..*^ . A ?«V*. JS*V WTWX t JL .x-j**^^- .3i?J#:' \ ,-• POST MORTEM EXAMINATIONS -made at— |togljti.^J.ien.f)0Sijital A. A. Suraeon W. C MJ^OR. „^° - ■ ^/ngtonf4 NEW HAVEN, CONN. KNIGHT IIOSriTAL PBHfT- 1S(J4. Q-Z. M4Up /St4- ! ACCIDENTAL STRANGULATION. Autopsy, 11 lxoixx*s after death. Autopsy of Joshua Gore, about 11 or 12 I ours after death, Od. Zd, 18G3, (05° Fah.) A. Well marked hypostasis of the trunk and members cadaveri- cally rigid. Gunshot abcess just an inch forAvard of right ramus dis- charging pus, and a fistulous opening into mouth an inch and a half anterior to this, with an old ununited fracture of jaw. B. SECT 10 CAD A VERIS. 1. Scalp and membranes largely injected with blood; effusion be- tween membranes—giving a semi-opalescent appearance between the gyri, especially over parietal and occipital lobes. Brain quite consist- ent, very fully and minutely injected with blood. The right corpus striatum had a yellow hardened cicatrix (?) of an irregular form, ex- tending from above downwards perhaps half an inch. Its color varied in parts from pus to gall. The choroid plexus on each side was pale slightly opalescent and had blebs (?) of fluid. 2. 1st. In the pharynx was a piece of corned meat—mostly gristle— extending an inch or two dcAvn the acsophagus and a little Avay down the larynx. This had been undoubtedly the cause of death. 2nd. The larynx was opened auteriorly, was slightly but minutely injected, and tliis injected mucous membrane could two hours afterwards be readily scraped ofl' by the forceps. The posterior intercartilaginous membrane was cf a darker color uniformly. 3d. The lungs had old pleuritic ad- hesions behind, and mesially to the pericardium completely covering the course of even the right phrenic nerve. Were externally spotted with black, internally filled with blood and hypostased. Bubbles of air to be squeezed out with {he blood, but not so freely posteriorly as anteriorly. 4th. The heart Avas large and flaccid, especially the auricles, and contained almost no blood. There Avas little serum in the pericardial cavity. 3. 1st. The Liver Avas quite large, had a slightly granulated—cirrhose —appearance externally, but appeared quite normal internally. 2nd. The Stomach Avas highly injected, its mucous membrane showing the vessels very distinctly. These were not to be scraped off. 3d. The Spleen Avas small and soft and granular. 4. The blood was entirely fluid, not a clot having been observed in any part, nor did it coagulate on the floor or table. The officer Avho shook the subject Avhen he was first found had been accused of causing his death, which the post mortem disproved. Gore might however been saved, as when first seen he was heard breathing convulsively, but supposed to be drunk. Time 11 1-2 at night. Gore was said to have been a very intemperate man. There were no indica- tions of it in the post mortem. / TRAUMATIC PERITONITIS. Autopssy, lO Ixonx-s aUtex- deatli. Autopsy of Patrick Costello, a deserted substitute, made about ten hours after death, from gunshot penetrating wound of the abdomen received three hours before death, Oct. 15th, 18C3. A. The body had a white and somewhat Avaxy appearance. There were faint traces of hypostasis on the back of the trunk. There was a round gunshot Avound nearly half an inch in diam- eter in the lelt lumbar region from Avhich oozed a sanious fluid. A very offensive odor Avas also emitted. The Avound was about three inches to the left of and a little below the line of navel. When probed it had seemed to lead doAvn to the crest of the ilium. B. SECTIO CADAVERIS. 1. The posterior portion of the longitudinal sinus of the brain alone had any blood in it. 2. The lungs were quite white and very little hypostasis shown. The heart was of some size, was destitute of blocd except in the left (?) A'entrical where there Avas a regular polyp structure, the red globules having separated and the fibrin coagulated. There Avas a good deal of straw colored clear fluid in the pericardium. 3. The inner surface of the abdominal cavity showed a round patu- lous opening about one inch beloAv the external Avound. Into this a small portion of omentum protruded firmly and was partially adherent. Large clots of blood formed adhesions in every direction betAveen the omentum intestines and the walls of the abdomen, and a large quantity of fluid blood occupied the posterior portions of the abdominal and the pelvic cavities. No deposits of pus. The liver Avas of a leaden color and had but little blood in it Avhen cut into. The sigmoid flexure was uncommonly well marked and just medially—internally—to the ascending portion and about two inches beloAv the superior curve a\ as a penetrating Avound of the mesentery. From the flexure overlying the descending colon in part there was a penetrating wound of the peri- toneum just internally to that gut. The wound then led into the sub- stance of the psoas muscle and through that into the superior surface of the left Aving of the sacrum. It then passed downward traArer^in" the substance of the sacrum from half to fourth of an inch behind the anterior surface of the sacrum, and cutting through the first second and third anterior sacrosiatic foramina, and in the last it remained CHRONIC DIARRHOEA. Aiitopssjy, 3 lioxrrss after deatli. ------<----*+*--------- Autopsy of James Gerald, a soldier long sick of Chronic Diarrhaa, u-lm (].'nl finally u-ith symptoms of Phthisis, the Diarrhata being ci'i(.fk-y\ made three hours after death, Nov. 14, 1863. A. No hypostasis. The body very emanciate. B- SECT10 CADA VE1US. 1. The entire upper lobe of the left lung was occupied with a cavity. Internally against the pericardium, it was condensed, adherent with smaller cavities discharging pus. The outer portion of the loAver lobe was just free from adhesion, had a small portion that crepitated, but was against the pericardium also adherent, condensed and with forming tubercles (?). He had coughed incessantly before death and the cavi- ties were quite open and free from offensive matter. The right lung appeared Avhite and full of air, but the upper subclavicular end was condensed with an incipient abcess and pus. 2. The pericardium contained a good deal of straw colored serum (half full ?) chronic inflammation by the near presence of the diseased lung? The heart A\as quite small. 3. The omentum formed a thin membrane with faint lines of fat here and there. The stomach Avas of considerable size and had no sign of inflammation on its serous or mucous coats. The liver was of a dark lead color with a faint purplish tinge, of normal size, but very free from blood when cut into, and finely granular. The spleen was also very free from blood and nearly the same color as the liver without perhaps quite so much of the purple tint. The ilia appeared normal, but the cot-cdi surti.ee of the ilio-ccecal valve was injected of a dark red color. The contents of the ilia were clay yellowish and of the consist- ence of hasty puddimr. The appendix vermiformis was a white cord about a pipestems thickness. The caput coli was a distinct head and filled with fa;ces, and its mucous surface Avas inflamed. The trans- verse colon Avas white, contracted to the thickness of my finger, Avith the sacculi strongly apparent on each side. Similar was the condition of the descending colon. The appendices appiploicoe Avere scattered tags of very yelloAv fat. The kidneys were unusually large and the pelvic cavities Avere filled up. 4. 'ihe fatty tissue in all parts of the body was extremely yellow. There Avas but little blood in the body, yet a Avell formed clot in the heart. Tavo hours afterAvards some of it was found still fluid in the heart. The weather was Avarm and wet. LYMAN R. ROYCE. Autopsy, 1 houx- after death. ----------*♦♦----------- Autopsy of Roy ce, a colored soldier, made one hour after death, De- eember 31st, 1863. A. Royce was found in a dying condition but a few hours before dteath,. and had been treated as for a cold two days before. B. SECT 10 CAD A VERIS. 1. But little blood from vertical section of the scalp. xV gelatinous appearing effusion under arachnoid;, and on right side near vertex of brain a distinct lymph globule about the size of a pea in a larger mass of gelatinious fluid. The substance of the brain was injected. Choroid plexus was pale. 2. Lungs without adhesions and* perfect. The superior left lobe had an old cicatrix with chalky concretions in it, and yet no adhesion there. The pericardial cavity had barely an ounce of fluid in it. 3'. Stomach was filled with fluid. The colon and ilia empty. Trans- verse colon about one inch in width and sacculated. The Liver ol a chocolate red normal color. Kidneys large. Appendix vermiformis about eight inches long. CL The external abdominal rings were large, as was also the penis. ALCOHOL! POISONING. Autopsy, 84 hours after death. Autopsy of Lake, a colored soldier, made twenty-four hours after death, Jan. 4th, 1864. A. Suspected to have been poisoned. Was seen drunk twenty minutes after drinking and died in two hours and a half. B. SECT 10 CADAVERIS*. 1. Gelatinious appearing effusion,, but fluid under arachnoid. Sub- stance of brain congested. 2. Lungs free from any adhesions and sound. The pericardial cav- ity had about half an ounce of fluid. 3. Stomach filled AArith fluid and fragments of apples. Slight marks of inflammation on its inner surface. Transverse colon about one inch wide. Appendix vermiformis three inches long. Bladder distended with fluid, showing well the pre-peritoneal cavity when the abdomen was opened. C. Glans penis had spots of color like nit. argenti stains. Partial distribution of pigmentum nigrum. ~--- ft L^Xfrvv^fe^ «r Svu/3 ACUTE PNEUMONIA with some PLEURISY. Autopsy, 3 lxours after death. ': Autopsy of John Benson, a colored soldier, who died of Pneumonia, ■made three hours after death, Jan. 1th, 1864. A.. A rather stout negro about 30 years old. A watery blister mark on left side. B. SECT 10 CA DA 1 'ERIE. hs«The pericardial cavity had about two drachms of serum. The eight aunde- was greatly distended with Llood as Avere the vense cavae; the left auricle was" small and empty. q^) The left lung had adhesions of recent date on its pcsterior wall^was hepatized with the exception of its superior end, the anterior edge, and the inferior end. Tiiiije parts alone-ei»e-pitete-*k On being cut into it appeared of a decided liver like color in which the open bronchial tubes appeared as Avhite spots. No-deeided serum or purulent show. The right lung appeared healthy, crepitating in every direction, but Avhen cut into shoAved the bronchi filled Avith frothy mucous and pus, and its substance had dark red congesting points of the size of a pea. These were nearer the entrance of the bronchi into the lung. There were no rece»t adhesions. 2. Tlje transverse colon Avas immensely distended with air and great- ly flexed out of place. The ascending colon and the sigmoid flexure Avere also greatly distended, as also Avere the lesser intestines. All were however comparatively empty, save of air. The appendix A'ermiformis was some eight inches.long. The stomach was empty and contracted to the size of a medium cucumber. The liver wa.i very large and pushed high up. Its substance appeared healthy. 3, There was a little subcutaneous effusion, caused by the blister, probably\over the pectoralis muscle. The high protrusion of the liver led the surges. !..y<3 >,-£- i 3.-b^ *% GmJSXmi sent «rwnfrom Conscript Camp with acute rheumatism of ^U knee. ,iclotfkavingasmoothed andhardened sur- face at the sides, and an open cavity or depression superiorly, in Avhich clots of black coagula adhered to the softer rough bottom. The base of the clot Avas fastened by Avhite cords passing into the fissures between the column carnae. A smaller *n*d-less formed similar white clot occu- red the ventricle, on the light side,- but did not extend beyond the conus ateriosus. The left auricle and ventricle Avere comparatively shrunk- in and the latter only had a black post mortem clot of small size. The blood on this side A\as all thick and bhwk. The left lung, with the exception of its anterior edge, was entirely adherent to the thorax and its lobes were united." ^4*e substance A*iia_not hepatized,. but had traits of a pale solid structure, with here and there traces of a Avell defined pus cavity, Many of the blood vessels appeared enlarged and blood flowed freely and in unusually large streams. A very few spots Avere of a dull red color distantly resembling hepatization. The^loAver lobe was most congested. The right lung amis -wholly free from any adhe- sions to the pleura, but the interlobular fissures Avere partly filled up |om the base of the lung. Thtilk lobes were more decidedly tubercu- lar and less congested, but admitted air more freely than on the left Bide. The-thymus gland Avas full of blood and of the size of a butter- nut. The hulbus arteriosus was injected Avith blood and retunlatc. 3. The liver was large ; the left lobe flattened out into an additional lol*J with large veins showing at the surf.ice here and there. The right lobe was thick and enclosed the pundus of the gall bladder. This lat- ter was distended, but not of a high color, and did not stain around. The color of liver was unusually purplish.. The spleen Avas normal and of a purple lead color. The Kidneys were small but natural other- wise. t\ In this case, for several days before death, there was hardly any Wise to be distinguished either at wrist or neck, and perhaps to the Anall quantity of blood that could have gone to the lungs may be attriauted the slower chronic inflammation. PNEUMONIA TYPIIOIDES. Autopsy, 1£S hours after death. Autopsy of 3Ioses Williams, a colored soldier* made between twelve and fifteen hours after death, Feb^ith, 1864. B. SECTIO CADAVERIS: 1. No blood on vertual section of scalp- A small amount ofcffusioa Tinder arachnoid at vertex, and some Avhite granular adhesions to plura mater there- Meningeal vessels if right side apparently more numer- ous and gorged with blood- Those of left side not so full- Sutstar.ce of brain slightly hardened and filled with blood so that it flowed after the knife- Ventricles enlarged and filled with fluid- Choroid of a pinkish red color- #. Pericardium filled Avith fluid- Bnlbus arteriosus highly injected and with a deposit of nearly transparent lymph forming a half ring about it- Heart large and distended on each side, but especially on right side- On posterior surface of left ventricle, near base, there was a white spot about the size and shape of a stamps—The pleural sides jjXpexifiardium were fully injected,, but the inner sides were pale,"arid not red- In right side of heart there Avas an interesting group of clots occupying almost the entire cavity- The ventricle was greatly enlarged and softened, especialiy on the inner surface- These clots seemed to consist of an older Avhite formation, occupying right and posterior sides ■ ;m ;' of auricle and ventricle, and upon this a more recent clot of partially ,', black coagulum, and less definitely formed white coagulum seemed to have been deposited- The'vftlder white clot also extended up the conus arteriosus and continued into pulmonary arteries with a distinct cast of the tricuspid valves- It was continued from just beyond the valves by ^a-a - a black coagulum into the right and left--pulmonary arteries. _ 1- The ««' left ventricle had also a tolerably well formed white clot .and mixed ttlr'.i white and red and black coagula- £, The left lung had adhesions on \>^ the posterior surface that were recent, and layers of lymph could be raised and torn away. Beneath these cm.the posterior pari of the supe- rior lobe of that -side, the surface was blotched with bright reel si ota looking, as though it IwwMresh bloodjrprir.lded on it- These avcic be- neath the serous membrane of the lung. The substance of the lum' was oi-A. softened -consistence, of a pale red color, asone might suppose* 1 ^ ,(0(v^( a soaked liver to.be. Erom many of the arteries white clots like those '^■w^the heart were dnrwn out. A reddish muco-purulent fluid saturated the Avhole. The superior end of the upper lobe, its anterior edge and the inferior and anterior edge of lower lobe only crepitated freely. The right lung was slightly adherent ftapastociox.surface, but had none of those bright red markings found on the other lung , Ithad a superficial indication -vt' a division of the upper lobe by a transverse fissure above a»d p-.trallel. with the ordinary trans verse, interlobular fissure* BuL- stance w*43S5^6T)uiarly affected with pale solidification. t>. Siomach hael its mucous coat very Avhite. No traces of inflamma- tion in the intestines, wliich were, however, somewhat inflated. Liver la rge, a little pale and softened. Spleen soft and of a purple blue color- K dneys not showing the cortical and medullary substances distinctly. T le pyramids of Malpighius very distinctly shown hoAvever. C. Williams had been sick with pneumonia; had got better, and wpnt home for a week or so and came back only to die. PLEURISY. .Vutopsy, J5 houx*s after death. CYtwi "Xlfi---------------♦—._..-------------- . • i Autopsy rrf~R. Ostis, a colored soldier, made three hours after death, 7l£.£-< C M»Mttkyl£G4. A, tl-iU^J) /• *> U ^U} >Q A. Marks of blisters on chest, left side. No intercostal swelling. Ly. ifc. SECTIO CAD A VERIS. £/., ua, 4\ >• ■ . - *A ■' <-■ tO fi tU ', 1. Tlie superficial temporal veins Avere full of blood. Some effusion at vertex, and white roughening spots. Substance of brain soft. Ven- tricles not distended with fluid nor enlarged. Choroid plexus rosy red. Meningeal vessels distended with bloqfli f\ , , ^ \ '/ ■ <\.c 2. Pericardium held about 1 oz. of a <}*ttte.ye!loAv d*^^- There Avere ''!f±U numerous white stringy deposits connecting heart and pericardium. The diaphragmatic surface of pericardium Ava* ;;r,; t'y roughened with white granules, and to a certain extent the posterior and lateral walls. A white fibrinous clot, softer than mostof., those found in tyhoid pneu- moftfaH~a«d-B.tMllci, occupied the right auricula interdigitating J*y-stnrb« ■4ar wrds Avith the musculi pectinati,(communicat«n^jiy aflat stem «teoo* tlie-8«e-a little mere like hepatization J^f fluid about some of the vessels of substance of liver. The in- testinal canal was also tinted yellow, almost to colo-caj ut. The ilia also^kbout six inches from valve of Bauliin was injectedwith btood for nearly a foot,, but there were no indications of ulceration within. Kid- neysflarge but healthy- Supra-renal capsules present. Spleen quite free from blood* soft, and of a paler blue than usual. *"€? The man had felt comparatively easy, was eating his break- fasbin bed and died suddenly. A search for the coagulum up the right ^pflSmonary artery was diverted by the flooded pleural cavhy- y PLEUROPNEUMONIA. Autopsy, O hours after death. -----------»♦*----------- Autopsy of «/"- W. Holbut, a colored soldier, made six hours after- death, Feb. 10th, 1864. A. Had marks of blisters on chest, and of cupping. Had. clan and swollen penis. B. SECTIO CAD A VERIS. 1. The cellular tissue of anterior mediastinum over apex of heart was infiltrated with a yellow serum, and continuous with inflammatory deposits at anterior edge of left pleural cavity and lung. The pericar- dial cavity had but a little effusion in it, and no deposits of lymph were observed. The right side of heart was somewhat distended, and had a white clot and black coagulum. The white ciot was not, however as large as in many cases observed, nor was the displacement as great to the left. §>. The left lung was hepatized. Its outer walls adherent by old de- posits, and the anterior and inferior edge,' cbVered with recent wlute deposits of lymph. The right lung had its lower lobes ata> hepatized. 3.-Tire liver was large and somewhat softened. Thecal! bladder had itA^j ^ / / (\ AV f an-accessojy sac near duct, and b-Qth were distended with gall. The intestines were HiflatcA ■Gi He had complained of a pain in the region over apex of heart excessively severe, and had referred it to the heart. The pulse had been irregular and frequent. TYPHOID PNEUMONIA. Autopsy, lO hours after cleath. ----------------**♦.---------------. Autopsy of John Price, a colored soldier, made ten hours after death, Feb. Uth, 1864. A.----Had a scrntal-hernia on right side. B, . SMCTW GADA VERIS. 1. Vertical section of scalp showed veins full of blood. Membranes pqne and with yellow fibrinous clots in the vessels. A little effusion uniler vertex, and a few white granulations outside of dura mater. Substance of brain hardened, rather dark, but not congested. Ventri- cle! normal in size Avith a little effusion. Choroid plexus very pale- Numerous yellow strings of clot in vessels of surface and substance. 2. Right-ausjele-gr-etttly distended, of a pale fatty appearance. Eight vftntricle also enlarged and softened. Its anterior surface with lymph effused, and fine threads of recent formation connecting with the lateral and_posierior ^waUs. Large white clots in each side of the heart, and reaching from right side deep into lungs* fimit left side dwindling into stcings^» areh~of aorta, ■ There were black coagula adhering to them in the- vessels, and rather more in auricles than in ventricles. About 11-2 oz.of effusion in pericardial cavity. Left lung adherent on every side: Anterior surface covered Avith a layer of coagulated lymph, that could be taken up as a thick Avhite membrane,' ^Substance »S4*H»g crep- itant, but congested^' "the upper endoi'upper lobe had an oldtubercu- \£m cicatrix with white chalky deposits. s Right lung had old adhesions on upper and anterior surface^' and upper, crepitant but congested. %. Liver large and softened. Gall bladder small and containing a tlnYk, viscid dark green fluid. Great omentum drawn down to right iirt »rnal abdominal ring Avhere it Avas adherent in the hernial sac and to tlft abdominal walls. Also a cord like adhesion including about two fee t of intestines in Avhich at lowest point a knuckle about four inches loAg Avas inflamed. Behind the contained adherent omentum in the hlrnial sac, Avas a cavity obout the size of a thumb, in which some fresh lymph and serum had been effused. It had, hoAvever, all the ap- pekrance of an old sac and probably received the knuckle of intestines noticed above. The cremasteric fascia was very distinct over the proper hernial sac, and behind the sas iay the vas deferens, plexus, pampini- fol-me, and arteries of the cord, while the atrophied testis lay below in its! tunica propria. The relatives of the epigastric artery to the sac were thelse of a proper inguinal hernia. The liver had numerous thin trans- parent bands (traces of old adhesion) connecting it Avith duodenum and stojnach and the parietes of abdomen. Similar bands also connected vaijious portions of the ilia, but these were not as numerous as those of liv^r. The spleen was small and pale. The kidneys rather larger than usual. The bladder was full to distension, reaching up some four inches above pelvis. PLEUROPNEUMONIA.. Autopsy, £2 hours after death. --------*»*-------- Autopsy of James N. Fowler, a colored soldier, made two hours after death, Feb. 15th, 1864. B- . SECTIOX1ADAVERIS. f 1. The pericardium held six and a half oz. of a clear serum. M*4«- ealized traces of inflammation* The right ventricle was rather large, but soft and flabby, and its waflls were about one quarter inch thicK. A "small white clot more or less marked with red, and really continuous into a black coagulum lying imconus arteriosus, occupied the ventricle ■h/jvl' and was continuous upward w#h a similar clot in the auricle. Both i "■* auricular and ventricular portions were closely fastened by fibrinous - "* threads around the muscular columns of the heart. The left ventricle ^Wrt.,,, Avas contracted, and its walls appeared very thick. A small white clot Vwii "2 aI>out tne thickness of a finger, continuous up the aorta but continually j t smaller, was fastened in its ap^x. The blood fiOAved very freely from "^ h". the innominate vein and fluidly but coagulated on the table and in the basin in fifteen minutes, and w|thout any extensive separation of the white crusta pleuritica. There? was no white coagulum in the thoracic aorta. / ^ 2. The left lung had only recent adhesive effusion-over anterior face of upper lobe.' The,lower part of upper lobe was soft-, of a grey color spotted-with-black when cut into and* infiltrated Avith muco-purulent fluid? This formed a segment from base of the lungtothe surface all along the interlobular fissure. UJlie rest of the lobe crepitated but was infiltrated with fluidj' The lower lobe Avas mostly crepitant but infil- trated. The upper lobe of right lung also had recent adhesion and the upper and lower lobes though partly crepitant, were infiltrated" ""the „■<. A / A,1 (Ji^L {|/X a. £-w w n Lu)3'\,\vl\uA. / / middle lobe •linnwwas comparatively dry and crepitant. The tracflj^,^, and bronchi were filled with muco-purulent fluid. The pleural wall* were lymUtfullj injected. The-giandulaB atrse behind the base of the luugjn left-eicio and forward, of aorta below base of lung were large, s(sizc.of.an almond,) and one had-in its black substance a chalky depos- it 4ikc_tiiat of-ruberc+e-.-* /3. The liver was large and soft and had a good deal of blood in it. ThV cap>ule of Glisson separated easily from over its whole surface. Ti(e gall bladder was small. There was some serum in the abdominal ea/ity, but no lymph ©r localized inflammation. The entire cellular tissue behind the peritoneum, especially on the left side was infiltrated wiljh a yellowish fluid, and the thoraic duct presented an extraordinari- ly distinct set of glands and fibrous connections through the abdominal reg/on. The kidneys were large but healthy. The spleen of full si2e and)}f a steel blue color. Intestines (ilia) inflated. The greater part of cfelon also inflated. The left side of transverse colon however, was constricted to a little less than the Avidth of the ordinary small intes- tine!. Bladder distended. C. He was for some six hours dying, out of his head, repeating portions of Scripture and finally the alphabet. TYPHOID PNEUMONIA. Autopsy, S hours after death. Autopsy^ofJohn Thomas, a colored soldier, made eight hours after death, Feb. 17th, 1864. W^^h^uIIS-A*** _g__ StiCjjiia-434r>A vsRf». 1. YelloAv effusion at upper part of anterior mediastinum in front of and above remains of thymus gland* Pericardium held about four oz-. of clear yelleir'straw colored serum* Hgartpusbed & little to .the left a-ndTrrsteflded. Eight ventricle enlarged, walls not over 1-4 inch thick.- . A firmly interlace^ Avhite or yellow clot occupied anterior portion of '" , ventricle from tri^lochin valves to apex, and up conus arteriosus into ' pulmonary arteries; Behind this a black recent coagulum quite uni- form in substance (and quite distinct lay, connecting the coagulated blood which filled the distended auricle Avith that which filled the pul- ,' ^ monary arteries. Some fluid blood (or serum colored with blood, it r\a,- ^ was so fluid) ran ou\ upon making the first incision into ventricle in situ. Left ventricle/was enlarged Avith somewhat thickened Avails, and a small flat yellow cbagulum occupied its internal face and extended-as a fiat band up aorta( Black coagulated blood occupied the left auricle and the aorta. The) black coagulum of right auricle had a shining surface, somewhat lTErTthat of oil poured on water. Left lung had the posterior part of the upper lobe solidified and softened and of a grey- red color. The rest of the lung crepitated, but Avas congested Avith Blood and mucus, there being also capillary bronchitis. The upper and lower right lung lobes Avere also congested and softened, but crep- itant. The middle lobe of right lung was clearly crepitant and nearly healthy, showing only a fine rod streak when cut intc. There were old- pleuritic adhesions on both right and left sides, but there was also re-' cent effusion of lymph on the left side. like those of the valves/ hut longer and finer, Avere found on the valxe of Ejusjachms,. and_reaehijng ove£ to the superior pillar of the fagsa tnr?lla—nn the left side a small fibrin clot wt» fotmd. When djnw_n_nnt of the aorta.it was. found to'consist of two separate portions; the one quite firm and Avhite, about tlie thickness of a quijlf^had some two inches up, been folded on itself, and this, with its/fold, had been included in a thin, softer and whiter sheet of fibrin^iat^—There were ^indications of. a,depositintewnediate te-Ako-iwor-^'The left lung was crepitant, with only recent adhesions behind. Its substance Avas con- gested with blood, and spotted all through Avith a somewhat more solid and deeper red substance, usually, if not always, having in its center an enlarged and hypertrophied bronchus filled with a yelloAv puriforra fluid. When cut into, thesj bronchial points protruded or pointed up from the substance of the lung. The red faded aAvay into general tissue from Avhich blood iiowed pretty freely. The right lung Avas crepitant only in the two upper lobes, Avhich Avere, hoAvever, congested and with red carnified (?) tissue around the enlarged bronchial tubes. The lower lobe was more solidified, and its inferior posterior angle and edge had a passive ocdematous (Hasse) mass of a greenish dirty color and whollv exsanguine. ' The tissue appeared almost semi-transparent, so great was the amount of water. The surface of the bronchi Avas intense- ly inflamed. The secretion of the bronchi, examined by the microscope, consisted of vast numbers of granules, a great many fat globules, some of which were twice the diameter of a. blood corpuscle, and of pus and blood cells. In erne portion taken from the cedematous part spoken of, an extremely minute Ncmatoid worm was seen. In warmer weather those would probably have proved gangrenous ( ?>_JThere was a strong, siekisli sweet smell of pus for twelve or fifteen hours before death, that had led me to anticipate a great amount of pus. The anterior edge of the right middle lobe Avas partly effused also adherent Avith deposits Of lymph. £ Liver large. Spleen also, and kidneys. Intestines shoAving no tracs of inflammation, though there had been diarrhoea a day or tAvo befoje death. C. Notes of condition.—Feb. 22nd. Leather creak over right mid- dle; lobe. Dull below. Tongue Avhite, Avith a double median band of soft red. Pulse 120. Diarrhoea from being green, noAv broA\ n and soft. Feb. 2Zd. Creak and blow over middle lobe. Bight subclavian clear on percussion. Distinct mucous rale to be hearel around. Pulse 100. Fqb. 25th. Will sit up from time to time. Strong smell of pus. Mu- cous\rale heard around. Diarrhoea again greenish. TYPHOID PNEUMONIA. Autopsy, from 3-4 to 1(3 hours aftex* death. ---------------♦♦♦--------------- J Autopsy of John Harris, a white soldier, begun 45 min. after death, y and ended 16 hours after death, March 2nd, 1864. "A\ Heavily Luilt, thick necked man, of full habit. B. SECTIO CAD A VERIS. 1. Vessels of vertex and forehead and occiput along median fissure of meninges filled Avith a black coagulum and a black blood of consist- ence of thick molasses or castor oil. Meningeal vessels over temporal 6ide/s held a straAv yelloAv fluid like seium, and traces of very soft fat like yejfloAV clots. The substance of the 1 rain firm and thickly spotted with blo\od vessels. Choroid plexus distended Avith blood, and having minute Avhite points through the middle portion (between Thai. opt. and Corp. Striat.) Comparatively little effusion in ventricles, but the wallsjcovered with distended vessels. The basilar artery had but little blood, and mostly filled Avitli serum. Pons Varolii injected densely and darkj A long yellow-white soft clot was drawn emt backwards from each'opthalmic artery; on the one side gradually lunning into a black coagblum, on the other abruptly ending in black coagulum. 2. When first opened, 45 min. after death, the heart Avas found filling to distension the pericardium. An incision on the anterior face of right ventricle was made, from which the blood spouted out very freely. The finger was entered, and I felt in the entire ventricle, the pulmona- ry artery up to its bifurcation, the auricle, the vera' cava; as far r.s their mouths; no trace of any clot of any kind. Special pains were taken to feel behind the triglochin valves. The Avhole Avas sewed up and left till morning. About 16 hours after, the heart AVas found full of black coagulated blood. A yellow fat-like semi-transparent clot P.. v y extended on the anterior face of the black coagulum, up ihe coulrt 3tfid pulmonary artery. That portion of it wliich Avas cast on the semi- lunar valves of the artery was more decidedly Avhite and firm. Black coagulated blood filled also the auricle, though a thin layer of yellow diaphanous clot lay on it. The left ventricle had a mixed yelloAv and white clot of the same yellow appearance, extending through the mitral -valves and up the aorta, The left lung was almost entirely non-crepitant. A little air ap- peared to be in the anterior edge of the upper lobe, just above the in- terlobular fissure, but it could hardly be said to -crepitate on pressure. There Avas a liitle recent lymph on the anterior face. The external surface of the lung, except at the anterior edge mentioned, was of a mottled purple color, marked out into irregular blocks about 1-4 to 1-8 of an inch in diameter, by dark lines of subserous vessels filled with a clear fluid merel5r, and pitted on pressure iike oedema. Cut into, the substance was wholly oeelematous, a great deal of fluid flowing as Avell as some blood. Portions Avere of a deep rod hepatized appearance, and others looking as if the red hepatized part had been soaked in Avater and become decolorised, and saturated with it- The inferior lobe was if anything, of a deeper red hepatization than the upper, which last had perhaps a greater amount-of oedema. 'The Hud was mostly frothless, and flowed perfectly clear in parts, but was soon mixed with blood which seemed to come from large vessels. The Avails of the minute bronchi, so far as they existed, Avere of a pale violet color inside; the larger primary bronchi had a slight mucous injection. None Avere hy- pertrophicd, nor did their cut ends point.^The right lung had old ad- hesions along the external wall, which Ave/e stretched out, a very little softened by the effusion;^?) large recent deposits of lymph along the internal face, considerable effusion in the pleural cavity, nearly filling it to distension. The surface pitted upon pressure, was of a dark pur* pie color. The superior lobe was completely solid, of a dark redAvhen cut into, and wholly n(^crepitants It Avas so closely united with the middle lobe that tiie interlobular fissure could not be distinguished in a cross section, exce-pt near the anterior edge; and deep in the interlob- ular fissure betAveen it and this loAver lobe, there was also a very inti- mate union. All this tissue Avas of a deep broAvn red color, somewhat softened, but not o'.demat >us. The anterior edge of the middle lobe ap* peared to have some air in it, but avis softened and semi-hepatized also. The loAver lobe Avas more completely hepatized. Its posterior portion was still more softened, and yet neither purulent nor oedema- tons. There were no.puriform deposits in any part of the lungs. The minute bronchi appeared largely obliterated, but Avere not hypertro* phied nor distended. Only the mucous membrane of the primary aai fecondhry bronchi was inflamed and injected, and covered with a san gninolent fluid. There had been pink sputa through the short course* of the disease. The fluid under the secondary bronchi was found, un- der the-microscope, to consist of great quantities of epithelial cells, fat corpuscles,, white blood discs or pus cells,, and very few granules. Irr. this latter respect it contrasted markedly with the last case. (ftVvWO.n.v^ f>. The liver Avas large, of a yellow blotched surface-color, and pales within,, and blood flowed freely after the knife.. The spleen was large, soft, and its dark red brown structure Avas spotted with unusually large white. The kidneys Avere also large. There Avas a large effusion of yelloAv clear fluid into the peritoneal cavity, filling the pelvic cavity above the lateral true ligaments of bladder. C. He was received Saturday Avith Tonsilitis.. Sunday midnight he asked for water; and Monday morning Avas found breathing sterto-. rously, of a blackr livid color, Avith large drops of sweat. Upon being shaken up he seemed to come to, lie continued comatose all day, and 6piited pink sputar being, waked up from time to time. Tuesday he was much better, but looking Avaxy; got out of bed and back, but with a tendency to coma. In the evening he got off his stool, had some sort of convulsion, and died in a little more than thirty-six hours from attack of any serious nature. TYPHOID PNEUMONIA and OLD AGE. Autopsy, 14 hours aftex* death. ------------+4*------------ Autopsy of William Hannibal, a colored soldier, made about fourteen hours after death, March 2nd, 1864. A. An old man ; said to be 74; having straight black hair, a light yellow skin. B. SECTIO CAD A VERIS. 1. The anterior mediastinum Avas infiltrated with yellcw serum and with bubbles of air. The two pleural cavities almost met above the heart. About two or three oz. of effusion in the pericardium. The right ventricle had a yellow fibrin clot of several layers. The left lung, with the exception of its-anterior edge, Avas wholly and closely adherent by old firm tissue, so much so that the softer lung tissue tore aAvay. The free surface was mottled black, as usual in persons of his age. The inferior lobe was of a dull breiwn ree^ wholly softened and solidified, streaked with dirty grey. No trace of crepitation, and though no distinct depots of pus were evident, the fluid that flowed was very closely like that in purulent infiltration. The upper lobe was hepatized behind. The anterior half or tAvo-thirds was deeply.congested, of a grey red color, yielding in substance (i. e., 4i*_-) / 0/ \ not solid) and somewhat crepitant. Neither blood nor fluid floAvei freely on cutting into it. The minute bronchi were somewhat thick- ened in their walls, so as to point when cut across, but rather light than dark violet in color. The right lungAvas also entirely adherent by close and old adhesions. Was solid in substance, non-crepitant, more softened than the left lower lobe, so as to be pushed through rather easily, decidedly more like purulent infiltration, so that the loAver and the posterior portion of the whole lung tore away on removal and re- mained mostly adherent to pleura. In the lower part of the lower lobe was found the only deposit of puriform substance met with, and this was only a depot of size of pea. The substance was neither running with blood nor serum. i. The liver Avas not very large, Avas dark and filled Avith blood. It wa> adherent by firm membranous bands to stomach, transverse colon aii($ to the anterior abdominal wall. The spleen was small. The kidneys were not very large. CHRONIC DIARRHCEA. Autopsy, hoxxx-s after death. .------------<♦♦------------ Autopsy of Oscar F. Daniels, a white soldier, made hours af- ter death, March 3d, 1864. A. Extremely emaciated. B. SECTIO C.1D. 1 VERIS* 1. The lungs almost met in anterior mediastinum. No heart clot; only black coagulum slightly streaked with a very fat like diaphanous superficial white clot in auriclelof right side. Left lung had a few old adhesions, and some fresh ones of recent lymph, on anterior surface of upper lobe. Substance.Avholly crepitant (and vesicular?) Bronchi quite natural, with a little frothy fluid. A few streaks of hepatization in anterior part of upper lobe that hardly reached to the surface. The .right lung lobes were slightly injected, but fully crepitant. (There would have been disease of left upper lobe? Phthisical?) 2. The liver and spleen wore both large, and the mesenteric glands all the Avay to ilio-colic valve. Yet no trace of ulceration was found in the intestines. They Avere in many places thickened and deeply inject- ed, especially at the upper part of the ilia, but Avere very thin nearer the colon. The kidneys were large. The contents of the ilia were yelloAv and of slight odor. PNEUMONIA. Autopsy, 30in. toS4- hours after death. J Autopsy of J. Karl, a colored soldier, begun thirty minutes after f death, and ended twenty-four hours after death, March 4th, 1864. A. Nearly six feet six inches high. Penis also long. Testes of good size. No scars. JS. SECTIO CAD A VERIS. i. When first opened, from twenty to thirty minutes-after death, as the knife went through the co|fal cartilage, deeper than I intended, a slight sighing sound was heard as if the air drew through, and a slight bubbling was heard in his throat, though no patch was on the thorax and this continued some seconds: When the heart Avas opened MtBf but little blood floAved out, and this could readily be stopped by lifting up the edges of the cut. No trace of any deposit Avas felt in any part of ventricle, pulmonary artery, or auricle of right side. When opened the next day only two small black coagula Avere found in pericardium; and these Avere very thin and dull in color. In the right side a perfect cast of the auricle, of the pulmonary artery and its valves, and of the ventricle, and of a bubble of air occupying its anterior part Avas found of simple black coagulum. The left ventricle Avas empty, had a small, yellow fa^ike clot at its apex, and a similar sir.all one in its auricle. The inferior left lobe had a few old adhesions, and Avas rather deeply congested, being semi-solid. The superior left lobe Avas fully crepi- tant and but slightly injected. The surface of both had bubbles of em- physema, like shot, scattered under the serous membrane. The right middle lobe was also crepitant and better than the left lower lobe. The right upper lobe was quite congested though crepitant. The lower lobe was most thoroughly solidified of any, and in its posterior and its low- er parts, the bronchi were dilated, Avere filled with pus, and surrounding substance dense, non crepitant, and of a deep, dark brown red. The liver was rather large, but perhaps not too much so for his . The spleen Avas largo and softened. The kidneys were enor- mously large, and the cortical substance, especially of the right kidney, was! yellow. The mesenteric glands Avere not enlarged, and hardened faces occupied descending colon and rectum. TYPHOID PNEUMONIA. Autopsy, 1£5 hoxxx-s aftex- death. Autopsy of William Baher, a colored soldier, made fifteen hours after death, March 5th, 1864. B. SECTIO CAD A VERIS. 1. Lungs nearly met before heart. Apex of heart in a line with nip- siiV: 1 vA pie. Heart mostly filled with black coagula. • Left upper lobe^'AVitTi^xeeption of anterior edge, afc-» soft, easily crushed eonsistenoe, of a grey dirty col or,"without enlarged or Avell indicated bronchi; a dirty semi-purulent fluid flowing after section from all parts of cut surface. Left lower lobe, Avith exception of anterior edges, of a deep liver color, or aliti.le more red, and solid, Avithout purulent flow or show of any kind, but almost as easily crushed as up- per lobe. The minuter bronchi showed white and somewhat prominent on section of the lower lobe. The excepted portions of left lung were filled with air, but only part of upper lobe was properly crepitant. The surface of loft lung did not pit on pressure, and had some recent lymph effused on anterior and outer surface. Right lower lobe hepa- tized, but not soft as left lower lobe, and partly crepitant. Right up- per lobe very deeply congested, but fuliy crepitant. Right middle lobe fully crepitant, but injected with blood. Some frothy mucous in pri- mary bronchi, but no pus deposits in any bronchi. PHTHISIS PULMONALIS. Autopsy, 3-■■■ y-- ■*'"** , .....''"" 1. Emphysema of subcutaneous cellular tissue over abdomen and of anterior mediastinum. Pericardium held about six oz. of clear fluid, Hlf^ anterior side of auricle through the triglochin valves, along the right fa^ side of ventricle into apex, then up on anterior and left side of infun-^ >.(i dibulum to pulmonary artery. Near, or just before the semilunar t* valve- the blac k coagulum became more or less central to the whitish < it fa J clot and inseparable in any lengthy strip from it. The casts oyer the % - Valves wore white superficially and black within. On the left side the "^ successive layering of soft white clots and streaks of red and black co- Vul-i towards the center was still better shown. The white clots were , "... . 0- "iofc transparent, if anything, and less firm and distinct thai Qnlhe right-side. The ventricle, as usual, had but a littlejay^cr in its apex of diaphanous watery Avhite clot. Left lung piiihed wxiy to-the-leftirt front so4h«*fc ti»e hwrrhiy t*»-i^ t^a&jsboMy adherent, solid, choosey, Avith bronchi elilated into cavities, »u4i, -fcrrt of pus in eA'ciy'dtWCtitrn: --Sorncr-cavkies sis^-of- a- mari.le. The tvvtv. intermediate substance of the lung full of granular cartilaginous like ,iiv.->. points, was pale and without traofeS^c'ropitaOiVW Rightlung rrad-^he^^^ two upper lobes wholly adherent, both pale and full of the granules observed on the left side. The upper end Avas externally semi-diapha- nous as if filled with a\ ater, and dark, but cut into, appeared compara- tively dry and had a number of pus cavities, some of irregular shape and size of walnut. The very anterior edge of middleMobe had a little air in it; the rest of the two upper lobes non-crepitant. {The lower lobe was crepitant, but scattered through it were the same granules alreaely observed, and an occasional small cavity of pus. Two spots were no- ticed ; the one having two or three central pus cavities size of pea, around which the granules Avere numerous and thickened, and the tis- sue of a pale, almost soaked appearance; the other with pimilar central • pus cavities, had the tissue reddened and solidified aroune\it like hepati. zatioh. The Iavo spots were about size of butternut, andNnear the pos- terior part of loAver lobe. Ih-Tl^; liver was pale, but large. The spleen also very large, and of a pirjtk purple color. The kidneys were both large and pale. The pelvic cavity Avas half full of fluid. The bladder Avas nearly empty. The appjgidices epiploicaa wore all very pale and appeared as if soaked. PNEUMONIA. Autopsy, £5 hours aftex* death. , -------__------- W Autopsy of Levi Parker, a colored soldier, made five hours after "death, March 23d, 1864. B. SECTIO CADA VERIS. J. The sagittal and coronal arteries were obliterated. The temporal and occipital bones, however, seemed to bulge outwards 1-4 of an inch from the skull surface. This Avas not found to have any internal cor- responding fossae. There was some effusion under the membranes which Avere very firmly adherent at apex of skull to each other by rough lymph deposits. The substance of the brain Avas hardened, but not congested; the ventricles distended; the choroid plexus of a faint red colof; the medulla and corda-spinalis Avere hardened, and their mem- branes were quite adherent. 2. The pericardium held some four oz. of fluid. The heart Was greatly distended, especially on the right side, but flabby. The !ri- jl^.k °fr^ Jtam &t**AJPu>z - a{i* ^t (Vn-vvwr- 0 ✓ \ glochin valves were found wholly covered on their free edges with warty growtlis, some an inch or more in length. A soft semi-diapha- nous f'i-'ike clot was found hi the right side. At the bifurcation of the left pulmonary artery a smoothed lump of the size of a filbert, and of the same consistence as the Avarty growths, was found. The left lung A\as crepitant. The lower lobe had a tract on its anterior and outer surface of red hepatization standing inwards toAvard root of lung; the rest of the lung Avas of a soft texture, injected with blood and spotted with black points, like the lungs of an old person. The right lung was wholly adherent, very much flattened against the ribs; its upper end had enlarged bronchi filled with pus. The rest of the lung Avas of a d'ep red injected appearance, with the exception of the anterior edge of middle lobe, Avhich was filled Avith air and a little more natural. 8. Left kidney had the supra renal capsule at its inferior end. ALCOHOLLSMUS ACUTUS with PNEUMONIA. Autopsy, €5 hours alter death. 1/ Autopsy of William Trant, a white soldier, made six hours after 'death, April 9th, 1864. —At Numerous purple hypostatic marks on lower side of body; a few on upper side, which cut across shoAved no blood. Hands purple as also end of penis and prepuce. Most of this purple marking was said to have existed when he was still alive. There was a faint green- ish patch on the left breast, an inch or two below the clavicle and just inside the deltoid line, about 2 1-2 inches across. That cut into showed fluid blood effused into the subcutaneous cellular tissue. The body was still warm and without rigor. B. SECTIO CAD A VERIS. 1. The scalp Avas quite free from calvarium and had rather more fluid blood than usual when cut into. Arachnoid and pia mater inject- ed fully, the finer vessels appearing of a bright red (as seen by candle light), and the larger one blue. Some effusion at vertex, giving a pearly appearance between the gyri. The dura mater separated very readily from the other membranes in removing the skull cap. The su- perficial grey substance of brain seemed softer tli an u.sr.al, but the white •substance seemed hard. Corpus striatum of a yellowish grey color tine."! with r d. Choroid plexus fully injected, ancTrather rosy in hue. Pineal gland of shape and size of a-cherry, Avith smooth dark colored well, and feeling as though filled with fluid. The Avhite fibres from the surface of the optic thalamus running backward and downward to commissure under pineal gland were very finely marked off on their anterior and inferior concave edge. (Those from the superior pedun- (Aes or habence of the conarium.) The right processus arciformis rormed an elevated border around the inferior end of the olivary body elf that side. The opposite had no special indication of it. *4T. An ounce or two of effusion in pericardium. Anterior or superior surface of right auricle had old lymph deposits forming white irregular patches that could not be removed by scraping. A soft semi-transpar- ent clot filled right side of heart. The bronchi of left side had some frothy red mucus . The whole left lung was crepitant and free from adhesions, but with considerable hy- postasis. There were deep red spots of size of plum in middle of left lower lobe, simulating pneumonia, but air could be squeezed from: and through them. Right lung wholly adherent to diaphragm and outer anterior and minor walls of chest at lower half. These adhesions seemed firm enough to be old ones, and yet were easily torn through, apparently by a great infiltration of water,, giving it a semi-diaphanous gelatinous appearance. The lower lobe was (hepatized ?) solid, soft, saturated with water, and of a dirty grey red color. Its posterior part seemed purulent, but no distinct deposits of pus observed. It was in no degree crepitant. The right superior lobe was also solid, but not quite so soft, and of a brighter hue. The middle lobe had its posterior root part also solid, the anterior edge and a part of the surface being' slightly crepitant though adherent to pleura. The cellular tissue of anterior mediastinum opposite this lobe was slightly emphysematous. p. The liver was dark, large and full of blood; adherent by firm membranous bands to anterior abdominal wall and to diaphragm. The stdmach and gall bladder were distended. The right kidney appeared a little lighter in color than the left; otherwise both Avere normal. The spleen was quite large and soft, and internally of a rich purple blue. C. The man was brought in as suffering with delirium tremens,. just able to walk, about 10 A. M., was treated with whiskey and lauda- num, and put to bed. where he died in an hour or two. -He said the whiskey tasted good, and was conscious, but had dirted in his clothes- Was said to have been on a spree for a Aveek. jbficrometric.—Muscular fibres from the lower part of M. rectus ab_ dejmiuis, which was of a dark red color, showed the transverse striatum well, and long narrow nuclei, when treated Avith acid. The fibres were easily isolated and their widths observed as below, the same evening. Muscular fibres from the anterior musculus papillaris of left ventricle,. showed wide oblong nuclei, but were not easily isolated. lA. rectus abdominis 2-2 1-2 1000 in.—4-5 2000 in. M. papillanis 1 1000 in. •\j PNEUMONIA with DELIRIUM. y Autopsy, hours after death. Autopsy of John Walker, a colored soldier, made *■■■■ solid, indurated, each separate lobe showing both on section and at surface, some of a deep red, others grey, all more or less saturated Avith Avater. The rest of this upper lobe Avas injected, but not so fully as the lower lobe. The right loivcr lobe was solid, (i. e., Avholly non- crepitant,) soft, saturated ivith Avater, and very free from blood on section. It was of a reddish grey color, with very ft av points of pus from bronchi. From one of the vessels, arteries, near root of ihis lobe, was dnuvn out a long, hard Avhite clot with numerous rcugh fungus like groAvths as have been found on valves of heart. The upper lobe Avas bronchially crepitant, was saturatoel with water Avhich flowed freely, and the posterior portion was of a uniform red chalk color (like the broivn red of Etruscan potter}-.) The {interior partAvas also cellulariy crepitant, more distinctly injected, and of a variegated red grey. Th ; middle lobe was wholly crepitant, except at root, Avhere it was also of a chalk red color, and saturated with water. The right lung lad n cent lymph adhesions on inferior outer and posterior sides of lowest lobe. The left lung had no adhesions. ■--&. The aUlomen..seemed tumefied, the navel being sunk deeply; but y? ;r seemed on section to bo only the sub-cutaneous fatty tissue which was tumefied over middle portion of rectus^ Liver Avas large, soft and pale, and-destitute of blood. The left lobe baA-ing a finely variegated yellow color, something like cirrhosis. The spleen was some nine inches long and four or.five inches Aviele, and internally-soft, almost to |iultaee(.usness. A-small round spleen of size of plum, behind this. was wholly pultaceous. The kidneys Avere natural, but soft„ especial- ly the left one, which tore freely. shoAving finely the tubes and tufts. wwr 5«»v-' F3L