordinary pig Liver of native with Died Sept. 13 Lesions in liver and blood as those of Texas fever; same Oct. 1 Died Oct. 2 Germs found In blood, liver, etc., as those of Texas fever Oct 11 Cult CF1 Died Oct. 13 Liver enlarged; blood, liver and spleen had Texas fever germs . Exceedingly sick; one killed Germs and lesions similar to those of Texas fever; spleen wet. 10. .. Oct. 19, other died Oct. 20 not enlarged but gorged slightly OCt 18,. Cult D13 One died Oct. 19 Same lesions and germs as In preceding case,. Dec. 28... Cults. ABM', X"; A,, 9>£ A All slightly ill, Germs found In their blood as In Texas fever Feb. 13... 2 sheep.. . Decided lameness and illness. Germs found In their blood as In Texas fever Feb. 13... 2 white rats “ “ in tall. One died Feb. 15 Both have germs of Texas fever In all the inoculations mentioned above, it was possible to identify the germs satisfactorily, and then make from various spec- imens, cultures that became virulent and produced in cattle the same germs, the congestion of the liver, the distorted blood cor- puscles, etc., as occur in Texas fever. INOCULATIONS OF OTHER ANIMALS THAN CATTLE. 50 Inoculation of any other animal than cattle has been found difficult, were made in the course of our experiments. Still the following tabula- variety for our purpose. INOCULATIONS OF CATTLE Date of Inocula- tion, Animals Inoculated. Kiud of Virus and Record Marks. Av. fe- ver wit h i r, 5 days. Results. 1889. .June 29 lied steer Vaccine from urine of Texan 103®, F. Sent to Arkansas; lived.. “ 29 ... Red belter Vac. from manure of Texan.. 103 1-5 July 6 Red hornless heifer Germs from ticks 102 3-5 Contracted fever in Ark.. “ 20 ... Small red heifer Vac. from spleen of native. 103 2-5 Exposed to fever and lived “ 20 ... Spayed heifer « ,. .. ., 103 it U It it “ 26.... Roan heifer Culture 14 103* 103 3-5 it it ti tl “ 26.... Red heifer, Culture L3 it it it t% “ 26 .... Red heifer. 103 it i. U it Aug. 9 Heifer Strong virus from liver Tex’n Fed potato culture U6 ... . 104 1-5 Died on car “* 16 ... Long-horned cow... 106 Died Aug, 22 “ 16 ... Small spotted heifer.. . Intravelnous inoculation U6.. Died Aug. 16. “ 16.... Heifer, right horn broken Native liver and spleen pulp. 105 3-5 Died Aug, 24 Sept. 5 Blg-jaw steer 103 Sick; killed Sept. 20 Old cow Culture U6' 103 1-5 Recovered Oct. 3 Cow No. 5 Culture 9* in vein 104 Exceedingly 111; recover’d Some stagger’d; 40expos’d Indian Ter’y; 39 lived Slightly ill ■j “ 16,19,23 Dec. 28 Forty-one bulls Mild and strong vaccine 104 -f Heifer Vaccine virus weak ABM l 103 “ 31 .. Calf, four months Culture XY’A 102 1-5 Very slightly ill “ 16,21,23 Sixty-five head cattle Very strong vac., large doses. 105 All 111; 5 deaths “ 24.... Thirty head Herefords... Graduated vaccine 103 Sent to Texas and lived... 1890. Jan. 17... Red roan heifer. « Cult, AM' veinous inoculat’u. 102 3-5 Very sick “ 17.. . Little red steer Cult. AM- 103 Exceedingly sick; killed.. “ 17.... Old cow Cult. AM' In vein 103 1-5 “ “ staggers Feb. 13 Heifer 103 1-5 “ 13 ... Stall No. 3 heifer Cnlt. P. A' . 103 103 1-5 “ 13 ... Stall No 4 steer Weakly “ 13... Steer Granules from liver of South’r 102 4-5 Slightly ill Mar. 20.... Cow Granules from bile of native. 102 4 5 Indisposed It always took large doses. Many fruitless, and few successful attempts tion does not give all that we have on record, but shows a sufficient AT LABORATORY, ETC. Microscopic Revelations, Post-Mortem Appearances and Remarks. Lesions of Texas fever. Had previously in blood, germs produced by inoculation from the ticks. Germs found in the blood taken from the ear. Corpuscles mildly but typically impaired. Found the germs In drops of blood; corpuscles distorted. Mr. Hampton pronounced it Texas fever. It was produced by inoculation Typical case Texas fever; soft spleen, bloody urine and the germs. In a few hours the blood was mastered by the germs. Same culture that caused preceding death.. Typical case of Texas fever. The germs present Mild lesions of Texas fever. The germs present The blood presented the germs and the corpuscles were typically diseased Blood full of Texas fever germs for several days—gradually disappeared (Cattle of J J. McAlester. Seepage 27 (Germs In the blood as Inoculated and the blood mildly modified, as in Texas fever Germs in blood and corpuscles impaired, as In Texas fever Germs present in blood, which is clearly though mildly affected Characteristic cases of Texas fever. See A. B. Matthews’ letter, page 29.. Cattle of Mr. C. D. Foote. See his letter to San Angelo Standard, page 32. Typical germs and lesions of Texas fever in blood. Germs of Texas fever In blood, bile, liver, etc.; lesions in tissues mild, but characteristic. Germs found in blood, which is much affected, typically The blood and corpuscles show the germs of Texas fever. Killed within three days, and germs of Texas fever found. Typically distributed In liver, spleen, blood. Blood analyzed and found to contain the germs, as inoculated. Corpuscles distorted Texas fever germs found in blood Corpuscles distorted, etc. Germs in blood and affecting the corpuscules. DEDUCTIONS FROM ARTICLE VI 1st. That susceptible cattle contract the disease generally by swallowing the germs thrown out with urine, manure, etc., and that the breath does not cause it. 2nd. That the germs after passing through the ani- mal body are not ready to cause disease, but take some time to become deadly,—consequently the germs spread in the usual way on northern grounds, must first recuperate virulence, unless they were brought from the south in old manure and old urine adhering to the feet. 3rd. That ticks full of blood from infectious south- ern cattle, may, it seems, scatter the germs on our lands, though ticks of themselves cannot convey the disease. 4th. That the disease is inoculable from native to native, and would be transmitted between them if our warm seasons were extended enough, and if our frosts were lighter. 5th. That the malady is inoculable in a mild form to other animals than cattle, such as sheep, pigs, guinea pigs, white rats, white mice, etc. 6th. That in all animals inoculated the germs of Texas fever, and the most truly characteristic lesions that they cause, are reproduced in a more or less pronounced form. ARTICLE VII. THE PRINCIPLE OF IMMUNITY—HOW TEXAS CATTLE CARRY THE GERMS OF TEXAS FEVER AND YET REMAIN APPAR- ENTLY HEALTHY. VACCI- NATION. There are many theories advanced concerning the principle underlying immunity conferred by inoculation, vaccination, or an attack of disease. Smallpox is pre- vented by one attack, or by vaccination with cow pox* ♦Some renowned authorities claim that cow pox and horse pox are identical. during the existence of which the system is rendered proof against smallpox for a certain period; charbon is prevented for a certain period by one attack accidentally contracted, or purposely inoculated in a mild form ; black leg is prevented just the same way, and so are several other affections of a specific character. Texas fever we found to be preventable on the same line. As mentioned, immunity, however, exists in any dis- ease only for a time. Smallpox for several years, black leg for several years, charbon for a few months, Texas fever for a few months, etc., etc. In our experiments we found, as my readers have learned, that the Texas fever germs are always living in the bodies of the infectious southern cattle, and yet these remain apparently healthy. Thus, whilst the germs grow in them they are proof against an acute attack of the disease. But if infectious southern cattle are kept north, say in Missouri, for about a year, and then exposed to Texas fever again, they will contract the disease and may die. So they have immunity, or in other words, are proof against the disease, only for a short period, a few months or a year at most. This has been verified by actual shipments near Sturgeon, Mo., three years ago and by others throughout the state. The fact that southern cattle which are proof against the disease, have nevertheless, the germs of it constantly growing in their systems, shatters a few theories of a gen- eral character, attempting to explain by what phenomen the body actually becomes vested with power to resist disease. In Texas fever, as perhaps, in several infectious diseases, it seems only a question of tolerance. The body becomes accustomed to the action of the germs and its products just as one becomes accustomed to take mor- phine, or to the climatic influences of fever and ague. liow, as to how southern cattle bring us disease, whilst they seem free, it is very simple. They have been naturally inoculated or vaccinated from their mother’s womb before birth, and then have been subject to the influence of the germs all their lives. Thus they can just as safely carry the germs on them, in their bowels, etc., as a man, having had smallpox, or having been vaccinated, may carry the germs of smallpox on his person in any way, shape or form. Indeed he might swallow them with impunity to himself, and yet might distribute the virus and cause small pox in others. How concerning the transmission between natives, that rests solely on two conditions: the nature of the germs and the nature of the climate. It has been seen that the germs on southern soil, where it is always warm more or less, are always deadly except during cold times, and that cattle exposed there die within ten or twelve days. The same germs gathered on southern soil and brought here in a- glass jar, say, have the same effects. But if southern cattle bring us the germs in their bodies, i. e., in their bowels and urine, the condition is changed. In such cases the germs deposited on our grounds remain harmless between one and two months at least. During that time, exposed to sun heat, and sufficient moisture, the virulence is regained, and then exposed susceptible cattle sicken and die. How when our natives get the fever they deposit the germs on the ground just as the southern stock, but before the germs can gain virulence, the cold and frosty season of the north is on them, and modifies and even destoys their activity. Some experiments, not given in detail in this bulletin show, as all observations do, that eool weather retards the gro wth of the germs, that f reezing point for several hours intercepts the 'vegetation to adult forms, and long frosts modify these even to destruction. The reason, therefore, that in the ordinary course of things, native cattle suffer- ing from Texas fever do not transmit the disease to others, is simply because the duration of our warm season is not long enough to allow the germs to grow in virulence, after passing through the animal body. By inoculation and cultivation of germs from such stock we found this to be the truth, and those of my readers who have had the patience to read this carefully, have perhaps already «ome to this conclusion themselves. CONCLUSIONS. The conclusions that we have arrived at from the facts developed by all our experiments and researches are given here in direct reply to each proposition that we formulated when we began our work, i. e., the proposi- tions that will be found on pages 6 and 7 of this bulletin. 1st. The Texas fever germs may be found in some surface soils, grasses and pond waters of the infectious districts of the southern states. 2nd. The virus is found in the liver, spleen, lymph glands, kidneys, blood, bile, urine and fceces (fresh drop- pings of manure) and is transferred to the north chiefly by the urine and manure. 3rd. Ticks and the feet of cattle are capable of carrying the germs to distant lands. 4th. The period of incubation, i, e., the lapse of time between the moment that germs are taken in the body by susceptible cattle and the appearance of the disease, is between eight and twelve days only. Cattle may be exposed longer and not become affected, but this depends on the weakness of the germs in conditions demonstrated by our field tests and inoculations. 5th. So far, experiments indicate that' about 30 days after leaving the southern infectious soil, the southern cattle are not dangerous; consequently, if they were kept that long in quarantine north of the fever line, they could then be safely scattered among northern stock. More experiments are necessary on this point. 6th. The cheapest mode that we know now to disin- fect cars and yards, is by quicklime, corrosive sublimate solution, or steam; but here again we mean to experiment further. Chloride of lime has little value except to impart a pleasanter odor. 7th. The means to disinfect southern cattle alive, and render them harmless before shipping- north is not settled and vre shall experiment with that end in view this year. 8th. Inoculation was at tirst very unsuccessful, but afterwards proved beneficial. Properly inoculated cattle were shipped and exposed south with little or no dam- age. More experiments are needed on this point. 9th. Other animals than cattle, may, under certain conditions, when shipped by rapid transit, bring Texas fever north, and one good observation indicates that a shipment of horses has done so in the state of Missouri. 10th. During favorable weather, virus spread in the north with fresh manure and urine directly from southern cattle, becomes virulent in about 30 days, (and perhaps occasionally iess) during the warm months, and remains virulent until decidedly cool weather. 11th. Under the circumstances explained in this bulletin, northern cattle suffering from Texas fever may communicate the disease to other northern natives, though this cannot occur in the ordinary course of things in Missouri,or any where north, because cold weather arrives too soon to allow the vegetation of the germ to virulent maturity. 12th. Calves born south become inoculated or receive the germs of Texas fever directly from their mothers before birth, and then continue to resist the germs, first because of this natural inoculation, and second, because of receiving the virus gradually, perhaps in the milk, and then when they begin to eat or nibble on grass. PRACTICAL THINGS. So far our work points to two things at least that may prove of practical value to the people. First, the means of preventing Texas fever by inoculation, thereby opening to all the northern states a grand market for im- proved cattle. In spite of disease, a few people South risk and lose thousands and thousands of dollars yearly in their attempts to import that class of stock which may improve their herds; if we can prevent Texas fever our farmers and stockmen may make hundreds of sales instead of only a few sales annually. The process of inoculation is simple and one may apply the virus in a few minutes (for each operation.) The method of producing the vaccine or protective virus is not easily understood and none can procure a safe and active material, but he who has been taught and is a microscopist. In a nut shell however, the Texas fever vac- cine consists of the germs artificially prepared or culti- vated, weakened by heat or frost, and graduated and dosed according to age and size of the cattle to be inoculated. We are still at work to simplify and perfect the system. Then we can speak more specifically and more at length on the point. I had written in detail the methods to make the vaccine virus, but on receipt of inquiries leading me to think that some incompetent person intended to try its production without sufficient knowledge and training, I concluded, at the last moment, to wait until this year’s work is finished. If an incompetent individual should at- tempt such a thing, and fail, as may naturally be expected of him, the whole proposition will be at once considered as doubtful, and the people will lose the benefits in view. So I will clearly state the principles involved in the production of Texas fever vaccine, when the whole work is complete, and we have simplified the matter. The second practical thing is the means of transport- ing southern cattle without scattering Texas fever along the line. By our methods of shipment, as may be ascer- tained in these pages, we have transported to Missouri, from Texas and Arkansas, three loads of infectious cattle, and their droppings in the car proved harmless even when tested purposely. But this, I am sure, can be improved. If we can secure the consent, and the financial aid necessary, I feel that more simple means of safe trans- portation of southern cattle can be devised, by the practice of which, our interstate cattle traffic will be much simplified, to the great relief of the people and transportation companies. The ultimate result of all this, we hope, will be the modification of the injurious quarantine lines and regula- tions, now existing between the south and north concern- ing Texas fever, and then a free and beneficial market that will enrich both sides equally. If our funds were not so limited, we could accomplish much to that end in a comparatively short time, but as it is we have to go exceedingly slow, beg our way partly, and even make personal sacrifices. We may, therefore, be forced to experiment a long while yet. But we are much gratified to present to the people of the State of Missouri, who have supported these investi- gations to a considerable extent; to the legislative members since 1885, who supported the State Veterinary law and improved it much; to the Boards of Curators since I am State Veterinarian, who always encouraged the Veterinary Department and the tea chings of Veterinary Science in the State University; to their Excellencies, Governors Morehouse and Francis, who, in their turn, officially favored and cheerfully encouraged these investi- gations of Texas fever, we are gratified I say, to present many hitherto unknown facts, that will be of practi- cal utility to our country. We shall continue our work, until we find the truth about the points still obscure or still enveloped in mystery. Notwithstanding all our hopes and expectations, the people will please bear in mind that we are experimenting and have not worked more than one year. We may be disappointed in many things, but we have grounds for further researches. > Your humble servant, PAUL PAQUIN, M. D., V. M. State Veterinarion’s Office; Laboratory of Pathology, Columbia, April, 1890. THE GERM OF TEXAS FEVER. (Magnified 1,0C0 Diameters.) Explanation of the Figures. Fig. 1. The microbe of Texas fever at various stages of its development, from a shaken liver-broth culture pure, one day old, (that became inoculable). Origin from the blood of a native suffer- ing from Texas fever. Letters a, d, h, point to the small ovoid staOe described by Frank S. Billings as the adult form; the letters b, i, g, present ovoid forms elongating and spots within; the letters o, c, as well as the b pointing to a small circle to the left of the figure show the cocoid appearance or perhaps the same forms as the preceding standing on end, and thus presenting a view of the top of one extremity; m, fine new forms to develop in the ovoid represented by a, b, h; f, r, germs sufficiently developed to show by dots, what seems at this stage to be the ends of new ovoid forms within; p, still further development of a mother cell showing two fine ovoid bodies within, which are to be freed, and appear then as shown by letters m, and later a, b, etc., etc.; e, k, figure S germ,—an appear- ance probably identical with Dr. Salmon’s bacteria of Texas fever. Fig. 2. Forms in a photograph of old bile of a cow killed when suffering from Texas fever. Some may be crystals(?) but I think most represent the adult forms in the outer world. Some forms in such bile, not shown in the cut, had a flagellum, or pro- longation at each end. Fig. 3. Germs from a culture in beef broth; very wrell devel- oped; proved inoculable. Fig. 4. Germs from liver of healthy Arkansas steer killed pur- posely; proved inoculable; furnished the culture represented in Fig.3. Fig. 5. Germs from liver of heifer killed when suffering from Texas fever; proved inoculable; the bile of this liver furnished the germs for the virulent culture represented in Fig. 9. Fig. 6. Germs from a liver of native, suffering from Texas fever produced by inoculation of liver pulp of Texas cowr. Fig. 7. Germs in liver of hog that died after inoculation of fresh virus from spleen of Texas bovine. Fig. 8. Surface germs from blood serum culture, twenty-four hours old. Fig. 9. Germs from bile (read Fig. 5) cultivated on potatoe; caused Texas fever by feeding and by inoculation. See tables of inoculation. Note.—We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Dr. H. J. Detmers and Prof. C. L. Herrick, of Ohio, in photographing or drawing three or four of these figures from our slides. GERMS FOUND IN THE STUDY OF TEXAS FEVER. GERMS FOUND IN THE STUDY OF TEXAS -EVER Fig.4. x 1000. Fig. 5 X 1000. Find, x 1000 . Fic*<6. X 1000. Fig. 7. x 1000 Fig.2. X 1000. Fig.3. x 10 00. Fiti.tt. X 1000. Fig. 9. X 1000.