' n 3NUI0JW jo a a v a a 11 ivnoiivn iNOiaiw jo Aavaen ivnoiivn a n i 3 i a a w NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONA NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONA * /\^ : W\ f ys^w | v^^ I y\ )f; 1 \?\:f* : F\/ i \>*. 1 ^V *'"lBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF I /VIW\ I /Vi OlIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF M foaVu&q^ m j o Aavaan ivnoiivn a n i 3 i a a w jo Aavaan ivnoiivn a n i d i o 3 w jo Aavaan \ " r^w i isp > 11> nw / 1 W I ^ • X /*-3» ° .LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY O V ME THE AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. THE AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY: BASED UPON THE UNITED STATES AND BRITISH PHARMACOPOEIAS. INCLUDING ALSO NUMEROUS STANDARD FORMULA, DERIVED FROM AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN AUTHORITIES. TOGETHER WITH THE MEDICAL PROPERTIES AND USES OF MEDICINES ; POISONS, THEIR ANTIDOTES, TESTS ; ETC. DESIGNED FOR THE MEDICAL AND PH AEM ACEUTIC AL STUDENT. BY JOHN J. EElfeE, M.D., mm LECTURER ON MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS IN THE PHILADELPHIA MEDICAL INSTITUTE, FELLOW OF THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS, ETC. i\T'h PHILADELPHIA: LINDSAY AND BLAKISTON. 1850. QM Hi2lcL \2S0 Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1850, By Lindsay & Blakiston, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. PHILADELPHIA! C. SHERMAN, PRINTER. PREFACE. The author of the present volume is aware that several excellent works of a somewhat similar character have already issued from the medical press; and he deems it but just to them, as well as to himself, to disclaim anything like an invidious comparison in appropriating to his book the title which it bears. The term American may, he thinks, with- out impropriety, be assigned to it, since throughout the work, in the description of the various medicinal substances and pharmaceutical preparations, the precedence has uni- formly been given to those recognised by our own national pharmacopoeia. With a very few unimportant exceptions, every article that has a place in the pharmacopoeia of the United States and in those of Great Britain has been here described, and its medical properties and uses, as received by standard authori- ties, noticed to the extent allowed by the limits of the work. The design was not to write a treatise on Materia Medica and Therapeutics, but simply to prepare a correct Formulary of all the officinal articles, and also of the most valuable of the numerous published prescriptions both of hospitals and pri- vate practice,—the authority, in nearly every case, being at the same time given. X PREFACE. The reader is requested to observe that when any parti- cular preparation is described as recognised by the medical authorities of the United States as well as by those of Europe, the process adopted by the former is the one always given, except in a very few cases, which are properly noted. It seemed unnecessary to occupy space in detailing all the other processes, inasmuch as they were either only slight modifications of the one mentioned, or else were inferior to it. Besides, they are all to be found in the more extensive treatises on Materia Medica and Pharmacy, accessible to the student. In the general arrangement of the work, the alphabetical order has been followed, for two reasons: it made it more easy of reference, and it avoided the necessity of a classifica- tion of the medicines, which must always be more or less arbitrary, and which might very properly be dispensed with in a manual like the present. It might also be observed, that the alphabetical order has rendered a general index un- necessary. In the Appendix, several articles have been introduced, which could not with the same propriety have been brought into the body of the work,—such as a list of some of the more common and useful dietetic preparations ; a brief description of poisons, with reference to their treatment, antidotes, and tests; a table of the most celebrated natural mineral waters of the United States and Europe; a table of the doses of the most important medicines, &c,—all which, it is hoped, may prove acceptable to the reader, and perhaps enhance, in his estimation, the value of the work. In the execution of his task, the author has bestowed considerable labour in accurately comparing every article in the Formulary with the original, either directly or in- directly. For this purpose he has consulted numerous PREFACE. XI works bearing upon the subject, among which are the follow- ing:—The Pharmacopoeia of the United States of America, The United States Dispensatory, Ellis's Medical Formulary, Beasley's Pocket Formulary, Dr. Neligans Medicines, Dunglison's New Remedies, Pereira's Materia Medica, Mayne's Dispensatory, Dr. A. T. Thomson's Conspectus, Orfila's " Traite des Poisons," Bell on Baths and Mine- ral Waters, together with the various Dispensatories and Pharmacopoeias of Great Britain, the Codex, Pharmacopee Franqaise, Alibert's Nouveaux Flemens de Matiere Medi- cale, Soubeiran's Nouveau Traite de Pharmacie, thtorique et pratique, Bouchardat's Annuaire de Therapeutique, and several works on Chemistry. He is especially indebted to Mr. Beasley's Pocket Formulary for many of the hospital and private formulae, which are often of great value. In conclusion, it is hoped that the work may prove not altogether useless to the profession—more especially to the student of medicine and pharmacy. Philadelphia, March, 1850. REFERENCES. U. S. United States Pharmacopoeia. L. London Pharmacopoeia. E. Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia. D. Dublin Pharmacopoeia. P. The Paris Codex, or French Pharmacopoeia. Prus. Ph., Bat. Ph., Span. Ph., &c. The Prussian, Batavian, Spanish, &c, Pharmacopoeias. H. Hospital Formularies, as Cruy's R., Guy's Hospital, St. B. H., St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Fr. H., French Hos- pitals, &c. Med. Prop. Medical Properties. The individual names attached to the Formulae are those of the authors to whom they are commonly attributed, or from whose works they have been taken. For an explanation of the Signs and Abbreviations used in the Formulary, see Appendix. [Note. In the description of those preparations to which the letters U. S. are prefixed, it will be understood that the process of the United States Pharmacopoeia is the one in- tended, and consequently that the Liquid Measure employed is the old " Wine Measure," and not the " Imperial Standard Measure " of the London and Edinburgh Colleges.] AMEEICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Absinthium. U. S., L., E. [Artemisia Absinthium, D.~] Worm- wood. The tops and leaves of Artemisia Absinthium. Med. Prop. Tonic, and reputed anthelmintic and discutient. Use. In debility of the digestive organs, &c. Acacia. U. S., L. [G-ummi Acaciae, E.; Acacia Arabica, et A. vera, Z>.] Gum Arabic. The concrete juice of Acacia vera, and other species of Acacia. Med. Prop. Demulcent; also nutritious. Uses. In inflammation of the gastric, intestinal, pulmonary, and vesical mucous membranes; as an article of diet in fevers; also, in pharmacy, for making pills, troches, and mixtures. Acetosella. L. Wood-sorrel. The herbaceous portion of Oxalis Acetosella. Med. Prop. Refrigerant and antiscorbutic. Use. As a drink in fevers, and as an antiscorbutic. Aceta. U. S. [Acetica, L., E., D.~\ Medicated Vinegars. In- fusions or solutions of medicinal substances in vinegar or acetic acid. Ordinary vinegar requires to be purified by distillation before being used as a solvent. A small quantity of alcohol or concentrated acetic acid, is generally added to contribute to their preservation. 2 14 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Acetone. See Naphtha. Acetum. U S., L. [Acetum Gallicum ([French Vinegar), Ace- tum Britannicum (British Vinegar), E.; Acetum Vini, Z>.] Vinegar. Procured from various liquors by the acetous fermen- tation;—in the United States, from cider; in Britain, from an infusion of malt; in France, from wine. It is an impure dilute acetic acid. Med. Prop. Refrigerant and diuretic. Use. As a drink, diluted, in fevers; also externally, as a lotion. Acetum Aromaticum. P. Aromatic Spirit of Vinegar. Strong acetic acid Oj, camphor §ij, oil of lavender gr. ix, oil of cloves 5ss, oil of cinnamon gr. xx. Mix together. Acetum Cantharides. (Epispasticum.) L., E. Cantharides in powder ^ij, acetic acid f^xx; macerate 8 days and strain. E. directs cantharides in powder ^iij, acetic acid fgv, pyro- ligneous acid f§xv, euphorbium gss; macerate 7 days. Use. To promote prompt vesication. Acetum Colchici. U. S., L., E., D. Vinegar of Colchicum. Dried colchicum root, bruised, §ij, distilled vinegar (or dilute acetic acid) Oij, alcohol f^j. Macerate the root with the vinegar in a close glass vessel for 7 days, then express the liquor, let the dregs subside, pour off the clear liquor, and add the alcohol. L., E., and D., direct fresh colchicum §j, distilled vinegar f^xvj; macerate for 3 days, and add f^j of proof spirit to the clear liquid. Med. Prop. Diuretic. See Colchicum. Use. In dropsy; in gout, rheumatism, and neuralgia. Acetum Destillatum. U S., L., E., D. Distilled Vinegar. From Cong, j of vinegar in a glass retort, distil Ovij, by the heat of a sand-bath. D. rejects the first 10th. E. and D. direct French vinegar. Med. Prop. The same as those of common vinegar. Use. Chiefly in pharmacy, in making vinegars and oxymels. ACETUM Opii. U. S., E., D. Vinegar of Opium. Black Drop. Digest opium, in coarse powder, ^viij, nutmeg p. gjss, saffron AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 15 gss, with Ojss of distilled vinegar on a sand-bath, with a gentle heat, for 48 hours, and strain. Digest the residue with an equal quantity of distilled vinegar in the same manner for 24 hours. Then put the whole into a displacement apparatus, and return the filtered liquor, as it passes, until it comes away quite clear. Pour distilled vinegar gradually upon the materials re- maining in the instrument until the whole quantity of filtered liquor equals 3 pints. Lastly, add ^xij sugar, and by means of a water-bath, evaporate to 3 pints and 4 fluid ounces.—E. and D. direct opium, sliced, ^iv, distilled vinegar f^xvj ; triturate the opium with a little of the vinegar, add the rest; macerate 7 days; strain, press, and filter. Med. Prop. Narcotic. Use. As laudanum; but usually agrees better with the patient. Dose, 13 drops, about equal to gr. j opium. Acetum Scillje. U S., L., E., D. Vinegar of Squills. Macerate bruised squill §iv, withOij distilled vinegar in a close glass vessel, for 7 days; express, and to the clear liquor add f^j alcohol. L. directs, dried squill gxv, distilled vinegar Ovj ; digest with a gentle heat 24 hours, strain, and add Oss proof spirit.—E. and D., nearly the same. Med. Prop. Diuretic and expectorant. Use. In dropsy, and pulmonary affections. Acidum Aceticum. U. S., L., E., D. Acetic Acid. Put Ibss of sulphuric acid into a glass retort, and gradually add Ibj of acetate of soda, in powder; then, by means of a sand-bath, distil with a moderate heat into a glass receiver, till the residuum be- comes dry. Mix the resulting liquid with Jj of red oxide of lead, and again distil, with a moderate heat, to dryness. The sp. gr. of this acid is 1-06.—L. directs Ibij acetate of soda, and §ix sulphuric acid, previously mixed with ^ix water, to be dis- tilled together in a glass retort, by the heat of a sand-bath. Sp. gr. 1-048.—E. directs gvj of acetate of lead, dried at 320°, to be distilled with f5ixss of sulphuric acid, in a glass matrass, at 320°; the product to be agitated with a little red oxide of lead, 16 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. and again distilled. Sp. gr. 1-063 to 1065.—D. directs it to be distilled from 52 parts of sulphuric acid, and 100 of acetate of potassa. Sp. gr. 1-074.— U.S. contains 50 per cent, of water; L., 63 per cent. Med. Prop. Stimulant, rubefacient, and vesicant. Use. In syncope and headache, applied to the nostrils. Exter- nally, to warts and corns. Acidum Aceticum Dilutum. U. S. Mix Oss of acetic acid, with Ov of distilled water. It is intended as a substitute for distilled vinegar. It contains 4-54 per cent, of pure acid. 15 parts of strong acid, and 85 of distilled water, mixed together, form an acid equivalent to the distilled vinegar of L. Acidum Aceticum Aromaticum. [Apothecaries' Hall, L.~\ Dis- solve the oils of cloves, lavender, rosemary, and calamus in highly concentrated acetic acid. Use. As a very pungent perfume, in syncope, &c. Acidum Aceticum Camphoratum. E., D. Camphor, pulverized with spirit, gss, strong acetic acid f^vjss. D., fjvj. Use. The same as the preceding. Acidum Arseniosum. U S., L. [Arsenicum Album, E.; Ar- senici Oxydum Album, D.~\ Arsenious Acid. White Oxide of Arsenic. Med. Prep. Internally, alterative and antiperiodic; externally, escharotic Use. In intermittent diseases; chronic skin diseases, particularly of a scaly character; chronic rheumatism, especially of a syphi- litic character; nodes, and hemicrania. Externally, to cancers, lupus, and malignant ulcers. Caution is necessary to avoid absorption. Acidum Benzoicum. U. S., L., E., D. Benzoic Acid. Flowers of Benzoin. Benzoin, in coarse powder, intimately mixed with an equal weight of fine sand, is to be sublimed in a suitable vessel until vapours cease to rise. Press the sublimed acid be- tween bibulous paper, to remove the oil, and again sublime. Med. Prop. Stimulant, and perhaps expectorant. Asserted by AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 17 Dr. Ure to convert the uric acid, when in excess, into hippuric acid. Use. In the phosphatic form of gravel; also in gout, and rheu- matism, combined with carbonate of potassa. Acidum Citricum. U S., L., E., D. Citric Acid. Saturate lemon-juice with prepared chalk, wash the precipitated citrate of lime repeatedly, and decompose with a slight excess of dilute sulphuric acid; strain, and carefully concentrate by boiling, and then crystallize. Med. Prop. Refrigerant and antiscorbutic. Use. As a substitute for lemon-juice. Acidum Hydrocyanicum. U S., E. [Acidum Hydrocyanicum Dilutum, L.; Acidum Prussicum, D.~\ Hydrocyanic Acid. Prussic Acid. Sulphuric acid ^jss, water f^iv; mix, and when cool, put them into a tubulated retort, and add ferrocyanuret of potassium gij, dissolved in f^x water. Pour f^viij of distilled water into the cooled receiver, and having attached this to the retort, distil f^vj with a gentle heat. Lastly, add to this pro- duct f^v erf distilled water, or q. s. that 12-7 grs. of nitrate of silver, dissolved in water, may be accurately saturated by 100 grs. of the acid, indicating 2 per cent, of real acid.—E. directs ferrocyanide of potassium ^iij, sulphuric acid f^ij, water f^xvj; dissolve the salt in fgxj of water, add the acid mixed with f^v of water, and distil f^xiv; add distilled water to the product, to make up the measure exactly of f^xvj.—D. directs bicyanide of mercury gj, muriatic acid f3vij, water f§viij; distil from a glass retort into a cooled receiver, f^viij. It may also conve- niently be prepared, extemporaneously, by adding together 50$ grains of cyanuret of silver, muriatic acid 41 grains, and dis- tilled water f^j; the mixture is to be shaken in a stopped vial; decant the clear liquid when the sediment has subsided. The acid should be kept in a cool, dark place. Med. Prop. Sedative and antispasmodic; powerfully poisonous. Use. In spasmodic coughs, asthma, hooping-cough, hypertrophy 2* 18 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. of the heart, neuralgia of stomach and bowels; locally, in skin diseases, to allay the itching. Acidum Hydrosulphuricum Aqua Solutum. P. Pass a cur- rent of sulphuretted hydrogen (procured by acting on sulphuret of iron by dilute sulphuric acid), through cold distilled water, till it ceases to be absorbed. Med. Prop, and Use. This is an artificial sulphurous water, and may be used in chronic rheumatism, chronic cutaneous diseases, &c, Acidum Lacticum. Lactic Acid. To Ovj of milk, add gviij bicarbonate of soda; expose it to the air for some days, till it becomes sour, and saturate it with more soda. Repeat this as often as it becomes acid. Boil, filter, and evaporate to the con- sistence of syrup, and digest with alcohol. Filter the solution, and add sulphuric acid as long as it occasions a precipitate. Again filter, and concentrate the clear solution by evaporation, till its density is 1-215. Use. Not employed in medicine in the uncombined state. Acidum Muriaticum. U. S., E., D. [Acidum Hydrochloricum, L.~] Muriatic Acid. Aqueous solution of chlorohydric acid gas, of the sp. gr. 116; (1-17, El) • Med. Prop. Tonic and antiseptic. Use. In low forms of fever; also as a gargle in malignant sore throat. Acidum Muriaticum Dilutum. U. S., E., D. [Acidum Hy- drochloricum Dilutum, L.~] Dilute Muriatic Acid. Muriatic acid fgiv, distilled water f^xij; mix them in a glass vessel. Med. Prop, and Use. Same as the preceding. Acidum Nitricum. U. S., L., E., D. Nitric Acid, of sp. gr. 1-5; (1-4:9, D.) Med. Prop. Tonic and antiseptic. Use. In low forms of fever (to be largely diluted); in chronic syphilis and hepatitis; externally, to ulcers; also for fumigation. Acidum Nitricum Dilutum. U. S., L., E., D. Nitric acid ffj, distilled water fgix; mix in a glass vessel. Med. Prop, and Use. Same as the preceding. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 19 Acidum Nitrosum. Nitrous Acid. The red fuming nitric acid (nitric acid containing nitrous acid gas) is so termed. Med. Prop, and Use. Same as those of nitric acid. Acidum Nitro-Muriaticum. U S., D. Nitro-Muriatic Acid. Nitric acid f^j, muriatic acid fgij; mix, and keep in a dark and cool place, in a well-stopped bottle. Med. Prop. Tonic, with a tendency to the liver. Use. In chronic hepatitis and syphilis, both internally and as a bath. Acidum Pyroligneum. E. Pyroligneous Acid. An impure acetic acid, procured by the destructive distillation of wood. Sp. gr. 1-034. Med. Prop. Antiseptic. Use. As an application to ill-conditioned ulcers; also as a pre- servative for meats. Acidum Succinicum. D. Succinic Acid. Mix amber with its weight of sand, and distil. Press the crystals between bibulous paper, and re-sublime. Use. Not employed in medicirie. Acidum Sulphuricum. U S., L., E., D. Sutyhuric Acid, of sp. gr. 1-845, U S. and L.; 1-840, E.; 1-850, D. Use. Not employed in medicine. See the following. Acidum Sulphuricum Aromaticum. U S., E., D. Elixir of Vitriol. Sulphuric acid f^iijss, ginger, bruised, gj, cinnamon, bruised, ^jss, alcohol Oij. Digest the alcohol and acid together for three days; then add the ginger and cinnamon, and mace- rate for a week; lastly, filter through paper.—E. and D. very similar. Med. Prop. Astringent, tonic, and refrigerant. Use. In low fevers, in convalescence, in colliquative sweats, hemorrhages, diarrhoeas, &c. Acidum Sulphuricum Dilutum. U. S., L., E., D. Sul- phuric acid fgj, distilled water fgxiij. Add them gradually together in a glass vessel, and mix. Med. Prop, and Use. Same as the preceding. 20 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Acidum Tannicum. U. S. Tannic Acid. Tannin. Cause commercial sulphuric ether to percolate through powdered galls, in a glass adopter, closed at the lower end with carded cotton. The liquor obtained separates into two parts; pour off the upper layer, and evaporate the lower portion, with a moderate heat, to dryness. Dose, 2 to 5 grains. Med. Prop. Purely astringent. Use. In chronic dysentery and diarrhoea, and in passive hemor- rhages ; externally, to check hemorrhages. Acidum Tartaricum. U. S., L., E., D. Tartaric Acid. Saturate the excess of acid in bitartrate of potassa (cream of tartar), with carbonate of lime; decompose the resulting tar- trate of lime by sulphuric acid; then decompose the remaining neutral tartrate of potassa by chloride of calcium in excess; finally, decompose the resulting tartrate of lime by sulphuric acid, as at first; then strain and crystallize by evaporation. Med. Prop. Refrigerant, antiseptic, and antiscorbutic. Use. As a drink, in fevers and inflammatory affections. Also for making the Soda and Seidlitz Powders. Aconitina. L. Aconitia, Aconitine. The active alkaline prin- ciple of Aconite. Very apt to be spurious as found in the markets. Morson's Aconitia is of certain strength. (An ener- getic poison ; used only externally, in neuralgia.) Aconitum. U. S., E. [Aconiti Folia et Radix, L.; Aconitum paniculatum. Folia, Z>.] Aconite. Leaves and root of Aconi- tum napellus, and of A. paniculatum. Med. Prop. Sedative narcotic. Use. In neuralgia, especially as an external application. Adeps. US.,L. [Axungia, E.; Adeps Suillus Preparatus, D.~] Lard. The prepared fat of the Sus Scrofa, or common hog, free from salt. Med. Prop. Emollient. Use. In the formation of cerates, ointments, &c iETHER Nitrous. D. [iEther Nitricus.] Nitrous Ether. Hypomtrous Ether. Nitric Ether. D. directs it to be made AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 21 by the reaction between nitrate of potassa, sulphuric acid, and alcohol. An improved process by Dr. Hare is here subjoined : Dissolve 14 parts of hyponitrate of potassa (obtained by heating the nitrate) in 7 parts of water, and mix with 8 parts of alco- hol, in a retort, the head of which is tapering, and bent down- wards, so as to pass through the tube and enter a tall vial. Both tube and vial are kept cold by ice; 7 parts of sulphuric acid, diluted with its weight of water, are gradually added, and distillation effected by means of a water-bath of 100°. r Sp. gr., 0947. (Diluted with alcohol, it forms Sweet Spirits of Nitre.) Med. Prop, and Use. The same as those of Sulphuric Ether. iETHER Sulphuricus. U. S., L., E., D. Sulphuric Ether. Ether. Pour gradually f^xiv sulphuric acid into Oij alcohol, in an open vessel. Put the mixture into a glass retort, heat quickly to boiling, in sand; let the liquor distil into a refrige- rated receiver until half a pint has passed over; then add alco- hol Oij, previously mixed with sulphuric acid f^ij, conveyed through a tube reaching nearly to the bottom of the retort. Continue the distillation until about 3 pints have passed over. Add this to Jvj potassa, previously dissolved in f^iij distilled water, and shake frequently; at the end of 24 hours pour off the supernatant liquid, and redistil it with a gentle heat, until two pints shall have passed over, or until it has ac- quired the sp. gr. of 0-750. (U. SI) Med. Prop. A diffusible stimulant, narcotic, and antispasmodic; externally, refrigerant or rubefacient, according as it is allowed to evaporate or not. Use. In prostrate conditions of system, gout of the stomach, hysteria, asthma, and other spasmodic diseases; externally, in headache. Alcohol. U. S. [Spiritus Rectificatus, L., E., D.~] Alcohol. Rectified Spirits. Spirits of Wine. Procured by distillation from different varieties of ardent spirits. U. S. directs it to be of sp. gr. 0-835; (contains 15 per cent, of water.) Med. Prop. Stimulant both internally and externally; also narcotic. 22 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Use. Not used internally; in pharmacy, to prepare certain tinc- tures, &c. Alcohol Dilutum. U. S. [Spiritus Tenuior, L., E., D.~\ Diluted Alcohol. Proof Spirit. Mix together equal measures of alcohol and distilled water. Sp. gr. 0-935. (U. S.) It con- tains 42 per cent, of absolute alcohol.—L. directs the sp. gr. to be 0-920, equivalent to 49 per cent, of pure alcohol. E. directs sp. gr. 0-912, equivalent to 52 per cent. D. orders sp. gr. 0-919, or rather more than 49 per cent. Med. Prop. Similar to the preceding. Use. In pharmacy, to prepare most vegetable tinctures (except those of resins). Allium. U S., L., E. Garlic. The bulb of Allium sativum. Med. Prop. Stimulant, antispasmodic, emmenagogue, diuretic, diaphoretic, and expectorant; externally, rubefacient. Use. In enfeebled digestion, flatulence, chronic pectoral affec- tions, and hooping-cough; externally, to the feet of children, as a revulsive. Allium Cepa. D. Onion. Med. Prop, and Use. Much the same as the preceding. Aloe. U S., L. [Aloe Barbadensis. A. Indica. A. Socoto- rina, E.; A. Hepatica. A. Socotorina, D.~\ Aloes. Inspis- sated juice of the leaves of Aloe spicata, and other species of Aloe. Med. Prop. Cathartic, emmenagogue, and anthelmintic. Use.. In constipation, usually combined with other cathartics; in amenorrhoea; and for ascarides, in enema. Althaea. U. S. [A. radix et folia, L., E.; A. officinalis. Z>.] Marsh-mallow. Root of the Althaea officinalis. Med. Prop. Emollient, and demulcent. Use. In pulmonary and intestinal affections; externally, as a gargle. Alumen. U S., L., E., D. Alum. Sulphate of alumina and potassa. Med. Prop. Astringent, and in large doses, purgative and emetic. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 23 Uses. In passive hemorrhages, chronic diarrhoea, &c, and hoop- ing-cough; externally, as an injection. Alumen Exsiccatum. ' U. S., L., E., D. Dried Alum. Melt alum in an earthen or iron vessel over the fire, till it become dry, and reduce to powder. Med. Prop. A mild escharotic. Use. On fungous granulations. Ammonite Bicarbonas, D. Pass carbonic acid gas through any quantity of water of carbonate of ammonia, until saturated; then let it rest to form crystals, which are to be dried without heat.—Dose, gr. v. to xx. Med. Prop, and Use. Same as those of the carbonate. Ammonite Carbonas. U S., E., D. [Ammonias Sesquicarbo- nas, L.~\ Carbonate of Ammonia. (Volatile Salts. Volatile Alkali.) Mix Ibj. of powdered muriate of ammonia with ibjss of prepared chalk, and sublime with a gradually increasing heat. Med. Prop. Stimulant, antacid, diaphoretic, and antispasmodic. Use. In low forms of disease, atonic dyspepsia, gout, and chro- nic rheumatism. Ammonia Murias. U S., E., D. [Ammoniae Hydrochloras, L.~\ Muriate of Ammonia. Sal Ammoniac. Chloride of Ammonium. The commercial sal ammoniac should be purified by crystallization, for internal use.—Dose, gr. v. to xxx. Med. Prop. Purgative in large doses, alterative, and resolvent. Use. In hemicrania, chronic enlargements, &c.; externally, as a lotion to indurations. Ammonite Hydrosulphuretum. D. Pass Sulphuretted hy- drogen gas (made by acting on sulphuret of iron with dilute sulphuric acid), through water of ammonia. A sedative poison. —Dose, 4 to 8 drops. Ammonije Phosphas. Saturate dilute phosphoric acid with car- bonate of ammonia, and evaporate so that crystals may form. —Dose, grs. x to xx. Med. Prop. Excitant, diaphoretic, and discutient. 24 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Use. Reputed useful in rheumatism, gout, and uric acid calculus. Ammoniacum. U. S., L., E. [Ammoniacum Grummi, D.~] Am- moniac. The concrete juice of Dorema Ammoniacum. Med. Prop. Stimulant, expectorant, emmenagogue, and deob- struent. Use. In chronic pulmonary disorders, chronic amenorrhoea; and externally, as a discutient plaster in tumours of the joints, &c. Amygdala Amara. U S., L., E. [Amygdalae Amarae, Z>.] Bitter Almonds. The kernels of the fruit of Amygdalus com- munis.—Var. Amara. Med. Prop. Sedative. Use. In pectoral affections, attended with cough. Amygdala Dulcis. U S., L., E. [Amygdalae Dulces, Dl\ Sweet Almonds. The kernels of the fruit of Amygdalus com- munis.—Var. Didcis. Med. Prop. Demulcent, nutritious. Use. Chiefly in emulsion, as a vehicle for other medicines; ex- ternally, as a lotion. Amygdalina. Amygdalin. The peculiar azotized principle found in the bitter almond, peach kernel, &c, which, by reacting with emulsin and water, generates hydrocyanic acid and oil of bitter almonds. It may be thus used medicinally as a substitute for prussic acid.—Prepared, by boiling well-pressed cake of bitter almonds, twice, in strong alcohol; strain through linen, and press the residue. Remove any oil that may appear; heat the liquid again, and filter. In a few days part of the amygdalin crys- tallizes. Concentrate the residual liquor to a sixth part, and add ether, which will precipitate the amygdalin. Press it between blotting paper, wash it with ether, re-dissolve in boiling alcohol, and set aside to crystallize. [A mixture composed of gr. xvij of amygdalin, with fgjss of the emulsion of sweet almonds, contains one grain of absolute hydrocyanic acid. (Liebig and Wolher.) The dose of this would be f£j, to commence with.] Amygdalus Persica. [Folia, D.~] Peach Leaves. Leaves of Amygdalus Persica. Med. Prop. Laxative and sedative, AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 25 Amylum. U. S., L., E. Starch. The fecula of the seeds of Triticum vulgare. Med. Prop. Demulcent and nutritious. Use. Chiefly in decoction, as a vehicle for injections. Anethum. L., E. Dill Seeds. Fruit of Anethum graveolens. Med. Prop, and Use. Aromatic. Angelica. U. S. (Sec.) The root and herb of Angelica atro- purpurea. Med. Prop, and Use. Similar to those of the following. Angelica. E. [Angelica Archangelica. Semina, D.~\ Root and seeds of Angelica Archangelica. Med. Prop. Aromatic, tonic. Seldom employed. Angustura. U. S., D. [Cusparia, L., E.J Angustura Bark. Bark of G-alipea officinalis. Med. Prop. Stimulant, tonic, febrifuge. Use. In intermittents and remittents, bilious diarrhoeas, and dysentery. Not much employed. Anisum. U. S., L., E., D. Anise. Fruit of the Pimpinella Anisum. Med. Prop. Aromatic. Use. Chiefly for imparting flavour; also as a carminative. Anthemis. U. S., L., E. [Chamaemelum. Anthemis Nobilis, D.~\ Chamomile. Flowers of the Anthemis nobilis. Med. Prop. Tonic; the warm infusion, emetic. Use. In dyspepsia, and in convalescence; also to promote the operation of emetics. Anthracokali. (Dr. Poyla.) Carb. potassae gvj, lime ^iijss, water Oiv. Proceed as in making liquor potassae, and concen- trate the clear solution by boiling in an iron vessel, till an oily- looking liquid remains. Then stir in §v of finely-powdered mineral coal; remove from the fire, and continue stirring till the whole is reduced to a uniform powder, which is to be imme- diately put into small dry bottles.—Dose, gr. ij, twice or thrice a day, for skin diseases, scrofula, chronic rheumatism, &c. 3 26 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Antimonii et Potass^ Tartras. U. S. [Antimonii Potassio- tartras, L.; Antimonium Tartarizatum, E.; Antimonii et Po- tassae Tartras, sive Tartarum Emeticum, D.~\ Tartar Emetic. Tartarized Antimony. Mix together, in a glass vessel, ^xxv of muriatic acid, and 5ij of nitric acid; to this add gradually ^iv of finely powdered sulphuret of antimony; digest with a mode- rate heat, till effervescence ceases, and then boil for an hour; filter when cold, and pour into water. Wash the precipitated oxychloride, and then dry it. Boil together .5 ij of this powder, gijss of powdered cream of tartar, and f^xviij of distilled water; filter while hot, and crystallize by cooling.—L. employs the crocus of antimony (oxysulphuret). Med. Prop. In full dose, emetic; in smaller doses, refrigerant, diaphoretic, and expectorant. Use. In fevers not of a low form, and in pectoral affections; large doses have been recommended in pneumonia and acute rheu- matism ; as an alterative, in chronic cutaneous diseases; and as an emetic. Antimonii Oxidum. E. Sesquioxide of Antimony. [Anti- monii Oxidum Nitro-muriaticum, D.~\ Oxychloride of Antimony. Powder of Algaroth. Proceed as in the first part of process for tartar emetic. Use. In pharmacy, in the preparation of tartar emetic. Antimonii Sulphuretum. U. S., E., D. [Antimonii Sesqui- sulphuretum, LI} Native Sulphuret of Antimony, purified by fusion. Use. Not employed in medicine. Antimonii Sulphuretum Pr^cipitatum. U S. [Antimonii Oxysulphuretum, L.; Antimonii Sulphuretum Aureum, E.; Sul- phur Antimoniatum Fuscum, D.~\ Mix g vj of powdered sulphuret of antimony with Oiv of solution of potassa, and Oxij of distilled water, and boil over a gentle fire for three hours, constantly stirring, and occasionally adding distilled water. Strain the liquor immediately through a linen cloth, and add to it, while hot, diluted sulphuric acid, so long as it produces a precipitate; AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 27 then wash away the sulphate of potassa with hot water, and dry the residue with a gentle heat. (If the solution be allowed to cool slowly before adding the acid, Kermes mineral is deposited; and if the acid be now added, it throws down the Golden Sulplmr of Antimony.) The P. and other foreign pharmacopoeias direct carbonate of soda instead of potassa, which is said to yield a finer kermes. Med. Prop. Alterative; emetic and cathartic in larger doses. Use. Chiefly as an alterative, in chronic skin diseases. Apocynum Cannabinum. U S. (Sec.) Indian Hemp. Med. Prop. Emeto-cathartic and diuretic; sometimes narcotic. Use. In obstinate dropsies. Apocynum Andros^emifolium. U. S. (Sec.) Dogsbane. Med. Prop. Emetic; not much used. Aqua. U S., E. Water. Natural water in its purest attain- able state. [Spring water, E.~] Aqua Destillata. U. S., L., E., D. Take of water ten gal- lons ; first distil two pints, and throw them away; next distil eight gallons. Keep in glass bottles. Use. In pharmacy, where purity is required. Aquje Distillate. L., E., D. Simple Distilled Waters. The plants, &c, (fresh, if possible,) are put into the still with twice as much water as is intended to be drawn off.—L. directs fgvij of proof spirit, and E., f^iij of rectified spirit, to be added in the still for each gallon of product; but its utility is very questionable. The L. and E. Colleges also allow the process of U. S. See Aquae Meelicatse. Aquje Medicate. U. S. Preparations consisting of water im- pregnated with some medicinal substance. Most of the aroma- tic waters are prepared, according to U S., by saturating the volatile oils with carbonate of magnesia; then adding the water, and filter. Med. Prop. Aromatic. Use. Chiefly as vehicles; also as carminatives. Aqua Acidi Carbonici. U. S. Carbonic Acid Wetter. Water 28 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. charged by pressure, with 5 times its volume of carbonic acid gas. Med. Prop. Anti-emetic, diaphoretic, and diuretic. Use. In irritable stomach; also, as a vehicle for certain medi- cines. Aqua ^Etherea. [Eau Etheree, P.] Mix 1 part of ether with 8 of water; agitate frequently in a bottle with a ground stop- per ; let it rest 24 hours; separate the supernatant ether, and keep the water for use. Med. Prop. Slightly stimulant, and carminative. Aqua Anethi. L., E. Dill Water. Bruised dill seeds Ibjss, proof spirit f^vij, (rect. spt. f^iij, E.,) water Cong, ij; distil Cong. j. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Aquae Medicatae. Aqua Anisi. P. As Aqua Anethi. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Aquae Medicatae. Aqua Aromatica. Prus. Phar. Sage §viij, rosemary giv, pepper- mint giv, lavender flowers §iv, fennel seeds ^ij, cinnamon gij, rectified spirit Ibiv, water Ibxx; macerate for 24 hours, and draw off Ibxij. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of the aromatics generally. Aqua Binelli. An Italian styptic nostrum, supposed to contain creasote. Aqua Calcis. E., D. See Liquor Calcis. Aqua Camphore. U S. [Mistura Camphorae, L., E., D.] Camphor Water. Rub 3ij of camphor with ejjxI of alcohol, then with 5j of carbonate of magnesia, and lastly, with Oij of distilled water, gradually added. Filter through paper.—It contains about gr. iij to the f^. Med. Prop. Those of camphor in small doses. Use. In low forms of fever, to quiet restlessness, and to allay uterine pains. Aqua Carui. L., D. Careiway Water. From Caraway seeds, or the oil, as Aqua Anethi. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Aquae Medicatae. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 29 Aqua Caryophylli. P. Cloves Ibij, water q. s.; macerate for 12 hours, and distil Ibviij. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Aquae Medicatae. Aqua Cascarille. P. Cascarilla bark Ibij, water q. s.; distil Cong. j. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Cascarilla. Aqua Cassle. E. Cassia bark Ibjss, rectified spirit f^iij, water Cong, ij, distil Cong, j, [Guy's H. substitutes §xv of Cassia buds.] Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Aquae Medicatae. Aqua Chalybeata Aerata. (Soubeiran.) Water, freed from air, Oj, sulphate of iron gr. ss; charge with 5 vols, of carbonic acid gas. Or, sulphate of iron gr. j, carbonate of soda gr. iv, water freed from air and charged with 5 volumes of gas, Oj. [Bewley's Aqua Chalybeata is a solution of citrate of iron in aerated water, flavoured with orange peel.] Med. Prop, and Use. A mild chalybeate; intended as a substitute for natural chalybeate spring water. Aqua Chlorini. D. [Chlorinei Aqua, E.~\ Chlorine Water. Pass chlorine gas through cold water till it ceases to be ab- sorbed.—E. forms the solution in the liquid way. Med. Prop. Stimulant and antiseptic. Use. In malignant scarlatina ; also externally, to the throat. Aqua Cinnamomi. U. S., L., E., D. Cinnamon Water. Tri- turate f5ss of oil of cinnamon with ^ss of carbonate of magne- sia, then with Oij of distilled water, gradually added; filter through paper. The British Colleges direct as Aquae Distillatae. Med. Prop, and Use. As those of Cinnamon. Aqua Coloniensis. Eau de Cologne. P. Oil of bergamot giij, oil of lemon ^iij, oil of rosemary ^jss, oil of neroli ^jss, oil of lavender §jss, oil of cinnamon Jvj, rectified spirit Oxxiv, com- pound spirit of balm Oiij, spirit of rosemary Oij; mix, and after 8 days distil Oxxiv. Use. A very agreeable perfume. 3* 30 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Aqua Creasoti. Creasote gj, distilled water |x; shake to- gether, and filter. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Creasote. Aqua Cupri Sulphatis Camphorata. Bates's Camphorated Lotion. Sulphate of copper gr. xv, bole gr. xv, powdered cam- phor gr. iv, boiling water f^iv; when cold, filter. [As a col- ly rium, this requires dilution.] Aqua Florum Aurantii. L. [Aurantii Aqua, E.~\ Orange Flower Water. Orange flowers Ibx, proof spirit j^vij, water Cong, ij; distil Cong. j. Use. As a perfume. Aqua Fcsniculi. U S., L., E., D. From oil of fennel, as Aqua Cinnamomi. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Aquae Medicatae. Aqua Goulardi. See Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis. Aqua Hydrocyanica Vegetabilis. (Schrader.) Essential oil of bitter almonds 5J> rectified spirit 3jss, distilled water §xvj; mix well, and filter through wet filtering paper. [Intended as a substitute for Aqua Lauro-cerasi.] Aqua Lauro-cerasi. E., D. Cherry-Laurel Water. Fresh leaves of cherry laurel chopped small Ibj, water Oijss; distil Oj; agitate the distilled liquor well, filter it through wet paper, and add compound spirit of lavender gj. [It contains an uncertain amount of prussic acid. Dose, tjjjxxx to f5j.] Med. Prop, and Use. Similar to those of Hydrocyanic Acid. Aqua Lavandula. P. Flowering tops of lavender Ibij, water q. s.; distil by steam Ibiv. [The simple and perfumed Spirit of Lavender are also named Lavender Water. See Spiritus Lavan- dulae.] Aqua Marina Factitia. Artificial Sea Water. To Cong, iv of water, add the following salts in crystals : chloride of sodium |xvj, sulphate of soda gvij, chloride of calcium gjss, chloride of magnesium gvj, iodide of potassium 3j, bromide of potassium AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 31 gr. x.—A simple substitute, used as a bath, is Sbj of common salt to Ibxxx of water. Aqua Menthe Piperita. U. S., L., E., D. Peppermint Water. From oil of peppermint, as directed for Aqua Cinnamomi. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Aquae Medicatae. Aqua Menthe Pulegii. L., D. Pennyroyal Water. As directed for Aquae Distillatae. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Aquae Medicatae. Aqua Menthe Viridis. U. S., L., E., D. Spearmint Water. From oil of spearmint, as Aqua Cinnamomi. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Aquae Medicatae. Aqua Opii. (G-uibourt.) Opium, in small pieces, Ibj, water Ibvj. Macerate for 48 hours, and distil Ibj. Some authorities direct Ibiij to be distilled.—Dose, 3ij> or more. Med. Prop. Narcotic. Use. As a mild opiate. Aqua Phagedenica. See Lotio Hydrargyri Flava. Aqua Picis Liquids. D. Tar Water. Mix a quart of tar with a gallon of cold water; stir together for a quarter of an hour, and filter. Keep in a close vessel.—Dose, one to two pints, daily. Med. Prop. Stimulant and diuretic. Use. Chiefly in chronic pectoral affections. Aqua Pimente. L., E., D. Bruised pimento Ibj (or 3ij of the oil), proof spirit f^vij, water Cong. ij. Distil Cong. j. Aqua Regia. See Acidum Nitro-Muriaticum. Aqua Rose. U. S., L., E., D. Pose Water. Fresh hundred- leaved rose petals Ibx, water Cong, ij (proof spirit f^vij, LI); distil Cong. j. Use. A pleasant vehicle for collyria, &c. Aqua Sal vie. P. Sage Water. As Aqua Lavandulae. Aqua Sambuci. L., E. Elder Water. From fresh elder-flowers, as Aqua Rosae. 32 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Aqua Sapphirina. Liquor Cupri Ammoniati. Aqua Sassafras. P. Sliced sassafras Ibiij, water q. s. Distil Cong. j. Aqua Sedlitzensis. P. Crys. sulphate of magnesia 3ij, water Oj ; dissolve, and charge the solution with 3 volumes of carbonic acid gas. Use. As a gentle laxative. Aqua Selterana. P. Selters or Seltzer Water. Chloride of sodium 9j, crys. carbonate of soda gr. xv, crys. phosphate of soda gr. iss, water §x. Dissolve also chloride of calcium gr. v, and chloride of magnesium gr. iv, in §x of water. Mix the solutions, and aerate with five volumes of carbonic acid gas. Med. Prop. Those of the natural Seltzer water. Aqua Tanaceti. P. Flowering tops of tansy Ibvj, water q. s.; distil Cong. ij. AquaVanille. (Niemann.) Vanilla ibj, water Ibxij. Mace- rate 24 hours, and distil Ibvj. Use. For imparting flavour. Aqua Vulnerana. From the same herbs as Spiritus Vulnerarius, but with water only. Aralia Nudicaulis. U. S. (Sec.) False Sarsapa.rilla. Med. Prop. Grently stimulant, diaphoretic, and alterative. Use. As the genuine sarsaparilla, in chronic rheumatism, &c. Aralia Spinosa. U S. (Sec.) Angelica-tree Bark. Med. Prop. A stimulant, diaphoretic, emetic, and cathartic. Use. In rheumatism, and colic. Argenti Ammonio-Chloridum. (Serre.) Saturate boiling aqua ammoniae with freshly precipitated and carefully washed chloride of silver; filter whilst boiling hot, and let the crystals, which form on cooling, be dried between blotting paper, and imme- diately put into well-stopped bottles.—Dose, from JLth of a grain, in syphilitic affections. Argenti Chloridum. Precipitate a solution of nitrate of silver by an excess of chloride of sodium; wash the precipitate with AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 33 distilled water; dry it quickly, and keep from the light.—Dose, i gr. to gr. iij. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of the nitrate. Argenti Cyanuretum. U. S. [Argenti Cyanidum, L.~\ Dis- solve 3xv °f nitrate of silver in Oj of distilled water; add Oj of dilute hydrocyanic acid; wash and dry the precipitate. Used in the extemporaneous preparation of Dilute Hydrocyanic Acid. Argenti Iodidum. (Dr. Patterson.) Dissolve separately in distilled water, equal weights of iodide of potassium and nitrate of silver; mix the solutions, wash the precipitate with distilled water, and dry with a gentle heat.—Dose, J to 2 grs. Use. Similar to that of nitrate of silver; particularly in hooping- cough. Argenti Nitras. U. S., L., E. [Argenti Nitras Fusum, D.] Lunar Caustic. Dissolve §j of silver in a mixture of f3v of nitric acid and f^ij of distilled water, on a sand-bath. Evaporate the solution to dryness, fuse, and pour into suitable moulds. [The crystals may be procured by concentrating the solution, so that they may form on cooling.]—Dose, gr. }th to gr. iij. Med. Prop. Tonic, antispasmodic; externally, stimulant and es- charotic. Use. In chorea and epilepsy; chronic disorders of the stomach and bowels; also as an astringent lotion and injection. Argenti Oxidum. (Mr. Lane.) To a solution of 3iv of nitrate of silver, add a solution of 3*j hydrate of potassa; wash the precipitate well, and dry it in the shade with a moderate heat. —Dose, gr. ss to gr. j, two and three times a day. Use. In gastralgia, &c. Armoracia. U. S., L., E. Horseradish. The fresh root of Cochlearia Armoracia. Med. Prop. Stimulant, and externally rubefacient. Use. In enfeebled dropsy. Arnica. U. S. (Sec.) Leopard's Bane. The root and herb of Arnica montana. 34 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Med. Prop. Stimulant, narcotic, diaphoretic, diuretic, and emmena- gogue. Use. In amaurosis, paralysis, &c. Arum. U. S. (Sec.) Dragon-root. Indian turnip. The cor- mus of Arum triphyllum. Med. Prop. When fresh, very acrid and stimulating; increases the secretions. Use. In asthma, pertussis, chronic rheumatism, &c. AsARUM. U. S. (Sec.) Canada Snake-root. Wild, Ginger. The root of Asarum Canadense. Med. Prop. An aromatic stimulant tonic; used as a substitute for Serpentaria. Asclepias TuBEROSA. U. S. (Sec.) Pleurisy-root. The root of Asclepias tuberosa. Med. Prop. Diaphoretic, and expectorant. Use. In pectoral affections, rheumatism, and dysentery. Assafc3tida. U S., L., E., D. The concrete juice of the root of Ferula Assafoetida. Med. Prop. Antispasmodic, expectorant, and emmenagogue. Use. In hysteria, convulsions, hooping-cough, chronic coughs, &c. Aurantii Cortex. U S. Orange Peel. The outer rind of the fruit of Citrus vulgaris, or C. Aurantium. Med. Prop. Aromatic. Use. In flavouring unpleasant infusions and decoctions. Auri Pulvis. P. Triturate gold-leaf with 10 or 12 times its weight of sulphate of potassa, and wash out the latter with boiling water.—Dose, gr. ith to gr. j; or, applied in frictions to the tongue. Use. In chronic syphilitic affections. Auri[Ter]-Chloridum. P. Dissolve gold in 3 parts of nitro- muriatic acid; evaporate till vapours of chlorine begin to appear, and set aside to crystallize.—Dose, 2\jth to Tagth of a grain. Med. Prop. Very similar to those of corrosive sublimate. Use. In syphilis. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 35 Auro-Chloridum Sodii. P. Soda-Muriate of Gold. Dissolve 85 parts chloride of gold, and 16 chloride of sodium in a little water; concentrate by evaporation, that crystals may form as it cools.—Dose, as. the last. Both require to be cautiously ad- ministered. Use. As the last. Auri Iodidum. P. To a solution of chloride of gold, add a solution of iodide of potassium, as long as it occasions a pre- cipitate. Wash with alcohol, and dry by a gentle heat.—Dose, Jgth to T\;th of a grain. Use. As the preceding. Auri Oxidum. P. Teroxide of Gold, or Auric Acid. To a solution of 1 part chloride of gold in 40 of distilled water, add 4 parts of fresh calcined magnesia. Boil together, and wash the sediment with distilled water, then with pure nitric acid, diluted with 20 parts of water. Dry it in the shade.—Dose, •Jgth to \' grain. Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding. Avene Farina. U S. [Avena, L., E.; Avena Sativa, D.~\ Oat meed. Meal prepared from the seeds of Avena sativa. Med. Prop. Nutritive, emollient. Use. As a diet for the sick. Azedarach. U S. (Sec.) The bark of the root of Melia Aze- darach. Med. Prop. Anthelmintic, cathartic, and emetic, Use. Chiefly to expel worms. Balnee Medicate. Baths of cold or heated water, vapour, and heated air are used medicinally. The following are the tempe- ratures at which they are usually applied:—Water, cold, 50° to 75° F.; temperate, 75° to 85°; tepid, 85° to 92°; warm, 92° to 98°; hot, 98° to 112°. Vapour, if breathed, tepid, 90° to 100°; warm, 100 to 110°; hot, 110 to 130° : if not breathed, tepid, 96° to 106°; warm, 106° to 120°; hot, 120° to 160°. Hot air, as a sudorific, 85° to 100°; as a stimulant, 100° to 36 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 130°. Water (usually warm), vapour-, and heated air are often medicated by being charged with the active principles of different herbs and other drugs. There are various contrivances for ap- plying them either generally or locally. Dr. Serres suggests the following simple plan of applying hot vapour:—A lump of quick lime, wrapped in a wet cloth, and covered with a dry one, is placed on each side of the patient in bed, and allowed to re- main until perspiration is established. Balneum Acidum. Dr. Scott's Nitro-Muriatic Bath. Proper proportions for sponging, or a foot-bath, f^ij to a gallon of water, at 90°; for a general bath, f^j to the gallon. Wooden vessels only should be used. Med. Prop. Stimulant to the liver. Use. In hepatitis and syphilis. Balneum Furfuris. Bran Bath. Boil Ibiv of bran in Cong, j of water, and add it to the bath, which should be at 90°. Med. Prop. Emollient. Use. Chiefly in cutaneous eruptions. Balneum Sulphurosum. Sulphur Bath. The fumes of burn- ing sulphur (^ss at a time), are used in the cure of itch, &c. The patient should avoid breathing the fumes. Balneum Sulphuratum. Fr. H. Liver of sulphur (Sulphuret of Potassium) gjss to ^iv, warm water Cong, xxv to 1; a small quantity of sulphuric or muriatic acid may be added. Med. Prop. Those of the natural sulphur waters. Use. In chronic rheumatism, and chronic skin diseases. Barii Chloridum. U S., L. [Barytae Murias, E., D.~\ Dis- solve Ibj of carbonate of baryta in f% xij of muriatic acid, diluted with Oiij of water; apply gentle heat; filter and evaporate to form crystals. Med. Prop. Deobstruent and alterative. Use. Chiefly in scrofula, chronic ophthalmia, and diseases of the skin. Barii Iodidum. (Magendie.) Heat a fresh solution of iodide of iron with excess of carbonate of baryta; filter, and evaporate to AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 37 dryness. Re-dissolve and crystallize. (The Bromide is made in a similar manner.) Med. Prop. Alterative. Use. In scrofula, morbid growths, hypertrophy, chronic skin dis- eases, &c. Baryte Carbonas. U. S., L., E. Occurs native. May be made artificially by precipitating the nitrate or muriate, by a carbonated alkali. Use. Not employed in medicine. In pharmacy, for making the chloride. Baryte Nitras. Dissolve the carbonate in nitric acid, and evaporate to dryness; re-dissolve, and crystallize. Belladonna. ' U S., L., E., D. Deadly Nightshade. The leaves of Atropa Belladonna. Med. Prop. Narcotic, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, and diuretic. Use. In neuralgia, hooping-cough, epilepsy, mania, amaurosis, &c. Benzoinum. U S., L., E. [Styrax Benzoin, D.~] Gum Benzoin. The concrete juice of Styrax Benzoin. Med. Prop. Stimulant, and expectorant. Use. Chiefly for obtaining its acid. Bismuthi Subnitras. U. S., D. [Bismuthi Trisnitras, L.; Bis- muthum Album, E.~\ Subnitrate, or White Oxide of Bismuth. Magistery of Bismuth. Dissolve §j of pure bismuth in f^jss of nitric acid, diluted with fgj of water. Pour the clear solution into Oiij of distilled water; collect the precipitate; wash it with distilled water, and dry by a gentle heat.—Dose, 5 to 15 grs., in pyrosis and gastrodynia. Brominum. U. S. (Sec.) Procured from the bittern of sea- water, or certain brine springs, by first passing chlorine through it, and then agitating it with ether. Next, add the etherial solution of bromine to a concentrated solution of caustic potassa; finally, decompose the bromide of potassium by sulphuric acid and the peroxide of manganese. Med. Prop, and Use. Very similar to those of Iodine, 4 38 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. CALAMUS. U. S. (Sec.) Sweet Flag. The rhizoma of Acorus calamus. Med. Prop. Stimulant, and aromatic. Use. As a carminative, in colic, &c. Calcii Chloridum. U. S., L. [Calcis Murias, E., D.~\ Pre- pared by saturating muriatic acid with chalk or marble, evapo- rating, and drying at a red heat. Med. Prop, and Use. See Liquor Calcii Chloridi. Calcis Carbonas Precipitatum. D. To 5 parts of solution of muriate of lime, add a solution of 3 parts of carbonate of soda in 4 parts of distilled water. Wash, collect, and dry the precipitate. Med. Prop, and Use. As those of Creta Praeparata.—When pro- perly made, it is a very pure carbonate of lime, in a finely divided state. Calcis Hydras. L. Slaked Lime. Fresh lime sprinkled with water till it falls into powder. Use. To form chlorinated lime, or bleaching powder. Calcis Murias. See Calcii Chloridum. Calcis Phosphas Precipitatum. D. Digest 1 part of cal- cined and powdered bones, with 2 of dilute muriatic acid and 2 of water, for 12 hours, and filter the liquor; then add q. s. of aqua ammoniae; wash and dry the precipitate. Dose, 3ss, in rickets, &c. An excellent basis for tooth-powders. Calcis Sulphuretum. P. Sulphur gx, slaked lime gxxx, water Oijss; boil together till a portion dropped on a cold sur- face becomes solid; pour it on a marble slab, and, when solidi- fied, break it up, and keep in well-closed vessels. Calx. U. S., L., E., D. Lime. Quick Lime. Lime re- cently prepared by calcining the carbonate. Med. Prop. Externally, escharotic. Use. See Liquor Calcis. Calx CHLORINATA. U. S., L., E. Chloride of Lime. Bleach- ing Powder. (Hypochlorite of Lime.) Pass chlorine gas into a vessel, or chamber in which slaked lime is thinly spread, till the latter is thoroughly saturated. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 39 Med. Prop, and Use. Those of a disinfectant. Employed also for bleaching. Calomelas. See Hydrargyri Chloridum Mite. Calomelas Precipitatum. D. Precipitate a clear solution of nitrate of mercury with a solution of chloride of sodium. Wash the precipitate with distilled water, as long as the washings are affected by liquor potassae, and dry it. Med. Prop, and Use. Similar to those of Hydrargyri Chloridum Mite. Calumba. L. See Colomba. Camphora. U. S., L., E., D. Camphor. The concrete sub- stance derived, by heat, from Laurus Camphora, and purified by sublimation. [Sumatra, or Borneo Camphor is derived from the Dryobalanops Camphora, in which it exists in concrete masses.] Med. Prop. Narcotic, sedative, diaphoretic; externally, anodyne. Use. In low forms of fever, in rheumatism, after-pains, &c. Canella. U S., L., E. [Canella Alba, Z>.] The bark of Canella alba. Med. Prop. Stimulant, tonic, and aromatic. Use. Chiefly as an ingredient in hiera picra. Canna. E. Canna Starch. (Tous les mois.) Fecula of a species of Canna. Med. Prop, and Use. Similar to those of arrow-root (Maranta). Cantharis. U S., L., E. [C. Vesicatoria, D.~\ Spanish Flies. Med. Prop. Stimulant, diuretic, and emmenagogue ; externally, escharotic. Use. In passive dropsies, and chronic amenorrhoea of an enfeebled character; also in the form of cerate, for blisters. Cantharis Vittata. U. S. Potato Flies. Med. Prop, and Use. The same as the preceding.—There are several other species possessing similar properties. Cantharidina. P. Cantharidin. Exhaust powder of can- 40 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. tharides with strong alcohol by percolation; distil off the spirit from the filtered tincture, and leave the residue to deposit crystals, which may be purified by dissolving them in boiling alcohol, digesting with animal charcoal, filtering the hot solu- tion, and crystallizing by cooling. This is the active princi- ple of cantharides. Capsicum. U S., L. [Capsicum Annuum, D.~] Cayenne Pep. per. The fruit of Capsicum annuum. Carbo ■ Animalis. U S., L., E. Animal Charcoal. Bone- black. Ivory-black. Obtained by burning bones (or flesh, LI), in close vessels. Use. As a decolorizing agent in making pharmaceutical prepara- tions. Carbo Animalis Purificatus. U. S., L., E. Hydrochloric acid and water, each, f^xij, mix, and pour it gradually on Ibj of bone-black; digest for two days with a gentle heat, stirring fre- quently. Set aside, pour off the liquor, wash the charcoal fre- quently, until entirely free from acid, and then dry it. Use. The same as the preceding. Carbo Ligni. U. S., L., E., D. Charcoal. Prepared by burning wood in close vessels. Med. Prop. Antiseptic, and absorbent. Use. In dyspepsia, attended with foetid eructations, in constipa- tions, nausea of pregnancy, and as a poultice to gangrenous and foetid ulcers. Carbonis Bisulphuretum. Sulphuret, or Bisulphuret of Car- bon. Heat iron pyrites with one-fifth its weight of dry char- coal, in a stone retort, furnished with a glass tube dipping in water. Separate the sulphuret which collects at the bottom of the water, and carefully re-distil it from chloride of calcium. Or pass the vapour of sulphur over charcoal, heated to redness, in a porcelain tube.—Dose, as a sudorific in rheumatism, 2 or 3 drops, gradually increased. Use. Externally, in liniment, for rheumatic pains. It is also AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 41 dropped (40 or 50 drops) on the part, to promote the reduction of strangulated hernia. (Krimer.) Carbonis Ter-Chloridum. What is sold as Terchloride of Carbon appears to be an alcoholic solution of chloroform. Cardamomum. U. S., L., E. [Amomum Cardamomum, 2).] Cardamom Seeds. The fruit of Alpinea Cardamomum. Med. Prop. Aromatic. Use. As a stomachic, and carminative; chiefly as an adjuvant. Carota. U. S. (Sec.) Wild Carrot Seed. [Dauci Radix, L., E. Garden Carrot Foot.'] Products of the Daucus Carota. Med. Prop. Diuretic, and slightly excitant. Use. In dropsy; the fresh root grated, as a poultice in foul ulcers. Carrageen. See Chondrus. Carum. U. S. [Carui, L., E.; Carum Carui, D.~] Caraway Seeds. The fruit of Carum Carui. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of the aromatic seeds generally. Caryophyllus. U. S., L., E., D. Cloves. The unexpanded flowers of Caryophyllus aromaticus. Med. Prop, and Use. Stimulant, aromatic, and carminative;— in nausea, &c. Cascarilla. U S., L., E., D. Cascarilla. The bark of Cro- ton Eleutheria. (C. Cascarilla, D.) Med. Prop. Stimulant tonic. Use. Chiefly as an adjuvant to other bitter tonics, as cin- chona, &c. Cassia Fistula. U S. [Pulpa, L., E., Z>.] The fruit of the Cassia Fistula. Med. Prop. Laxative. Use. Chiefly in combination with other laxatives. Cassia Marilandica. U S. American Senna. The leaves of Cassia Marilandica. Med. Prop, and Use. The same as those of Senna. 4* 42 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Castoreum. U. S., L., E., D. A peculiar concrete substance obtained from the preputial follicles of Castor fiber or beaver. Med. Prop. Stimulant, and antispasmodic. Use. In hysteria, amenorrhcea, and typhoid diseases. Cataplasma Simplex. D. Simple Poultice. Oatmeal, 2 parts, flaxseed meal, 1 part, mixed with boiling water, q. s.—The simple flaxseed poultice, made by mixing the ground flaxseed with boiling water, and the common bread-and-milk poultice, made by heating together fresh milk and the crumb of bread, are equally good emollient cataplasms. Fresh lard or olive oil incorporated with the poultice, preserves its softness. To be used warm. Med. Prop, and Use. Emollient; to relieve local inflammations; and to hasten suppuration. Cataplasma Aceti. Vinegar Poultice. Oatmeal, or bread crumb, with vinegar. ^s'e. Applied cold, for sprains, &c. Cataplasma Aluminis. Alum Poultice. Alum 5J> whites of two eggs. Agitate together till a coagulum is formed. The Alum Curd is commonly made by rubbing up the whites of eggs briskly with a lump of alum. Med. Prop. Astringent. Use. Applied, between fine linen, to inflamed eyes, and also to chilblains. Cataplasma Anodynum. P. Poppy-heads gj, dried henbane ^ij, water §xxiv. Boil, strain, and add to the liquor q. s. of emollient meals (see Farinae Emollientes) to form a poultice. Or, simple poultice §xvj, wine of opium 3j. Med. Prop. Anodyne, and emollient. Use. To relieve local pains. Cataplasma Carbonis Ligni. D. Charcoal Poultice. Char- coal powder incorporated with q. s. of simple poultice. Use. An excellent application to foul and gangrenous ulcers. Cataplasmi Conii. L.,D. Hemlock Poultice. Extract of hem- lock ^ij, water Oj, ground flaxseed q. s.—D. directs a decoction AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 43 of 3j dried hemlock leaves in Ojss water, boiled down to Oj, to be thickened with the powdered leaves. Med. Prop. Anodyne. Use. In painful ulcers; recommended in cancerous sores. Cataplasma Dauci. D. Carrot Poultice. Carrots boiled till soft, and bruised. (Simply emollient.) The fresh root grated forms a slightly stimulating poultice. Use. In flabby and foul ulcers. Cataplasma Digitalis. L. (Mr. Allard.) A strong decoc- tion of foxglove leaves, with bread crumb or flaxseed meal. Cataplasma Discutiens. E. H. Barley-meal gvj, fresh hem- lock ^ij, vinegar q. s. Boil, and add sal-ammoniac ^ss.—F. H., the same, with addition of acetate of lead 3ij- Med. Prop. Discutient. Use. To chronic swellings, and indolent tumours. Cataplasma Effervescens. Fresh wort thickened with oat- meal, and a spoonful of yeast added. Med. Prop, and Use. The same as the following. Cataplasma Fermenti. L. [Cataplasma Cerevisiae, D.~\ Yeast Cataplasm. Flour Ibj, yeast Oss. Mix, and apply a gentle heat till it begins to rise. Med. Prop. Slightly stimulant, and antiseptic. Use. To foul and flabby ulcers. Cataplasma Humuli. Hop Poidtice. Hops softened with hot water. Med. Prop, and Use. Anodyne and emollient; to relieve local pains, as in rheumatism, &c. Cataplasma Lini. L. Flaxseed Poultice. See Cataplasma Simplex. Cataplasma Panis. See Cataplasma Simplex. Cataplasma Plumbi (yel Goulardi). Goulard water Oj, bread crumb q. s. Mix together. Med. Prep. Sedative, and astringent. Use. In sprains, local inflammations, bruises, &c. 44 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Cataplasma Sinapis. L., D. Mustard Poultice, Sinapism. Ground flaxseed and flour of black mustard, of each, Ibss, hot vinegar q. s. [Warm water is superior to vinegar.] Med. Prop. Rubefacient and vesicant.- Use. To arouse the system when in a depressed state; to produce revulsion to the surface, and to allay spasm. Cataplasma Stimulans. (Dr. Hugh Smith.) Rye flour Ibj, old yeast ^iv, common salt ^ij. Use. As a local stimulant to ill-conditioned ulcers. Cataplasma Tonicum. Germ. H. Powdered Peruvian bark §j, charcoal gj, camphor 3jss, oil of turpentine q. s. Prop. Stimulant, and antiseptic. Cataplasma Ulmi. Slippery Elm Poultice. The powdered bark of Ulmus fulva mixed with boiling water. Med. Prop, and Use. Emollient;—in inflammations of the skin. Cataria. U. S. (Sec.) Catnep. The leaves of Nepeta Cataria. Med. Prop, and Use. Tonic and excitant;—in amenorrhoea, chlorosis, hysteria, and infantile colic. Catechu. U S., L., E., D. The extract of the wood of Acacia Catechu. Med. Prop. A pure astringent. Use. In chronic diarrhoea, and dysentery; locally, for spongy gums, elongation of the uvula, and epistaxis. Causticum Antimoniale. See Antimonii Chloridum. Causticum Aureum. (Recamier.) Chloride of gold gr. v, nitro-muriatic acid ^j ; dissolve. Causticum Zinci. .(Dr. Cauquoin's Caustics, Nos. 1, 2, and 3.) Mix one part chloride of zinc with two, three, and four parts of wheat flour, and water q. s. to form a paste. Form it into cakes or wafers of a line to four lines in thickness, according to circumstances. Used in lupus, naevi, cancers, &c.; to remain on the part for 24 hours, then to be gently removed, and the part covered with a poultice. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 45 Centaurium. L., E., D. European Centaury. The flowering tops of Erythroea Centaurium. Med. Prop. Tonic. Use. In dyspepsia, and the apyrexia of fevers. Cera Alba. Cera Flava. U. S., L., E., D. White and Yellow Wax. Use. Chiefly in pharmacy, for making cerates and plasters. Cerevisie Fermentum. L., D. Yeast. Med. Prop. Stimulant, and antiseptic. Use. Chiefly to form the yeast poultice. Cetaceum. U S., L., E., D. Spermaceti. A peculiar concrete substance obtained from the Physeter macrocephalus, or sper- maceti whale. Med. Prop. Demulcent. Use. In pharmacy, to form cerates and ointments. Cetraria. U. S., L., E. [Lichen Islandicus, D."] Iceland Moss. Med. Prop. Demulcent, tonic, and nutritious. Use. In chronic catarrhs, chronic dysentery, and in convalescence. Ceratum Calamine. L. See Ceratum Zinci Carbonatis. Ceratum Calomelanos. Calomel 3J> spermaceti cerate 3iv. Use. In cutaneous diseases. Ceratum Camphoratum. Pommade du frlre Cosme. Olive oil 5xvj, yellow wax ^viij; melt together, and add camphor 3J; stir till it begins to thicken. Med. Prop. Anodyne, and emollient. Ceratum Cantharidis. U. S. [Emplastrum Cantharidis, L., E., D.~\ Emplastrum Epispasticum. Blistering Plaster. Melt together yellow wax, resin, and lard, each, sviij; add Ibj finely powdered cantharides; stir constantly till cool. Med. Prop. Vesicant. Use. For spreading blisters. Ceratum Cantharidis. L. See Unguentum Cantharidis. CeratumCetacei. U. S., L. [CeratumSimplex, E.; Unguentum 46 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Cetacei, D.~\ Spermaceti §j, white wax giij ; melt together; then add olive oil f§vj, previously heated, and stir the mixture till cool. Med. Prop. Emollient, and cooling. Use. To abraded surfaces, and to blisters. Ceratum Cinnabaris. Alibert's Anti-hcrpetic Cerate. Ver- milion 3J, camphor 9j, cerate 3j. Use. In obstinate herpetic eruptions. Ceratum Cosmeticum. Pommade en crime. Oil of almonds §iv, white wax 3iij, spermaceti 3iij, rose water Sjjiij, tincture of balsam of Mecca 3ij; mix. Med. Prop. Emollient, and cooling. Use. An agreeable application to chapped lips and hands. Ceratum Crotonis. (M. Caventou.) Melt 2£ parts of lard with half a part of wax, and when nearly cold, mix with it one part of croton oil. Med. Prop. Rubefacient, and vesicant. Use. As a counter-irritant. Ceratum Galeni. P. Cold Cream. White wax |iv, oil of almonds ^xvj; melt, and gradually add in ^xij of rose water, stirring till cold. Med. Prop, and Use. Same as Ceratum Cosmeticum. Ceratum Goulardi. See Ceratum Plumbi Subacetatis. Ceratum Hydrargyri Compositum. L. Strong mercurial ointment giv, soap cerate giv, camphor ^j ; mix. Med. Prop. Discutient. Use. To indolent tumours. Ceratum Plumbi Subacetatis. U S. [Ceratum Plumbi Com- positum, L.~\ Goulard's Cerate. White wax ^iv, olive oil fgviij. Melt together; remove from the fire, and when it be- gins to thicken, gradually add solution of subacetate of lead fgijss; stir till cool, and lastly add camphor 3ss, dissolved in olive oil fgj. Med. Prop. Cooling, sedative, and astringent. Use. In cutaneous eruptions, and to blisters indisposed to heal. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 47 Ceratum Resine. U. S., L. [Unguentum Resinosum, E.; Unguentum Resinae Albae, D.~\ Resin Cerate. Basilicon Oint- ment. Resin ^v, yellow wax ^ij, lard ^viij. Melt together; strain while warm, through linen, and stir till cool. Med. Prop. Gently stimulating. Use. To indolent ulcers, especially those resulting from burns. Ceratum Resine Compositum. U. S. Deshler's Salve. Melt together resin, suet, and yellow wax, each Ibj, turpentine Ibss, flaxseed oil Oss; strain through linen, and stir till cold. Med. Prop, and Use. Similar to the preceding. Ceratum Rosatum. P. Lip Salve. Oil of almonds gij, white wax ^j, alkanet root 3J- Melt, and digest till coloured suffi- ciently ; then strain, and add 6 drops of otto of roses. Ceratum Rubrum. Yellow wax and lard, each Ibss, resin gss, red sulphuret of mercury gr. xvj. Mix. Use. As a common dressing. Ceratum Sabine. U S., L., E. [Unguentum Sabinae, D.~\ Savine Cerate. Savine, in powder, gij, to be mixed with Ibj of resin cerate. [The Br. Phars. direct fresh savine leaves to be boiled with lard and wax.] Used for maintaining the discharge from blisters. Ceratum Saponis. U. S., L. Solution of subacetate of lead Oij, soap gvj, white wax §x, olive oil Oj. Boil gently the solution of the subacetate with the soap, to the consistence of honey; heat in a water-bath till the moisture is dissipated; lastly, add the wax, previously melted with the oil, and mix. Med. Prop. Resolvent, and sedative. Use. To scrofulous tumours, and as a dressing over fractured limbs. Ceratum Simplex. U S. [Ceratum, £.] Simple Cerate. Lard ^viij, white wax giv. Melt together, and stir constantly till cool.—L. directs olive oil fgiv to be added to melted wax liv. Med. Prop. Emollient, and cooling. 48 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Use. To inflamed or abraded surfaces; also as a dressing for blisters. Ceratum Zinci Carbonatis. U. S. [Ceratum Calaminac, L, E.; Unguentum Calaminae, Dl~\ Turner's Cerate. Prepared carbonate of zinc and yellow wax, each Ibss, lard Ibij. Melt the wax and lard together, and as the mixture thickens on cooling, add the carbonate of zinc, and stir constantly till cold. Med. Prop. Astringent, and desiccative. Use. In cutaneous diseases, and to abraded surfaces. Cerei vel Cereoli. Bougies are made by dipping strips of soft linen cloth, rather wider at one end than at the other, into cer- tain emplastic or elastic compositions, folding them up closely, and rolling them firmly on a smooth slab. For elastic bougies, pieces of catgut, bundles of thread, &c, are sometimes used. The following are some of the compositions held in most repute:— 1. Bell's. Lead plaster ^iv, yellow wax gjss, olive oil 3iij' 2. Hunter's. Olive oil Ibiij, yellow wax Ibj, red lead Ibjss; boil together over a slow fire till combined. 3. Swediaur's white. White wax Ibj, spermaceti 3iij, acetate of lead from 3ij to §j ; boil together slowly. 4. St; B. H, red. Wax Ibj, Chian turpentine ^iv; melt to- gether, and add vermilion gj. To be well stirred. 5. Piderit's wax. Yellow wax 6 parts, olive oil 1 part. 6. Goulard's. Yellow wax, melted and mixed by stirring with from a\th to Jd of Goulard's extract of lead.—Prus. Ph., 3ij of Goulard's extract to ^vj of yellow wax. 7. Falk's mercurial. Mercurial plaster ^j, turpentine 3SS> powdered shell-lac gr. xv, calomel 3J, red oxide of mercury 9j- 8. Sharp's. Lead plaster |ij, Burgundy pitch 9ij, prepared antimony (sulphuret) gss; mix, and add quicksilver 3j, tri- turated with oil of sulphur q. s. 9. Dr. Reece. Lead plaster, tar, and powdered belladonna, spread on linen. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 49 10. Elastic. Boiled linseed oil ^xij, amber fiv, oil of turpen- tine %'iv, caoutchouc 3v; this varnish is repeatedly applied to the web. Cerevisia Abietina. (Dr. Wood.) Spruce Beer. Essence of spruce Oss, pimento and ginger, bruised, each %y, hops %v, water Cong, iij; boil for 5 or 10 minutes, strain, add Cong, xj of warm water, yeast Oj, molasses Ovj. Let it ferment for 24 hours. Cerevisia Diuretic a. E. H. Mustard seed (whole) iviij, juniper leaves |viij, wild carrot seed giij, wormwood ^ij, new small ale Cong. x. Med. Prop. Diuretic. Use. As a drink in dropsies. Cerevisia Picis. (Duhamel.) Tar Beer. Bran Oij, tar Oj, honey Oss, water Ovj; mix them in an earthen vessel, and simmer over a slow fire for 3 hours; when cool, add yeast Oss, and let it work for 30 hours, and strain.—Dose, a wineglassful before meals. Use. In bronchial affections, and incipient phthisis. Cerevisia Zingiberis. (Donovan.) Ginger Beer. Infuse gijss of bruised ginger in Cong, iv of boiling water. When cool, strain, and add Ibiv of white sugar, Oss of solid yeast, and gij of cream of tartar. Ferment in a warm situation, and when the fermentation subsides, rack off the clear liquor, and return it into the cooler, previously cleansed. In a day or two, bottle it. Use. An agreeable stomachic drink. Charta Antirheumatica. (M. Berg.) Euphorbium 30 parts, cantharides 15 parts, alcohol 150 parts; digest 8 days, filter and add black resin 50 parts, turpentine 50 parts. Thin paper is to be brushed over 2 or 3 times with this varnish. (To be applied, gently heated, over the part.) The following is said to resemble Poor Man's Plaster:— Black resin 3 parts, tar 2 parts, yellow wax 1 part. To be melted and spread upon paper. Med. Prop. Stimulant. 5 50 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Use. As a mild irritant and revulsive. Charta Epispastica cum Cantharide. For keeping blisters open. White wax 3j, spermaceti giij, olive oil "5'w, turpentine 3j, cantharides from 3J to 9iv, water 3x; boil slowly in a tinned vessel for 2 hours, constantly stirring, and filter through flannel. To be spread upon paper. Charta pro Fonticulis. (Soubeiran.) Issue Paper. White wax 10 parts, spermaceti 5, elemi 5, turpentine 6; melt over a slow fire, and strain. To be spread on paper by a proper machine. Chenopodium. U. S. Wormseed. The fruit of Chenopodium anthelminticum. Med. Prop. Anthelmintic. Use. To destroy lumbrici in children. Chimaphila. U. S., L. [Pyrola, E.; Pyrola Umbellata, D.~\ Pipsissewa. The leaves of Chimaphila umbellata. Med. Prop. Tonic, alterative, astringent, and reputed diuretic. Use. In scrofula, and disorders of the bladder. Chlorinium. Chlorine Gas may be procured by gently heating hydrochloric acid with half its weight of black oxide of manga- nese, in a flask or retort. Chloroformum. Chloroform. Distil together chloride of lime 1 part, water 3 parts, and alcohol 3 parts, placed in a capacious retort, into a refrigerated receiver. The heavy oily fluid (chlo- roform) is separated from the water, and may be rectified by re-distilling with oil of vitriol. Med. Prop. Antispasmodic, sedative, and narcotic. Use. In severe neuralgia, and by inhalation as an anaesthetic. Chocolata. Chocolate. The nuts are picked, slightly roasted to loosen the envelopes, broken, winnowed and cleansed, again heated and ground in a mill. The powder is then beaten to a paste in a warm iron mortar, and mixed with sugar. Med. Prop. Nutritious, and demulcent. Chocolat de Sante. P. 90 pounds each, of the richer and infe- I AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 51 rior kinds of cacao (Cacao Caraque and Maraignan), treated as above, with 160 pounds of sugar, and 1 ounce of cinnamon. Chocolata Martis. (Trousseau.) Spanish Chocolate gxvj, subcarbonate of iron §ss. Triturate on a warm slab, and divide into cakes of 3j, each. Some direct levigated filings of iron. Med. Prop. Chalybeate, and nutritious. Use. In amenorrhoea, chlorosis, anaemia, dyspepsia, &c. Chocolata cum Salep. To gxvj of prepared chocolate add gss of powdered salep. Arrow-root and tapioca are mixed with chocolate in the same proportion. A mixture very similar to the foregoing constitutes the Rachohout des Arabes, much used by invalids. Chondrus. U. S. (Sec.) Irish Moss. Carrageen. Chondrus crispus. Med. Prop. Demulcent, and nutritious. Use. Chiefly as an article of diet. Cimicifuga. U S. (Sec.) Black Snake-root. Cohosh. The root of Cimicifuga racemosa. Med. Prop. Tonic, diuretic, diaphoretic, expectorant, and em- menagogue. Use. Chiefly in chorea, and rheumatism. Cinchona. U. S., L., E., D. Peruvian Bark. The bark of different species of Cinchona, derived from the western coast of South America. Med. Prop. Tonic, and antiperiodic. Use. In low forms of disease, and in all intermittent and remit- tent disorders. Cinchonia. Cmchonine is procured from the Gray Bark (C. pallida), in the same manner as Quinia. Med. Prop, and Use. Similar to those of Quinia. Cinchonie Disulphas. As Quiniae Disulphas. Cinnamomum. U. S., L.,E., D. [Cassiae Cortex, E.; Cassia, D.~\ The bark of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, and of C. aromati- cum. (Nees.) 52 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Med. Prop. Aromatic, and astringent. Use. As an adjuvant, in diarrhoea and dysentery. Cocculus. E. [Cocculus Suberosus, D.~\ Cocculus Indian. Fruit of Anamirta Cocculus. Prop. Stimulant, narcotic, and poisonous;—not used in medi- cine. Coccus. U.S. [Cocci, L., E.; Coccus Cacti, D.~\ Cochineal. Use. To impart a fine red colour. Codeia. This alkaloid is left in the solution, when ammonia is added to ordinary muriate of morphia, and it is obtained by eva- porating the residual liquor, crystallizing, treating the salt with liquor potassae, dissolving the precipitate in ether, and evapo- rating. Med. Prop. Narcotic, with an apparent tendency to the sympa- thetic nerve. Colchici Radix et Semen. U. S. [Colchici Cormus, L., E.; Colchicum Autumnale. Bulbus, D.; Colchici Semina, L., E.; Colchicum Autumnale. Semina, Z>.] The cormus and seeds of Colchicum autumnale, or Meadow saffron. Med. Prop. Sedative, narcotic, diuretic, diaphoretic, emetic, and cathartic. Use. Chiefly in gout, and rheumatism; also in dropsies, and dis- eases of the circulatory system. Colchicinia. The active principle of Colchicum. Digest colchi- cum seeds in boiling alcohol, precipitate by magnesia, treat the precipitate with boiling alcohol, and evaporate the filtered solution. Collutoria. Mouth-washes. They are of a thicker consistence- than gargles, and are prepared extemporaneously. Collyria. Eye-waters. Aquae Ophthalmicae. These are noticed under other heads. Collyrium Acidum. (Krimer.) For removing particles of iron from the eye. Muriatic acid ejjxx, mucilage 3j, rose-water 3ij. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 53 Colocyntiiis. U. S., L., E. [Cucumis Colocynthis, Z>.] The fruit of Cucumis Colocynthis, deprived of its rind. Med. Prop, and Use. A hydragogue, drastic cathartic. Colomba. U S., D. [Calumba, L., E.~] Root of Cocculus palmatus. Med. Prop. Tonic. Use. In dyspepsia, chronic diarrhoea, and dysentery, &c. Confectio Amygdale. L. [Conserva Amygdalae, E.~\ Sweet almonds, blanched, §viij, powdered gum Arabic 3j, white sugar §iv. Beat together to a uniform mass. Med. Prop. Demulcent. Confectio Aromatica. U. S., L., D. [Electuarium Aromati- cum, E.~\ Aromatic powder §vss, powdered saffron ^ss; to be rubbed together. Then add syrup of orange peel ^vj, clarified honey ^ij, and beat them together till thoroughly mixed. Use. An agreeable aromatic vehicle for other medicines. Confectio Aurantii Corticis. U S. [Confectio Aurantii, L.; Conserva Aurantii, E.~\ Fresh orange peel, grated, Ibj, white sugar Ibiij ; beat together till thoroughly mixed. Use. As a pleasant vehicle for other medicines. Confectio Cassie. L. Cassia pulp Ibss, manna gij, tamarind pulp 3j, syrup of roses Jviij. Dissolve the bruised manna in the syrup, add the pulps, and evaporate to a due consistence. Use. Same as the preceding. Confectio Cinchone. St. B. H. Powdered yellow bark 3vj, powdered ginger 3ss, treacle ^iijss.—Dose, 3J to 3ij- Med. Prop, and Use. Same as those of Cinchona. Confectio Conii. (Dr. Osborne.) Fresh hemlock leaves, beaten up with an equal weight of treacle. Dr. 0. proposes to prepare other narcotic plants in the same manner. Med. Prop, and Use. Similar to those of Conium. Confectio Damocratis. Mithridate. It consisted of 45 in- gredients, and contained one grain of opium in ^ss. 5* 54 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Confectio Ferri Subcarbonatis. St. B. II. Subcarbonate of iron ^ss, treacle q. s.—Dose, 3SS- Med. Prop, and Use. Those of the chalybeates generally. Confectio Ferri Tartarizati. St. B. H. Cream of tartar gjss, tartarized iron 3ijj powdered ginger 9j, treacle Jijss. Dose, 3ij, three times a day. Med. Prop, and Use. Chalybeate, and aromatic;—in chlorosis, &c. Confectio Jalape Composita. St. B. H. Powdered jalap 3ij, cream of tartar §jss, ginger 9j, treacle ^ijss.—Dose, 3ij- Med. Prop. A brisk hydragogue cathartic. Confectio Opii. U. S., L., D. [Electuarium Opii, E.~] Opium, in powder, 3ivss, aromatic powder §vj, clarified honey ^xiv. Rub the opium with the aromatic powder; then beat them with the honey till thoroughly mixed.—One grain of opium is con- tained-in about 36 grains of the confection. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Opium. Confectio Piperis Nigri. L., D. [Electuarium Piperis, El] Ward's Paste. Black pepper ibj, elecampane Ibj, fennel seed ibiij, white sugar Ibij. Reduce them to a very fine powder, and keep it in a close vessel. When required for use, mix ^vij of the powder with gij of honey. Med. Prop. Stimulant. Use. In haemorrhoids.—Dose, 3J~ij- Confectio Rose. U S. [Confectio Rosae Gallicae, L.; Con- serva Rosae, E., D.~] Powdered red roses ^iv, refined sugar, in powder, gxxx, clarified honey |vj, rose water f^viij. Rub the roses with the rose water at a boiling heat, then add gradually the sugar and honey, and beat together till thoroughly mixed. The Br. Phars. direct the fresh roses. Med. Prop. Slightly astringent. Use. As a vehicle for other medicines. Confectio Rose Canine. L. Pulp of fruit of dog-rose Ibj, white sugar gxx; heat the pulp gently in an earthen vessel, gradually add the sugar, and rub together until they are incor- porated. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 55 Med. Prop. Acidulous, and refrigerant. Use. As a vehicle. Confectio Scammonii. L. [Electuarium Scammonium, E.~\ Scammony |jss, cloves 3vj, ginger 3vj; powder finely, and add syrup of roses q. s.; rub together with oil of caraway f3ss The powders are directed to be kept mixed, and the syrup and oil added when required for use. Med. Prop. Cathartic. Confectio Senne. U. S., L. [Electuarium Sennae, E., Dl] Lenitive Electuary. Senna gviij, coriander seed giv, bruised liquorice root 3iij, figs Ibj, pulp of prunes, pulp of tamarinds, pulp of purging cassia, each, Ibss, white sugar Ibijss, water Oiv. Rub the senna and coriander together, and separate 10 ounces of the powder with a sieve. Boil the residue with the figs and liquorice root, in the water, to one-half; press out the liquor, and strain; evaporate the strained liquor, by means of a water-bath, to Ojss, then add the sugar, and form a syrup. Lastly, rub the pulps with the syrup, and, having thrown in the sifted powder, beat all together till thoroughly mixed. Med. Prop. A gentle laxative.—Dose 3ij- Confectio Stanni. St. B. H. Powdered tin gj, confection of dog-rose ^ij; mix.—Dose ^ss, every morning. Med. Prop. Anthelmintic. Confectio Sulphuris Composita. St. B. H. Precipitated sulphur gss, cream of tartar 3j, clarified honey 3j; mix. Med. Prop, and Use. Cathartic;—in constipation, rheumatism, &c. Coneia. (Geiger.) The active (alkaloid) principle of Conium maculatum, procured by distilling soft alcoholic extract of conium seeds with its weight of water, and a little caustic potash. Med. Prop. Narcotic, poisonous. Conii Folia et Semen. U. S., L. Leaves and seeds (Leaves, E., Dl) of Conium maculatum. Med. Prop. Narcotic and resolvent. 56 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Use. As a palliative in cancer; also, as a general anodyne; ex- ternally, to cancerous sores. Contrayerva. U. S. (Sec.) The root of Dorstenia Contra- yerva. Med. Prop. Stimulant, tonic, and diaphoretic. Use. In low fevers, typhoid dysentery, and diarrhoea. Convolvulus Panduratus. U S. (Sec.) Wild Potato. The root of Convolvulus panduratus. Med. Prop. Feebly cathartic, and diuretic. Copaiba. U. S., L., E., D. The juice of Copaifera officinalis, and other species of Copaifera. Med. Prop. Stimulant, diuretic, and, in large doses, purgative; it acts also upon the mucous membranes generally. Use. In gonorrhoea, gleet, dysentery, &c. Coptis. U. S. (Sec.) Gold Thread. The root of Coptis tri- folia, Med. Prop. Tonic. Use. In dyspepsia, and in convalescence. Corallia Preparata. Corals are prepared as Chalk. See Creta Praeparata. Coriandrum. U. S., L., E. [C. Sativum, Dl] The fruit of Coriandrum sativum. Med. Prop. Aromatic. Use. Chiefly as an adjuvant. Cornu. L., E. [Cornua Cervina, D.] Hartshorn. Horn of Cervus Elaphus. Use. To prepare a demulcent and nutritious jelly. Cornu Ustum. L., D. Burn pieces of stag's horn in an open vessel till they are perfectly white, then powder and prepare them as Chalk/ See Creta Praeparata, Cornus Circinata. U S. (Sec.) Round-leaved Dogwood. The bark of Cornus circinata. Med. Prop, and Use. Similar to the following. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 57 Cornus Florida. U S. Dogwood. The bark of Cornus Flo- rida. Med. Prop. Tonic, and astringent. Use. In the apyrexia of fevers. Cornus Sericea. U S. (Sec.) Swamp Dogwood. The bark of Cornus sericea. Med. Prop, and Use. Similar to the preceding. Cotula. U. S. (Sec.) May-weed. The herb of Anthemis Co- tula. Med. Prop, and Use. Similar to Anthemis. Creasotum. U S., E. [Creasoton, L., P.] Distil wood tar in an iron retort till white vapours appear; collect the heavy oily matter which forms the lower layer of the product, and wash it with water slightly acidulated with sulphuric acid; then distil it in a glass retort (rejecting the first portions, which are chiefly eupione), and heat the product with a solution of potassa, at sp. gr. 1-12, shaking the mixture strongly. When it has settled, pour off the layer of eupione from the sur- face, and expose the combined potash and creasote to the air till it becomes black; then saturate with dilute sulphuric acid, pour away the watery liquid, and distil the product in glass. Repeat the treatment by exposure, potash, sulphuric acid, and distillation, three times, or oftener, till the combination of crea- sote and potash ceases to become coloured by the action of the air; then saturate it with concentrated phosphoric acid, and distil the creasote, rejecting the first portions. (P.) Med. Prop. Irritant, narcotic, styptic, antiseptic, and escharotic. Use. In certain irritable conditions of the stomach, in haemate- mesis; externally, in chronic skin diseases; also, to arrest hemorrhages. Cremor Taraxaci. (Dr. Collier.) Wash fresh dandelion roots, cut them in slices, and sprinkle them with spirit of juni- per ; then express the juice by means of an iron press. The creamy juice will keep for a considerable time.—Dose, a table- spoonful 2 or 3 times a day. 58 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Med. Prop, and Use. The same as those of Taraxacum. Creta. U.S., L., E. [Calcis Carbonas, D.] Chalk. See the following. Creta Preparata. U S., L., E., D. Rub chalk very fine with a little water; stir this into a large quantity of water, and when the coarse particles have subsided, pour off the superna- tant turbid liquor into another vessel, and let it settle. Pour off the water, and dry the powder. Med. Prop. Antacid, astringent, and absorbent. Use. In diarrhoea, accompanied with acidity; externally, to burns and ulcers, to absorb the ichorous discharge. Crocus. U S., L., E. [Crocus Sativus, D.] Saffron. The stigmas of Crocus sativus. Med. Prop. Reputed stimulant, diaphoretic, and emmenagogue. Use. Chiefly to impart colour and flavour to officinal tinctures. Cubeba. U.S., D. [Piper Cubeba, L.; Cubebae, E.] The berries of Piper Cubeba. Med. Prop. Stimulant, aromatic, and diuretic. Use. Chiefly in gonorrhoea, gleet, and catarrh of the bladder. Cupri Acetas et Diacetas. The diacetate or subacetate of cop- per (Cupri Subacetas, U. S.; iErugo, L., E.), commonly called Verdigris, is made by the action of fermenting marc of grapes, or of vinegar, on sheets of copper. The acetate is made by dis- solving verdigris in acetic acid, and crystallizing. Very seldom used. Cuprum Ammoniatum. U S., E., D. [Cupri Ammonio-sul- phas, L.] Sulphate of copper gss, carbonate of ammonia 3vj; rub together in a mortar till effervescence ceases; then wrap the mass in bibulous paper, and dry it by a gentle heat. Med. Prop. Tonic, and antispasmodic. Use. In epilepsy, chorea, and hysteria. Cupri Sulphas. U S., L., E., D. Blue Vitriol. Dissolve copper in dilute sulphuric acid; evaporate, and crystallize. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 59 Med. Prop. Astringent, and tonic; in large doses, emetic; ex- ternally, stimulant, styptic, and escharotic. Use. In intermittent fever, and chronic diarrhoea; externally, in ophthalmia, ulcers, and mucous discharges. Curcuma. U S. (Sec), L., E. [C. Longa, D.] Turmeric. The rhizoma of Curcuma longa. Use. To impart colour. Cydonia. L. Quince Seeds. From Cydonia vulgaris. Med. Prop. Demulcent. Cyminum. L. [Cuminum, E.] Cumin Seed. Fruit of the Cuminum Cyminum. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of the Aromatics. Decocta. Decoctions. The roots, barks, woods, &c, require to be sliced or bruised. The purest and softest water should be used. In compound decoctions, the various ingredients should be added at different periods of the process, according to the length of time required to extract their virtues. Glass or earthenware vessels are preferable, as a general rule. When sufficiently boiled, the liquid should be strained. Decoctum Adstringens. (Swediaur.) Oak bark, tormentil root, pomegranate rind, of each, 3ij, water Ibj, milk Ibj; boil for a quarter of an hour, adding 3ij of cinnamon, and strain. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of the Astringents generally. Decoctum Aloes Compositum. L. Extract of liquorice 3vij, carbonate of potassa 3j, aloes, myrrh, saffron, each, 3JSS, water Ojss. Boil to Oj, strain, and add compound tincture of carda- mom f^vij.—E. and D. direct aloes, myrrh, saffron, each, 3J, extract of liquorice ^ss, carbonate of potassa 9ij, water f^xvj. Boil to f^xij, filter, and add compound tincture of cardamom f^iv. Med. Prop. A tonic, cordial cathartic, and antacid. Use. In constipation with dyspepsia, and amenorrhcea. Decoctum Althee. D. [Mistura Althaeae, E.] Marshmallow herb and root, dried, %iv, raisins, stoned, gij, water Ovij. Boil 60 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. ■ down to Ov, and strain the liquor; allow the dregs to subside, and then decant. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of the mucilages and demulcents. Decoctum Avene. Guy's H. Gruel. Oatmeal 3j, cold water f^iv; mix, and add Oiij of boiling water; boil for an hour, and strain through a hair sieve. Use. A nutritive, bland diet for the sick and convalescent. Decoctum Cetrarie. U S., L. [Decoctum Lichenis Islandici, D.] Iceland moss §ss, water Ojss; boil down to Oj, and strain with compression. The bitterness is sometimes removed by first infusing the moss in boiling water for a quarter of an hour. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Cetraria. Decoctum Chenopodii. (Dr. Wood.) Fresh leaves of the Che- nopodium anthelminticum ^j, milk Oj; boil.—Dose, a wine- glassful, with some aromatic. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Chenopodium. Decoctum Chimaphile. U S., L. [Decoctum Pyrolae, D.] Pipsissewa, bruised, ^j, water Ojss; boil down to a pint, and strain. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Chimaphila. Decoctum Chondri. Macerate ^ss of carrageen (Irish moss) for 10 minutes in cold water; remove the moss, free it from the water, and boil it in Oiij of milk or water for 15 minutes, and strain. Flavour, and sweeten to the taste. Ad libitum. Med. Prop, and Use. Nutritive and demulcent;—as an article of diet. Decoctum Cinchone. U S., L., E., D. Peruvian bark, bruised, gj, water Oj. Boil for ten minutes in a covered vessel, and strain while hot.—D. directs the pale bark. The preparation is much improved by adding to the pint of water 3j of aromatic, or dilute sulphuric acid, which more completely exhausts the bark. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Cinchona. Decoctum Cinchone cum Serpentaria. (Sir J. Pringle.) Peruvian bark 3iij, water Oj; boil to Oss, and infuse in the hot decoction 3 iij of serpentaria root. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 61 Med. Prop, and Use. Similar to the preceding, though more efficient. Decoctum Colocynthidis. Bat. Ph. Colocynth pulp 3j, water gviij; boil for 10 minutes, strain, and when cool, add syrup of orange peel 3j, ether 3j.—Dose, £ss 3 times a day. Med. Prop. A drastic hydragogue cathartic. Use. In dropsies, &c. Decoctum Cornus Floride. U S. Dogwood bark, bruised, £j, water Oj; boil for 10 minutes in a covered vessel, and strain while hot. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Cornus Florida. Decoctum Cydonie. L. Quince seeds 3ij, water Oj; boil for 10 minutes, and then strain. Med. Prop, and Use. An excellent mucilage, for the eyes, skin, &c. Decoctum Dulcamare. U S., L., E., D. Bittersweet stalks, bruised, gj, water Ojss; boil down to Oj, and strain. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Dulcamara. Decoctum Ergote. (Pereira.) Ergot 3j, water f^vj; boil for 10 minutes, and strain.—For three doses. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Ergota. Decoctum Geoffroye. D. Cabbage-tree bark, bruised, gj, water Oij; boil down to Oj, and to the strained liquor add ^ij of syrup of orange peel. Dose for an adult, ^ss to Jj. Med. Prop, and Use. A good anthelmintic. Decoctum Geranii. Dried root of cranesbill (Geranium macu- latum) 3j, water fjxxiv; boil to f^xvj. Med. Prop. Astringent. The root boiled in milk is an excellent remedy for infantile cholera and diarrhoea. (Chapman.) Decoctum Glycyrrhize. D. Liquorice root ^jss, water f|xvj; boil for ten minutes and strain. Med. Prop, and Use. A demulcent drink; used also to flavour. Decoctum Granati. L. Pomegranate rind gij, water Ojss; boil down to Oj. Use. As an astringent gargle, &c. 6 62 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Decoctum Granati Vermifugum. [Apozime Vermifuge, P.] Dried bark of pomegranate root gij, water ^xxiv, boil slowly to gxvj, and strain. (The form used in India is ^viij of the fresh bark boiled in Oiij of water to Oij. Dose, a wineglassful re- peated every half hour, or as the patient can bear it.) Med. Prop. Anthelmintic. Use. To expel taenia. Decoctum Guaiaci. [Compositum, D.; Decoctum Lignorum, E.~] Guaiac turnings 3iij, raisins £ij, water Oviij; boil to Ov, adding towards the end, liquorice root 3j, sassafras 3j; strain. Med. Prop. Demulcent; reputed alterative. Use. In chronic rheumatism, syphilis, &c. Decoctum Hematoxyli. U S., E. Rasped logwood |j, water Oij; boil to Oj, and strain. [E. directs 3J °f cinnamon to be added towards the end of the process.] Med. Prop. A mild astringent. Use. In diarrhoea, &c. Decoctum Hordei. U. S., L., D. Barley Water. Pearl barley gij, wash it with cold water; boil it a few minutes with Oss of water; throw this away, and boil the barley with Oiij of water, poured boiling hot upon it, to Oij, and strain. Med. Prop. Demulcent. Use. As a drink in fevers and inflammations, chiefly of the mu- cous membrane, alimentary canal, and urinary organs. Decoctum Hordei Compositum. L., D. Decoction of barley Oij, figs ^ijss, raisins ^ijss, liquorice root 3v, water Oj; boil to Oij. Med. Prop. Demulcent, and gently laxative. Decoctum Juniperi Compositum. St. B. H. Juniper berries |ij, cream of tartar 3iij, water Oiv; boil to Oij, strain, and add comp. spirit of juniper f^ij. Med. Prop. Diuretic and refrigerant. Use. As a drink in dropsies. Decoctum Lusitanicum. Lisbon Diet Drink. The Decoc. Sarz« Comp. is now substituted for it. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 63 Decoctum Malti. (Swediaur.) Ground malt ^vj, water Ibv; boil to Ibiv, and strain.—|ij of lemon syrup may be added. Med. Prop. Tonic and demulcent. Decoctum Malve Compositum. L. Dried mallows £j, cha- momile flowers gss, water Oj; boil for 15 minutes, and strain. Use. For fomentations and enemata. Decoctum Mezerei. E., D. Mezereon in chips, 3ij, liquorice root gss, water Oij; boil to Oj, and strain. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Mezereum. Decoctum Papaveris. L., E., D. Poppy-heads (without the seeds) ^iv, water Oiv [E. Oiij; D. Oij]; boil 15 minutes, and strain. Med. Prop. Emollient, and gently anodyne. Use. To foment painful parts. Decoctum Quercus Albe. U S. [Decoc. Quercus. L., E., D.] White oak bark bruised gj, water Ojss; boil down to Oj, and strain. Med. Prop. A good astringent. Use. Chiefly externally to indolent and flabby ulcers,—as a bath in chronic cholera infantum and diarrhoea, and as a gargle. Decoctum Rubi. (Dr. Wood.) Smaller roots (or bark of the larger roots) of Rubus villosus |j, water f^xxiv; boil to f^xvj. Med. Prop. Astringent. Use. In chronic diarrhoea. Decoctum Rumicis Aquatici. (Dr. A. T. Thomson.) Water- dock root dried 3 j (or fresh, ^ij), water Oj; boil for 15 minutes, and strain. Use. In chronic skin diseases. Decoctum Salicis. (Wilkinson.) Broad-leaved willow bark 3jss; bruise, and macerate in Ibij of water for 6 hours; boil for 15 minutes, and strain. Med. Prop. Tonic and astringent. Use. As an antiperiodic. Decoctum Sambuci. (Sydenham.) Inner bark of elder 3j, water Oj, milk Oj; boil down to Oj. 64 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Med. Prop. Hydragogue cathartic, and emetic. Use. In dropsies, and as an alterative. Decoctum Saponarie. (Swediaur.) Soapwort gij, water Ibiv; boil to ibj, and strain.—Taken as Decoctum Sarsaparillao. Med. Prop. Reputed alterative. Decoctum Sarsaparille. D. [Decoc. Sarzae, L., E.] Sar- saparilla ^v, boiling water Oiv; macerate for 4 (E., 2) hours near the fire; take out, and bruise the root; return it to the liquor; again macerate for 2 hours; boil down to Oij, and strain. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Sarsaparilla. Decoctum Sarsaparille [Sarzae, L., E.] Compositum. U S., D.] Sarsaparilla, bruised, gvj, sassafras, rasped guaiacum wood, bruised liquorice root, each gj, mezereon 3iij, water Oiv; boil for a quarter of an hour, and strain.—The Br. Phars. direct the Decoc. Sarzae, boiling, Oiv, sassafras, guaiacum wood, liquorice root, each $x, mezereon 3iij; boil for a quarter of an hour, and strain. This process is inferior to that of U. S., in consequence of the long boiling of the sarsaparilla. Med. Prop. Alterative. Use. In secondary syphilis, chronic rheumatism, and skin diseases. Decoctum Sarze cum Ichthyocolla. Tisane de Feltz. Sarsa- parilla 3iij, isinglass 3ss, sulphuret of antimony (tied up in a rag) 3iij, water Ov; boil to Oijss, and strain. Med. Prop. Alterative. Use. Chiefly in chronic skin diseases. Decoctum Sarze cum Senna. Tisane de Vinache. (Cadet.) Sarsaparilla gjss, China root gjss, guaiacum wood 3 jss, sulphuret of antimony (tied up in a rag) gij, water Ov; boil to Oiij, and add sassafras 3iv, senna 3iv; infuse for 1 hour, and strain. Med. Prop. Alterative, and slightly purgative. Use. As the former. Decoctum Scille Compositum. Dried squill 3iij, juniper ber- ries giv, senega giij, water Oiv. Boil to Oij; strain, and add spirit of nitric ether giv. Use. As a diuretic, in dropsies. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 65 Decoctum Scoparii Compositum. L. Broom-tops, juniper berries, dandelion root, each, gss, water Ojss; boil to Oj, and strain.—E. omits the dandelion, and adds bitartrate of potassa 3iij-—Dose, a wineglassful 3 times a day. Med. Prop. Diuretic, in dropsies. Decoctum Senege. U. S., L., D. Seneka, bruised, 3jj, water Oiss; boil to Oj, and strain. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Senega. Decoctum Spigelie. Pink-root and senna, each, gss, water Oj; boil for a few minutes, and strain. Med. Prop, and Use. An excellent anthelmintic for children. Decoctum Spongie. (Hufeland.) Burnt sponge gj, water Ibj; boil, digest for 12 hours, strain, and add cinnamon water f|ij. Dose, fgj. Med. Prop. Alterative. Use. In goitre. Decoctum Staphisagrie. Stavesacre seeds gj, water Oij; boil for a few minutes, and strain. For external use, in neuralgia, rheumatism, and paralysis. Decoctum Taraxaci. U S., E., D. Dandelion root, bruised, § ij, water Oij ; boil to Oj, and strain. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Taraxacum. Decoctum Tormentille. L. Tormentil root Jij, water Ojss; boil to Oj, and strain. Med. Prop. Astringent. Decoctum Ulmi. L., D. Fresh elm bark, bruised, gijss, dis- tilled water Oij ; boil to Oj, and strain. Used in scaly skin diseases. [The Ulmus of the U S. Phar. is the inner bark of Ulmus fulva, or Slippery Elm. It forms with water a muci- lage; very useful as a demulcent, both internally and ex- ternally.] Decoctum Uve Ursi. U S., L. Bearberry leaves, gj, water Ojss; boil to Oj, and strain. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Uva Ursi. 6* 6Q AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Decoctum Veratri. L., D. White hellebore root, in powder 3x, water Oij ; boil to Oj, and strain, and add rectified spirit fgiij. [fgijss, D.]—For external use in skin diseases. Med. Prop. Those of Veratrum Album. Decoctum Verbasci. (Dr. Home.) Leaves of great mullein § ij, water Oij; boil for 20 minutes, and strain.—Dose, f|iv. Use. In diarrhoeas. Also as a fomentation. Decoctum Zittmani. Zittman's Decoction is a preparation of sarsaparilla much used in Germany for the same purposes as the Decoctum Sarsaparillae Compositum. It contains a very small portion of mercury. Delphinium. U. S. (Sec.) Larkspur. The root of Delphinium consolida. Delphinia. Delphine. Treat alcoholic extract of stavesacre seeds with water acidulated with sulphuric acid, as long as anything is dissolved; add ammonia to the filtered solution; collect and dry the precipitate, and redissolve it in rectified spirit; filter through charcoal, and evaporate it carefully to dryness.—Dose, gr. ss. Used also outwardly> as veratria. Digitalis. U. S., E. [Digitalis Purpurea, L., D.] The leaves (and seeds, LI) of Digitalis purpurea. Med. Prop. Narcotic, and sedative, especially to the circulatory system; diuretic. Use. In hypertrophy and dilatation of the heart, and aneurism; in inflammations, active hemorrhages, and in dropsies. Digitalina. Digitaline. (Henry.) Exhaust powdered digi- talis by percolation or digestion with spirit of sp. gr. -860. Filter, distil off the spirit, dissolve the residue in water acidulated with acetic acid, precipitate with infusion of galls, collect the precipi- tate, mix it with powdered litharge and a little spirit; dry the paste, digest it at a very gentle heat with rectified spirit, distil off the spirit, and agitate the residue with ether. What remains is digitaline. It is said to be 100 times as strong as powdered digitalis.—Not employed, as yet, in medicine. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 67 Diosma. U. S., L., E., D. Buchu. The leaves of Diosma crenata. Med. Prop. Stimulant, diuretic, and diaphoretic. Use. In gravel, and disorders of the bladder. Diospyros. U. S. (Sec.) Persimmon. The bark of Diospyros Virginiana. Med. Prop. Astringent. Use. In chronic dysentery, &c. (The unripe fruit is still more efficacious as an astringent.) Dracontium. U S. (Sec.) Skunk Cabbage. The root of Symplocarpus foetidus. (Barton.) Med. Prop. Stimulant, antispasmodic, and narcotic. Use. In asthma, chronic catarrh, &c. Dulcamara. U S., L., E. [Solanum Dulcamara, D.] Bitter- sweet. The stalks of Solanum Dulcamara, or Woody Night- shade. Med. Prop. Narcotic, sedative, diaphoretic, and alterative. Use. Chiefly in chronic skin diseases; also as an antaphrodisiac. Elaterium. U. S., L., E., D. A substance deposited by the juice of the fruit of Momordica Elaterium. See Extractum Elaterii. Med. Prop. A powerful drastic cathartic; also diuretic. Use. Chiefly in dropsy. Elaterinum. Elaterin. Elatin. (Dr. Morries.) Evaporate tincture of elaterium to the consistence of a thin oil, and throw it into boiling distilled water. Collect the crystalline precipitate when cold, and dry it with a gentle heat.—Dose, J^th of a grain. Electuaria. Electuaries are masses of soft consistence, made by incorporating the medicinal substance with syrup, honey, or molasses. They are generally extemporaneous prescriptions. Electuarium Anticachecticum. Bath Electuary. Select the heaviest and bluest clinkers from a blacksmith's forge; powder them finely, and mix with enough treacle to form a stiff paste; to gviij of this, add carbonate of magnesia and powdered ginger, 68 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. each, gss.—Dose, a teaspoonful twice a day, for 3 days; then omit for 3 days, and repeat if necessary. (This is sometimes named Elect. Ferri Compositum.) Med. Prop. Tonic. Electuarium Aromaticum. E. Aromatic powder one part, syrup of orange peel two parts; mix. Med. Prop. Stimulant and carminative. Electuarium Antiepilepticum. (Dr. Mead.) Peruvian bark gj, valerian gss, powdered tin gss. Mix the powders with syrup q. s. to form an electuary. Electuarium Carbonis. Prepared charcoal 3ij, carbonate of soda 3ij, confection of senna gij. Med. Prop. Laxative, antacid, and antiseptic. Use. In dyspepsia. Electuarium Catechu. E. [Comp., D.] Confectio Japonica. Catechu giv, kino giv, cinnamon gj, nutmeg gj (gij, D.), opium gjss; diffuse the opium in a little sherry wine, powder the rest finely, and mix the whole in syrup of red roses (syrup of ginger, Dl), boiled to the consistence of honey, Ojss. (Ibijss, Dl) Med. Prop. Astringent, carminative, and anodyne. Electuarium Cinchone Compositum. (Dr. Copland.) Yellow (Calisaya) bark gj, confection of roses gss, diluted sulphuric acid 3j, syrup of ginger gjss.—Dose, 3J or 3ij, 3 or 4 times a day.—Quarin's Electuary consists of powdered red bark gj, gentian 3j, ammoniated iron 3j, oxymel of squill and syrup of five roots (Species Diureticae) q. s.—P. Gray bark 3xvuj> muriate of ammonia 3j, honey gij, syrup of wormwood §ij. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Cinchona. Electuarium Copaibe. (Caspar.) Blanched almonds 3vj, marshmallow powder 3J, catechu 3ss, copaiva 3iij. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Copaiba. Electuarium Cubebe et Copaibe. (Bouchardat.) Copaiba §j, powdered cubebs gjss, oil of peppermint gtt. viij, sweet spirits AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 69 of nitre gtt. xv, powdered sugar q. s. to form a paste.—To be taken in four days, wrapped in wafer paper. Use. In gonorrhoea, and gleet. Electuarium Ferri Subcarbonatis. (Copland.) Subcar- bonate of iron gss, syrup of ginger gss, conserve of orange-peel §ij; mix.—Dose, the size of a nutmeg, 2 or 3 times a day. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of the chalybeates generally. Electuarium Hemorrhoidale. Manna gij, sulphate of potash, nitre, sulphur, each, 3ij, syrup q. s. Or, confection of senna gij, sulphur 3iv.—Dr. Copland. Nitre 3ij, confection of senna gjss, syrup of ginger gjss, elder syrup §j; mix.—Dr. Graves. Con- fection of senna gj, sulphur gj, jalap 3j, balsam of copaiva gss, ginger 3ss, cream of tartar gss, syrup q. s.; mix. Use. As a laxative in hemorrhoids. Electuarium Lenitivum. See Confectio Sennae: Electuarium Mucune. (Chamberlain's.) Dip the pods of Mucuna pruriens in treacle, and scrape off the hairs, repeating fresh pods till it becomes sufficiently thick. Med. Prop. Anthelmintic. Use. To expel lumbrici. Electuarium Nigrum. Trousseau's Black Tonic. Perchlo- ride of iron 3iv, tannin 3j, confection of roses gij, syrup of orange-peel gj; mix. Med. Prop. Intended for a tonic, but of doubtful efficacy. Electuarium Sinapis. (Guy's H.) Mustard seed, lightly bruised, gj, sulphur 3ij, syrup of orange-peel fgj.—Dose 3J, 3 or 4 times a day. Med. Prop, and Use. Laxative, and stimulant to the digestive organs;—in dyspepsia. Electuarium Sulphuris Compositum. (Guy's H.) Sulphur 3j, cream of tartar gss, treacle 3 iij; mix. Med. Prop. Cathartic, and alterative. Electuarium Vermifugum. (Beesmer.) Worm-seed gss, tansy seed gss, valerian 3ij, jalap 3Jss, sulphate of potash with sulphur 3jss, oxymel of squills q. s. Med. Prop. Anthelmintic. 70 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Elemi. L., E., D. The concrete resinous juice of Amyris Ele- mifera. Med. Prop. Stimulant, like the turpentines. Use. Externally, in plasters. Elixir. This name is applied to certain compound tinctures, and other solutions of the active principles of drugs. Elixir Antivenereum. (Quincy.) Jesuits' Drops. Copaiva gj, guaiacum 3ij, oil of sassafras 3j, subcarbonate of potash 3ss, rectified spirit fgv; digest 3 days. Med. Prop. Alterative, stimulant, diuretic. Use. As an antisyphilitic. Elixir Longe Vite. Tinctura Rhei et Aloes. Elixir Paregoricum. Tinctura Opii Camphorata. Elixir Proprietatis. Tinctura Aloes et Myrrhse. Elixir Sacrum. Tinctura Rhei et Aloes. Elixir Salutis. Tinctura Sennse et Jalapse. Elixir Stomachicum. Tinctura Gentiani Composita. Elixir Vitrioli Acidum. Acidum Sulphuricum Aromaticum. Embrocationes. Embrocations do not materially differ from Lotions. See Lotio. Embrocatio contra Alopeciam. (Dr. E. Wilson.) Eau de Cologne fgij, tincture of cantharides f3ij, oil of rosemary ejjx, oil of lavender ejj x. Use. To promote the growth of the hair. Emetina Pura. P. Emetine. Dissolve 1 part of alcoholic extract of ipecacuanha in 10 parts of water, filter, add 1 part of calcined magnesia, evaporate to dryness with a gentle heat; wash the product in a filter with 4 or 5 parts of very cold water; dry it again, and treat it with boiling alcohol. Evaporate the filtered tincture, redissolve the residue in a little water acidu- lated with sulphuric acid, decolorize with animal charcoal, filter, precipitate with ammonia, and dry with a gentle heat. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 71 This is the active principle of ipecacuanha, but it is very seldom used in medicine. Emplastra. Plasters should be of such a consistency as to re- tain their form at the temperature of the body, merely becoming adhesive, without melting. The resins, gum-resins, &c, should be previously strained. In melting them, no greater heat than is necessary should be employed. Emplastrum Adhesivum. See Emplastrum Resinae. Emplastrum ^Eruginis. Corn Plaster. P. Yellow wax giv, Burgundy pitch ^ij, Venice turpentine %]. Melt together, add prepared verdigris 3j, and stir till nearly cold. Use. To soften and remove corns from the feet. Emplastrum Ammonie. Dr. Kirkland's Volatile Plaster. Scraped soap 3ij, head plaster ^ss; melt together, and when nearly cold, add finely powdered sal ammoniac 3ss. It should be renewed every 24 hours. Med. Prop. Discutient, and stimulant. Use. To chronic enlargements, &c. Emplastrum Ammoniaci. U S., L., E., D. Ammoniac gv, vinegar Oss; dissolve and strain, and evaporate the solution by means of a water-bath, stirring constantly until it becomes thick. Med. Prop. Stimulant and discutient. Use. To chronic swellings of the joints. Emplastrum Ammoniaci cum Hydrargyro. L., E., D. Tri- turate quicksilver ^iij with sulphuretted oil f3j, till the metallic globules disappear, and mix them with Ibj of strained ammoniac, melted with a gentle heat. Med. Prop. Stimulant and alterative ; it may salivate. Use. In chronic swellings, nodes, &c. Emplastrum Anodynum. See Emplastrum Opii. Emplastrum Anticancrosum. (Richter.) Extract of hem- lock gj, extract of henbane 3iv, powdered belladonna 3j, acetate of ammonia q. s.; mix. Use. Of supposed efficacy in cancer. 72 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Emplastrum Aromaticum. D. Strained frankincense (juice of Abies excelsa) ^iij, yellow wax ^ss; melt together, and when nearly cool, add powdered cinnamon 3vj, oil of pimento 3ij, oil of lemon 3ij- Med. Prop. Stimulant, and antiemetic. Use. Over the epigastrium, to relieve sickness. Emplastrum Assaf powdered gum Arabic §j; triturate, and add rose-water giv.—Dose, §ss. Med. Prop, and Use. An excellent form for administering the Balsum of Peru;—expectorant. Emulsio Camphore. Camphor 9j, sugar gss; rub together, and add blanched almonds gss; beat the whole into a smooth pulp, and gradually add water Oj, constantly stirring; then strain.—This is a very good form for administering camphor. Emulsio Copaibe. Copaiva gij, syrup and mucilage, each, 3j, water gxij. Triturate the copaiva with the mucilage and syrup, and gradually add the water. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Copaiba. Emulsio Cubebe. (W. Proctor.) Oleo-resinous extract of cubebs 3ij, powdered gum Arabic Jss, sugar 3J, water fjiijss; form into an emulsion.—Dose, a tablespoonful. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Cubebs. This is a very certain formula for use. Emulsio Simplex. P. Blanched almonds gj, sugar |jj, cold water gxxxij ; rub together in a mortar. Med. Prop, and Use. An agreeable demulcent. Enemata. Injections or clysters are almost always extempora- neous prescriptions. A few only are here noticed. Enema Aloes. L. Aloes 9ij, carbonate of potassa gr. xv, de- coction of barley Oss; mix, and rub them together. Use. To remove ascarides from the rectum; and in amenorrhcea. Enema Anodynum. See Enema Opii. Enema Astringens. See Enema Rhataniae. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 79 Enema Catharticum. E. Senna gss, boiling water fgxvj; infuse, strain, add sulphate of magnesia gss, sugar gj, olive oil 3j-—D. Manna gj, Comp. Decoct, of Chamomile fgx, olive oil gj, sulphate of magnesia gss. Med. Prop, and Use. An excellent and certain cathartic enema. Ene.ma Cevadille. (Soubeiran.) Cevadilla 3ij, water gx; boil to gvij, strain, and add milk Jviij. Use. To destroy ascarides. Enema Colocynthidis. L. Comp. extract of colocynth 9ij, soft soap gj, water Oj; mix and rub them together. Use. Whenever a very powerful purgative impression is required, as in obstinate colic. Enema Commune. (Guy's H.) Warm gruel fgxij, common salt gj; mix. Linseed oil fgij may be added. Med. Prop, and Use. A good laxative enema. Enema Fellis. (Dr. Clay.) Fresh ox-gall fgij, warm water fjiv. Use. To soften indurated faeces. Enema F boiling water Oj; macerate for 1 hour, in a covered vessel, and strain. Med. Prop. Astringent, stomachic. Use. An elegant mode of administering catechu, in diarrhoea, &c. Infusum Chirette. E. Chiretta %iv, boiling water Oj; in- fuse for 2 hours, and strain. Med. Prop. A pleasant simple bitter tonic. Use. In dyspepsia, and general debility. Infusum Cinchone. U S., L., E., D. Peruvian bark bruised gj, boiling water Oj ; macerate for 2 hours, in a covered vessel, and strain. It may also be advantageously prepared by perco- lation. [Z>. directs it to be prepared by macerating gj of bark in f^xij of cold water, for 24 hours.] Med. Prop. Those of Peruvian bark, but less powerful.—The D. process is the best. Use. In general debility, convalescence, &c. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 119 Infusum Cinchone Compositum. U. S. Powdered Peruvian bark |j, aromatic sulphuric acid f3j, cold water Oj ; macerate for 12 hours and strain. Med. Prop, and Use. An excellent form for administering Peru- vian bark. Infusum Colombe. U. S., D. [Infusum Calumbae, L., E.] Bruised columbo gss, boiling water Oj ; macerate for 2 hours, in a covered vessel, and strain. [E. directs it to be made by percolation with cold water, which is a better preparation.] Med. Prop. An excellent simple bitter tonic. Use. In dyspepsia, convalescence from acute diseases, cholera, and diarrhoea. Infusum Dauci. (Woodville.) Carrot seed 3j, boiling water Oj- Med. Prop, and Use. Diuretic; in dropsy. Infusum Digitalis. U. S., L., E., D. Dried foxglove leaves 3j, boiling water Oss [L., Oj]; macerate for 4 hours, in a covered vessel, and strain; then add tincture of cinnamon f^j. —Dose, f3ij to f3iv. Med. Prop, and Use. The same as Digitalis; a good form for administration. Infusum Diosme. U. S., L. [Infusum Buchu, E., D.] Buchu leaves 3j, boiling water Oj ; macerate for 4 hours, in a covered vessel, and strain. Med. Prop. Stimulant, diuretic, and diaphoretic. Use. In chronic affections of the bladder. Infusum Ergote. (Pereira.) Bruised ergot 3J, boiling water f^iv; macerate till cold.—For three doses. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Ergot. Infusum Eupatorii. U S. Dried thoroughwort (boneset) gj, boiling water Oj ; macerate for 2 hours in a covered vessel, and strain. Med. Prop. Diaphoretic and emetic in large warm draughts; tonic, when cold. Use. In catarrh and influenza; as a tonic, in dyspepsia, &c. 120 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Infusum Foeniculi. Fennel seed 3ij, boiling water Oj; in- fuse for half an hour. Med. Prop, and Use. As the aromatic seeds generally. Infusum Gentiane Compositum. U. S., L., D. [Infusum Gentianae, E.] Bruised Gentian root ^ss, dried bitter orange- peel and coriander seed, bruised, each 3J, diluted alcohol f|iv, cold water fjfxij. First pour on the alcohol, and three hours afterwards, the water; then macerate for 12 hours, and strain. Med. Prop. An excellent tonic, and stomachic. Use. In debility of the digestive organs, convalescence, and diarrhoea. Infusum Humuli. U. S. [Infusum Lupuli, L.] Hops gss, boiling water Oj; macerate for 2 hours, in a covered vessel, and strain. Med. Prop. Tonic; slightly narcotic. Use. In dyspepsia, and morbid vigilance;—very feeble. Infusum Juglandis. (M. Negrier.) Fresh walnut leaves 3j, boiling water f^xij ; infuse till cold, and strain.—Dose, f^iv 2 or 3 times a day. Use. In scrofula. Infusum Juniperi. (Pereira.) Bruised juniper berries £j, boiling water Oj ; macerate for 1 hour. Med. Prop. A mild diuretic. Use. As a drink in dropsy; usually as an adjuvant. Infusum Juniperi Compositum. (Guy's HI) Juniper berries ^ijss, boiling water Oj ; macerate for 2 hours, and strain ; then add compound spirit of juniper f3x, and bitartrate of potassa 3j [or more].—Dose, f^ij three times a day. Use. An excellent drink in dropsies. Infusum Kramerie. U. S., L. Bruised rhatany 3j, boiling water Oj ; macerate for 4 hours, in a covered vessel, and strain. [Better prepared by percolation, with cold water.] Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Krameria; an excellent astringent. Infusum Lini. U S., E. [Compositum, L., Z>.] Flaxseed gss, AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 121 bruised liquorice root %ij, boiling water Oj; macerate for 4 hours, in a covered vessel, and strain. Med. Prop. Demulcent. Use. In catarrhs, strangury, gonorrhoea, and diseases of the bladder and kidney. Infusum Maticonis. (Dr. H. Lane.) Leaves of matico ij, boiling water Oj; macerate for 2 hours, and strain. Med. Prop. Astringent. Infusum Melisse. Fresh balm 3v, boiling water Oj; infuse for a quarter of an hour. Med. Prop. Diaphoretic and emetic, when taken warm. Infusum Menthe Simplex. D. Dried mint 3ij, boiling water q. s. to yield fjvj of strained infusion; digest for half an hour, and strain. Med. Prop. A mild aromatic, carminative, and stomachic. Use. In nausea, slight colic, flatulence, and to cover the taste of other medicines. Infusum Menthe Compositum. D. Add to the last, when strained and cold, white sugar 3ij, oil of spearmint 3 drops dis- solved in comp. tine, of cardamom fjfss. Med. Prop, and Use. The same as the preceding, but stronger. Infusum Pareire. L., E. Pareira brava root 3VJ, boiling water Oj; macerate for 2 hours, and strain. Med. Prop. Tonic, diuretic, and aperient. Use. In chronic urinary disorders. Infusum Pruni Virginiane. Wild cherry bark, bruised, gss, cold water Oj ; macerate for 24 hours, and strain. [Also by percolation.] Med. Prop. A sedative tonic ; an excellent form of administra- tion. Use. In dyspepsia with excitement; in the colliquative sweats of phthisis. 11 122 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Infusum Quassie. U. S., L., E., D. Rasped quassia 3ij, cold water Oj ; macerate for 12 hours, and strain. Med. Prop. An excellent simple bitter infusion. Use. In dyspepsia, and general debility. Infusum Rhei. U. S., L., E., D. Bruised rhubarb root 3J, boiling water Oss; digest for 2 hours, in a covered vessel, and strain. [Any of the aromatics may advantageously be added.] Med. Prop. Purgative, and stomachic. Use. In constipation, and in diarrhoea. Infusum Rose Compositum. U. S., L. [Infusum Rosae, E.; Infusum Rosae Acidum, Dl] Dried red roses £ss, boiling water Oijss, diluted sulphuric acid f3iij; macerate for half an hour, in a glass vessel, strain, and add refined sugar 3jss. Med. Prop. Astringent, and refrigerant. Use. In hemorrhages, and colliquative sweats; also as a pleasant vehicle for saline medicines. Infusum Sal vie. Dried sage leaves gj, boiling water Oj; macerate for half an hour, and strain. Med. Prop. A mild astringent. Use. Chiefly as a gargle, in sore throat. Infusum Sanguinarie. Dried blood-root £ss, boiling water Oj ; infuse for half an hour, and strain. Med. Prop. Emetic, and diaphoretic. Infusum Sarsaparille. U. S. [Compositum, D.] Bruised sarsaparilla root 3j, boiling water Oj (lime-water Oj, Dl), digest for 2 hours (12, Dl), in a covered vessel, and strain. Med. Prop. Those of sarsaparilla;—an inferior preparation. Infusum Sassafras. Sassafras (bark of root) gss, boiling water Oj ; macerate for 6 hours. Med. Prop. Aromatic and alterative. Use. In chronic rheumatism, chronic skin diseases, and secondary syphilis;—of doubtful efficacy. Infusum Scoparii. L. Broom tops 3j, boiling water Oj; macerate for 4 hours, and strain. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 123 Med. Prop. Diuretic and cathartic. Use. As a drink in dropsy. Infusum Senege. E. Senega 3x, boiling water Oj; infuse for 4 hours, and strain. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Senega. Infusum Senne. U S., E. [Infusum Sennae Compositum, L., D.] Senna gj, bruised coriander 3j, boiling water Oj; macerate for an hour, in a covered vessel, and strain. (Or, senna gss, sulphate of magnesia and manna, each, gj, fennel seed 3j, boiling water Oss; infuse in a covered vessel till cool.)—Dose, one-third every 4 or 5 hours. Med. Prop, and Use. An admirable form for administering senna as a cathartic; the saline and aromatic obviating its griping effects. Infusum Senne cum Tamarindis, D. [Infusum Sennae Com- positum, E.] Senna 3j or 3ij, tamarinds 3j, bruised corian- der 3J, muscovado sugar 3 ss, boiling water f^viij; infuse for 4 hours, with occasional stirring, in a vessel not glazed with lead, and strain. Med. Prop, and Use. Much the same as the preceding. Infusum Serpentarie. U. S., L., E. Virginia Snake-root §ss, boiling water Oj. Macerate for 2 hours, in a covered vessel, and strain. Med. Prop, and Use. As Serpentaria;—the ordinary form for administration. Infusum Sesami. (Wood.) Two fresh bene leaves infused in f^viij of cold water form a mucilaginous demulcent drink. (Dried leaves require hot water.) Use. In diarrhoeas and dysentery of children, and cholera in- fantum. Infusum Simarube. L., E., D. Bruised simaruba bark 3iij, boiling water Oj; macerate for 2 hours, in a covered vessel and strain. Med. Prop, and Use. Similar to Infusum Quassiae. 124 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Infusum Spigelie. U. S. Pink-root gss, boiling water Oj; macerate for 2 hours in a covered vessel, and strain. Med. Prop. Anthelmintic. Use. A common method of administering pink-root as a vermi- fuge. Infusum Spigelie cum Senna. As the last, with 3ivof senna. —Dose, for a child 3 years old, f^ss to f^j. Use. A better form than the last. Infusum Tabaci. U. S., D. [Enema Tabaci, L., E.] Tobacco leaves 3J, boiling water Oj; macerate for an hour, in a covered vessel, and strain. Use. As an injection, in strangulated hernia, &c. Infusum Tanaceti. (Pereira.) Fresh tansy gj to gij, boiling water Oj ; infuse and strain. Med. Prop. Anthelmintic, and emmenagogue. Use. A popular remedy in amenorrhoea. Infusum Ulmi. U. S. Slippery elm bark, sliced and bruised, ^j, boiling water Oj ; macerate for 2 hours, in a covered vessel and strain. Med. Prop. Demulcent. Use. As Infusum Lini. Infusum Valeriane. U. S., L., D. Valerian gss, boiling water Oj; macerate for an hour, in a covered vessel, and strain. Med. Prop, and Use. As Valeriana;—a common method of admi- nistration. Infusum Zingiberis. (Wood.) Bruised ginger gss, boiling water Oj ; macerate for 2 hours, and strain. Med. Prop. Stimulant, carminative, and stomachic. Use. In mild colic, flatulence, nausea, and debility of stomach. Inula. U. S. (Sec), L. [Inula Helenium, D.] Elecampane. The root of Inula Helenium. Med. Prop. Tonic, diuretic, and expectorant. Use. In dyspepsia, chronic diseases of the lungs, amenorrhoea, &c. Iodinum. U. S. [Iodinium, L., D. ; Iodineum, D.] Iodine is AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 125 prepared by lixiviating kelp, and removing the crystallizable salts by successive evaporations; dry the mother liquor, and heat the residuum with one-tenth its weight of powdered per- oxide of manganese, in an iron pot, constantly stirring. Dis- solve it in water to obtain a solution of sp. gr. 1-334; pass through it a current of chlorine, avoiding excess; wash the deposit with a little water, and distil it in a glass retort. (P.) Med. Prop. Stimulant, absorbent, alterative, and emmenagogue. Use. In scrofula, bronchocele, glandular swellings, tertiary syphilis, chronic rheumatism.—Used only in solution. Ipecacuanha. U. S., L., E. [Cephaelis Ipecacuanha, D.] The root of Cephaelis Ipecacuanha. Med. Prop. Emetic, in full dose; alterative, diaphoretic, and ex- pectorant, in small doses. Use. A prompt and efficient, though mild emetic;—in dysentery, pulmonary diseases, &c. Dais Florentina. U S. (Sec.) Orris-root. The rhizoma of Iris Florentina. Med. Prop. Cathartic, diuretic, and in large doses, emetic. Use. At present, chiefly for its agreeable odour. Iris Versicolor. U. S. (Sec.) Blue Flag. The rhizoma of Iris versicolor. Med. Prop. Cathartic, as the preceding. Jalapa. U. S., L., E., D. The root of Ipomoea Jalapa. Med. Prop. An active hydragogue cathartic. Use. In dropsy, combined with cream of tartar;—often with calomel. Juglans. U. S. The inner bark of the root of Juglans cinerea, or Butternut. Med. Prop. Cathartic, resembling rhubarb. [The leaves of Ju- glans regia are recommended by Negrier, in scrofula.] Juniperus. U. S., L., E., D. Juniper Berries. The fruit of Juniperus communis. 11* 126 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Med. Prop. Gently stimulant, and diuretic. Use. As an adjuvant, in dropsy. Juniperus Virginiana. U. S. (Sec.) Red Cedar. The tops of Juniperus Virginiana. Med. Prop. Very similar to Savine (Juniperus Sabina). Kali. See Potassa. Kermes Minerale. See Antimonii Sulphuretum Precipitatum. Kino. U. S., L., E., D. An extract (or inspissated juice), ob- tained from an uncertain plant. Med. Prop. One of the best astringents for internal use. Use. In diarrhoea, chronic dysentery, passive hemorrhages, &c; also externally. Krameria. U. S., L., E. [Rhatania, D.] Rhatany. The root of Krameria triandra. Med. Prop, and Use. Very similar to those of Kino. Applied also to spongy gums, and as an injection, in fissure of the anus. Lac Amygdale. See Mistura Amygdalae. Lac Assafcetide. See Mistura Assafoetidae. Lac Sulphuris. See Sulphur Precipitatum. Lacmus. L., E. [Litmus, D.] Litmus. A peculiar colouring matter, from Roccella tinctoria. Use. To impart a red colour, and as a test for acids. Lactucarium. U. S., L., E. The inspissated juice of Lactuca sativa [and L. virosa, E.] Med. Prop. Narcotic, anodyne. Use. As a mild substitute for opium, especially in pulmonary affections. It does not check the secretions. Lapis Divinus. P. Sulphate of copper giij, nitre 3iij, alum giij; fuse them together, stir in 3j of powdered camphor, and pour it out on an oiled slab. Used in lotions, eye-waters, &c.—Pulegnat recommends the fol- lowing in recent contusions: alum gij, sal ammoniac, verdigris, AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 127 and sulphate of zinc, each, 3J; mix, and melt with a gentle heat. A piece the size of a nut to be dissolved in a quart of water. The Lapis Vulnerarius of some formularies is nearly the same. Laudanum Sydenhami. See Vinum Opii. Lauri Bacce et Folia. L., D. Berries and leaves of the Bay Tree (Laurus Nobilis). Med. Prop. Excitant and narcotic;—not used as a medicine. Lauro-Cerasus. E. [Prunus Lauro-Cerasus, D.] Leaves of Prunus Lauro-Cerasus, or Cherry Laurel. Med. Prop, and Use. Similar to Hydrocyanic Acid. Lavandula. U S., L., E. [Lavandula Spica, D.] The flowers of Lavandula vera, or Lavender. Med. Prop. A delightful aromatic, tonic, and carminative. Use. Chiefly in the form of oil (Oleum Lavandulae); also as a perfume. Limatura Ferri. See Ferri Limatura. Limatura Stanni. See Pulvis Stanni. Limon. U S. [Limones, L., E., D.] Lemons. The fruit of Citrus Limonum. Used for their juice, and rind. Limonis Cortex. U S. [Limonum Cortex, L., E., D.] Lemon- Peel. The outer rind of the fruit of Citrus Limonum. Med. Prop. A mild stimulant, and tonic. Use. Chiefly as an adjuvant to stomachic infusions. Limonadum. Lemonade. Cut 2 lemons in slices, pour on them Ojss of boiling water; infuse for an hour, in a covered vessel, then add ^ij of white sugar, and strain. Or, citric acid 3J, rubbed up with 2 drops of oil of lemons, sugar gij, water Ojss. Med. Prop, and Use. An agreeable refrigerant drink, in fevers. Limonadum Aeratum. Put f^j of syrup of lemons in each bottle, and fill up with aerated water. Med. Prop, and Use. As the former. Limonadum Magnesie Laxativum. (Mialhe.) Calcined magnesia 3ij, citric acid 3VJSS> water f£x. Heat to boiling, and filter, whilst hot, into a pint bottle containing |ij of syrup 128 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. of lemon-peel, and fill up with (aerated) water. This contains 3xij of citrate of magnesia, equal in effect to 3j of the sulphate. [See Haustus Magnesiae Citratis.] Limonadum Sulphuricum. (M. Gendrin.) Sulphuric acid gtt. xl, water Oj; mix. Med. Prop. Refrigerant, tonic, and astringent. Use. Chiefly as a prophylactic, in colica pictonum. Linctus Acidus. (Dr. Copland.) Honey of roses 3*, muriatic acid ejjxx, syrup of red poppies 3ij- Use. A soothing antiseptic application to ulcerated throats. Linctus Boracis. (U. C. HI) Borax 3iij, honey 3j; melt, and stir together; then add syrup 3j.—Dr. Copland. Spermaceti 3ijss, compound powder of tragacanth 3iij, syrup of tolu £j, borax 3ijss, confection of roses 3v, syrup of marsh-mallows q. s. Use. In cases of inflamed throat, or aphthous mouth. Linctus Ipecacuanhe. (Dr. Copland.) Oil of almonds f|j, syrup of lemons f^j, ipecacuanha gr. vj, confection of hips |j, compound powder of tragacanth 3iij- Use. In coughs. Linctus Myrrhe et Ipecacuanhe. (Dr. Copland.) Myrrh 3J, ipecacuanha gr. vj, mucilage, syrup of marsh-mallows, and oxymel of squill, each, 3yj. Use. In coughs, and irritation of the throat. Linctus Oleosus. (U C. H.) Oil of almonds fgj, syrup of poppies f^j, powdered tragacanth 3iij. Use. As the preceding. Linctus Opiatus. (Guy's HI) Tincture of opium f^ij, dilute sulphuric acid f3ijss, treacle f^viij, water fgiij.—Dose, a tea- spoonful occasionally. Linctus Pectoralis. (Dr. Ryan.) Oxymel of squill, mucilage of acacia, and simple syrup, equal quantities. Use. In pectoral affections. Linctus Potasse Nitratis. (Guy's H.) Nitre 3jss, honey of roses f§j, oxymel f^ss.—Dose, a teaspoonful occasionally. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 129 Linctus Rose. Confection of roses |ij, dilute sulphuric acid f3J, compound tincture of camphor f3xij. Use. As an astringent and refrigerant, in colliquative sweats and hemorrhage. Linctus Scille. Oil of almonds gij, oxymel of squills gj. Use. As a demulcent and expectorant, in coughs. Linctus Terebinthine. (Recamier.) Oil of turpentine 3ij, honey of roses %iy. Use. A pleasant mode of administering oil of turpentine. Linimenta. Liniments. These are oleaginous preparations in- tended for external use; usually applied by gentle friction with the hand. Linimentum Album. Rectified oil of turpentine gij, solution of ammonia 3ij, soap liniment f iij, spirit of rosemary 3j ; mix in the above order, and gradually add distilled vinegar ^viij, con- stantly agitating it. Use. For chapped hands. Linimentum Albuminis. (Dr. Christison.) Equal parts of white of eggs, and rectified spirit, agitated together. Use. In excoriation from pressure. Linimentum Ammonie. U S., L., E., D. Volatile Liniment. Solution of ammonia f^j, [f3ij, D.,] olive oil f|ij ; mix. Use. A mild rubefacient to the throat and chest, especially of children, in catarrh or bronchitis. Linimentum Ammonie Compositum. D. (Dr. Granville's counter irritants.) Strong solution of ammonia of sp. gr. -880 f^v, tincture of camphor f^ij, spirit of rosemary f^j ; mix. Used to produce a speedy rubefacient effect. Linimentum Anodynum. D. See Linimentum Opii. Linimentum Belladonne. (Biett.) Extract of belladonna 3ij, lime-water ^viij, oil of almonds ^iv.—Rangue. Extract. Belladonnae 9ij, cherry-laurel water ^ij, sulphuric ether fij ; mix. Use. In eczema, &c. 130 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Linimentum Belladonne Compositum. (Guy's HI) Extract of belladonna §j, soap liniment f^viij ; mix. Use. As a local anodyne, in neuralgia, sprains, &c. Linimentum Calcis. U. S., E., D. Mix together equal quan- tities of lime-water and linseed oil. Used for burns. Linimentum Calcis Opiatum. (Germ. HI) Lime-water 3hj, oil of almonds 3iij, extract of opium gr. j. Use. For sore nipples. Linimentum Camphore. U S., L., E. [Oleum Camphoratum, D.] Camphor 3j, olive oil f^iv; dissolve. Use. In rheumatism and gout; it is the mildest of the campho- rated liniments. Linimentum Camphore Compositum. L., D. Solution of ammonia f^vijss, spirit of lavender Oj ; mix, and distil Oj; then dissolve in it camphor §ijss. Med. Prop. Stimulant, and anodyne. Use. In sprains and bruises, chronic rheumatism, and indolent swellings. Linimentum Cantharidis. U. S. Powdered cantharides |j, oil of turpentine f^viij ; digest for 3 hours in a water-bath, and strain. Med. Prop. Powerfully epispastic. Use. In very prostrate states of the system. Linimentum Capsici. (Dr. Copland.) Compound camphor liniment f£j, volatile liniment f^j, tincture of capsicum fjiij; mix. Use. As the last. Linimentum Chlorinatum. (Kopp.) Solution of chloride of lime 3yj, olive oil 3jss. Used in inveterate itch, &c. Linimentum Crotonis. (Pereira.) One part of croton oil to 5 of olive oil. Med. Prop, and Use. A convenient mode of applying croton oil to the skin. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 131 Linimentum Digitalis. (Dr. Royle.) Infusion of digitalis ff ij, water of ammonia f^ij, oil of poppy-seed f3iv. To be rubbed on the abdomen 3 or 4 times a day, to procure the con- stitutional effect of digitalis. Linimentum Hydrargyri Compositum. L. Camphor |j, rectified spirit f3J; rub together, and add strong mercurial oint- ment and lard, each, ^iv, solution of ammonia f^iv; mix. Med. Prop. Stimulant, resolvent, and absorbent. Use. To glandular swellings, and chronic tumours. Linimentum Iodinii. (Dr. Manson.) Liniment of opium f£j, tincture of iodine f3j; mix. Use. As an anodyne resolvent, in painful scrofulous swellings. Linimentum Opii. L., E. [Linimentum Saponis cum Opio, vel Liniment. Anodynum, D.] Soap liniment f^vj, tincture of opium f£ ij; mix. Linimentum Saponis Camphoratum. U S. [Linimentum Saponis Compositum, L., D.] Opodeldoc. Common white soap 3iij, digest with alcohol Oj, by means of a sand-bath, till dissolved; then add camphor §j, oil of rosemary and oil of origanum, each, f3J; dissolve. Med. Prop. A very good anodyne liniment for sprains, bruises, and rheumatic pains. Linimentum Simplex. E. Olive oil f^iv, white wax %y, melt together. Use. As a protective to the skin, in cold weather. Linimentum Sulphuris cum Sapone. (Lugol.) Soap giij, water ^vj ; dissolve by a gentle heat, and add sulphur giij.. Med. Prop, and Use. As Unguentum Sulphuris. Linimentum Sulphuris Iodidi. (E. Wilson.) Iodide of sul- phur 3ss, olive oil |j ; triturate together. Med. Prop, and Use. As Unguentum Sulphuris Iodidi. Linimentum Terebinthine. U S., L., D. [Linimentum Terebinthinatum, E.] Oil of turpentine Oss, resin cerate, melted, Ibj; mix. (Dr. Kentish's application to burns.) 132 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Linimentum Veratrie. (Brande.) Veratria gr. viij, alco- hol f3iv, soap liniment f3iv; mix. Use. As an application in neuralgia. Linum. U. S. [Lini Semina, L. ; Lini Farina, E. ; Linum Usita- tissimum, D.] Flaxseed. The seeds (meal of the seeds, El) of Linum usitatissimum. Med. Prop. Demulcent, emollient. Use. For internal use;—see Infusum Lini. The ground seeds are much employed for making an emollient poultice, by simply mixing with boiling water. Liquor Acidi Citrici. Artificial lemon-juice. Citric acid 3ixss, oil of lemons 4 or 5 drops; rub together, and dissolve in f^xvj of water. Med. Prop, and Use. As Succus Limonum. Liquor Ammonie. U. S., L. [Ammoniae Aqua, E.; Ammoniae Causticae Aqua, D.~] Solution of Ammonia. Sal-ammoniac, in powder, Ibj, lime Ibj; slake the lime in f^ix of water, and mix with it the sal-ammoniac. Introduce it into a glass retort fitted to a receiver containing Oj of distilled water. Distil, by means of a sand-bath, till ammonia ceases to come over. Add to every f^ of the distilled liquor f^iijss of distilled water, or so much as may be requisite to raise the sp. gr. to 0 96. [It may also be made by mixing 1 part of the stronger solution of ammonia with 2 parts of distilled water.] Med. Prop. Stimulant and antacid, internally;—externally, rube- facient. Use. Internally, in heartburn and sick headache;—externally, as Linimentum Ammoniae. Liquor Ammonie Fortior. Pass gaseous ammonia (from slaked lime and sal-ammoniac) into water kept very cold, till the sp. gr. of the solution is -882. Use. Only externally to form very strong rubefacient and vesi- cating lotions and liniments. Liquor Ammonie Acetatis. U S., L. [Ammoniae Acetatis Aqua, E., D.~\ Spirit of Mindererus. Add carbonate (ses- AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 133 quicarbonate) of ammonia to dilute acetic acid, until it is satu- rated. Med. Prop. Diaphoretic, diuretic; externally, discutient. Use. In fevers and inflammatory disorders; externally, in sprains, bruises, and porrigo of scalp. Liquor Anodynus Hoffmani. See Spiritus Athens Sulphu- rici Compositus. Liquor Arsenicalis. See Liquor Potassae Arsenitis. Liquor Arseniatis Sode. Pearson's Arsenical Solution. Arseniate of soda gr. iv, distilled water f^iv.—Dose, tn»xij to ejjxxx, in the day. Med. Prop, and Use. Similar to Liquor Potassae Arsenitis. Liquor Arsenici et Hydrargyri Hydriodatis. Donovan's Solution. Triturate 6-08 grains of metallic arsenic, 15-38 grains of mercury, and 50 grains of iodine, with fjj, of alcohol, till dry; mix the powder with f^viij of distilled water; put them into a flask with 3ss of hydriodic acid (prepared by the acidification of gr. ij of iodine), and boil for a few minutes. When cold, add water to make up the mixture exactly fgviij.— Dose, 5 to 20 drops 3 times a day. Use. In chronic cutaneous diseases, chronic rheumatism, and syphilitic nodes. Liquor Calcis. U. S., L. [Aqua Calcis, E., D.] Lime-water. Pour Cong, j of distilled water on |iv of freshly slaked lime; stir them together, and immediately cover the vessel, and set it aside for 3 hours. Keep the solution, together with the un- dissolved lime, in closely-stopped bottles, and pour off when wanted for use. Med. Prop. Antacid, astringent, and tonic. Use. In dyspepsia and diarrhoea with acidity; combined with milk, in nausea and vomiting; and where there is excess of lithic acid. Liquor Cupri Sulphatis Compositus. Aqua Styptica. Sul- phate of copper 3iij, alum ^ij, sulphuric acid gij, water fjxxiv. Use. As an external application in hemorrhages. 12 134 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Liquor Disinfectans. The solutions of chloride (hypochlorite) of lime and chloride (hypochlorite) of soda are so named. The name has also been applied to other disinfecting solutions. Liquor Ferri Iodidi. U. S. [Ferri Iodidi Syrupus, E.] Mix §ij of iodine with f^x of distilled water, in a porcelain or glass vessel, and add 3j of iron filings, stirring constantly. Heat the mixture gently till it acquires a greenish tint; then add f| v of prepared honey, continue the heat for a short time, and filter. Lastly, pour distilled water on the filter until enough has passed to make up the whole f^xx.—Dose, gtt. xx to xxx. Use. See Ferri Iodidum;—an excellent form for administration. Liquor Fowleri. See Liquor Potassae Arsenitis. Liquor Hydrargyri Bichloridi. Van Sudeten's Liquor. Bichloride of mercury gr. x, sal ammoniac gr. x, distilled water Oj; dissolve. It contains 1 gr. of sublimate in fjij.—Dose, f3ss to f3ij- Med. Prop. Alterative. Use. In secondary syphilis, and chronic skin diseases. Liquor Iodini Compositus. U. S. [Iodinei Liquor Compositus, E.; Liquor Potassii Iodidi Compositus, L.] Iodine 3vj, iodide of potassium ^jss; dissolve them in Oj of distilled water. [This corresponds in strength with Lugol's Concentrated Solution of Iodinei]—Dose, 6 drops 3 times a day. (The preparations of the L. and E. Phars. are much weaker.) Med. Prop, and Use. A very good form of administering iodine, in scrofula, &c. Liquor Magnesie Carbonatis. Murray's or Dinneford's Liquid Magnesia is prepared by passing carbonic acid gas into a reservoir containing carbonate of magnesia suspended in water. (They contain about 9 grains in the fluid ounce.) Med. Prop. Laxative, and antacid. Liquor Magnesie Citratis. See Haustus Magnesiae Citratis. Liquor Morphie Sulphatis. U. S. A solution containing gr, j of sulphate of morphia to f^j of water. Med, Prop, and Use, A convenient form of administering morphia. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 135 Liquor Opii Sedativus. (Battley's.) Macerate opium in distilled water for a long time, at a moderate temperature, and add a little spirit to the filtered solution. [Dr. Christison states that tr^xx of the solution is equal to rnjxxx of laudanum.] Med. Prop, and Use. As laudanum, over which it has no ad- vantage. Liquor Picis. See Aqua Picis Liquidae. Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis. U S. [Liquor Plumbi Diace- tatis, L.; Plumbi Diacetatis Solutio, E.] Goulard's Extract of Lead. Acetate of lead ^xvj, semivitrified oxide of lead (litharge), powdered finely, ^ixss, distilled water Oiv; boil together in a glass or porcelain vessel for half an hour, occa- sionally adding distilled water to preserve the measure; filter through paper, and preserve in closely-stopped bottles. Med. Prop. Externally, cooling, astringent, and sedative. Use. Diluted, to sprains, bruises, excoriations, burns, and irri- table ulcers. Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis DilUtus. U S. [Liquor Plumbi Diacetatis Dilutus, L.; Plumbi Subacetatis Liquor Compositus, D.] Lead-water. Mix f3ij of the preceding with Oj of dis- tilled water. Med. Prop, and Use. The same as the preceding. Liquor Potasse. U. S., L. [Aqua Potassae, E.; Aqua Po- tassae Causticae, D.] Take of carbonate of potassa Ibj, lime ibss, boiling distilled water Cong. j. Dissolve the carbonate of po- tassa in Cong, ss of the water; pour a little of the water on the lime, and when slaked, add the remainder. Mix the hot liquors, and boil for 10 minutes, stirring constantly; set the mixture aside, in a covered vessel, until it becomes clear. Lastly, pour off the supernatant liquor, and preserve it in well-stopped bottles. Med. Prop. Antacid, diuretic, and antilithic. Use. In some forms of dyspepsia, in the lithic acid diathesis, in lepra, and psoriasis. Liquor Potasse Arsenitis. U S., L. [Liquor Arsenicalis, E., D.] Fowler's Solution of Arsenic Boil together 64 grs. 136 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. of arsenious acid and pure carbonate of potassa, each, in f^xij of distilled water, till the acid is entirely dissolved. When cold, add compound spirit of lavender f^ss, and distilled water q. s. to make up the measure of 1 pint. [Each f3 contains gr. ss of arsenious acid.]—Dose, 10 drops, 3 times a day, after eating. Med. Prop. Tonic, in minute doses; antiperiodic, and alterative. Use. In obstinate intermittent fever, periodical headache; in chronic skin diseases, especially those of a scaly character. Liquor Potasse Carbonatis. U. S., L. [Potassae Carbonatis Aqua, D.] Dissolve ibj of carbonate of potassa in f^xij of water; filter. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Carbonate of Potassa. Liquor Potasse Chlorinate. Eau de Javclle. Dissolve 1 part of subcarbonate of potassa in 8 or 10 parts of water, and pass chlorine gas through it, until fully saturated. Med. Prop, and Use. Much the same as Liquor Sodae Chlorinatae. Liquor Potasse Citratis. U S. Neutral Mixture. Saline Mixture. Fresh lemon juice Oss; add carbonate of potassa q. s. to saturate; filter. Or, citric acid gss, oil of lemons ttjjij j rub together, and then dissolve in water Oss; then add carbonate of potassa q. s. to completely saturate, and filter.—Dose, f^ss. Med. Prop. Refrigerant, and diaphoretic. Use. An excellent diaphoretic, in febrile and inflammatory dis- eases. Liquor Potasse Effervescens. L. [Potassae Aqua Effer- vescens, EH] Aerated Potash Water. Dissolve 3j of bicarbonate of potash in Oj of distilled water, and pass into it, by pressure, carbonic acid, more than sufficient for saturation. Med. Prop, and Use. An agreeable form of administering bicar- bonate of potash. Liquor Sode Chlorinate. U. S., L. Labarraque's Disin- fecting Liquid. Dissolve ibij of carbonate of soda in Oiij of water, with the aid of heat. Add chlorinated lime, well tritu- rated, Ibj, to water Oix; when the dregs have subsided, decant the clear liquor, and mix it with the solution of carbonate of AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 137 soda. Lastly, decant the clear liquor from the precipitated car- bonate of lime, strain it through a linen cloth, and preserve in bottles from the light. [L. directs chlorine gas (prepared at the time by the addition of sulphuric acid to chloride of sodium and peroxide of manganese), through a solution of carbonate of soda.] Med. Prop. Astringent, antiseptic. Use. In low forms of disease; chiefly externally, as a gargle, when properly diluted, in sloughing of the throat; also as a dis- infectant. Liquor Sode Effervescens. L. [Sodae Aqua Effervescens, E.] Sesquicarbonate of soda 3J, distilled water Oj; dissolve, and force by pressure an excess of carbonic acid into the solution. [Or, extemporaneously, by putting 3ss of sesquicarbonate of soda into a bottle of carbonic acid water.] Med. Prop, and Use. An agreeable mode of administering car- bonate of soda. Liriodendron. U. S. (Sec) Tulip-tree Bark. The bark of Liriodendron tulipifera. Med. Prop. Stimulant, tonjc, and diaphoretic. Use. Has been employed as a substitute for Peruvian bark. Lobelia. U. S., L., E. The herb Lobelia inflata. Med. Prop. Emetic, narcotic, sedative. Use. Chiefly in spasmodic asthma. Lobelina. The active alkaline narcotic principle of Lobelia. It strongly resembles nicotina, the active principle of tobacco. Not used medicinally. Lotio Aceti. One part of vinegar with 3 of water, is a common preparation for sponging the skin, in the hot stage of fevers. Lotio Alkalina. P. Subcarbonate of potash ^ij, water (or rose-water) Oij. Use. As a wash in cutaneous diseases;—it may be used stronger. Lotio Alkalina Amygdalina. (Dr. A. T. Thomson.) Solu- tion of potash f3iv, emulsion of bitter almonds f^vss. 12* 138 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Use. To remove the scurf in porrigo furfurans; afterwards ap- plied twice a day, diluted with warm water. Lotio ad Alopeciam. (Dr. Landerer.) Bay leaves gij, cloves 3ij, spirit of lavender 3|iv, spirit of origanum £iv. Digest for 6 days, strain, and add sulphuric ether %ss. Use. Applied by friction, to prevent the hair falling off. [Mr. E. Wilson prescribes eau de Cologne f^ij, tincture of cantharides f^ss, oil of nutmeg f3ss, oil of lavender ejjx.] Lotio Ammonie Hydrochloratis Spirituosa. Sal ammo- niac §j, distilled vinegar f^ij, rectified spirit f^ij, water f^xvj. Use. For contusions, chronic tumours, &c. Lotio Ammoniata Fortior. Granville's Stronger Counter- irritant. Strongest solution of ammonia f3x, spirit of rose- mary f^ss, spirit of camphor f^ij; mix. Lotio Ammoniata Mitior. Granville's Weaker Counter- irritant. Strongest solution of ammonia f^j, spirit of rosemary f3vj, spirit of camphor f3ij ; mix. [The above preparations produce prompt vesication, if linen or flannel, several folds thick, be impregnated with them, and then pressed upon the surface for a very few minutes.] Lotio Antiphlogistica. (Copland.) Liquid diacetate of lead (Goulard's Extract), 3yj, solution of acetate of am- monia ^iv, distilled water Oij. Med. Prop, and Use. Sedative, cooling, and resolvent; in bruises, painful tumours, and swellings. Lotio Arnice. Either the infusion of arnica flowers may be used; or the tincture, in the proportion of 10 to 30 drops to f|j of water. Use. In bruises, contusions, &c. Lotio Boracis. Borax 3ss, rose-water Oj; or borax 3j, water §iij, rectified spirit ^ss. (Sir A. Cooper.) Use. As a wash in chronic scaly diseases of the skin, also in aphthous ulcerations of the mouth of children. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 139 Lotio Boracis Acida. (Dr. Abercrombie.) Borax 3j, dis- tilled vinegar fgij. Use. In ringworm of the scalp. Lotio Boracis cum Morphia. (Dr. C. D. Meigs.) Borax gss, sulphate of morphia gr. vj, rose-water fgviij. Use. In pruritus vulvae. Lotio Chlorinata. Liquid chlorinated soda gj, water £x to gxv. Med. Prop, and Use. As Liquor Sodae Chlorinatae. Lotio Evaporans. (Copland.) Ether fjjss, solution of ace- tate of ammonia f^jss, rectified spirit fgjss, rose-water fgiijss. Med. Prop. Refrigerant. Use. In external inflammations, &c. Lotio Ferri Sulphatis. (Velpeau.) Sulphate of iron gj, water Oj. Use. In erysipelas. Lotio Glycerini. (Mr. Startin.) Glycerine gss, water Oss. Med. Prop. Emollient; by some supposed to exert a specific in- fluence. Use. In certain skin diseases, as eczema and lichen; also to the meatus externus in deafness depending on a want of secretion of cerumen. Lotio Hydrargyri Cinerea. Black Wash. Calomel 3ijss, lime-water Oj ; shake together. Use. As a dressing to chancres, and other venereal ulcers. Lotio Hydrargyri Flava. Yellow Wash. Corrosive sublimate gr. xxv, lime-water Oj ; rub together. Use. As the preceding. Lotio Myrrhe. (Dr. Kirkland.) Tincture of myrrh gij, lime-water ^ij. Use. To fungous growths. Lotio Nigra. See Lotio Hydrarg. Cinerea. Lotio Plumbi Diacetatis. See Liquor Plumb. Subacetat. Dilutus. 140 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Lotio Sode Chlorinate. Solution of chlorinated soda |jss, water f^xij. Med. Prop, and Use. As Liquor Sodae Chlorinatae. Lupulina. Lupulin is the orange-yellow powder procured by rubbing and sifting the dried hops. Med. Prop, and Use. It possesses all the tonic and narcotic pro- perties of hops, for which it is advantageously substituted; also antaphrodisiac. Lycopus. U. S. (Sec.) Bugle-weed. The herb of Lycopus Vir- ginicus. Med. Prop. A mild narcotic, and diaphoretic. Use. To quiet coughs. Magnesia. U S., L., E., D. Magnesia Usta. Calcined Mag- nesia. Calcine carbonate of magnesia at a red heat for 2 hours, or till the carbonic acid is expelled. [By trituration it becomes heavier.] Med. Prop. Antacid, and laxative. Use. In dyspepsia with acidity, diarrhoea of children, gout, and lithiasis. Magnesie Carbonas. U S., L., E., D. Magnesia Alba. Pre- pared by decomposing sulphate of magnesia by carbonate of soda. Med. Prop, and Use. Similar to the preceding. Magnesie Carbonas Ponderosa. (Dr. Pereira.) Heavy Magnesia. Add 1 volume of a cold saturated solution of car- bonate of soda to a boiling mixture of 1 volume of a saturated solution of sulphate of magnesia, and 3 volumes of water. Boil until effervescence has ceased, constantly stirring with a spatula. Then dilute with boiling water, set aside, pour off the superna- tant liquor, and wash the precipitate with hot water on a linen cloth, and dry it by heat in an iron pot. Med. Prop. Similar to the preceding. Magnesie Citras. See Haustus Magnesiae Citratis. Magnesie Phosphas. (Nieumann.) Add to diluted phos- phoric acid pure magnesia, or its carbonate, to saturation; evaporate to dryness.—Dose, 8 to 30 grs., in rickets. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 141 Magnesie Sulphas. U S., L., E., D. Epsom Salts. The commercial sulphate, obtained from bittern or from magnesian limestone, is usually sufficiently pure. In the U. S. it is exten- sively manufactured from a native magnesite, a silicious hydrate of magnesia. Med. Prop. Cathartic, and refrigerant. Use. In fevers and inflammatory disorders generally. Magnolia. U S. (Sec) The bark of Magnolia glauca, M. acuminata, and M. tripetala. Med. Prop. Gently stimulant, tonic, and diaphoretic. Use. In chronic rheumatism, typhoid remittents, and gastric de- bility. Malva. L., E. Common Mallow. (Malva sylvestris.) Med. Prop. Emollient. Use. Much the same as Linum. Manna. U. S., L., E., D. The concrete juice of Ornus Euro- paea. Med. Prop. A mild laxative; apt to gripe. Use. As a purgative for children; but chiefly as an adjunct to other cathartics. Mannita. Mannite is procured by boiling manna in alcohol, allowing the solution to cool, and redissolving the crystalline precipitate. It is the purgative principle of manna.—Dose, half that of manna. Maranta. US.,L.,E. Arrow-root. The fecula of the rhizoma of Maranta arundinacea. Med. Prop Nutritious, and demulcent. Use. Mixed with boiling water, or milk, it forms an excellent diet for infants and convalescents. Marmor. U S., L. E. [Marmor Album, D.] White granular carbonate of lime, or pure marble. Use. To procure carbonic acid gas. Marrubium. U S. (Sec), L. Eorehound. The herb of Mar- rubium vulgare. Med. Prop. Tonic; diaphoretic in hot infusion. Use. In debility of the digestive organs, and in catarrhs. 142 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Mastiche. L., E., D. The concrete resinous exudation of Pis- tachia Lentiseus. Med. Prop. Stimulant; not used internally. Matricaria. U S. (Sec) German Chamomile. The flower of Matricaria Chamomilla. Med. Prop, and Use. Similar to those of Anthemis. Mel. U. S., L., E., D. Honey is a liquid prepared from flowers by the bee (Apis mellifica). Med. Prop. Demulcent, and laxative. Use. As a vehicle for other medicines. Mel Despumatum. U S., D. Clarified Honey. Melt any quantity of honey by means of a water-bath, removing the scum. Mel Preparatum. U. S. Clarified honey Oss, diluted alcohol Oj, prepared chalk ^ss. Mix the honey and alcohol together, add the chalk, and let it stand for 2 hours, occasionally stirring it; then heat to ebullition, filter, and evaporate, by means of a water-bath, till its density is 1-32, when cold. Use. Only in pharmacy, in the preparation of the protosalts of iron. Mellita. Preparations with Honey. Mellitum Simplex. P. White honey Ibvj, water Ibij; dissolve by heat, skim, and, when the boiling solution attains a density of 1-261, strain through flannel. Mel Boracis. L., E., D. Powdered borax 3J, clarified honey Ij; mix. Med. Prop, and Use. A very common and excellent mode of applying borax to the aphthous mouths of children; also to the throat. Mel Scille Compositum. Coxe's Hive Syrup.—Syrupus Scillae Compositus is now substituted for it. Mel Rose. U. S., L., E., D. Red roses £ ij, boiling water Ojss; macerate for 2 hours, and strain; then add clarified honey Oij, and evaporate by means of a water-bath to a proper con- sistence. Med. Prop. Slightly astringent. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 143 Use. A pleasant ingredient to gargles. Melissa. U S. (Sec), E., D. Balm. The leaves of Melissa officinalis. Med. Prop. A very mild diaphoretic, if taken in warm infusion. Mentha Piperita. U. S., L., E., D. Peppermint. The herb of Mentha piperita. Med. Prop. A grateful aromatic stimulant. Use. In nausea, mild colic, flatulence; and externally, to the epi- gastrium, in cholera infantum. Mentha Pulegium. L., D. European Pennyroyal. Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding. Mentha Viridis. U S., L., E., D. Spearmint. The herb of Mentha viridis. Med. Prop, and Use. As Mentha piperita. Menyanthes. L., E. Buckbean. Leaves of Menyanthes trifo- liata. Med. Prop. Tonic, and in large doses emeto-cathartic. Use. In intermittents, chronic rheumatism, and general debility. Not much employed in U. S. Mezereum. U. S., L. [Mezereon, E., D.] Mezereon. The bark of Daphne Mezereum, and of Daphne Gnidium. Med. Prop. Stimulant, diaphoretic, diuretic, and cathartic; ex- ternally, epispastic. Use. Chiefly in chronic rheumatism and syphilis; also as a siala- gogue. Misture. The term mixtures, in strict pharmaceutical language, is applied to preparations in which insoluble substances, whether solid or liquid, are suspended in watery fluids by the interven- tion of gums, sugar, yelk of eggs, or other viscid matter. The term emulsion is applied where the suspended substance is of an oleaginous nature. Some of the pharmacopoeias also include juleps, mucilages, potions, &c. Mistura Acacie. L. See Mucilago Acaciae. Mistura Acacie. E. See Emulsio Acaciae. 144 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Mistura Acidi Nitrosi. Hope's Acid Mixture. Nitrous acid f3J, tincture of opium gtt. xl, camphor water f^viij; mix.— Dose, one-fourth every 3 or 4 hours. Use. In dysentery, diarrhoea, and cholera. Mistura Aluminis. (Dr. G. Bird.) Alum gr. xxv, extract of conium gr. xij, syrup of red poppies f3ij, dill-water f^iij.— Dose, a dessert-spoonful every 6 hours. Use. In hooping-cough,—with asserted great efficacy. Mistura Ammoniaci. U. S., L., D. Ammoniac 3ij, water Oss; rub them together, gradually added, until thoroughly mixed. Use. A convenient method of administering ammoniac, as a sti- mulant expectorant. Mistura Amygdale. U. S., L. [Mistura Amygdalarum, E., D.] Sweet almonds, blanched, gss, powdered gum Arabic 3ss, sugar 3ij ; beat them together in a marble mortar till thoroughly mixed, then rub the mixture with distilled water f^viij, gra- dually added, and strain. [The same formula will answer for an emulsion of bitter almonds.] Med. Prop. Demulcent, and emollient. Use. As the demulcent drinks generally. Mistura Antihysterica. (Dr. Paris.) Assafcetida 3J, pep- permint water f^jss, ammoniated tincture of valerian f3ij, tinc- ture of castor f3iij, ether f3J-—Dose, a tablespoonful every 2 hours. Use. In hysteria. Mistura Assafostide. U S.,L., D. Lac Assafcetidas. Assa- fcetida 3ij, water Oss; rub the gum with the water, gradually added, until thoroughly mixed. Med. Prop. Antispasmodic, expectorant, laxative, stimulant, and carminative. Use. A good form for obtaining the prompt effects of assafcetida; to children, in convulsions. Mistura Astringens. (Pradel.) Tannin gr. xij, syrup of rhatany 3j, mucilage §j, camphor mixture §iv; mix. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 145 Med. Prop. Astringent, and slightly anodyne. Use. In diarrhoea, chronic dysentery, and passive hemorrhages. Mistura Camphore. L. Camphor Julep. Camphor 3ss, rectified spirit irjjx; rub together, gradually adding Oj of water, and strain. Med. Prop. Those of Camphor. Use. In low fevers, nervous derangements, &c. Mistura Camphore cum Magnesia. E., D. Camphor gr. x, carbonate of magnesia gr. xxv, water f^vj; mix. See Aqua Camphorae. Med. Prop. Anodyne, laxative, and antacid. Use. Much the same as the preceding. Mistura Carminativa Infantilis. Dolby's Carminative. Carbonate of magnesia 9ij, oil of peppermint tnj j, oil of nutmeg njjij, oil of aniseed itjjiij, tincture of castor njjxxx, tincture of assafcetida ejjxv, tincture of opium tnjv, spirit of pennyroyal njj xv, compound tincture of cardamom ejj xxx, peppermint water fgij. (Dr. Paris.) Med. Prop. A stimulant, carminative, anodyne, and antacid. Use. Chiefly in infantile colics. Mistura Carminativa Antacida. (Dr. Paris.) Magnesia 3ss, peppermint water f3ijss, compound spirit of lavender fjss, spirit of caraway f3iv, syrup of ginger f^ij; mix. See Mis- turae Catharticae. Med. Prop. Laxative, antacid, and carminative. Mistura Cascarille Composita. L. Infusion of cascarilla f^xvij, vinegar of squills fjj, compound tincture of camphor f^ij; mix. Med. Prop. Tonic, expectorant, and anodyne. Use. In chronic bronchial affections. Mistura Cathartica. See Mistura Sennae. Mistura Cathartice. Cathartic Mixtures. The following are among the most approved : Mixture of Assafcetida, Carbonate of Magnesia, &c Dewees' 13 146 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Carminative. Carbonate of magnesia 3ss, tincture of assafcetida gtt. lx, tincture of opium gtt. xx, white sugar 3J, distilled water fgj; mix.—Dose, 25 drops for an infant. Use. In flatulent colic, &c, of infants. Dr. Meigs's Mixture. Carbonate of magnesia 3SS, sulphate of magnesia 3 iij, aromatic spirit of ammonia f3J, tincture of rhu- barb f§ss, tincture of hyoscyamus f3ss, mint-water f£iv; mix. —Dose, a large tablespoonful, 2 or 3 times a day. Med. Prop. An anodyne, cordial cathartic. Use. In colic, flatulence, &c. Mixture of Castor Oil and Turpentine. Castor oil f^jss, oil of turpentine f§ ss; to be rubbed up with the yelk of an egg, and 3ij of sugar; then add mint-water f^iv; mix.—Dose, a table- spoonful every 2 hours. Med. Prop. A prompt cathartic and anthelmintic; also car- minative. Use. In flatulence, and tympanitis; also to expel worms. Mixture of Croton Oil. Croton oil gtt. j-iij, mucilage of gum Arabic, distilled water, of each, f^ j; mix.—Dose, a teaspoonful every 2 hours, till it operates on the bowels. [Another formula is, croton oil gtt. viij, potassa gr. vj, water f3ij; mix.—Dose, 3 to 6 drops.] Four drops may also be rubbed around the um- bilicus. Mixture of Magnesia and Rhubarb. Magnesia 3SS, powdered rhubarb gr. ij, white sugar 3J, essence of peppermint gtt. vj, water f^jss; mix.—Dose, a teaspoonful every 2 hours. Use. For young children, in diarrhoea with acidity. [Laudanum may be added.] Mixture of Manna, Rhubarb, and Carbonate of Magnesia. (Dr. Wood.) Manna §j, fennel seed, bruised, 3J, boiling water f^iv; infuse, and strain; then add carbonate of magnesia 3ij J mix.—Dose, one-third every 3 or 4 hours, till it operates. Med. Prop. Laxative, antacid, and carminative. Use. In flatulence, and pain in the bowels. Mistura Colchici. (Scudamore.) Magnesia 3jss, peppermint- AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 147 Water f^iij, vinegar of colchicum f3iv, syrup of orange-peel f3iv. —Dose, a tablespoonful every 3 hours. Use. In acute gout; also in rheumatism. Mistura Crete. U S., L.,E., D. Chalk Mixture. Prepared chalk ^ss, refined sugar, powdered gum Arabic, each, 3ij, cinna- mon-water, water, each, f^iv; rub them thoroughly together.— Dose, for an adult, f£ss. [Laudanum, or the tincture of rhatany, may often be added with advantage.] Med. Prep. Astringent, antacid, absorbent, and carminative. Use. Much employed in diarrhoeas, and chronic dysenteries. Misture Diuretice. Diuretic Mixtures. The following are among those most employed : Mixture of Copaiva. Copaiva, sweet spirits of nitre, of each, f§ss, gum Arabic, sugar, of each, 3J, tincture of opium f3J, compound spirits of lavender f3ij, distilled water fgiv; mix.—Dose, a tablespoonful 3 times a day, in gonorrhoea. Mixture of Copaiva, Cubebs, &c Copaiva, powdered cubebs, of each, ^ss, gum Arabic, sugar, of each, 3ij, camphorated tincture of opium f^ss, water f^viij; mix.—Dose, a tablespoonful every 3 hours, in chronic gonorrhoea, and gleet. Mistura Effervescens. See Haustus Effervescens. Mistura Elaterii. (Ferriar.) Elaterium gr. j, spirit of nitric ether f^ij, tincture of squills f^ss, oxymel of colchicum f^ss, syrup of buckthorn f^j ; mix.—Dose, f3J, 3 or 4 times a day, in dropsy. Mistura Ferri Composita. U. S., L., E., D. Myrrh 3j, car- bonate of potassa gr. xxv, rose-water f^vijss, powdered sulphate of iron 9j, spirit of lavender f^ss, refined sugar 3J; rub the myrrh with the rose-water gradually added; then mix with these the spirit of lavender, sugar, and carbonate of potassa; and lastly, the sulphate of iron. Pour the mixture immediately into a glass bottle, which is to be well stopped. Med. Prop. This preparation was made in imitation of Griffith's Antihectic Mixture;—it is tonic and chalybeate. Use. In dyspepsia attended with amenorrhoea or chlorosis; also in chronic coughs. 148 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Mistura Fusca. Brown Mixture. Extract of liquorice, gum Arabic, each, 3ij, boiling water fgiv; dissolve, and add antimonial wine f3ij, laudanum ejjxx.—Dose, a tablespoonful occasionally. Use. In coughs, &c. Mistura Guaiaci. L., E. Guaiac 3iij, sugar gss; rub together; then rub with mixture of gum Arabic f^ss, gradually adding cinnamon-water f^xix. Med. Prop, and Use. As Guaiacum. Mistura Magnesie. Magnesia gj, syrup f|j; rub up together, and add carbonic acid water f^iv. The whole to be taken at once. Med. Prop. An antacid cathartic. Use. As magnesia; a pleasant method of administering it. Mistura Magnesie Carbonatis et Manne. Manna^j, bruised fennel seed 3J, boiling water f^iv; infuse and strain; then add carbonate of magnesia 3ij-—Dose, one-third. Med. Prop. Laxative, and carminative. Use. In constipation with flatulence. Mistura Olei Ricini. Oleaginous Mixture. Castor oil fgjss, powdered sugar and gum Arabic, each, 3ij, mint-water f^ iv. Rub the sugar and gum together, with a little of the mint-water, then add the oil, rubbing intimately; and lastly, the rest of the mint- water, with Eg xxx of laudanum.—Dose, a tablespoonful, in dysentery and diarrhoza. Mistura Salina. See Liquor Potassae Citratis. Mistura Scammonii. E. Resinof scammony gr. vij, unskimmed milk f^iij; triturate the resin with a little of the milk, and gradually add the rest. Monarda. U S. Horsemint. The herb of Monarda punctata. Med. Prop. Stimulant, and carminative. Use. In infusion, for flatulent colic, and sick stomach. Monesia. An astringent extract imported from South America, obtained from Buranhem bark. < Mora. L. [Morus Nigra, D.] Mulberries. Med. Prop. Refrigerant, and laxative. Use. In fevers. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 149 Morphia, or Morphine, U. S., L. Macerate ibj of sliced opium with distilled water Oiv, for 24 hours, and having worked it with the hand, digest it for 24 hours longer, and strain. In like manner macerate the residue twice successively with distilled water, and strain. Mix the infusions, evaporate to Ovj, and filter. Add alcohol Ov, and then water of ammonia f^iij, pre- viously mixed with Oss of alcohol. After 24 hours, pour on water of ammonia f^iij, mixed with Oss of alcohol, as before; set the liquor aside for 24 hours, that crystals may form. These are purified by boiling in Oij of alcohol until dissolved, filtering the solution, while hot, through animal charcoal, and setting aside to crystallize. [L. decomposes the hydrochlorate of mor- phia by means of ammonia.] Med. Prop. The most valuable active principle of opium, all of whose theraupetical applications it is well calculated to meet;— especially useful in irritable stomach, combined with minute doses of calomel; also endermically. Morphie Acetas. U S., L., E. Morphia (freed from narco- tina by sulphuric ether) §j, distilled water Oss; mix, and carefully drop in acetic acid to saturation; evaporate to the consistence of syrup, dry with a gentle heat, and reduce to powder.—Dose $ to J of a grain. Med. Prop, and Use. One of the best forms for administering morphia. Morphie Hydriodas. (Dr. A. T. Thomson.) Mix strong solu- tions of 2 parts of muriate of morphia and 1 part, or rather more, of iodide of potassium. Wash the precipitate with a little cold water; press it between folds of blotting paper, re-dissolve in hot water, and crystallize. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of morphia and iodine combined. Morphie Hydrochloras. See Morphiae Murias. Morphie Murias. U. S., E. [Morphiae Hydrochloras, L.] Mor- phia, in powder, I j ; distilled water Oss; mix, and carefully add muriatic acid till saturated, constantly stirring. Evaporate 13* 150 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. by means of a water-bath, crystallize, and dry the crystals on bibulous paper.—Dose i of a grain. Med. Prop, and Use. Similar to those of the acetate.—Not so much used in the U. S. as the sulphate. Morphie Muriatis Solutio. E. Muriate of morphia 3Jss, rectified spirit f^v, distilled water f^xv. [It is about the strength of laudanum.] Med. Prop, and Use. As Liquor Morphiae Sulphatis. Morphie Nitras and Morphie Phosphas may be prepared as Morphiae Murias, by substituting the respective acids. Morphie Sulphas. U. S. As Morphiae Murias, by substituting sulphuric acid.—Dose, i to i of a grain. Use. The salt of morphia most employed in the U. S. Morphie Tartras. (Dr. A. T. Thomson.) As Morphia Mu- rias, by substituting tartaric acid. Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding preparations of Morphia. Moschus. U S., L., E., D. Musk is a peculiar concrete sub- stance, obtained from the follicles of Moschus moschiferus. Med. Prop. Stimulant and antispasmodic; but often inefficient on account of adulterations. Use. In singultus, hysteria, gout in the stomach, pertussis, and typhous conditions. Moschus Artificialis. See Oleum Succini Oxydatum. Moxa. The Chinese moxa are made from the downy leaves of a species of Artemisia. Various substitutes are used, composed of some light, porous, inflammable substance which burns slowly, as the pith of the sunflower, cotton cloth soaked in a solution of nitrate, chromate, or chlorate of potassa, rolled up into cylinders, and cut into pieces of proper length. [Dr. Osborne employs quicklime moistened with water.] Use. As a powerful counter-irritant, when a deep and permanent action is required, as in chronic neuralgia and paralysis, to be applied over the origin of the nerves; also in incipient caries of the spine. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 151 Mucuna. U. S. (Sec.) [Dolichos Pruriens, D.] Cowhage. The bristles of the pods of Mucuna pruriens. Med. Prop. Anthelmintic; acting by their mechanical irritation. Use. To dislodge lumbrici. Mucilage. The term mucilage is used by the U. S. Phar. to mean an aqueous solution of gum, or of substances closely ana- logous to it. The British Phars. use it in a more extended sense. Mucilago Acacie. U. S. [Mucilago, E. ; Mucilago Gummi Arabici, D. ; Mistura Acaciae, L.] Powdered gum Arabic ^iv, boiling water Oss; add them gradually together, rubbing till a mucilage is formed. Med. Prop. Demulcent. Use. Chiefly in pharmacy, from its viscid nature, to form pills and mixtures; also an excellent demulcent ingredient in cough mixtures. Mucilago Althee. P. Althea root 3j, boiling water gvj; digest for 6 hours, and strain. Med. Prop. Demulcent, and emollient. Use. An excellent adjuvant to gargles for inflamed throat. Mucilago Amyli. E., D. [Decoctum Amyli, L.] Starch 3iv, water Oj; rub them gradually together, and boil for a short time. Med. Prop. Demulcent. Use. Chiefly as an enema, in irritations or inflammations of the rectum or colon. Mucilago Glycyrrhize. From liquorice-root, as Mucilago Altheae. Med. Prop, and Use. Similar to those of Mucilago Altheae. Mucilago Lini. P. Linseed |j, boiling water ^vj; digest for 6 hours, and strain. Med. Prop, and Use. Similar to Mucilago Altheae. Mucilago Sassafras. Pith of sassafras 3J> water f^xvj; boil and strain. 152 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Med. Prop. Demulcent, and emollient. Use. A very pleasant application to inflamed eyes and skin; also as a drink in catarrhs, nephritis, and dysentery. Mucilago Tragacanthe. U S., E. [Mucilago Gummi Tra- gacanthae, D.] Gum tragacanth gj, boiling water Oj; mace- rate for 24 hours, then triturate it, and forcibly strain it through linen. Med. Prop. Demulcent. Use. Chiefly for making troches and pills. Myristica. U S., L., E. [Nux Moschata, D.] Nutmeg. The kernels of the fruit of Myristica moschata. Med. Prop. Aromatic, and narcotic. Use. Chiefly for imparting flavour. Myristice Adeps. E. Concrete Oil of Nutmeg. Obtained by expression. Use. As a gentle external stimulant; rarely employed. Macis. D. Mace is the membrane which surrounds the fruit of Myristica Moschata. Med. Prop, and Use. As Nutmeg. Myroxylon. U. S. [Balsamum Peruvianum, L., E. ; Myroxy- lum Peruvianum, D.] Balsam of Peru. The juice of Myroxylon Peruiferum. Med. Prop. Stimulating, tonic, and expectorant. Use. Chiefly in chronic bronchitis and phthisis; also externally, to indolent ulcers. Myrrha. U S., L., E., D. Myrrh is the concrete juice of Balsamodendron Myrrha. Med. Prop. Stimulant, tonic, expectorant, and emmenagogue. Use. In chronic bronchitis, amenorrhoea and chlorosis of an en- feebled character, combined with iron and aloes; also an ingre- dient in tooth-powders, and mouth-washes. Naphtha. This name has been applied to many kinds of inflam- mable liquids, several of which have been used medicinally. The Naphtha of Dr. Hastings, lately introduced as a remedy AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 153 for consumption, is acetone, or pyroacetic spirit. It is made by distilling acetate of lime, and re-distilling the product over lime, till its boiling point becomes constant. Or it may be procured by passing the vapour of acetic acid through a tube heated to dull redness, and rectifying the product as before.—Dose, 12 to 15 drops, 3 times a day, m water, to be gradually increased. Nux Vomica. U. S., L., E., D. The seeds of Strychnos Nux Vomica. Med. Prop. Tonic, in small doses; in larger doses, excitant to the motor nervous centres; overdoses are poisonous. Use. In dyspepsia depending on atony of the muscular coat of the stomach, in paralysis, prolapsus ani, and impotence. Olea Destillata. U S., L. [Olea Volatilia, E. ; Olea Essen- tialia, D.] Distilled, Volatile, or Essential Oils, are prepared by putting the substance from which the oil is to be extracted (the herbs, flowers, seeds, &c), into a retort, with as much water as will cover them, and distilling into a large receiver, kept cool. Separate the oil from the water which comes over with it. In this manner prepare the following : Oleum Anethi. E. From Dill seeds. Oleum Anisi. U. S., L., E., D. From Anise seeds. Oleum Anthemidis. L., E. From Chamomile flowers. Oleum Carui. U S. [Oleum Carui, L., E., D.] From Cara- way seeds. Oleum Chenopodii. U. S. From Wormseed. Oleum Funiculi. U.S., E. [Oleum Foeniculi Dulcis, D.] From Fennel seeds. Oleum Gaultherie. U S. Oil of Partridge-berry. From leaves (and other parts) of Gaultheria procumbens. Oleum Hedeome. U.S. Oil of Pennyroyal. From the herb Hedeoma pulegioides. Oleum Juniperi. U S., L., E., D. From Juniper berries. Oleum Lavandule. U. S., L., E., D. From Lavender flowers. 154 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Oleum Menthe Piperite. U. S., L., E., D. From Pepper- mint. Oleum Menthe Pulegii. L. [Oleum Pulegii, D.] Oil of European Pennyroyal. From European Pennyroyal. Oleum Menthe Viridis. U S., L., E., D. From Spearmint. Oleum Monarde. U S. From Horsemint. Oleum Origani. U S., L., E., D. From Origanum [Mar- joram]. Oleum Pimente. U. S., L., E., D. From Pimento [Allspice]. Oleum Rosmarini. U S., L., E., D. From Rosemary tops. Oleum Rute. E., D. From Rue. Oleum Sabine. U S., E., D. From Savine leaves. Oleum Sambuci. L. From Elder flowers. Oleum Sassafras. U S. From Sassafras bark. [All the above volatile oils possess in a very high degree the stimu- lant, aromatic, and other medical properties of the substances from which they are derived. They are employed chiefly as adjuvants; also in pharmacy. Some of them are used as ex- ternal irritants.] Olea Fixa vel Expressa. Fixed or Expressed Oils are pro- cured from certain fruits, seeds, &c, by expression, and some- times by decoction. Olea Empyreumatica. Oily fluids, procured in the destructive distillation of various vegetable and animal substances. Olea Medicata. [Olea Cocta, vel Infusa.] Oils medicated by infusion or decoction. They are mostly prepared by digesting or gently boiling the fresh leaves or flowers of various plants in olive oil, till they become crisp, taking care that the tempe- rature does not rise above 212°. A few animal substances are treated in the same way. Oleum Amygdale. U S., L. [Oleum Amygdalinum, D.] The fixed oil of the sweet and bitter almond, procured by ex- pression. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 155 Med. Prop. Demulcent, and emollient. Use. Rubbed up with water, in catarrhal and other pulmonary irritations. Oleum Amygdale Amare Destillatum. P. Procured by distilling the cake of bitter almonds (from which the fixed oil has been expressed) with water.—Dose, \ to £ a drop. Med. Prop. A powerful sedative narcotic; it resembles prussic acid. Use. As a substitute for hydrocyanic or prussic acid. Oleum Armoracie. By distilling fresh horseradish root with water. It appears to be identical with the Oil of black mustard. Med. Prop. A powerful stimulant. Use. As a rubefacient. Oleum Aurantii Florum. P. Neroli. By distilling orange flowers Ibx, with water ibxx. [An oil is also procured from the leaves.] Med. Prop. A delightful fragrant, aromatic oil. Use. For imparting odour to perfumes. Oleum Bergamii. U. S., L. [Oleum Bergamotae, E.] From bergamot peel [Citrus Limetta], as Oleum Limonis. Oleum Bezoardicum. Wedel's Oil. Camphor 3ij, oil of almonds fjij, oil of bergamot 3ss, alkanet root q. s. to colour it. Med. Prop, and Use. Very similar to those of Linimentum Saponis Camphoratum. Oleum Bubulum. U. S. Neat's-foot Oil. By boiling the feet of the ox a long time in water, and skimming off the oil. Use. In pharmacy, for making citrine ointment. Oleum Cajaputi. U S. (Sec), L., E., D. By distilling the leaves of Melaleuca Cajaputi with water. Med. Prop. A powerful stimulant. Use. In epilepsy, palsy, chronic rheumatism, and in spasms of stomach and bowels; also as an external irritant. Oleum Camphore. The liquid camphor, obtained by piercing the young camphor tree, is so termed in India. 156 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Med. Prop. Similar to those of Camphor; seldom employed in U. S. Oleum Camphoratum. See Linimentum Camphorae. Oleum Cannabis. Expressed from Hemp seed. Oleum Caryophylli. U. S., L., E., D. By distilling cloves with water. Med. Prop. A powerful irritant, and aromatic. Use. Chiefly as a corrigent; also to relieve toothache. Oleum Cassie. As Oleum Cinnamomi. Oleum Cinnamomi. U. S., L., E., D. From Cinnamon (and Cassia) bark, by macerating in salt water, and distilling. Med. Prop. Stimulant, cordial, and aromatic; not astringent. Use. Chiefly to impart flavour. Oleum Citri. Oil of Cedrat. From the peel and flowers of Citron; as 01. Limonis. Oleum Copaibe. E. Copaiva £j, water Ojss; distil and remove the oil, preserving the water; when most of the water has passed over, heat it and return it to the still, and resume the distilla- tion ; repeat this till no more oil comes over. Med. Prop, and Use. The same as Copaiba. As it contains no oxygen, it is a good vehicle for preserving potassium. Oleum Cornu Cervi. DippeTs Animal Oil. Procured in the distillation of hartshorn or bones. It is rectified by re-distil- lation. Med. Prop. Stimulant and antispasmodic;—not used at present on account of its repulsive odour and taste. Oleum Crotonis. See Oleum Tiglii. Oleum Cubebe. U. S., E. By distilling the ground berries in water. Med. Prop, and Use. Similar to cubebs, for which it may be advantageously substituted. Oleum Cucurbite. Expressed from the seeds of the Pumpkin. Use. A soothing application in piles. Oleum Ergote. (Dr. Wright.) From coarsely powdered ergot AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 157 of rye, by percolation with ether, and allowing the ether to evaporate spontaneously; or by digesting the ergot in solution of potash at 120° or 150°, diluting the liquid .with half its weight of water, neutralizing by sulphuric acid, and distilling by an oil-bath.—Dose, 20 to 50 drops, in hemorrhage. Oleum Limonis. U S. [Oleum Limonorum, L., E.] By expressing the yellow portion of the peel of lemons, previously grated off. An inferior kind is procured by distillation. Med. Prop. Stimulant, and aromatic. Use. To impart flavour. Oleum Lini. U. S., E., D. Linseed Oil. By expression from flaxseed, either cold, or previously roasted. Med. Prop. Demulcent, emollient, and laxative. Use. As an adjuvant to purgative enemata; also externally, to burns, combined with lime-water. Oleum Morrhue. Oleum Jecoris Aselli. Cod-Liver Oil. The oil procured from the fresh liver of the codfish, Gadus Morrhua, by expression. Three kinds are usually to be met with, the pale yellow, the reddish-yellow, and the brown.—Dose, a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful, 3 times a day, in phthisis, scrofula, &c. [By some it is thought to be beneficial in conse- quence of the minute quantity of iodine which it contains. It more probably acts by increasing the nutritive functions.] Oleum Myristice. U S., L., E. The essential oil procured by distilling powdered nutmegs with water. The concrete oil— oil of mace—is obtained by expression. Med. Prop. Similar to Nutmeg. Oleum Olive. U. S., L., E., D. Expressed from crushed olives. An inferior oil is made by boiling the pressed paste with water. Med. Prop. Nutritious, demulcent, and mildly laxative. Use. As a laxative for children; as an ingredient in purgative enemata; to burns; also in pharmacy. 14 158 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Oleum Palme. Expressed from the fruit of Elais Guiniensis. Med. Prop. Emollient. Use. Chiefly in the manufacture of palm soap. Oleum Papaveris. Huile Blanche. From poppy-seeds, as Oleum Amygdalae. Med. Prop, and Use. Similar to Oleum Olivae. Oleum Petre. Rock Oil, or Oil of Petroleum. The name is also given to the following mixture [Gray] : Oil of turpentine §viij, Barbadoes tar %iv, oil of rosemary 3iv. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of a stimulant embrocation. Oleum Ricini. U S., L.,E., D. Castor Oil. By expressing the seeds of Ricinus communis, previously heated; then clarified by boiling the oil with a considerable quantity of water, sepa- rating the oil, and again heating with a little water, until the latter is driven off. In the East and West Indies, the oil is procured by boiling the seeds in water, by which a more acrid oil is obtained. Med. Prop. Cathartic. Use. In cases requiring a gentle, soothing action, as in dysentery, also in colic, combined with laudanum, also in cases of children and puerperal women. Oleum Rose. Otto, or Attar of Roses. From rose leaves, by distilling with water, and collecting the oil, when cool, from the surface of the water. Use. A delightful fragrant perfume. Oleum Sesami. U. S. (Sec) Benne Oil. From the seeds of Sesamum orientale. Med. Prop. Emollient; in large doses, laxative. Use. As Olive Oil. Oleum Sinapis Volatile. By distillation from black mustard- seed. Med. Prop, An active rubefacient. Use, Externally, as a counter-irritant. Oleum Succini. U. S., D, Oil of Amber. By distilling am- AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 159 ber, previously mixed with an equal weight of sand, in a glass retort, by means of a sand-bath, and separating the oil from the other products. Med. Prop. Stimulant, antispasmodic, diuretic; externally, rube- facient. Use. In hysteria, hooping-cough, amenorrhoea, singultus, &c; externally, in chronic rheumatism and palsy; and to the spine, in hooping-cough, and infantile convulsions. Oleum Succini Rectificatum. U S., D. [Oleum Succini, L.] Distil together oil of amber Oj, water Ovj, until Oiv of the water have passed over with the oil; then separate the oil from the water.—Dose, 5 to 15 drops. [This is the form for internal administration.] Oleum Succini Oxydatum. Artificial Musk. Put into a cup f3j of oil of amber, and add to it, drop by drop, f^iij of strong nitric acid; let it stand for 36 hours; then separate, and wash the resinous matter.—Dose, gr. v to x. Med. Prop. Antispasmodic. Use. Very similar to Musk. Oleum Sulphuratum. Balsam of Sulphur. Olive oil f^xvj, heated in a large vessel; washed sulphur gij, to be gradually added, stirring occasionally till they combine. Use. Formerly esteemed in chronic catarrh, and other pectoral affections, but not now employed. Oleum Terebinthine. U S., D. Spirits of Turpentine. By distilling common turpentine with water. It can be further purified by re-distillation with water, or by agitating it with alcohol, [Oleum Terebinthinae Purificatum, L., E.] Med. Prop. Stimulant, diuretic, and anthelmintic; externally, rubefacient. Use. In chronic rheumatism, lumbago, and sciatica; in uterine hemorrhage, typhoid fever, chronic gastritis, chronic dysentery, and chronic bronchitis. Oleum Tiglii. U S., L. [Oleum Crotonis, E., D.] Croton 160 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Oil. Procured by expression from the seeds of the Croton Tiglium. Med. Prop. One of the most powerful of the drastic cathartics. Use. In obstinate constipation; in dropsy, mania, apoplexy, coma, dropped on the tongue; externally, as a counter-irritant, to the chest and throat. Oleum Valeriane. (Prus. Ph.) By distilling valerian root 1 part, with water 8 parts. It contains valerianic acid, which is increased in quantity by exposure.—Dose, 4 or 5 drops. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of Valerian; it is its active principle. Oleum Vini. Oleum jEthereum. Oil of Wine. Procured in the preparation of sulphuric ether. Med. Prop. Anodyne, and calmative. Use. In the preparation of Hoffman's Anodyne. Olibanum. L., D. Frankincense. A gum-resin, the product of Boswellia serrata. Med. Prop. Stimulant, as the other gums. Use. Only externally, for plasters; also for fumigations. Opium. U. S., L., E., D. The concrete juice of the unripe capsules of Papaver somniferum. Med. Prop. Stimulant, anodyne, antispasmodic, soporific, diapho- retic, and astringent. Use. In low forms of disease; to relieve pain in all disorders where the brain is not implicated; in spasmodic diseases, especially in tetanus and mania a potu; in morbid restlessness, not dependent on inflammation of the brain; in rheumatism, gout, dysentery, enteritis, and peritonitis; in all unhealthy discharges. Opoponax. L. A gum-resin, the product of Opoponax Chironium. Med. Prop. Antispasmodic, and emmenagogue. Use. Scarcely ever employed at present. Origanum. U. S., L., E. [Origanum Vulgare, D.] Marjo- ram. The herb of Origanum vulgare. Med. Prop. Gently tonic, and excitant. Use. In the form of warm infusion, as a diaphoretic and emmena- gogue. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 161 Origanum Marjorana. D. Sweet Marjoram. Med. Prop. Very similar to the preceding. Use. Chiefly in cookery. Os. U S. [Ossa, D.] Bone. Use. Not employed in medicine; only in pharmacy. Ovum. L., E. Egg. Med. Prop. Nutritive. Use. As a diet; in pharmacy, the yelk is employed in making mixtures. Oxymel. L., D. Honey ibx, acetic acid Ojss; mix the acid with the honey, previously heated. Use. As an adjuvant to gargles. Oxymel Colchici. D. Vinegar of colchicum f§xvj, clarified honey ibij ; boil to the consistence of syrup.—Dose, f3j. Med. Prop, and Use. Very similar to those of Colchicum. Oxymel Scille. U S., L., D. Clarified honey Ibiij, vinegar of squill Oij; mix, and evaporate by means of a water-bath to the proper consistence.—Dose, f3j to f^ij. Med. Prop, and Use. As Squill;—an excellent form for adminis- tering it as an expectorant. Panax. U. S. (Sec) Ginseng. The root of Panax quinque- folium. Med. Prop. Demulcent. Use. Not employed as a medicine. Pap aver. U S., L., E. Poppy-heads. The ripe capsules of Papaver somniferum. Med. Prop. Those of Opium, in a very feeble degree. Use. As a very mild narcotic, in the form of syrup; externally, as an emollient anodyne application. Pareira. U. S. (Sec), L., E. Pareira Brava. The root of Cissampelos Pareira. Med. Prop. Tonic, diuretic, and aperient. Use. Chiefly in chronic urinary disorders. 14* 162 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Pasta Althee. P. Pate de Guimauve. Decorticated marsh- mallow root giv, water Oiv; macerate for 12 hours, strain, and add Ibijss of picked gum Arabic and white sugar, each; dissolve, strain, and evaporate to the consistence of honey, constantly stirring, and add gradually the whites of 12 eggs, well beaten with §iv of orange-water. Evaporate with constant stirring, till the paste is so firm as to adhere to the hands. [The P. Codex of 1836 substitutes water for decoction of althea, and terms the compound Pate de Gomme.] Med. Prop. An agreeable demulcent. Use. In coughs, irritations of the throat, &c. Pasta Jujube. P. Jujube Paste. Formerly prepared from the jujube fruit, by boiling with water, then adding gum Arabic and sugar, and clarifying with the whites of eggs; then evapo- rating to a thick consistence, flavouring with orange flower water, and pouring into moulds and drying. At present, the jujubes are usually omitted. Med. Prop. Demulcent. Use. As the last. Pasta Viennentis. Pate de Vienne. Potassa cum Cake. Pastilli Odorati. Aromatic Pastils. P. Benzoin ^ij, balsam of Tolu 3iv, labdanum 3j, yellow sandal-wood 3iv, charcoal gvj, nitre 3ij, mucilage of tragacanth q. s.; mix, and divide into conical pastils. Use. To be burned, for fumigation. Petroleum. L., E., D. Barbadoes Tar. Rock Oil. A native, inflammable product of various parts of the world. See Oleum Petrae. Petroselinum. U. S. (Sec.) Parsley Root. Root of Apium Petroselinum. Med. Prop. Diuretic, and aperient. Use. As an adjuvant, in dropsies. Phloridzinum. Phloridzine is prepared from the fresh root-bark of the apple, pear, cherry, or plum, by boiling with alcohol, straining, distilling off most of the spirit, and allowing the residue AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 163 to cool. Its properties and uses are similar to those of Salicine. —Dose, gr. x to gr. xv. Phosphorus. L. Med. Prop. A powerful stimulant in small doses; poisonous in larger quantities. Use. In Germany, in cases of extreme prostration. Phytolacca. U S. (Sec) Poke (Berries and Seeds). The berries and root of Phytolacca decandra. Med. Prop. Emetic, purgative, narcotic, and alterative. Use. In rheumatism, as an alterative; as an ointment in piles and tinea capitis. Picrotoxina. The poisonous active principle of Cocculus In- dicus. Use. Not used in medicine. Pilule. Pills are small globular masses of a size convenient for swallowing. They afford a convenient method of administering disagreeable medicines, which do not require to be given in large doses. Deliquescent substances are not proper to be given in the pilular form; and those which are efflorescent should first be deprived of their water of crystallization. Care should be taken not to combine substances mutually incompatible. A mixture of syrup and powdered gum Arabic forms an excellent material for the formation of pills; the conserve of roses, honey, and molasses, are also employed. Pills are sometimes silvered, and sometimes covered with gelatine, to disguise their odour and taste. Pilule Aloes. U S., E. Powdered aloes and soap, each §j; beat them with water so as to form a mass; to be divided into 240 pills—Dose, 2 to 5 pills. Med. Prop. Laxative or purgative, according to the dose. Use. In habitual constipation. Pilule Aloes Composite. L., D. Aloes Eh extract of gen- tian |ss, oil of caraway E£xl, syrup q. s.—Dose, gr. v—xv. Med. Prop. Laxative, and tonic. Use. In the constipation of the dyspeptic and sedentary. 164 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Pilule Aloes et Assafcetide. U. S., E. Powdered aloes, assafcetida, and soap, each gss, water q. s. to form a mass. Divide into 180 pills.—Dose, 2 to 5 pills. Med. Prop. Laxative, stimulant, and carminative. Use. In the constipation of old persons; in flatulence and de- bility. Pilule Aloes et Ferri. E. Sulphate of iron three parts, Barbadoes aloes two parts, aromatic powder six parts, confection of roses eight parts; make a mass to be divided into five-grain pills. Med. Prop. Laxative, and tonic. Use. In constipation with dyspepsia, and amenorrhoea. Pilule Aloes et Ipecacuanhe. (Dr. Baillie.) Aloes 9j, ginger 3ss, ipecacuanha gr. viij, syrup q. s. Divide into 16 pills.—Dose, one before dinner, daily. Med. Prop. Laxative, tonic, and carminative. Use. In constipation with dyspepsia. Pilule Aloes cum Mastich. Dinner Pills. Aloes 3VJ> mastic and red rose petals, each 3ij, syrup of wormwood (or common syrup) q. s. To be divided into three-grain pills. —Dose, 1 or 2 before a meal. Med. Prop. A gentle tonic laxative. Use. Much employed in dyspepsia with constipation. Pilule Aloes et Myrrhe. U. S., E. [Pil. Aloes cum Myrrha, L., D.] Rufus's Pills. Powdered aloes gij, powdered myrrh 3j, saffron g ss, syrup q. s.; beat together into a mass, and divide into 480 pills.—Dose, 3 to 6 pills. Med. Prop. A warm, stimulant cathartic. Use. In dyspepsia with constipation, or amenorrhoea. Pilule Aloes et Zingiberis. D. Hepatic aloes 3j, ghrger 3J, soap 3iv, oil of peppermint 3ss; mix. Med. Prop. A warm aromatic cathartic. Use. In constipation with flatulence. Pilule Andersonis. P. Scots Pills. Aloes 3vj, gamboge AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 165 3vj, oil of aniseed 3J, syrup q. s.; mix, and divide into four- grain pills. Med. Prop, and Use. Very similar to the preceding. Pilule diete Antecibum. P. Dinner Pills. Aloes 3VJ, extract of cinchona 3iij, cinnamon 3J, syrup of wormwood q. s.; mix.—Dose, 6 grains, or more. [These are substituted for the Pil. Aloes et Mastich.] Med. Prop. A tonic, aromatic laxative. Use. In dyspepsia. Pilule Anticephalalgice. (Broussais.) Extract of bel- ladonna gr. xv, extract of hyoscyamus gr. xv, extract of lettuce 3ss, extract of opium gr. vj, butter of cacao 3iv, divide into 120 pills.—Dose, one, night and morning. (Dr. Wilson Philip's pills for nervous headache:—Rhubarb 3SS, nutmeg 3ss, extract of chamomile 9j, oil of peppermint q. s.; divide into 30 pills.—Dose, 3 pills twice a day.) Pilule Antiepileptice. (Recamier.) Oxide of zinc gr. ix, camphor gr. vj, extract of belladonna gr. vj; divide into 12 pills. Pilule Antacide. Antacid Pills. Pills of Soda and Rhu- barb, &c Powdered rhubarb, dried carbonate of soda, extract of gentian, of each 9j, calomel gr. iij. To be made into 20 pills.—Dose, two occasionally. Use. In dyspepsia, with acidity of stomach. Pilule Aromatice. Aromatic Pills. (Dr. Parrish.) Car- bonate of ammonia, capsicum, cloves, and mace, of each, 9j, oil of caraway gtt. v, extract of gentian gr. xij, syrup q. s. To be made into 20 pills.—Dose, one every 2 hours, in gout of the stomach. Pilule Antispasmodice. Antispasmodic Pills. The following are used: Pills of Assafcetida. Assafcetida 3j, soap gr. x, water q. s.; to be divided into 20 pills.—Dose, 2 to 4 pills. Pills of Castor, Oil of Amber, &c Castor 3J, oil of amber 3ss, 166 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. extract of gentian q. s.; to be made into 24 pills.—Dose, 3 pills night and morning, in hysteria. Pills of Musk and Camphor. (Richard.) Musk gr. x, camphor gr. xx, ammoniac 9ij, opium gr. iv; to be divided into pills of 4 grains each.—Dose, 4 or 5 in the 24 hours, in nervous dis- eases. Pilule Arsenici. P. Pilulae Asiaticas. Tanjore Pills. White arsenic gr. j, black pepper gr. xij; triturate for a long time, and add gum acaciae gr. ij, water q. s.; divide into 15 pills. [Each pill contains Jjth gr. of arsenic] Med. Prop. Alterative, as arsenious acid. Use. In the East, in the treatment of syphilis and elephantiasis. Pilule Assafostide. U. S. Assafcetida gjss, soap gss, water q. s. to form a mass; divide into 240 pills. [Each pill contains 3 grs. of the gum.] Med. Prop, and Use. As Assafcetida. Pilule Astringentes. Astringent Pills. The following may be employed: Pills of Sugar of Lead and Opium. Acetate of lead gr. xxiv, opium gr. vj; mix, and divide into 12 pills.—Dose, one every hour or two, in haemoptysis and dysentery. [Dr. Graves re- commends acetate of lead 9j, opium gr. j; to be divided into 12 pills.—Dose, one every hour, in cholera.] Pills of Alum, Opium, and Catechu. Alum gr. vj, extract of opium gr. j, catechu gr. j—vj ; to be divided into 6 pills.—Dose, one every 2 hours, in passive hemorrhages. Pills of Tannin, &c. Tannin 9j, sulphate of morphia gr. j, blue mass gr. vj; to be divided into 12 pills.—Dose, one every 2 hours, in diarrhoza and dysentery. Pilule Calomelanos Composite. E., D. [Pilulae Hydrargyri Chloridi Compositae, L.] Plummer's Pills. Calomel 3ij, oxysulphuret of mercury 3ij; rub together, then with guaiac 3iv, and treacle 3ij, or q. s. to form a mass. To be divided into five-grain pills. Med. Prop. Alterative. Use. In chronic skin diseases, chronic rheumatism, &c. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 167 Pilule Calomelanos et Opii. E. Calomel 3 parts, opium 1 part, confection of roses q. s. Beat them into a mass, to be divided into pills, each containing 2 grains of calomel. Use. Where the combined effects of mercury and opium are re- quired ; but the proportion of ingredients may often require to be varied. Pilule Camphore cum Thridace. (Ricord.) Camphor, and extract of lettuce, each, 9ijss; divide into 20 pills.—Dose, 4 to 6 daily. Med. Prop. Anaphrodisiac. Pilule Cathartice. Cathartic Pills. The following, among many others, are employed : Griffitts' Cathartic Pills. Pulverized jalap, pulverized rhubarb, and soap, of each, 3ss, calomel gr. xxv, tartar emetic gr. jss; mix, and divide into 25 pills.—Dose, two at once, and repeated in 2 hours, if they do not operate. Pills of Blue mass, Jalap, and Aloes. Blue mass, pulverized jalap, and pulverized aloes, of each, gr. xv, syrup q. s.; mix, and divide into 12 pills.—Dose, 3 pills at night. Pills of Blue mass and Rhubarb. Blue mass gr. ix, pulverized rhubarb and bicarbonate of soda, of each, gr. xij, aromatic syrup of rhubarb q. s.; mix, and divide into 12 pills.—Dose, one, 2 or 3 times a day. As an alterative, in derangement of the liver. (Dr. Hartshorne.) Compound Cathartic Pills. See Pilulae Catharticae Compositae. Pills of Rhubarb and Iron. Pulverized rhubarb 3jss, sulphate of iron (dried) 3ss, white soap 9ij; mix, and divide into 40 pills. (Dr. Griffitts.) Pills of Aloes and Gentian. Pulverized aloes 3j, extract of gen- tian 3ss, oil of caraway gtt. x, syrup q. s.; mix, and divide into pills of 4 grains each.—Dose, 2 or 3 at once. Aperient Pills. Aloes and rhubarb, of each, 3j, ipecacuanha gr. vj, white soap 9j; divide into 64 pills.—Dose, 1 at night, or more frequently. [Blue mass may be added, if there is deficiency of bile.] 168 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Pilule Cathartice Composite. U. S. Compound extract of colocynth, in powder, §ss, extract of jalap, powdered, and calomel, each, 3iij, gamboge, in powder, 9ij; divide into 180 pills.—Dose, 1 to 3 pills. Med. Prop, and Use. An admirable cathartic, where there is derangement of the hepatic secretion, as in the commencement of bilious fevers. Pilule Ccerulee. By Blue Pills we understand Pilulae Hy- drargyri ; but in some of the European pharmacopoeias (as those of Portugal and Germany), the Pilulae Cupri Ammoniatae are so named. Pilule Colocynthidis. E. [— Compositae, D.] Aloes |j, scammony ^j, colocynth 3iv, sulphate of potash 3J [soap 3ij, D.], oil of cloves 3J, rectified spirit [treacle, D.] q. s. Divide into five-grain pills. Med. Prop, and Use. An active cathartic. Pilule Colocynthidis et Hyoscyami. E. Compound colo- cynth pill 2 parts, extract of henbane 1 part, rectified spirit q. s. Mix, and divide into five-grain pills. Med. Prep, and Use. An active cathartic;—the hyoscyamus is asserted to obviate the griping effect. Pilule Colocynthidis et Colchici. (Bouchardat.) Com- pound extract of colocynth 9j, extract of colchicum 3J, extract of opium gr. j. Divide into 18 pills.—Dose, one or more, accord- ing to their purgative effect. Substituted for Lartigue's Gout Pills. -[A similar compound, termed Sir H. Halford's Gout Pills, contains acetic extract of colchicum gr. ijss, Dover's powder and compound extract of colocynth, each, gr. jss—in each pill.] Pilule Conii Composite. L. Extract of hemlock 3v, ipeca- cuanha 3J, mucilage q. s.—Dose, gr. iij—v. Med. Prop. Anodyne, and expectorant. Pilule Copaiba. U S., and Mialhe. Copaiva |ij, freshly calcined magnesia 3J; mix and set aside, stirring occasionally, till it concretes into a pilular mass, which is to be divided into AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 169 200 pills.—Dose, 2 to 6 pills twice daily. [Hydrate of lime produces the same effect on copaiva as magnesia.] Med. Prop, and Use. As Copaiba;—a good form for administra- tion. Pilule Cupri Ammoniati. E. Ammoniated copper, finely powdered, 1 part, bread crumb 6 parts, solution of carbonate of ammonia q. s. Beat it into a mass, to be divided into pills containing gr. ss. of ammoniated copper in each. Med. Prop, and Use. As Cuprum Ammoniatum. Pilule Diaphoretice. Diaphoretic Pills:—Pills of Anti- mony, Calomel, and Opium. Antimonial powder gr. x, powdered opium and calomel, of each, gr. ij, confection of roses q. s.; divide into 4 pills.—Dose, two at bedtime, in acute rheumatism. Plummer's Pills. See Pil. Calomelanos Comp. Pilule Diuretice. Diuretic Pills. The following are fre- quently used: Pills of Digitalis, Calomel, and Opium. Powder of digitalis gr. xij, calomel gr. vj, powdered opium gr. iv, confection of roses, q. s.; divide into 12 pills.—Dose, one 3 times a day, in hydro- thorax and ascites. Pills of Extract of Dandelion, &c Extract of dandelion 3ss, blue mass gr. v—x, powder of uva ursi q. s.; make into 10 pills.— Dose, one 3 times a day; in dropsy complicated with disease of the liver. Pills of Carbonate of Soda. Dried carbonate of soda 3j, white soap 9ij ; divide into 30 pills.—Dose, three pills 3 times a day; in calculous affections. Pilule Digitalis et Scille. E. Digitalis and squill, each, one part, aromatic electuary two parts, confection of roses q. s. Mix, and divide into four-grain pills.—Dose, 1 or 2 pills. Med. Prop. Diuretic. Use. In dropsy. Pilule Digitaline. Granules de Digitaline, (Homolle.) Digitaline gr. xv, refined sugar 3xijss; mix accurately, and 15 170 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. divide into 1000 granules. From 4 to 6 may be given in 24 hours. Use. To procure the effects of Digitalis. Pilule Emmenagoge. Emmenagogue Pills.—The following are employed: Pills of Myrrh, Sulphate of Iron, &c Myrrh and sulphate of iron (dried), of each, 9ij, carbonate of potassa and soap, each, 3ss; mix, and divide into 40 pills.—Dose, two 3 times a day. Hooper's Pills. Sulphate of iron (dried) 9j, powder of senna, jalap, and cream of tartar, of each, gr. x, powdered ginger, gr. xij, syrup q. s.; mix and divide into 25 pills.—Dose, three pills twice a day. Pills of Aloes, Sulphate of Iron, &c Dried sulphate of iron, 9j, powdered aloes 9ij, powdered cloves gr. v, Venice turpentine q. s.; mix, and divide into 20 pills.—Dose, one 3 times a day. [Assafcetida, or myrrh may advantageously be added.] Pilule Fellis Bovini. (Dr. Clay.) Inspissated ox-gall may be formed into four-grain pills alone, or as follows:—Inspis- sated gall 3ij, oil of caraway ejjx, carbonate of magnesia q. s. Divide into 36 pills.—Dose, 2 pills three times a day; in costive- ness, deficiency of bile, &c Pilule Ferri cum Absinthio. Pilulae Martioles. (Syden- ham.) Levigated iron 3J, extract of wormwood q. s. [Swediaur substitutes the black oxide for the powdered filings.] Med. Prop. Tonic, and chalybeate. Use. In dyspepsia, chlorosis, and amenorrhoea. Pilule Ferri Carbonatis. U. S., E. Vallet's Ferruginous Pills. Dissolve separately, jfiv of sulphate of iron, and §v of carbonate of soda in f^ xvj of boiling water, and to each solution add f£ j of syrup; mix the two solutions in a closely-stopped bottle, and allow the carbonate of iron to subside. Wash this repeatedly with warm water and syrup, in the proportion of f^j of the latter to Oj of the former, till tasteless; press it in flan- nel; mix it immediately with f^ijss of clarified honey, and reduce the mass to the pilular consistence by means of a water- AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 171 bath.—Dose, 3 to 5 grains, three times a day. IE. directs saccharated carbonate of iron 4 parts, conserve of roses 1 part, beat into a mass, and divide into five-grain pills. Dr. Bland's pills are made by triturating, in an iron mortar, 3iv of sulphate of iron, 3iv of subcarbonate of soda, and 3ss of gum tragacanth; to be divided into 96 pills.] Med. Prop. One of the best chalybeates. Use. In chlorosis, amenorrhoea, and general debility requiring a tonic treatment. Pilule Ferri Composite. U S., L., D. Powdered myrrh 3ij, carbonate of soda 3J; rub together; add sulphate of iron 3J; rub again, then beat them in a warm mortar with syrup, or treacle q. s., to form a mass, and divide into 80 pills.—Dose, 2 to 6 pills three times a day. Med. Prop, and Use. Similar to the last. Pilule Ferri cum Aloe. (Brande.) Sulphate of iron 9j, carbonate of potassa 9j, myrrh 3J, aloes 3SS- Mix and divide into 30 pills. [The Philadelphia College of Pharmacy gives the following as a substitute for Hooper's Pills: Barbadoes aloes §j, dried sulphate of iron 3ij, extract of hellebore 3ij, myrrh 3ij, soap 3ij, canella and ginger, each, 3J, water q. s. Divide into pills of 2 J grains, each.] Med. Prop. Tonic, chalybeate, and aperient. Use. In dyspepsia with anemia and constipation. Pilule Ferri Sulphatis. E. Dried sulphate of iron 2 parts, extract of taraxacum 5 parts, conserve of roses 2 parts, liquorice powder 3 parts. Beat together, and divide into five-grain pills. Med. Prop. As the other chalybeates; but inferior. Pilule Ferri et Quine Iodidi. (Bouchardat.) Fresh proto- iodide of iron 3jss, disulphate of quinia gr. xviij, honey 9j, liquorice powder q. s.; mix and make into 60 pills.—Dose, 2 to 6 daily, in chlorosis. Pilule Foztide. See Pil. Assafoetidae, and Pil. Galbani Com- positae. 172 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Pilule Galbani Composite. U. S.,L., D. [Pil. Assafoetidae, - E.] Galbanum and myrrh, each, 3jss, assafcetida ^ss, syrup q. s. Beat together into a mass, and divide into 480 pills. —Dose, 10 to 20 grains. Med. Prop. Antispasmodic, and emmenagogue^ Use. In hysteria, and chlorosis. Pilule Gambogie Composite. D. [Pil. Cambogiae Compo- sitae, L.; Pil. Cambogiae, EH] Gamboge 3j, aloes 3Jsa; ginger 3ss, soap 3ij; mIx. Med. Prop. An active purgative. Pilule Hydrargyri. U. S., L., E., D. Blue Pills. Mercury ^j, confection of roses 3jss; rub together till all the globules disappear; then add powdered liquorice-root ^ss, and beat the whole into a mass, to be divided into 480 pills. Each pill con- tains 3 grains of the mass. Med. Prop. One of the mildest of the mercurials; alterative, sialagogue, and cathartic. Use. To procure the alterative and salivant operation of mercury. Pilule Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis. U. S. Calomel 3iv, powdered gum Arabic 3J, syrup q. s. Mix, and divide into 240 pills. Med. Prop, and Use. A convenient form for administering calomel. Pilule Hydrargyri Chloridi Composite. L. See Pilulae Calomelanos Compositae. Pilule Hydrargyri Bichloridi. Pilulae Majores Hoffmani. There are several formulae for these pills, varying in the propor- tion of corrosive sublimate,—each pill containing from the J^th to the |th of a grain. Use. Chiefly in syphilitic affections. Pilule Hydrargyri Bichloridi cum Conio. Kopp's Antiher- petic Pills. Bichloride of mercury gr. iij; dissolve in alcohol q. s., and add extract of hemlock 3J; mix, and divide into 60 pills.—Dose, 6 pills in the course of the day, gradually increased to 9 pills. Use. In chronic skin diseases, and syphilis. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 173 Pilule Hydrargyri Iodidi. L. Iodide (protiodide) of mer- cury 3J, confection of dog-rose 3iij, powdered ginger 3J- Beat thoroughly together.—Dose, 5 to 10 grains. Med. Prop. As the Iodide of Mercury. Use. Chiefly in syphilis. Pilule Hydrargyri Protiodidi Composite. (Biett.) Pro- tiodide of mercury 3ss, extract of guaiacum 3J, extract of lettuce 9ij, extract of sarza q. s. Make into 72 pills.—Dose, 1, and afterwards 2, a day.—(Ricord.) Iodide of mercury gr. j, extract of lettuce gr. j, extract of hemlock gr. ij, in each pill.—(Dr. Barbour.) Iodide of mercury 9j, aloes 3ss, dried sulphate of iron 3ss, myrrh ^ss, oil of savin gtt. xx.; divide into 24 pills. Dose, one 3 times a day, in amenorrhea. Pilule Hydrargyri Deuto-iodidi. Biniodide of mercury gr. j, extract of juniper gr. xij, powdered liquorice q. s. Divide into 10 pills. Med. Prop, and Use. As the Biniodide of Mercury. Pilule Hydrargyri et Potassii Iodidi. (Puche.) Iodide of potassium gr. viij, biniodide of mercury gr. viij, syrup of gum q. s.; rub together, and add sugar of milk gr. lxiv. Divide into 32 pills.—(Mialhe.) Iodide of potassium gr. vj, protiodide of mercury gr. vj, extract of opium gr. xij ; mix the salts accurately, then the extract, and divide into 24 pills. Use. In chronic skin diseases. Pilule Ipecacuanhe Composite. L. Dover's powder 3iij, fresh dried squill 3J, ammoniacum 3J, mucilage q. s.; mix.— Dose, 5 to 10 grains. Med. Prop. Anodyne, stimulant, expectorant. Use. In chronic bronchial affections. Pilule Ipecacuanhe et Opii. E. Dover's powder 3 parts, confection of roses 1 part; mix, and divide into four-grain pills. Med. Prop. Narcotic, and sudorific. Use. As Dover's Powder. Pilule Opii. U S. [Pil. Opii sive Thebaicae, E.] Powdered opium 3j, soap gr. xij. Beat them with water so as to form a 15* 174 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. mass, and divide into 60 pills. E. directs opium 1 part, sul- phate of potassa 3 parts, conserve of roses 1 part; to be divided into five-grain pills. Med. Prop, and Use. As Opium. Pilule Pectorales. Dr. Latham's Cough Pills. Dover's powder 3J, fresh squill 9j, ammoniacum 9j, calomel gr. iv; divide into 20 pills.—Dose, 1 three times a day. Use. In pectoral complaints, after the inflammation has been subdued. Pilule Plumbi Opiate. E. Acetate of lead 6 parts, opium 1 part, conserve of roses 1 part; mix, and divide into four-grain pills. Med. Prop. Astringent, sedative, and narcotic. Use. In dysentery, hemorrhages, and morbid discharges. Pilule Plumbi Iodidi. (Cottereau.) Iodide of lead 3SS, confection of roses q. s.; mix, and divide into 120 pills.—Dose, 1, gradually increased to 5, twice a day, in scrofula, scirrhous tumours, &c Pilule Plummeri. See Pilulae Calomelanos Compositae. Pilule Quinie Sulphatis. U. S. Sulphate of quinine |j, powdered gum Arabic 3ij, syrup q. s.; mix together the sulphate and the gum, then beat with the syrup so as to form a mass, to be divided into 480 pills.—Twelve pills are equal to 3j of good bark. Med. Prop, and Use. As Sulphate of Quinia. Pilule Rhei. U. S., E. Powdered rhubarb 3VJ, soaP 5ij > beat them up with water so as to form a mass, to be divided into 120 pills.—Each pill contains 3 grs. of rhubarb. Med. Prop, and Use. As rhubarb ; soap is a very good addition. Pilule Rhei Composite. U. S., L., E. Powdered rhubarb §j, aloes 3vj, myrrh 3iv, oil of peppermint f3ss, syrup of orange peel q. s.; beat together so as to form a mass, to be divided into 240 pills.—Dose, 2 to 4 pills, in constipation. Pilule Rhei et Carui. Dr. Kitchener' s Peristaltic Persuaders. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 175 Turkey rhubarb 3ij, syrup 3J, oil of caraway ejjx; divide into 40 pills.—Dose, 1 to 3 pills. Use. A favourite aperient and carminative in constipation and indigestion. Pilule Rhei et Ferri. E. Dried sulphate of iron 4 parts, extract of rhubarb 10 parts, conserve of roses 5 parts ; mix, and divide into five-grain pills. Med. Prop. A warm, tonic laxative. Use. In costiveness with debility of the stomach. Pilule Rufi. See Pilulae Aloes cum Myrrha. Pilule Sagapeni Composite. L. Sagapenum |j, aloes 3ss, syrup of ginger q. s.—Dose, 10 to 30 grains. Med. Prop. Stimulant, antispasmodic, and laxative. Use. In flatulent colic with costiveness. Pilule Saponis Composite. U. S., L. [Pilulae Saponis cum Opio, D.] Powdered opium ^ss, soap 3 ij ; beat them together, so as to form a pilular mass. (One grain of opium is contained in the mass.) Med. Prop, and Use. As Opium. Pilule Scille. E. Powdered squill 5 parts, ammoniac, ginger, and soap, each, 4 parts, conserve of roses 2 parts. Make a uni- form mass, and divide into five-grain pills. Med. Prop. A stimulant expectorant. Use. In chronic pectoral affections. Pilule Scille Composite. U S., L., D. Powdered squill 3J, powdered ginger and ammoniac, each, 3ij, soap 3iij, syrup q. s.; mix the powders together, then beat them with the soap, and add the syrup to form a mass; to be divided into 120 pills. —Dose, 5 to 10 grains three or four times a day. Med. Prop, and Use. As the last. Pilule Styracis Composite. L. [Pilulae Styracis, E.; Pilulae e Styrace, D.] Strained storax 3iij, opium 3J, saffron 3J ; mix. (Five grains contain one of opium.) 176 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Pilule Tonice. Tonic Pills. The following are used : Pills of Sulphate of Cnp>per, &c Sulphate of copper gr. j, powder of opium gr. ij, sulphate of quinia gr. viij, extract of gentian q. s.; divide into 4 pills.—Dose, 1 three times a day. In chronic quartan ague, and in chronic diarrhoea. Pills of Nitrate of Silver, &c Nitrate of silver gr. v—x, powdered opium 3ss, camphor and nutmeg, of each, 9j, mucilage q. s.; mix, and make into 20 pills.—Dose, one, morning and evening. In epilepsy and chorea. Pills of Nitrate of Silver. Nitrate of silver gr. iij—vj, crumb of bread (free from salt) q. s.; make into 12 pills.—Dose, 1,2, or 3 twice a day. Pills of Ammoniated Copper. Ammoniated copper 9j, confection of roses q. s.; divide into 40 pills.—Dose, one or two at bed- time. Arsenic Pills. Arsenious acid gr. ij, opium gr. iij, soap gr. viij, powdered liquorice root q. s.; mix, and divide into 20 pills.— Dose, 1 two or three times a day, gradually increased. In in- termittent fever and chronic skin diseases. Pilule Zinci Valerianatis. (Boudet.) Valerianate of zinc gr. ix, tragacanth 3ss; mix and divide into 12 pills.—Dose, 1 night and morning; in nervous diseases. Pimenta. U. S., L., E., D. Allspice. The unripe berries of Myrtus Pimenta. Med. Prop, and Use. As the aromatics; chiefly used to impart flavour. Piper. U. S. [Piper Nigrum, L., E., D.] Black Pepper. The dried berries of Piper nigrum. Med. Prop. Stimulant, and carminative. Use. Chiefly as a condiment; also as an adjuvant, to excite the stomach. Piper Longum. L., E., D. The dried unripe spikes of Piper longum. Med. Prop, and Use. Similar to the preceding. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 177 Pix Abietis. U S. [Pix Abietina, L.; Pix Burgundica, E, D.] Burgundy Pitch is the prepared concrete juice of the Norway Spruce (Abies excelsa). Med. Prop. A mild rubefacient. Use. As a mild revulsive, in the form of a plaster. Pix Canadensis. U. S. Hemlock Pitch. Hemlock Gum. The prepared concrete juice of Abies Canadensis, the native hem- lock spruce of U. S. Med. Prop, and Use. The same as the preceding, for which it may be substituted. Pix Liquida. U. S., L., E., D. Tar is the impure turpentine, procured by burning, from the wood of Pinus palustris, and other species of pines. Med. Prop. As Terebinthina. Use. In chronic bronchial affections, in the form of tar-water; also by inhalation; and, externally, as an ointment, in tinea capitis. Pix Nigra. L. [Pix Arida, E.] The solid black mass left after the evaporation of the liquid parts of tar. Med. Prop. Gently stimulant and tonic;—scarcely ever employed. Plumbi Acetas. U S., L., E., D. Sugar of Lead. This salt is always procured in the U. S. from the manufacturing chemist. The L. and E. Phars. direct it to be made by dissolving litharge by the aid of heat, in dilute acetic (pyroligneous, El) acid. The D. Phar. directs the carbonate to be dissolved in the acid. Med. Prop. Astringent, and sedative. Use. In hemorrhages, especially haemoptysis; in dysentery, and in the black vomit of yellow fever; externally, as a sedative lotion to inflamed surfaces; also as an injection in inflamed mucous membranes. Plumbi Carbonas. U. S., L., E., D. White Lead, or Cerussa, is manufactured either by passing carbonic acid gas through a solution of the subacetate, or by exposing lead to the vapours of vinegar, at a certain temperature. Med. Prop. Sedative, and astringent. 1T8 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Use. Not internally; externally, sprinkled over abraded surfaces, and to form a plaster. Plumbi Chloridum. L. Dissolve §xix of acetate of lead in Oiij of boiling water; and §vj of chloride of sodium in Oj of water; mix the solutions, and when cold, wash the precipitates with distilled water, and dry it.—Not used in medicine. Plumbi Iodidum. L., E. Acetate of lead fix, iodide of potas- sium ^vij. Dissolve the former in Ovj of distilled water, and filter; add it to the latter, dissolved in Oij of water; wash the precipitate, and dry it. \_E. directs the nitrate, instead of the acetate.]—Dose, gr. ss to gr. iv. Med. Prop. Resolvent. Use. In scrofulous tumours, and indolent swellings. Plumbi Nitras. E. Digest, with a gentle heat, litharge |ivss in dilute nitric acid Oj; filter, and crystallize.—Not used in medicine. Plumbi Oxidum Hydratum. L. Solution of diacetate of lead Ovj, distilled water Cong, iij, solution of potash Ovj. Mix, and wash the precipitated oxide till nothing alkaline remains.— Not used in medicine. Plumbi Oxidum Rubrum. U. S., E. Red Lead, or Minium, is procured by heating the protoxide in a reverberatory furnace, till, by absorbing oxygen, it assumes a red colour.—Not em- ployed in medicine; in pharmacy, for preparing acetic acid, and solution of chlorine. Plumbi Oxidum Semivitreum. U. S., L., D. [Lithargyrum, E.] Litharge is procured by exposing melted lead to a current of air till oxidized, and the oxide is' partially fused into crystal- line grains.—Not used internally; in pharmacy, for making lead plaster. Plumbi Tannas. By decomposing a solution of acetate of lead by a solution of tannic acid. Used, externally, as a resolvent, in chronic enlargements. Podophyllum. U S. May-apple. The rhizoma of Podophyllum peltatum. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 179 Med. Prop. An active and certain hydragogue cathartic. Use. As Jalap, which it strongly resembles. Polygala Rubella. U. S. (Sec) Bitter Polygala. The root and herb of Polygala rubella. Med. Prop. Tonic, laxative, and diaphoretic. Use. In dyspepsia. Polygonum Bistorta. D. Bistort Root. The root of Poly- gonum Bistorta. Med. Prop, and Use. As the vegetable astringents generally. Pomatum. A name given to unctuous scented preparations, used for the hair. Porrum. L. Leek-root. The root of Allium Porrum. Med. Prop, and Use. Similar to the Onion, though milder. Potassa. U S. [Potassae Hydras, L.; Potassa Caustica, D.] Caustic Potash. Solution of potassa, any quantity; evaporate rapidly in a clean iron vessel over the fire, till ebullition ceases, and the potassa melts. Pour this into cylindrical moulds, and when cold, transfer to well-stopped bottles. Med. Prop. A powerful escharotic. Use. To form issues, and open deep abscesses. Potassa cum Calce. L., E. Vienna Caustic. [Potassa Caus- tica cum Calce, D.] Rub together equal parts of hydrate of potassa and quicklime, and keep them in a well-stopped bottle. [E. and D. direct solution of potash to be evaporated in a clean iron vessel to one-fourth, and enough quicklime added to form a stiff paste.] Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding, but milder and more manageable. Potasse Acetas. U S., L., E., D. Sal Diureticus. Saturate any quantity of acetic acid with carbonate of potassa, gradually added; then filter, and evaporate cautiously by means of a sand- bath till a dry salt remains. It must be kept in closely-stopped bottles.—Dose, 9j to 3ij. Med. Prop. Diuretic; cathartic, in large doses. Use. In dropsies, lithiasis, and as a deobstruent. 180 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Potasse Ammonio-Tartras. (Nieiniann.) Dissolve cream of tartar in hot water, and add carbonate of ammonia to saturation. Evaporate to dryness by a gentle heat. Potasse Bitartras. U.S., L., E., D. Cream of Tartar. Procured from the crude tartar, or argol, deposited by wines, by solution and crystallization. The crystals are again dissolved in boiling water, containing charcoal and clay. When these have subsided, the clear solution is drawn off, and left to crys- tallize. Med. Prop. Cathartic, diuretic, and refrigerant. Use. In dropsies, frequently combined with jalap; as a drink in fevers; also in pharmacy. POTASSE BORO-TARTRAS. P. Soluble Cream of Tartar. Bi- tartrate of potassa, in powder, fiv, boracic acid, in crystals, 3j, water ibij; put them in a silver basin; boil till most of the water is evaporated, stirring incessantly. When the matter becomes very thick, take it up in portions, flatten them, and place them in a stove till sufficiently dry; reduce to powder, and preserve in well-stopped bottles. Med. Prop. A mild, cooling purgative. Potasse Carbonas. U S., L., E. [Potassae Carbonas e Lixivio Cinere, D.] Dissolve ibiij of impure carbonate of potassa (pearl- ash) in Oijss of water; filter, and pour it into a clean iron vessel, and evaporate by a gentle heat till the solution thickens; then stir it constantly with an iron spatula, till it granulates. Med. Prop. Antacid, diuretic, and antilithic. Use. In gravel, dropsy, and dyspepsia with acidity; also to pre- pare the neutral mixture. Potasse Carbonas Impurus. U S. [Carbonas Lnpura, L.; Lixivus Cinis, D.] The potash and pearlash of commerce is procured by lixiviating wood ashes, and evaporating the solution to dryness.—Not employed in medicine. Potasse Carbonas Purus. U. S. [Potassae Carbonas Purum, E. ; Potassae Carbonas e Tartari Crystallis, D.] Salt of Tartar. Rub up separately into powder ibij of cream of tartar and ibj of nitrate of potash; then mix together, and throw them into a AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 181 brass vessel heated nearly to redness, that they may undergo combustion. From the residue, prepare the pure carbonate, in the manner directed for the carbonate. Med. Prop, and Use. As Potassae Carbonas. Potasse Bicarbonas. U S., L., E., D. Dissolve ibiv of carbonate of potassa in Ox of distilled water, and pass carbonic acid through the solution till fully saturated. Then filter, and evaporate at a heat below 160°, that crystals may form; pour off the supernatant liquid, and dry the crystals upon bibulous paper. Med. Prop, and Use. As the carbonate; but milder, and more acceptable to the stomach. Potasse Chloras. (Graham.) Mix 2 parts of carbonate of potash with 1 of quicklime, and expose to a current of chlorine gas. When saturated, heat the mixture gently, digest it in water, and separate the chlorate from the filtered liquid by crystalliza- tion.—Dose, 5 to 15 grains. Med. Prop. Refrigerant, and diuretic. Potasse Citras. Saturate a solution of citric acid with carbo- nate or bicarbonate of potassa, and evaporate to dryness.—Rarely used except in solution. See Liquor Potassae Citratis. Potasse Hydras. L. See Potassa. Potasse Hydriodas. See Potassii Iodidum. Potasse Hydrocyanas. See Potassii Cyanidum. Potasse Murias. See Potassii Chloridum. Potasse Nitras. U. S., L., E., D. The nitre or saltpetre of commerce is chiefly a natural production found in various parts of the earth, but derived mostly from India. In commerce it is known by the name of crude saltpetre. It is purified by dissolving in boiling water, and crystallizing; it then constitutes refined saltpetre. Med. Prop. Refrigerant, diuretic, and diaphoretic. Use. In fevers of a sthenic character, active hemorrhages; and in large doses (3ij to 3vj in 24 hours), in acute rheumatism. 16 182 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Potasse Nitras Purificatum. D. Dissolve 1 part of nitrate of potassa in 2 parts of boiling water; filter, and set aside to crystallize. Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding. Potasse Nitras Fusa. P. Sal Prunelle. Fuse nitre in a Hessian crucible, adding l-128th part of sulphur, and pour out the product on a smooth marble slab, or into moulds. [It is a mixture of nitrate and sulphate of potassa.] Potasse Sulphas. US.,L.,E.,D. Vitriolated Tartar. Pro- cured by igniting in a crucible the salt which remains in the retort after the production of nitric acid, so as to expel the ex- cess of sulphuric acid; then dissolve in water and crystallize; or the excess of acid may be neutralized by carbonate of potassa. —Dose, 9j to 3SS- [I*1 bas appeared sometimes to produce poisonous effects.] Med. Prop. A mild purgative, and refrigerant. Use. In febrile affections. Potasse Sulphas cum Sulphure. E. Sal Polychrest. Mix equal parts of nitre and sulphur; throw the mixture, in small successive portions, into a red-hot crucible; and when cool, reduce the salt to powder, and preserve in well-stopped bottles.— Dose, 3ss to 3J- Med. Prop. Like the preceding. Potasse Bisulphas. L., E., D. Dissolve Ibij of the salt which remains after the distillation of nitric acid, in Ovj of boiling water; add to it Ibj (fgvij f3J, El) of sulphuric acid, and boil down the solution, and set it aside to crystallize.—D. Mix 1 part of sulphuric acid with 6 of water, saturate it with carbo- nate of potassa, add another part of sulphuric acid, and evapo- rate, that crystals may form on cooling.—Dose, gr. xx to 3ij, properly diluted. Med. Prop. Aperient, and tonic. Use. In constipation with loss of appetite. Potasse Tartras. U. S., L., E., D. Soluble Tartar. Dis- solve ^xvj of carbonate of potassa in Oj of water, and gradually AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 183 add Ibiij, or q. s. of powdered cream of tartar, till perfectly saturated, and boil. Filter the liquor, evaporate till a pellicle begins to form, and set aside to crystallize. Pour off the liquid, dry the crystals on bibulous paper, and preserve in well-stopped bottles. Med. Prop. A mild, cooling cathartic. Use. In febrile diseases. Potassii Bromidum. L. To Ojss of distilled water add |j of iron filings, and then gij of bromine. Set aside for half an hour, stirring occasionally; then apply a gentle heat, and when the liquid becomes greenish add 3xvrj of carbonate of potassa, dissolved in Ojss of water. Filter, wash what remains with Oij of boiling water, and filter again; then evaporate the mixed solutions that crystals may form.—Dose, 2 to 5 grains. Med. Prop. Alterative, and resolvent. Use. In enlarged spleen; in bronchocele, and scrofula; externally to scrofulous and other tumours. Potassii Chloridum. (Potassae Murias.) To a solution of carbonate of potash, add muriatic acid to saturation; concentrate the solution by evaporation, and leave it to cool slowly so that crystals may form.—Not used in Medicine. Potassii Cyanuretum. U. S. Expose 3 viij of ferrocyanuret of potassium to a moderate heat, until it becomes nearly white, and perfectly dry; then introduce it into an earthen retort, having its beak loosely stopped, and exposed to a red heat for 2 hours, or as long as any gas escapes. Withdraw the retort from the fire, close the orifice with lute, and then let the whole remain till quite cold; then break the retort, reduce the black mass to powder, and put it into a f^xij bottle, with f^vj of distilled water. Agitate occasionally for half an hour, filter, evaporate rapidly to dryness, and preserve in closely-stopped bottles. Med. Prop. As Hydrocyanic Acid; poisonous.—Dose, i to i of a grain.—It is not so liable to decomposition as Hydrocyanic Acid. Potassii Ferrocyanuretum. U S. [Potassii Ferrocyanidum, L., E.] Prussiate of Potash. Prepared on a large scale by 184 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. calcining animal matters with the pearlash of commerce, occa- sionally adding iron filings; dissolve the calcined mass, after cooling, in water, and then crystallize by evaporation. Med. Prop. Said to be sedative to the circulatory and nervous system.—Dose, 10 to 15 grains, three or four times a day. (Dr. Smart.) Potassii Iodidum. U S., L., E. [Potassae Hydriodas, D.] Mix 3vj of iodine with Oiij of distilled water, and add ^iij of iron filings, stirring frequently with a spatula for half an hour. Heat gently, and when the liquid assumes a greenish colour, add gradually ^iv, or q. s. of carbonate of potassa, previously dissolved in f^viij of distilled water, till it ceases to produce a precipitate. Continue the heat for half an hour, and then filter. Wash the residuum with f3viij, of boiling distilled water, and again filter. Mix the filtered liquors, and evaporate so that crystals may form. Pour off the liquid, and dry the crystals on bibulous paper.—Dose, 2 to 15 grains, three times a day. Med. Prop. As Iodine, but rather milder; it increases the secre- tions, especially the urine. Use. As an alterative, in tertiary syphilis, scrofula, rheumatism, &c. Potassii Sulphuretum. U. S., L., E. [Potassae Sulphure- tum, D.] Liver of Sulphur. Rub together ^ij of dried car- bonate of potassa, and 3j of sulphur; melt the mixture in a covered crucible over the fire; then pour it out, and when cold, break into pieces, and put into a well-stopped bottle. [It con- sists of a mixture of tersulphuret of potassium and sulphate of potassa.] Med. Prop. Sedative; poisonous in large doses.—Dose, 2 to 10 grains. Use. In chronic rheumatism, and gout; in cutaneous affections; also as a wash, or ointment, in scabies. Potus. Drinks.—Ptisane. Ptisanes. These are nearly synony- mous, and include various medicated decoctions, infusions, and solutions, to be taken ad libitum. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 185 Prinos. U. S. (Sec.) Black Alder. The bark of Prinos verti- ' cillatus. Med. Prop. Tonic, and astringent. Use. In intermittents, diarrhoea, gangrene, chronic skin diseases, and ill-conditioned ulcers ; also externally. Prunum. U.S. [Pruna, L., E. ; Prunus Domestica, D.] Prunes. The dried fruit of Prunus domestica. Med. Pi-op. Laxative, and nutritious. Use. As an article of diet, in costiveness, especially in convale- scence. Prunus Virginiana. U S. Wild-cherry Bark. The bark of Cerasus serotina (De Candolle), Cerasus Virginiana (Michaux). Med. Prop. Tonic, calmative, and sedative. Use. In cold infusion, in debility of the digestive organs attended with nervous irritation; in phthisis, hectic fever, and inter- mittents. Pulpe. Pulps are the soft parts of plants, separated from the harder parts by pressing them through a hair sieve. If unripe or dry, they should first be boiled in a little water till they become soft. Cassie Fistule Pulpa. U S. [Cassia, L.; Cassiae Pulpa, E. ; Cassia Fistula, D.] Pour boiling water upon bruised purg- ing cassia pods, so that the pulp may be softened; then strain, first through a coarse sieve, and afterwards through a hair one, and evaporate, by means of a water-bath, to the proper consistence. Med. Prop, and Use. Laxative. See Cassia Fistula. Pulpe Caroti. P. Carrot roots are reduced to a pulp by means of a rasp. The tubers of potato, bulb of garlic, &c, are prepared in the same way. Med. Prop, and Use. To form a mild stimulating poultice. Pulpe Conii. P. Fresh hemlock is beaten in a marble mortar to a fine paste, and pressed through a hair sieve. All fresh leaves and flowers may be reduced to pulp in the same way. Med. Prop, and Use. To form an anodyne emollient poultice. Pruni Pulpa. U S. Soften prunes in the vapour of boiling 16* 186 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. water, separate the stones, and beat the remainder in a marble mortar, and press through a hair sieve. Med. Prop, and Use. As Prunum. Pulpa Rose Canine. The ripe hips of the dog-rose are to be deprived of their seeds and hairs, and reduced to pulp in the usual way.—P. directs them to be put into an earthen pan, moistened uniformly with white wine, and left in a cool place, stirring them occasionally till they become soft. They are then beaten and pressed through a sieve. Med. Prop. Slightly astringent. Tamarindi Pulpa. U. S. [Tamarindus, L., E.; Tamarindus Indica, D.] Digest tamarinds with a small quantity of water, till they become of uniform consistence; then separate the seeds and filaments by pressing through a hair sieve. Med. Prop. Refrigerant, and nutritious. Use. Chiefly as a diet for the sick and convalescent, in consti- pation. Pulveres. Substances are administered in the form of powders which are not given in very large doses, have no corrosive pro- perty, and do not deliquesce rapidly on exposure to the air. When the powder is composed of more than one ingredient, the constituents should, as a general rule, be pulverized separately, and then united. Pulvis Absorbens. (Sp. Ph.) Carbonate of magnesia 3iv, dried subcarbonate of soda 9j, ginger 9j ; mix. Pulvis Aloes Compositus. L., D. Aloes (hepatic, Dl) % jss, guaiac §j, compound powder of cinnamon 3iv; mix. Med. Prop. A warm, stimulant cathartic;—but little used. Pulvis Aloes et Canelle. U S. [Pulvis Aloes cum Canella, D.] Hiera Picra. Aloes (hepatic, Dl) ibj, canella bark 3iij; rub separately into fine powder, and mix. Med. Prop. Warm, cathartic, and emmenagogue. Use. In amenorrhoea. Pulvis Alterativus. (Dr. Plummer.) Equal parts of calomel AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 187 and golden sulphur of antimony, levigated together. [It changes by keeping.] Use. In chronic skin diseases, and some forms of scrofula. Pulvis Aluminis Compositus. E. Alum |iv, kino gj; mix. —Dose, 5 to 20 grains. Med. Prop. Astringent. Use. In diarrhoea, menorrhagia, and hemorrhage from the stomach or bowels. [The alum and kino undergo decomposition.] Pulvis Aluminis cum Capsico. (Dr. Turnbull.) Alum 3 parts, concentrated tincture of capsicum 1 part; mix, dry, and again triturate. Use. Applied to the tonsils, in ulcers of a low form, or in gan- grene, as in scarlatina maligna. Pulvis Aluminis Opiatus. (Bouchardat.) Alum 3j, sugar 3j, opium gr. iv; mix for 12 powders.—Dose, 2 or 3 daily, in obstinate diarrhoeas and passive hemorrhages. Pulvis Amyli et Sode. Devergie's Alkaline Powder. Mix 1 part of carbonate of soda, in fine powder, with 10 of white starch. Use. For external application, in certain skin diseases. Pulveres Antacide. Antacid Powders. The following are employed: Compound Cretaceous Powder with Opium. Prepared chalk 3JSS, cinnamon 3J, long pepper gr. viij, opium gr. vj; mix, and divide into 12 powders.—Dose, one 3 or 4 times a day, in diarrhoea. Powder of Crabs' Eyes and Rhubarb. Crabs' eyes (or Testa praeparata) 3j, rhubarb 9ij; mix, and divide into 4 powders.— Dose, one, once or twice a day, in diarrhoea with acidity. Powder of Soda, Magnesia, &c Magnesia ^ss, bicarbonate of soda and ginger, of each, 9j; mix.—Dose, a small teaspoonful occasionally. Powder of Magnesia and Columbo. Magnesia 3JSS> powdered columbo 3j ; mix, and divide into 6 powders.—Dose, one 3 times a day in sugar and water, in cardialgia. 188 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. PuLVERES Anthelmintice. Anthelmintic Powders. The fol- lowing are approved: Powder of Calomel and Gamboge. Calomel gr. v, gamboge gr. vj—x; mix.—The whole to be taken for an adult, in syrup, early in the morning. Powder of Calomel and Pink-root. Calomel gr. iv, powdered spigelia gr. x; mix.—To be taken two mornings successively, and followed by a purgative. For a child over 4 years old. Powder of Pink-root, Senna, and Savine. Powdered spigelia and senna, of each, 9ij, powdered savine gr. xij; mix, and divide into 6 powders.—Dose, one every morning until three are taken, followed by a dose of castor oil. Powder of Male Fern. This may be given in the dose of 3j—iij, in a teacupful of any distilled water, early in the morning; to be followed in the course of two hours by a brisk purgative. In taenia. (Nouffer.) Powder of Cochineal and Common Salt. (Dr. Rush.) Chloride of sodium 3iij, powdered cochineal gr. xv; divide into 6 doses.— One every morning, following the last dose with a cathartic. Pulvis Antimonialis. E., D. [Pulvis Antimonii Compositus, L.] Sesquisulphuret of antimony Ibj, hartshorn shavings ibij (an equal quantity, El); mix, and throw them into a crucible red-hot in the fire, and stir constantly till vapour no longer rises. Rub what remains to powder, and put it into a proper crucible; then apply heat, and raise it to redness, and keep it so for 2 hours. Rub the residue to a very fine powder. [Made in imitation of James's Powder.] Med. Prop. As tartar emetic, but very uncertain. Use. In fevers, and inflammations. Pulvis Aromaticus. U. S., E., D. [Pulvis Cinnamomi Com- positus, L.] Cinnamon and ginger, each, ^ij, cardamoms, de- prived of the capsules, and nutmeg, each, gj; rub together to a very fine powder. Med. Prop. Stimulant, and carminative. Use. In dyspepsia, with flatulence; chiefly as an adjuvant. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 189 Pulvis Arsenicalis. See Pulvis Escharoticus Arsenicalis. Pulveres Astringentes. Astringent Powders. Compound Powder of Alum. Alum 9j, kino gr. v; divide into 5 powders.—Dose, one every 2 hours. Powder of Sugar of Lead and Calomel. Acetate of lead gr. ss—j, calomel gr. j—ij ; mix, and divide into 4 powders.—Dose, one every 3 hours, in cholera infantum. Powder of Alum and Opium. Alum 3ss, powdered opium gr. iij; divide into 6 powders.—Dose, one every 3 or 4 hours, in diarrhcea. Pulvis Asari Compositus. D. Dried asarabacca leaves |j, dried lavender flowers 3J : rub together to a fine powder.—A good errhine. Pulvis Belladonne Compositus. (Hecker.) Belladonna gr. j—iij, musk gr. v, camphor gr. v, white sugar 3ss; mix, for 8 powders.—(Kopp.) Belladonna root gr. ij, ipecac, gr. ij, sul- phur gr. xxxij, sugar of milk gr. xxxij ; mix, for 8 powders. —Dose, 3 daily, in hooping-cough. Pulvis Calamine cum Myrrha. (St. B. HI) Equal parts of calamine and myrrh. Use. For sprinkling over ulcers. Pulvis Calomelanos Arsenicalis. (Dupuytren.) One part of arsenious acid intimately mixed with 199 parts of calomel. [Other proportions are used.] Med. Prop. Stimulant, and mild escharotic. Lse. Applied to cancerous sores, lupus, &c. Pulvis Calumbe Compositus. Columbo gj, rhubarb ^ss, dried carbonate of soda 3ij, ginger 3J- Med. Prop. Tonic, laxative, and antacid. Use. An excellent remedy in dyspepsia with acidity. Pulvis Calumbe et Ferri. (Dr. Copland.) Potassio-tartrate of iron gr. x to xv, columbo gr. xij to xx; mix. Med. Prop. Tonic. Use. In dyspepsia with amenorrhoea, and chlorosis. 190 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Pulvis Camphore. P. Camphor is readily pulverized by triturating it with the addition of a few drops of alcohol. Pulvis pro Cataplasmate. D. Linseed meal 1 part, oatmeal 2 parts; mix. Use. For making an emollient poultice. Pulveres Cathartice. Cathartic Powders. The following are among the most approved : Powder of Calomel and Jalap. Calomel gr. v—x, powdered jalap gr. x—xv. To be given in molasses or syrup. Powder of Calomel and Rhubarb. Calomel gr. v—x, powdered rhubarb gr. x—xv. To be given as the former. Powder of Jalap and Cream of Tartar. Cream of tartar 3'j, powdered jalap 3J- To be divided into 6 powders.—Dose, 1 every two hours, in molasses. Compound Powder of Jalap. As the former, with the addition of gr. vj of gamboge. To be used in the same manner. Powder of Sulphur and Cream of Tartar. Sulphur ^ss, cream of tartar 3j; to be mixed in molasses. Dose, a teaspoonful three or four times daily. Powder of Milk of Sulphur and Magnesia. Milk of sulphur and calcined magnesia, each, ^ss. To be used as the last; in cos- tiveness with acidity. Pulvis Cetacei. Spermaceti is pulverized as camphor. Pulvis Cinchone Compositus. (Dr. Chapman.) Powdered cinchona bark §ss, pulverized serpentaria 3J, bicarbonate of soda 3ss; mix, and divide into 4 powders.—Dose, 1 every three or four hours, in intermittent fevers. [The efficacy of Peruvian bark is increased by the above additions.] Pulvis Cinnamomi Compositus. L. Cinnamon ^ij, cardamom 3jss, ginger gj, long pepper ^ss; mix. See Pulvis Aromaticus. Pulvis Crete Compositus. L., E., D. Prepared chalk ibss, cinnamon ^iv, tormentil and gum Arabic, each, ^iij, long pepper §ss. Rub separately into very fine powder, and then mix them. Med. Prop. Astringent, and aromatic. Use. In diarrhoea with acidity. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 191 Pulvis Crete Compositus cum Opio. L., E., D. Compound chalk powder §vjss (§vj, El), opium 9iv; mix very accurately. Use. In diarrhoea with acidity ; as the preceding. Pulvis Dentifricus. P. Red bole giij, coral giij, sepia bone 3iij, dragon's blood 3jss, cochineal 3iij, cream of tartar ifivss, cinnamon 3vj, cloves 3j; all to be very finely powdered and mixed.—A few more formulae for dentifrices are here added : Aromatic calamus 3iv, charcoal 3j, soap 3J, oil of cloves Ejjxij. —Venetian talc ^iv, bicarbonate of soda ^j, carmine gr. v, oil of mint gr. x.—Charcoal 4 parts, cinchona 2 parts, myrrh 1 part.—Cinchona gij, orris powder 3j, muriate of ammonia §ss, catechu 3vj, myrrh 3VJ, oil of cloves tnjvij.—Camphorated chalk is made by mixing 1 part of finely pulverized camphor with from 3 to 7 parts of prepared chalk. Use. As tooth-powders. Pulvis Depilatorius. (Plenk.) Quicklime 3X1J, starch %x, yellow sulphuret of arsenic 3j ; to be mixed with water, when used, and the paste left on to dry.—(Rayer.) Lime 3j, car- bonate of potash ^ij, charcoal 3J- Use. For the removal of the hair. Pulveres Diaphoretice. Diaphoretic Powders. The follow- ing may be used: Powder of Nitrate of Potassa, Calomel, and Tartar Emetic. (Nitrous Powders.) Nitrate of potassa 3J, calomel gr. vj, tartar emetic gr. ss—gr. j ; to be divided into six powders.— Dose, 1 every 2 hours, in febrile affections not of a low form, and without irritation of the stomach. Powder of Opium, Ipecacuanha, Calomel, and Nitre. Opium gr. iij, ipecac, gr. vj, calomel gr. jss, nitrate of potassa 3ss; to be divided into 6 powders.—Dose, 1 three times a day. Powder of Guaiac, &c Guaiac and nitrate of potassa, of each, 3j, ipecac, gr. iij, opium gr. ij ; to be made into 6 powders.— Dose, 1 three times a day. Use. In acute rheumatism, after proper depletion. Dover's Powders. See Pulv. Ipecac, et Opii. 192 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Powders of Calomel, Opium, and Ipecacuanha. (Dr. CHAPMAN.) Calomel gr. xvj, opium gr. iv, ipecac, gr. viij; to be divided into 8 powders.—Dose, 1 every hour or two hours, till slight ptyalism is produced. Use. In dysentery, &c. Pulveres Diuretice. Diuretic Powders. The following may be used: Powder of Calomel, Squill, and Digitalis. Calomel, squill, and digitalis, each, gr. xij ; divide into 12 powders.—Dose, 1 three times a day, till slight ptyalism is produced; in dropsy. Powder of Una Ursi and Soda. Powdered uva ursi 3JSS, bicar- bonate of soda 3J; to be divided into 12 powders.—Dose, 1 three times a day; to be taken in sugar and water. Use. In nephritic complaints. Powder of Squill and Nitrate of Potassa. Powdered squill gr. vj, nitrate of potassa 3J; to be divided into 6 powders.—Dose, 1 three times a day; to be taken in sugar and water. Pulvis Doveri. See Pulp. Ipecac, et Opii. Pulveres Effervescentes. E. Soda Powders. Divide |j of tartaric acid, and 534 grs. of bicarbonate of soda (or 640 grs. of bicarbonate of potash), each, separately, into 16 powders. To be kept in papers of different colours; and when used, to be dissolved in separate glasses, half full of water, and mixed. [The more usual proportions are 25 grs. of tartaric acid and 30 of the soda.] Med. Prop. Refrigerant. Pulveres Effervescentes Aperientes. Seidlitz Powders. Rochelle salts 3ij, bicarbonate of soda 9ij, in one paper; tar- taric acid 3ss, in the other paper. To be taken as the preceding. Med. Prop, and Use. Refrigerant, and gently laxative;—in sick headache, slight constipation, &c. Pulveres Effervescentes cum Ferro. Dried sulphate of iron 3ss, white sugar 3iij, tartaric acid 3JSS; mix, and divide into 12 powders. Bicarbonate of soda 3ij, white sugar 3iij J mix; and divide into 12 powders. To be taken as the preceding. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 193 Pulveres Effervescentes cum Zingibere. Ginger-beer Powders. Ginger 3J, bicarbonate of soda 3vj, white sugar 3xx, essence of lemon gtt. vj; mix, and divide into 12 powders. The other papers contain 3ss of tartaric acid in each. To be taken as the preceding. Med. Prop. Gently stimulant, and antiemetic. Pulvis Emeticus. (Dr. Wood.) Tartar emetic gr.j, powdered ipecacuanha 9j. To be taken in a wineglassful of water. Med. Prop. A prompt and efficient emetic. Pulveres Emmenagoge. Emmenagogue Powdets. The fol- lowing are frequently employed: Powder of Hiera Picra. See Pulvis Aloes et Canellae. Powder of Savin, &c Dried savin, in powder, 3j, powdered ginger 3J> sulphate of potassa 3ij; divide into 6 powders.— Dose, one twice a day. Powder of Savin and Cantharides. Powdered savin 3j, powdered cantharides gr. ij; mix, and divide into 4 powders.-—Dose, one every night. Powdered Ergot may be given in the dose of 10 grains, morning and night. Pulvis Escharoticus Arsenicalis. P. Red sulphuret of mer- cury 3iv, dragon's blood 3iv, levigated arsenious acid 3ij; mix accurately. [Other authorities direct less arsenic] To be moistened when using it. Pulvis Escharoticus Aluminosus. Sharp's Pulvis Angelicus. Burnt alum and red precipitate, equal parts. Med. Prop. . A mild escharotic. Pulveres Expectorantie. Expectorant Powders. The fol- lowing are most approved: Powder of Myrrh, &c Powdered myrrh gr. xij, ipecacuanha gr. vj, nitrate of potassa 3ss; mix, and divide into 4 powders.— Dose, one every 4 hours. Powder of Opium, Ipecacuanha, &c Opium gr. iij, ipecacuanha gr. iij—vj, nitrate of potassa 3J, calomel gr. iij; mix, and divide into 6 powders.—Dose, one every 2 or 3 hours, in syrup. 17 194 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Pulvis Febrifugus. Nitrous Powders. Nitrate of potash 3j, tartar emetic gr. j, calomel gr. vj ; divide into 6 powders.— Dose, one every 2 or 3 hours. [The proportion of the mercurial may be diminished.] Pulvis Ferri Compositus. (Dr. Neligan.) Saccharated car- bonate of iron 3ss, myrrh gr. xxiv, aromatic powder 3ss; mix, for 12 doses. Use. In protracted infantile diarrhoea. Pulvis Ferri et Ipecacuanhe. (Dr. Ashwell.) Carbonate of iron gr. viij, ipecacuanha gr. j, mercury with chalk gr. ij. Use. Once or twice daily, in anemia. Pulvis Ferro-Carbonicus. (Dauvergne.) Sulphate of iron 10 parts, charcoal 35 parts; mix. Used, externally, in sychosis menti. Pulvis Ipecacuanhe et Opii. U S. [Pulvis Ipecacuanhae Compositus, L., E., D.] Dover's Powder. Opium and ipe- cacuanha, in powder, each, 3J, sulphate of potash 3j; rub them together to a very fine powder. [The Pulvis Doveri, P., comes nearer to the original form: sulphate of potash ^iv, nitrate of potash giv, ipecacuanha, extract of opium, liquorice root, each, Med. Prop. An admirable anodyne diaphoretic. Use. In the phlegmasiae generally, after proper depletion; in dysentery, diarrhoea, and hemorrhages. Pulvis Jacobi. See Pulvis Antimonialis. Pulvis Jalape Compositus. U. S., L., E., D. Powdered jalap 3j, cream of tartar ^ij.—Dose, 3ss to 3J- Med. Prop. An active hydragogue cathartic. Use. In inflammatory dropsies, and scrofulous diseases of the joints. Pulvis Kino Compositus. L., D. Kino 3XV, cinnamon ^ss, hard opium 3J ; rub them separately to a very fine powder, and then mix them. [Twenty grains contain one grain of opium.] AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 195 Med. Prop. Astringent, and slightly narcotic. Use. In chronic dysentery and diarrhoea, and in passive hemor- rhages. Pulvis pro Cataplasmate. D. Flaxseed which remains after the expression of the oil, 1 part, oatmeal 2 parts. [The un- pressed flaxseed meal is preferable.] Pulvis Rhei Compositus. E. Gregory's Powder. Magnesia ibj, powdered ginger ^ij, powdered rhubarb giv; mix thoroughly, and preserve in well-stopped bottles.—Dose, gr. v__x, for a child two or three years old. Med. Prop. Laxative, cordial, and antacid. Use. In infantile colic, and diarrhoea. Pulvis Salinus Compositus. E., D. Pure chloride of sodium £iv, sulphate of magnesia giv, sulphate of potash giij. Dry the salts separately, and triturate them together.—Dose, 3ij to 3ss. Med. Prop. Aperient. Use. In costive habits. Pulvis Salinus Anticholericus. (Dr. Stevens.) Chlorate of potash gr. vij, muriate of soda gr. xx, carbonate of soda 3ss; mix, for one dose.—(Dr. O'Shaughnessy.) Phosphate of soda gr. x, chloride of sodium gr. x, carbonate of soda gr. v, sulphate of soda gr. x; mix for one dose. Use. In cholera, with a view of supplying the saline elements to the blood. Pulvis Scammonii Compositus. L., E., D. Scammony, dried extract of jalap, each |ij, ginger gss; rub separately to a very fine powder, and mix.—Dose, gr. x—xx. \E. directs equal parts of scammony and cream of tartar to be mixed together.— Dose, gr. xx—xxx.] Med. Prop. An active cathartic. Pulvis Spongie. D. Beat the sponge, cut it into small pieces, and burn it in a covered iron vessel until it becomes black and friable ; then reduce it to powder. Med. Prop. Similar to Iodine, upon which its virtues depend. Use. In goitre, and scrofulous glandular swellings. 196 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Pulvis Stanni. U. S., E., D., P. Melt pure tin in an iron ladle, pour it into a warm iron mortar, and triturate it lightly with a warm pestle; separate the powder by a sieve, and treat the remainder as before. Med. Prop. Anthelmintic. Use. To expel tape-worm. Pulvis Sternutatorius. (See Pulvis Asari Comp.)—Boeli's Cephalic Snuff. Valerian £ij, tobacco 3ij, oil of lavender gtt. iij, oil of marjoram gtt. iij ; mix}—(Pearson.) Asarabacca 3Jss, marum 3JSS> hellebore 3J ) make into a very fine powder.— (Mialhe.) Sugar candy 3j, veratrine gr. j—ij ; mix accurately. Med. Prop. Irritant to the Schneiderian mucous membrane. Use. As an errhine. Pulvis Sulphuris Compositus. (Ratier.) Sulphur, cream of tartar, each ^j, white sugar q. s.—Van Mon's Antidysenteric Powder. Sulphur ^j, fennel seed 3J, white sugar £ij, gum Arabic §ij ; mix.—Swediaur's Pectoral Powder. Sulphur 3 ss, liquorice jfj, orris 3ij, benzoic acid 9j, white sugar £ij, oils of anise and fennel, each, gtt. x. Pulveres Tonice. Tonic Powders. The following are much used: Powder of Columbo, Iron, &c Powdered columbo, subcarbonate of iron, rhubarb, and ginger, of each 3J ; mix, and divide into 12 powders.—Dose, 1 three times a day; in dyspepsia. Powder of Columbo and Tartrate of Iron. Powdered columbo 3ss, tartrate of iron and potassa 9ij ; mix and divide into 4 powders.—Dose, 1 every three or four hours, mixed in syrup. Powder of Peruvian Bark, Snake-root, &c Powdered cinchona § ss, serpentaria 3J, bicarbonate of soda 9ij ; divide into 4 powders.—Dose, 1 every two or three hours, in obstinate in- termittents. Pulvis Tragacanthe Compositus. L., E. Tragacanth 3jss, gum Arabic 3jss, starch ^jss, white sugar 3iij. Powder sepa- rately and mix. Med. Prop. Demulcent. Use. Chiefly for mixing heavy insoluble powders. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 197 Pyrethrum. U. S. (Sec), L., E., D. Pellitory. The root of Anthemis Pyrethrum. Med. Prop. A powerful irritant. Use. Exclusively as a sialagogue in neuralgia of the face, and toothache, &c. Quassia. U. S., L., E. [Quassia Excelsa, D.] Quassia. The wood of Quassia excelsa. Med. Prop, and Use. Those of the pure bitter tonics. Quassina. Quassine is the active principle of Quassia. Quercus Alba. U. S. White-oak Bark. The bark of Quercus alba. Med. Prop. A good astringent, and somewhat tonic. Use. Chiefly externally, for a gargle in inflamed throat, and as a bath for children in marasmus and chronic diarrhoea; also as a wash for flabby ulcers. Quercus Tinctoria. U. S. Black-oak Bark. The bark of Quercus tinctoria. [The Br. Phars. recognise the barks of Quercus robur and Q. pedunculata.] Med. Prop, and Use. Very similar to the preceding; but the black-oak bark may produce irritation of the bowels, in conse- quence of containing quercitrin. Quina vel Quinia. Quinine is procured by adding to a solution of the sulphate (disulphate) a solution of ammonia, in sufficient quantity to throw down the alkaloid; wash this with warm water, and dry it. To procure it in crystals, dissolve it in the smallest possible quantity of alcohol, and allow it to evaporate spontaneously in a warm place. Med. Prop, and Use. See Quiniae Sulphas. QuiNA IMPURA. Coloured Quinine. Quinine Brute. Exhaust Peruvian bark by boiling it in water acidulated with muriatic acid; neutralize the decoction with milk of lime; dry the pre- cipitate, and boil it repeatedly with rectified spirit; mix, and filter the solution, and distil off the spirit. The residue is im- 17* 198 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. pure quinine, which M. Trousseau considers superior to the sulphate. Quine Acetas. P. Mix 100 parts of quinine with 150 parts of distilled water; heat the mixture, and add as much acetic acid as will dissolve the quinine, and render the solution slightly acid. Filter boiling, and set it aside to crystallize. Med. Prop, and Use. As Quiniae Sulphas. Quine Arsenias. (Bourieres.) Dissolve 3Jss of arsenic acid in ^vj of water; add 3v of pure quinine, and boil till the quinine is dissolved. Let the clear solution cool till crystals form, which purify by recrystallization.—Dose, |th of a grain. Med. Prop. As Arsenic. Use. In obstinate intermittents, but inferior to arsenic. Quinie Citras. P. As Quinae acetas; substituting citric acid. Med. Prop, and Use. As Quiniae Sulphas. Quine et Ferri Citras. See Ferri et Quinae Citras. Quine et Ferri Iodidum. (Bouchardat.) Pour a strong solution of acid sulphate of quinine into a fresh solution of iodide of iron. Collect the precipitate, dry it quickly by press- ing it between blotting paper, and protect it from the air. Med. Prop. Similar to Ferri Iodidum. Quine Iodidum. (Righini.) Add, by drops, a solution of 24 parts of iodide of potassium in 8 of water, to a strong solution of 20 parts of bisulphate of quinine. Wash the precipitate quickly, and dry it in the shade. Med. Prop. Tonic, alterative, and resolvent. Use. In scrofulous enlargements of the glands.—Dose, gr. ss, to gr- jj- Quine Murias vel Hydrochloras. P. Disulphate of quinine 10 parts, chloride of barium 3 parts; dissolve separately in boil- ing distilled water; mix the solutions, filter, evaporate till crys- tals begin to form on the surface, and set it aside to crystallize. [It may also be made by saturating dilute muriatic acid with quinine.] Med. Prop, and Use. As Quiniae Sulphas. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 199 Quine Nitras. P. In the same way as the muriate, substitu- ting the nitrate of barytes, for the chloride of barium. Med. Prop, and Use. As Quiniae Sulphas. Quinie Sulphas. U S., E., D., P. [Quinae Disulphas, L.] Coarsely powdered yellow Calisaya bark Ibiv, muriatic acid f^iij, lime, in powder, Sjv, water Cong, v, sulphuric acid, alcohol, animal charcoal, each, q. s. Boil the bark in one-third of the water, mixed with one-third of the muriatic acid, and strain through linen. Boil the residue twice successively with the same quantity of acid and water as before, and strain; mix the decoctions, and, while hot, gradually add the lime previously mixed with 2 pints of water, stirring constantly until the quinia is completely precipitated. Wash the precipitate with distilled water, and having pressed and dried it, digest in boiling alcohol, repeating the digestion several times, till the spirit is no longer bitter. Mix the liquors, and distil off the alcohol until a brown viscid mass remains. Remove this from the vessel, and pour on it Cong, ss of distilled water, heat it to the boiling point, and add sulphuric acid q. s. to dissolve the impure alkali. Then boil the solution with ^jss of animal charcoal, for two minutes, filter while hot, and set aside tp crystallize. Should the liquid before filtration be entirely neutral, acidulate very slightly with sulphuric acid; if decidedly acid, add more animal charcoal. Separate the crystals from the liquor, dissolve them in boiling water slightly acidulated with sulphuric acid, add a little animal charcoal, filter, and set aside to crystallize. Wrap the crystals in bibulous paper, and dry them with a gentle heat. \_L. directs the bark to be boiled with water and sulphuric acid, and the alkali to be precipitated with oxide of lead; E. directs sulphuric acid, and the alkali to be thrown down by carbonate of soda; D. directs sulphuric acid, and the quinia to be precipitated by lime.] Med. Prop. It possesses the valuable tonic and febrifuge proper- ties of the Peruvian bark, which it has almost superseded, since it can be given in much smaller doses, and is better borne by 200 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. the stomach. Twelve grains are about equivalent to one ounce of good bark. Use. In all intermittent diseases, remittent fevers, especially of the malignant type, (the latter require very large doses,) also as a tonic, in typhoid diseases, suppurations, &c. Quine Sulphas Neutralis. Soluble Sulphate of Quinine. Dissolve 3j of disulphate (sulphate) of quinia in distilled water acidulated with f3ss of sulphuric acid, by the aid of heat, filter while hot, and crystallize by refrigeration. Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding. It is a supersulphate. Quine Tannas. To a solution of any soluble salt of quinine add a solution of tannic acid; wash the precipitate with a little cold water, and dry it. Med. Prop, and Use. Asserted by Dr. Ronander, to be a very efficient febrifuge; but it may be regarded as a superfluous pre- paration. Quine Tartras. P. As the acetate, substituting tartaric acid. Med. Prop, and Use. As the Sulphate. Quine Valerianas. (Prince L. L. Bonaparte.) To a cold solution of valerianic acid in distilled water, add a concentrated solution of quinine in strong alcohol to saturation, and evaporate spontaneously, or by a very moderate heat, till crystals are formed.—Dose. gr. ss, every 2 hours, in epilepsy, hemicrania,&c. Ranunculus. U S., (Sec.) Crowfoot. The cormus and here- of Ranunculus bulbosus. Med. Prop. Acrid, and irritant. Use. Externally, as a rubefacient. Resina. U S., L., E., D. The residuum after the distillation of the volatile oil from the turpentines. Med. Prop. Slightly stimulant. Use. Externally, in the composition of plasters and cerates. Resina Cannabis. Cannabine. The active principle of Indian hemp (Cannabis Indica). Med. Prop, and Use. The genuine cannabin, as found in India, AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 201 appears to possess very decided narcotic properties of a sedative character. It has been used successfully in the treatment of traumatic tetanus, and other convulsive diseases. Resina Jalape. P. Macerate powdered jalap root with re- peated portions of rectified spirit till exhausted; filter, and distil the mixed tinctures; mix the residue with 20 or 30 times its weight of warm water, wash the resinous matter, and dissolve it in a little rectified spirit; then spread it on plates, and dry in a stove, till it becomes brittle. Med. Prep. As Jalap, but more active in its operation. Rhamnus. L. [Rhamni Baccae, E.; Rhamnus Catharticus, D.] Buckthorn Berries. The fruit of Rhamnus catharticus. Med. Prop. An irritant cathartic.—Very seldom employed. Rhein. The supposed active purgative principle of rhubarb. Rheum. U. S., L., E., D. Rhubarb. The root of Rheum pal- matum, and other species of Rheum. Med. Prop. Purgative, stomachic, and astringent. Use. As a purge, in typhous complaints, diarrhoea, and dysentery; also in costiveness. Rheum Ustum. (Mr. Hoblyn.) Heat powdered rhubarb in an iron vessel, with constant stirring, till it becomes nearly black; then smother it in a covered jar.—Dose, gr. v—x, as an astringent in diarrhoea. Rhceas. L., E. [Papaver Rhoeas, D.] Red Poppy. The petals of Papaver Rhceas. Med. Prop. Very slightly narcotic. Use. Chiefly to impart a fine red colour. Rhus Glabrum. U. S. (Sec) Sumach. The fruit of Rhus glabrum. Med. Prop. Astringent, and refrigerant. Use. As a cooling drink in fevers; an infusion of the inner bark is useful as a gargle, in the mercurial sore mouth. Rob. A name sometimes given to the inspissated juices of fruits. 202 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Rosa Canina. L., D. [Rosae Fructus, E.] Dog-rose. Hips. Fruit of Rosa canina. Med. Prop. Nearly inert. Use. Chiefly as an agreeable vehicle for other medicines. ROSA CENTIFOLIA. U. S., L., E., D. Hundred-lea red Rose. The petals of Rosa centifolia. Med. Prop. Slightly laxative. Use. Chiefly in the preparation of rose-water. See Aqua Rosae. Rosa Gallica. U. S., L., E., D. Red Roses. The unexpanded petals of Rosa Gallica. Med. Prop. Slightly astringent, and tonic. Use. In infusion, as a pleasant vehicle for tonic and astringent medicines. Rosmarinus. U. S., L., E. [Rosmarinus Officinalis, D.] Rose- mary. The tops of Rosmarinus officinalis. Med. Prop. Gently stimulant, and reputed emmenagogue. Use. Scarcely employed, except as an adjunct. Rubia. U. S. (Sec.) [Rubia Tinctorum, D.] Madder. The root of Rubia tinctorum. Med. Prop. Emmenagogue, and diuretic. Use. In amenorrhoea, dropsy, and jaundice; but chiefly as a dye. Rubigo Ferri. See Ferri Rubigo. Rubus Trivialis. U. S. (Sec.) Dewberry-root. The root of Rubus trivialis. Med. Prop. Astringent, and tonic. Use. An excellent indigenous astringent, in chronic diarrhoeas. Rubus Villosus. U. S. (Sec.) Blackberry-root. The root of Rubus villosus. Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding. Rumex. L. [Rumex Acetosa, D.] Sorrel. The leaves of Rumex acetosa [and R. acetosella]. Med. Prop. Refrigerant, and diuretic. Use. In scorbutic complaints, and as a drink in fevers. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 203 Rumex Aquaticus. D. Water Dock Root. The root of Rumex aquaticus. Med. Prop. A mild tonic, and astringent. Use. In some cutaneous eruptions. Rumex Britannica. U. S. (Sec) Water Dock. The root of Rumex Britannica. Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding. Rumex Obtusifolius. U S. (Sec) Blunt-leaved Dock. The root of Rumex obtusifolius. Med. Prop, and Use. As Rumex Aquaticus. Ruta. U S. (Sec), L., E. [Ruta Graveolens, D.] Rue. The leaves of Ruta graveolens. Med. Prop. Stimulant, antispasmodic, and increases the secre- tions. Use. In hysteria, flatulent colic, and amenorrhoea. Sabadilla. U. S., L., E. Cevadilla. The seeds of Veratrum Sabadilla. Med. Prop. An acid emeto-cathartic. Use. In taenia. Sabatia. U. S. American Centaury. The herb of Sabatia angularis. Med. Prop. Tonic. Use. In infusion, as a prophylactic in intermittent and remittent fevers; also in convalescence. Sabina. U S., L., E. [Juniperus Sabina, D.] Savine. The tops of Juniperus Sabina. Med. Prop. Stimulant, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, anthelmintic; externally, rubefacient. Use. In amenorrhoea of an enfeebled character; chronic rheuma- tism ; externally, as a cerate, to blistered surfaces to maintain the discharge. Saccharum. U S., L. [Saccharum Purum, E.; Saccharum 204 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Officinarum, D.] Sugar. The sugar of Saccharum officinarum, refined. Med. Prop. Demulcent. Use. In making mixtures, and other pharmaceutical preparations. Sacchara. Medicated Sugars are usually made by moistening refined sugar with a strong alcoholic, ethereal, or aqueous solution of a medicinal substance, drying it very gradually, and after- wards reducing it to powder. Or, they are mere mixtures of sugar with other substances. A mixture of an essential oil with sugar is termed Oleosaccharum. Saccharum Commune. E. Brown Sugar. Impure sugar, from Saccharum officinarum. Med. Prop. A mild laxative. Use. As an article of diet, in constipation. Saccharum Lactis. Sugar of Milk. Clarify whey by white of egg, and carefully evaporate the strained liquid by a gentle heat, that it may crystallize on cooling. Purify by animal charcoal and repeated crystallizations.—Not used in medicine. Sacchari Fex. L., E. [Syrupus Empyreumaticus, D.] Mo- lasses. The liquid residue after the crystallization of sugar from Saccharum officinarum. Med. Prop, and Use. As Saccharum Commune. Sacculi. Sachels. Little bags containing dry substances, com- monly in coarse powder, used as local applications. Sometimes they are moistened with spirits, &c. Sacculus Aromaticus. Spice Plaster. Cloves, cinnamon, all- spice, of each, in powder, gj, ginger, in powder, ^ij; to be quilted between folds of flannel, and wet with hot spirits. Use. Applied to the epigastrium, to relieve vomiting. Sagapenum. L., D. A gum-resin, the product of an unknown plant. Med. Prop. Stimulant, and antispasmodic. Use. In amenorrhoea, hysteria, and chlorosis; externally, as a plaster, to indolent tumours. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 205 Sago. U S., L., E. Sago is the prepared fecula of the pith of Sagus Rumphii, or Sago Palm. Med. Prop. Nutritive, and demulcent. Use. As an article of diet. Sal Absinthii. Salt of Wormwood is now believed to be iden- tical with carbonate of potassa. Sal iERATUS. The name given in the U. S. to a salt made by placing the carbonate of potassa in a brewer's vat. Its compo- sition is between the carbonate and bicarbonate of potassa. Sal Acetoselle. Salt of Sorrel, or Binoxalate of Potassa. Sal Tartari. Salt of Tartar. See Potassae Carbonas. Salicina. P. Salicine, the active principle of willow-bark, is procured by adding to a strong decoction of that bark, milk of lime; filter, evaporate the liquor to a syrupy consistence, add alcohol to separate the gummy matter, filter, distil off the spirit, evaporate the residuum, and set aside to crystallize. Med. Prop. Tonic, and febrifuge. Use. As a substitute for Quinia, but very inferior. Salix. U S. (Sec), E., D. Willow. The bark of Salix alba, (and of S. caprea and S. fragilis, E., Dl) Med. Prop, and Use. As Salicina, Salvia. U. S. (Sec.) Sage. The leaves of Salvia officinalis. Med. Prop. Astringent, tonic, and aromatic. Use. Chiefly in infusion, as a gargle for sore throat. Sambucus. U. S. (Sec), L., E. [Sambucus Nigra, D.] Elder Flowers. The flowers of Sambucus Canadensis. (Sambucus nigra, L., E., Dl) Med. Prop. Diaphoretic, and discutient. Use. As a discutient poultice. The berries, or their expressed juice, are employed in fevers. Sanguinaria. U S. Bloodroot. The rhizoma of Sanguinaria Canadensis. Med. Prop. Acrid, emetic, stimulant, and narcotic. Use. Chiefly in chronic catarrh and pertussis: 18 206 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Sanguinarina. (Dr. Dana.) The active alkaline principle of Blood-root. Santalum. U. S. [Pterocarpus, L., E.; Santalum Rubrum, D.] Red Saunders. The wood of Pterocarpus santalinus. Use. To impart a red colour to tinctures. Sapo. U S., L. [Sapo Durus, E., D.] Spanish or Castile Soap. Soap made with soda and olive oil. Med. Prop. Laxative, antacid, and antilithic. Use. In combination with aloes and other purgatives, to obviate their acrimony; also as an antidote for mineral acids. Sapo Vulgaris. U S. Soap made with soda and an animal oil. —Not used in medicine, except by enema. Sapo Mollis. L., E., D. Soft Soap. Made with olive oil and potash. Sapo Amygdalinus. P. Amygdaline Soap. Solution of caustic soda (at 1-334 sp. gr.) §x, oil of almonds |xxj; add the ley to the oil in very small portions, stirring frequently; leave the mixture for some days at a temperature of 64° to 68° F., stirring occasionally; then put it into moulds, till sufficiently solid. It should be exposed to the air for several weeks before it is used. Use. For the toilet. Sapo Animalis. Beef-marrow, boiled with 2 parts of water and half of soda ley; when saponified, add one-fifth of common salt, stir, remove the soap from the surface, and place it in moulds. Med. Prop. Very similar to Sapo Vulgaris. Sapo Olei Jecoris Aselli. (Deschamps.) Cod-liver oil gij, caustic soda 3ij, water 3v; dissolve the soda in the water, and mix it with the oil.—An ioduretted soap is made by mixing with 3j of the above, 3j of iodide of potassium, dissolved in 3J of water. Med. Prop, and Use. As cod-liver oil.—The last-mentioned pre- paration also combines the remedial properties of Iodine. Sapo Olei Elais Guiniensis. Palm Soap is prepared from AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 207 palm-oil and soda, to which tallow is added to increase its firmness. Use. Chiefly for the toilet. Sapo Terebinthine. P. Starkey's Soap. Equal parts of subcarbonate of potash, oil of turpentine and Venice turpentine, triturated together till they combine. Med. Prop. Stimulant. Sapo Windsor. Wi,visor Soap is a scented soda soap made of one part of olive oil and nii:j parts of tallow. Use. A very agreeable soap for the toilet. Sarsaparilla. U.S.,D. [Sarza, L., E.] Sarsaparilla. The root of Smilax officinalis, and of other species of Smilax. Med. Prop. Alterative, diuretic, and reputed anti-syphilitic. Use. Its preparations are very much employed, in conjunction with iodine, in tertiary syphilis, chronic rheumatism, and cachec- tic conditions of the system. Sarsaparillin, or Smilacin. The crystalline active principle of Sarsaparilla may be procured by boiling the root in rectified spirits, distilling off two-thirds, filtering, and evaporating. Sassafras Medulla. U. S. Sassafras Pith is obtained from the stems of Laurus Sassafras. Med. Prop. Demulcent. Use. The infusion forms a very pleasant application to the in- flamed eyes and skin; internally, in inflammations of the mu- cous membranes. Sassafras Radicis Cortex. U.S. [Sassafras, L., E.; Lau- rus Sassafras, D.] The bark of the root of Laurus Sassafras. Med. Prop. Stimulant and diaphoretic ; and reputed alterative. Use. In chronic rheumatism, &c.; but chiefly to impart flavour. Scammonium. U. S., L., E., D. Scammony. The concrete juice of the root of Convolvulus Scammonia. Med. Prop. A powerful drastic cathartic. Use. In constipation, worms, and dropsy,—usually in combination. 208 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Scilla. U. S., L., E. [Scilla Maritima, D.] Squill. The bulb of Scilla maritima. Med. Prop. Expectorant, diuretic, and in large doses, emeto- cathartic. Use. In chronic bronchial affections, and dropsy. Scillitin. The active principle of Squill. Scoparius. U S. (Sec), L. [Scoparium, E. ; Sparticum Sco- parius, D.] Broom. The fresh tops of Cytisus Scoparius. Med. Prop. Diuretic; and, in large doses, emeto-cathartic. Use. In dropsies. Scrophularia Nodosa. D. Figwort leaves. Leaves of Scro- phularia nodosa. Med. Prop. Anodyne, and diuretic. Use. As a fomentation to painful tumours and ulcers; also to hemorrhoids. Senega. U. S., L., E. [Polygala Senega, D.] Seneka. The root of Polygala Senega. Med. Prop. Stimulant, expectorant, emmenagogue, diuretic, and, in large doses, emeto-cathartic. Use. In chronic bronchial affections; in amenorrhoea, and rheu- matism. Senna. U. S., L., D. [Senna Alexandrina; Senna Indica, E.] Senna. The leaves of Cassia acutifolia., C. obovata, and C. elongata. (Also of C. lanceolata and C. iEthiopica. Gui- BOURT.) Med. Prop. A brisk cathartic. Use. When the object is to deplete, as in fevers. Often em- ployed in combination with salts and manna. Serpentaria. U S., L., E. [Aristolochia Serpentaria, D.] Virginia Snakeroot. The root of Aristolochia Serpentaria. Med. Prop. A stimulant tonic, diaphoretic, and diuretic. Use. In typhoid complaints; in tardy eruptions, and, combined with cinchona, in obstinate intermittents. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 209 Sesamum. U. S. (Sec) Benne. The leaves of Sesamum orientale. Med. Prop. Mucilaginous, and demulcent. Use. One or two leaves steeped for a short time in a tumbler of cold water, forms a pleasant mucilaginous drink in the bowel affections of children. Sevum, U. S.,L., E. [Adeps 0villus Praeparatus, D.] Suet. The prepared suet of Ovis Aries (the sheep). Med. Prop. Emollient. Use As a dressing to blisters; also in pharmacy, to give consis- tence to ointments and cerates. Simaruba. Ii. S.,L.,E. [Quassia Simaruba, D.] Simaruba Bark. The bark of the root of Simaruba officinalis; (S. amara, E. ; Quassia Simaruba, Dl) Med. Prop, and Use. The same as Quassia. Sinapis. U. S.} L. [Sinapi, E.; Sinapis Alba; S. Nigra, D.] Mustard. The seeds of Sinapis alba, and S. nigra. Med. Prop. Laxative, wlieu swallowed whole; when bruised, stimulant, diuretic, and emetic. Use. As a laxative in dyspepsia with torpor of the bowels; as an emetic in cases of poisoning from the narcotics ; also exter- nally, as a rubefacient. Soda Pura. P. Caustic Soda. Crystallized subcarbonate of soda 3 xx, quick lime ^ viij, water Ovj ; boil for half an hour, strain, evaporate rapidly in a silver dish to dryness, and melt as directed for Potassa Fusa. Med. Prop, and Use. As Potassa Fusa. Sode Acetas. U S., L., D. Usually manufactured by de- composing acetate of lime (made by saturating crude pyrolig-' neous acid by chalk) by sulphate of soda. \_D. directs carbo- nate of soda to be saturated by distilled vinegar, or diluted wood vinegar; evaporate to 1-276, and set aside to crystallize.] Med. Prop. Diuretic, in moderate doses; in larger doses, ca- thartic. Use. As Acetate of Potassa. 18* 210 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Sode Arsenias. P. Nitrate of soda 100 parts, arsenious acid 116 parts; mix exactly, heat to redness in a Hessian crucible, treat the residue with water, add carbonate of soda to the solution till it is alkaline; evaporate and crystallize. If the mother liquor is not alkaline, add subcarbonate of soda, and again evaporate. Dose, ygth to |th of a grain. Med. Pi-op. and Use. As Liquor Potassae Arsenitis. Sode Boras. U. S., D. [Borax, L., E.] Borax. Biborate of Soda. Procured from native borax, or tincal, by calcination, solution, and crystallization. It is also made from native boracic acid, by saturating it with carbonate of soda. Med. Prop. Refrigerant, and diuretic; reputed emmenagogue. Use. Chiefly externally, as a detergent, in aphthous sore mouth. Sode Carbonas. U S., L., E., D. The commercial carbonate of soda is thus designated by the U S., and E. Phars.—L. directs ibij of the commercial salt to be boiled in Oiv of distilled water; strain the solution while hot, and set aside to crystallize.—D. prepares it in a similar manner from barilla. Med. Prop. Antacid, antilithic, and resolvent. Use. In dyspepsia, with acidity, in uric acid diathesis, in hoop- ing-cough, and bronchocele. Sode Carbonas Impura. L. [Sodae Carbonas Venale; Ba- rilla, D.] Commercial Sal Soda. Formerly obtained from barilla and kelp, the products of the incineration of certain ma- rine plants; but at present, on a larger scale, by decomposing sulphate of soda by carbonate of lime, dissolving the impure carbonate of soda, thus formed, in water, straining the solution, and evaporating to obtain crystals. Sode Carbonas Exsiccatus. U. S. [Sodae Carbonas Exsic- cata, L.; Sodae Carbonas Siccatum, E., D.] Expose carbonate of soda, in a clean iron vessel, to heat till it is thoroughly dried, stirring constantly with an iron spatula; then rub it into pow- der.—Dose, 5 to 15 grains, three times a day. Med. Prop, and Use. Similar to Sodae Carbonas, but preferable, from its smaller bulk. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 211 Sode Carbonatis Aqua. D. Dissolve carbonate of soda in distilled water, so as to form a solution of sp. gr. 1-024 (^j in Oj).—Dose, fgj—ij, in water q. s. Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding. Sode Bicarbonas. U S., E., D. [Sodae Sesquicarbonas, L.] Put crystallized carbonate of soda, broken into fragments, into a wooden box having a transverse partition near the bottom, pierced with numerous small holes, and a cover, which can be tightly fitted on. A stream of carbonic acid is then allowed to pass through water into the box, until the carbonate is fully saturated. Med. Prop, and Use. As the carbonate, but more agreeable to the taste. Sode et Potasse Tartras. U S., D. [Sodae Potassio-Tar- tras, L., Potassae et Sodae Tartras, E.] Rochelle Salt. Dis- solve ibj of carbonate of soda in Ov of boiling water, and gra- dually add ^xvj of cream of tartar, in powder. Filter, and evaporate till a pellicle forms; then set aside to crystallize. Pour off the liquor, and dry the crystals on bibulous paper. Med. Prop. Refrigerant, and cathartic; diuretic, in small and re- peated doses. Use. An excellent purgative in febrile affections. Sode Murias Purum. E. Evaporate a filtered solution of com- mon salt, skim off the crystals as they form, wash them quickly with cold water, and dry them. Med. Prop. As common salt. See Sodii Chloridum. Sode Phosphas. U S., L., E., D. Bones burnt to whiteness, and powdered, Ibx, sulphuric acid Ibvj ; mix in an earthen ves- sel, add gradually Cong, j of water, and stir them well together; digest for 3 days, occasionally adding a little water to replace that lost by evaporation, frequently stirring; then pour in Cong, j of boiling water, and strain through linen, gradually adding more boiling water, until the liquid passes nearly taste- less. Allow the dregs to subside, and pour off the clear liquor, which boil down to a gallon; heat the clear liquor in an iron 212 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. vessel, and add by degrees carbonate of soda (dissolved in boil- ing water), until effervescence ceases, and the phosphoric acid is completely neutralized; then filter, and set aside to crystal- lize. More crystals may be obtained by evaporating the remain- ing liquor, adding more carbonate of soda. Preserve the crys- tals in well-stopped bottles. Med. Prop. A mild purgative, particularly adapted to cases of children. Sode Sulphas. U. S., L., E., D. Glauber's Salts. Dissolve the residuary salt-after the preparation of muriatic acid, in boil- ing water, and s'aturate the excess of acid with carbonate of soda; evaporate, and crystallize. Med. Prop. A refrigerant cathartic; diuretic, in small doses. Use. In fevers, &c. Sode Bisulphas. Mix 10 parts of dried sulphate of soda, with 7 of strong sulphuric acid; heat the mixture gently in a crucible. Med. Prop. As the last. Sode Tartarizata Effervescens. Acidulated Alkali. Bicar- bonate of soda ^iv, tartaric acid ^iv, refined sugar 3xij, essence of lemon f5ss. The powders to be separately dried at a mode- rate temperature, and the whole uniformly mixed. Med. Prop, and Use. As the common soda-powders. Sodii Bromidum. As Potassii Bromidum. Sodii Chloridum. U. S., L. [Sodae Murias, E., D.] Common salt is procured either in the solid state, from rock salt, or by evaporating native solutions, as saline springs, and sea-water. Med. Prop. In small doses, tonic; in larger quantities, purga- tive, and anthelmintic ; externally, slightly stimulant. Use. Universally as a condiment; also an ingredient in the com- mon laxative enema; also externally, as a fomentation for sprains and bruises. Solidago. U. S. (Sec.) Golden-rod. The leaves of Solidago odorata. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 213 Med. Prop. Aromatic, stimulant, and diaphoretic. Use. In colic, and nausea. Solutio. Solution. This term is synonymous with Liquor. Solutio Acidi Citrici. Citric acid 3ixss, water fgxvj. [This is about the average strength of lemon juice.] Use. As Citric Acid. Solutio Aconitine. (Dr. Turnbull.) Aconitine gr. viij, rec- tified spirit f§j. Use. Externally, to the unbroken skin, in neuralgia, &c. Solutio Atropie. (Mr. Wilde.) Atropia^r. j, rectified spirit trjriij, dilute nitric acid r%], distilled water f3j. [Stronger solu- tions contain 2 and 3 grs. of atropia.] Use. One drop, applied to the conjunctiva of the lower lid, dilates the pupil. Solutio Conii. (Dr. Paris.) Extract of hemlock 3j, tincture of hemlock f3j; water, at 120° F., Oss. To be used 3 or 4 times a day, by inhalation, in irritation of the nasal passages. Solutio Creasoti. The watery solution consists of 1 part of creasote to 80 parts of water. [A weaker solution, from 3 to 6 drops to Oj of water, is used for preserving pathological speci- mens.] The alcoholic solution consists of 1 part of creasote to 16 (10, Laennec) parts of alcohol. Use. As Creasote. Solutio Delphinie. (Dr. Turnbull.) Delphinia 9j, rectified spirit fgij. For outward use. Solutio Iodinii cum Conio. Dr. Scudamore's Solution for Inhaling. Iodine gr. vj, iodide of potassium gr. vj, rectified spirit 3ij, water %y 3xj- From 3ss to 3^ of this solution, with 3ss of tincture of hemlock (or the preserved juice), is to be added to water, at 120° F., in a glass inhaler, and used twice a day. Solutio Veratrie. (Dr. Turnbull.) Veratria 9j, rectified spirit I ij. 214 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Use. Externally, in neuralgia. [See Liquor, for other solutions.] Spigelia. U S., L., E. [Spigelia Marilandica, D.] Pink-root. The root of Spigelia Marilandica. Med. Prop. Anthelmintic, and narcotic. Use. Extensively used, especially in the U. S., as a vermifuge. Species. Mixtures of dried plants, or parts of plants, in a divided state, which, for convenience, are kept mixed for use. Spirea. U. S. (Sec.) Ilardhack. The root of Spiraea tomen- tosa. Med. Prop. Tonic, and astringent. Use. In diarrhoea, and cholera infantum. Spiritus. U. S., L., E., D. Spirits are alcoholic solutions of volatile principles, obtained by distillation. They are pre- pared chiefly from aromatic vegetable substances, the essential oils of which rise with the vapour of alcohol. Some of the oils, however, will not rise at the temperature of boiling alcohol, in which case proof spirit must be employed, which should always be free from impurities. Care should also be used to avoid the colour and empyreumatic flavour arising from the decomposition of the vegetable matter by heat; for which purpose, sufficient water must be added to cover the vegetable matter, after the alcohol shall have been distilled. Spiritus JEtheris Nitrici. U S., L., E. [Spiritus iEthereus Nitrosus, D.] Sweet Spirits of Nitre. Mix together in a large glass retort Ibij of coarsely powdered nitrate of potassa, and Oixss of alcohol, and gradually pour in Ibjss of sulphuric acid. Digest with a gentle heat, for 2 hours; then raise the heat, and distil a gallon. To the distilled liquor add Oj of diluted alcohol, and §j of carbonate of potassa, and again distil a gallon. [L. and E. mix the nitric acid ready formed, with the alcohol, and distil] The Sweet Spirits of Nitre of commerce is a mixture, in variable proportions, of hyponitrous ether and alcohol. It has been re- commended by Dr. Hare, in order to insure uniformity, to pre- pare it by mixing together known quantities of pure hyponitrous ether and rectified spirit. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 215 Med. Prop. Diaphoretic, diuretic, and antispasmodic. Use. In febrile complaints, especially of children, attended with nervous disturbance. Spiritus ^Etheris Sulphurici. E. Mix together Oj of sul- phuric ether and Oij of rectified spirit. See the following. Spiritus JEtheris Sulphurici Compositus. U. S., L. Hoff- man's Anodyne Liquor. Mix together sulphuric ether Oss, alcohol Oj, ethereal oil f^iij.—Dose, f3ss to f^ij. Med. Prop. Antispasmodic, and anodyne. Use. In low forms of fever, with nervous disturbance; in mild hysteria, &c. Spiritus Ammonie. U S., L., E., D. (Formerly Alcohol Am- moniatum.) Mix Ibj of muriate of ammonia, in fine powder, with Ibj of lime, (slaked with f|ix of water,) and proceed in the manner directed for Solution of Ammonia, introducing f|xx of alcohol into the quart bottle instead of the water. Preserve in well-stopped bottles.—Dose, 10 to 30 drops in sweetened water. See the following. Spiritus Ammonie Aromaticus. U S., L., E., D. Aromatic Hartshorn. Mix together ^v of muriate of ammonia, §viij of carbonate of potassa; cinnamon and cloves, bruised, each, 3ij, lemon peel %'xv, alcohol and water, each, Ov; distil off Ovijss.— Dose, gtt. xx to Ix. Med. Prop. Antacid, stimulant, and aromatic. Use. In sick headache, hysteria, flatulent colic, and fainting. Spiritus Ammonie Fostidus. L., E., D. Mix together %x of muriate of ammonia, ^xvj of carbonate of potassa, Oiij of recti- fied spirit and water, each, and gv of assafcetida; distil, with a slow fire, Oiij.—Dose, gtt. xxx to f3J. Med. Prop. As the preceding. Use. In hysteria. Spiritus Anisi. L. Aniseed §x, proof spirit Cong, j, water Oij; distil Cong. j. Med. Prop, and Use. As the Aromatics. Spiritus Anisi Compositus. D. Macerate ibss of bruised 216 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. anise seeds, and bruised angelica seeds, each, in Cong, j of proof spirit for 24 hours, with water q. s., to prevent empyreuma; distil Cong. j. (This is a simplification of the Irish usquebaugh.) Spiritus Armoracie Compositus. L., D. Mix together gxx of horseradish root, sliced, and dried orange peel, each, 3v of bruised nutmeg, Cong, j of proof spirit, and water Oij ; distil, with a slow fire, Cong, j. Med. Prop, and Use. A stimulant diuretic;—in the dropsy of drunkards. Spiritus Aurantii. P. The yellow of fresh orange peel Ibj, spirit of wine, at -863, Ibvj; macerate for 2 days, and distil, by water-bath, to dryness. Med. Prop, and Use. A pleasant aromatic. Spiritus Bergami. P. From fresh bergamot peel, as Spiritus Aurantii. Spiritus Camphore. See Tinctura Camphorae. Spiritus Carui. L., E., D. Bruised caraway seeds ^xxij, proof spirit Cong, j, water Oij; mix, and, by a slow fire, distil Cong. j. Med. Prop, and Use. As the former. Spiritus Cassie. E. Cassia, in coarse powder, ibj; proceed as for Sp. Carui. Med. Prop, and Use. As the former. Spiritus Cinnamomi. L., E., D. Oil of cinnamon 3ij, proof spirit Cong, j, water Oj; mix, and, by a slow fire, distil Cong. j. (ibj of cinnamon bark may be substituted for the oil.) Med. Prop. An agreeable aromatic cordial. Use. In debility of the stomach. Spiritus Juniperi Compositus. U S., L., E., D. Bruised juniper berries ibj, bruised caraway seeds and fennel seeds, each, 3jss, diluted alcohol Cong, j, water Oij; macerate the seeds in the alcohol for 24 hours, then add the water, and, with a slow fire, distil Cong. j.—A useful addition to diuretic infusions. Spiritus Lavandule. U S., L., E., D. Fresh lavender flowers AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 217 ibij, alcohol Cong, j, water Oij; mix, and, with a slow fire, distil Cong, j. Used chiefly as a perfume; but the preparation usually sold under the name of lavender water, as a perfume, is not a distilled spirit, but an alcoholic solution of the oil, with the ad- dition of other odorous substances. Mr. Brande gives the following as one of the most approved receipts for preparing it. Rectified spirits Cong, v, essential oil of lavender %xx, essential oil of bergamot ^v, essence of ambergris (made by digesting 3j of ambergris and gr. viij of musk in Oss of alcohol) gss; mix them together. Med. Prop, and Use. As the following. Spiritus Lavandule Compositus. U S., E., D. [Tinctura Lavandulae Composita, L.] Lavender Compound. Spirit of lavender Oiij, spirit of rosemary Oj, bruised cinnamon ^j, bruised cloves 3ij, bruised nutmeg gss, red saunders, rasped, 3iij ; mace- rate for 14 days, and filter through paper.—Dose, f3ss to f3J. Med. Prop. A delightful carminative, and aromatic. Use. In debility of the stomach, mild colic, and nausea; also as an adjuvant. Spiritus Limonis. P. As Sp. Aurantii. Spiritus Melisse Compositus. P. Eau de Carmes. Fresh balm, in flower, §xxiv, lemon peel §iv, cinnamon ^ij, cloves f ij, nutmeg §ij, coriander seed ^j, dry angelica root ^j, rectified spirit Ibviij; macerate for 8 days, and distil, by means of a water-bath, to dryness. Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding. Spiritus Menthe Piperite. L., D. [Spiritus Menthae, E.] Oil of peppermint 3iij, proof spirit Cong, j, water Oj ; mix them, and with a slow fire, distil Cong. j. [E. directs it to be prepared from Ibjss of fresh peppermint, as Sp. Carui.] Med. Prop, and Use. As the essence of peppermint. Spiritus Menthe Pulegii. L., D. From the oil of European Pennyroyal, as Sp. Menth. Pip. Spiritus Menthe Viridis. L., D. From the oil of spearmint, as Sp. Menth. Pip. 19 218 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Spiritus Mindereri. See Liquor Ammoniae Acetatis. Spiritus Myristice. U. S., L., E. [Spiritus Nucis Moschatae, D.] Bruised nutmeg 31J, diluted alcohol Cong, j, water Oj ; mix them, and with a slow fire distil Cong, j. Use. Chiefly to impart flavour. Spiritus Pimente. U S., L., E., D. Bruised pimento §ij, diluted alcohol Cong, j, water Oj; macerate the pimento in the dilute alcohol for 24 hours, and with a slow fire distil Cong. j. Use. As the aromatics generally. Spiritus Rectificatus. L., E., D. See Alcohol. Spiritus Rosmarini. U S., L., E. [Spiritus Rorismarini, D.] Oil of rosemary 3ij, alcohol Cong, j, water Oj; mix them, and with a slow fire distil Cong. j. [A superior product, is obtained from the fresh herb.] Use. As an ingredient in liniments. Spiritus Rosmarine Compositus. ( Wirt. Ph.) Hungary Wa- ter. Flowering rosemary Ubiv, sage §yj, ginger ^ij, proof spirit ibxij, water Ibij ; distil ibxj. [The original receipt for the Queen of Hungary's Water is said to be : Rectified spirit 3 parts, rose- mary tops 2 parts; distil.] Use. As a perfume. Spiritus Tenuior. Proof Spirit. L. directs the density to be 0-920 at 62° F.; E., 0-912; D., 0-919, at 60° F.; P., (alcohol faible,) 0-923. It is about the strength of equal parts of alco- hol (rectified spirit) and water. Spiritus Terebinthine. See Oleum Terebinthinae. Spiritus Vini Gallici. Brandy. Spirit distilled from French wines. Med. Prop. Stimulant. Use. In very low forms of disease. Spiritus Volatilis Aromaticus. See Sp. Ammoniae Aro- maticus. Spiritus Vulnerarius. P. Arquebuscade. Fresh leaves of AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 219 basil, calamint, hyssop, marjoram, balm, mint, origanum, rose- mary, sage, mother of thyme, common thyme, wormwood, angelica, fennel, rue, flowering tops of St. John's wort, and lavender, each, £j, proof spirit Oiij. Macerate for 6 days, and distil Oij. Med. Prop. A stimulant, aromatic compound. Spongia. U S., E. [Spongia Officinalis, D.] Sponge. Med. Prop, and Use. See Spongia Usta. Spongia Cerata. Sponge Tents. Fine sponge, washed and dried, is dipped into melted bees'-wax, pressed between heated tin plates, and left till cold. It is then cut into pieces of pro- per size, to be employed as tents. Use. For dilating wounds and sinuses. Spongia Preparata. Sponge is prepared by macerating it for several days in cold water, beating it in order to break up the concretions which it contains, and dissolving the remainder of the calcareous matter by muriatic acid diluted with 30 parts of water. It is thus rendered perfectly soft, and fit for surgical use. It may be bleached by steeping it in water impregnated with sulphurous acid, or by exposure, in the moist state, to the action of chlorine. Spongia Usta. U. S. Burnt sponge is prepared by cutting sponge into pieces, beating it so as to separate any extraneous matters, then burning it in a close iron vessel until it becomes black and friable, and reducing it to a very fine powder.—Dose, 3J—iij- Med. Prop. Alterative, &c, as Iodine. Use. In goitre, and scrofulous glandular swellings. Stanni Pulvis. See Pulvis Stanni. Staphisagria. L. E. [Delphinium Staphisagria, D.] Stavesacre. Seeds of Delphinium Staphisagria. Med. Prop. Emetic, and cathartic. Use. Scarcely employed, owing to its violence. 220 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Statice. U. S. (Sec.) Marsh Rosemary. The root of Statice Caroliniana. Med. Prop. Astringent. Use. In gargles, for sore throat. Stillingia. U S. (Sec.) Queen's-root. The root of Stillin- gia sylvatica. Med. Prop. Acrid, and purgative. Use. In chronic skin diseases. Stramonii Folia; S. Radix; S. Semen. U. S. [S. Folia; S. Semina, L.; S. Herba; S. Semina, E., D.] Leaves, root, and seed of Datura Stramonium, or Thorn-apple. Med. Prop. Strongly narcotic. Use. See Extractum Stramonii. Strychnia. U. S., L., E. Strychnine. Digest Ibiv of rasped nux vomica in Cong, ij of water, acidulated with f^ j of muriatic acid, for 24 hours; then boil for 2 hours, and express through a strong linen bag. Boil the residuum twice successively in the same quantity of acidulated water, each time straining, as be- fore. Mix the decoctions, and evaporate to the consistence of a thin syrup; then add ^vj of powdered lime, previously mixed with Oj of water, and boil for 10 minutes, frequently stirring. Pour the mixture into a double linen bag, and having washed the precipitate well with water, press, dry, and powder it. Treat the powder repeatedly with alcohol, until deprived of its bitterness, mix the liquors, and distil off the alcohol by means of a water-bath. Mix the residue with water, and having ap- plied heat, drop in sufficient dilute sulphuric acid to neutralize and dissolve the strychnia; then boil for a few minutes with purified animal charcoal, filter, evaporate, and crystallize. Dis- solve the crystals in water, and precipitate the strychnia by means of a solution of ammonia. Lastly, dry the precipitate on bibulous paper; [or crystallize from a solution of the precipitate in boiling spirit, by evaporation, L.]—Dose, y^th to -/gth of a grain, to begin with. [Strychnine is more readily obtained, and in greater purity, from St. Ignatius's Bean.] Med. Prop, and Use. As Nux Vomica. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 221 Strychnie Acetas. Mix 1 part of powdered strychnia with 5 of boiling water, and add acetic acid till the strychnia is dissolved; filter, concentrate, and crystallize. A slight excess of acid favours the crystallization. [In the same way prepare the Muriate, Nitrate, Phosphate, and Sulphate.] Med. Prop, and Use. As Strychnia. Styrax. U. S., L., E. [Styrax Officinale, D.] Storax. The concrete juice (balsamic) of Styrax officinale. Med. Prop. Stimulant, and expectorant. Use. In chronic pectoral complaints; in leucorrhcea, and gonor- rhoea. Styrax Purificata. U S. [Styrax Colatus, L.; Extractum Styracis, E.] Dissolve storax in alcohol, and strain the solu- tion ; then distil off the alcohol with a gentle heat, until the storax acquires the proper consistence. Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding. Succinum. U. S., L., D. Amber is a fossil resin of vegetable origin, derived probably from extinct coniferce. See Oleum Succini. Succi JEtherizati. Bouchardat's Sues etheres. To the ex- pressed juices of plants so much ether is added, that, after agi- tating them together, a thin layer of ether rises to the surface. After 24 hours, remove the supernatant ether by means of a pipette, filter the juice, and retain the ether. Preserve the etherized juice in well-stopped bottles, and when any of the juice is required, reverse the bottle, that the ether may remain behind. [These juices are said to retain their active properties for an indefinite period.] Succi Alcoholati. Juices preserved with Spirits. These are prepared from fresh plants, either by adding rectified spirit to the expressed juice, or by digesting the bruised leaves with the spirit, before pressing. The latter method, which is adopted by the French Codex, is noticed under Tincture. According to the other method, the leaves of the mature plants, in flower, are bruised in a marble mortar, and placed in a powerful press. 19* 222 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. The expressed juice is allowed to stand for 24 hours, and is then poured off from the dregs, and rectified spirit added. After standing 24 hours, the liquid is filtered. Mr. Bentley directs one measure of rectified spirit to be added to four of juice; Mr. Squire, one of spirit to two of juice. [The principal pre- served juices, prepared according to the above process, are those of Aconite, Belladonna, Digitalis, Hemlock, Henbane, &c] Succi Expressi. Expressed Juices are prepared by bruising the plants in a marble mortar, and expressing them in an iron or wooden press. Some plants, as the labiate and those of a viscous nature, require the addition of a small quantity of water. The expressed juice should be filtered, if possible; but some require to be heated, to coagulate their albuminous matter. The acid juices of fruits are allowed to clear themselves by a slight fer- mentation, in a cool place, before filtration. Fruits are usually crushed by the hand over a hair sieve, and the marc pressed. [Apperts' method of preserving vegetable juices is to bottle them, secure the corks with wire, and place the bottles up to their necks in cold water, with straw between them to prevent breakage, allow the water to boil for a few minutes, remove the bottles, and when cool, cover the corks with wax or pitch.] Succi Spissati. Inspissated Jidces. See Extracta. Succus Limonis. Lemon-Juice is best preserved by first sepa- rating the seeds immediately after expression, then allowing it to stand for a short time till a coagulable matter separates; then filter, and introduce into glass bottles, with a stratum of almond or other sweet oil upon its surface. Before closing the bottles, allow them to stand for 15 minutes in a vessel of boiling water. The juice may also be preserved by concentrating it, either by means of evaporation with a gentle heat, or by exposing to a freezing temperature, which congeals the watery portion, leaving the acid much stronger. Med. Prop, and Use. As Citric Acid. Succus Malorum. (Guy's HI) Verjuice. Bruise crab-apples AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 223 in a mortar, and express the juice. [P. directs it to be ex- pressed from grapes.] Med. Prop. Similar to the preceding. Sulphur. U. S., L., E. [Sulphur Sublimatum, D.] Sublimed Sulphur. Flowers of Sulphur. Med. Prop. Laxative, diaphoretic, and resolvent. Use. In habitual constipation, chronic rheumatism, catarrh, and cutaneous eruptions, especially psora. Sulphur Lotum. U.S.,D. [Sulphur Sublimatum, E.] Washed Sulphur. Sublimed sulphur, thoroughly washed with water. Med. Prop. As the preceding. Sulphur Precipitatum. U. S. Lac Sulphuris. Milk of Sul- phur. Mix together Ibj of sublimed sulphur with Ibjss of lime, recently slaked with a small portion of water; add Cong, ij of water, boil for 2 or 3 hours, occasionally adding water to pre- serve the measure, and filter. Dilute the filtered liquor with an equal bulk of water; then drop into it muriatic acid q. s. to precipitate the sulphur. Wash the precipitate with water till the washings are tasteless.—Dose, 3ij—iij. [Much of the Lac Sulphuris of commerce contains a large quantity of sulphate of lime.] Med. Prop, and Use. As Sulphur. Sulphuris Iodidum. U S. Rub together sulphur 3j, iodine >giv, until thoroughly mixed. Put the mixture into a matrass, close the orifice loosely, and apply a gentle heat, so as to darken the mass without melting it. When uniformly dark throughout, increase the heat so as to melt the iodide, moving the matrass in different directions, so as to insure thorough mixing; allow it to cool, break it, and put the contents into well-stopped bottles. Used as an ointment, in cutaneous diseases. Suppositorium Laxativum. A cone of hard soap, two or three inches long, or of solidified molasses, is sometimes employed as a laxative suppository. Syrupi. Syrups are concentrated solutions of sugar in water, 224 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. either pure or medicated. Medicated syrups are prepared by incorporating sugar with vegetable infusions, decoctions, ex- pressed juices, fermented liquors, or simple aqueous solutions. When the active matter is not readily soluble in water, or is volatilized or decomposed by a temperature of 212°, it is some- times extracted by diluted alcohol, the spirit of which is subse- quently driven off. Occasionally they are prepared by adding a tincture to simple syrup, and evaporating the alcohol. The sugar employed should always be the best refined, as it saves subsequent clarification. The quantity of sugar required is about 2 parts to 1 of the liquid; if in too small proportion, fer- mentation is apt to ensue; if too abundant, crystallization. The proper degree of concentration is 30° (Baume's saccharometer), when boiling, and 35° when cold; or sp. gr. 1-261 boiling, and 1-319 cold. Syrupus. U S., L. [Syrupus Simplex, E., D.] Simple Syrup is made by dissolving Ibijss of refined sugar in Oj of water, with the aid of heat, removing the scum, and straining while hot. [White of egg is sometimes employed to clarify it.] Med. Prop. Demulcent. Use. Chiefly as a vehicle for cough and other mixtures. Syrupus Simplex Albus. P. Very white sugar ibij, water Ibj ; dissolve without heat, add ^ij of animal charcoal, and in 12 hours filter through paper. Syrupus Aceti. E. French vinegar f^xj, white sugar §xiv; boil them together. Med. Prop, and Use. As a refrigerant drink, with water, in fevers. Syrupus Aceti Rubi Idei. P. Raspberry vinegar §xvj, sugar § xxx; dissolve by a gentle heat in a glass vessel, and strain. Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding. Syrupus Acidi Citrici. P. Dissolve 3ijss of citric acid in 3v of water, and add to it ^xvj (f§xiij) of boiling syrup. Use. As Lemon juice. Syrupus Acidi Tartarici. P. As Syrupus Acidi Citrici. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 225 Syrupus Adianthi. P. Syrop de Capillaire. Infuse giv of the herb maidenhair in Oijss of boiling water, add ibv of refined sugar, make a syrup, and clarify with white of egg. Pour the boiling syrup into a water-bath with gij of maidenhair, infuse for 2 hours, and strain. Use. In pectoral complaints. Syrupus Allii. U S., D. Macerate gvj of fresh garlic, sliced, in Oj of distilled vinegar, in a glass vessel, for 4 days; then express the liquor, and let the dregs subside; add to the clear liquor Ibij of refined sugar, and proceed as directed for Simple Syrup.—Dose, a teaspoonful, in infantile catarrhs, &c See Allium. Syrupus Allii Compositus. Dr. Willis's Syrup. Garlic, cut small, gss, bruised aniseed gss, elecampane root 3iij, liquorice root 3ij, brandy fgxxiv. Digest for 2 or 3 days; ex- press, and form a syrup with the clear liquor and ibjss of re- fined sugar. Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding. Syrupus Althee. L., E., D. Fresh marshmallow root g viij, water Oiv; boil to Oij, set aside for 24 hours, decant, and make a syrup with ibijss of sugar. [P. directs it to be made with cold water, thus avoiding the extraction of the starch.] Med. Prop, and Use. A simple demulcent. Syrupus Amygdale. U S. [Syrop d'Orgeat, P.] Orgeat Syrup. Blanch ibj of sweet, and giv of bitter almonds, and rub them in a mortar to a very fine paste, with fgiij of water, and ibj of white sugar. Mix the paste thoroughly with Oij f^xiij of water, strain with strong expression, and dissolve Ibv of white sugar in the strained emulsion, by the aid of a gentle heat. Strain the syrup through fine linen, allow it to cool, and keep it in well-stopped bottles, in a cool place. [P. adds ^vj of orange-flower water to the syrup, after the solution of the sugar.] Med. Prop. Demulcent, nutritive, and slightly sedative. Use. A very agreeable addition to pectoral mixtures. 226 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Syrupus Armoracie. (Dr. Cullen.) Scraped horseradish gj, hot water f3 viij; digest, strain, and dissolve in the liquor twice its weight of sugar.—Dose, f§j, frequently, in hoarseness from relaxation. Syrupus Aque Aurantii. P. Orange-flower water Ibj, very white sugar Ibij; dissolve, and filter. [Similar syrups are made from the distilled waters of cinnamon, rose, peppermint, and lettuce.] Syrupus Aurantii Corticis. U S. [Syrupus Aurantii, L., E., D.] Macerate ^ij of bruised orange-peel in Oj of boiling water, in a covered vessel for 12 hours, and strain; then add Ibijss of refined sugar, and proceed as directed for Simple Syrup. Use. Simply for its agreeable flavour. Syrupus Balsami Tolutani. See Syrupus Tolutani. Syrupus Belladonne. P. Extract of belladonna gr. xxxij, dis- solve in 3iv of boiling water, and add it to ^xvj of boiling syrup. Med. Prop, and Use. As Belladonna. Syrupus Calcis. (Trousseau.), Slake 3ijss of quicklime with f^iij of water, and add it to ^xxxij of simple syrup; boil 10 minutes, and filter. Used, diluted with 4 parts of simple syrup, in diarrh&a. Syrupus Cerasorum. P. Depurated juice of cherries ^xvj, sugar §xxx; make a syrup. Use. Only to impart an agreeable flavour. Syrupus Chondri. (Mouchon.) Boil 3viij of carrageen in Oiij of water, for half an hour; strain with pressure and boil the clear liquor with ibx of syrup, till the whole is reduced to Ibx. Use. As a pleasant demulcent in colds, and irritations of the ali- mentary canal and bladder. Syrupus Croci. L., E. Macerate 3* of saffron in Oj of boil- ing water for 12 hours, in a tightly covered vessel; strain and add ibiij of refined sugar. Med. Prop. Demulcent and slightly stimulant. Use. Chiefly for its fine colour. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 227 Syrupus Cydonie. P. Clarified quince-juice gxvj, sugar |xxx; dissolve by a gentle heat. [In the same way syrups from other fruits are prepared.] Use. As a demulcent. Syrupus Digitalis. P. Infuse 9viij of foxglove leaves in f xvj of boiling water for 6 hours; strain the liquor, and make a syrup with twice its weight of sugar. [Guibourt substitutes alcoholic extract of digitalis 1 part, dissolved in 8 parts of water; the filtered solution to be added to 300 parts of boiling syrup. It is twice the strength of the above.] Med. Prop, and Use. As Digitalis. Syrupus Ferri Iodidi. E. See Liquor Ferri Iodidi. Syrupus Ferri Iodidi Compositus. (Ricord.) This may be made by adding the Syrupus Ferri Iodidi to the compound syrup of sarsaparilla. [Each f^ contains gr. iv of the iodide.] Med. Prop. Tonic, and alterative. Use. In cachectic conditions of the system. Syrupus Gentiane. P. Infuse 3xij of gentian in ^xviij of boiling water; strain, and make a syrup with ^ xxxij of sugar. [A more elegant syrup is made by percolation with cold water.] Med. Prop and Use. As Gentiana. Syrupus Gummi Arabici. P. Syrop de Gomme. Gum Arabic (picked, and twice washed for an instant in cold water) Ibj, cold water Ibj; stir them occasionally, till the gum is dis- solved, strain without expression, and mix it with tbviij of syrup, of sp. gr. 1-252, boiling. Med. Prop, and Use. An agreeable, nutritious demulcent. Syrupus Hyoscyami. P. From the extract, as Syrupus Bella- donnae. Med. Prop, and Use. As Hyoscyamus;—a good adjuvant to cough mixtures. Syrupus Ipecacuanhe. U S., E. Macerate gj of coarsely powdered ipecacuanha in Oj of diluted alcohol, for 14 days, and filter. Evaporate the filtered liquor to f^ij, and again filter; 228 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. then mix it with Oij of simple syrup, and evaporate by means of a water-bath, to the proper consistence. Or the alcoholic in- fusion may first be obtained by displacement, employing 3j of powdered ipecac, and diluted alcohol q. s. to procure Oj of filtered liquor; evaporate this to f^ij, and proceed as above. [P. dissolves the alcoholic extract in water, and then mixes it with syrup.]—One fluid ounce is about equal to 15 grains of the root. Use. Chiefly as an expectorant, in cases of children. Syrupus Kramerie. U. S. Extract of rhatany gij, water Oj; dissolve and filter; then add refined sugar Ibijss, and pro- ceed as for Simple Syrup. Med. Prop. As Krameria. Use. A convenient mode of administration to infants, in diar- rhoea. Syrupus Limonis. U S., D. [Syrupus Limonum, L., E.] Strained lemon juice Oj, refined sugar ibij ; add them together, and proceed in the manner directed for Simple Syrup. Med. Prop, and Use. To form a cooling, grateful drink in fevers; also a pleasant adjuvant to certain medicines. Syrupus Lobelie. (Mr. Procter.) Vinegar of lobelia f|vj, sugar § xij. Dissolve by a gentle heat. Med. Prop. As Lobelia. Use. A good form for administering, in asthma. Syrupus Malorum. From apple-juice, as Syrupus Cydoniae. Syrupus Marrubii. P. Dried horehound 3j, horehound water ibij ; digest in a water-bath for 2 hours, strain, and add sugar ibiv. Med. Prop. Demulcent, and reputed expectorant. Use. A popular remedy in colds. Syrupus Menthe. From mint (the herb), as Syrupus Marru- bii.—[Syrupus Aquae Menthae, as Syrupus Aquae Aurantii.] Syrupus Morphie Acetatis. P. Dissolve gr. iv of acetate AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 229 of morphia in a very little water, with a few drops of acetic acid, and mix the solution with g xvj of cold syrup. Med. Prop, and Use. An excellent anodyne demulcent, in pec- toral affections. Syrupus Morphie Sulphatis. P. From sulphate of morphia as the last. [A fluid ounce of each contains Jth of a grain of the salt of morphia. They are intended as substitutes for Syrupus Papaveris.] Syrupus Mori. L. Strained mulberry juice Oj, refined sugar Ibijss; dissolve by a gentle heat, and set it aside for 24 hours: afterwards remove the scum, and pour off the clear liquid from the dregs. [In like manner syrups may be prepared from strawberries, raspberries, pine-apples, &c] Use. To impart a pleasant flavour to drinks. Syrupus Opii. D. Extract of opium gr. xviij, boiling water f^viij; macerate, strain, and add sugar q. s. to make a syrup. —P. Dissolve gr. xvj of extract of opium in % ss of water, add to it f^xvj of boiling syrup; boil for an instant, and strain. Med. Prop, and Use. As the following. Syrupus Papaveris. L., E. [Syrupus Papaveris Somniferi, D.] Poppy capsules (without the seeds) ibij, water Cong, v; boil to Cong, ij; express, and again boil to Oiv; set aside for 12 hours, decant, boil to Oij, add sugar Ibv, and make a syrup. [The presence of the seeds is thought to dispose the syrup to ferment.]—Mr. Southall recommends it to be prepared with a cold infusion, made by percolation, the above proportions being employed.—P. directs 3iy °f the alcoholic extract of poppies to be dissolved in %iv of water, and the solution added to ibiv of boiling syrup, continuing the boiling to a proper con- sistence.—Dose, f3ss to f3J, for an infant. Med. Prop, and Use. A very mild anodyne and demulcent syrup, intended for infantile cases. Syrupus Persimmonis. Unripe persimmons, slightly crushed, 20 230 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. § viij, boiling water Oj; infuse till cold, and strain. Boil with § viij of sugar, to the consistence of syrup. Med. Prop. Astringent. Use. In chronic diarrhoea, and dysentery. Syrupus Pruni Virginiane. (Mr. Procter.) Macerate |iv of wild cherry bark, powdered, with f^xij of water, and put it into a percolator, adding water till f^xij of liquid are obtained, retaining the first portions, if not clear; dissolve in this liquor Ibij of white sugar.—Dose, a tablespoonful. Med. Prop. Tonic, and sedative. Use. An elegant substitute for the cold infusion. Syrupus Quinie Sulphatis. P. Dissolve gr. xxxij of sulphate of quinine in 3ij of water, with a few drops of alcoholized sul- phuric acid, and mix the solution with ^xvj of white syrup, without heat. (Lemon syrup may also be used.) Use. A good form of administering quinia to children. Syrupus Rhamni. L., E., D. Fresh juice of buckthorn berries (cleared by subsidence) Oiv, sliced ginger 3vj, bruised pimento 3vj, sugar Ibiv; macerate the ginger and pimento with Oj of the juice for 4 hours, with a gentle heat, and strain; boil the rest to Ojss, and dissolve the sugar in the mixed liquors. Med. Prop. A brisk cathartic. Syrupus Rhatanie. See Syrupus Krameriae. Syrupus Rhei. U. S. Bruised rhubarb |ij; macerate in boil- ing water Oj for 24 hours, and strain; then add refined sugar Ibij, and proceed in the manner directed for Simple Syrup.— Dose, f3J to f3ij, in infantile cases. Med. Prop. As Rhubarb. Syrupus Rhei Aromaticus. U, S. Spiced Syrup of Rhubarb. Bruised rhubarb §ijss, bruised cloves, bruised cinnamon, each, gss, bruised nutmeg 3ij, diluted alcohol Oij; macerate for 14 days, strain, evaporate by waterdbath to Oj, filter while hot, and mix with Ovj of syrup previously heated. [It may also be pre* pared by percolation.]—Dose, f3J, in infantile diarrhoea. Med, Prop. A warm stomachic laxative. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 231 Syrupus Rhceados. L., E. [Syrupus Papaveris Rhoeados, D.] To Oj of water, heated in a water-bath, add gradually ibj of red poppy-petals; then remove from the fire, macerate for 12 hours, strain, and make a syrup with ibijss of sugar. Use. It has no medicinal virtues, and is very liable to ferment. Syrupus Rose. L., D. [Syrupus Rosae Centifoliae, E.] Dried petals of the hundred-leaved rose 3vij, boiling water Oiij ; mace- rate for 12 hours, and strain. Evaporate the strained liquid to Oij, strain, and dissolve in it Ibvj of white sugar.—E. directs the fresh petals of the damask rose to be infused in boiling water for 12 hours, and the sugar then added. Med. Prop. Gently laxative. Use. In infantile cases. Syrupus Rose Gallice. E. Red rose petals §ij, boiling water Oj, pure sugar gxx, infuse for 12 hours, strain, and dissolve the sugar by heat. Med. Prop. Gently astringent. Use. Chiefly to impart a fine red colour to mixtures. Syrupus Rute. Infuse 3j of rue in Oj of boiling water, strain, and add twice its weight of sugar; or triturate 8 drops of the oil of rue with Oj of simple syrup. (Pereira.) Syrupus Sambuci. Boil the juice of elder berries for an instant with twice its weight of sugar. Med. Prop, and Use. As Sambucus. Syrupus Sarsaparille. D. [Syrupus Sarzae, L., E.] Sarsa- parilla sliced, |xv, boiling water Cong, j; macerate for 24 hours, boil down to Oiv, strain, add ^xv of sugar, and boil to a syrup. Med. Prop. As Sarsaparilla; but not a good preparation. Syrupus Sarsaparille Compositus. U. S. Powdered sarsa- parilla ibij, rasped guaiacum 3iij, red roses, senna, and bruised liquorice root, each, |ij, diluted alcohol Ox; macerate for 14 days, express and filter; evaporate the tincture by water-bath, to Oiv, filter, add sugar (refined) Ibviij, and dissolve it as recom- mended for Simple Syrup. To this, when cold, add oil of anise 232 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. rnjv, oil of sassafras irjjv, oil of partridge-berry Ejriij, previously triturated with a little of the syrup.—Dose, f^ ss. [For a more concentrated syrup, see Extractum Sarzae Compositum.] Med. Prop, and Use. An excellent preparation of sarsaparilla; much employed as an alterative in chronic disorders, especially secondary syphilis. Syrupus Scille. U. S., E. Vinegar of squill Oj, refined sugar Ibij; add them together, and proceed as directed for Simple Syrup.—Dose, f3ss to f3J, for an adult. Med. Prop. A stimulant expectorant. Use. In pectoral affections, after the subsidence of the inflamma- tion. Syrupus Scille Compositus. U. S. Hive Syrup. Squill and seneka, bruised, each, ^iv, tartrate of antimony and potassa gr. xlviij, water Oiv, sugar (refined) Ibiij ss. Pour the water upon the squill and seneka, boil to one half, strain, add the sugar, evaporate to Oiij, and, while still hot, dissolve in it the tartar emetic. [It may also advantageously be prepared by displace- ment.]—Dose, 10 drops to a fluidrachm. Med. Prop. Emetic, diaphoretic, expectorant, and cathartic. Use. In croup, and chronic pectoral affections. Syrupus Senne. L. Senna ^ijss, fennel seed 3x, boiling water Oj; digest for an hour, strain, and add manna §iij, sugar 3XV> and boil to a syrup.—E. directs senna giv, boiling water f^xxiv; infuse for 12 hours, strain with strong expression, so as to obtain f^xxij of liquid. Concentrate ibiv of treacle as far as possible in a vapour-bath, add to it the infusion, stirring carefully, and removing the vessel from the bath as soon as the mixture is complete.— U. S. directs senna ^ij, fennel seed, bruised, 3j, boiling water Oj, sugar sxv. The senna and fennel seed to be digested in the water with a gentle heat, for an hour, then strained, the sugar added, and then evaporated to the proper consistence. Med. Prop, and Use. Intended chiefly as a cathartic for children. Syrupus Senne Concentratus. See Extractum Sennae Fluidum. Another method of preparing it is that of Mr. Duhamel : Mace- AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 233 rate 3 viij of coarsely powdered senna with f^xvj of diluted alcohol for 12 hours; put it into a displacement apparatus, and pour in water, till f^xlviij have passed. Evaporate to f^v, and dissolve in it §v of sugar; strain, and, when cold, add for each fluid ounce 2 drops of oil of fennel dissolved in a little comp. spirit of sulphuric ether.—Dose, f^ss. Med. Prop, and Use. A good substitute for Senna, the griping qualities of which are obviated. Syrupus Senege. U S> Boil £iv of bruised seneka with Oj of water to one half, strain, and add Ibj of refined sugar, and proceed in the manner directed for Simple Syrup. [It may also be advantageously prepared by displacement.] Med. Prop, and Use. A stimulant expectorant;—in chronic pul- monary complaints. Syrupus Simplex. See Syrupus, Syrupus Stramonii. From the extract, as Syrupus Belladonnae. Syrupus Tolutani. U.S. [Syrupus Tolutanus, L.,E. Syrupus Balsami Tolutani, D.] Tincture of Tolu f^j, syrup Ojss; mix together, and, by means of a water-bath, evaporate to the proper consistence. Med. Prop. Almost inert. Use. To impart flavour to cough mixtures. Syrupus Tragacanthe. (Guibourt.) Make a mucilage of 3j of tragacanth with §ij of water; add |vj more water, heat for half an hour in a water-bath, mix with it J xxxij of syrup, boil to a due consistence, and strain through flannel. Med. Prop, and Use. As Syrupus Acaciae. Syrupus Viole. E., D. Fresh violets ibj, infuse for 24 hours in boiling water Oijss, in a covered glass or earthen vessel, strain without pressure, and add pure sugar Ibvijss. Med. Prop, and Use. A gentle laxative for infants. Syrupus Zingiberis. U. S., L., E., D. Mix together f|iv of tincture of ginger and Cong, j of Simple Syrup, and, by means of a 20* 234 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. water-bath, evaporate to the proper consistence. [The other Phars. direct it to be made from the infusion.] Med. Prop, and Use. A warm stomachic addition to other pre- parations. Tabacum. U. S.j L., E. [Nicotiana Tabacum, D.] Tobacco. The leaves of Nicotiana Tabacum. Med. Prop. A powerful sedative narcotic, emetic, diuretic, and errhine. Use. Chiefly in infusion, as an enema, in strangulated hernia, and ileus; also to the throat, in spasmodic croup; also as an ointment, in porrigo of the scalp. Tamarindus. U S., L., E. [Tamarindus Indicus, D.] Tama- rinds. The preserved fruit of Tamarindus Indica. Med. Prop. Laxative, and refrigerant. Use. As a drink, in fevers. Tanacetum. U S. (Sec.) [Tanacetum Vulgare, D.] Tansy. The herb of Tanacetum vulgare. Med. Prop. Tonic, and reputed emmenagogue, and anthelmintic. Use. In amenorrhoea. Tapioca. U. S., E. The fecula of the root of Jatropha Manihot. Med. Prop. Nutritious, and demulcent. Use. As an article of diet. Taraxacum. U. S., L., E. [Leontodon Taraxacum, D.] Dan- delion. The root of Leontodon Taraxacum. Med. Prop. Tonic, diuretic, and laxative; also alterative to the liver. Use. Chiefly in disorders connected with a deranged secretion of the liver. Terebinthina. U. S. Turpentine. The juice of Pinus palus- tris, and other species of Pinus. Med. Prop. Stimulant, diuretic, anthelmintic, and cathartic. Use. As the essential oil. See Oleum Terebinthinae. Terebinthina Canadensis. U. S., L. [Balsamum Canadense, AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 235 E., D.] Canada Turpentine. Canada Balsam. Balsam of Fir. The juice of Abies balsamea. Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding. Terebinthina Chia. L., E., D. Chian Turpentine. The liquid resinous exudation of Pistachia Terebinthus. Med. Prop, and Use. As Terebinthina. Terebinthina Veneta. E., D. Venice Turpentine. Liquid resinous exudation of Abies Larix. Med. Prop, and Use. As Terebinthina. Terebinthina Vulgaris. L., D. Common European Turpen- tine. The resinous liquid exudation of Pinus sylvestris. Med. Prop, and Use. As Terebinthina. Testa Preparata. U S. [Testae Praeparatae, L.] Prepared Oyster-shell. Free oyster-shell from extraneous matters, wash it with boiling water, and reduce it to powder; then prepare it in the manner directed for chalk. See Creta Preparata. Med. Prop. Antacid, and absorbent; the minute quantity of animal matter blended with the carbonate of lime is supposed to render it more acceptable to a delicate stomach. Use. In diarrhoea with acidity. Theina. Thein, or Caffein, the active principle of tea and coffee, can be prepared from a decoction of tea or raw coffee, by adding to it a solution of subacetate of lead so long as it occasions a pre- cipitate ; filter the liquid, and pass sulphuretted hydrogen through it, so as to free it from the lead; again filter, and concentrate, that crystals may form. Theriaca Andromachi. Venice Treacle. This preparation con- sists of 61 ingredients, and contains 1 grain of opium in 75. The Theriaca of P. contains 72 ingredients, and contains 1 grain of opium in 72. [These preparations are now obsolete.] Tincture. Tinctures, in a pharmaceutical sense, are solutions of medicinal substances in alcohol, or diluted alcohol, prepared by maceration, digestion, or percolation. Solutions in spirit of ammonia and ethereal spirit are also embraced under the same 236 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. denomination, but are severally distinguished as ammoniated tinctures and ethereal tinctures. Rectified spirit (alcohol of sp. gr. 0-835) is preferred as the solvent, when the substance to be extracted is nearly, or quite insoluble in water; diluted alcohol (proof spirit) is preferred where the substance is soluble in both alcohol and water. Tinctures are prepared by macerating or digesting the medicinal substances in the state of coarse powder, for a sufficient length of time, in the proper menstruum, or by percolation. [For the method of preparing tinctures of fresh plants, see Succi Alcoholati.] Tinctures should be preserved in closely-stopped bottles. Tinctura Aconiti. U. S. Aconite (dried leaves) |iv, diluted alcohol Oij; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper.—Dose, 20 or 30 drops. [Prepared also by percolation, with aconite Jiv, diluted alcohol q. s. to cause Oij of filtered liquor.] Med. Prop. As Aconitum. Use. A good preparation for internal use, if made from good leaves. Tinctura Aconiti cum Foliis Recentibus. P. Fresh aconite is bruised and macerated for 15 days with an equal weight of rectified spirits; then strain with expression, and filter the liquor.—Dose, 2 to 12 drops. Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding, but stronger. Tinctura Aconiti JEtherea. P. Powdered aconite £iv, sul- phuric ether J xvj; prepare by percolation, by means of an adopter. Med. Prop, and Use. As the alcoholic tinctures. Tinctura Aconiti Radicis Concentrata. (Dr. Turnbull.) Powdered aconite root ibj, rectified spirit ibij; digest for 7 days, express the tincture, and filter.—For outward use only, in neu- ralgia. Tinctura Aloes. U. S., L. Powdered aloes 3j, liquorice |iij, alcohol Oss, distilled water Ojss; macerate for 14 days, and filter through paper. Med. Prop, and Use. As Aloes;—but little used. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 237 Tinctura Aloes et Myrrhe. U. S., E. [Tinctura Aloes Composita, L., D.] Elixir Proprietatis. Powdered aloes j|iij, saffron gj, tincture of myrrh Oij; macerate for 14 days, and filter through paper. Med. Prop. Tonic, purgative, and emmenagogue. Use. In chlorosis, and amenorrhoea with constipation. Tinctura Ammonie Composita. L. Spiritus Ammonias Suc- cinatus. Mastic 3ij, rectified spirit f3ix; digest until dissolved, decant, and add oil of lavender ejj xiv, oil of amber tn> iv, stronger solution of ammonia Oj ; mix. [Without the oil of amber, this forms the Eau de Luce of the shops.] Med. Prop. Very much as Spiritus Ammoniae;—stimulant and antispasmodic. Use. Chiefly as a stimulant, applied to the nostrils. Tinctura Angusture. D. Powdered Angustura bark Jij, rectified spirit f J xxxij ; macerate for 7 days, and filter. Med. Prop, and Use. As Angustura bark. Tinctura Antiscorbutic a. P. Tinctura Armoraciae Com- posita. Horseradish root ^ viij, black mustard seed ^iv, muriate of ammonia ^ij, proof spirit ^xvj, compound spirit of scurvy grass 3xvj ; macerate for a week. Med. Prop. A stimulant tincture, employed in scurvy. Tinctura Antiarthritica. Dr. Graves's Gout Tincture. Orange-peel |ij, rhubarb §j, powder of aloes and canella gij, brandy Oij; digest for a week.—Dose, a spoonful, night and morning, with water. Tinctura Arnice. (Prus. Ph.) Arnica flowers 3jss, spirit of wine (at 0*900) ibj ; digest, and filter. Med. Prop, and Use. As Arnica. Tinctura Arnice ^Etherea. P. From Arnica flowers, as Tinctura Aconiti iEtherea. Med. Prop, and Use. As Arnica. Tinctura Aromatica. See Tinctura Cinnamomi Composita. 238 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Tinctura Assafo:tide. U. S., L., E., D. Assafcetida §iv, alco- hol Oij ; macerate for 14 days, and filter through paper. Med. Prop. As Assafcetida. Use. To make the emulsion, by the addition of water. Tinctura Astringens. (Dr. Copland.) Catechu gss, myrrh f ss, cinchona 3ij, balsam of Peru 3Jss, spirit of horseradish 3jss, rectified spirit 3jss; digest. Use. For sponginess of the gums. Tinctura Aurantii. L.,E.,D. Dried orange-peel ^iijss, proof spirit Oij ; macerate 14 days, and strain. Use. As an agreeable addition to infusions, decoctions, and mixtures. Tinctura Belladonne. U. S. Belladonna leaves ^iv, diluted alcohol Oij ; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. [Also by percolation.]—Dose, 15 to 30 drops. [Other stronger tinctures are made by macerating the extract in proof spirit.] Med. Prop, and Use. A good preparation, if made from the recently dried leaves; but very apt to be inefficient. Tinctura Belladonne ./Etherea. P. As Tine. Aconiti iEtherea. Tinctura Benzoini. P. Benzoin giv, rectified spirit Oj; digest for 6 days. Med. Prop, and Use. As Benzoinum;—chiefly employed to flavour. Tinctura Benzoini Composita. U S., L., E. [Tine. Benzoes Comp., D.] Benzoin giij, purified storax ^ij, balsam of Tolu §j, powdered aloes ^ss, alcohol Oij; macerate for 14 days, and filter through paper. [This is identical with the Balsamum Traumaticum, Wade's Balsam, or Friar's Balsam.— Turling- ton's Balsam consists of the above ingredients, with the addi- tion of Peruvian bark, myrrh, and angelica root.] Used as a vulnerary. Tinctura Buchu. D. [Tine. Buku, E.~] Leaves of the Diosma AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 239 crenata (Buchu) gij, proof spirit Oj; macerate for 7 days, and filter. Med. Prop. As Diosma. Tinctura Camphore. U. S., L., E., D. Camphor giv, alco- hol Oij; dissolve.—Dose, 5 drops to f3j, in sugar and water. —P. directs 1 part of camphor to 7 of spirit; and a weaker solu- tion, consisting of 1 part of camphor to 40 of proof spirit. Med. Prop. Stimulant, and antispasmodic; externally, anodyne. Use. In mild colic, and cholera; externally, to bruises, sprains, &c. Tinctura Cannabis Indice. (Bengal Ph.) Resinous Extract of Indian Hemp gr. xxiv, proof spirit f^j.—Dose, 5 to 10 drops in neuralgia, cholera, &c. In tetanus, much larger doses are given. Med. Prop. A powerful sedative narcotic. Tinctura Cantharidis. U. S., L., E., D. Spanish flies, bruised, §j, diluted alcohol Oij; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper.—Dose, 20 drops to f3j, three times a day. Med. Prop, and Use. The best form for the internal adminis- tration of cantharides, in chronic leucorrhoea, gleet, amenor- rhoea, &c.; also externally, as a rubefacient. Tinctura Cantharidis Etherea. P. Powdered Cantharides §iv, acetic ether ^ xxxij; macerate for 8 days in a stoppered bottle; express and filter. Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding. Tinctura Capsici. U. S.,L.,E., D. Cayenne pepper 3j, diluted alcohol Oij; macerate for 14 days, and filter through paper. [Also by displacement.] Med. Prop. Stimulant. Use. In low states of the system; malignant scarlet fever, and in the gastric insensibility of drunkards; also to the throat, in scarlatina maligna. Tinctura Capsici Acetata. (Van Mons.) Capsicum |ij, vinegar gxij, proof spirit g xij; digest. Med. Prop, and Use. As the last. Tinctura Cardamomi. U S., L., E. Bruised cardamom giv, 240 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. diluted alcohol Oij ; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. [It may also be prepared by percolation.] Med. Prop, and Use. As the following. Tinctura Cardamomi Composita. L.,E., D. Cardamom seeds, free from capsules, 3iJss> caraway seeds 3iJss> cochineal 3j, cinnamon 3v, raisins, stoned, gv, proof spirit Oij ; macerate for 14 days, and filter. Med. Prop. A very agreeable carminative tincture. Use. In mild colic, nausea, debility of the stomach, &c. Tinctura Caryophylli. P. Digest bruised cloves with four times their weight of spirit at 0-863, for 15 days. Med. Prop. A strong aromatic tincture. Tinctura Cascarille. L., E., D. Powdered Cascarilla |v, proof spirit Oij ; macerate for 14 days, and filter;—[17 days, E. and D., or by percolation.] Med. Prop, and Use. As Cascarilla. Tinctura Cassie. E. Cassia, in moderately fine powder, g iij ss, proof spirit Oij ; digest for 7 days, strain, express strongly, and filter. [Or preferably, by percolation.] Med. Prop, and Use. As Tinctura Cinnamomi. Tinctura Castorei. U. S., L., E., D. Castor, bruised, |ij, alcohol Oij; macerate for 7 days, express, and filter through paper. Med. Prop. Antispasmodic. Use. In hysteria, and spasmodic affections. Tinctura Castorei Ammoniata. E. Bruised castor gijss, assafcetida, in small fragments, 3X, spirit of ammonia Oij; digest for 7 days in a close vessel, strain, express strongly, and filter through paper. [This is the Elixir Foztidum of foreign pharmacopoeias; and, with the addition of 3v of opium, it forms the Elixir Uterinum, or Elixir Castorei Thebaicum.] Med. Prop. Stimulant, and antispasmodic. Use. In hysteria, cramps of the stomach, &c. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 241 Tinctura Castorei ^Etherea. P. Castor |iv, sulphuric ether 3xvj; macerate for 4 days in a well-stopped bottle, and filter. Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding. Tinctura Catechu. U. S., L., E., D. Tinctura Japonica. Catechu 3iij, bruised cinnamon gij, diluted alcohol Oij; mace- rate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. [Or by per- colation, E.] Med. Prop, and Use. A grateful astringent, useful in chronic diarrhoea; often combined with chalk. Tinctura Cinchone. U S., L., E., D. Peruvian bark [yel- low, L., E., D.] in powder, gvj, diluted alcohol Oij ; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. [Or by percola- tion, allowing the bark to stand moistened with the spirit for 48 hours, and then displacing Oij of the tincture.] Med. Prop. As Cinchona. Use. Chiefly as an adjunct. Tinctura Cinchone Composita. U. S., L., E., D. Huxam's Tincture. Peruvian bark, in powder, [pale, L.; yellow, E.] gij, bruised orange-peel 3jss, bruised serpentaria 3iij, cut saffron 3j, red saunders 3J, diluted alcohol fgxx ; macerate for 14 days, express and filter through paper. [Or by percolation, as the pre- ceding.]—Dose, f3J—iv. Med. Prop. An excellent cordial stomachic. Use. In low forms of fever, and malignant intermittents; and in certain forms of dyspepsia. Tinctura Cinnamomi. U. S., L., E., D. Bruised cinnamon |iij, diluted alcohol Oij; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. [Or by percolation.] Med. Prop, and Use. As an aromatic astringent in diarrhoeas. Tinctura Cinnamomi Composita. U. S., L., E., D. Bruised cinnamon 3j, bruised cardamom seeds |ss, bruised ginger 3iij, diluted alcohol Oij ; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. [Or by percolation, as Tine. Cinchonae.] 21 242 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Med. Prop, and Use. A stimulant cordial;—in spasm of the stomach, flatulence, and debility of the stomach. Tinctura Colchici. L., E. [Tinctura Colchici Seminis, U. S.; Tinctura Seminum Colchici, D.] Bruised colchicum seeds gv, proof spirit Oij; macerate for 14 days. (L.)—U.S. directs colchicum seeds, bruised, 3 iv, diluted alcohol Oij ; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. [Or by percolation as Tinctura Cinchonae.]—Dose, f3ss to f3ij.—P. directs the dried cormus, one part to four of proof spirit. Med. Prop, and Use. As Vinum Colchici, which is usually pre- ferred. Tinctura Florum Colchici. Dr. Wilson's Eau Medicinale. Mix two parts of fresh juice of colchicum flowers with one of brandy; after a few days filter or decant. Med. Prop, and Use. As Colchicum. Tinctura Colchici Composita. L. Bruised colchicum seeds §v, aromatic spirit of ammonia Oij ; macerate for 14 days, and filter.—Dose, ttjjxxx to f3J. Med. l'rop. and Use. As Vinum Colchici, but more stimulating. Tinctura Colombe. U S., D. [Tinctura Columbae, L., E.] Columbo, bruised, giv, diluted alcohol Oij; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. [Also by percolation, as Tinctura Cinchonae.] Med. Prop. As Columbo. Use. Generally as an adjuvant. Tinctura Conii. U S., L., E., D. Dried hemlock leaves |iv, diluted alcohol Oij; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. [Or by percolation, as the last.]—E. directs fresh hemlock 3xij, tincture of cardamom fgx, rectified spirit fgxxx; bruise, and press the hemlock, and transmit first the tincture, and then the spirit through the pressed residuum into the juice, gently adding water q. s. to displace the spirit remain- ing in the percolator.—P. directs a tincture from the fresh leaves, as Tinctura Aconiti. Med. Prop, and Use. As Conium. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 243 Tinctura Conii ^Etherea. P. As Tinctura Aconiti iEtherea. Tinctura Croci. E. Saffron, chopped fine, |ij, proof spirit Oij; prepare it either by percolation or digestion, as Tinctura Cinchonae. Use. To impart colour to mixtures. Tinctura Cubebe. U S., L. [Tinctura Piperis Cubebae, D.] Bruised cubebs Jiv, diluted alcohol Oij; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. [Also by displacement.] Med. Prop, and Use. As Cubeba. Tinctura Digitalis. U. S., L., E., D. Foxglove (leaves) giv, diluted alcohol Oij; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. [Also by displacement, as Tinctura Cinchonae.] —Dose, ten to twenty drops, three times a day, carefully in- creased, if necessary. Med. Prop, and Use. A good form for administering Foxglove. Tinctura Digitalis .ZEtherea. P. As Tinctura Aconiti iEtherea. Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding. Tinctura Ferri Acetatis. D. Acetate of potash 2 parts, sulphate of iron 1 part; rub them together, dry with a mode- rate heat, triturate with 26 parts of rectified spirit, digest for 7 days in a stoppered bottle, shaking frequently, and decant.— Dose, ejjxx to f3J- Med. Prop, and Use. As Ferri Acetas. Tinctura Ferri Ammonio-Chloridi. L. Tinctura Ferri Ammoniati. Ammonio-chloride of iron (ammoniated iron) 3 iv, proof spirit Oj ; dissolve. Med. Prop. A feeble and uncertain chalybeate. Tinctura Ferri Chloridi. U S. [Tinctura Ferri Sesqui- chloridi, L.; Ferri Muriatis Tinctura, E.; Muriatis Ferri Liquor, D.] Muriated Tincture of Iron. Subcarbonate of iron (sesquioxide) Ibss, muriatic acid Oj ; mix them together, shaking the mixture occasionally, for 3 days; let the dregs 244 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. subside, pour off the liquor, and then add alcohol Oiij.—Dose, ejjx to xxx. Med. Prop. An active and certain chalybeate; it also acts on the kidneys. Use. As a tonic in scrofula; also in gleet, leucorrhoea, and dysuria dependent on spasm of the urethra; externally, to cancrum oris. Tinctura Ferri Chloridi .ZEtherea. P. Teinture de Bes- tuchef. Dry perchloride of iron 3J, spirit of sulphuric ether 3 vij ; mix in a stoppered bottle, and keep it from the light. Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding. Tinctura Ferri Protiodidi. (Calloud.) Sulphate of iron 3j, iodide of potassium $x', powder them separately, triturate together, and add rectified spirit Oj; filter, and keep in close bottles, quite filled. [Each f3 contains about 4 grs. of dry iodide of iron.] Med. Prop, and Use. As Liquor Ferri Iodidi. Tinctura Galbani. D. Galbanum, in small pieces, ^ij, proof spirit Oij ; digest for 7 days, and filter. Med. Prop, and Use. Similar to Tinctura Assafoetidae, but weaker. Tinctura Galle. U. S., L. [Tinctura Gallanum, E., D.] Galls, bruised, ^iv, diluted alcohol Oij ; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. [Or by percolation as Tinctura Cinchonae.] Med. Prop. A powerful astringent, but used more as a test than as a medicine. Tinctura Gentiane Composita. U. S., L., E., D. Tinctura Amara. Bruised gentian ^ij, dried orange-peel Jj, bruised cardamom seeds §ss, diluted alcohol Oij; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. [Also by percolation, as Tinctura Cinchonae.] Med. Prop. An elegant tonic, and stomachic. Use. In dyspepsia, and as an adjunct to other bitters. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 245 Tinctura Guaiaci. U S., L., E., D. Powdered guaiac ibss, alcohol Oij; macerate for 14 days, and filter through paper. Med. Prop. As Guaiacum. Use. Chiefly in dysmenorrhoea. Tinctura Guaiaci Alkalina. (Dr. Dewees.) Guaiac (in powder) giv, carbonate of potassa 3jss, powdered pimento gj, diluted alcohol Ibj; digest for a few days.—Dose, a teaspoonful, 3 times a day, in dysmenorrhoea. Tinctura Guaiaci Ammoniata. U S., E., D. [Tinctura Guaiaci Composita, L.] Powdered guaiac giv, aromatic spirit of ammonia Ojss; macerate for 14 days, and filter through paper.—Dose, f3J to f3ij. Use. In chronic rheumatism, and dysmenorrhoea. Tinctura Hellebori. U. S., L. [Tinctura Hellebori Nigri, D.] Black hellebore, bruised, §iv, diluted alcohol Oij; mace- rate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. Med. Prop. As Helleborus. Use. Chiefly in amenorrhoea; but an uncertain remedy. Tinctura Hellebori Albi. See Tinctura Veratri. Tinctura Humuli. U. S., D. [Tinctura Lupuli, L.] Hops |v, diluted alcohol Oij; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. Med. Prop. Tonic, stimulant, and narcotic. Use. In the dyspepsia of drunkards, and in cases threatening mania a potu. Tinctura Hyoscyami. U. S., L., E., D. Henbane leaves giv, diluted alcohol Oij; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. [Also by percolation, as Tinctura Cinchonae.] —Dose, f3ss to f3j- Med. Prop. As Hyoscyamus. Use. As a substitute for laudanum, in quieting coughs. Tinctura Hyperici. Flowering tops of St. John's wort Jv, rec- tified spirit Oj ; digest for 3 days. Use. Chiefly as an application to wounds and bruises. 21* 246 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Tinctura Iodini. U S., L., E., D. Iodine 3j, alcohol Oj; dissolve the iodine in the alcohol, and preserve in closely-stopped bottles. [Coindet directs 1 part of iodine to 12 of rectified spirit.]—Dose, 10 to 20 drops. Most used externally, in ery- sipelas, chilblains, and tumours. Med. Prop. See Iodinum. Tinctura Iodini Composita. U S., L. Iodine £ss, iodide of potassium g j; dissolve them in Oj of alcohol.—Dose, 15 to 20 drops, in water. Med. Prop, and Use. As Iodine;—a good preparation for in- ternal use. Tinctura Iridis. Fresh powdered orris-root 1 part, rectified spirit 8 parts. (Sold as Esprit de Violettes.) Tinctura Jalape. U S., L., E., D. Jalap, in powder, ^viij, diluted alcohol Oij ; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. [Also by displacement, as Tinctura Cinchonae.] Med. Prop, and Use. As Jalapa;—sometimes employed as an adjunct to purgative mixtures. Tinctura Japonica. See Tinctura Catechu. Tinctura Kino. L., E., D. Kino, in powder, ^iijss, rectified spirit Oij; macerate for 14 days, and filter. [It is apt to be- come gelatinous on keeping, and to lose its astringency.] Med. Prop, and Use. As Kino. Tinctura Kramerie. U. S. Rhatany, in powder, |vj, diluted alcohol Oij; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. [Or by percolation, as Tinctura Cinchonae.] Med. Prop, and Use. As Krameria;—a good astringent prepa- ration for combination with the chalk mixture. Tinctura Lactucarii. E. Lactucarium, in fine powder, ^iv, proof spirit Oij ; digest, or percolate. Med. Prop, and Use. As Lactucarium. Tinctura Lavandule Composita. L. Spirit of lavender Ojss, spirit of rosemary Oss, cinnamon 3ijss, nutmeg 3ijss, red saun- AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 247 ders wood 3v; macerate for 14 days, and strain. [For U. S., E., and D., see Spiritus Lavandulae Compositus.] Med. Prop, and Use. Stimulant, and carminative;—in nausea, fainting, and debility of stomach. Tinctura Lobelie. U S., E. Dried lobelia (the herb) |iv, diluted alcohol Oij; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper.—Dose, f3J to f3ij, in the paroxysms of asthma. Med. Prop. As Lobelia. Tinctura Lobelie .ZEtherea. E. Dried lobelia, in powder, ^v, spirit of sulphuric ether Oij ; digest or percolate. [Whitlaw's Ethereal Tincture is : Dried lobelia ibj, rectified spirit Oiv, spirit of nitric ether Oiv, spirit of sulphuric ether giv; macerate for 14 days in a dark place, and filter.—Dose, ttjj v to xx.] Med. Prop. As the last, but inferior. Tinctura Lupuline. U. S. [Tinctura Lupuli, E.] Lupulin | iv, alcohol Oij; macerate for 14 days, and filter through paper. —Dose, f3J to f3ij. [It is preferable to Tine. Humuli.] Use. As Tinctura Lupuli. Tinctura Moschi. D. Musk, in powder, 3ij, rectified spirit Oj; digest for 7 days, and filter.—P. directs ^iv to Oj. Med. Prop. This is too feeble to be of any use as an antispas- modic. Tinctura Myristice Composita. Essence Cephalique, P. Nutmeg gij, cloves ^ij, cinnamon 3jss, pomegranate flowers 3jss, rectified spirit Oij; macerate for 15 days, and strain. Med. Prop. A strong aromatic cordial. Tinctura Myrrhe. U S., L., E., D. Myrrh, bruised, |iv, alcohol Oiij ; macerate for 14 days, and filter through paper. Med. Prop. As Myrrha. Use. Chiefly as an external application to indolent and flabby ulcers, and to spongy gums, and aphthous sore mouth. Tinctura Myrrhe JEtherea. P. As Tine. Castorei iEtherea. Tinctura Nucis Vomice. D. Nux vomica, rasped, 3ij, recti- 248 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. fied spirit gviij; macerate for 7 days, and filter.—Dose, 5 to 20 drops. Med. Prop. As Nux Vomica, but inferior to the alcoholic extract. Tinctura Olei Menthe Piperite. U.S. Essence of Pepper- mint. Oil of peppermint f^ij, dissolve it in Oj of alcohol.— Dose, 10 to 20 drops. Med. Prop. As Mentha Piperita. Use. A very convenient form for internal use, given dropped on loaf sugar. Tinctura Olei Menthe Viridis. U S. Essence of Spear- mint. As the last, substituting oil of spearmint. Tinctura Odontalgic a. Tincture of opium 3J, sulphuric ether 3iij, oil of cloves 3 drops. Use. For toothache; applied to the carious tooth. Tinctura Opii. U S.,L.,E.,D. Laudanum. Thebaic Tinc- ture. Powdered opium ^ijss, diluted alcohol Oij; macerate for 14 days, express and filter through paper.—L. directs powdered opium giij, proof spirit Oij (imp. meas.).—E. directs sliced opium ^iij, to be digested in f^xiijss of water, at near 212°, for 2 hours, break it down with the hand, strain, and express; then macerate the residuum in f^xxvij of rectified spirit for 24 hours; strain, express, and mix together the two infusions, and filter. —D. is the same as U. S.—Dose, 25 drops, equivalent to gr. j of opium. Med. Prop. As Opium. Use. The most commonly employed preparation of opium, both internally and externally. Tinctura Opii Acetata. U. S. Opium ^ij, to be rubbed up .with vinegar f^xij ; then add alcohol Oss; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper.—Dose, equivalent to gr. j of opium, e£ x, or 20 drops. Med. Prop, and Use. As Tinctura Opii. Tinctura Opii Ammoniata. E. Scotch Paregoric. Benzoic acid and saffron, of each, 3yj, opium sliced gss; oil of anise 3J, AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 249 spirit of ammonia Oij; digest for 7 days, and then filter. [80 minims are about equivalent to gr. j of opium.] Med. Prop, and Use. As the following, but somewhat uncertain. Tinctura Opii Camphorata. U. S., E., D. [Tine. Camphorae Composita, L.] Paregoric Elixir. Powdered opium and ben- zoic acid, of each, 3J, oil of anise f3J, clarified honey ^ij, cam- phor 9ij, diluted alcohol Oij ; macerate for 14 days, and filter through paper. [Half a fluid ounce contains very nearly one grain of opium.]—Dose, f3J, or more. Med. Prop. Anodyne, and antispasmodic. Use. In diarrhoea, nausea, slight colic, coughs, and in infantile cases. [The following formulae are given by the Phila. Col. of Pharmacy for Bateman's Pectoral Drops, and Godfrey's Cordial: Bateman's Drops. Diluted alcohol Cong, iv, red saunders, rasped, |ij; digest for 24 hours, filter, and add powdered opium Jij, powdered catechu ^ij, camphor ^ij, oil of anise f3iv; digest for 10 days.—It contains about gr. ij of opium to the f^. Godfrey's Cordial. Tincture of opium Ojss, sugar-house molasses Oxvj, alcohol Oij, water Oxxvj, carbonate of potassa §ijss, oil of sassafras f3iv; dissolve the carbonate of potassa in the water, add the molasses, and heat over the fire till they simmer; re- move the scum, and then add the laudanum and oil of sassafras, well mixed together.—It contains rather more than gr. j of opium to the f^.] Tinctura Quassie. U. S., E., D. Rasped quassia f ij, diluted alcohol Oij; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. Med. Prop, and Use. As Quassia;—as an adjunct to tonic in- fusions and mixtures. Tinctura Quassie Composita. E. Bruised cardamom seed and bruised cochineal, of each, §ss, powdered cinnamon and chipped quassia, of each, 3vj, raisins 3vij, proof spirit Oij; digest for 7 days. Med. Prop. Tonic, and aromatic. Use. As the former. 250 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Tinctura Rhei. U. S., E. Bruised rhubarb 3iij, bruised car- damom seeds 3ss, diluted alcohol Oij; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. [Or by percolation, as Tine. Cinchonae.] Med. Prop, and Use. As Rheum. Tinctura Rhei Anisata. (Dr. Copland.) Rhubarb and liquorice-root, of each, bruised, ^ij, aniseed and sugar, of each, §j, proof spirit Oij ; macerate for 14 days. Med. Prop, and Use. As Tine. Rhei Composita. Tinctura Rhei Composita. L., D. Sliced rhubarb |ijss, bruised liquorice-root 3^j, sliced ginger 3iij, saffron 3iij, proof spirit Oij; macerate for 14 days, and strain. Med. Prop. Laxative, and carminative. Tinctura Rhei et Aloes. U S., E. Elixir Sacrum. Bruised rhubarb %x, powdered aloes 3vj, bruised cardamom seeds £ss, diluted alcohol Oij; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. Med. Prop. Stomachic, laxative, and emmenagogue. Use. In amenorrhoea with constipation. Tinctura Rhei Saccharata [or Extractum Rhei Fluidum]. Coarsely powdered rhubarb ^viij is to be introduced into a per- colator; pour in diluted alcohol Oij, returning it till therhubarh is exhausted. Evaporate to f^vss, and then dissolve in it white sugar gv. The resulting liquid should measure f3viij. Med. Prop, and Use. A strong and certain preparation of rhubarb. —Dose, f3J. Tinctura Rhei et Gentiane. U S., E. Bruised rhubarb |ij, bruised gentian ^ss, diluted alcohol Oij; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. [Or by percolation, as Tine. Cinchonae.]—Dose, f3J—iv. Med. Prop. Stomachic, laxative, and tonic. Use. Where a purgative is required in low states of the system. Tinctura Rhei et Senne. U S. Warner's Gout Cordial Bruised rhubarb 3j, senna 3ij, bruised coriander and fennel-seeds, each, 3J, red saunders 3ij, saffron and liquorice, each 3ss, raisins AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 251 (stoned) ibss, diluted alcohol Oiij; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper.—Dose, fgss, and upwards. Use. As a stomachic purgative. Tinctura Rhois Toxicodendri vel Radicantis. P. From the fresh leaves of the Poison Oak, as Tine. Aconiti cum Fol. Recent.—Dose, 5 to 10 drops. Med. Prop, and Use. See Toxicodendron. Tinctura Sabadille. (Turnbull.) Digest the seeds of ceva- dilla (freed from their capsules, and bruised) for 10 days, in as much rectified spirit as will cover them. Use. For external use only, in rheumatism, &c. Tinctura Sacra. See Vinum Aloes. Tinctura Sanguinarie. U.S. Bruised blood-root giv, diluted alcohol Oij; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. [Also by percolation.] Med. Prop. Emetic in full doses, alterative in small quantities. Tinctura Saponis. P. White soap giij, subcarbonate of pot- ash 3J, proof spirit ^xij ; dissolve. Med. Prop, and Use. An emollient and slightly stimulant embro- cation. Tinctura Saponis. P. White soap giij, subcarbonate of pot- ash 3J, proof spirit ^xij ; dissolve. Med. Prop, and Use. An emollient, slightly stimulant embrocation. Tinctura Saponis Camphorata. U. S. [Linimentum Saponis, L., E., D.] Camphorated Tincture of Soap. Castile soap, in shavings, Jiv, camphor ^ij, oil of rosemary f^ss, alcohol Oij; digest the soap with the alcohol by means of a water-bath, till it is dissolved, filter, and add the camphor and oil. Med. Prop, and Use. An anodyne and mild rubefacient embro- cation ;—in sprains, bruises, and local rheumatism. Tinctura Saponis Terebinthinata. P. Baume de vie exteme. White soap giij, oil of turpentine giij, spirit of wild thyme Ibij, water of ammonia §ij. Med. Prop. A stimulant embrocation. 252 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Tinctura Scammonii. P. Scammony giv, rectified spirit Oj; digest. Med. Prop, and Use. As Scammonium. Tinctura Scille. U. S., L., E., D. Squill £iv, diluted alco- hol Oij; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. [Also by percolation, as Tinctura Cinchonae.]—Dose, 20 to 40 drops. Med. Prop, and Use. It possesses all the diuretic and expecto- rant virtues of Squill. Tinctura Senne Composita. L., D. Elixir Salutis. Senna giijss, caraway seeds 3iiJss> cardamom seeds, bruised, 3J, rai- sins %v, proof spirit Oij ; macerate for 14 days, and strain. Med. Prop. A warm, cordial purgative. Use. In constipation with flatulence. Tinctura Senne et Jalape. U. S. [Tinctura Sennae Compo- sita, E.] Senna § iij, powdered jalap 3j, bruised caraway and coriander seeds, each, ^ss, bruised cardamoms 3ij, refined sugar §iv, diluted alcohol Oiij; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. [Also by percolation.]—This prepara- tion, as well as the preceding one, is an imitation of the old Elixir Salutis, which, however, is said to have contained guaiacum. Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding. Tinctura Serpentarie. U S., L., E., D. Bruised Virginia snake-root ^iij, diluted alcohol Oij; macerate for 14 days, ex- press, and filter through paper. [Also by percolation.] Med. Prop, and Use. As Serpentaria;—a useful addition to the infusion of cinchona. Tinctura Staphisagrie Concentrata. (Dr. Turnbull.) Digest stavesacre seeds in twice their weight of rectified spirit. For external use only, in neuralgic and rheumatic affections. Tinctura Stramonii. U. S. Bruised stramonium seeds |iv, diluted alcohol Oij; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. [Also by percolation.]—Dose, 20 to 40 drops. Med. Prop, and Use. As Stramonium, AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 253 Tinctura Succini. P Amber, in fine powder gj, rectified spirit f^xvj ; digest for 6 days, and filter. [The ethereal tinc- ture, as Tinctura Castorei iEtherea.] Tinctura Tolutani. U S. [Tine. Tolutana, E.; Tine. Bal- sami Tolutani, L., D.] Balsam of Tolu ^iij, alcohol Oij; mace- rate until the balsam is dissolved, and filter through paper. Med. Prop. As Tolutanum. Use. As an adjuvant to cough mixtures. Tinctura Valeriane. U S., L., E., D. Bruised Valerian root giv, diluted alcohol Oij; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. [Also by percolation.] Med. Prop. As Valeriana. Use. As an antispasmodic; but it cannot be used in full doses, without stimulating too much. Tinctura Valeriane JEtherea, [or Extractum Valeri- ane Fluidum.] Coarsely powdered valerian root (English) 2viij is to be uniformly packed in a percolator; add, gradually, alcohol fjxij, and sulphuric ether f^iv, previously mixed to- gether. Pour in diluted alcohol q. s. to displace the ethereal menstruum, which is to be set aside in a shallow vessel to eva- porate spontaneously. More diluted alcohol is now poured in, till f|x of the liquid have passed. When the first (ethereal) liquid has been reduced to fjvj, the two are to be mixed, and allowed to stand for a few hours, when they are to be filtered.— Dose, f3j. Med. Prop, and Use. An excellent preparation of Valerian, well adapted for cases requiring a mild antispasmodic, from the smallness of the dose. Tinctura Valeriane JEtherea. P. Valerian |iv, ether fjxvj; by percolation. Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding. Tinctura Valeriane Ammoniata. U. S., E., D. [Tine. Vale- rianae Composita, L.] Bruised valerian root giv, aromatic spirit of ammonia Oij; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter 22 254 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. through paper. [Also by percolation.]—Dose, f3J to f3ij, in hysteria, and other nervous affections. Tinctura Veratrie. (Dr. Turnbull.) Veratria 9j to 3j, rectified spirit f^ij. For external use only, in neuralgia. Tinctura Zingiberis. U. S., L., E., D. Bruised ginger 3viij, alcohol Oij ; macerate for 14 days, express, and filter through paper. [Or by percolation.] The Br. Phars. direct a much weaker tincture,—gijss of ginger to Oij (imp. meas.) of recti- fied spirit. [This is the Essence of Ginger of the shops.] Med. Prop. An excellent stimulant carminative. Use. In debility of stomach, flatulence, &c. Tolutanum. U. S. [Balsamum Tolutanum, L., E.; Toluifera Balsamum, D.] Balsam of Tolu. The juice of Myroxylon Toluiferum. Med. Prop. A stimulant tonic, and expectorant. Use. In chronic pectoral affections. Tormentilla. U. S. (Sec), L., E. [Tornientilla Officinalis, D.] Tormentil. The root of Potentilla Tormentilla. Med. Prop, and Use. As the Astringents. Toxicodendron. U S. (Sec), L. [Rhus Toxicodendron, D.] Poison Oak. The leaves of Rhus Toxicodendron. [The Rhus radicans and R. Vernix have similar properties.] Med. Prop. Acrid, excitant, and narcotic. Use. In paralysis, and chronic skin diseases; but uncertain. TRAGACANTHA. U. S., L., E. [Tragacantha Gummi, D.] Tra- gacanth. The concrete juice of Astragalus verus. Med. Prop. Demulcent. Use. Chiefly in pharmacy, for making troches. Triosteum. U S. (Sec) Fever-root. The root of Triosteum perfoliatum. Med. Prop. Cathartic, emetic, and diuretic. Triticum Hybernum, D. [Farina, L., E.] Wheat Flour. Flour of the seeds of Triticum vulgare, or T. hybernum. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 255 Med. Prop. Externally, as a cooling application to the skin in erysipelas and urticaria. In the form of toasted bread, it forms an agreeable, nutritious drink in febrile complaints. Boiled in milk, bread forms an excellent emollient poultice. Trochisci. Troches, or Lozenges, are small, dry, solid masses composed of medicinal substances, incorporated with sugar and mucilage. They are designed to be held in the mouth, and slowly dissolved, and consequently should not be composed of substances very disagreeable to the taste, or which require to be given in large doses. Tragacanth is preferred to gum Arabic, on account of its greater tenacity. The term Pastilles is some- times applied generally to these preparations. Trochisci Acacie. E. Gum Arabic Jiv, starch f j, refined sugar Ibj ; mix, and pulverize them, and make them into a pro- per mass, with rose-water, for forming lozenges. [The trans- parent gum paste or lozenges may be thus made: Dissolve Ibvj of picked gum Arabic, without heat, in Ibviij of water, and add the solution to Ibvij of simple syrup. Evaporate by a gentle heat to a very thick syrup, adding towards the end f^iv of orange-flower water. Finish, as directed, for Pasta Jujubae.] Use. As a demulcent, in coughs, and irritations of the throat. Trochisci Acidi Citrici. P. Citric acid 3iij, sugar 3xvj, essence of lemon 10 drops, mucilage of tragacanth q. s.; mix, and divide into 10-grain lozenges. Use. An agreeable mode of taking citric acid. Trochisci Acidi Lactici. Lactic acid 3ij, sugar 3j, oil of va- nilla 4 drops, mucilage of tragacanth q. s. Use. A good form for administering lactic acid. Trochisci Acidi Tartarici. E. Tartaric acid 3ij, sugar 3 viij, oil of lemons ej>x; mix them thoroughly, and with mucilage beat them up into a proper mass for making lozenges. Use. A convenient method of using tartaric acid. Trochisci Althee. P. Tablettes de Guimauve. Powdered decorticated marshmallow root gij, sugar |xiv, mucilage of 256 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. tragacanth (made with orange-flower water) q. s. Divide into 13-grain lozenges. Med. Prop. Demulcent. Use. For coughs, &c. Trochisci Chocolate et Ferri. (Bouchardat.) Fine choco- late 3xiv, iron reduced by hydrogen 3j; soften the chocolate by heat, mix it with the iron, and divide into lozenges of 15 grains each. [Levigated iron filings are sometimes substituted for reduced iron.] Med. Prop, and Use. As Chocolata Martis. Trochisci Crete. U. S., E. Prepared chalk ^iv, powdered gum Arabic 3j, powdered nutmeg 3J, powdered sugar £vj j rub together till they are intimately mixed, then with water form into a mass, to be divided into troches of 10 grains each. Med. Prop. A gentle astringent, and antacid.' Use. In diarrhoea. Trochisci Crotonis. (Soubeiran.) Croton oil ejjv, starch 9j, sugar 3J, chocolate 3ij ; divide into 30 lozenges. Med. Prop, and Use. As Croton Oil. Trochisci Ferri Citratis. (Beral.) Ammonio-citrate of iron gr. xv, sugar 3iv, sugar of vanilla and cloves gr. xv; mix, and divide into 12-grain lozenges. Use. A convenient form for the internal use of the chalybeate. Trochisci Ferri Iodidi. Syrup of iodide of iron f^iij, gum Arabic §j, sugar ^ixss; mix, and divide into 240 lozenges, each containing gr. ss. of iodide of iron. Use. As the former chalybeate. Trochisci Glycyrrhize. E. Liquorice and gum Arabic, each, §vj, sugar ibj; dissolve them in hot water, and evaporate to a paste. Use. For allaying cough. Trochisci Glycyrrhize et Opii. U. S., E. Wistar's Cough Lozenges. Powdered opium §ss, powdered liquorice, powdered sugar, and powdered gum Arabic, of each, ^x, oil of anise f3ij; AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 257 mix the powders intimately, add the oil, and with water form them into a mass, to be divided into troches weighing each 6 grains. [They are sometimes made with morphia, instead of opium.]—Each contains about Jjjth of a grain of opium. Med. Prop. Demulcent, and anodyne. Use. To allay cough. Trochisci Ipecacuanhe. U S. Powdered ipecacuanha ^ss, powdered sugar ^xiv, arrow-root §iv, mucilage of tragacanth q. s.; mix intimately, and form into troches of 10 grains.—Each one contains about \ grain of ipecacuanha. Med. Prop. Expectorant, and demulcent. Use. In catarrhal complaints. Trochisci Kermetis. P. Kermes mineral 3ij, sugar ^xvij, gum acacia ^j, orange-flower water 3j; mix, and divide into lozenges of 12 grains each. Med. Prop. Alterative. Use. In chronic pectoral complaints, and chronic skin diseases. Trochisci Magnesie. U S., E. Magnesia ^iv, sugar Ibj, powdered nutmeg 3J ; rub them thoroughly together, and with mucilage of tragacanth q. s., form them into a mass, to be divided into troches of 10 grains each. \E. directs the car- bonate of magnesia.] Med. Prop. Antacid, and laxative. Trochisci Menthe Piperite. U S. Oil of peppermint f3j, powdered sugar ibj; rub thoroughly together, and then with mucilage of tragacanth q. s., make into a paste, to be divided into 10-grain lozenges. Use. In nausea and flatulence; but chiefly for their pleasant flavour. Trochisci Morphie. E. Muriate of morphia 9j, tincture of tolu f|ss, sugar 3xxv; dissolve the muriate in a little hot water, mix it and the tincture with the sugar, beat into a mass with 22* 258 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. mucilage, and divide into lozenges of 15 grains each. [Each lozenge contains about jVth of a grain of morphia.] Use. To procure the effects of small doses of morphia, in coughs, &c. Trochisci Morphie et Ipecacuanhe. E. As the last, adding 3J of powdered ipecacuanha. Med. Prop. Expectorant, and anodyne. Trochisci Opii. E. Opium 3ij, tincture of tolu fgss, pure sugar §vj, extract of liquorice §v, gum Arabic 3 v. Reduce the opium to a fluid extract (as in making Extractum Opii), mix it intimately with the liquorice, reduced to the consistence of treacle; add the tincture, sprinkle in the powdered sugar and gum, and beat the whole into a proper mass, which is to be divided into 10-grain lozenges. [One grain of opium is con- tained in 6 or 7 lozenges.] Med. Prop. Anodyne, and demulcent. Use. To allay coughs. Trochisci Quine Sulphatis. (Soubeiran.) Sulphate of quinia gr. xxxij, sugar 3xvj, mucilage of tragacanth q. s.; divide into 15-grain lozenges. Use. As Pilulae Quiniae. Trochisci Rhei Aromatici. P. Turkey rhubarb |ij, powdered cinnamon 3J, sugar £xj, mucilage of tragacanth q. s.; divide into 480 lozenges. Use. As Pilulae Rhei. Trochisci Sode Bicarbonatis. E. Bicarbonate of soda |j, pure sugar §iij, gum Arabic £ss. Pulverize them, and, with mucilage of tragacanth, beat them into a proper mass for making lozenges. [The Pastilles de Vichy, P., contain bicarbonate of soda 3j, sugar §xix, mucilage of tragacanth q. s.; divide into troches of £j weight.] Med. Prop, and Use. Antacid;—in cardialgia and lithiasis. Trochisci Tolutani. P. Balsam of tolu Jj; dissolve in 3j of rectified spirit, add f ij of water; heat in a water-bath, and filter. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 259 Make a mucilage of the filtered liquor with 9iv of tragacanth; add sugar £xvj, and form a paste for lozenges. Med. Prop, and Use. Demulcent, and slightly expectorant. Trochisci Zingiberis. (Soubeiran.) Powdered ginger |j, sugar gvij ; form into a paste with mucilage of tragacanth, and divide into 15-grain lozenges. Med. Prop, and Use. A grateful cordial stimulant;—in debility of stomach, and flatulence. Tussilago. L., D. Coltsfoot. The flowers and leaves of Tus- silago Farfara. Med. Prop. Demulcent, and slightly expectorant. Ulmus. L. [Ulmus Campestris, D.] Elm Bark. The interior bark of Ulmus Campestris. Med. Prop. Demulcent, feebly tonic, and astringent; also diuretic. Use. In skin diseases. Ulmus. U. S. Slippery Elm Bark. The inner bark of Ulmus fulva. Med. Prop. An excellent demulcent. Use. In infusion or decoction, as a drink in dysentery, diarrhoea, and disorders of the urinary passages; externally, as a poultice or lotion, in inflammatory skin diseases; also to form tents for dilating fistulas and strictures. Unguenta. Ointments are fatty substances, softer than cerates, usually applied by inunction. They are apt to become rancid when long kept; hence they should be prepared, as a general rule, only when wanted for use. [The French pommades and onguents are placed under this head.] Unguentum Acidi Muriatici. (Dr. Corrigan.) Muriatic acid 3j, spermaceti ointment 3j; mix- For scald head,—to be applied night and morning, after the scabs are removed by a poultice. Unguentum Acidi Nitrici. D. Olive oil Ibj, prepared lard 3iv, nitric acid fjvss. Melt the oil and lard together in a glass 260 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. vessel, and when they begin to congeal, add the acid, stirring constantly with a glass rod. [This ointment is less efficient than the Unguentum Hydrargyri Nitratis.] Unguentum Acidi Phosphorici. (Soubeiran.) Phosphoric acid (sp. gr. 1-454) 3J, lard gj. Use. In frictions, over osseous tumours. Unguentum Acidi Sulphurici. D. Sulphuric acid 3J, Pre- pared lard gj; mix together. Use. In scabies. Unguentum Aconiti. (Dr. Turnbull.) Alcoholic extract of aconite 3J, lard 3ij- Used as a substitute for Unguentum Aconitinae, in neuralgia. Unguentum Aconiti Ammoniatum. (Dr. Turnbull.) Am- moniated extract of aconite 3j, lard 3iij- Use. In old rheumatic cases, and paralysis. Unguentum Aconitine. (Dr. Turnbull.) Aconitina gr. ij; triturate with 6 drops of alcohol, and add 3J of lard. [It should not be employed where there is any abrasion of the skin.] Use. In violent neuralgia. Unguentum JEruginis. E. Verdigris, in fine powder, |j, re- sinous ointment gxv.—D. Ointment of white resin Ibj, prepared verdigris gss. Med. Prop. Detergent, and stimulant. Use. In chronic skin diseases, and indolent ulcers. Unguentum Alkalinum. (Cazenave.) Subcarbonate of pot- ash 3ij, lard gij.—(Cullerier.) Subcarbonate of soda 3ij, wine of opium 3j, lard gj.—Devergie uses from 9 to 15 grs. of carbonate of soda with |j of lard in lichen; 15 to 30 grs. in lepra, psoriasis, and ichthyosis; and 30 to 60 grs. in porrigo favosa. Unguentum Alkalinum Camphoratum. (Cazenave.) Sub- carbonate of potash 9j, lard 3vij, camphor gr. iij; mix together, Use. In sycosis. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 261 Unguentum Ammonicale. P. Pommade de Gondret. Lard 3vj, suet 3iv, almond oil 3ij, strong liquor ammoniae 3xij. The suet, lard, and oil to be melted together, and the water of ammonia added, and the whole well shaken together in a close bottle. Med. Prop. Rubefacient; and vesicant, if covered with a compress. Unguentum Antimonii. U S. [Unguentum Antimoniale, E.; Unguentum Antimonii Potassio-Tartratis, L.; Unguentum Tar- tari Emetici, D.] Tartar emetic, in fine powder, 3ij (3j, D.), simple ointment gj ; mix them. Med. Prop. Rubefacient, and vesicant; it usually pustulates. Use. As a counter-irritant, chiefly in chronic pectoral affections. Unguentum Antiherpeticum. (Chevallier.) Chloride of lime 3iij, subsulphate of mercury 3ij, oil of almonds 3vj, lard gij.—(Alibert.) Red sulphuret of mercury 3Jss, camphor 3ss, cerate gij. Unguentum Aque Rose. U S. Cold Cream. Oil of almonds fgij, spermaceti gss, white wax 3J; melt together by means of a water-bath, and then add rose-water f§ij, and stir constantly until cold. Med. Prop, and Use. A delightful cooling unguent, much em- ployed as an application to chapped and abraded surfaces. Unguentum Argenti Nitratis. (Jobert.) From 4, 8, to 12 parts of nitrate .of silver, to 30 of lard;—for white swellings. —Mr. Macdonald prescribes 1 part of the nitrate with 7 J of lard, to smear bougies, in gonorrhoea.—Mr. Guthrie's Ophthal- mic Ointment consists of gr. x of nitrate of silver, ejj xv of liquid diacetate of lead (Goulard's extract), and 3J °f lard.—Vel- - peau's, of gr. j of the nitrate to 3j of lard.—Mackenzie's, of gr- v to gj. Unguentum Arsenici. (Guy's HI) Levigated arsenious acid 9ij, lard gj; mix.—(Mr. Luke.) Arsenious acid gr. ij, sper- maceti ointment §j ; mix. Use. In onychia maligna. 262 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Unguentum Arsenici cum Sulphure. (Guy's HI) Levigated arsenious acid 9ij, sulphur 3J, lard §j; mix.—(Sir A. Cooper.) White arsenic 3J, sulphur 3J, spermaceti cerate gj.—(Mr. Marshall.) Arsenic and sulphur, each, 9j, cerate gj; mix. Use. As the preceding. Unguentum Arsenici Iodidi. (Biett.) Iodide of arsenic gr. ijss, lard gj; mix. Use. In obstinate skin diseases.—It requires caution. Unguentum Arsenicale. (Mr. Carmichael.) Arseniate of iron 3ss, phosphate of iron 3ij, spermaceti cerate 3vj; mix- Use. In cancerous sores. Unguentum Atropie. (Dr. Brooks.) Atropiagr. v, lard 3iij. Med. Prop. As Unguentum Belladonnae, but much more powerful. Use. In neuralgia; also to dilate the pupil. Unguentum Barii Iodidi. (Biett.) Iodide of barium gr. iij to iv, lard g j ; mix. Med. Prop. Resolvent. Use. To indolent tumours. Unguentum Basilicum. See Ceratum Resinae. Unguentum Belladonne. (Soubeiran.) Fresh belladonna leaves 1 part, lard 2 parts; bruise the leaves, mix them with the lard, and boil them gently together till the leaves become crisp; digest, and strain with pressure.—(Pereira.) Extract of belladonna 3J—ij, lardfj; mix.—(Chaussier.) Extract of belladonna 3ij, simple cerate gj ; mix. Med. Prop. Locally anodyne. Use. In local neuralgia; to painful joints; to dilate the pupil, and also the os uteri; and to the denuded spine, in violent tetanus and delirium tremens. Unguentum Benzoini. (M. Deschamps.) Benzoin, coarsely powdered, 1 part, fresh lard 25 parts; heat for 2 or 3 hours in a water-bath, and strain. [An excellent basis for ointments, as benzoin resists rancidity, and the decomposition of metallic salts and oxides. Poplar buds have the same effect.] AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 263 Unguentum Ceruleum. Mercurial Ointment is so named. Unguentum Calamine. D. Ointment of yellow wax ibv, prepared calamine Ibj ; mix. Med. Prop, and Use. A mild stimulant application to ulcers. Unguentum Calcis Opiatum. (Guibourt.) Cucumber oint- ment |ij, slaked lime 3ij, tincture of opium 3ij ; mix. Med. Prop. Anodyne, and stimulant. Use. For hemorrhoids. Unguentum Calcis Muriatis. (Sundelin.) Chloride of calcium (muriate of lime) 3j, powdered digitalis 3ij, concentra- ted vinegar 9ij, lard gj. Use. For chronic glandular swellings. Unguentum Calomelanos. (Pereira.) Calomel 3j, lard gj. (Underwood.) Calomel 3j—ij, elder-flower ointment gj. Use. In eczema, and other skin diseases. Unguentum Calomelanos Compositum. Banyer's Ointment for milk scall. Calomel 3ij, burnt alum 3iv, carbonate of lead 3iv, Venice turpentine 3VJ, spermaceti ointment 3jss. —(Dr. A. T. Thomson.) Calomel 3j, tar ointment 3iv, sper- maceti ointment §j- Use. In lepra. Unguentum Cantharidis. U S., L., D. [Unguent. Infusi Cantharidis, E.] Powdered Spanish flies ^ij, distilled water Oss ; boil down to one-half, and strain; then mix the strained liquor with resin cerate (basilicon) 3viij, and evaporate to the proper consistence. [E. adds Venice turpentine ^ij.] Use. For maintaining the discharge from blisters. Unguentum Cantharidis. E. [Ceratum Cantharidis, L.] Cantharides, in fine powder, gj, resinous ointment ^vij; add the flies to the melted ointment, and stir briskly, as it concretes on cooling. Use. As the last. Unguentum Tincture Cantharidis. (Dupuytren.) Tinc- ture of cantharides 3j, lard 3ix. 264 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Unguentum Cere Albe. D. White wax Ibj, lard Ibiv; mix. Med. Prop, and Use. Emollient and protective. Unguentum Cere Flave. D. Purified yellow wax ibj, lard ibiv. Med. Prop, and Use. As the last. Unguentum Cetacei. L. Spermaceti Ointment. Sperma- ceti 3vj, white wax 3ij, olive oil f^iij; melt together over a slow fire, and stir constantly till cold. Med. Prop, and Use. A mild emollient; used as a dressing for blisters, &c. Unguentum Cinchone. (Biett.) Powdered red bark 3ij, almond oil 3ij, beef-marrow 3vj. Use. In porrigo decalvans. Unguentum Cocculi. E. Beat the kernels of Cocculus Indi- cus in a mortar, first alone, and then with five times their weight of lard, gradually added. Use. For the destruction of vermin. Unguentum Conii. D. Fresh hemlock leaves ibj, lard Ibj; boil the leaves in the lard until they become crisp, and strain through linen. Med. Prop. A mild anodyne application. Use. To painful joints, scrofulous enlargements, and cancerous sores. Unguentum Cosmeticum. (Quincy.) Oil of almonds |ij, spermaceti 3iij, trisnitrate of bismuth 3J> oil of rhodium 6 drops; mix together. Use. As a cosmetic for the face, but liable to discoloration. Unguentum Creasoti. U S., L., E. Creasote f3ss; add it to §j of lard, previously melted, and stir them constantly, till cold. Use. In cutaneous diseases, especially porrigo of the scalp. Unguentum Cucumis. (Guibourt.) Cucumber Ointment. Melt together 4 parts of lard and 1 of veal suet; strain, and AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 265 mix it well with 3 parts of juice of cucumber. In 24 hours pour off the juice, and add fresh juice ; repeat this process 10 times. Melt, and to each pound add 3iij of powdered starch; let it settle, pour off the ointment from the sediment, strain through a cloth, and stir till cold. Med. Prop, and Use. As Unguentum Aquae Rosae. Unguentum Cupri Subacetatis. U S., D. [Unguent. iEru- ginis, E.] Subacetate of copper, in fine powder, 3J, simple ointment, previously melted, %xv, add together and stir con- stantly till cold. Med. Prop. A mild escharotic. Use. In fungous granulations, and to the eyelids in conjunctivitis. Unguentum Cupri Ammoniati. (Swediaur.) Solution of am- monio-sulphate of copper 3J, simple cerate % j ; mix. Med. Prop. A stimulant application to indolent ulcers. Unguentum Cupri Carbonatis. (M. Devergie.) Carbonate of copper 3ij, lard^j. Use. In impetigo and eczema of the scalp. Unguentum Delphinie. (Dr. Turnbull.) Delphine gr. x— xxx, olive oil 3J ; rub together, and add 3j of lard. Med. Prop. A powerful local sedative. Use. As Unguentum Aconitinae. Unguentum Depilatorium. (Cazenave.) Subcarbonate of soda 6 parts, slaked lime 4 parts, lard 30 parts. Use. To remove superfluous hair. Unguentum Ectroticum. (Fr. HI) Mercurial ointment 12 parts, wax 5 parts, black pitch 3 parts. Use. To prevent the pitting of small-pox pustules. Unguentum Elemi. L.,D. Elemi ibj, suet ibij; melt together, and while yet hot, add common turpentine %x, olive oil f^ij ; mix together, and strain through linen. Med. Prop, and Use. As a gentle stimulant to weak ulcers, and to maintain the discharge from issues. 23 266 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Unguentum Ferri Sulphatis. (Velpeau.) Sulphate of iron 3J—ij; lard Ij. Use. In erysipelas. Unguentum Fuliginis. (M. Blaud.) Wood soot gss, lard Iij; mix. Use. In cutaneous diseases. Unguentum Fuliginis Compositum. Acetic extract of wood- soot 3iv, dried common salt $x, lard Ixiv. Use. For tinea capitis. Unguentum Fuligokali. (Deschamps.) Fuligokali 3j—ij, lard liv; mix. Use. As the preceding. Unguentum Galle. U S. [Unguentum Gallarum, D.] Pow- dered galls ^j, lard I vij; mix together. Use. For piles, and prolapsus ani. f Unguentum Galle Compositum. L. [Unguentum Gallae et Opii, E.] Galls, in fine powder, 3U, lard Iij, powdered opium 3ss; mix. Med. Prop. Astringent, and anodyne. Use. In irritable piles. Unguentum Galle cum Cupri Sulphate. Powdered galls 3j, sulphate of copper 9j, lard Ij. An Indian remedy for ring- worm of the scalp. Unguentum Hydrargyri. U. S., E., D. [Unguent. Hydr. Fortius., L.] Blue Ointment. Mercury Ibij, lard Ixxiij, suet I j; rub the mercury and suet, with a little of the lard, together until the globules disappear, then add the rest of the lard, and mix. [As the extinguishment of the mercury is a slow and tedious process, many expedients for facilitating it have been adopted, such as the addition of turpentine, sulphur, rancid lard, and old mercurial ointment; all of which, except the last, are objectionable.] Med. Prop, and Use. When applied by friction, it produces all the constitutional effects of mercury; also as a resolvent in local AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 267 glandular, and other swellings; also to the face, in small-pox, to prevent the pitting. Unguentum Hydrargyri Mitius. L. Strong mercurial oint- ment Ibj, lard ibij ; mix them. Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding, but weaker. Unguentum Hydrargyri cum Ammonie Muriate. (Dupuy- tren.) Strong mercurial ointment Iij, muriate of ammonia, in fine powder, 3J- Med. Prop, and Use. As a resolvent, in chronic glandular en- largements. Unguentum Hydrargyri cum Pice. (Barthez.) Mercurial ointment 24 parts, wax 10 parts, black pitch 6 parts; mix together. Use. To prevent the scars from small-pox. Unguentum Hydrargyri Ammoniati. U. S. [Unguent. Hydr. Ammonio-Chloridi, L. ; Unguent. Precipitati Albi, E.; Un- guent. Hydr. Submuriatis Ammoniati, D.] White Precipitate Ointment. Ammoniated mercury 3J, simple ointment I jss; mix. Use. In cutaneous affections, as psora, porrigo, and herpes. Unguentum Hydrargyri Chloridi. See Unguentum Calome- lanos. Unguentum Hydrargyri Bichloridi. (Guy's H.) Corrosive sublimate gr. iij, spermaceti ointment Ij. Use. In chronic cutaneous diseases. [The Pommade de Cerillo, P. is made with 3J of corrosive sublimate to Ij of lard, well ground together.—Dr. Corrigan uses an ointment containing gr. v of the sublimate to Ij of lard, in porrigo.] Unguentum Hydrargyri Cyanidi. (Cazenave.) Cyanide of mercury gr. viij, lard Ij. Use. In chronic skin diseases. Unguentum Hydrargyri Iodidi. L. Iodide of mercury Ij, white wax Iij, lard Ivj; melt the wax and lard together, and 268 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. add the iodide in fine powder. [It may be diluted with lard if necessary.] Use. Chiefly as a dressing to chronic scrofulous ulcers, and skin diseases. Unguentum Hydrargyri Biniodidi. L. As the last, substi- tuting the red iodide of mercury. Use. As the last, but stronger. Unguentum Hydrargyri Nitratis. U S., L., D. [Unguent. Citrinum, E.] Citrine Ointment. Dissolve Ij of mercury in flxj of nitric acid; melt together lard I iij, and fresh neat's-foot oil flix, and when they begin to stiffen on cooling, add the mer- curial solution, and mix. Med. Prop. A stimulant and alterative application. Use. In porrigo, tinea capitis, psoriasis, &c.; also in psorophthal- mia. Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Rubri. U S. [Unguentum Hydr. Nitrico-Oxydi, L. ; Unguent. Oxidi Hydrargyri, E. ; Un- guent. Hydr. Oxydi Nitrici, D.] Red Precipitate Ointment. Add red oxide of mercury, in very fine powder, Ij to I viij of simple ointment, previously softened over a gentle fire, and mix them. Use. In psorophthalmia and indolent ulcers.—It may require dilution. Unguentum Hydrargyri Subsulphatis. (Alibert.) Tur- peth mineral 3ij, lard liv.—(Biett.) Turpeth mineral 3j, sul- phur 3ij, lard I iij, oil of lemon 15 drops. Use. In skin diseases. Unguentum Hydrargyri Sulphureti Rubri. (Alibert.) Red sulphuret of mercury Ij, lard I xvj. Use. As the preceding. Unguentum Iodini. U S. [Unguent. Iodinii, D.] Iodine gr. xx, to be rubbed up with alcohol ttjj xx, then with lard I j, till thoroughly mixed. . Med. Prop. Stimulant, and resolvent. Use. In chronic scrofulous, and other tumours. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 269 Unguentum Iodini Compositum. U S. [Unguent. Iodinii Com- positum, L.; Unguent. Iodinei, E.] Iodine 3ss, iodide of potas- sium 3j ; rub them up together with alcohol f3j, and then with lard flij, until they are thoroughly mixed. Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding. Unguentum Ipecacuanhe. (Dr. Turnbull.) Powdered ipecac. 3ij, olive oil 3ij, lard Iss; mix together. [Rubbed on the skin for a few minutes, once or twice a day, it produces an eruption.] Use. Applied to the chest, as a counter-irritant in chronic pec- toral complaints. Unguentum Mezerei. U S. Mezereon bark, dried, liv, mois- ten with a little alcohol, and beat in an iron mortar, until reduced to a fibrous mass; then digest it with lard Ixiv, in a salt water-bath for 12 hours, strain with strong expression, and allow the liquid to cool slowly. Separate the medicated lard from the dregs, and melt it with white wax Iij, and stir them constantly till cold.—M. Guibourt proposes to mix 3ij of alco- holic extract of mezereon with lix of lard, and Ij of wax. Use. To keep up a discharge from blistered surfaces. Unguentum Ophthalmicum. Eye Ointment. The following are selected from the many bearing this name :— Ackerman's. Red precipitate 9j, camphor gr. vj, fresh but- ter 3ij. Dessault's. Red oxide of mercury 3J, tutty 3J, acetate of lead 3J, burnt alum 3j, corrosive sublimate gr. x, rose ointment Ij; grind for a long time on porphyry. Dupuytren's. Red oxide of mercury gr. x, sulphate of zinc 9j, lard Iij. Fricke's. Nitrate of silver gr. x, balsam of Peru 3ss, zinc oint- ment 3ij- Hufeland's. Black oxide of mercury gr. ij, oil of walnut 3ij. Lohsses'. Iodine gr. jss, iodide of potassium 9j, lard Iss. In opacity of the cornea. 23* 270 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Rust's. Liquid diacetate of lead 3ss, wine of opium 3ss, washed fresh butter 3ij- Scarpa's. Tutty 3J, aloes gr. ij, calomel gr. ij, butter 3nJss- Unguentum Phytolacce. (Dr. Wood.) Powdered leaves, or root, of Phytolacca decandra (common poke) 3J, lard Ij. Use. In psora, tinea capitis, &c. Unguentum Picis Liquide. U. S., L., E., D. Tar Ointment. Tar and suet, of each, Ibj; add the tar to the suet, previously melted with a moderate heat, and stir constantly till cold. Med. Prop. Stimulant. Use. In porrigo of the scalp;—it should be kept constantly applied. Unguentum Picis Nigre. L. Black Basilicon. Black pitch lix, wax lix, resin lix, olive oil flxvj; melt together, and strain. Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding. Unguentum Picis Compositum. (Guy's H.) Equal parts of tar ointment and sulphur ointment. Use. As the preceding. Unguentum Piperis Nigri. D. Powdered black pepper liv, prepared lard ibj. Use. As the last;—not much employed. Unguentum Plumbi Acetatis. E., D. [Ceratum Plumbi Ace- tatis, L.] Finely powdered sugar of lead Ij, simple ointment Ixx; mix. Med. Prop. Sedative, and cooling. Use. To burns, and excoriated and inflamed surfaces. Unguentum Plumbi Carbonatis. U. S., E., D. Finely pow- dered carbonate of lead Iij, simple ointment ibj ; mix together. Use. Same as the preceding. Unguentum Plumbi Compositum. L. Kirkland's Neutral Ointment. Melt ibiij of lead-plaster with Oj of olive oil; mix I viij of prepared chalk with flvj of distilled vinegar; add AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 271 the warm solution to the plaster and oil, also warm, and stir till cold. Use. For indolent ulcers. Unguentum Plumbi Chloridi. (Mr. Tuson.) Chloride of lead 3J, simple cerate Ij. Use. In cancerous ulcerations, and painful neuralgic tumours. Unguentum Plumbi Iodidi. L. Iodide of lead Ij, lard I viij; rub, and mix them. Med. Prop, and Use. As a discutient, in chronic and glandular swellings. Unguentum Populeum. (M. Deschamps.) Buds of poplar 2 parts, water 1 part, fresh lard 12 parts. Boil in a tin vessel till the moisture is evaporated, strain through linen, and stir now and then, whilst cooling. [See Unguent. Benzoini.] Unguentum Potassii Cyanidi. (Cazenave.) Cyanide of potas- sium gr. xij, oil of almonds 3ij, c°ld cream Iij. Use. To the sound skin, for neuralgia. Unguentum Potasse Hydriodatis. D. Iodide of potassium 9j, lard Ij. [It may very properly be made with 3j to the Ij.] Med. Prop, and Use. As Unguent. Iodini, but weaker. Unguentum Potassii Sulphureti. (Alibert.) Sulphuret of potassium 3 iij, carbonate of soda I iij, lard I iij. Use. For ringworm. Unguentum Quine Fortius. Sulphate of quinine 3j, lard 3ij. Used by friction, in intermittents. Unguentum Resine Albe. D. Lard Ibiv, white rosin Ibij, yellow wax ibj ; melt together, and strain. Med. Prop, and Use. Very similar to Ceratum Resinae. Unguentum Resinosum. E. Resin Iv, lard I viij, wax Iij; melt together. Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding. Unguentum Rosatum. P. Pommade Rosat. Washed lard Ibij, petals of the hundred-leaved rose ibiv, bruise half the flowers, mix with the lard; in 2 days melt, strain, and express. 272 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Add the rest of the flowers, and in 24 hours melt, strain, and express; colour with alkanet-root. (See Unguent. Aquae Rosae.) Unguentum Sabine. D. Fresh savine Ibss, lard Ibij; boil till the leaves are crisp; strain, and add yellow wax ibss. Use. For maintaining issues. Unguentum Sambuci. L. Elder flowers and lard, of each, Ibij, boil together, and express through linen. Unguentum Sambuci Vinde. D. Fresh elder leaves bruised ibiij, lard Ibiv, suet Ibij. Boil the leaves in the lard till they become crisp, then strain with expression; lastly, add the suet, and melt them together. Med. Prop, and Use. A cooling demulcent application. Unguentum Scrophularie. D. Fresh leaves of Scophularia nodosa (knotty figwort) Ibij, lard Ibij, suet Ibj; boil together till the leaves become crisp, and strain with expression. [A specific in pemphigus gangrenosus.—Dr. W. Stokes.] Unguentum Simplex. U. S., E. [Unguent. Cerae Flavae, D.] White wax Ibj, lard Ibiv; melt them together with a moderate heat, and stir constantly till cold. Med. Prop. Emollient. Use. As a mild dressing to blistered surfaces and ulcers; also to form the basis of other ointments. Unguentum Staphisagrie. (Swediaur.) Powdered stave- sacre Ij, lard I iij; digest for 3 hours, and strain. Use. As Unguent. Veratriae. Unguentum Stramonii. U S. Fresh stramonium leaves, cut into pieces, ibj, lard Ibiij, yellow wax Ibss. Boil the leaves in the lard until they become friable, then strain through linen; lastly, add the wax previously melted, and stir them until they are cold. Use. In hemorrhoids, irritable ulcers, and irritable cutaneous diseases. AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 273 Unguentum Sulphuris. U. S., L., E., D. Sulphur Ibj, lard ibij ; mix them. Use. A specific in scabies. Unguentum Sulphuris Compositum. U S., L. Sulphur Ij, ammoniated mercury, benzoic acid, each, 3J, oil of bergamot, sulphuric acid, each f3j, nitrate of potassa 3ij, lard ibss. Melt the lard, and add the other ingredients, and stir constantly till cold.—L. directs sulphur ibss, powdered white hellebore Iij, nitrate of potassa 3j, soft soap ibss, lard ibjss, oil of bergamot ■njjxxx; mix them. Use. As the preceding, but more irritating. Unguentum Sulphuris Alkalinum. (Bateman.) Subcarbo- nate of potash 3iv, rose-water Ij, vermilion 3J, oil of bergamot 3ss, sulphur Ixj, lard Ixj; mix them. Use. In skin diseases. Unguentum Sulphuris cum Carbone. (Richard.) Charcoal and sulphur, each, Ij, lard I v. Unguentum Sulphuris cum Zinci. Jasser's Ointment for tinea capitis. Sulphur Iij, sulphate of zinc Ij, bay ointment Ij, lard Iv. Unguentum Sulphuris Iodidi. (Cazenave.) One part of iodide of sulphur to 30 of lard.—(Pereira.) Gr. x—xxx of the iodide, to Ij of lard. Use. In obstinate skin diseases. Unguentum Tabaci. U. S. Fresh tobacco, cut in pieces, Ij, lard ibj; boil together over a gentle fire, till the leaves become friable; then strain through linen. Use. In irritable ulcers, and tinea capitis.—It should be used with caution. Unguentum Olei Tabaci. Empyreumatic oil of tobacco 20 drops, simple ointment Ij. Use. As the preceding. Unguentum Tannini. (Richard.) Tannin 3ij, water 3ij, lard Ijss; mix.)—Cazenave.) Tannin 3J, lard 3xxx.—Astringent. Unguentum Tartari Emetici. See Unguent. Antimonii. 274 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Unguentum Tutie. D. Unguentum Zinci Oxidi Impuri. Prepared tutty Iij, white wax ointment Ix; mix. Use. As Unguent. Zinci Oxidi. Unguentum Veratri Albi. U. S. [Unguent. Veratri, L., D.] White hellebore-root, powdered, Iij, oil of lemons ejjxx, lard I viij; mix them. Use. In scabies, as sulphur ointment. Unguentum Veratrie. (Dr. Turnbull.) Veratria gr. x— xx, lard Ij. [The veratria should first be rubbed up with a little oil.] Med. Prop. A powerful local stimulant, and also anodyne. Use. In neuralgia, amaurosis, and paralysis. Unguentum Zinci Oxidi. U S., D. [Unguent. Zinci, L.,E.] Oxide of zinc Ij, lard Ivj ; mix them. Med. Prop, and Use. A mild astringent application in chronic ophthalmia, and skin diseases. Unguentum Zinci Iodidi. (Dr. Ure.) Iodide of zinc 3j, lard Ij- Med. Prop, and Use. A resolvent application to chronic swellings. Unguentum Zinci Sulphatis. (Scarpa.) Sulphate of zinc 3J, lard Ij.—(Klein.) Sulphate of zinc 9j, fresh butter 3ij- Use. To eruptions of the skin. Uva Passa. U S. [Uva, L. ; Uvae Passae, E.; Vitis Vini- fera. Fructus siccatus, D.] Raisins. The dried fruit of Vitis vinifera, or common grape. Med. Prop. Laxative. Use. To impart flavour to demulcent drinks. Uva Ursi. U. S., L., E., D. The leaves of Arbutus Uva Ursi. Med. Prop. Astringent, and tonic, with a tendency to the urinary organs. Use. In lithiasis, chronic nephritis, catarrh of the bladder, &c. Urea Factitia. Artificial Urea. Mix 28 parts of well-dried ferrocyanuret of potassium with 14 of black oxide of manganese, (both in fine powder), and heat them to dull redness, on an iron AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 275 plate. Lixiviate them with cold water; add 20£ parts of dry sulphate of ammonia; concentrate, by evaporation, with a heat not exceeding 212° F.; decant the concentrated liquid; treat it with rectified spirit, and crystallize. Med. Prop. Diuretic.—Dose, gr. x to 9j. Uree Nitras. Nitric acid throws down this salt from a concen- trated solution of urea.—Dose, gr. jss, 3 times a day, in ana- sarca. Valeriana. U S., L., E. [Valeriana Officinalis, D.] Valerian. The root of Valeriana officinalis. Med. Prop. Gently excitant, and antispasmodic. Use. In hysteria, morbid restlessness, hypochondriasis, and in hemicrania, especially in combination with cinchona. Vegetabilium Preparatio. Vegetables should be collected in dry weather. They should not be kept longer than a year. To dry them, spread them out lightly shortly after they are gathered, and dry them with a gentle heat, between 100° and 212° F. Preserve them in convenient vessels from the air and light. Most roots should be dug up before the leaves and stalks shoot forth : annual roots, just before the time of flowering; biennial, after the vegetation of the first year has ceased; perennial, in the spring, before vegetation has commenced. To preserve roots fresh, put them in dry sand. Fleshy roots may be sliced, and, after drying in the air, exposed to a heat of 100°. The sliced bulbs should be dried at the same temperature. Barks should be collected at the season when they are most readily separated from the wood. This, with few exceptions, is late in the spring, or early in the summer. (Brande.) Leaves are to be collected after the flowers are fairly blown, and before the seeds ripen. Seeds should be gathered when fully ripe. Flowers should be collected when recently blown. Pulps.—See Pulpae, 276 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Veratria. L. Boil ibij of bruised sabadilla in three successive gallons of rectified spirit, in a retort with a receiver fitted to it. Press the sabadilla, distil off the spirit from the mixed and filtered liquors, and evaporate the residue to the consistence of an extract. Boil this 3 times, or oftener, in water acidulated with a little dilute sulphuric acid, and evaporate the clear liquor to the consistence of syrup. To this, when cold, add magnesia to saturation; stir it, press, and wash it 2 or 3 times; then dry it, and digest it several times in spirit, filtering the solutions. Distil off the spirit, boil the remainder in water, to which a little sulphuric acid and animal charcoal are added, and strain. Lastly, the charcoal being well washed, evaporate the liquors to the consistence of syrup, and add aqua ammoniae q. s. to pre- cipitate the veratria; then wash and dry it. [The different salts of veratria are obtained as the corresponding salts of mor- phia.] Med. Prop. A powerful irritant, both externally and internally; diuretic. Use. Chiefly externally, in the form of alcoholic solution, or oint- ment, in neuralgia and paralysis. Veratrum Album. U. S., D. [Veratrum, L., E.] White Hellebore. The rhizoma of Veratrum album. Med. Prop. A violent emeto-cathartic. Use. Formerly in mania, epilepsy, dropsy, and other obstinate disorders; occasionally in gout; also as an errhine. Veratrum Viride. U. S. American Hellebore. The rhizoma of Veratrum viride. Med. Prop, and Use. Very similar to the preceding;—it has been employed as a substitute for colchicum, in gout, and neu- ralgia. Verbascum THAPSUS. D. Mullein Leaves. Med. Prop. Demulcent, and emollient; reputed anodyne. Vinum. U S. [Vinum Xericum, L.; Vinum Album, E.; Vinum Album Hispanum, D.] Sherry Wine. [Good Madeira AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 277 and Teneriffe wines, may also be substituted.]—For the relative strength of the different wines, see Appendix. Med. Prop, and Use. As a cordial stimulant, in low forms of disease, and sometimes in convalescence. Vina Medicata. Medicated Wines are prepared in the same general manner as Tinctures. From their liability to undergo decomposition, they should be prepared in small quantities at a time, without heat, and be kept in well-closed vessels, in a cool place. Vinum Aloes. U &, L., E., D. Powdered aloes Ij, carda- mom seeds bruised, ginger bruised, each, 3j, sherry wine Oj; macerate for 14 days, with occasional agitation, and filter through paper. Med. Prop. A warm, stomachic purgative. Use. In chlorosis, amenorrhoea, dyspepsia, gout, &c. Vinum Antimonii. U S. [Vinum Antimonii Potassio-Tartratis, L.; Vinum Antimoniale, E.; Liquor Tartari Emetici, Dl] Antimonial Wine. Tartar emetic 9j, sherry wine fix; dis- solve. Med. Prop. As Tartar Emetic. Use. A very convenient mode of administering tartar emetic in small doses, especially to children. Vinum Aromaticum. P. Aromatic species I iv, vulnerary spirit Iij, red wine Ixxxij.—For outward use, M. Ricord sometimes adds 1 to 6 per cent, of tannin. Use. Chiefly as a detergent application to chancres and bubos; also as a wash for ulcers. Vinum Colchici Radicis. U. S. [Vinum Colchici, L., E.] Dried colchicum cormus, bruised, Ibj, sherry wine Oij; macerate for 14 days, with occasional agitation; then express strongly, and filter through paper. [Also by percolation.]—Dose, v%x tof3J- Med. Prop, and Use. An excellent and certain preparation of colchicum, much employed in gout, combined with magnesia and its sulphate; also with morphia. 24 278 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Vinum Colchici Seminis. U S. Colchicum seeds, bruised, liv, sherry wine Oij; macerate for 14 days, with occasional agitation; then express, and filter through paper.—Dose, f3J—ij. Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding. Vinum Colchici Opiatum. (Eisenmann.) Wine of colchicum seeds 3UJ> tincture of opium 3ss.—Dose, 20 to 30 drops, in gout. Vinum Ergote. U.S. Bruised ergot Ix, sherry wine Oj; macerate for 14 days, with occasional agitation; then express, and filter through paper.—Dose, f3j to f3iij- Use. To facilitate labour; also in uterine hemorrhage. Vinum Ferri. P. Macerate for 6 days, in a matrass, Ij of pure iron filings, with I xxxij of good white wine, stirring from time to time ; then decant, and filter.—(Soubeiran.) Proto- tartrate of iron gr. xvj, tartaric acid gr. xvj; triturate in a glass mortar, add Ojss of white wine, and filter. Med. Prop, and Use. A mild chalybeate, well borne by the stomach. Vinum Ferri Acetatis. (Soubeiran.) Acetate of iron gr. xxxij, white wine I xvj; mix. Med. Prop, and Use. As the other chalybeates. Vinum Ferri Iodidi. (Pierquin.) Iodide of iron 3iv, Bor- deaux wine Oj.—(Calloud.) Sulphate of iron gr. xij, iodide of potassium gr. xvj, white wine Ij ; mix together.—Dose, f> to f3J. Med. Prop, and Use. As Liquor Ferri Iodidi. Vinum Gentiane. E. Gentian Iss, yellow bark Ij, canella 3j (each in coarse powder), dried orange peel, sliced, 3ij, proof spirit flivss; digest for 24 hours, add flxxxvj of sherry wine, digest for 7 days, express, and filter. Med. Prop, and Use. As Tinctura Gentianae. Vinum Ipecacuanhe. U S., L., E-, D. Bruised ipecac. Iij, AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 279 sherry wine Oij; macerate for 14 days, with occasional agita- tion, then express, and filter through paper. Med. Prop, and Use. As Ipecacuanha, for which it is an excel- lent substitute where small doses are required. Vinum Opii. U. S., L., E., D. Sydenham's Laudanum. Opium, in powder, Iij, cinnamon and cloves, bruised, of each 3j, sherry wine Oj; macerate for 14 days, with occasional agitation, then express, and filter through paper. Med. Prop. Narcotic, and stomachic. Use. As laudanum, where the latter disagrees with the stomach ; also, externally to the eye, in passive inflammation. Vinum Opii Fermentatione Paratum. Rousseau's Laudanum. Black drop>. Choice opium liv, honey I xij, hot water ibv, yeast 3ij- Dissolve the opium and honey, separately, in hot water; mix, and add the yeast, keep it at about 86° F., for a month; express, filter, and distil off I xvj, and evaporate the residuum to Ix. Add to this livss of strong spirit, mix, and filter. [Four drops are considered equal to half a grain of extract of opium, or nearly one grain of crude opium.] Vinum Quine Aromaticum. (Dr. Collier.) Sulphate of quinia gr. xviij, citric acid gr. xv, sound orange wine flxxiv. Med. Prop, and Use. As Sulphate of Quinia. Vinum Rhei. U S., E. Bruised rhubarb Iij, bruised canella 3J, diluted alcohol flij, sherry wine Oj ; macerate for 14 days, with occasional agitation, then express, and filter through paper. Med. Prop. A warm, cordial laxative. Use. In debilitated states of the system, requiring a cathartic. Vinum Scille. P. Dried squill Ij, Malaga wine I xvj; ma- cerate for 12 days. Med. Prop, and Use. As Tinctura Scillae. Vinum Scille Compositum. (Richter.) Dried squill Ij, orange-peel 3iij, calamus 3iij, juniper berries 3ij, white wine Ibiv; digest for 3 days, filter, and add Iij of oxymel of squills. Med. Prop. A stimulant diuretic. Use. In passive dropsies. 280 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Vinum Tabaci. U. S., E. Tobacco, cut in pieces, Ij, sherry wine Oj; macerate for 14 days, with occasional agitation, then express, and filter through paper.—Dose, as a diuretic, ejjx— xxx. It is very seldom used. Vinum Veratri Albi. U. S. [Vinum Veratri, Dl] White hellebore root, bruised, liv, sherry wine Oj ; macerate for 14 days, with occasional agitation, then express, and filter through paper.—Dose, ejjx, gradually increased, 3 times a day. Med. Prop, and Use. As Vinum Colchici; but it is very sel- dom employed, on account of its uncertainty. Vinum Veratri Opiatum. Mr. Moore's substitute for Eau Medicinale. Wine of white hellebore 3iij, tincture of opium 3j; mix. Med. Prop, and Use. As Vinum Colchici. Viola. U S. (Sec) Violet. The herb of Viola pedata. Viola Odorata. Flores. D. Flowers of Sweet Violet. (Viola odorata.) Med. Prop. Both species of violet are emollient, mucilaginous, and slightly laxative. The root is emetic and cathartic. Use. Chiefly as an adjuvant. Wintera. US. (Sec) Winter's Bark. The bark of Wintera Aromatica (Drymis Winteri). Med. Prop, and Use. A stimulant, aromatic tonic, used for the same purposes as Canella. Xanthorrhiza. U. S. (Sec) Yellow-root. The root of Xan- thorrhiza apiifolia. Med. Prop. Tonic. Use. As the simple bitters. Xanthoxylum. U. S. (Sec) Prickly Ash. The bark of Xan- thoxylum fraxineum. Med. Prop. Stimulant and diaphoretic; somewhat resembling Mezereon and Guaiac. Use. In chronic rheumatism, &c. Zinci Acetas. U. S. Dissolve ibj of acetate of lead in Oiij of AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 281 distilled water, and filter; add lix of granulated zinc to this solution, and agitate them occasionally together in a stopped bottle, until the liquid yields no precipitate with iodide of potas- sium. Filter, evaporate to one-fifth, and set it aside to crystal- lize. If coloured, re-dissolve it in distilled water, heat the solu- tion and drop it, while hot, into a filtered solution of chloride of lime, until it ceases to let fall sesquioxide of iron; then fil- ter, acidulate with a few drops of acetic acid, evaporate, and crystallize. [It was formerly prepared by double decomposi- tion, between acetate of lead and sulphate of zinc] Med. Prop. Astringent, similar to the sulphate. Use. Only externally, as a collyrium, and as an injection in gonorrhoea, &c. Zinci Carbonas. U S. [Calamina, L.; Zinci Carbonas Impu- rum, D.] Native Calamine. Zinci Carbonas Preparatus. U S. [Calamina Praeparata, L.; Zinci Carbonas Impurum Praeparatum, D.] Heat cala- mine to redness, and pulverize; then reduce it to very fine powder, by levigation and elutriation. Med. Prop, and Use. A mild astringent and exsiccant;—in exco- riations, and superficial ulcerations. Zinci Chloridum. U S., P. Zinc, in small pieces, Iijss, put it in a glass or porcelain vessel, and add, gradually, muriatic acid q. s. to dissolve it; strain, and add nitric acid 3J, and evapo- rate to dryness.—Dissolve the dry mass in water, add prepared chalk 3j, let it stand for 24 hours, filter, and again evaporate to dryness. [M. Righini prepares it by decomposing the sul- phate of zinc by chloride of barium.] Med. Prop. Alterative, and antispasmodic; externally, escharotic. Use. In scrofula, epilepsy, chorea, and facial neuralgia; but chiefly externally, in scirrhous and cutaneous affections. Zinci Cyanidum. P. To a solution of pure sulphate of zinc, add, gradually, a solution of cyanide of potassium; collect the precipitate, and carefully wash and dry it.—Dose, gr. £. Med. Prop, and Use. As a substitute for hydrocyanic acid. 24* 282 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Zinci Ferrocyanidum. As the former, substituting solution of ferrocyanuret of potassium for cyanide of potassium.—Dose, gr. i—iv. Med. Prop, and Use. As the preceding. Zinci Iodidum. Digest iodine with half its weight of finely divided zinc, in a little water, and agitate frequently till the solution is colourless. Evaporate with a gentle heat. Med. Prop. Tonic, astringent, and resolvent. Use. Chiefly as an external application to enlarged tonsils. Zinci Lactas. (Woehler.) To ibij of sour milk, add Ij of sugar of milk in fine powder, and Ij of clean zinc filings. Digest with a gentle heat for several days, adding more sugar of milk as it dissolves; heat to boiling, filter whilst hot, and cool gradually in a close vessel. If not sufficiently pure, it may be re-crystallized. [Also made by decomposing sulphate of zinc by lactate of lead.] Zinci Oxidum. U. S., E. [Zinci Oxidum, L., D.] Dissolve ibj of sulphate of zinc in Oxij of distilled water; dissolve Ivjss carbonate of ammonia in Oxij of distilled water; strain and mix the solutions, wash the precipitate frequently in water, and expose it to a strong heat, so as to drive off the carbonic acid. Med. Prop. Tonic, and antispasmodic. Use. As the Sulphate. Zinci Sulphas. U. S., L., E., D. White Vitriol. To liv of zinc, in fragments, and Oiv of water, placed in a glass vessel, add, by degrees, lyj of sulphuric acid; filter through paper, then boil down till a pellicle begins to form, and set it aside to crystallize. Med. Prop. Tonic, and astringent; in large doses emetic. Use. In chorea, epilepsy, hysteria, pertussis, and obstinate inter- mittents; externally, in inflammations of all the mucous mem- branes ; also as a prompt emetic, in cases of poisoning. Zinci Valerianas. Saturate valerianic acid with freshly preci- AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. 283 pitated carbonate of zinc, and crystallize by slow evaporation.— Dose, gr. ss, to gr. ij. Med. Prop. Antispasmodic. Lse. In neuralgia, and other nervous derangements. Zingiber. U. S., L., E. D. Ginger. The rhizoma of Zingiber officinale. Med. Prop. A grateful stimulant, and carminative. Use. In dyspepsia, flatulent colic, and atonic gout; much employed as an adjuvant; externally, as a rubefacient. APPENDIX. i. DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. As the medical attendant is frequently called upon to give directions and rules for preparing the diet for the sick and conva- lescent, it is obviously a matter of no little importance, that he should be acquainted with these preparations. It is true that they most appropriately belong to the province of the nurse, but as the physician will find more or less ignorance upon the subject almost universally prevalent, a proper knowledge of the modes of pre- paring these articles will secure to him, frequently, a greater con- fidence on the part of the patient and his friends. It was remarked by the late Dr. Rush, in his lectures, that a physician should spend six months in a kitchen before entering upon his practical career;—an observation which will serve to show the estimate in which this matter, however apparently trifling it may appear to some, was held by that distinguished practitioner. The rules to be observed in giving nourishment to the sick, will generally present themselves; but there is one in particular, which should not be overlooked. In all low diseases, the attendant should be directed never to give too much at once, but frequently to repeat a small portion. The lapse of a very short time without 286 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. food will frequently, in cases of great prostration, reduce the pa- tient very low, and may even endanger his life. The following are selected from the many dietetic preparations as those which are the most useful and the most frequently used: biscuit jelly. Take of white biscuit 4 ounces, water 4 pints; boil down one half, strain, evaporate to 1 pint, add white sugar 1 pound, red wine 4 ounces, cinnamon water 1 drachm.—To be used in debility of the digestive organs. BREAD JELLY. Boil a quart of water, and suffer it to cool. Take one-third of a sixpenny loaf of bread, slice it, pare off the crust, and toast to a light brown. Then put it into the water, place it on hot coals in a covered pan, and boil it gently, till you find, by putting some in a spoon to cool, that the liquid has become a jelly. Strain through a cloth, and set it away for use. When it is to be taken, warm a teacupful, sweeten it with sugar, and add a little grated lemon-peel. ISINGLASS JELLY. Take of isinglass 2 ounces, water 2 pints; boil it to one, strain, and add milk 1 pint, white sugar-candy 1 ounce.—Nutritive; in convalescence. HARTSHORN JELLY. Take of hartshorn shavings 1 ounce, water 4 pints; strain; appendix. 287 warm again with orange-juice 1 ounce, white sugar 6 ounces, sherry wine 5 ounces.—As the last. ALMOND JELLY. Take of sweet almonds, blanched, 1 ounce, white sugar 6 drachms, water 4 ounces. Rub into an emulsion, strain, and add melted hartshorn jelly 8 ounces, orange-flower water 1 drachm, essence of lemon 3 drops. A pleasant and nutritious article of diet. RICE JELLY. Mix a quarter of a pound of rice, picked and washed, with half a pound of loaf-sugar, and just sufficient water to cover it. Boil till it becomes a glutinous mass, then strain, and season with what- ever may be thought proper. SAGO JELLY. Soak sago in water for an hour, pour it off, adding more, boil till the sago is transparent, then add wine and sugar. TAPIOCA JELLY. Take of tapioca 2 tablespoonfuls, water 1 pint; boil gently for an hour, or until it assumes a jelly-like appearance. Add sugar, wine, and nutmeg, with lemon-juice, to suit the taste and nature of the case. [This is improved by washing the tapioca well, and allowing it to steep for five or six hours, changing the water three times; then proceed as before.] 288 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. CHICKEN JELLY. Cut a chicken into small pieces, bruise the bones, and put the whole in a stone jar with a cover that will make it water-tight. Set the jar in a large kettle of boiling water, and keep it boiling for three hours. Then strain off the liquid, and season it slightly with salt, pepper and mace, or with loaf-sugar and lemon-juice, according to the condition of the patient for whom it is intended. CALF'S FEET JELLY. Take two calves' feet, and add to them 1 gallon of water, which reduce by boiling to 1 quart. Strain it, and when cold, skim the fat entirely off. Add to this the white of six or eight eggs well beaten, a pint of wine, half a pound of loaf-sugar, and the juice of 4 lemons, and let them be well mixed. Boil the whole for a few minutes, stirring constantly, and then pass it through a flannel strainer. This forms a very nutritious article of diet for the sick and con- valescent. It is superior to the isinglass-jelly. The wine may be omitted or added at option. JELLY OF CARRAGEEN OR IRISH MOSS. Take of carrageen half an ounce, fresh milk a pint and a half. Boil them down to a pint; remove any sediment by filtering or otherwise, and then add the requisite quantity of sugar, with lemon-juice, or peach-water, to give it an agreeable flavour.—To be used freely. The moss, before being used, should be well washed in cold water, to remove its saline taste. APPENDIX. 289 DECOCTION OF BARLEY; OR, BARLEY-WATER. Take of pearl barley 2 ounces, boiling water 2 quarts. Before adding the boiling water, let the barley be well washed. Then boil it to one-half, and strain the liquor. A little lemon-juice and sugar may be added if desirable.—To be taken ad libitum, in inflammatory diseases. RICE-WATER. Take of rice 2 ounces; let it be well washed, and add to it water 2 quarts. Boil it for an hour and a half, and then add sugar and nutmeg as much as may be required.—To be taken ad libitum. Rice, when boiled for a considerable time, assumes a gelatinous form, and, mixed with milk, is a very excellent diet for children. It possesses, in some measure, a constipating property, which may be increased by boiling the milk. DECOCTION OF BRAN. Take of wheat bran, recent, 1 pint, water 3 quarts. Boil down one-third, strain off the liquor, and add sugar, honey, or molasses, according to the taste of the patient. Bran Tea may be made by using boiling water, and suffering the mixture to stand in a covered vessel for three or four hours. SAGE TEA. Take the dried leaves of sage half an ounce, boiling water 1 quart. Infuse for half an hour, and then strain. Sugar and lemon- juice may be added in the proportion required by the patient.—In the same manner may be made balm and other teas. 25 290 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. These infusions form very agreeable and useful drinks in fever, and their diaphr-^+io powers may be increased by the addition of sweet spirits of or antimonial wine. INFUSION OF MALT. 'ft A. Take of ground malv.lv'pint, water, not quite brought to the boiling point, 3 pints. Infuse for two hours, and strain off the liquor, to which may be added sugar or lemon-juice, if required. This was a favourite preparation with the late Dr. Parrish, in inflammatory fevers. LEMONADE. Take of fresh lemon-juice 4 ounces, fresh and very thin peel of lemon half an ounce, white sugar 4 ounces, boiling water 3 pints. Let them stand until cool, then strain off for use. When em- ployed in fevers, a little nitrate of potash, or sweet spirits of nitre, may be added. It can be further diluted to the taste of the patient. This preparation, when freely taken, sometimes produces pain in the bowels. It must, therefore, be used with some reserve as a daily drink. WATER GRUEL. Take of oatmeal 2 ounces, water 1 quart. Boil for ten or fifteen minutes, and strain, adding sugar and salt, to make it agreeable. RICE GRUEL. Take of ground rice 1 ounce, cinnamon 1 drachm, water 1 quart. APPENDIX. 291 Boil for forty minutes, adding the aromatic near the conclusion. Strain and sweeten. Wine may be added if necessary. INDIAN GRUEL. Put three large tablespoonfuls of Indian meal, sifted, into a quart of water, in a large bowl; wash with several watersJaturning off the water as the meal settles; then boil for twenty minutes, stirring all the while; add a little salt, then strain and sweeten, adding a little butter, wine, and nutmeg, if the case require. It should be taken warm.— Oatmeal Gruel may be prepared in the same way; but if made of coarse grits, it should be strained after boiling, and then seasoned. PANADA. Boil some slices of soft bread in a quart of water for five minutes. Then beat the bread smooth in a deep dish, mixing with it a little of the water in which it had been boiled; mix with it a bit of fresh butter, sugar, and nutmeg, according to circumstances. —Or, it may be made by grating some bread, or grating or pounding a few crackers; pour on boiling water; beat it well, and add sugar and nutmeg, or cinnamon. MILK FOR INFANTS. Take of cows' milk one part, water two parts, loaf sugar as much as may be agreeable. It is necessary, when children are to be raised by the hand, to dilute the milk. These proportions may be altered as the child advances in age. The object is to make a diet as near the qualities of the maternal milk as possible. [Some use a mixture of cream and barley-water.] 292 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. ARROW-ROOT. Take of arrow-root a tablespoonful, sweet milk half a pint, boil- ing water half a pint. Boil them a few moments over the fire. Sweetened with loaf-sugar, it is one of the best aliments for children, especially when the bowels are irritable. The farinaceous substance called Canna is prepared by simply boiling in milk, and adding sugar. FARINA. This substance, lately introduced as an article of diet, consists of the fecula of wheat in combination with a considerable quan- tity of gluten. It is prepared for use by stirring a tablespoonful, or more, into a pint of boiling milk or water, and then boiling for a quarter or half hour. It forms a mixture like arrow-root; and it can be prepared as a jelly by using a larger quantity of the farina. It may be flavoured to suit the taste. BOILED FLOUR. Take of fine flour one pound; tie it up in a linen cloth as tight as possible, and, after frequently dipping it in cold water, dredge the outside with flour, till a crust is formed around it, which will prevent the water from soaking into it while boiling. It is then boiled until it becomes a hard, dry mass. Two or three spoonsful of this may be grated, and prepared in the same manner as arrow-root, for which it forms an excellent substitute. It is used in the bowel affections of children. VEGETABLE SOUP. Take one potato, one turnip, one onion, with a little celery, or APPENDIX. 293 celery seed. Slice, and boil in one quart of water for an hour; add as much salt as is agreeable, and pour the whole upon a piece of dry toast. To be used when animal food would be improper. MUTTON BROTH. To one pound of lean mutton, allow one quart of water; season with a little salt and some parsley, and put in some large pieces of the crust of bread; boil slowly for two or three hours, skimming carefully.—Beef, veal, or chicken broth may be made in the same manner. Vegetables, barley, rice, &c, can be added, if expedient. Mutton broth may be made more speedily by taking three chops; beat the meat on both sides, and slice thin; put it into a sauce- pan with a pint of water, a little salt and some crusts of bread, or some parsley, and a small onion, sliced thin. Cover the sauce- pan, and boil fast; skim, and in half an hour it will be ready for use. CHICKEN WATER. Take half a chicken divested of all fat, and break the bones; add to this half a gallon of water, and boil for half an hour. Sea- son with salt. This water is directed by some physicians in the early stages of cholera. Taken warm, it promotes vomiting, and washes out the stomach. BEEF TEA. Take of lean beef, cut into shreds, one pound, water one quart; boil it for twenty minutes, taking off the scum as it rises. After it grows cold, strain the liquor. This preparation is more nourishing than ordinary broths, and very palatable. 25* 294 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. ESSENCE OF BEEF. Take of lean beef, sliced; put a sufficient quantity into a porter bottle to fill its body, cork it loosely, and place it in a pot of cold water, attaching the neck by means of a string to the handle of the vessel. Boil this for an hour and a half or two hours, then decant the liquor, and skim it. To this preparation may be added spices, salt, wine, brandy, &c, according to the taste of the patient and nature of the disease. It contains a large amount of nourishment in a small bulk, and is consequently very useful in very low forms of disease. SUET PTISAN. Take of sheep's suet 2 ounces, milk 1 pint, starch half an ounce; boil slowly for half an hour. This may be used as a common drink in dysentery. WINE WHEY. Boil a pint of milk, and, when boiling, add a large wine-glass- ful of Sherry or Madeira wine; let it boil again, and then remove it from the fire, and let it stand a few minutes; then remove the curd from the whey into a bowl, and sweeten it. RENNET WHEY. Take of new milk one quart, rennet (the water in which it has been steeped) a large spoonful. Heat the milk, and then add the rennet; boil until the curd separates, and is all taken off. To many persons this forms a very agreeable nutriment. APPENDIX. 295 VINEGAR WHEY. Take of milk one pint, vinegar half an ounce; boil for a few minutes, and separate the curd. TARTAR WHEY. Take of milk one quart, cream of tartar half an ounce; boil until the curd separates. TOAST WATER. Toast some pieces of bread brown, (not burnt,) then put them into a pitcher and fill it up with boiling water. Let it stand till cold, then strain.—A pleasant drink in fevers, &c. TAMARIND WATER. Put tamarinds into a pitcher or tumbler until it is one-third full; then fill it up with cold water, cover it, and let it infuse for a quarter of an hour or more. An agreeable refrigerant drink in fevers. COCOA. Boil two ounces of good cocoa in a quart of water, and as soon as it boils, set it on coals to simmer gently for an hour or more. To be used hot. CHOCOLATE. Chocolate should be suffered to stand until cold, after having been made in the usual way. The oily parts thus collect on the surface, and should be taken off. The liquid should then be boiled again, and sugar, &c, added. 296 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. II. POISONS—THEIR ANTIDOTES AND TESTS. Cases of poisoning are so sudden and alarming, that no time can be lost in administering relief. In no position of responsibility which the physician may be called upon to occupy, can the pos- session of accurate medical (and especially chemical) knowledge, be more imperatively demanded of him, than when required to direct the treatment necessary in cases of poisoning. Certainly there is none in which his ignorance or deficiency in these re- spects, will be more disastrous, both to his patient, and himself. The following memoranda are added, as embracing, in a succinct form, all the essential facts relating to Poisons, their Antidotes, and Tests. The arrangement closely follows that of M. Orfila's Traite des Poisons. CLASSIFICATION. I. Irritating and Corroding (Mineral, Animal, and Vege- table) Poisons. II. Narcotic or Stupifying Poisons. III. Acrid Narcotic Poisons. I.—IRRITATING AND CORRODING POISONS. (the energetic mineral acids.) ARSENIC AND ITS PREPARATIONS. Object. Ejection of the poison by vomiting; its decomposi- tion ; and, at the same time, protection of the stomach from its action. APPENDIX. 297 Treatment. Abundant draughts of sweet milk, gruel, decoc- tions of starch, or oily mixtures; tickling the fauces, &c, to induce vomiting; the stomach-pump; emetics of sulphate of zinc. Hydrated sesquioxide of iron, in large doses, is the only antidote of reliance, made according to the following formula:—Dissolve sul- phate of iron liv, in water Oij, and add thereto commercial sul- phate acid 3UJSS, then boil the solution, and next add by small portions, nitric acid (density 1-380) ^ix, boiling the liquid for a minute or two after each addition, until it acquires a yellowish- brown colour, and yields a precipitate of the same hue with am- monia. Filter, and when the liquid cools, add, in full stream, stronger aqua ammonia I iijss, stirring the mixture smartly. Collect the precipitate on a calico filter, and wash it till the washings cease to precipitate with nitrate of baryta; squeeze out the water as much as possible, and dry the precipitate at a tem- perature not exceeding 180°. It is best, as an antidote, to employ it in the moist state. \Magnesia has lately been asserted to be a good antidote.] TESTS. In the solid state:—Entirely sublimed by heat. If previously mixed with charcoal (and placed in a suitable test-tube), deoxi- dated arsenic will be obtained in form of a metallic coating inside the tube, and this may be re-converted into arsenious acid, by urging it in various directions along the tube, with the aid of a (spirit-lamp) flame; the facets of the crystals thus formed (on the cooler situations) will be seen, in some places, with the unassisted eye, but more distinctly by means of a lens of low power. In solution:—Ammoniacal nitrate of silver produces a lemon- coloured (arsenite of silver) precipitate. Ammoniacal nitrate of copper throws down a fresh grass-green (arsenite of copper) pre- cipitate. Transmission of sulphuretted hydrogen produces a bright yellow (sesquisulphuret of arsenic) precipitate. Lime-water precipitates a white (arsenite of lime) powder; but this test is not one of reliance. 298 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Placed with zinc, and diluted sulphuric acid, in Marsh's appa- ratus, the arseniuretted hydrogen thence arising, when lighted, will deposit metallic arsenic on a piece of glass or porcelain, held over the flame. The precipitates referred to, if washed and dried, may be treated as directed above for arsenic in the dry or solid condition. \_Note. In testing suspected matters obtained from the stomach, these (and in cases of death, the stomach itself), must be cut or broken down, and boiled during at least three quarters of an hour: if not sufficiently fluid, add distilled water. Strain, and, with addition of a small quantity of potash, again boil during a quarter of an hour, and filter. If this liquor manifests either acid or alkaline reaction, neutralize with potash, or with acetic acid, as may be required; then acidulate it faintly with hydro- chloric acid. Solution of nitrate of silver will remove this acid, and solution of chloride of sodium will precipitate any excess of silver. The liquor may now be experimented on with the above tests.] NITRIC ACID. Obj. To render the acid inert by neutralizing it with earthy carbonates, and then to withdraw it. Treat. Mixtures composed of chalk or magnesia with sweet milk or water; linseed decoction or other mucilaginous drinks; soap dissolved in water; and enemata of the same ingredients. TESTS. By addition of copper or lead-filings, and application of heat, rich red fumes are evolved. HYDROCHLORIC (OR MURIATIC) ACID. Obj. Same as in preceding. Treat. Chalk must be avoided, in case of chloride of calcium APPENDIX. 299 being formed; but the other means directed for the foregoing acid are proper. TESTS. Characteristic acid taste. The presence of muriatic acid (in small proportion) is at all times demonstrable in the juices of the stomach, therefore, proof of its presence in excess is required in cases of poisoning. When a piece of glass, wetted with this acid, is held close to liquor ammoniae, so as to let the vapours of both meet, white (muriate of ammonia) fumes are formed. Solution of nitrate of silver produces a white (chloride of silver) candy-look- ing precipitate. NITRO-MURIATIC ACID. Obj. and Treat. As for the preceding. OXALIC ACID AND ITS SOLUBLE SALTS. Obj. To neutralize the acid, and then evacuate the stomach by immediate vomiting. Treat. Mixtures of magnesia, chalk, whiting (or plaster scraped from off the inside wall of an apartment), mixed with water (the amount of the latter being as small as convenient for swallowing); abundant drinks subsequently. No alkalies should be employed. TESTS. In solid state.—Has the characterizing sour taste of most acids; and produces the same changes as they do on vegetable blues. When placed in water, a crackling sound accompanies solution of its crystals. 300 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. In solution: Solution of chloride of lime produces a white (oxalate of lime) precipitate, which is insoluble in hydrochloric acid; but soluble in nitric acid. Solution of nitrate of silver also throws down a white precipitate, which, on being carefully dried, by aid of heat, on bibulous paper, acquires a brownish outline, and towards the end, shows some slight explosions. SULPHURIC ACID. Obj. and Treat.—Same as for Nitric Acid. TESTS. Solution of chloride of barium, or of nitrate of baryta, produces a white (sulphate of baryta) precipitate, which is insoluble by alkalies or acids. TARTARIC ACID. Obj. To neutralize the acid, and afterwards to remove it by vomiting. Treat. Alkaline carbonates in solution; chalk and water. [This acid is now all but excluded from the list of poisons.] ALKALIES.—ALKALINE EARTHS. SOLUTION OF AMMONIA. Obj. To clear out the stomach as quickly as possible, and pro- tect it from the action of the poison. Treat. Irritate the fauces with a feather, to promote vomiting, APPENDIX. 301 and, with the same view, give repeated teacupfuls of warm fluids, containing olive or almond oil, (or either of these oils undiluted,) or gum mucilage, mixed with vinegar, citric or other vegetable acids; glysters of similar ingredients are also required. Inhala- tion of the fumes of muriatic acid, or of heated vinegar, has some- times proved efficacious. TESTS. Its powerfully pungent odour, and its alkaline action on vege- table colours; infusion of red cabbage will afford full illustration ; (this effect is destroyed by subsequent boiling.) Added to sulphate of copper in solution, a blue (ammoniacal sulphate of copper) precipitate is obtained; and if more solution of ammonia be added, said precipitate is dissolved. [When in the state of being nearly dissolved, it forms one of the important tests for arsenic] LIME. Obj. See preceding. Treat. Induce vomiting by irritation of throat, &c, and ad- minister copious demulcent or oily drinks. TESTS. In substance.—Its peculiar odour, and austere styptic taste. When triturated with muriate of ammonia, fumes and odour of ammonia are evolved. Li solution.—Changes the vegetable blues to green. When exposed in an open vessel to the air, a pellicle (of carbonate of lime) forms on the surface; this will effervesce, and dissolve on addition of acid. Oxalic acid produces a white (oxalate of lime) precipi- tate. 26 302 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. POTASSA.--SODA.—AND THEIR CARBONATES.--NITRATE OF POTASH. Obj. Same as preceding. Treat. Large doses of fixed oils and mucilaginous draughts ; until the matters ejected cease to show alkaline qualities. TESTS. Potassa in the solid state.—Its appearance. Deliquesces on ex- posure to the atmosphere. In solution.—Changes the vegetable blues to green; turns the yellow of turmeric to a brown colour. Addition of chloride of platinum throws down a yellow precipitate. Soda, in substance.—In sensible and general alkaline properties resembles potash, but is less deliquescent. In solution.—No yellow precipitate from addition of chloride of platinum (which distinguishes it from potassa). Alcohol, when mixed with soda (or any of its salts), burns with a fine yellow flame, which is probably the most decided test for this alkali. Nitrate of Potash, in substance.—Dissolved in distilled water, and a small amount of sulphuric acid added, deep red fumes are disengaged whenever heat (from a spirit-lamp flame) is applied. In solution.—Chloride of platinum precipitates a yellow sub- stance, as in the case of Potassa, (vid. above.) CHLORIDE OF BARIUM, AND PREPARATIONS OF BARYTA. Obj. Speedy decomposition of the poison, and its withdrawal. Treat. Sulphate of magnesia, or of soda; the stomach-pump. TESTS. In solution.—Sulphuric acid throws down a profuse, dense, white (sulphate of baryta) precipitate. APPENDIX. 303 Solution of nitrate of silver also produces a white (chloride of silver) precipitate. Sulphuretted hydrogen produces no change of appearance,—which circumstance, being peculiar to salts of barium, is valuable as a negative test. METALLIC POISONS. ANTIMONY, TARTAR EMETIC, AND ANTIMONIAL PREPARATIONS GENERALLY. Obj. To empty the stomach completely, and to neutralize what remains. Treat. Encourage vomiting by irritation of the throat, or em- ploy the stomach-pump, if requisite; repeated warm water draughts; decoctions of galls, or of cinchona (with tincture of the latter), or green tea; together with stimulants, both internal and external. TESTS. In a solid state.—If first dried and charred, and then exposed in a test-tube to intense heat (by aid of a blowpipe), globules of metallic antimony appear at the bottom. In solution.—Transmission of sulphuretted hydrogen produces a reddish or orange (hydrated sesquisulphuret of antimony) pre- cipitate. Should matters from the stomach be present, the solution must be well agitated, along with a small portion of muriatic and tartaric acid, then filtered, previous to being experimented on. BISMUTH--THE TRISNITRATE. Obj. Complete ejection of the poison. Treat. Induce vomiting by tickling the fauces, &c, and give continuous full draughts of sweet milk. 304 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY TESTS. In substance.—Dissolve in nitric acid, without change of colour, and without effervescing (which distinguishes it from a carbonate). Sulphuric acid produces no precipitate (disproving the possible idea of its being a preparation of lead). Dissolve it in nitric acid, and add solution of potash so long as any precipitate is thrown down; gather this in a filter, and after washing and drying it, place it on charcoal (and treat it as directed for preparations of lead), when its reduction to the metallic condition will be effected. COPPER—ITS SALTS, AND PREPARATIONS GENERALLY. Obj. To decompose the poison, and remove it from the stomach. Treat. Copious draughts of warm liquids containing albumen of eggs; continue to give eggs in the raw state for some time after the vomiting ceases. If metallic copper has been swallowed, give magnesia, or its carbonate, to prevent oxidisement. TESTS. The Sidphate, in a solid state.—Bright blue colour, astringent metallic impression on the tongue. In solution.—Transmission of sulphuretted hydrogen affords a brownish-black (sulphuret of copper) precipitate. Solution of am- monia precipitates a pure blue substance, which on further addition of ammonia becomes dissolved; but when only a small amount of the poison is present, no precipitation occurs, a clear violet-coloured solution being then at once presented. Ferrocyanide of potassium throws down a reddish-brown (ferrocyanide of copper) precipitate. A piece of polished zinc or iron (as the blade of a penknife) ac- quires a plating of copper, if placed in a liquid containing the above salt. The tests for sulphuric acid will indicate its presence here as the combining acid. (See Sulphuric Acid.) APPENDIX. 305 The Acetate.—Same tests as preceding, excepting the two last. The Ammonio-Sulphate.—Has a brilliant violet-blue colour, and an ammoniacal odour. Solution of arsenious acid affords a fresh apple-green precipitate. (This experiment is, conversely, that for arsenious acid.) The Diacetate.—Same tests as for the sulphate, with exception of that which is placed last. If, in either of the foregoing cases, matters from the stomach are present, boil the whole, and when cool add distilled vinegar; filter, and retain both the liquor which has passed through, and the substance left in the filter. Pass sulphuretted hydrogen through the former, and then boil; when the brownish product has subsided (after pouring off the supernatant liquid), wash it several times in distilled water. Incinerate it within a test-tube, add a small amount of nitric acid, and then apply moderate heat. When cool, a few drops of solution of ammonia will produce the violet colour above referred to, if copper exist in the solution. The substance left in the filter must be burnt (at a red heat) in a crucible; and, after addition of diluted nitric acid, exposed to a gentle heat, then filtered. In this state it may be examined by the tests for Sulphate of Copper, in solution. LEAD—ITS ACETATE, CARBONATE, AND PREPARATIONS GENERALLY. Obj. To decompose the poison, and then promote its ejection. Treat. Administer solution of sulphate of zinc, or ipecacuanha, followed by Epsom salts, in full doses; induce and continue vo- miting. If red lead is the poison, almond or olive oil must at first be given, in considerable quantity. TESTS. In a solid state.—Mixed with potash and charcoal, and exposed to a red heat, (or placed in a suitably sized hollow in a piece of 26* 306 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. charcoal, and exposed to a blowpipe flame,) metallic lead id formed. In solution.—Sulphuric acid, and sulphates, throw down a white (sulphate of lead) precipitate. Solution of carbonate of soda gives a white (carbonate of lead) deposit. Solution of chromate of pot- ash a rich yellow (chromate of lead) precipitate. Transmission of hydrosulphuric acid produces a blackish (sulphuret of lead) pre- cipitate. Zinc precipitates lead from solution of any of its salts. To render the carbonate amenable to the foregoing tests, it must first be dissolved in a sufficiency of nitric acid diluted with dis- tilled water. MERCURY — CORROSIVE SUBLIMATE, THE BICYANIDE, CALOMEL, IODIDE, RED PRECIPITATE, SUBSULPHATE OR TURPETH MINE- RAL, ETC., ETC. Obj. Decomposition of the poison, and its ejection from the stomach. Treat. Albumen of eggs in continuous large doses, and infu- sion of catechu afterwards; sweet milk; mixtures of flour with water (for sake of gluten) in successive cupfuls; iron filings; (emetics of tartrate of antimony have been recommended, to com- bat ptyalism, when present.) TESTS. Corrosive sublimate in a solid state.-—Is sublimed when heated in a test-tube; and the acrimonious fumes speedily condense into a crystalline, semitransparent mass. Placed in a test-tube and po- tassa or soda added in solution, a yellow (peroxide of mercury) precipitate is thrown down; (lime has the same effect.) Triturated with an equal weight of well-dried carbonate of potassa, metallic gobules of mercury will become visible. In solution.—Ammonia throws down a white (ammonio-chh- ride of mercury) precipitate. Solution of proto-chloride of tin APPENDIX. 307 affords a (perchloride of tin) precipitate, which at first is white, but acquires a leaden colour on adding more of said test; when this precipitate (after being well agitated) is dried, minute glo- bules of quicksilver are formed. Transmission of sulphuretted hydrogen produces a (bisulphuret of mercury) precipitate, which at first is leaden-coloured, and then black. Solution of iodide of potassium affords an intensely brilliant scarlet (protoioduret of mercury) precipitate.—Corrosive sublimate may be reduced to the metallic state through galvanic influence, applied as follows:—A drop of the suspected fluid laid on a piece of polished gold, and both it and the gold touched at the same instant by a point .of iron (as a thick needle, or the end of a penknife), a small silvery coating of mercury soon becomes apparent on the gold. (Being most soluble in sulphuric ether, addition of this fluid is of more service when the poison is found mingled with organic or other matters.) The Bicyanide.—When sublimed within a test-tube, it con- denses in yellow crystals, these, on being touched with any small point, gradually acquire a fine scarlet colour. Calomel.—Is sublimed by heat. Mixed with solution of pot- ash or lime, it gives a black precipitate. When heated along with potash, it at first assumes a black appearance, and then quicksilver globules are observed. Sulphuric ether is equally valuable in treatment of calomel as in the case of corrosive sublimate. The Iodide.—On cautious application of heat, it sublimes in red-coloured crystals, which soon change to yellow, and subse- quently to a dusky hue. On exposure to a sufficient degree of heat, iodine fumes are disengaged. When mixed with potash (in equal weights) and heated in a test-tube, decomposition occurs, metallic mercury being sublimed, and iodide of potassium deposited in the tube. Red Precipitate.—Exposed to heat in a test-tube, metallic mer- cury is sublimed; evolution of oxygen being at the same time demonstrable. The Subsulphate.—-Treated in same manner as foregoing, subli- mation of the mercury takes place; and sulphurous acid gas is per- ceptibly evolved. 308 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. SILVER—THE NITRATE. Obj. Speedy decomposition of the poison, and its subsequent evacuation from the stomach. Treat. Give, in repeated draughts, a strong solution of chloride of sodium (common salt) and continue its employment although vomiting should have been complete. TESTS. In solution.—Muriatic acid or a soluble chloride throws down a curdy-looking (chloride of silver) precipitate, which acquires a brownish-black colour on short exposure to the light; this sub- stance, after being washed and dried, fuses on being heated; and, when cool, has a horny appearance. Solution of ammonia pro- duces a deep brown (oxide of silver) precipitate; if the solution of ammonia is added in excess, the precipitate will be dissolved; when only almost dissolved, the turbid mixture thus afforded forms the ammoniaco-nitrate of silver test for arsenious acid, and may itself be tested with a solution of the latter. PHOSPHORUS. Obj. Decomposition of the poison, and its total evacuation. Treat. Mixture of magnesia and cold water, in repeated draughts; promote continuous vomiting, by tickling the fauces, &c. TESTS. The peculiarity of its odour; its highly inflammable property, when only moderately heated. APPENDIX. 309 IRRITATING AND CORRODING ANIMAL POISONS. CANTHARIDES. Obj. Immediate evacuation of the poison, and protection of the stomach and intestines from its energetic action. Treat. Promote vomiting by repeated draughts of warm water; enemata of water with opium, &c.; camphor. TESTS. Characteristic green and glistering appearance of the flies, when a portion of them can be obtained. THE MUSSEL, LOBSTER, DOLPHIN, CONGER EEL, And some more varieties of fish (crustaceous, testaceous, and others) are poisonous under certain (diseased) conditions. Obj. Their removal from the stomach and intestines. Treat. Induce full vomiting by exhibition of sulphate of zinc; mustard, in tepid water; or warm decoction of chamomile, in repeated emetic quantities. Castor oil. TESTS. None by chemical agency. IRRITATING AND CORRODING VEGETABLE POISONS. COLOCYNTH, ELATERIUM, EUPHORBIUM, GAMBOGE, MEZEREON, SAVINE. Obj. Evacuation of the poison from the stomach and bowels. Treat. Copious demulcent drinks in a warm state, succeeded 310 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. by liquid cordial, stimulant or opiate medicines, suited to particu- lar circumstances. TESTS. None by means of reagents. The rich yellow colour of gamboge may sometimes prove a means of its detection; and familiar acquaintance with others of the above substances may lead to their recognition by smell, taste, &c. II. NARCOTISING OR STUPIFYING POISONS. OPIUM, MORPHIA, HYOSCYAMUS, LACTUCA VIROSA, LACTUCARIUM, AND THEIR PREPARATIONS GENERALLY. Obj. To empty the stomach as speedily as possible. Treat. The stomach-pump; copious administration of warm diluents; with full emetic doses of tartrate of antimony, sulphate of zinc, or sulphate of copper, and ipecacuanha. After sufficient evacuation, give vegetable acids in a suitably diluted state. During said treatment, application of cold water to the head, &c, should be persevered in, and in many instances, mustard applications to the feet, and the patient strenuously aroused whenever he sub- sides into a lethargic condition. Artificial respiration should be employed after other means fail. TESTS. Opium in substance.—Its peculiar taste, colour, and odour, (especially the latter quality, when arising from opium in a soft- ened or moist state, and more so, if it be moderately heated, as when just obtained from the stomach.) In solution.—Nitric acid throws down a red coloured (nitrate of morphia) precipitate. Tincture of the muriate of iron produces a (meconate of iron) deposit, which is also red. APPENDIX. 311 When the suspected fluid has been procured from the stomach, it usually contains a mingling of organic substances; these must be broken down, and the whole rendered sufficiently fluid, by addi- tion of distilled water when necessary, then slightly acidulated with acet^ acid; the liquor thus obtained, when well agitated, and afterwards filtered, must be evaporated to the thickness of syrup; and after being digested with alcohol, it must be boiled, and again concentrated to nearly the consistence of syrup. When this alcoholic extract (as it has been called) is dissolved in dis- tilled water, solution of ammonia, cautiously added, produces a (morphia) precipitate, which acquires a yellow colour when nitric acid is dropped into it. When the last-named precipitate is removed by filtration, and acetate of lead added to the super- natant (meconate of ammonia) liquor, a (meconate of lead) depo- sit is afforded, which, when suspended in water, is decomposed by transmission of sulphuretted hydrogen ; a dark precipitate (sul- phuret of lead) being thereby thrown down. The fluid remaining from this last process acquires a deep cherry-red hue, on addition of the sesquichloride of iron. Morphia, in a solid state.—Is soluble only in a slight degree of water. Nitric acid turns it first to an orange, and then to a yel- low colour. When suspended in water, it is changed to a dull blue, on addition of tincture of muriate of iron. HYDROCYANIC (OR PRUSSIC) ACID. CHERRY-LAUREL OIL, AND CHERRY-LAUREL WATER; BITTER ALMOND (AND ITS OIL). Obj. Endeavour to counteract the deadly sedative, congestive influence of the poison. Treat. The internal remedies best calculated to act chemically on this poison, are, carbonate of potash in solution, quickly suc- ceeded by watery solutions of sulphate of iron, (with the inten- 312 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. tion of decomposing the acid, and forming the less injurious sub- stance named Prussian blue:*) the instances of successful treat- ment by these, or indeed by any other kind of treatment, are extremely rare, however. Inhalation of chlorine gas, ammonia, &c, artificial respiration, exhibition of energetic stimulants— such as brandy, liquid ammonia, chlorine-water, chloride of soda, and of lime, have all been extolled, and may be tried; also mus- tard poultices to the stomach, and cowhage applied over the chest: venesection at the neck, temples, &c, and affusion of cold water to the head and spinal district, are more likely to prove timely excitant and effective remedies. Employment of the stomach- pump, emetics, &c, seems here a most improbable means of relief, or rather a waste of time. TESTS. The (bitter almond) peculiarity of its odour. When a little potash is mixed with liquids containing the poison, and solution of sulphate, or sesquichloride of iron added, a grayish-green precipi- tate is thrown down, which deepens to a Prussian-blue tint, on addition of a few drops of sulphuric acid. The nitrate of silver produces a white (cyanide of silver) precipitate, which, after being washed and dried, and then held on a watch-glass over a flame, burns with a fresh rose-colour, cyanogen being at same time evolved. When a mixture is to be examined, containing matters from the stomach, &c, if alkaline, it must first be neutralized by addi- tion of sulphuric acid, then one-eighth part cautiously distilled therefrom into a receiver immersed in some frigorific mixture; and the product may then be tested by nitrate of silver, as above. * Messrs. J. & J. H. Smith, of Edinburgh, recommend, as an antidote for Prussic acid, a mixture of the sulphates of the protoxide and sesqui- oxide of iron, associated with carbonate of potassa. So soon as the antidote comes in contact with hydrocyanic acid, sulphate of potassa is formed, and the poison is converted into Prussian blue. (American Jour- nal of Medical Science, January, 1845, from the Lancet.) APPENDIX. 313 GASEOUS (NARCOTIC) POISONS. CHLORINE, CARBONIC ACID, CARBURETTED HYDROGEN, SULPHURETTED HYDROGEN, ETC. Obj. To avert suffocating symptoms, in the first place. Treat. Remove the patient from the situation or apartment in which the poison had been inhaled, or open the doors, win- dows, &c, for admission of pure air: continued application of cold water to the head and neck. Venesection may be necessary, or cupping at the back of the neck; cautious inhalation of steam from warm water placed in a convenient vessel. TESTS. Chlorine.—Take a bottle containing distilled water into the tainted apartment, and after pouring out more than half, cork the bottle, and (to the retained portion of water) apply the tests directed for muriatic acid. Carbonic Acid.—Proceed with a bottle of (lime) water, as just described; the solution of lime acquires a milky appearance on being well agitated, if the said gas may have been in the atmo- sphere of the apartment. A lighted candle will detect the pre- sence of carbonic acid gas (if in excess), by being immediately extinguished in the tainted atmosphere; it must, for this purpose, be held near the floor. [The utmost caution is required to be observed in introducing lighted tapers into close situations sup- posed to contain this gas, lest an explosive hydrocarbon may, instead, be met with.] 27 314 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. III.—ACRID NARCOTIC POISONS. ALCOHOL, BELLADONNA, COCCULUS INDICUS, COLCHICUM AUTUM- NALE, DIGITALIS, FOOLS' PARSLEY, HELLEBORE, WATER HEM- LOCK, SPOTTED HEMLOCK, HYPOPHYLLUM (MANY VARIETIES), POISONOUS MUSHROOMS, NUX VOMICA, STRAMONIUM, SABA- DILLA, TOBACCO, VERATRIA, VERATRUM ALBUM, ETC., ETC. Obj. To relieve the stomach and bowels of their poisonous con- tents as speedily as possible. Treat. The stomach-pump, tickling the fauces, emetics, warm diluents, demulcents, sulphate of magnesia or of soda, and simi- lar treatment to that directed above for Opium, Morphia, &c. TESTS. By sensible qualities chiefly. In fatal cases from alcohol, the stomach should, with its contents, be cut and broken down; and after sufficient fluidity given to the mixture by addition of dis- tilled water, it should be submitted to repeated distillation at a heat under 212°. POISONED WOUNDS OF EVERY KIND. Obj. To prevent absorption of the virus. Treat. If on the extremities, tie a ligature tightly round the limb, &c, between it and the heart; apply cupping-glasses, so as to include the wound; then, or at first, apply caustic potassa, nitrate of silver, or the actual cautery; removal of the part by the knife. Peculiar directions for the management of accidents of this nature, however, are here unnecessary, as they more properly belong to works on Surgery. APPENDIX. 315 III. TABLE OF SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS, SOME OF WHICH ARE EMPLOYED IN THIS WORK, AND ALL OF WHICH OCCUR FRE- QUENTLY IN PRESCRIPTIONS. ABBREVIATION. LATIN NAME. R Recipe. aa Ana. tb Libra, vel librae. g Uncia, vel unciae. 3 Drachma, vel drachmae. 9 Scrupulus, vel scrupuli. 0 Octarius, vel octarii. f3 Fluidrachma,vel — drachmae. f3 Fluiduncia, vel — unciae. (XX Minimum, vel minima. Ad lib. Ad libitum. Ad saturand. Ad saturandum. Add. Adde, vel addantur. Aq. bull. Aqua bulliens. Aq. ferv. Aqua fervens. Aq. font. Aqua fontana. Aq. fluv. Aqua fluvialis. Aq. distil. Aqua distillata. Bull. Bulliat, vel bulliant. Cap. Capiat. Chart. Chartula, vel chartulae. Coch. Cochlear, vel cochlearia. Coch. mag. Cochlear magnum. Coch. parv. Cochlear parvum. Coch. med. ■» Cochlear medium, vel modi- -j vel mod. j cum. J Col. Cola. Colet. Coletur. Colent. Colentur. ENGLISH NAME. Take. Of each. A pound, or pounds. An ounce, or ounces. A drachm, or drachms. A scruple, or scruples. A pint, or pints. A fluidr achm, or—drachms. A fluidounce, or—ounces. A minim, or minims. At pleasure. Until saturated. Add, or let be added. Boiling water. Hot water. Spring water. River water. Distilled water. Let boil. Let the patient take. A small paper, or papers. A spoonful, or spoonfuls. A tablespoonful. A teaspoonful. A dessertspoonful. Strain. Let it be strained. Let them be strained. 316 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Collyr. Collyrium. An eye-water. Cong. Congius. A gallon. Cons. Conserva. A conserve. Contus. Contusus. Bruised, or broken. Cort. Cortex. A bark. Decoc. Decoctum. A decoction. Elect. Electuarium. An electuary. Enem. Enema. An injection. F. vel ft. Fac, vel fiat, vel fiant. Make, or let be made. Fol. Folia. Leaves. Garg. Gargarisma. A gargle. Gr. Granum, vel grana. A grain, or grains. Gtt. Gutta, vel guttae. A drop, or drops. Guttat. Guttatim. By drops. Haust. Haustus.. A draught. Inf. Infunde. Pour in. Infus. Infusum. An infusion. M. Misce. Mix. Mass. Massa. A mass. Mic. pan. Mica panis. A crumb of bread Mist. Mistura. A mixture. No. Numero. In number. Pil. Pilula, vel pilulae. A pill, or pills. Ppt. Praeparata. Prepared. Pulv. Pulvis, vel pulveres. A powder, or powders. Q.l.,velq.p. ^ Quantum lubet, vel quantum •> . , . y > i i as mucn as y0U please. J placet. j Q. S. Quantum sufficit. A sufficient quantity. Q. h. 2da, vel ■» Quaque hora secunda, 3ia, &c. J tertia, &c. vel | Every 2 or 3 hours, &c. Rad. Radix. A root. S. Signa. Write. Ss. Semis. A half. Tinct. Tinctura. A tincture. Trit. Tritura. Triturate. Troch. Trochisci. Troches, or lozenges. Vit. ov. Vitellum ovi. The yolk of an egg. APPENDIX. 317 IV. TABLE OF PROPORTIONATE DOSES FOR DIFFERENT AGES. GAUBIUS' TABLE. Under \ yi " 1 « sar, l-15th of a l-12th full dose, 11 Examples. or 4 grains. 6 " « 2 ' l-8th a " 7J < " 3 < l-6th u 10 < u 4 < l-5th a " 12 < " 7 < l-8d " " 20 < " 14 ' 1-half " «< " 30 t " 20 ' 2-3ds " (< 40 < " 21 ' ' the full dose, 1 drachm " 63 < " 77 < ll-12ths " ' 5-6ths << it " 55 grains. " 50 " " 100 ' 2-3ds " « 40 < t The following is the more simple rule of Br. Young: " For children under 12 years, the doses of most medicines must be diminished in the proportion of the age, to the age in- creased by 12. Thus, at 2 years, the dose will be -fth of that for 2 1 adults, viz; At 21 the full dose may be given/' 2 + 12 — 7' To the above rule there are certain exceptions; thus calomel and castor oil require to be given in larger proportionate doses, while opium and the narcotics generally should be administered in smaller proportionate quantities. Sex, temperament, and idiosyncracy have also a modifying effect upon the dose, and they should always be kept in view in the administration of medicines. Females usually require a smaller dose than males; and persons of sanguine temperament bear depletory medicines better than the phlegmatic. 27* 318 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. TABLES OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. apothecaries' weight. (U.S., L.,E., D.) Pound. Ounces. Drachms. Scruples. Grains ftl = 12 = 96 = 288 = 5760 31 = 8 = 24 = 480 31 = 3 9 1 — 60 gr. 20 AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. Pound. Ounces. Drachms. Troy Grains. ft 1 = 16 = 256 == 7000 oz. 1 = 16 = 437-5 dr. 1 = 27-3437 RELATIVE VALUE OF TROY (OR APOTHECARIES') AND AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHTS. Pound. Pound. Ounces. Grains. 1 Troy, = 0 13 72-5 (Avoirdupois.) 1 Avoirdupois, = 1 2 280 (Troy.) APOTHECARIES' OR WINE MEASURE. ( U. S.} D.) Gallon. Cong. 1 = Pints. Fluidounces. 8 = 128 = 01 = 16 = fgl = Fluidrachms. Minims. 1024 = 61440 128 = 7680 8 = 480 f31 = n* 60 APPENDIX. 319 IMPERIAL MEASURE. (L., E.) Galloi Cong. 1 a. Pints. = 8 Fluidounces. = 160 _ Fluidrachms. 1280 = Minims. 76800 Imp. Grains, = 70000 0 1 = 20 = 160 = 9600 = 8750 fsi 8 = f3 1 = 480 60 Of 1 = 437-5 = 54-7 = 0-91 RELATIVE VALUE OF APOTHECARIES' AND IMPERIAL MEASURES. Apothecaries' Measure. 1 gallon = 1 pint z 1 fluidounce = 1 fluidrachm = Imperial Measure. Pints. 6 Fluidounces. 13 16 Fluidrachms. 2 5 Minims. 23 18 1 0 20 1 2* Imperial Measure. Apothecaries' Measure. Gallon. Pint. Fluidounces. Fluidrachms. Minims. 1 gallon = 1 1 9 5 8 1 pint = 1 3 1 38 1 fluidounce = 7 41 58 1 fluidrachm = RELATIVE VALUE OF APOTHECARIES' WEIGHTS AND MEASURES IN DISTILLED WATER AT 60° FAHRENHEIT. 1 gallon 1 pint 1 fluidounce 1 fluidrachm 1 minim Pounds. Ounces. Drachms. Scruples. Grains. 10 1 4 0 8-88 1 3 1 1 11-11 0 0 7 1 15-69 0 0 0 2 16-96 0 0 0 0 ■9493 320 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. FRENCH DECIMAL WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. MEASURES OF WEIGHT. Troy Grains. Milligramme = •0154 Centigramme = •1543 Decigramme = 1-5434 Gramme = 15-4340 lb. oz. dr. gr. Decagramme = 154-3402 = 0 0 2 34-3 Hectogramme = 1543-4023 = 0 3 1 43-4 Kilogramme = 15434-0234 = 2 8 1 14 Myriagramme = 154340-2344 = 26 9 4 20 MEASURES OF LENGTH. The metre being at 32°, and the foot at 62c Millimetre _ English Inches. •03937 Centimetre = •39371 Decimetre Metre I 3-93710 Miles. 39-37100 = 0 Fur. 0 Yds. 1 Feet. 0 Inches. 3-371 Decametre = 393-71000 = 0 0 10 2 9-710 Hectometre S3 3937-10000 = 0 0 109 1 1-100 Kilometre == 39371-00000 = 0 4 213 1 11-000 Myriametre = 393710-00000 = 6 1 156 1 2-000 MEASURES OF CAPACITY. Millitre Centilitre Decilitre Litre Decalitre Hectolitre Kilolitre Myrialitre English Cubic Inches. •061028 •610280 6-102800 61-028000 610-280000 6102-800000 61028-000000 610280-000000 Apothecaries' Measure. 16-2318 minims. 2-7053 fluidrachms. 3-3816 fluidounces. 2-1135 pints. 2-6419 gallons. APPENDIX. 321 APPROXIMATE MEASUREMENTS. A teacup is estimated to contain f3iv, or a gill. A wineglass " " f3ij. A tablespoon (cochlear magnum) " f3ss. A teaspoon (cochlear parvum) " fgj. COMPARISON OF THE DIFFERENT THERMOMETRIC SCALES. To convert the degrees of Centigrade into those of Fahrenheit, multiply by 9, divide by 5, and add 32. To convert the degrees of Centigrade into those of Reaumur, multiply by 4, and divide by 5. To convert the degrees of Fahrenheit into those of Centigrade, deduct 32, multiply by 5, and divide by 9. To convert the degrees of Fahrenheit into those of Reaumur, deduct 32, divide by 9, and multiply by 4. To convert the degrees of Reaumur into those of Centigrade, multiply by 5, and divide by 4. To convert the degrees of Reaumur into those of Fahrenheit, multiply by 9, divide by 4, and add 32. 322 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. TABLE EXHIBITING THE NUMBER OF DROPS OF DIFFERENT LIQUIDS EQUIVALENT TO A FLUID DRACHM. Liquid medicines, in small quantities, are frequently estimated by drops, which are often incorrectly considered equivalent to a minim, or the sixtieth part of a fluid drachm. The drop of water and of watery fluids is, on an average, about this size; but this is by no means the case with all liquids. Even in the same liquid the size of the drop varies, according to the shape of the vessel, and of its mouth, from which it is dropped. The following table was compiled by Mr. E. Durand, of Philadelphia. Drops. Acid, acetic (crystallizable) - 120 Acid, hydrocyanic (medicinal) 45 Acid, muriatic 54 Acid, nitric 84 Acid, nitric, diluted, (1 to 7) 51 Acid, sulphuric 90 Acid, sulphuric (aromatic) - 120 Acid, sulphuric, diluted (1 to 7) 51 Alcohol (rectified spirit) - 138 Alcohol, diluted (proof spirit) 120 Arsenite of potassa, solution of, 57 Chloroform - - - 250 to 300 Ether, sulphuric - 150 Oil of aniseed, cinnamon, cloves, peppermint, sweet almonds, and olives ... 120 Drops. Tincture of assafcetida, fox- glove, guaiac, and opium 120 Tincture of chloride of iron 132 Vinegar, distilled - - 78 Vinegar of colchicum - 78 Vinegar of opium (black drop) 78 Vinegar of squill - - 78 Water, distilled 45 Water of ammonia (strong) 54 Water of ammonia (weak) - 45 Wine (Teneriffe) - - 78 Wine, antimonial - - 72 Wine of colchicum - - 75 Wine of opium 78 APPENDIX. 323 VI. TABLE OF THE PROPORTION, BY MEASURE, OF ALCOHOL (SP. GR. 0-825) CONTAINED IN 100 PARTS OF DIFFERENT WINES AND MALT LIQUORS.—By Brande* Lissa (average) 25-41 Syracuse - 15-28 Raisin (aver.) - 25-12 Sauterne - 14-22 Port (aver.) - 22-18 Burgundy (aver.) - 14-57 Marsala (aver.) 29-09 Hock (aver.) - - - 13-68 Madeira (aver.) 22-27 Hock, old in cask - 8-88 Sherry (aver.) 19-17 Nice - 14-63 Teneriffe (aver.) 19-79 Barsac - - - - 13-86 Calares - - - - 19-75 Tent - 13-30 Lachryma Christi - 19-70 Champagne, white - 13-30 White Constantia - 19-75 Champagne, red 11-93 Red Constantia 18-92 Red Hermitage 12-32 Lisbon - - - - 18-94 Vin de grave (aver.) 12-37 Malaga (1666) 18-94 Frontignac - 12-79 Bucellas - - - - 18-49 C6te Rotie - 12-32 Red Madeira (aver.) 20-35 Gooseberry wine - 11-84 Cape Muscat - 18-25 Currant wine 20-55 Cape Madeira (aver.) 20-51 Tokay - - - - 9-88 Grape wine 18-11 Elder wine - 9-87 Calcavella (aver.) - 18-65 Orange wine (aver.) 11-26 Vidonia - - - - 19-25 Cider (highest aver.) 9-87 Alba Flora 17-26 Cider (lowest aver.) 5-21 Malaga - - - ■ 17-26 Perry (aver.) 7-26 White Hermitage - 17-43 Mead - 7-32 Rousillon (aver.) 18-13 Burton ale 8-88 Claret (aver.) - 15-10 Brown stout - 6-30 Malmsey Madeira - 16-40 London porter 4-20 Lunel - 15-52 London small beer - 1-28 Shiraz - 15-52 * Somewhat different results have been obtained by other chemists. Dr. Christison's analyses exhibit a rather smaller amount of alcohol in most wines, than the above table of Mr. Brande. Thus, according to 324 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Christison, the average strength of Port is 18-68; of Sherry, 18-47; of the strongest Madeira, 20-35. Dr. C. considers it a mistake to suppose that wines become stronger by age, although it is well known, that up to a certain period, their flavour is improved; while, at the same time, their body, or apparent strength, is increased. Wines are very frequently adulterated, and counterfeit mixtures are often sold as genuine wine. Formerly, wine-dealers were in the habit of putting litharge into wines that had become sour; by which sugar of lead was formed (from the action of the acetic acid of the wine upon the oxide of lead). This corrected the defect of the wine, but, at the same time, rendered it highly poisonous. This adulteration may easily be detected by the action of sulphuretted hydrogen, which causes a black, flocculent precipitate. This criminal practice is now, however, abandoned. Ac- cording to Brande, the presence of lead, in minute quantities, may often be detected in wines, but it is derived, invariably, from shot in the bottle, or some analogous source. Spurious mixtures, sold in imitation of genuine wines, though not absolutely poisonous, may, nevertheless, prove very injurious to the stomach, and always occasion mischief and disappointment, when de- pended upon as therapeutic agents. The wines most frequently imitated are Port and Madeira, and cider is usually the chief ingredient in the spurious mixture. English port is sometimes made of a small portion of real port mixed with cider, juice of elder-berries, and brandy, coloured and rendered astringent by logwood and alum. Brandy is almost universally added to wines (especially the stronger) to increase their strength. By the custom-house regulations of England, ten per cent, of brandy may be added to wines after importation; but to good wines not more than four or five per cent, is added. Colouring matters are also frequently added, as caramel, must, and (as in the case of port) logwood. Champagne wine is sometimes imitated by very spark- ling cider, slightly brandied. APPENDIX. 325 VII. A TABLE EXHIBITING THE COMPOSITION OF THE PRINCIPAL NA- TURAL MINERAL WATERS OF EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES. I. Carbonated Waters, or such as contain an excess of car- bonic acid, which gives them a sparkling appearance and the power of reddening litmus paper. These waters frequently contain the carbonate of iron, lime, and magnesia, which are held in solution by the excess of carbonic acid, and which are deposited when the water is boiled, or exposed for some time to the air. Seltzer Carbonic Acid, Solid contents. Carbonate of Soda, Carbonate of Magnesia, - Carbonate of Lime, Chloride of Sodium, Total, - - 29 [Bergmann. Pyrmont.—( Germany.) Temperature, 55° F. In a wine pint. Carbonic Acid, - cubic inches 26 Solid contents. Carbonate of Magnesia, Carbonate of Lime, Sulphate of Magnesia, Sulphate of Lime, - Chloride of Sodium, Oxide of Iron, Total, - - 30-6 [Bergmann. 28 .—(Germany.) In a wine pint. cubic inches 17 grains 4 5 3 17 grains 10-0 n 4-5 tt 5-5 a 8-5 tt 1-5 it 0-6 326 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Spa.—(Belgium.) Temperature, 50° F. Carbonic Acid, Solid contents. Carbonate of Soda, Carbonate of Magnesia, Carbonate of Lime, Chloride of Sodium, Oxide of Iron, In a wine pint. cubic inches 13 Total, grains 1-5 4-5 1-5 0-2 0-6 8-3 [Bergmann. Mont d'Or.—(France.) Four springs, the temperature of which, respectively, is 107°, 109°, 113°, and 52° F. Madeleine Spring. In a Parisian pint Carbonic Acid, - . grains 4-64 Carbonate of Soda, - . tt 6-75 Sulphate of Soda, - - - " 2-04 Alumina, 5-18 2-21 Carbonate of Lime, - . tt 4-14 Carbonate of Magnesia . tt 1-36 Oxide of Iron, - - tt 0-40 Total, 26-72 Vichy.—(France.) The temperature of the different springs, varies from 72° to 114° F. They all contain carbonic acid, carbonates of lime, magnesia, and soda, sulphate of soda, and muriate of soda. APPENDIX. 327 Carbonic Acid. Sulphate of Magnesia, Muriate of Soda, Muriate of Lime, Sulphate of Lime, Carbonate of Magnesia, Carbonate of Lime, Silicious Earth, Iron, - Sweet Springs.—(Virginia.) Temperature, 73° F. In a quart. grains 12 to 15 grains 18 to 24 grains i-tol [ROUELLE. II. Sulphuretted Waters, or such as contain sulphuretted hydrogen, and are distinguished by their peculiar foetid smell, and by their yielding brown precipitates with the salts of lead and silver. Sulphuretted Hydrogen, - Solid contents. Carbonate of Soda, Carbonate of Lime, Chloride of Sodium, Aix-la-Chapelle.—( Germany.) Temperature, 110° to 143° F. Total, In a wine pint. cubic inches 5-5 grains 12 4-75 5 21-75 [Bergmann. Harrowgate, Old Well.—(England.) Gaseous contents. Sulphuretted Hydrogen, Carbonic Acid, Nitrogen, Carburetted Hydrogen, In a wine gallon. cubic inches 14 4-25 4-15 Total, - - 30-40 328 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Solid contents. Chloride of Sodium, - grains 752 Chloride of Calcium,.....<< 65-7') Chloride of Magnesium, ----- « 29-2 Bicarbonate of Soda,.....<< 12-8 Total, - - 859-75 White Sulphur.—( Virginia.) Temperature, 62° F. Gaseous contents. In a wine gallon Sulphuretted Hydrogen, - - - cubic inches 2-5 Carbonic Acid, -----.<< 2 Oxygen, ----... j.^g Nitrogen,.......« 3.552 Total, ---......9.5 Solid contents. In a pint Sulphate of Magnesia,.....grains 5-588 Sulphate of Lime, - " 7-744 Carbonate of Lime, - " 1-150 Chloride of Calcium, - << 0-204 Chloride of Sodium,....." 0-180 Oxide of Iron,...... a trace. Loss,........tt 0.410 Total, - - 15-276 [Prof. W. B. Rogers. Red Sulphur.—( Virginia.) Temperature, 54° F. Gaseous contents. In an imperial gallon. Sulphuretted Hydrogen, - - - cubic inches 4-54 Carbonic Acid, - - - - - - << g.75 Nitrogen,....... 4.25 Solid contents. In 32 cubic inches. Sulphate of Soda, ~\ Sulphate of Lime, / Sulphate of Magnesia, v - . grains 1 -25 Carbonate of Lime, V Muriate of Soda, J [Prof. W. B. Rogers. APPENDIX. 329 - cubic inches Salt Sulphur.—(Virginia.) Temperature, 49° to 56° F. Gaseous contents. Sulphuretted Hydrogen, Nitrogen, - Oxygen, Carbonic Acid, Solid contents. Sulphate of Lime, - Sulphate of Magnesia, - Sulphate of Soda, - - - - Carbonate of Lime, - Carbonate of Magnesia, - Chloride of Magnesium, Chloride of Sodium, - Chloride of Calcium, ... Peroxide of Iron, from Protosulphate, An azotized organic matter, blended with sulphur, about, Earthy Phosphates, Iodine,...... In 100 cubic inches. 1-10 to 1-50 2-05 0-27 5-75 grains 36-755 7-883 9-682 " 4-445 1-434 0-116 0-683 0-025 " 0-042 a trace. tt [Prof. W. B. Rogers. Warm Springs.—( Virginia.) Temperature, 98° F. Gaseous contents. Sulphuretted Hydrogen, Nitrogen, ----- Carbonic Acid, ... - Solid contents. Muriate of Lime, - - - - Sulphate of Magnesia, - Carbonate of Lime, ... Sulphate of Lime, - - - - Soda, -..... Total, In a gallon. cubic inches 0-25 3-25 1-00 grains 3-968 9-984 4-288 5-466 a trace. - 23-706 [Prof. W. B. Rogers. 28* 330 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Blue Sulphur.—( Virginia.) Solid contents.—(Amount not given.) Sulphate of Lime. Chloride of Calcium, Sulphate of Magnesia, Hydrosulphate of Soda and Mag- Sulphate of Soda, nesia, Carbonate of Lime, Protosulphate of Iron, Carbonate of Magnesia, Iodine, Chloride of Magnesium, Sulphur, Chloride of Sodium, Organic Matters. Gaseous contents.—(Amount not given.) Sulphuretted Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbonic Acid, Nitrogen. [Prof. W. B. Rogers. Sharon Springs.—(New York.) White Sulphur. Temperature 48° F. Sulphuretted Hydrogen, - Solid contents. Bicarbonate of Magnesia, ... Sulphate of Magnesia, - Sulphate of Lime,..... Hydrosulphate of Magnesia and Lime, - Chloride of Sodium and Magnesium, In a wine gallon. cub. in. 20-5 grs. 24-0 34-0 85-4 3-0 2-7 Total, 149-1 Magnesia Spring. Temperature 48° F. Sulphuretted Hydrogen, Solid contents. Bicarbonate of Magnesia, Sulphate of Magnesia, - Sulphate of Lime, - - - - . Hydrosulphate of Magnesia and Lime, - Chloride of Sodium and Magnesium, In a wine gallon. cub. in. 3-3 grs. 30-5 " 22-7 " 76-0 " 0-5 " 3-0 Total, 132-7 APPENDIX. 331 III. Chalybeate Waters are characterized by their inky taste, and by striking a blue-black colour with an infusion of galls, and a blue colour with ferrocyanuret of potassium. The iron is generally in the state of carbonate of the protoxide, held in solu- tion in the water by excess of carbonic acid. By standing, or boiling, the carbonic acid is driven off, and the protoxide, by ab- sorbing oxygen, is precipitated as a hydrated sesquioxide, of an ochreous colour. Tunbridge Wells.—(England.) Solid contents. In a wine gallon. Chloride of Sodium, ------ grs. 2-46 Chloride of Calcium,......"0-39 Chloride of Magnesium, - - - - - "0-29 Sulphate of Lime, -......"1-41 Carbonate of Lime, - - - - - - " 0-27 Oxide of Iron, - -....." 2-22 Manganese, Silica, &c,.....- " 0-44 Loss,.......- 0-13 Total, 7-61 [Scudamore. Brigh ton .—(England.) In a wine pint. Carbonic Acid, -.....cub. in. 2-5 Solid contents. Sulphate of Iron, - -......grs. 1-80 Sulphate of Lime,.....- - "4-09 Chloride of Sodium,......" 1-53 Chloride of Magnesium,....." u'75 Silica,........." °-14 Loss,.......- - " °'19 Total, 8-5 [Marcet. 332 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Cheltenham.—(England.) Chalybeate Spring. In a wine pint. Carbonic Acid,......cub. in. 2-5 Solid contents. Carbonate of Soda, ------ grs. 0-5 Sulphate of Soda,......."22-7 Sulphate of Magnesia,......"6 Sulphate of Lime, -...... - "2-5 Chloride of Sodium, -....."41-3 Oxide of Iron,......."0-8 Total, 73-8 [Brande & Parkes. Bedford.—(Pennsylvania.) Anderson's Spring. Temperature, 55° F. In a wine gallon. Carbonic Acid,......cub. in. 74 Solid contents. Sulphate of Magnesia,......grs. 80 Sulphate of Lime, - - - - - - - " 14-5 Chloride of Sodium,......"10 Chloride of Calcium,......"3 Carbonate of Lime, - - - - - ■ "8 Carbonate of Iron,......"5 Total, 120-5 [Dr. Church. Schooley's Mountain.—(New Jersey.) Temperature 50° F. Solid contents. In a wine Pint Muriate of Soda,.......grs- 0-43 Muriate of Lime,......."2-40 Muriate of Magnesia, - - - - - - "0-50 Carbonate of Lime, - - - - - - "7-99 Sulphate of Lime,......." 0"65 Carbonate of Magnesia,....."0-40 silica, ........;; °-80 Carbonate of Iron,...... 2'00 Extractive,........" °'92 T " 0-41 Loss, ..... Total, 16-50 APPENDIX. 333 Balston Spa.—(New York.) Sans Souci Spring. Temperature, 50° F. Solid contents. Chloride of Sodium,..... Bicarbonate of Soda, - - - Bicarbonate of Magnesia, - Carbonate of Lime, - Carbonate of Iron, - Iodide of Sodium, ------ Silica, ------- In a wine gallon. grs. 143-733 12-66 39-10 43-407 5-95 1-30 1 Total, 247-15 [Steel. IV. Saline Waters comprise those which contain a sufficient amount of neutral salts to give them a marked, and generally a purgative operation. The salts most usually present are the sul- phates and carbonates of lime, magnesia, and soda, and the chlorides of calcium, sodium, and magnesium. Iodine and bromine have been found in a few saline springs; and some of them contain carbonic acid and iron, which might entitle them to be classified, respectively, with the carbonated or chalybeate waters. Plombieres.—(France.) Temperature, 90° to 144° F. Solid contents. Carbonate of Soda, Sulphate of Soda, Chloride of Sodium, Carbonate of Lime, Silica, Animal Matter, - Total, In a pint. grs. 2-16 2-33 1-25 0-50 1-33 1-50 - - 9-07 [Vauquelin. 334 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Carlsbad.—(Bohemia.) Temperature, 165° F. Solid contents. Carbonate of Lime, Sulphate of Soda, Chloride of Sodium, Carbonate of Soda, Lithia (Berzelius), In a wine pint. grs. 4-15 " 41-51 " 5-33 " 11-76 a trace. [Bergmann. Seidlitz.—(Bohemia.) Solid contents. Sulphate of Magnesia, Sulphate of Lime, Carbonate of Magnesia, Carbonate of Lime, Chloride of Magnesium, Total, In a wine pint. grs. 180 5 2-5 " 0-8 " 4-5 192-8 [Bergmann. Cheltenham.—(England.) Saline Spring. Solid contents. Sulphate of Soda, Sulphate of Magnesia, Sulphate of Lime, Chloride of Sodium, - Total, In a wine pint. grs. 15 " 11 " 4-5 " 50 80-5 [Parkes & Brande. APPENDIX. 335 B ath .—(England.) Temperature, 100° to 106° F. Carbonic Acid, Solid contents. Carbonate of Lime, Sulphate of Soda, - Sulphate of Lime, - Chloride of Sodium, Silica, - - - Oxide of Iron, In a wine pint. cub. in. 1-2 grs. 0-8 " 1-4 " 9-3 " 3-4 " 0-2 a trace. Total, 15-1 [Phillips. Hot Springs.—( Virginia.) Temperature, 98° to 106° F. Solid contents, (the quantity not given.) Carbonate of Lime, Sulphate of Lime, Carbonate of Magnesia, Sulphate of Soda, Carbonate of Iron, Sulphate of Magnesia, Free Nitrogen. [Prof. W. B. Rogers. Saratoga.—(New York.) Congress Spring. Gaseous contents. Carbonic Acid, Atmospheric Air, - Solid contents. Chloride of Sodium, Iodide of Sodium, Bicarbonate of Soda, - Bicarbonate of Magnesia, Carbonate of Lime, Carbonate of Iron, Silica, - - - - Bromide of Potassium, In a wine gallon. cub. in. 311 - « 7 Total, grs Total, 318 385 ' 3-5 ' 8-982 ' 95-788 ' 98-098 ' 5-075 ' 1-5 a trace. 597-943 [Steel. 336 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Saratoga.—(Iodine Spring.) In a wine gallon. cub. in. 336 4 Total, ■ 340 Solid contents. Chloride of Sodium, Carbonate of Magnesia, Carbonate of Lime, Carbonate of Soda, Carbonate of Iron, Iodine, - Saratoga.—(Pavilion Spring.) Gaseous contents. In a wine gallon. Carbonic Acid, ------ cub. in. 359-05 Atmospheric Air, ----- << 5-03 Total, - - 304 08 Solid contents. Chloride of Sodium, Carbonate of Soda, Carbonate of Lime, Carbonate of Magnesia, Carbonate of Iron, Sulphate of Soda, Iodide of Sodium, Alumina, - Silica, _ - - Phosphate of Lime, Bromide of Potassium, Total, ■ - 311-71 [Dr. J. R. Chilton. Gaseous contents. Carbonic Acid, Atmospheric Air, Total, 187 75 26 2 1 3-5 - 294-5 [Prof. Emmons. - grs. 187-68 - " 4-92 - " 52-84 - " 56-92 - " 3-51 - « 1-48 - " 2-59 - " 0-42 - " 1-16 - « 0-19 a trace. APPENDIX. 337 Saratoga.—(Union Spring.) Gaseous contents. Carbonic Acid, Atmospheric Air, Solid contents. Chloride of Sodium, Carbonate of Magnesia, Carbonate of Lime, Carbonate of Soda, Carbonate of Iron, Iodide of Sodium, or Iodine, Silica and Alumina, Bromide of Potassium, In a wine gallon. cub. in. 314-16 " 4-62 Total, grs. 318-78 243-620 84-265 41-600 12-800 5-452 3-600 1-570 a trace. Total, 392-907 [Dr. J. R. Chilton. Sea Water.—(English Channel.) Water, - Chloride of Sodium, - Chloride of Potassium, Chloride of Magnesium, Bromide of Magnesium, Sulphate of Magnesia, Sulphate of Lime, Carbonate of Lime, Total, In 1000 grains. grs. 964-744 " 27-059 " 0-765 " 3-667 0-029 " 2-296 « 1-407 0-033 " 1000-000 [Schweitzer. 29 338 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. V. Acidulous Waters. This division of Mineral Waters is intended to comprise such as contain a free acid, other than car- bonic acid. They are, comparatively, of rare occurrence. The following is an analysis of Sulphuric Acid Springs, lately brought into notice : Oak Orchard Springs.—(New York.) In a gallon. Free Sulphuric Acid,......grs. 82-96 Sulphate of Lime, - - - - - - " 39-60 Protosulphate of Iron, ------- 14-32 Sulphate of Alumina, - - - - - " 9-68 Sulphate of Magnesia, - - - - " 8-28 Silica,........." 1-04 Organic Extractive Matters, - - - " 3-28 Total, - - 160-62 [Dr. J. R. Chilton. The Alum Spring of Virginia is also stated to contain free sulphuric acid. VI. Siliceous Waters. These Mineral Waters are extremely rare; and in those hitherto discovered, the silica appears to have been dissolved by means of soda. The most remarkable of these are the boiling springs of Greyser, in Iceland, of which the fol- lowing is the analysis, as given by Black. (Edin. Phil. Trans. iii. 95.) Solid contents. In a gallon. Soda,......- - - grs. 5-56 Alumina, Silica, - Muriate of Soda, Sulphate of Soda, Total, 2-80 31-50 14-42 8-57 62-85 APPENDIX. 339 VIII. TABULAR VIEW OF THE DOSES OF THE PRINCIPAL ARTICLES IN THE MATERIA MEDICA, (PREPARED CHIEFLY FROM THE UNITED STATES DISPENSATORY.) Acetate of ammonia, fgss—f3j. of iron, gtt. x—xx. of iron, tincture, f3ss—j. of lead, gr. j—iij. of mercury, gr. j. of morphia, gr. ^—J. of potassa, 9j—3j. of soda, Qj—^ss. Acetous tincture of opium, gtt. x— xv. Acid, aromatic sulphuric, gtt. x— xx. arsenious, gr. l-16th—l-8th. hydrocyanic (medicinal), gtt. j—ij- muriatic, gtt. v—xx. diluted muriatic, (U. S.) gtt. xx—lx. diluted nitric, gtt. iij—x. dilute nitric, (U.S.) gtt.xx—xl. dilute sulphuric, gtt. x—xxx. nitro-muriatic, gtt. ij—x. tannic, gr. iij. Aconite, powder, gr. j—ij. tincture of root, gtt. v—x. tincture of leaves, gtt. xx —xxx. extract, gr. ss—j. Aloes, powder, gr. v—x. Aloes, tincture, f3j—iv. with canella, gr. x—xx. wine of, f3j—iv. Alum, gr. v—x. Ammonia, aromatic spirits, gtt. x— xv. muriate, gr. v—xxx. phosphate, gr. x—xxx. hydrosulphuret (liquor), gtt. iij—vj. Ammoniac, gr. x—xxx. tincture, f3ss—j. Ammoniated copper, gr. £—£. iron, gr. v—x. tincture of guaiac, f3j. tincture of opium, f3j. tincture of cinchona, f3j. tincture of valerian, f3j. Angustura bark, gr. x—xxx. Anodyne, Hoffman's, gtt. xxx—f3j- Antimony, sulphuret precipitate, gr. j—iij- tartrate of, and potassa, gr. j—iij- Antimonial powder, gr. iij—viij. wine, gtt. xxx—f3j. Arnica, gr. v—xx. 340 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Arsenical solution (Pearson's), frfxij —xxx a day. (Fowler's), gtt. v—x. Assafcetida, gr. v—x. tincture, f3j. lac, f3ss—j. Azederach, decoction, f3ss. Balsam of copaiva, gtt. x—xxx. of Peru, f3ss. of Tolu, gr. x—xxx. Baryta, solution of muriate, gtt. v. Barium, iodide, gr. ^—|-. Bateman's drops, f3j—ij- Belladonna, extract, gr. J—J. powder, gr. j. Benzoic acid, gr. x—xx. Bicarbonate of potassa, 3ss—j. of soda, Bj—3j. Bicyanide of mercury, gr. -J. Biniodide of mercury, gr. l-16th— l-8th. Bismuth, subnitrate, gr. v—x. Bitartrate of potassa, 3ss—j. Black snakeroot, decoc, f3ij—iv. Blue pill, gr. j—viij. Brucia, gr. £—\. Bromide of iron, gr. ss—j. Butternut, extract, 9j—3ss. Blackberry root, decoc, f3ij. Black drop, gtt. v—x. Boneset, infusion, f3j—ij. Buchu, powder, 9j—3j. infusion, fgj. Burnt sponge, ^j—ij. Cajeput, oil of, gtt. ij—v. Calcined magnesia, 3j. Calomel, gr. iij—x. Camphor, gr. v—x. tincture, gtt. v—xx. water, f3ss—j. Cantharides, gr. ss—j. tincture, gtt. xx—xxx. Canella bark, tincture, f3j. Capsicum, gr. iij—x. tincture, I3SS—j. Carbonate of ammonia, gr. v—x. of iron, gr. v—xx. of lime, prepared, gr. x —xx. of magnesia, 3ss. of potassa, gr. x—xxx. of soda, gr. x—xxx. (dried), gr. v— xv. Cascarilla bark, gr. x—xxx. infusion, f3j. tincture, f3j. Cassia, purging, 3j—3J- Castor, gr. x—xx. oil, f3ij— f3j. Catechu, gr. x—xxx. tincture, f3ss—iij. Carburet of iron, gr. v—x. Cannabis Indica, extract, gr. j—iij. Centaury, American, infus., f3j—ij. Chalk, prepared, gr. x—xx. Chamomile, infusion, f3j—ij. Chloride of gold, gr. l-16th—l-12th. Chlorine water, f3ss—j. Charcoal, 3ss—j. Cicuta. See Conium. Cinchona, infusion of, f3j—ij. decoction of, f3j—ij. extract of, gr. x—xxx. powder of, 3j. tincture of, f3j—iij. Cinchonia, sulphate of, gr. j—v. Citrate of potassa, 9j—3ss. of quinia and iron, gr. ij—v. Cobweb, gr. v—x. Cod-liver oil, fjss—ffj. Colchicum root, wine of, gtt. x—f3j. APPENDIX. 341 Colchicum seeds, wine of, f3ss—j. vinegar of, gtt. xxx— f3ij- Colocynth, gr. v—x. compound extract of, x —xv. Columbo, powder of, gr. x—xxx. tincture of, f3j—iij. Codeia, gr. ss—j. Confection of opium, gr. x—xxx. of senna, 3j- of scammony, 3ss—j. Conium, powder, gr. iij—v. extract, gr. ij—iij. tincture, gtt. xxx—f3j. Copaiva, gtt. x—xxx. oil of, gtt.v—x. Corrosive sublimate, gr. l-16th— l-4th. Copper, ammoniated, gr. |—J. sulphate, gr. \—\. (emetic), gr. iij—v. Crowsbill, decoction of, fgj—ij. Croton oil, gtt. ss—j. Cowhage, electuary of, f3j—iv. Cream of tartar, 3ss—3j. Creasote, gtt. j. Cubebs, powder of, 3ss—3j. oil of, gtt. v—xx. extract of, gr. v—x. Cyanuret of iron, gr. iij—v. of potassium, gr. \. of zinc, gr. \. Dalby's carminative, f3ss. Dandelion, extract of, 9j—3ss. infusion of, f3ij- Digitalis, powder of, gr. j. infusion, f3ss. tincture, gtt. x—xx. Dogwood, decoction, f3ij. Dover's powder, gr. v—x. Dulcamara, decoction, f3ij—iv. Elaterium, gr. \—\. Elaterin, gr. l-16th—l-12th. Elixir of vitriol, gtt. x—xx. of opium (M'Munn), gtt. xxv. proprietatis, f3j. Emetic, tartar, gr. j—ij. Epsom salts, 3j. Erigeron, infusion, f3ij. Ergot, powder of, gr. x—xx. tincture, f3j—ij. wine, f3j—ij. Essence of peppermint, gtt. x. Ethiops mineral, gr. v—xx. Ether, spirits of nitric, f3ss—f3j. sulphuric, f^ss—f3j. Extract of aconite, gr. ss—j. of butternut, 9j—3ss. of chamomile, gr. v—xx. of colocynth, gr. x—xv. of dandelion, 9j—3ss. of gentian, gr. v—xxx. of hemlock, gr. ij—iij. of henbane, gr. j—ij. of jalap, gr. v—xx. of lettuce, gr. iij—v. of logwood, gr. v—xx. of nux vomica, gr. \—j. of Peruvian bark, gr. x— xxx. of quassia, gr. ij—v. of rhatany, gr. x—xv. of taraxacum, 9j—3ss. of male fern, gr. x—xx. Fern, male, 3j— ij. Ferrocyanide of iron, gr. iij—v. Foxglove. See Digitalis. Fowler's solution, gttl v—x. 29* 342 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Garlic, syrup of, f3j. Galls, powder, gr. x—xxx. syrup, f3j—ij- tincture, f3j—ij. Gamboge, gr. iij—vj. Gentian, powder, gr. x—9ij. extract, gr. v—3ss. tincture, f3j—ij. Ginger, powder, gr. x—xxx. infusion, f3j—ij. tincture, f3j—ij. Gout cordial, Warner's, f3ss—ij. Godfrey's cordial, f3ss—j. Glauber's salts, 3j. Guaiac, (gum,) gr. x—xxx. tincture, f3j. ammoniated tine, f3j. Gunja, extract of, gr. j—iij. tincture, gtt. v—x. Hartshorn, aromatic, gtt. x—xv. Hellebore, black, gr. x—xx. extract, gr. v—x. tincture, f3j. white, gr. j—ij. American, gr. j—ij. Hemp, Indian, see Gunja. (Apocynum Cannabi- num) decoction f3j -ij- 4 Henbane, extract, gr. j—ij. tincture, f3j. Hive syrup (Coxe's,) gtt. x—f3j. Hiera picra, gr. x—xx. Hoffman's anodyne, gtt. xxx—f3j. Hops, infusion, f3j—ij. tincture, f3j—ij. Huxam's tincture of bark, f3j—ij. Hyoscyamus. See Henbane. Hydrocyanic acid (medicinal), gtt. j—ij- Iodide of iron, gr. ij—v. solution, gtt. xv— xl. of arsenic, gr. l-16th—l-12th. of barium, gr. ^—J. of potassium, gr. v—xx. Iodine, tincture of, gtt. v—xx. Iodo-hydrargyrate of potassium, (Channing's solution,) gtt. ij—v. Indigo, powder, 9j—3j. Ipecacuanha, (emetic,) gr. xv—xxx. American, 9j—3ss. syrup of, f3ss—j. wine of, fjss—ij. Iron, pure, (reduced,) gr. v—x. acetate of, gtt. x—xx. ammoniated, gr. iv—x. bromide of, gr. ss—j. citrate of, and quinia, gr. v—x. ferrocyanide of, gr. iij—v. iodide of, gr. ij—v. solution, gtt. xv—xl. lactate of, gr. iij—v. muriated tincture of, gtt. x— xxx. phosphate of, gr. v—x. rust of, gr. v—xx. subcarbonate, gr. v—xx. sulphate of, gr. j—v. (dried,) gr. ss—iij. tartrate of, and potassa, gr. x —xxx. Valet's carbonate of, gr. v—x. wine of, gtt. xx—f3j. Jalap, powder of, gr. x—xx. compound powder of, 3ss—j. extract of, gr. x—xx. tincture of, f^j—ij. James's powder, gr. iij—viij. Juniper berries, oil of, gtt. v—xv. APPENDIX. 343 Kino, gr. x—xxx. infusion of, f 3ss—jss. tincture of, f 3ss—j. Krameria. See Rhatany. Lac assafoetidoe, f3ss—j. sulphuris, 3j—ij. Laudanum, gtt. xxv. Lactucarium, gr. v—xx. Lime-water, f3ss—j. Lobelia, powder of, gr. v—x. tincture of, f3j. Logwood, extract of, gr. x—xxx. decoction of, f3ij. Lupulin, gr. v—x. tincture of, f3j. Magnesia, calcined, 3j. carbonate of, 3j—ij. sulphate of, 3j. Male fern, 3j—ij. May apple, extract, gr. x—xx. Manna, 3j—ij. Meadow saffron. See Colchicum. Mercury, acetate of, gr. j. black oxide of, gr. j—iij. black sulphuret of, gr. v —xx. bicyanide of, gr. l-16th— l-8th. biniodide of, gr. l-16th— l-12th. corrosive chloride of, gr. iodide of, gr. ss—j. mild chloride of, gr. ss—x. yellow sulphate of, gr. ij —v. with chalk, gr. v—xx. Mindererus, spirits of, f3ss—j. Monesia, extract of, gr. x—xv. Morphia, acetate of, gr. £—\. Morphia, muriate of, gr. \—\. sulphate of, gr. \—\. solution of, f3j —ij- Muriated tincture of iron, gtt. x— xxx. Muriatic acid, gtt. v—xx. ether, gtt. v—xxx. Musk, gr. v—3j. artificial, gr. x. tincture of, f3j. Mustard seed, (whole), 3ij—iv. powder, (emetic), 3j. Naphtha, wood, gtt. x—xv. Nightshade, decoction of, f3ij—iv. Nitrate of potassa, gr. v—xx. of silver, gr. \—iij. Nitre, sweet spirits of, f3ss—j. Nitric acid, gtt. iij—x. Nitro-muriatic acid, gtt. ij—x. Nitrous powders, gr. v—x. Nux vomica, extract of, gr. ss—ij. powder of, gr. v. tincture of, gtt. v—xx. Oil of amber, gtt. v—xv. of cajeput, gtt. ij—v. castor, f3ss—j. croton, gtt. ss—j. of cod liver, fgss—j. of cubebs, gtt. v—xx. of juniper, gtt. v—xv. of male fern, gtt. xx—f£j. of sassafras, gtt. ij—v. of turpentine, gtt. v—xx. of valerian, gtt. iv—vj. of wormseed, gtt. iv—viij. Opium, gr. j. elixir of, gtt. xxv. tincture of, gtt. xxv. acetated, gtt. xx. 344 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Opium, tincture, camphorated, f3j. vinegar of, gtt. x—xv. wine of, gtt. xxv. Oxymel of squills, f3j—ij. Parsley, infusion of, f3iv. Paregoric elixir, f^j. Peruvian bark, 3j- decoction of, f3ij. infusion of, fgij. extract of, gr. x— xxx. tincture of, f3j—iv. Phosphate of ammonia, gr. x—xx. of iron, gr. v—x. of soda, 3j. Phosphorus, gr. 1-16th. Pill, blue, gr. j—viij. Pink-root, powder of, gr. x—xxx. infusion of, f3ss—j. Pipsissewa, decoction of, f3ij. Pomegranate bark, powder of, 9j— 3ss. decoction of, f3j. Potassa, acetate of, 9j—3j- bicarbonate of, 3ss—j. bitartrate of, 3ss—j. carbonate of, gr. x—xxx. nitrate of, gr. v—xx. sulphate of, 3ss. tartrate of, 3ss—j. Potassium, iodide of, gr. v—xx. cyanide of, gr. £. iodo-hydrargyrate of, gtt. ij—v. Prussic acid (medicinal), gtt. j—ij. Protiodide of mercury, gr. ss—j. Pulvis antimonialis, gr. iij—viij. Doveri, gr. x. Quassia, extract of, gr. ij—v. infusion of, fgij. Quassia, tincture of, foj Quinia, sulphate of, gr. j—v. (impure), gr. v—x. and iron, citrate of, gr. ij— v. Rhubarb, powder of, gr. x—xxx. syrup of, f3j—ij. aromatic, f3j—ij. tincture of, f3ij—f3ss. Rhatany, extract of, gr. x—xv. tincture of, fgj—ij. Rochelle salts, 3ss—j. Sage, infusion of, f3j—ij. Sanguinaria. See Bloodroot. Sassafras, oil of, gtt. ij—v. Savin, powder of, gr. v—xx. oil of, gtt. ij—v. Sarsaparilla, decoc. of, f3iv. fluid extract of, f3j. syrup of, f3ss. compound, f3ss. Scabious, infusion of, f3ij. Scammony, gr. v—x. Secale cornutum. See Ergot. Seneka, infusion of, f3j—ij. powder of, gr. x—xx. syrup of, f3ss—j. Senna, confection of, 3j—3ss. infusion of, f3iv. fluid extract of, f3j. syrup of, f3j—f3ss. Simaruba, extract of, gr. ij—v. infusion of, f3ij. Silver, nitrate of, gr. \—iij. oxide of, gr. ij—iij. chloride of, gr. ij—iij. Soda, bicarbonate of, 9j—3j. carbonate of, gr. x—xxx. phosphate of, 3j. sulphate of, 3j. APPENDIX. 345 Spirit of nitre, sweet, f3ss—j. Spigelia, infusion of, f3ss—j. powder of, gr. x—xxx. Sponge, burnt, 3j—ij. powder of, gr. iij—x. Squill, powder of, gr. j—iij. oxymel of, f3j—ij. syrup of, f3j—ij. vinegar of, f3j- Strychnia, gr. l-12th—l-6th. Stramonium leaves, powder of, gr. ij—"j- extract of, gr. j. seeds, gr. j. extract of, gr. i__i 4 2" Sulphate of copper, gr. \. of iron, gr. j—v. of iron (dried), gr. ss—iij. of magnesia, 3j. of morphia, gr. 1-6. of potassa, 3ss—j. of quinia, gr. j—v. of soda, 3j. of zinc, gr. ss—ij. Sulphur, sublimed, 3j—ij. precipitated, 3j—ij. milk of, f3j—ij. Syrup of garlic, f3ss—j. of ginger, foj—f3ss. of poppies, f3J—f3ss. of rhatany, f3j—ij. of rhubarb, f3j—ij- of sarsaparilla, f3ss. of seneka, f3ss—j. of senna, f^j— f3ss. of squill, f3j—ij- of tolu, f3j. of wild cherry bark, f3j—ij- Tannin, gr. ij—iij- Tar-water, f3ij— iv. Taraxacum, extract of, 9j—3ss. Tartar, soluble, 3ss—j. cream of, 3ss—j. emetic, gr. j—iij. Tartrate of potassa and iron, gr. x —xxx. of potassa and soda, 3ss—j. of potassa, 3ss—j. Tin, powder of, 3j—3j. Tincture of aconite root, gtt. v. of aconite leaves, gtt. xx— xxx. of aloes, f3ss—jss. -of aloes and myrrh, f3j— ij- of assafoetida, f3j- of benzoin, f3ss—j. of black hellebore, f3j- of buchu, f3j. of cantharides, gtt. x— xxx. of capsicum, f3ss—j. of cinchona, f3j—iv. of cascarilla, f3j- of castor, f3j—ij. of catechu, f3ss—iij. of columbo, f3j. of colchicum, gtt. x—xxx. of cubebs, f3j. of digitalis, gtt. x—xx. of galls, f3j- of guaiac, f3j- of guaiac, ammon., f3j- of hemlock, gtt. xxx—f3j. of henbane, f3j- of hops, f3j—ij- of iodine, gtt. v—xx. of iodine comp., gtt. x— xl. of jalap, f3j—ij- of kino, f3ss—j. of lobelia, f3j—ij- 346 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Tincture of lupulin, f3j. of muriate of iron, gtt. x —xxx. of musk, f3j. of nux vomica, gtt. v—xx. of opium, gtt. xxv. of opium acetated, gtt. xx. of opium camphorated, f3j- of opium ammoniated, f3j. of quassia, f3j. of rhatany, f3j.—ij. of rhubarb, 3ij—f3ss. of rhubarb and aloes, f3ij —f3ss. of rhubarb and gentian, f3ij—f3ss. of rhubarb and senna, f3ij—f3ij- of senna, f3j—ij. of serpentaria, f3j—ij. of squill, gtt. xx—xl. of tolu, f3j—ij. of valerian, f3j—f3ss. of veratrum, gtt. iij—vj. Tolu, balsam of, gr. x—xxx. syrup of, f3j—f3ss. tincture of, f3j—ij. Turlington's balsam, f3ss—j. Turpentine, white, gr. x—3j. Canada, 3ss—3j- spirits (oil) of, gtt. v —xx. Turpeth mineral (emetic), gr. v. Uva ursi, powder of, gr. xx—3j. decoction, f3j—ij. Valerian, infusion of, f3ij. extract of, gr. j—v. oil of, gtt. iv—vj. tincture of, f3j—f3ss. " ammoniated, f3j —ij- Vallet's carbonate of iron, gr. v—x. Veratria, gr. l-16th—l-8th. Veratrum album, gr. iij—vj. tincture of, gtt. iij—vj. Vinegar of colchicum, gtt. xxx— f3ij- of opium, gtt. x—xv. of squill, f3j. Virginia snake-root, powder of, gr. X—xxx. infusion of, f3j—ij. tincture of, f3j—ij. Warner's gout cordial, f3ij—f^ij. Wormseed oil, gtt. iv—viij. White oak bark, decoction of, f3ij. extract of, gr. xx. Wild cherry bark, infusion of, f3ij. syrup of, f3j. Wine, antimonial, f3ss—j. of aloes, f3ij—iv. of colchicum, f3ss—j. of ergot f3j—iij. of ipecacuanha, f3ss—f3j. of iron, gtt. xx—f3J. of opium, gtt. xxv. Zinc, oxide of, gr. iij—v. sulphate of, gr. ss—ij. valerianate of, gr. j—ij. INDEX. The alphabetical arrangement adopted in the American Formulary renders a general index unnecessary, each article being easily found (under its Latin or officinal title) by reference to its initial letter. The following is a list of the English names of most of the articles mentioned in the work, together with the corresponding officinal titles. Acetic Acid, Acidum Aceticum. (Other Acids will be found under the title Acidum.) Aconite, Aconitum. Alder, black, Prinos. Almonds, bitter, Amygdala Amara. Almonds, sweet, Amygdala dulcis. Alum, Alumen. Amber, Succinum. American Centaury, Sabbatia. Ammoniac, Ammoniacum. Aniseed, Anisum. Antidotes. See Appendix II. Antimonial Wine, Vinum Antimonii. Arrow-root, Maranta. Arsenic, Acidum Arseniosum. Ash, prickly, Xanthoxylum. Balm, Melissa. Balsam of Peru, Myroxylon. Balsam of Tolu, Tolutanum. Bark, Peruvian, Cinchona. Bark, Winter's. Barley, Hordeum. Barley Water. See Appendix I. Baths, Balneum. 348 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Bearberry, Uva Ursi. Bittersweet, Dulcamara. Blackberry Root, Rubus Villosus. Black Drop, Acetum Opii. Blood-root, Sanguinaria. Borax, Sodce Boras. Bromide of Iron, Ferri Bromidum. Bromine, Brominum. Broom, Scoparius. Buchu, Diosma. Butter-nut, Juglans. Calomel, Hydrargyri Chloridum Mite. Camphor, Camphora. Caraway, Carum. Cardamom, Cardamomum. Carrageen, Chondrus. Carrot Seed, Carota. Castor Oil, Oleum Ricini. Catnip, Cataria. Cayenne Pepper, Capsicum. Cerates, Ceratum. Chalk, Creta. Chamomile Flowers, Anthemis. Charcoal, Carbo. Charcoal, Animal, Carbo Animalis. Cherry-laurel, Lauro-cerasus. Chloride of Gold, Auri Chloridum. Chlorine, Chlorinum. Cinnamon, Cinnamomum. Cloves, Caryophyllus. Cod-liver Oil, Oleum Morrhuce. Colocynth, Colocynthis. Colombo, Colomba. Confections, Confectio. Copaiva (Balsam of), Copaiba. Copper, Cuprum. Coriander, Coriandrum. Cowhage, Mucuna. Cranesbill, Geranium. Creasote, Creasotum. Cubebs, Cubeba. INDEX. Dandelion, Taraxacum. Decoctions, Decocta. Dewberry-Root, Rubus Trivialis. Dock, Rumex. Dog's Bane, Apocynum Androscemifolium. Dog-wood, Cornus Florida. Doses, estimated according to the age. See Appendix. Doses, Table of. See Appendix. Dover's Powder, Pulvis Ipecac, et Opii. Eau de Cologne, Aqua Coloniensis. Effervescing Draught. Haustus Effervescens. Egg, Ovum. Elder Berries. Sambucus. Elixir of Vitriol, Acidum Sulphuricum Aromaticum. " Proprietatis, Tinctura Aloes et Myrrhce. " Salutis, Tinctura Sennae et Jalapce. " Sacrum, Tinctura Rhei et Aloes. Epsom Salts, Magnesioz Sulphas. Ergot, Ergota. Ether, JEther. Ethiops Mineral, Hydrargyri Sulphuretum Nigrum, Extracts, Extracta. Fennel Seed, Fceniculum. Figs, Ficus. Figwort, knotty, Scrophularia Nodosa, Flaxseed, Linum. Flies, Spanish, Cantharis. " Potato, Cantharis vittata. Flour, Farina, Fowler's Solution, Liquor Potassce Arsenitis. Fox-glove, Digitalis. Friar's Balsam, Tine. Benzoini Composita. Galls, Oalla. Gamboge, Oambogia. Garlic, Allium. Ginger, Zingiber. Ginger, wild, Asarum. Ginseng, Panax. Glauber's Salts, Sodce Sulphas. 30 350 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Godfrey's Cordial. See under Tine Opii Camphorata. Gold, preparations of, Aurum. Goldthread, Coptis. Goulard's Cerate, Ceratum Plumbi Subacetatis. Goulard's Extract, Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis. Green Vitriol, Ferri Sulphas. Griffith's Antihectic Mixture, Mistura Ferri Composita. Gruel, Indian, Oatmeal, &c. See Appendix. Gum Arabic, Acacia. Hardhack, Spircea. Hellebore, American, Veratrum Viride. " Black, Helleborus. " White, Veratrum Album. Hemlock, Conium. Hemp, Indian, Apocynum Cannabinum. Hemp, Indian (Gunjah), Cannabis Indica. Henbane, Hyoscyamus. Hiera Picra, Pulvis Aloes et Canellce. Hive Syrup, Syrupus Scillce Compositus. Hoffman's Anodyne, Spiritus JEtheris Sulphurici Compositus. Honey, Mel. Honeys, Mellita. Hooper's Pills. See Pilulce Ferri cum Aloe. Hops, Humulus. Horehound, Marrubium. Horseradish, Armoracia. ,. Horsemint, Monarda. Hundred-leaved Rose, Rosa Centifolia. Hyponitrous Ether, JEth'r Nitrosus. Iceland Moss, Cetraria. Indian Hemp, Apocynum Cannabinum. Indian Physic, Gillenia. Indian Tobacco, Lobelia. Indian Turnip, Arum. Infusions, Infusa. Iodine, Iodinum. Iodine, Lugol's Solution of, Liquor Iodini Compositus. Ipecacuanha, American, Euphorbia Corollata. Iron, preparations of, Ferrum. Isinglass, Ichthyocolla. Isinglass Jelly. See Appendix. INDEX. 351 Jalap, Jalapa. James's Powder, Pulvis Antimonialis. Jerusalem Oak, Chenopodium. Jujube Paste, Pasta Jujubce. Juniper, Juniperus. Labarraque's Disinfecting Liquid, Liquor Sodce Chlorinatce. Lac Assafoetidae, Mistura Assafoetidae. Lac Sulphuris, Sulphur Prcecipitatum. Lactate of Iron, Ferri Lactas. Lady Webster's Pills. See Pilulae Stomachicse. Lancaster Black Drop. See Acetum Opii. Lard, Adeps. Larkspur, Delphinium. Laudanum, Tinctura Opii. Laudanum, Sydenham's, Vinum Opii. Lead, preparations of, Plumbum. Lead Plaster, Emplastrum Plumbi. Lead Water, Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis Dilutus. Leeches, Hirudo. Lemon-peel, Limonis Cortex. Lemons, Limon. Lenitive Electuary, Confectio Senna. Leopard's-bane, Arnica. Lettuce, Lactuca. Lime, Calx. Lime-water, Liquor Calcis. Liniments, Linimenta. Linseed, Linum. Linseed Oil, Oleum Lini. Liquorice, Extractum Glycyrrhizcc. Liquorice-root, Glycyrrhiza. Lisbon Diet Drink, Decoctum Sarsaparilla} Compositum. Litharge, Plumbi Oxidum Semivitreum. Litmus, Lacmus. Liverwort, Hepatica. Long Pepper, Piper Longum. Logwood, Haimatoxylon. Lozenges, Trochisci. Lunar Caustic, Argenti Citras. Lupulin, Lupulina. 352 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Mace, Macis. Madder, Rubia. Magistery of Bismuth, Bismuthi Subnitras. Magnesia Alba, Magnesia Carbonas. Male Fern, Filix Mas. Marble, Marmor. Marjoram, Common, Origanum. Marjoram, Sweet, Origanum Major ana. Marsh Trefoil, Menyanthes. Marshmallow, Altha'a. Martial Ethiops, Ferri Oxidum Nigrum. Mastich, Mastichc. May-apple, Podophyllum. May-weed, Colula. Measures and Weights. See Appendix. Medicated Waters, Aqua} Medicates. Mercury, Hydrargyrum. Milk of Assafoetidae, Mistura Assafoetidce. Milk of Sulphur, Sulphur Prwcipitatum. Mineral Tar, Petroleum. Mineral Waters, Table of. See Appendix. Mint, Mentha. Mixtures, Mistura;. Molasses, Syrupus Empyreumaticus. Monkshood, Aconitum. Mucilage, Mucilago. Mulberries, Morus. Mullein Leaves, Verbascum Thapsus. Muriatic Acid, Acidum Muriaticum. Musk, Moschus. Musk, Artificial, Moschus Artificialis. Mustard, Sinapis. Myrrh, Myrrha. Neat's-foot Oil, Oleum Bubulum. Neroli, Oleum Florum Aurantii. Neutral Mixture, Liquor Potassce Citratis. Nightshade, deadly, Belladonna. " woody, Dulcamara. Nitre, Potassa; Nitras. Nitric Acid, Acidum Nitricum. Nitrous Powders. See Pulveres Diaphorcticoe. Nutmeg, Myristica. INDEX. Oak bark, black, Quercus Tinctoria, " white, Quercus Alba. Oils, distilled, Olea Destillata. Oils, fixed, Olea Fixa. Ointments, Unguenta. Olive oil, Oleum Olivce. Opodeldoc, Linimentum Saponis Camphoratum. Orange-flower Water, Aqua Aurantii. Orange-peel, Aurantii Cortex. Orgeat Syrup, Syrupus Amygdala}. Orris, Florentine, Iris Florentina. Otto of Roses, Oleum Rosce. Ox-gall, Fel Bovinum. Oyster-shell, prepared, Testa Praeparata. Paregoric Elixir, Tinctura Opii Camphorata. Parsley-root, Petroselinum. Partridge-berry, Gaultheria. Peach Leaves, Amygdalus Persica. Pearl barley, Hordeum Perlatum. Pearlash, Potassce Carbonas Impurus. Pearson's Arsenical Solution, Liquor Sodce Arseniatis. Pennyroyal, Hedeoma. Pepper, black, Piper. Peppermint, Mentha Piperita. Persimmon, Diospyros. Pills, Pilulce. Pink-root, Spigelia. Pipsissewa, Chimaphila. Pitch, Burgundy, Pix Abietis. " Canada, Pix Canadensis. Pitch Plaster, Emplastrum Picis. Plantain, Plantago. Plasters, Emplastra. Pleurisy-root, Asclepias Tuberosa. Plummer's Pills. Pil. Hydrarg. Chloridi Composita.. Poison-oak, Toxicodendron. Poke (berries and root), Phytolacca. Poplar, Populus. Poppy capsules, Papaver. Potato Flies, Cantharis Vittata. 30* 354 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Powders, Pulveres. Prepared Chalk, Creta Praparata. Prepared Oyster-shell, Testa Praparata. Preservation of Vegetables, Vegetabilium Praparatio. Prickly Ash, Xanthoxylum. Pride of China, Azederach. Prunes, Prunum. Prussian Blue, Ferri Ferrocyanuretum. Prussic Acid, Acidum Hydrocyanicum. Puccoon, Sanguinaria. Pulps, Pulpa. Purging Cassia, Cassia Fistula. Purging Flax, Linum Catharticum. Quicklime, Calx. Quicksilver, Hydrargyrum. Quince Seeds, Cydonia. Quinia, preparations of, Quinia Acetas, §c. Raisins, Uva Passa. Raspberry Syrup. See Syrupus Mori. Red Precipitate, Hydrargyri Oxidum Rubrum. Red Roses, Rosa Gallica. Resin, Resina. Resin Cerate (Basilicon), Ceratum Resina. Rhatany, Krameria. Rhubarb, Rheum. Rochelle Salts, Soda et Potassa Tartras. Rock Oil, Petroleum.. Rose Water, Aqua Rosa. Rosemary, Rosmarinus. Rue, Ruta. Rufus' Pills, Pil. Aloes et Myrrha. Rust of Iron, Rubigo Ferri. Saffron, Crocus. Sage, Salvia. Saline Mixture, Liquor Potassa Citratis. Saline Waters. See Appendix. Saunders, red, Santalum. Savine, Sabina. Scabious, Erigeron Philadelphicum. INDEX. Sea Water. See Appendix (Mineral Waters). Seneka, Senega. Silver, preparations of, Argentum. Simple Cerate, Ceratum Simplex. Skunk Cabbage, Dracontium. Slippery Elm Bark, Ulmus. Snakeroot, black, Cimicifuga. button, Eryngium. Canada, Asarum. Seneka, Senega. Virginia, Serpentaria. Soap, Sapo. Soap Liniment, Tinctura Saponis Camphorata. Soap Plaster, Emplastrum Saponis. Soluble Tartar, Potassa Tartras. Soot, Fuligo. Sorrel, Rumex. Spa Water. See Appendix (Mineral Waters). Spanish Flies, Cantharis. Spearmint, Mentha Viridis. Spermaceti, Cetaceum. Spiced Syrup of Rhubarb, Syrupus Rhei Aromaticus. Spirits, Spiritus. Spurred Rye, Ergota. Squill, Scilla. Starch, Amylum. Stavesacre, Staphisagria. Storax, Styrax. Strengthening Plaster, Emplastrum Roborans. Stronger Solution of Ammonia, Liquor Ammonia Fortior. Suet, Sevum. Sugar, Saccharum. Sulphuretted Hydrogen, Acidum Hydrosulphuricum. Sulphuric Acid, Acidum Sulphuricum. Sulphuric Ether, JEther Sulphuricus. Sumach, Rhus Glabrum. Sweet Almonds, Amygdala Dulcis. Sweet Flag, Calamus. Sweet Marjoram, Origanum Major ana. Sweet Spirits of Nitre, Spiritus JEtheris Nitrici. Syrups, Syrupi. 356 AMERICAN MEDICAL FORMULARY. Tables. For Tables of Weights and Measures ; of Doses of Medi- cines ; of Mineral Waters, &c, see Appendix. Tannin, Acidum Tannicum. Tansy, Tanacetum. Tar, Pix Liquida. Tar Water, Aqua Picis Liquida. Tartar Emetic, Antimonii et Potassa Tartras. Thorn-apple, Stramonium. Tin, Stannum. Tinctures, Tinctura. Tobacco, Tabacum. Tous les Mois, Canna. Tragacanth, Tragccantha. Troches, Trochisci. Tulip-tree Bark, Liriodendron. Turlington's Balsam, Tinctura Benzoini Composita. Turmeric, Curcuma. Turpentine, Terebinthina. Turpentine, Spirits of, Oleum Terebinthina. Tutty Ointment, Unguentum Tutia. Valerian, Valeriana. Vallet's Ferruginous Pills, Pilula Ferri Carbonatis. Verjuice, Succus Malorum. Vinegar, Acetum. Vinegar, Aromatic, Acetum Aromaticum. Vinegars, Medicated, Aceta. Violet, Viola. Virginia Snake-root, Serpentaria. Vitriolated Tartar, Potassa Sulphas. Volatile Liniment, Linimentum Ammonia. Volatile Oils, Olea Volatilia. Volatile Salts, Ammonia Carbonas. Wade's Balsam, Tinctura Benzoini Composita. Walnut, White, Juglans Cinerea. Warming Plaster, Emplastrum Calefaciens. Warner's Gout Cordial, Tinctura Rhei et Senna. Water, Aqua. Water, Distilled, Aqua Destillata. Water of Ammonia, Liquor Ammonia. Waters, Distilled, Aqua Destillata. INDEX. Waters, Medicated, Aqua Medicata. Wax, White, Cera Alba. " Yellow, Cera Flava. White Arsenic, Acidum Arseniosum. White Mustard Seed, Sinapis Alba. White Hellebore, Veratrum Album. White Lead, Plumbi Carbonas. White Oxide of Bismuth, Bismuthi Subnitras. White Precipitate, Hydrargyrum Ammoniatum. White Sugar, Saccharum. White Vitriol, Zinci Sulphas. White Walnut, Juglans Cinerea. White Wax, Cera Alba. Wild Chamomile, Cotula. Wild-cherry Bark, Prunus Virginiana. Wild Cucumber, Elaterium. Wild Ginger, Asarum. Willow, Salix. Wine, Vinum. Wines, Medicated, Vina. Wines, Table of. See Appendix. Winter's Bark, Wintera. Wistar's Cough Lozenges, Trochisci Glycyrrhiza et Opii. Wood-sorrel, Acetosella. Worm-seed, Chenopodium. Worm-wood, Absinthium. Yeast Poultice, Cataplasma Fermenli. Yellow-root, Xanthorrhiza. Yellow Sulphate of Mercury, Hydrargyri Sulphas Flavus. Yellow Wax, Cera Flava. Zinc, Preparations of, Zincum. Zittman's Decoction, Decoctum Zittmani. MEDICAL BOOKS RECENTLY PUBLISHED BY LINDSAY & BLAKISTON, PHILADELPHIA. (JUST READY.) The Druggist's General Receipt Book: BY HENRY BEASLEY. Comprising a Copious Veterinary Formulary and Veterinary Materia Medica; Patent and Proprietary Medicines, Druggists' Nostrums; Per- fumery, Skin Cosmetics, Hair Cosmetics, and Teeth Cosmetics; Beverages, Dietetic Articles, and Condiments; Trade Chemicals, Miscellaneous Pre- parations and Compounds used in the Arts, &c One Volume, 12mo. CAZEAUX'S GREAT WORK ON MIDWIFERY. (JUST READY.) A Theoretical and Practical Treatise on Midwifery, Including the- Diseases of Pregnancy and Parturition. BY P. CAZEAUX, Adjunct Professor of the Faculty of Medicine of Paris, &c Translated from the Second French Edition, with occasional Notes, and a copious Index, by Robert P. Thomas, M.D., Member of the Philadelphia County Medical Society, &c, &c. A Coloured Frontispiece, and 116 Woodcut Illustrations. publishers' advertisement. The great value of this work has been sufficiently attested by its adop- tion as a Text Book by the Royal Council of Public Instruction in France, and the very favourable opinion expressed of it by many members of the medical profession in this country, during its progress through the press; the publishers therefore confidently offer it as a valuable accession to the medical literature of the United States. RANKING'S Half-Yearly Abstract of the Medical Sciences, Published half-yearly, 75 cts. per number, $1 50 per year. BOUND VOLUMES of this valuable Digest of Medical Literature can be furnished at a small additional cost; also back numbers to complete sets. Anaesthesia: Or, the Employment of Chloroform and Ether, in Surgery, Midwifery, &c By J. Y. Simpson, m.d., f.r.s., Professor of Midwifery in the Uni- versity of Edinburgh, &c, &c " This timely and useful book contains a vindication of the new me- thods of annihilating pain, in the practice of Surgery, &c ; and although addressed to the profession alone, yet the subject is so interesting that it will be highly acceptable to every class of readers." CHEMICAL TEXT BOOKS. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Manipulations: A Manual of the Mechanical and Chemico-iNIechanical Operations of the Laboratory: Containing a complete description of the most approved Apparatus, with Instructions as to their Application and Management, both in the Manufacturing Process and in the more exact details of Analysis and Accurate Research. BY CAMPBELL MOREIT, Practical and Analytical Chemist, author of "Applied Chemistry," &c, &c, assisted by Alexander Muckle, Chemical Assistant in Professor Booth's Laboratory. In one volume, 8vo., with over 400 illustrations. "This work is one that ought to be in the hands of every student of Pharmacy and Chemistry. It contains a variety and amount of informa- tion for which he will seek in vain in any of the professed treatises on Chemistry. The author has had in his mind the admirable treatises of Prof. Faraday, and has given in a condensed form nearly all that is valu- able for ordinary use in that work, besides much original matter and much collected from other sources—all of which has been rendered far more useful and intelligible by the aid of excellent illustrations."—American Journal of Pharmacy. " The object of this work has been accomplished in a manner creditable to the author as an expert and careful analysis, and exhibits throughout a familiarity with the minutiae of detail, and the necessity in all cases of acquiring habits of strict attention to care and order in these, as can only be acquired by constant operation in the laboratory itself."—American Medical Journal. Chemical Analysis, Qualitative and Quantitative, BY HENRY M. NOAD, Lecturer on Chemistry at St. George's Hospital; author of " Lectures on Electricity," "Lectures on Chemistry,"&c, &c. With numerous addi- tions, by Campbell Morfit, Practical and Analytical Chemist; author of "Chemical and Pharmaceutic Manipulations," and co-editor of the "Encyclopedia of Chemistry." With illustrations, in one volume, demi-octavo. " This work is a very valuable one on many accounts, both to the ex- perienced chemist and student. The American edition is much superior to the London one, both on account of the typography and the additions which have been made to it."—Scientific American. " This work will be found to supply the student of practical chemistry with a thorough teacher and guide, amid all the varied and intricate pro- cesses of chemical analysis."—North American. ELEMENTS OF GENERAL PATHOLOGY, A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE CAUSES, FORMS, SYMPTOMS, AND RESULTS OF DISEASE. ALFRED STILLE, M . D . bcturer on Pathology aud the Practice of Medicine in the Philadelphia Medical Association, &c. &e " It is a real and valuable addition to our medical literature; conceived and executed a the best spirit of medical philosophy, inculcating facts that are known and proven, nth scarce any admixture of doubtful hypothesis, and therefore a safe and proper book o place in the hands of a student. We are happy, also, to have it in our power to speak thus highly of an original American book. Of translations, republications, and compilations, we have an abun- lance ; but it is with a prouder feeling that we receive a sterling native production like he present, and point to it as proof that our country contains sound and accomplished ihysicians, imbued with a true notion of the importance of their science, and compe- ent to produce works which are really ornaments to medical literature."—The Ameri- ca Medical Journal, Oct., 1848. " Dr. Stille has supplied a want which we, at least, as a public teacher, have long elt. The Introductory Essay on medical truth, its nature, sources and means of attain- lent, is finely written, and contains much important truth. The author presents to us very extensive and very rich bill of fare, and we can say in all sincerity, if every one lerives as much pleasure and satisfaction from the feast as we have done, a second dition will soon be called for. To the young physician it is especially valuable. It fill teach him how to investigate his cases methodically and thoroughly, the general ules that should guide him in his diagnosis and prognosis, and the manner of conduci- ng his post-mortem examinations so as to profit instead of confusing him. Again ve say, as our best recommendation of the book, buy it."—Ohio Medical and Surgical Journal. From Harvey Lindsley,M. D., Prof, of Pathology and Practice of Medicine, Medical Department, Columbia College, Washington, D. C. " I have examined with some care the 'Elements of General Pathology,'by Dr. Stille, and take pleasure in testifying to the ability and accuracy displayed in the work. jit is conectly stated by the author in his preface, that such a work was a desideratum h English medical literature, and it was one seriously felt by all who, like myself, had iccasion to lecture on the subject of Pathology. I trust the undertaking will be exten- sively and liberally patronized by the Profession." From H. Gibbons, M. D.,Prof. Institutes oj Medicine and Medical Jurisprudence, Philadelphia College of Medicine. '•' I have read with much satisfaction Dr. Stille's ' Elements of General Pathology.5 The work fills an important niche in the library of the American physician, in which io other book will tit. I have no doubt it will be highly acceptable, not only to the student, but to practioners." From Geo. Mendenhall, M. D., Lecturer on Pathology, fyc, fyc, Cincinnati, O. " I have carefully perused it, and am highly pleased with the work, as supplying a deficiency in our English literature on that subject, particularly in the departments of Diagnosis and Semeiology. It ought to be patronized by American students and prac- titioners. I esteem it much, and will cheerfully recommend it to such students as I can influence. It ought to be in the hands of all students, and carefully studied by them." " We consider the volume before us a work of great merit. Pathology is a subject which has been too much neglected by the profession, in the United States. The author jmtly remarks, in his preface, that "he is convinced that among the most serious de- fects in the present system of medical education, are an almost total neglect of logical infclysis, and a tendency, where generalization is at all encouraged, to speculate on fanci- ful analogies, rather than to extract truth from facts."—Missouri Med. aad Surg. Jour. " It bears internal evidence that the author is an accurate observer, a careful, as well (•diligent student,and a philosophical thinker. It contains much valuable information; it inculcates a true scientific spirit, and is written in a perspicuous, chaste, and even elpsrar* «tvlp\"—Buffalo Med. Jour, and Monthly Review. ELEMENTS OF THE PRINCIPLES AB1D PRACTICE OF MIDWIFERY, BY DAVID H. TUCKER, M. D., Professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine, and late Professor of Midwifery in the Franklin Medical College, Philadelphia. WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS. From Jas. P. White, M. D., Prof, of Obstetrics, fyc, University of Buffalo. " It brings the student down to the present hour in the theory of generation, and em- braces all the improvements of modern practice in Surgical Midwifery, and so far as I am aware, furnishes the most complete and systematic work of its size now extant. The illustrations are appropriate and well executed." From W. P. Johnston, M. D., Prof, of Obs., Nat. Med. College, Washington, D. C. " I have been very favourably impressed with the manner in which Dr. Tucker has performed his task. In a small compass, he has condensed all that relates to practical Midwifery, including a clear and accurate description of the more modern physiological views relating to menstruation, generation, the developement of the ovum, ice. I con- sider the work of Dr. Tucker as a useful addition to what we already have upon mid- wifery. From John Wiltbank, M. D., Prof, of Obstetrics, fyc, Penna. Med. Col. "I have read Prof. Tucker's work on the Principles of Midwifery with much satis- faction. He has given, in a small compass, a large amount of valuable knowledge upon the art and science of Midwifery. It is the only book with which I am acquainted that contains an account of the recent improvements in this branch of medicine; the student will here find the new views that have been broached upon certain physiological and pathological principles, that now occupy the attention of obstetricians, set forth with clearness and precision, together with a concise description of all the improvements in the obstetric art which have received the sanction of the profession. From C. R. Gilman, M. D., Prof, of Obs. A>c, Col. Phy. and Surg.,N. Y. " I have received the copy of Tucker's Midwifery, and have given the work such an examination as satisfies me of its merit. It is really an excellent work; the views of the best authorities upon all points, both theoretical and practical, seem to have been carefully studied, and are presented with very great clearness and simplicity. I shall recommend the book to my class. The mechanical execution of it does you great credit. I shall look with great pleasure for the future volumes of your library, which, I hope, will succeed each other rapidly." From M. M. Patten, M. D., Prof, of Obs., ice, St. Louis University, Med. Depart. " I have looked over with some attention, the copy of Tucker's Midwifery, and 1 am pleased to bear testimony to its merits. It brings up to the present time, the state of Obstetrical Science in a concise and pleasing style. To the student, and also to the practitioner, who has not leisure to consult the various authorities on many new and interesting discoveries which have been lately made in this department of medicine, the work will be a valuable acquisition." From Walter Chauning, M. D., Prof, of Obs., fyc, Med. Col., Harvard University. " Let me now say, that the plan of the work is excellent. That the authorities which are quoted, deserve the highest professional confidence; and that from the free- dom of quotation, the physician here is made fully acquainted with opinions of men abroad, who deserve the sincerest respect." " The treatise of Dr. Tucker is confessedly a compilation from the works of the standard writers on Obstetrics. In the execution of it, the author has exhibited con- siderable judgment, and by the skilful arrangement and weaving together of his mate- rials, has given to the work all the oneness and completeness of an original treatise. The wood-cut illustrations are numerous and well executed, while the mechanical exe- cution of the whole work is deserving of praise."—Am. Jour, for April, 1848. " This manual of Midwifery, is one of the best with which we are acquainted, and, with the author, we indulge the hope that it may prove useful to the medical student, for whom it is especially intended. Each subject treated of by the author has been ably done, and the latest authorities, in every instance, fairly alluded to. The pub- lishers deserve much credit for the manner in which this work has been got up. The paper, printing, and cuts, are unusually good."—Annalist. March 1 i«/ie MINOR SURGERY, DRESSINGS, ETC, THE PRACTICE OF SURCxERY, EMBRACING MINOR SURGERY, THE APPLICATION OF DRESSINGS, &c. BY JOHN HASTINGS, M.D., Lecturer on Surgical Anatomy, Operative Surgery, &c. With 140 Illustrations. " The present work differs, we think, in several respects from any of its predecessors: it is neither prolix nor very brief; but occupying a place midway between the two extremes, it seems to fill a place hereto- fore unoccupied ; it is intermediate between those smaller works on minor surgery, and the most lengthy text-books of the day. It embraces enough of minor surgery to be useful to the young practitioner, and enough of the principles of that department to bring it up to the dignity of even the more advanced practitioner. The author, in his very modest preface, hopes that the work may serve as a guide-book to the student and young practitioner; and in this hope we trust he may not be disappointed, and he certainly will not be, if the attention of the profession is properly directed to his work. "In addition to the merits of the work, we should not forget that it is the production of our own countryman, and that it is a sacred obligation resting upon us to give him our aid and countenance, so far as the merits of his production will warrant such a preference. In any view of the ' subject, therefore, we cheerfully commend Dr. Hastings' excellent little volume to the favourable notice of our countrymen—but especially to students—believing that it will prove useful to a large class of pupils and practitioners. We trust the publishers will meet with ample remu- neration. It will be remembered that they have engaged in an effort to supply a series of text-books by American authors,—and this is one of that series."—Western Lancet. NEW A .V D IMPROVED E D I T I O X. RAR.TH 8l R.OGER.S' MANUAL OF AUSCULTATION AND PERCUSSION, TRANSLATED BY F. G. SMITH, M. D. Lecturer on Physiology, Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, &c. A Second Edition with Additions. "On the whole, there is no better or more succinct account of this im- portant branch of medical diagnosis, than the manual of MM. Barth and Rogers. The arrangement of its contents is natural and lucid, and the reasoning of its authors is marked by a mathematical conciseness and precision" which enable the reader to follow their analysis with the most perfect satisfaction; it has been translated into various languages, and already reached a second edition in this country."—Medical Examiner. A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DISEASES OF CHILDREN, BY J, FORSYTH MEIGS, JO. Lecturer on the Diseases of Children, in the Philadelphia Medical Association, and Fellow of the College 01 Physicians of Philadelphia. Dr: Meigs' descriptions of diseases are clear and concise; his pathological views are, in the main, sound, and his practical directions plain, simple and judicious. His work ia far from being a mere compilation from the best authorities, or a simple array of the various and often discordant views of the leading writers on the diseases of children. He has, with judgement, selected his materials, testing them, in most instances, by the result of his own experience, and endeavouring throughout, to present an exact expo- ution of the present state of our knowledge on the several forms of diseases of which le treats."—Amer. Med. Jour., Oct., 1848. j " The author is a son of the eminent Professor of Obstetrics in Jefferson Medical College, and, like him, is distinguished for his ardent devotion to obstetrics, and to the ] study and treatment of the diseases of women and children. In the preparation of the' work no pains has been spared to make it both methodical and accurate, and as com- i plete as the limits of the series would allow. * The reader will find it to contain, in a brief compass, the most approved views o modern authoritative writers, expressed in plain and appropriate language."—Medicai Examiner. " One of its essential recommendations is, it is not necessary to ramble through a forest of propositions to find the thing sought; the definition, for example, synonymes,| causes, nature of the disease, symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment, follow.' each other in an orderly manner, so that there is no confusion in the general arrange- ment, and therefore none likely to be engendered in the mind of the reader. For students, we cannot divest ourselves of the idea, that this work is precisely what they need."—British Med. and Surg. Journal. " We have given the greater part of the work a careful perusal, and in our opinion, it is a production in every way creditable to the author. That he has prosecuted personal observation in a careful, philosophical manner, and turned his opportunities to the best account, the work bears evidence. His arrangement of topics, and the practical conclu- sions at which he arrives, appear to us to be sound and judicious. Moreover, the work embodies, in a small compass, the most valuable precepts of the most approved mo- dern authorities, on the subjects of which it treats."—Buffalo Med. Jour, for August. " The diseases are arranged (and very properly, as we think,) according to the sys- tems which they affect; and the work is both methodical and accurate, and as com plete as the limits of the series will allow. The author has freely availed himself o. the labours of others, with due acknowledgement, and especially of those of Rilliet and Barthez, and has incorporated with the text not a little practical experience of hii own. He has produced, we think, a very sensible, accurate, and useful volume, which we unhesitatingly recommend to all who may need a compendium of truly practical character, upon this interesting and important branch of Medical Science. Dr. Meigs, we think, deserves great credit and many thanks, for the good service he has done to humanity and to the profession, for the lucid, able, scientific and practical compilation he has made of what was best known upon the subject, not less than for the additions he has made from his own experience to the common stock."—" The Annalist." "The work is throughout systematic, well written, and highly creditable to the author; and may be read profitably by every practitioner and student in the coun- try."— N. Y. 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