N529 1831 £§§§? JO AHV11I1 IVNOIiVN 3NI3 9N I 3 IOIH L LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONA J 1IVHI1 1VNOI1VN 3 N I 3 IQ 3W JO ADVUBIT 1 V N O I J. V N 0 H»l!ll lVNOU»N 3NI3I03W JO HVIII1 1VNOI1YN 3 N I 3 I 0 3 W J i < I >| IBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL L 0 ilVllll 1YN0I1YN JNI3I01W dO LIVIill 1YNOI1YN 3 N I 3 I Q 3 W J 0 A » V II II 1VNOI1VN 3N I 3 I a 3 W JO AHYItll 1VNOI1VN 3NI3I03W i A NEW COLLECTION ■MB* OF GENUINE RECEIPTS, FOR THE PREPARATION AND EXECUTION OF Knteresttitfl SHppertmntts, MEDICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS, DOMES- TIC AND AGRICULTURAL ; Which are well explained, and warranted genuine, and may be performed easily, safely, and at little expense. TO WHICH IS ADDED, A COMPLETE AND MUCH APPROVED SYSTEM OF DYEING, ^est*: fW ALL ITS VARIETIES*vVft>* '*X/./V _____r%**TZo*\ Stereotype edition. * J\, ----------~""'W *w ■* 4S bostoiht : ••«•»*— published by charles gaylord. 1831. I mi GENUINE INVAIUABIE RECEIPTS. To Burnish with Gold. Make a sizing by boiling the skins of beaver and musk-rats, (which may be easily procured at a hat manufactory,) in water, till at is of sufficient strength, that, by cooling, it will become a jelly, and will support a common leaden bullet on its surface. Strain the liquor, and give your work one coat of it, while warm, with a brush; when this is dry, add a little fine whiting to the sizing, and give the work one coat of this; then add as much whiting as will work freely under the brush, Mnd lay on five or six coats of this, allowing it to dry each time. Smooth the work by wetting and rubbing it with pummice stone, and afterwards with sand paper. Take some burnish gold-size (which is composed of pipe clay, black lead and castile soap, but may be procured ready made,) and dilute it with water and the above mentioned sizing, equal quantities, and give the work three successive coats of this; when the last is dry, dip a camel hair pencil in some rum and water, and with it wet a small part of the work, and immedi- ately, while it is flowing, lay on a leaf of gold, brushing it down with a very soft camel hair brush; proceed thus till the whole is gilt, and let it dry Then with a flint burnisher, rub over the whole, carefully, till you bring it to a perfect polish, and the work is finished. 4 GENUINE RECEIPTS. To Enamel Picture Glasses. The glass must be washed perfectly clean and dried; then damp it by breathing on it, or wet it with the tongue, and immediately lay on a leaf of gold, and brush it down very smooth. When this is dry, draw any letters or flowers on the gold with Brunswick blacking, and when dry, the su-- perrluous gold may be "brushed off with cotton, leaving the figure entire. Afterward the whole may be covered with blacking, or painted in any colour, While the gold figures will appear to advan- tage on the opposite side of the glass To Wash Iron or Steel with Gold. Mix together one part of nitric acid, and two parts of muriatic acid, in a phial, and add gold leaf as much as the acid will dissolve. (This so- lution is called the nitro-muriate of gold.) Pour over this solution cautiously, about hall" as much sulphuric ether; shake the mixture, and then al- low it to settle. The ether will take the gold from the acid, and will separate itself from it also, and form an upper stratum in the phial. Carefully pour off this auriferous either, into another phial. Any piece of polished steel, or iron, may be washed over with this ether, and iniiiicdiatciy plunged into cold water, and it will have acquired a coat of pure gold, the beauty of which may be increased by burnishing,—In some cases it may be well .to heat the iron moderately in a fire, previous to bur- nishing. To Wash Brass or Copper with Silver. To half an ounce of nitric acid, in a phial, add GENUINE RECEIPTS. 5 one ounce of water and two drachms of good sil- ver. It will soon be dissolved, and if the acid and metal are both pure, the solution, (which is called nitrate of silve-r,) will be colourless. Add to the solution rather more tartrate of potass than will dissolve. Then dip a piece of. soft leather in the solution, and rub it on the metal till it is dry; the metal may thus be handsomely silvered.—An- other method is, to put some pieces of copper into the solution of silver, which will throw down the silver in a state of metallic powder. Fifteen or twenty grains of this powder, are mixed with two drachms of tartrate of potass, two drachms of muriate of soda, and half a drachm of alum. The metal is first washed with nitric acid, and immedi- ately plunged into clear water, and is then rubbed over with this composition till it is thoroughly sil- vered. Ornamental Bronze Gilding. The ground on which bronze ornaments are to be formed, must be varnished with a mixture of copal varnish and old linseed oil. When this is dry, it will adhere slightly to any dry substance that is pressed against it. Whatever figures you intend to bronze, must be represented by holes cut through pieces of paper. Lay these patterns on the work, but not press them down any more than is requisite to keep the paper in its place. Then take a piece of soft deer skin leather, and dip it in some dry bronze (gold in powder) and apply it to the figures, beginning at the edges; tap the figure gently with the leather, and the bronze will stick to the varnish according to the shape of the pat- tern. Thus any figure may be produced, in a va- 6 GEiNUUNE RECEIPTS riety of shades, by applying the bronze more free- ly to some parts of the work, than to others. If some internal parts of the figures, require to be more distinct than others, they may be wrought with different patterns, or may be edged with dark paint. The work must afterwards have one or moie coats of copal or shellac varnish. To give Wood a Gold, Silver, or Copper Lustre. Grind about two ounces of white beach sand, very fine in a gill of water, in which half an ounce of gum arabic has been dissolved, and brush over the work with it. When this is dry, the work may be rubbed over with a piece of gold, silver or copper, and will, in a measure, assume their re- spective colours and brilliancy. To Print Gold Letters on Morocco. First wet the morocco with the whites of eggs; when this is dry, rub the work over with a little olive oil, and lay on gold leaves. Then take some common printing t)pes, and heat them to the tem- perature of boiling water, and impress whatever letters you choose, on the gold. Rub the whole with a piece of flannel, and the superfluous gold will come off, leaving the letters entire. To Dye Silk a Brilliant Gold Colour. To one gill of water in a common flask, add one ounce of clean iron filings, or granulated zinc, and half an ounce of sulphuric acid.. Hydrogen gas will be evolved from the water, and rise through the neck of the flask, which must not be •topped. Take a piece of white silk and immerse GENUINE RECEIPTS. 7 it in some nitro muriate of gold, which has been diluted with three parts of water, to one of acid; and immediately, while the silk is wet, expose it to the current of gas, as it rises from the flask; the g; Id will immediately be revived, and the silk will become beautifully and permanently gilt To Dye Silk a Brilliant Silver Colour. Proceed as in the last experiment; only use the nitrate of silver, instead of the nitro-muriate of gold. Any letters or flowers may be drawn on the silk, with a camel hair pencil, dipped in the solution, and on being exposed to the action of the gas, will be revived and shine with metallic brilliancy. Note.—If a jar or box be filled with hydrogen gas, and the silk be suspended in it, the action of the gas, and consequently the revivification of the metal will be more uniform. Water proof Gilding and Silvering. Grind one ounce of white lead, and two ounces of litharge, very fine in a gill of old linseed oil; expose this to the sun for a week in an open vessel; then add as much spirits of turpentine as will make it work freely with a brush, or camel hair pencil. Whatever letters, or flowers you wish to gild, must be first drawn with this sizing, and when dry, lay on gold or silver leaves smoothly over the whole, pressing them down with soft cotton; then brush over the whole lightly with cotton or a soft brush, and the superfluous leaf will be brushed off, leav- ing the figures entirely gilt by the leaf adhering to the sizing. Note.—The.leaves of gold or silver may be spread on a piece of soff leather and cut 8 GENUINE RECEIPTS. into pieces by drawing a smooth edged knife over them;—and the pieces may be conveyed to their places on the work, by means of a small block or knife, covered with soft woolen cloth, which being pressed gently on the pieces, takes them from the leather; and again being pressed on the sizing, leaves them there. For a Malignant Sore Throat. [By Dr. Jacob Ogden, Jamaica, Long hi. Take Seneka rattlesnake root, Virginia snake root, two ounces, calomus aromaticus, the roots-of wild valerian, tops of rue, the flowers of English camomile each one ounce, cinnamon, myrrh, Rez- in of Guaic. Brittish Saffron, Balsam Capev. pre- pared Crab's eyes, and Arminian bole, each half an ounce. Ginger and Opium each two drachms Maderia wine, enough to dissolve the opium, and of clarified honey, thrice the weight of all the pow- ders. ■ To a child of one year old 15 grains of the Trea- cle and 2 or 3 grains of Calom. To 8 years old, 1-2 drachm and 4 or 5 grains of calom. To a grown person, near 2 drachms and 6 or 8 grains of calom.—repeat every 12, 16, 20 or 24 hours. Drink strong sage tea, acidulated with vinegar— keep the patient warm by avoiding the cold air— a little murcury may be given in the intervals, if the urgency of the symptoms require it. Another Cure for the Throat Distemper Purge with calomel, then take Borax, bole Ar- menic, and Sang. Draconis of each an equal quantity; when finely powdered, i~> a quarter of an GENUINE RECEIPTS. 9 ounce of that mixture, add 3 gills of vinegar and 4 ounces of honey, which shake well together for a Gargle, and use it warm every two hours. Polipus in the AW. Take blood root powdered fine, and used as snuff, will cure. For the Ulcers. Take 4 ounces honey, tinct. of myrrh and vine- gar, of each an ounce, loaf sugar, two ounces, Bo- rax and balsam sulphur, of each half an ounce— mix this to a balsam with the yolk of an egg, with a rag tied to a skewer to cleanse and anoint the ul- cers after every gargling. Whooping Cough. Tak( a wine glass of rum, and a little spirits of turpentine, shake well together, rub the child by the fiie gently down the neck and chin,, night and morning; in a few days the cough will be cured. Another. Take dried Colts foot, a good handful, cut it fine and boil it in a pint of spring water, to half a pint, when almost cold, strain it and squeezing the herb a,s dry as you can. Dissolve in it half an ounce of sugar candy finely powdered, add one spo n'ul and a half of tincture of Liquorice. Give a child one spoonful 3 or 4 times a day and more to a grown person. It will cure in three or tour days. A Moidh-icash for the Canker. Take sage, rose leaves, blue violets, a li fle ak'tn and honey. 10 GENUINE RECEIPTS. Mel Puffer's Cure for the Bite of a Rattle Snake. As soon as may be after the person is bit, cut a gash in the place bitten, as deep as the teeth went, and fill it with fine salt—take common plaintain, or strong brine, bruise it, add a little water, squeeze out the juice and mix it with clear water, make a brine with salt and the juice, till it will not dissolve the salt; then apply a linen bandage, above the swelling, but not too tight, keep it wet with the brine for it will dry very fast—stroke the part with the hand towards the cut, as hard as can be borne, and you will soon see the poison and virulent mat- ter flow out of the cut; and if it flows so fast as to swell below the cut, you must cut below, to give vent to the matter, and it will not leave running till all is discharged. Move the bandage downwards as the swelling abates. Give the patient sweet oil, saffron or snake root to defend the stomach. It often bleeds after the poison is out, which is a good sign, care must be taken, that none of the virulent matter get to any raw flesh. Mr. Puffer has cured two persons dangerously bit, and a horse and dog. Nerve ointmtnt. Take neats foot oil, oil terebinth, brandy and oil of John's wort, beef gall and simmer together. Cancers. Repeated application of leaches to cancers have been attended with great success. A man with a cancer on the lip, which had been cut without ef- fect, had leaches applied; the three first, after suck- ing, fell off dead, in a few days after three more shared the same fate. In a week after three more GENUINE RECEIPTS. 11 were applied, which dropped off alive. This wrought a perfect cure. Another. Apply a poultice of Carrots, warm, fill all the holes and hollows of the ulcer, covered with a warm clcth, renew it twice a day—wash it with a decoc- tion of hemlock. Also, warm milk and water is good; drink 2 or 3 pints of the infusion of malt daily. Three pints of boiling water poured on half a pint of malt is generally sufficient. Another. The tail of a Lizzard boiled, produces a gravy or broth, which being drank a few times, cures rad- ically, the most inveterate cancer. Another. An Empl. of Cicuta applied to a cancer after rubbing with a solution of Sub. Corros. scarifying the tumor, a little, will infallibly cure them. The solution is made by dissolving 1 dr. in 1 oz. of wa- ter, give a gill of Cicuta morning and evening. Dropsy. Six quarts old hard cider, 1 pi.it mustard seed pounded, 1 double handful parsley roots, do. lig- num vitas shavings, 1 do. horse radish roots, sim- mer over a slow fire 48 hours, take a teacupful three times a day. It operates powerfully by urine. Another. Put a large cup full of bohea tea into a tea pot, steep it, drink the liquor by degrees, and eat all 12 GENUINE RECEIPTS^ the tea leaves or grounds, in the course of the fore- noon. Do the like in the afternoon, and so pro- ceed on for 3 or 4 days. The water will be dis- charged by natural evacuations. Another. A strong decoction of the leaves or ripe berries of dwarf elder has cured a man of an inveterate ; dropsy in about a week. Sweeten it with molasses. Bone Ointment. Take wormwood, camomile, St. John's wort, henbane, night shade, plaintain, green tobacco, , melilot, simmer in hog's lard and fresh butter, then strain off, for use. Another - I Take mullin, camomile, catmint, tansev. brrdoc J mayweed, penny royal, mint, asmart, yarrow, ■ wormwood indigo weed, simmer gently together in oesh butter, till they are crisp and strain out for 1 use. 1 Quinsy. 1 Mix oil Amygdal. Dulcis with spts. sal ammon J dip in a piece of baize and apply to the part affec- I ted. 1 Liquid Laudanum. Take proof spirit one pound, opium two ounces, Croc. Ang. one ounce, infuse and strain. I feel, 0 laudanum, thy power divine, I fall, with pleasure, at thy slumbering shrine, , Lull'd by thy charms, I 'scape each anxious thought, And every thing but Mira is for^'t. GENUINE RECEIPTS. 13 Flores Antimonii, are highly extolled for scor- butic eruptions, hypocondriac affections, paralytic disorders, in a Mania it is considered as a specific, confirmed Lues, Rheumatism. Volatile Linamcnt for the Sciatica. * Take Tern. Fcenic. Cimin. a. a. 1-2 oz. Sal. C. C. Volat. 4 scrup. Camoh. 3 scrup. Sapo Castiel, 2 oz. Ungt. Dialth. 4 oz. Rub the articles very fine, add the Ungt. and lastly the Sal. C. C. Spread on thin leather, and apply, fresh mac e, to the hip. Janudice. Take the white of an Egg and two glasses of spring water, beat well together, and drink it every morning, it cools the lungs, promotes perspiration, invigorates the animal spirits, causes digestion, and oreates an apetite. Rickets. Buckshorn roots that grows in meadows two ounces, New-England Gentian two ounces, Rhu- barb 50 grains, Stoned Raisins one pound, put them into a quart of good wine, steep them 24 hours and give two spoonfulls morning and evening. To Silver Looking Glasses. Take some fine plaster of paris, and mix it with water to the consistence of soft putty; spread this out thin on a board; lay the glass on this and press it down till it lays quite close and make an im- pression in the plaster; let it remain till the plas- 14 GENUINE RECEIPTS. ter is dry. Then take up the glass and spread some tin foil over the impression, and press it with the glass into the plaster mould, to make it lie close. Then pour on a little mercury, and spread it all over the hn foil; place the glass in the mould again, and place a weight on it, as heavy as may be without endangering the glass, and leave it two i or three days. Then pour off the superfluous mercury, and/iaise the glass from the mould cau- tiously, and the amalgum of tin and mercury, which is formed by the process, will adhere to the glass, which will thus be perfectly silvered. To write on Paper with Gold or Silver. , Take some nitro-muriate of gold, or nitrate of i silver and expose it to a gentle heat in an open vessel, by which means, the acid will be evapora- ted, and the metal will form itself in crystals on the sides, or at the bottom of the vessel. These ' crystals may be carefully collected, and dissolved < in water. With this solution, (which is an aqueous J solution of nitro-muriate of gold, or nitrate of sil- ver) any writing may be performed on paper, with a common pen, and by being exposed while damp, to the action of hydrogen gas, the writing will be , revived in metallic lustre. To make Good Shining Black Ink. Take two ounces of nut-galls in coarse powder; one ounce of wood in thin chips; one ounce of sulphate of iron; three fourths of an ounce of gum arabic; one fourth of an ounce of sulphate of cop- per; and one fourth of an ounce of loaf sugar. Boil the galls and logwood together in three pints of water, till the quantity is reduced to one half. GENUINE RECEIPTS 15 Then the liquor must be strained through a flannel into a proper vessel, and the remainder of the in- gredients be added to it. The mixture is then to be frequently stirred till the whole is dissolved; after which it must be left at rest for twenty-four hours. The ink may then be decanted from the gross sediment, and must be preserved in a glass bottle well corked. Blue Ink. Dissolve one ounce of gum arable in a pmt of water. In a part of this gum water, grind a small quantity of best prussian blue; you may thus bring it to any depth of colour you choose. Red Ink. In the above mentioned gum water^ grind very fine three parts of vermillion with one of lake or carmhie. This is a very perfect colour, but may require to be shaken up occasionally. Yellow Ink. Steep one ounce of turmeric, in powder, in a gill of good rum or gin which is not coloured; let it rest twenty-four hours; then throw it on a cloth, and express the colored liquor, which mix with gum water. Green Ink. To the tincture of turmeric, add a little prus- sian blue. Purple Ink. Grind, or dissolve some lake in water; other- wise exprsss the juice from the deepest coloured 16 GENUINE RECEIPTS beets; to eithpr of these, add a little blue and gum 1 water. 1 To write in various Colours, with the same Pen, 1 Ink and Paper. 1 Take a sheet of white paper, and wet some parts ^ of it with a solution of sub-carbonate of potass; .j wet some other parts of it with the same but more ' diluted; some other parts with diluted muriatic • .; acid; and other parts with a solution of sulphate of iron; dry the paper and it will be white as ever. Then take the juice of blue violets, or tincture of I red cabbage, (water that ho3 been poured while ' hr;t, upon red cabbage in thin slices,) and with it write on the paper. Th'e ink is of itself, a faint purple; where the paper was wet with acid, it will instantly become red; on the diluted alkali, it will become green; on the stronger alkaline solution, j it will take a yellow; and on the sulphate of iron, 1 it will become deep purple or brown. Thus you f will have several colours in the same line of writ- ing. Invisible Ink for Secret Correspondence. Dissolve muriate of ammonia in wafer, and , write;—the writing will be invisible. When you would make the writing appear, heat the paper by the fire and the letters will become black. Sympathetic Inks. Process I.—Write with a solution of sulphate of iron,—the writing will be invisible. Dip a feath- er in an infusion of nutgalls (water in winch pul- verised nutgalls have been steeped,) and the writ- ing will become black. GENUINE RECEIPTS. 17 Process 2.—Write with a dilute infusion of galls, —it will be invisible. Dip a feather in a solution of sulphate of iron, and moisten the paper with it and the writing will become black. Process I.—Write with, a solution of sub-carbo- nate of potass; wet this writing with a solution of sulphate of iron,—it will take a deep yellow col- our. Process 4.—Write with a solution of sulphate of copper,—no writing will be visible. Wash the paper with a solution of prussiate of potass,—the writing will then get a reddish brown colour. Pricess 5.—Write with diluted nitrate of silver, and let the writing dry in the dark—it will be in- visible; but expose the paper to the rays of the sun, and the writing will become black. Luminous Ink that ivill shine in the Dark. To half an ounce of sulphuric ether, in a phial, add one drachm .of phosphorus; cork the phial close and let it remain two or three weeks, often shaking it. Afterwards any words may be written with it on dark coloured paper, and if carried into a dark room, will appear very bright. To make, a Writing appear and disappear at pleas- ure. Dissolve equal parts of sulphate of copper and muriate of ammonia in water, and write. When you would make the writing appear, warm the pa- per gently by the fire; the writing will appear in a vellow colour; but as soon as you take the paper 18 GENUINE RECEIPTS. into the cold air, the writing will vanish. This may be often repeated. To make a Writing vanish and another appear in its place. Write on paper with a solution of sub-carbonate of potass,—the writing will be invisible. Mix to- gether equal parts of salution of sulphate of iron, and infusion of galls; write with this mixture (which is black) on the same paper. Then add to the black liquor a little sulphuric acid, sufficient to deprive it of colour. Wet the paper with this compound; the acid will discharge the colour from the last writing, while the alkali of the first, will precipitate the gallate of iron, and the writing will become black. To restore old Writing that is nearly Jijaccd Boil one ounce of powdered nut-galls, for an hour or more in a pint of white wine; filter the liquor, and when cold, wet the paper with it, or pass it on the lines with a camel-hair pencil, and the writing will be much revived. To paint a Picture that will appear and disappear occasionally. To half an ounce of nitric acid, add one drachm of cobalt, one drachm of muriate of soda, and two ounces of water; set it in a sand bath, or on warn ashes, where it must remain five or six hours Then filter the solution, (which is nitro-muriate ol cobalt,) and with it draw the trees, and shrubber of a designed picture. Then with a solution oi oxide of cobalt in acetic acid, draw some distan mountains, fences, 8tc. and with muriate of coppei GENUINE RECEIPTS. 19 draw some flowers, buildings, &c. These will all be invisible when dry; but warm the paper and the picture will appear in green, blue and yellow. It will disappear when the paper becomes cold. To give Iron the Whiteness of Silver. To nitric acid, diluted with an equal quantity of water, add as much mercury as the acid will dis- solve; then add to the solution, three or tour times as much water, and having given the iron a coat of copper, by immersing it in a solution of sulphate of copper, brush it over with the diluted nitrate of mercury; its appearance will be equal, if not su- perior to that of real silver. In this manner any common, or rough iron work, may be apparently silvered at a most insignificant expense. To cure the Jaundice. Take the white of an egg and two glasses of spring water, beat well together, and drink it ever) morning, it cools the lungs, promotes perspiration, invigorates the animal spirits, causes digestion, and creates an appetite. The Stone. Take Alicant Soap 8 parts, Oyster Shell Lime 1 part, beat into a mass with water, then dissolve the mass into an Emulsion, by adding more water so as to make 6 quarts of the emulsion, from every pound of soap avoirdupois; let it stand a month, stir it frequently and give half a pint three times a day. Stone or Gravel. Take a large handful of the fibres or roots of 20 GENUINE RECEIPTS. garden Leeks, put them into two quarts of soft wa- ter; simmer gently over the fire close stopped, to the consumption of one half; pour off and drink a pint in the day, morning, noon, and night. This is for an adult—it is some weeks before relief appears; perseverance gains the point. Corns. It is said, if you bind a lock of unwrought cot- ton on a Corn for a week or two, you will find in an unaccountable manner, the corn will be dislodged. Tooth-Ache. Burn a sheet of clean white writing paper on a clean white plate, take up the oil with clean cotton, and apply it in or on the tooth 12 or 15 minutes. Putrid sore Throat. Tane a handful of hops, steep in spirits and ap- ply a common funnel to the liquid, let the patient apply the funnel to his throat, and thereby absorb die steam. Let the hops be applied like a poultice to the throat, and occasionally repeated. Salve for cuts, fyc. Take 1-2 pint sweet oil, 5 ounces red lead fine- ly sifted, boil the same together, till they turn black, add rozin 2 ounces; by small quantities at a time :o prevent its boiling over; add a tea spoonfull Venice turpentine, pour it all into a vessel of cold .vater; oil a board to work it on, roll it till it be- comes smooth and hard, lay on a board to dry in rolls. ____ J Worms. Boil 4 ounces quick silver in one quart soft wa- GENUINE RECEIPTS. 21 tcr an hour, in a glazed pipkin, pour it off, bottle it for use. B )il the quicksilver as often as needful. Children may dank a gill, suited to their taste. Adults may drink it indifferently as water. Then purge oil" the dead worms. 7'o clean Teeth. Rub the teetli two or three times a day with a ve*-y fine powder of red Coral, washing them well wis^i water in which Sal Prunel. is dissolved Cams—a plaisler. Spread a plaister of Gum Amnion, and apply it to the corn, till it has sufficiently done the design- ed work of emolition. Gout. **&>L Apply a Leek poultice to the part affected; nu- merous instances of its efficacy in this painful dis- order, have recently occurred; its culture should be cherished as a medicine of inestimable value. Weak and weeping Eyes. Make a strong decoction of camomile, boiled in sweet cow's milk; bathe the eyes several times a jay, as warm as can be borne. It must be contin- aed several weeks. Rheumatism. Put 1 ounce of gum camphor into a quart of spirits, and as much of the bark of sassafras roots as the spirits will cover, steep 12 hours at least— take half a wine glass full at bed time, in the morn- ing, and before noon. Rub the parts affected with 22 GENUINE RECEIPTS. it—the dose may he rncreased if necessary—it pro- duces perspiration —avoid taking cold. Jumble Beer. Take two spoonfulls of ground ginger, and one pint of molasses, to 2 1-2 pails of water; first mix the ingredients with a little water wanned, espe- cially in cold weather; then add the whole compli- ment of water and shake it very briskly, and in about six or eight hours it will be sufficiently fer- mented. s 1 Vine from Cider. Add to a barrell of cider from the press, honey sufficient to bear up an egg ; work all of the filth out of the bung hole, by keeping the barrell full; in about five we8ks, draw off the pure liquor into a tub, and put the whites of eight eggs, well beat- en up with a pint of clean sand into a tub; then add one gallon of cider spirits, and mix the whole together; and having cleansed the barrell, return the liquor into it, bung it tight, and when fine, rack it off into kegs for use. It does not cost 25 cents per gallon. Waterproof Leather Take Linseed Oil one lb. Beeswax six ounces, mutton suet eight ounces, melt the whole together slowly, rub the composition well upon boots and shoes;,soles as well as upper leather. Tanning Leather. An eminent tanner in Poland, has ascertained that the leaves of the oak are equal to the bark, in tanning leather ; provided they are used in the GENUINE RECEIPTS. month of September, when they possess a bitter sap, which they afterwards lose. Star in a Horse's forehead. Take pickled mackerel and confine it on in any shape you please, three or four days repeating, and it will produce a white spot. Rub the white saddle spots, on a horse's back, a few times daily in the spring of the year, before the coat is shed, with bacon grease, and it will re- store the natural colour. Improvement in Bread. Take flour 5 lbs. Rice 1 lb. boil the rice very soft, if too thick, add a little warm water, then add your yeast. This makes 8 lbs. of bread. Preservation of fresh meat. Put fresh meat in a close vessel containing vin- egar, which will preserve it a considerable time. Tainted meet may be rendered good by pickling it in potash water for some time; before it is cooked however, it should be dipped in vinegar a short time, and then salted in brine. Mending China. Pound flint glass'very fine, then grind it on a painter's stone with the white of an egg; it will not break in the san>e place. Writing Ink. Take four ounces of Nutgalls, Coperas and Gum Arabic, each two ounces, one quart of rain water; mix and shake up well, and often. If it is set in the sun, it will be the sooner fit for use. 24 GENUINE RECEIPTS. Red hair made black. Take black lead and ebony shavings each 1 ounce, of clear water I pint; boil together 1 hour, and when fine, bottle it for use. The comb must be often wet, and the hair fiequently combed; and if a fine black is required, add two ounces of cam- phor. ( A Cordial. Take seven lemons, one quart of rum or brandy, six ounces good loaf sugar, one gill of new milk; simmer the sugar in half a pint of spring water, and skim it; let the milk be made as warm as it comes from the cow, put the very thin parings of the rinde of the lemons with the milk and syrup, into a jug with the rum, close stopped; shake well for three days, then filter through paper, and bottle it„ Shoe Blacking. Take 1 quart of good vinegar, four ounces Ivo- ry Black, one table spoonful of sweet oil, one gill of molasses, 1-2 an ounce oil vitriol; the vitriol to be put in last, and well stirred together. Bolts in a Horse. Bleed in the mouth; in about an hour or two af- ter the blood is stopped, pour down two ounces of alum dissolved in a quart of cider, warmed. Iron Moidds. Take strong spirits of salts, and dipping the fin- ger in it, daub the stain with acid, letting it rest un- til it is removed. If the spot has been frequently washed, it will be hard to move; in this case put on a little salt of sorrel and then rub it well with a GENUINE RECEIPTS 25 slice of lemon. Then wash it in hot soap and wa- ter, and rinse it, and again with salt of sorrel and lemon; or, add to it the tincture of galls, till it turns black; let it dry, then apply salt of sorrel and lem- on: sometimes one and sometimes the other an- swers. Liquid Blacking. Take three ounces glim shellack, i i-Z ounce Venice turpentine, one pint spirits wine, four table spoonfuls of ivory black; put the gum lack in the spirits wine, stop it, put it into hot water, or in the sun, until dissolved, then add the turpentine and ivory black; when well mixed and shook up, apply >t with a sponge or small brush. To destroy Flies. Take half a tea spoonful of black pepper made fine, a tea spoonful of brown sugar, a table spoon ful of cream; lay in a plate and set it for them. Bed Bugs. Dissolve one ounce of succotrine aloes in a gill of spirits, this will clear several bedsteads, with a trifling cost—mark the breadth of a finger with the solution, round the foot of each bedpost. Raisin Wi-ne. Put 20 pounds of raisins, with the stalks into a hogshead, and fill it almost full of spring water; let it steep about twelve days, frequently stirring it about, and after pouring the juice off press the r isins, put all the liquor together in a clean ves- el. You will find it to hiss for some time, and when the noise ceases, stop it close and let it stand 26 GENUINE RECEIPTS. for six or seven months; and then, if it proves fine and clear, rack it off into another vessel; stir it up and let it remain twelve or fourteen weeks longer; then bottle it off. Ink spots on Cotton. Apply strong vinegar, lemon juice and salt; by rubbing the spot with part of a lemon or common muriatic acid diluted. Washing the spot well in cold water after the stain is removed. To remove Printing Ink. Apply warm oil of turpentine, by rubbing the spot it will extract ink or paint. Warm the tur- pentine by putting the vial in warm water. Stain of fruit or wine. Apply strong spirits of wine; if that does not suc- ceed, apply oxy muriatic acid, and washing with soap alternately. Apply this, in a small tea or cof- fee cup, put three or four tea spoonfuls of common spirits of salt, to this add about half a spoonful of red lead, after having immersed the small cup in a larger one containing hot water; moisten the stain and stretch it over the vapor, till the stain be effa- ced—wash it well in water. To remove grease spots. Apply white tobacco pipe clay, or French chalk (that is Steatite or soap stone) put blotting paper over it and apply a hot iron at a little distance. This will take out much of the grease by repetition. Good ether or hot oil of turpentine will efface Lhe remainder. Where you can venture to Wash the place, a good washing with hot soap and water, will GENUINE RECEIPTS. 27 answer every purpose. You may thus efface grease spots from paper, should any slight stain remain at the edges, brush it with a camel's hair pencil, dip- ped in very strong spirits of wine or ether Eije Stone. It is asserted, tnat a grain of flax seed possesses all the valuable properties of an eye stone. Dye—Yellow and Green. Cat the tops of potatoes when in the flower,' bruise and press it, to obtain the juice. Linen or woollen kept in this 48 hours takes a fine yellow. Plunged afterwards in a blue dye it acquires a per- manent green color. Ginger Beer. Tak'i forty quarts of water, thirteen pounds su- gar, twelve good lemons, or a proportionable quan tity of lime juice, eight ounces of bruised ginger, and the whites of six eggs,.well beaten; mix all to- gether, skimming it before it begins to boil, and boil it for twenty minutes; add an ounce of ising- glass, and a spoonful of balm, aftqr it is put into the cask, stir it well; it will be ready for bottling in ten days. Potatoes. Plough a deep furrow, place a quantity of cut straw or old hay in the furrow, and lay the seed po- tatoes on it and cover as usual. The potatoes will be of better quality. It has been proved, that one larg'e potatoe put into a hill is preferable and more productive than cutting them in the usual way.— Pick off the blows and balls. 28 GENUINE RECEIPTS. To clarify Beer. Put in a piece of soft chalk, as big as two hen's eggs to a barrell, which will disturb the lrquor and cause it to line, and will draw brisk, though it was flat before. Shoe Blacking. Take 4 ounces ivory black, and half pint of vin- egar, mix and apply with a brush in the usual way. Bees preserved. About the first of May, raise the hives a little, and strew some fine salt under the edge, which will drive the worms away. Corn Sialics. Do not be in haste to cut your stalks, until they loose their deep green color, begin to turn yellow and become dry at the top end; the sap of the up- per stock is absorbed and is necessary to the growth of the ear; by cutting too early you will loose more in grain than is gained in fodder. When corn is frost bitten, cut it up by the roots, tye it in small bundles and stook it. Spring Rue. Sow a peck of oats, with a bushel of spring rye to prevent blasting, it is easily separated from the rye by a good winnowing mill. This has been proved. Ftdl Ploughing. By ploughing land in the fall, intended to be planted the next season, the weeds are turned in and grub worms and eggs are destroyed. GENUi7>TT. RECEIPTS. 29 To bleach Cotton. The first operation consists in scouring it in a slight alkaline solution; or what is better, by expo- sure to steam. It is afterwards put into a basket, and rinsed in running water. The immersion of cotton in an alkaline ley, however it may be rinsed, always leaves with it an earthy deposit. It is well known that cotton bears the action of acids better than hemp or flax; that time is even necessary be- for the action of them can be prejudicial to it; and by taking advantage of this valuable property in re- gard to bleaching, means have been found to free it from the earthy deposit, by pressing down the cot- ton in a very weak solution of sulphuric acid, and afterwards removing the acid by washing, lest too long remaining in it should destroy the cotton. To bleach Wool. The first kind of bleaching to which wool is sub- jected, is to free it from grease. This operation is called scouring. In manufactories, it is generally performed by an ammoniacal ley, formed of five measures of river v/ater and one of stale urine; the wool is immersed for about twenty minutes in a bath of this mixture, heated to fifty six degrees: it is then taken out, sulfered to drain, and then rins- ed in running water: this manipulation softens the wool, and gives it the first degree of whiteness; it is then repeated a second, and even a third time, after which the wool is fit to be employed. In some places scouring is performed with water slight- ly impregnated with sop; and, indeed, for valuable articles, this process is preferable, but it is too ex- pensive for articles of less value. Sulphuric acid gas unites very easily with water, 30 GENUINE RECEIPTS. and in this combination it may be employed for bleaching wool and silk. To bleach silk. Take a solution of caustic soda, so weak as to make only a fourth of a degree, at most, of the areometer for salts, and fill with it the boiler of the apparatus for bleaching with steam. Charge the frames with skeins of raw silk, and place them in the apparatus until it is full ; then close the door and make the solution boil. Having continued the ebulution for twelve hours, slacken the fire, and open the door of the apparatus. The heat of the steam, which is always above 250 degrees, will have been sufficient to free the silk from the gum, and to scour it. Wash the skeins in warm water ; and having wrung them, place them again on the frames in the apparatus to undergo a second boiling. Then wash them several times in water, and immerse them in water somewhat soapy, to give them a lit- tle softness. Notwithstanding the whiteness which silk acquires by these different alterations, it must be carried to a higher degree of splendour by ex- posing it to the action of sulpheric acid gas, in a close chamber, or by immersing it in sulphurous acid, as before recommended for wool. To clean silk stockings. Wash with soap and water; and simmer them in the same for ten minutes, rinsing in cold water. For a blue cast, put one drop of liquid blue, into a pan of cold spring water, run the stockings through this a minute or two, and dry them. For a pink cast, put one or two drops of saturated pink dye into cold water, and rinse them through this. For GENUINE RECEIPTS. ft flesh color, add a little rose pink in a thin soap uquor, rub them with clean flannel, and calender or mangle them. , To clean buff colored cloth. Take tobacco pipe clay, and mix it with water as thick as lime-water used for whitewashing rooms; spread this over the cloth, and when it is dry, iUb it off with a brush, and the cloth will look extreme- .y well. To wash fine lace or linen. Take a gallon of furze blossoms and burn them to ashes, then boil them in six quarts of soft water; this, when fine, use in washing with the suds, as occasion requires, and the linen, See. will not only be exceedingly white, but it is done with half the soap, and little trouble. To clean while veils. Put the veil in a solution of white soap, and let it simmer a quarter of an hour. Squeeze it in some water and soap till quite clean. Rinse it from soap, and then in clean cold water, in which is a drop of liquid blue. Then pour boiling water up- on a teaspoonful of starch, run the veil through this, and clear it well, by clapping it. Afterwards pin it out, keeping the edges straight and even. To clean black silks. To bullock's gall add boiling water sufficient to make it warm, and with a clean sponge, rub the silk well on both sides, squeeze it well out, and proceed again in like manner. Rinse it in .spring water, and change the water till perfectly clean dry it in the air, and piu it out on a table; but firs* 32 GENUINE RECEIPTS. dip the sponge in glue water, and rub it on the wrong side; then dry it before a fire. To clean black veils. Pass them through a warm liquor of bullock's gall and water; rinse in cold water: then take a small piece of glue, pour boiling water on it, and pass the veil through it; clap it, and frame it to dry ---- » To clean scarlet cloth. Dissolve the best white soap; and if black look- ing spots appear, rub dry soap on them; while the other soap is dissolving; with hot water, brush it nflf. If very dirty, immerse the article into the tvarm solution and rub the stained parts. Dispatch it quickly, and as soon as the colour begins to give wring it out, and immerse it in a pan or pail of warm water; wring it again, and immerse it in cold spring Ivater, in which mix a table spoonfull of solution of tin. Stir it about, and in ten minutes hang it to dry in the shade, and cold press it. To dip scarlet cloth. After it has been thoroughly cleaned with soap, and rinsed with warm water, put into boiling spring water, a quarter of a pound of young fustic, or ^ zant, a drachm of pounded and sifted cochineal, \ and and equal quantity of cream of tartar and coch- ineal; boil five or six minutes, and cool by adding a pint or two of cold spring water, and a table spoonful of the solution of tin. Stir the mixture, put in the cloth, boil for ten minutes, and when dry cold press it. Dip a brush in warm gall, and apply it to greasy GENUINE RECEIPTS. S3 places, rinse it off in cold water; dry by the fire, then lay the coat flat, strew damp sand over it, and with a brush beat the sand into the cloth ; then brush it out with a hard brush, and the sand will bring away the dirt.—Rub a drop of oil of olives over a soft brush, to brighten the colours To take stains out of siver plate. Steep the plate in soap leys for the space of four hours, then cover it over with whiting wet with vin- egar, so that it may stick thick upon it, and dry it by the fire; after which, rub off the whiting and pass it over with bran, and the spots will n:>t only disappear, but the plate will look exceedingly bright. To cleanse gloves without wetting. Lay the gloves upon a clean board, make a mix- ture of dried fulling earth and powdered allum, and pass them over on each side with a common stiff brush; then sweep it off, snd sprinkle them well with dry bran and whiting, and dust them well ; this, if they be not exceedingly greasy, will render them quite clean; but if they are much soiled take out the grease with crumbs of toasted bread, and powder of burnt bone; then pass them over with a woollen cloth dipped in fulling earth or alum pow- der; and in this manner they can be cleaned with- out wetting, which frequently shrinks and spoils them. To take out ivriting. When recently written, ink may be completely removed by the oxymuriatic acid, (concentrated and in solution.) The paper is to be washed over 34 GENUINE RECEIPTS. repeatedly with the acid; but it will be necessary afterward to wash it with lime water, for the pur- pose of neutralizing any acid that may be left on the paper, and which would considerably weaken it. . If the ink has been long written, it will have undergone such a change as to prevent the preced- ing process acting. It ought therefore to be wash- ed with liver of sulphur (sulphuret of ammonia) before the oxymuriatic acid is applied. It may be washed with a hair pencil. To clean paper hangings. Cut into eight half quarters a stale quartern loaf; with one of these pieces, after having blown off all the dust from the paper to be cleaned by means of a good pair of bellows, begin at the top of the room, holding the crust in the hand, and wiping lightly- downward with the crumb, about half a yard at each stroke, till the upper part of the hangings is com- pletely cleaned all round; then go again round with the like sweeping stroke downward, always com- mencing each successive course a little higher than the ur»per stroke had extended till the bottom be finished. This operation, if carefully performed, will frequently make very old paper look almost equal to new. Great caution must be used not by any means to rub the paper hard, nor to attempt cleaning it the cross or horrizontal way. The dir- ty part of the bread too must be each time cut away, and the pieces renewed as soon as at all ne- cessary. To fry meals Sfc. Be always careful to keep the frying pan clean, and see that it is properly tinned. When frying any GENUINE RECEIPTS. 35 sort of fish, first dry them in a cloth, and then flour them. Put into the pan plenty of dripping, or hog's lard, and let it be boiling hot before putting in the fish. Butter is not so good for the purpose as it is apt to burn and to blacken, and make them soft. When they are fried, put them in a dish or hair sieve, to drain before they are sent to table. Olive oil is the best article for frying, but it is ve- ry expensive, and bad oil spoils every thing that is dressed with it. Steaks and chops should be put in when the liquor is hot, and done quickly, of a light brown and turned often. Sausages should be done gradually, which will prevent their burst- ing- To pot leg of beef. Boil a leg of beef till the meat will come off the bone easily; then mix it with a cow heal, previous- ly cut into thin pieces, and season the whole with salt and spice; add a little of the liquor in which the leg of beef was boiled, put it into a cheese-vat or cullender or some other vessel that will let the liquor run off; place a very heavy weight over it, and it will be ready for use in a day or two. It may be kept in souse made of bran boiled in water, with the addition of a little vinegar. To make a plain pudding. Weigh three quarters of a pound of any odd scraps of bread, whether crust or crumb, cut them small, and pour on them a pint and a half of boil- ing water, to soak them well. Let it stand till the water is cool, then press it out, and mash the bread smooth with the back of a spoon. Add to it, a tea-spoonful of beaten ginger, seme moist sugar, 36 GENUINE RECEIPTS. and three quarters of a lb. of currants. Mix all well together, and lay it in a pan well buttered. Flatten it down with a spoon, and lay some pieces of butter on the tod. Bake it in a moderate oven, and serve it hot. When cold, it will turn out of the pan, and eat like good plain cheese cakes. A baked potato pudding. 1 Mix twelve ounces of potatoes boiled, skimmed, and mashed, 1 oz. of suet, quarter of a pint of milk, and 1 oz. of cheese grated fine; add as much boil- ing water as is necessary to produce a due consis- tence, and bake it in an earthen pan. Tansy pudding. Blanch and pound a quarter of a pound of Jor- dan almonds; put them into a stew pan, add a gill of the syrup of roses, the crumb of a French roll, some grated nutmeg, half a glass of brandy, two tablespoonfuls of tansy juice, 3 oz. of fresh butter, and some slices of citron. Pour over it a pint and a half of boiling cream or milk, sweeten, and when cold, mix it; add the juice of a lemon, and 8 eggs beaten. It may be either boiled or baked. To make a Fast day's dish. Boil eggs very bard, and cut a little from the thick ends. Fry them in a pan, and take care to keep them continually in motion; then place them in the dish, pour over them some good fish or herb gravy, and garnish with lemon. To make a puff paste. Take a quarter of a peck of flour, and rub it into a pound of butter very fine. Make it up into a GENUINE RECEIPTS. 37 light paste with cold water just stiff enough to work it up. Then lay it out about as thick as a crown piece; put a layer of butter all over, then sprinkle on a little flour, double it up, and roll it out again. Double and roll it with layers of butter three times, and it will be fit for use. To make a short crust. Put six ounces of butter to eight ounces of flour, and work them well together; then mix it up with as little water as possible, so as to have it a stiffish paste; then roll it out thin for use. To make paste for tarts. Put an ounce of loaf sugar, beat and sifted, to one pound of fine flour. Make it into a stiff paste, with a gill of boiling cream, and three ounces of Dutter. Work it well, and roll it very thin. To steam potcdoes. Put them clean washed, with their skins on, into a steam saucepan, and let the water under them be about half boiling, let them continue to boil rather quickly, until they are done; if the water once relaxes from its heat, the goodness of the po- tato is sure to be affected, and to become soddened, let the quality be ever so good. A too precipitate boiling is equally disadvantageous; as the higher parts of the surface of the root begin to crack and open, while the centre continues unheated and un- dccomposed. Of roots. Cut carrots and parsnips to the length of a fin- ger, and of much the same thickness; boil them 4 38 GENUINE RECEIPTS. till half done in water, put them into a stew pan with small bits of ham, chopped parsley, and shal- ots, pepper and salt, a glass of wine and broth; let them stew slowly until the broth is reduced pretty thick, and add the squeeze of a lemon when ready to serve. For maigre, instead of ham, use mush- rooms, and make a mixture beat up with yolks of eggs and maigre broth. Celery,is done much the same, only it is cut smaller. If these roots are to be served in a boat for sauce, boil them tender in the broth pot, or in water, cut them into the desired length, and serve with a good gravy or white sauce. To make a rich plum cake. Take one pound of fresh butter, one pound of sugar, one pound and a half of flour, two pounds of currants, a glass of brandy, one pound of sweet- meats, two ounces of sweet almonds, ten eggs, a quarter of an ounce of allspice, and a quarter of an ounce of cinnamon. Melt the butter to cream, and put in the sugar, stir it till quite light, adding the allspice, and poun- ded cinnamon; in a quarter of an hour take the yolks of the eggs, and work them in, two or three at a time; and the whites of the same must by this time be beaten into a strong snow quite ready to work in; as the paste must not stand to chill the butter, or it will be heavy, work in the white grad- ually: then add the orange peel, lemon and citron, cut in fine stripes, and the currants, which must be mixed in well, with the sweet almonds. Then add the sifted flour and glass of brandy. Bake this oake in a tin hoop in a hot oven for three hours, and put twelve sheets of paper under it to keep it from burning. GENUINE RECEIPTS. 39 To make a rich seed cake. Take a pound and a quarter of flour well dried, a pound of butter, a pound of loaf sugar, beat and sifted, eight eggs and two ounces of caraway seed, one grated nutmeg, and its weight in cinnamon. Beat the butter into a cream, put in the sugar, beat the whites of the eggs and the yolks separately, then mix them with the butter and sugar. Beat in the flour, spices and seed, a little before sending it away. Bake it two hours in a quick oven. A plain pound cake. Beat one pound of butter in an earthern pan un- til it is like a fine thick cream, then beat in nine whole eggs till quite light. Put in a glass of bran- dy, a little lemon peel, shred fine, then work in a pound and a quarter of flour; put it into the hoop or pan and bake it for an hour. A good plum cake is mi de the same with putting one pound and a half of clean washed currants and half a pound of candied lemon peel. Beat the yolks of fifteen eggs for nearly half an hour, with a whisk, mix well with them ten ounces of fine sifted loaf sugar, put in half a pound of ground rice, a little orange water or brandy, and the rinds of two lemons grated, then add the whites of seven eggs well beaten, and stir the whole to- gether for a quarfer of an hour. Put them into a hoop and set them in a quick oven for half an hour when they will be properly done. To make plain gingerbread. Mix three pounds of flour with four ounces ot moist sugar, half an ounce of powdered ginger, and 40 GENUINE RECEIPTS. one pound and a quarter of warm treacle; melt half a pound of fresh butter in it: put it to the flour and make it a paste; then form it into nuts or cakes, or bake it in one cake. To make cream cakes. Beat the whites of nine eggs to a stiff froth, stir it gently with a spoon lest the froth should fall, and to every white of an egg grate the rinds of two lem- ons; shake in gently a spoonfull of double refined sugar sifted fine, lay a wet sheet of paper on a tin, and with a spoon drop the froth in little lumps on it near each other. Sift a good quantity of sugar over them, set them in the oven after the bread is out, and close up the mouth of it, which will occa- sion the froth to rise. As soon as they are color- ed they will be sufficiently baked; lay them by two bottoms together on a sieve and dry them in a cool oven. To make eommon buns. Rub four ounces of butter into two pounds of flour, a little salt, four ounces of sugar, a dessert spoonful of caraways, and a teaspoonful of ginger; put some warm milk or cream to four table spoon- fulls of yeast; mix all together into a paste, but not too stiff; cover it over and set it before the fire an hour to rise, then make it into buns, put them on a tin, set them before the fife for a quarter of an hour, cover over with flannel, then brush them with very Warm milk and bake them of a nice brown in a moderate oven. Baked Custards. Boil a pint of cream with some mace and cinna- GENUINE RECEIPTS. 41 mon, and when it is cold, take four yolks of eggs, a little rose water, sack, nutmeg and sugar, to taste; mix them well and bake them. Rice Custards. Put a blade of mace, and a quartered nutmeg in- to a quart of cream; boil and strain it, and add to it some boiled l^ice and a little brandy. Sweeten it to taste, stir it till it thickens, and serve it up in cups or in a dish; it may be used either hot or cold. To make apple cakes. T?ke half a quartern of dough, roll it out thin: spread equally over it five ounces each of coffee and sugar, a little nutmeg or allspice, and two oz. of butter; then fold and roll it again two or three times, to mix well the ingredients. Afterwards roll it out thin, and spread over it four rather large ap- ples, pared, cored, and chopped small ; fold it up, and roll until mixed. Let it stand to rise after. Haifa pound of butter may be added. Sponge biscuits. Beat the yolks of twelve eggs for half an hour; then put in one and a half pounds of beaten sifted sugar, and whisk it till it rises in bubbles; beat the whites to a strong froth, and whisk them well with the sugar and yolks, work in fourteen ounces of flour, with the rinds of two lemons grated. Bake them in tin mould buttered, in a quick oven, for an hour; before they are baked, sift a little fine sugar over them. To make fancy biscuits. Take one pound of almonds, one pound of sugar, 4* 42 GENUINE RECEIPTS. and some orange flower water. Pouna the al- monds very fine, and sprinkle them with orange flower water; when they are perfectly smooth to the touch, put them in a small pan, with flour sifted through a silk sieve; put. the pan on a slow fire, and dry the paste till it does not stick to the fin- gers; move it well from the bottom to prevent its burning; then take it off, and roll it into small round fillets, to make knots, rings, &c. and cut into vari- ous shapes; make an iceing of different colours, dip one side of them in it, and set them in it, and set them on wire gratings to drain. They may be varied by strewing over them colored pistachios, or colored almonds, according to fancy. Black currant jelly: Put to ten quarts of ripe dry black currants, one quart of water; put them in a large stew-pot, tie paper close over them, and set them for two hours in a cool oven. Squeeze them through a fine cloth, and add to every quart of juice a pound and a half of loaf sugar broken into small pieces. Stir it till the sugar is melted, when it boils, skim it quite cleam. Boil it pretty quick over a clear fire, till it jellies, which is known by dipping a skimmer in- to the jelley and holding it in the air; when it hangs to the spoon in a drop, it is done. If the jelley is boiled too long, it will loose its flavour and shrink very much. Pour it into, pots, cover them with brandy papers, and keep them in a dry place. Red and white jellies are made in the same way. Raspbrrr,; cream. Rub a quart of raspberries through a hair sieve, and take out the seeds, and r-tix it well with cream; GENUINE RECEIPTS. 43 sweeten it with sugar to your taste, then put into a stone jug, and raise a froth with a chocolate mill, As the froth rises take it off with a spoon, and lay it upon a hair sieve. When there is as much froth as wanted, put what cream remains in a deep china dish, and pour the frothed cream upon it, as high as it will lie on. Strawberry jam. Bruise very fine some scarlet strawberries,gath- ered when quite ripe,, and put to them a little juice of red currants. Beat and sift their weight in su- gar, strew it over them, and put them into a pre- serving pan. Set them over a clear slow fire, skim them, then boil them twenty minutes, and put them into glasses. Raspberry jam. Mash a quantity of fine ripe dry raspberries, strew on them their own weight of loaf sugar, and half their weight of white currant juice. Boil them half an hour over a clear slow fire, skim them well, and put them into pots or glasses; tie them down with brandy papers, and keep them dry. Strew on the sugar as quick as possible after the berries are gathered, and in order to preserve their flavour they must not stand long before boiling them. * ---- To salt hams. For three hams, pound and mix together half a peck of salt, half an ounce of salt prunella, three ounces of salt petre, and four pounds of coarse salt; rub the hams well with this, and lay what is to spare over them, let them lie three days, then hang them up. Take the pickle in which the hams 44 GENUINE RECEIPTS. were, put water enough to cover the hams with more common salt, till it will bear an'egg, then boil and skim-it well, put it in the salting tub, and the next morning put in the hams ; keep them down like pickled pork; in a fortnight take them out of the liquor, rub them well with brine, and hang them up to dry. To pickle in brine. A good brine is made of bay salt and water, thoroughly saturated, so that some of the salt re- mains undissolved; into this brine the substance to be preserved is plunged, and kept covered with it. Among vegetables, French beans, artichokes, ol- ives, and the different sorts of samphire, may be thus preserved, and among animals, herrings. To bottle damsons. Put damsons, before they are too ripe, into wide mouthed bottles, and cork them down tight; then put them into a moderately heated oven, and about three hours more will do them; observe that the oven is not too hot, otherwise it will make the fruit fly. All kinds of fruits that are bottled may be done in the same way, and they will keep two years; after they are done, they must be put away with the mouth downward, in a cool place, to keep them from fermenting. To preserve grapes. Take close bunches whether white or red, not too ripe, and lay them in a jar. Put to them a quarter of a pound of sugar candy, and fill the jar with common brandy. Tie them up close with a blad- der, and set them in a dry place. GENUINE RECEIPTS. 45 To dry cherries. Having stoned the desired quantity of moreilo cherries, put a pound and a quarter of fine sugar to every pound; beat and sift it over the cherries, and let them stand all night. Take them out of theii sugar, and to every pound of sugar, put two spoons- ful of water. Boil and skim it well, then put in the cherries; boil the sugar over them, and next morning strain them, and to every pound of syrup put half a pound more sugar; boil it till it is a little thicker, then put in the cherries and let them boil gently. The next day strain them, put them in a stove, and turn them every day till they are dry. To preserve strawberries ivhole. Take an equal weight of fruit and double refin- ed sugar, lay the former in a large dish, and sprin- kle half the sugar in fine powder; give a gentle shake to the dish, that the sugar may touch the un- der side of the fruit. Next day make a thin syrup with the remainder of the sugar; and allow one pint of red currant juice to every three pounds of strawberries; in this simmer them until they are sufficiently jellied. Choose the largest scarlets, not dead ripe. To keep gooseberries. Put an ounce of roche alum beat very fine, into a large pan of boiling hard water; place a few gooseberries at the bottom of a hair sieve, and hold them in the water till they turn white. Then take out the sieve, and spread the gooseberries between two cloths; put more into the sieve, then repeat it till they are all done. Put the water into a glazed pot until the next day, then put the gooseberries 46 GENUINE RECEIPTS. into wide mouthed bottles, pick out all the cracked and broken ones, pour the water clear out of the pot, and fill the bottles with it, cork them loosely and let them stand a fortnight. If they rise to the corks, take them out and let them stand two or three days uncorked, then cork them close again To make cream of roses. Take one pound of oil of sweet almonds, one ounce of spermaceti, one ounce of white wax, one pint of rose water, and two drachms of Malta rose or nerolet essence. Put the oil, spermaceti, and wax, into a well glazed pipkin, over a clear fire, and when melted, pour in the rose water by de- grees, and keep heating, till the compound becomes like pomatum. Now add the essence, and then put the cream into small pots or jars, which must be well covered with pieces of bladder, and soft skin leather. Pearl water for the face. Put half a pound of the best Spanish oil soap, scraped very fine, into a gallon of boiling water, stir it well for some time, and let it stand till cold. Add a quart of rectified spirit of wine, and half an ounce of oil of rosemary; stir them again. This compound liquid, when put up in proper phials, in Italy, is called tincture of pearls. It is an excel- lent cosmetic for removing freckles from the face, and for improving the complexion. Common almond paste To make this paste, take six pounds of fresh al monds, which blanch and beat in a stone mortar, with a sufficient quantity of rose water. Now add GENUINE RECEIPTS. 47 a pound of finely drained honey, and mix the whole well together. This paste, which is exceedingly good for the hands, is to be put into small pots for sale. If this paste gets dry, rub it up on a marble slab with rose water. To prevent this dryness, put about half a teaspoonful of this water on the top of each pot,, before tying up. An astringent for the teeth. Take of fresh conserve of roses two ounces, the juice of half a sour lemon, a little very rough clar- et, and six ounces of coral tooth powder. Make them into a paste, which put up in small pots; and if it dry by standing, moisten with lemon juice and wine as before. To prevent the tooth ache. Rub well the teeth and gums with a hard tooth- brush, using the flowers of sulphur as a tooth pow- der, every night on going to bed; and if it is done after dinner it will be best: this is an excellent pre- servative to the teeth, and void of any unpleasant smell. A radical cure for the tooth ache. Use as a tooth powder the Spanish snuff called Sibella, and it will clean the teeth as well as any other powder, and totally prevent the tooth-ache; and make a regular practice of washing behind the ears with cold water every morning, the remedy is infallible. To make rose lip salve. Put eight ounces of the best olive oil into a wide mouthed bottle, add two ounces of the small parts 48 GENUINE RECEIPTS. of alkanet root. Stop up the bottle, and set it in the sun; shake it often, until it be of a beautiful crimson. Now strain the oil off very clear from the roots, and add to it, in a glazed pipkin, three ounces of very fine white wax, and the same quan- tity of fresh clean mutton suet. Deer suet is too brittle, and also apt to turn yellow. Melt this by a slow fire, and perfume it when taken off, with forty r drops of oil of rhodium, or of lavender. When ; cold put it into small gallipots, or rather whilst in a liquid state. The common way is to make this salve up into small cakes; but in that form the colour is apt to • be impaired. This salve never fails to cure chopped or sore lips, if applied pretty freely at bed time, in the course of a day or two at farthest. To sweeten the breath. Take two ounces of terra japonica; half an ounce of sugar candy, both in powder. Grind one drachm of the best ambergris with ten grains of pure musk; and dissolve a quarter of an ounce of clean gum tragacanth in two ounces of orange flour water. Mix all together, so as to form a paste, which roll into pieces of the thickness of a straw. Cut these into pieces, and lay them in clean paper. This is an excellent perfume for those whose breath is dis- agreeable. Excellent perfume for gloves. Take of damask or rose scent, half an ounce, the spirit of cloves and mace, each a diachm ; frankincense, one quarter of an ounce. Mix them together, and lay them in papers, and when hard, GENUINE RECEIPTS. 49 press the gloves; they will take the scent in twen- ty-four hours, and hardly ever lose it. To pcifume clothes. Take of oven-dried best cloves, cedar and rhu- barb wood, each one ounce, beat them to a powder and sprinkle them in a box or chest, where they will create a most beautiful scent, and preserve the apparrel against moths. To preserve brass ornaments. Brass ornaments, when not gilt or lackered, may be cleaned in the same way, and a fine colour may be given to them by two simple processes. The first is to beat sal ammoniac into a fine powder, then to moisten it with soft water, rubbing it on the ornaments, which must be heated over char- coal, and rubbed dry with bran and whiting. The second is to wash the brass work with roche alum boiled in strong ley, in the proportion of an ounce to a pint; when dry it must be rubbed with fine tripoli. Either of these processes will give to brass the brilliancy of gold. To clean gold lace. Gold lace is easily cleaned and restored to its original brightness by rubbing it with a soft brush dipped in roch ahim burnt, sifted to a very fine powder. To make cement for metals. Take of gum mastic, 10 grains,—rectified spirit of wine, 2 drachms. Add 2 ounces of strong isinglass glue, made with brandy, and 10 grains of the true gum ammoniac. Dissolve all together, 5 60 GENUINE RECEIPTS. and keep it stopped in a phial. When intended to be used, set it in warm water. To take out spots of ink. As soon as the accident happens, wet the place with juice of sorrel or lemon, or with vinegar, and the best hard white soap. To make red sealing wax. Take of shell-lac, well powdered, two parts, of ' rosin and vermillion, powdered, each, 1 part. Mix j them well together and melt them over a gentle fire, and when the ingredients seem thoroughly incorporated, work the wax into sticks. Where ( shell-lac cannot be procured, seed-lac may be sub- stituted for it. The quantity of vermillion may be diminished without any injury to the sealing wax, where it is not required to be of the highest and brightest red colour; and the rest should be of the whitest kind, as that improves the effect of the vermillion. Black sealing wax. Proceed as directed for the red wax, only in- stead of the vermillion rubstitute the best ivory black. A COMPLETE SYSTEM OF IN ALL ITS VARIETIES. To prepare mordants. Dying is a chemical process, and consists in combining a certain colouring matter with fibres of cloth. The facility with which cloth imbibes a dye, depends upon two circumstances; the union of the cloth and the dye-stuff, and the union of the dye-stuff, or dyeing material, and the fluid in which it is dissolved. Wool unites with almost all colouring matters, silk in the next degree, cotton considerably less, and linnen the least of all. To dye cotton or linen, the dye-stuff, or colouring material, should, in many cases, be dissolved in a substance for which it has a weaker connexion than with the solvent employed in the dying of wool or silk. Thus we may use the colour called oxide of iron, dissolved in sulphuric acid, to dye wool; but to dye cotton and linen, it is necessary to dissolve it in acetous acid. Were it possible to procure a sufficient number of colouring substan- ces, having a strong affinity for cloths, to answer all the purposes of dyeing, that art would be ex- ceedingly simple and easy. But this is by no means the case. This difficulty has, however, been obviated by a very ingenious contrivance. Some other substance is employed which strongly unites with the cloth and the colouring matter. This substance, therefore, is previously combined with the cloth, which is then dipped into a solution 52 GENUINE RECEIPTS. containing the colour. The colour then combines with the intermediate substance, which being firm- ly combined with the cloth, secures the perma- nence of the dye. Substances employed for this purpose are denominated mordants. To choose and apply them. The most important part of dyeing is, therefore, the choice and application of mordants; as upon them, the permanency of almost every dye de- pends. Mordants must be previously dissolved in some liquid, which has a weaker union with the mordants than the cloth has; and the cloth must then be steeped in this solution, so as to saturate itsoif with the mordant. The most important, and most generally used mordant is alumine. It is used either in a state of common alum, in which it is combined with sulphuric acid, or in that state cal- led acetite of alumine. Use of alum as a mordant. Alum, to make a mordant, is dissolved in water, and very frequently, a quantity of tartrate of potass is dissolved with it. Into this solution woolen cloth is put, and kept in it till it has absorbed as much alumine as is necessary. It is then taken out, and for the most part washed and dried. It is now a good deal heavier than it was before, owing to the alum that has combined with it. Acetite of alumine, Is prepared as a mordant by pouring acetite of lead into a solution of alum. This mordant is em- ployed for cotton and linen. It answers for these much better than ah.m; the stuff is more easily GENUINE RECEIPTS. 53 saturated with alumine, and takes, in consequence, a richer, and more permanent colour White oxide of tin. This mordant has enabled the moderns greatly to surpass many of the ancients, in the fineness of their colours; and even to equal the famous Tyrian purple; and by means of it scarlet, the brightest of all colours is produced. It is the white oxide of tin, alone, which is the real mordant. Tin is used as a mordant in three states; dis- solved in nitro-muriatic acid, in acetous acid, and in a mixture of sulphuric and muriatic acids: but nitro-muriate of tin is the. common mordant used by dyers. They prepare it, by dissolving tin in diluted nitric acid, to which a certain proportion of com- mon salt, or sal ammoniac is added. When the nitro muriate of tin is to be used as a mordant, it is dissolved in a large quantity of water, and the cloth is dipped in the solution, and allowed to remain till sufficiently saturated. It is then tak- en out, washed and dried. Tartar is usually dis- solved in the water along with the nitro muriate. Red oxide of iron. This is also used as a mordant in dyeing; it has a very strong affinity for all kinds of cloth, of which the permanency of red iron-spots, or iron- moulds on linen and cotton is a sufficient proof. As a mordant it is used in two states: in that of sulphate of iron, or copperas, and that of acetite of iron. The first, or coperas, is commonly used for wool. The copperas is dissolved in water, and the cloth dipped into it. It may be used also for cotton, but in most cases acetite of iron is prefer- 5* 54 GENUINE RECEIPTS. red, which is prepared by dissolving iron, or its oxide, in vinegar, sour beer, or pyroligneous acid, and the longer it is kept the better. Tan, fyc. Tan is very frequently employed as a mordant. An infusion of nut-galls, or of sumach, or of any other substance containing tan, is made in water, and the cloth is dipped in this infusion, and allowed to remain till it has absorbed a sufficient quantity. Tan is often employed also, along with other mor- dants, to produce a compound mardant. Oil is al- so used for the same purpose, in dying cotton and linen. The mordants with which tan is most fre- quently combined, are alumine, and oxide of iron. Besides these mordants, there are several other substances frequently used as auxiliaries, either to facilitate the combination of the mordant with the cloth or to alter the shade of colour; the chief of these are, tartar, acetate of lead, common salt, sal ammoniac, sulphate of copper, &.c. Mordants not only render the dye permanent, but have also considerable influence on the colour produced. The same colouring matter produces very different dyes, according as the mordant is changed. Suppose, for instance, that the colour- ing matter is cochineal; if we use the aluminous mordant, the cloth will acquire a crimson colour; but the oxide of iron produces with it, a black. In dyeing, then, it is not only necessary to pro- cure a mordant which has a sufficiently strong af- finity for the colouring matter and cloth, and a ; colouring matter which possesses the wished-for i colour in perfection; but we must procure a mor- dant and a colouring matter of such a nature, that GENUINE ,^IPTS. 55 when combined together, they shall possess the wished-for colour in perfection; and even a great variety of colours may be produced with a single dye-stuff, provided we change the mordant suffi- ciently. To determine the effects of various salts or mordant* on colours. - The dye of madder. For a madder red on woollens, the best quantity of madder is one half of the weight of the wool- lens that are to be dyed; the best proportion of of salts to be used is five parts of alum and one of red tartar for sixteen parts of the stuff. A variation in the proportion of the salts, wholly alters the colour that the madder naturally gives. If the alum is lessened, and the tartar increased, the dye proves a red cinnamon. If the alum be entirely omitted, the red wholly disappears, and a durable tawny cinnamon is produced. If woollens are boiled in weak pearlash and wa- ter, the greater part of the colour is destroyed A solution of soap discharges part of the colour, and leaves the remaining more beautiful. Volatile alkalies heighten the red colour of the madder, but they make the dye fugitive. The dye of logivood. Volatile alknlies salts or acids incline this to purple; the vegetable and nitrous acids render it pale; the vitriolic and marine acids deepen it. Lime water. In dyeing browns or blacks, especially browns, lime water is found to be a good corrective, as also 56 GENUINE RECEIPTS. an alterative, when the goods are not come to the shade required; but practice alone can shew its utility; it answers for either woollens, silks, or cot- tons. To render colours holding. Browns and blues, or shades from them, require no preparation; but reds and yellows, either of silk, cotton, or woollen, require a preparation to make them receive the dye, and hold it fast when it has received it. Alum and tartar, boiled togeth- er, when cold, form a mastic, within the pores of the substance, that serves to retain the dye, and reflect the colour in a manner transparently. Almost all browns are deemed fast and holding colours, without any preparation: the dyeing ma- terials containing in themselves a sufficient degree of astringent quality to retain their own colours. Many reds are also equally holding, but none more so than those made with madder on woollens pre- pared with alun and tarter. A very fast red is also made with Brazil wood, by boiling the woollen in alum and tartar, and suffering the cloth to re- main several days in a bag kept moist by the pre- paration liquor. The cause of the solidity of the colour from Brazil wood dyed after this method, arises from the alum and tartar masticating itself within the pores of the wool in quite a solid state. « There is not a drug used in the whole art of dye- ing, but may be made a permanent dye, by finding out a salt, or solution of some metal, that, when once dissolved by acids, or by boiling water, will neither be affected by the air, nor be dissolved by moisture. Such are alum and tartar, the solution of tin, Sec. But these salts and solutions do not GENUINE RECEIPTS. 57 answer with all ingredients that are used in dyeing. To purchase dyeing materials. The names of the principal dyeing materials are alum, argol, or tartar, green copperas, verdigris, blue vitriol, roche alum, American or quercitron, and oak bark, fenugreek, logwood, old and young fustic, Brazil wood, braziletto, camwood, barwood, and other red woods, peach wood, sumach, gall, weld, madder of 3 or 4 sorts, safflower, savory, green wood, annatto, tumeric, archil, cudbear, co- chineal, lac cake, lac dye, and indigo. The whole may be purchased of druggists and colourmen. To dye wool and woollen cloths of a blue colour. Dissolve one part of indigo in four parts of con- centrated sulphuric acid; to the solution, add one part of dry carbonate of potass, and then dilute it with eight times its weight of water. The cloth must be boiled for an hour in a solution, containing 5 parts of alum, and 3 of tartar, for every 32 parts of cloth. It is then to be thrown into a water-bath previously prepared, containing a greater or small- er proportion of diluted sulphate of indigo, accord- ing to the shade which the cloth is intended to re- ceive. In this bath it must be boiled till it has ac- quired the wished for colour. The only colouring matters employed in dyeing blue, are woad and indigo. Indigo has a very strong affiinity for wool, silk, cotton, and linen. Every kind of cloth, there- fore, may be dyed with it, without the assistance of any mordant whatever. The colour thus indu- ced is very permanent. But. indigo can only be applied to cloth in a state of solution, and the only 68 GENUINE RECEIPTS. solvent known is sulphuric acid. The sulphate of indigo is often used to dye wool and silk blue, and is known by the name of Saxon blue. It is not the only solution of that pigment em- ployed in dyeing. By far the most common meth- od is, to deprive indigo of its blue colour, and re- duce it to green, and then to dissolve it in water by means of alkalies. Two different methods are employed for this purpose. The first is, to mix with indigo a solution of green oxide of iron, and different metalic sulphurates. If, therefore, indi- go, lime, and green sulphate of iron, are mixed to- gether in water, the indigo gradually loses its blue colour, becomes green, and is dissolved. The second method is, to mix the indigo in water, with certain vegetable substances wich readily undergo fermentation; the indigo is dissolved by means of quick lime or alkali, which is added to the solution. The first of these methods is usually followed in dyeing cotton and linen; the second, in dyeing tvool and silk. In the dyeing of wool, woad and bran are com- monly employed as vegetable ferments, and lime as the solvent of the green base of the indigo. Woad itself contains a colouring matter precisely similar to indigo; and by following the common process, indigo may be extracted from it. In, the usual state of woad, when purchased by the dyer the indigo, which it contains, is probably not far from the state of green pollen. Its quantity in woad is but small, and it is mixed with a great proportion of other vegetable matter. When the cloth is first taken out of the vat, it is of a green colour; but it soon becomes blue. It 1 ought to be carefully washed, to carry off the un- GENUINE RECEIPTS. 59 combined particles. This solution of indigo is li- able to two inconveniences: first, it is apt some- times to run too fast into the putrid fermentation; this may be known by the putrid vapours which it exhales, and by the disappearing of the green col- our. In this state it would soon destroy the indigo altogether. The inconvenience is remedied by adding more lime, which has the property of mod- erating the putrescent tendency. Secondly, some- times the fermentation goes on too languidly. This defect is remedied by adding more bran, or woad, in order to diminish the proportion of thick lime. i To make chemic blue and green. Chemic for light blues and greens, on silk, cot- ton, or woollen, and for cleaning and whitening cottons, is made by the following process:— Take 1 lb. of the best oil of vitriol, which pour upon 1 ounce of the best Spanish flora indigo, well pounded and sifted: add to this, after it has, been well stirred, a small lump of common pearlash as big as a pea, or from that to the size of 2 peas, this will immediately raise a great fermentation, and cause the indigo to dissolve in minuter and finer particles than otherwise. As soon as-this fermentation ceases, put it into a bottle tightly corked, and it may be used the next day. Ob- serve, if more than the quantity prescribed of pearlash should be used, it will deaden and sully the colour. Chemic for green, as above for blue, is made by only adding one-fourth more of the oil of vitriol. If the chemic is to be used for woollen, East In- dia indigo will answer the purpose even better than 60 GENUINE ;:jeo EIPTS. Spanish indigo, and at one quarter of the price; but the oil of vitriol is good for both. To make a solution of tin in aqua regia. Mix together 8 ounces of filtered river water, and 8 ounces of double aqua fortis; add gradually half an ounce of salammoniac dissolved piece by piece, and 2 drachms of salt petre. Then take 1 ounce of refined block tin: put it into an iron pan, and set it over the fire; when melted, hold it 4 or 5 feet over the vessel, and drop it into water, so as to let it fall in pieces. ' Next put a small piece of this granulated tin into the above aqua-regia, and when the last piece dis- appears, add more gradually till the whole is mixed; mind and keep it firmly corked. When finished it will produce a most excellent yellow, though should it fail in that respect, it will not be the worse for use; keep it cool, as heat will injure and even spoil it. To make muriate of tin Take 8 ounces of muriatic acid, and dissolve in it, by slow degrees half an ounce of granulated tin; when this is done pour off the clear liquid in- to a bottle and weaken it, if required, with pure fil- tered river water To determine the effect of various waters ondiff'erent colours. Snow water contains a little muriate of lime, and some slight traces of nitrate of lime; rain water has the same salts in a larger quantity, and also carbonic acid; spring water most frequently contains carbonate of lime, muriate of lime, muri- GENUINE RECEIPTS. 61 ate "of soda, or carbonate of soda. River water has the same substances, but in less abundance. Well water contains sulphate of lime or nitrate of pot-ash besides the above-named salts. Should the water contain a salt, or a mineral acid, in the first instance, an acid will be requisite to neutralize it, and in the second, an alkali. Thus waters of any quality may be saturated by their opposites, and rendered neutral. To discharge colours. The dyers generally put all coloured silks which are to be discharged, into a copper in which half a pound or a pound of white soap has been dissol- ved. They are then boiled off, and when the cop- per begins to be too full of colour, the silks are taken out and rinsed in warm water. In the in- terim a fresh solution of soap is to be added to the copper, and then proceed as before till all the colour is discharged. For those colours that arc wanted to be effectually discharged, such as greys, cinnamons, &c. when soap will not do, tartar must be used. For slate colours, greenish drabs, olive drabs, &c. oil of vitriol in warm water must be jused; if other colours, roche alum must be boiled in the copper, then cooled down and the silks en- tered and boiled off, recollecting to rinse them be- fore they are again dyed. A small quantity of muriatic acid, diluted in warm water, must .be used to discharge some fast colours; the goods must be afterwards well rinsed in warm and cold water to prevent any injury to the stalk. To discharge cinnamons,greys, S?c.when dyed too full. Take some tartar, pounded in a mortar, sift it 62 GENUINE RECEIPTS. into a bucket, then pour over it some boiling wa- ter. The silks, &c. may then be run through the clearest of this liquor, which will discharge the colour; but if the dye does not take on agaiir evenly, more tartar may be added, and the goods run through as before. \ To re-dye or change the colours of garments, fyc. • The change of colour depends upon the ingre- dients with which the garments have been dyed. Sometimes when these have been well cleaned, more dying stuff must be added, which will afford the colour intended; and sometimes the colour al- ready on the cloth must be discharged and the ar- ticles re-dyed. Every colour in nature will dye black, whether blue, yellow, red or brown, and black will always dye black again. All colours will take the same colour again which they already possess; and blues can be made green or black: green may be brown, 'and brown green, and every colour on re-dyeing will take a darker tint than that at first. • Yellows, browns, and blues, are not easily dis- charged; maroons, reds, of some kinds, olives, &c. may be discharged. For maroons, a small quantity of roche r.lum may be boiled in a copper, and when it is dissolv- ed, put in the goods, keep them boiling, and prob- ably, in a few minutes, enough of it will be dis- charged to take the colour intended. Olives, greys, &c. are discharged by putting in two or three table spoonfuls, more or less, of oil of vitriol: then put in the garment, &c. and boil, and it will become white. If chemic green, either alum, pearl-ash, or soap, will discharge it oil" to GENUINE RECEIPTS. 63 the yellow; this yellow may mostly be boiled off with soap, if it has received a preparation for tak- ing the chemic blue. Muriatic acid used at a hand heat will discharge most colours. A black may be dyed a maroon, claret, green or a dark brown; and it often happens that black is dyed claret, green, or dark brown; but green is the principal colour into which black is changed. To alum silks. Silk should be alumed cold, for when it is alum- ed hot, it is deprived of a great part of its lustre. The alum liquor should always be strong for silks, as they take the dye more readily afterwards. To dye silk blue. Silk is dyed blue by a ferment of six parts of bran, six of indigo, six of potass, and one of mad- der. To dye it of a dark blue, it must previously receive what is called a ground-colour; a red dye- stuff, called archil, is used for this purpose. To dye cotton and linen blue. Cotton and linen are dyed blue by a solution of one part of indigo, one part of green sulphate of iron, and two parts of quick-lime Yellow dyes. The principal colouring matters for dyeing yel- low, are weld, fustic, and quercitron bark. Yel- low colouring matters have too weak an affinity for cloth, to produce permanent colours without the use of mordants. Cloth, therefore, before it is dyed yellow, is always prepared by soaking it in alumine. Oxide of tin is sometimes used when 64 GENUINE RECEIPTS. very fine yellows arc wanting. Tan is often em- ployed as subsidiary to alumine, and in order to fix it more copiously on cotton and linen. Tartar is also used as an auxiliary, to brighten the colour; and muriate of soda, sulphate of lime, and even the sulphate of iron, to render the shade deeper. The yellow dye by means of fustic is more perma- nent, but not so beautiful as that given by weld, or quercitron. As it is permanent, and not much in- jured by acids, it is often used in dyeing compound colours, where a yellow is required. The mordant is alumine. When the mordant is oxide of iron, fustic dyes a good permanent drab colour. Weld, and quercitron bark yield nearly the same kind of colour; but the bark yields colouring matter in greater abundance and is cheaper than weld. The method of using each of these dye-stuffs is nearly the same. To dye woollens yellow. Wool may be dyed yellow by the following pro- cess; let it be boiled for an hour or more, with above one-sixth of its weight of alum, dissolved in a sufficient quantity of water as a mordant. It is then to be plunged, without being rinsed, into a bath of warm water, containing as much quercit- ron bark as equals the weight of the alum em- ployed as a mordant. The cloth is t-o be turned through the boiling liquid, till it has acquired the intended colour. Then, a quantity of clean pow- dered chalk, equal to the hundredth part of the weight of the cloth, is to be stirred in, and the op- eration of dyeing continued for eight or ten min- utes longer. By this method a pretty deep and lively vellow may be given. GENUINE RECEIPTS. 65 To dye silks yellow. Silk may be dyed of different shades of yellow, either by weld or quercitron bark, but the last is the cheapest of the two. The proportion should be from one to two parts of bark, to 12 parts of silk, according to the shade. The bark, tied up in a bag, should be put into the dyeing vessel, whilst the water which it contains is cold; and when it has acquired the heat of about 100 degrees, the silk, having been previously aluined, should be dipped in, and continued, till it assumes the wish- ed-for colour. When the shade is required to be deep, a little chalk, or pearl-ash should be added towards the end of the operation. To dye limns and cottons yellow. The mordant should be acetate of alumine, pre- pared by dissolving one part of acetate of lead, and three parts of alum, in a.sufficient quantity of water. This solution should be heated to the temperature of 100 degrees: the cloth should be soaked in it for two hours, then wrung out and dried. The soaking may be repeated, and the cloth again dried as before. It is then to be bare- ly wetted with lime-water, and afterwards dried. The soaking in the acetate of alumine may be again repeated; and if the shade of yellow is re- quired to be very bright and durable, the alter- nate wetting with lime-water and soaking in the mordant may be repeated three or four times. The dyeing-bath is prepared by putting 12 or 18 parts of quercitron bark (according to the depth of the shade required,) tied up in a bag, into a sufficient quantity of cold water. Into this bath the cloth is to be put, and turned in it for an hour, . 6* 66 GENUINE RECEIPTS. while its temperature is gradually raised to about 120 degrees. It is then to be brought to a boiling heat, and the cloth allowed to remain in it only for* a few minutes. W it is kept long at a boiling heat, the yellow acquires a shade of brown To fix a fine mineral yellow upon wool, silk, collon, lump, §c. Mix one pound of sulphur, two pounds of white oxide of arsenic, and five parts of pearl-ash; and melt the whole in a crucible, at a heat a little short of redness. The result is a yellow mass, which is to be dissolved in hot water; and the liquor filtra- ted, to separate it from a sediment formed chiefly of metallic arsenic, in shining plates, and in a small part, of a chocolate-colored matter, which appears to be a sub-sulphuret of arsenic. Dilute the filter- ed liquor, then add weak sulphuric acid, which pro- duces a floeculent precipitate, of a most brilliant yellow colour. This precipitate, washed upon a cloth filter, dissolves with the utmost ease in liquid ammonia, giving a yellow solution, which colour is to be removed by an excess of the same alkali. To prepare realgar. The most brilliant and permanent yellow that can be imagined, is the sulphuret of arsenic, or re- algar, into which more or less diluted, according to the depth of tint required, the wool, silk, cotton, or linen, is to be dipped. All metalic utensils must be carefully avoided. When the stuffs come out of this bath they are colorless, but they insensibly take on a yellow hue as the ammonia evaporates. they are to be exposed as equally as possible to a current ol open air; and when the color is well 65 GENUINE RECEIPTS. 67 come out, and no longer heightens, they are to be washed and dried. Wood should be fulled in the ammoniacal solu- tion, and should remain in it till it is thoroughly soaked; then, very slightly and uniformly pressed, or else merely set to drain of itself. Silk, cotton, hemp, and flax, are only to be dipped in the dyeing liquid, which they easily take. They must then be well pressed. The sulphuret of arsenic will give every imagin- able tint to stuffs, from the deep golden yellow to the lightest straw-colour, which has the invariable advantage of never fading, of lasting even longer than the stuffs themselves, and of resisting all re- agents, except alkalies. Hence it is peculiarly fitted for costly tapestry, velvets, and other articles of furniture which are not in danger of being washed, with alkalies or soap, and to which the durability of colour is a most important object. It may also be used with advantage in paper-staining. Red dyes. The colouring matters employed for dyeing red, arc archil, madder, carthamus, kermes, cochineal, and Brazil-wood. To dye woollens red, crimson, and scarlet. Coarse woollen stuffs are dyed red with madder or archil: but fine cloth is almost exclusively dyed with cochineal, though the colour which it receives from kcrmes, is much more durable. Brazil-wood is scarcely used, except as an auxiliary, because the colour which is imparts to wool, is not perma- nent. Wool is dyed crimson, by first impregnating it 68 GENUINE RECEIPTS. with alumine, by means of an alum bath, and then boiling it in a decoction of cochineal, till it has aoquircd the wished-colour. The crimson will be finer, if the tin-mordant is substituted for alum; indeed, it is usual with dyers, to add a little nitro- muriate of tin, when they want fine crimsons. The addition of archil and potass to the cochineal, Doth renders the crimson darker, and gives it more bloom; but the bloom very soon vanishes. For paler crimsons, one-half of the cochineal is with- drawn, and madder substituted in its place. Wool may be dyed scarlet, by first boiling it in a solution of murio-sulphate of tin, then dying it pale yellow with quercitron bark, and afterwards crimson with cochinel; for scarlet is a compound colour, consisting of crimson mixed with a little yellow. To cffl»TJ/ the colour into the body of the c'lvlh. Make the moistened cloth pass through between two rollers placed within and at the bottom of* the dye-vat; so that the web, passing fro.m one wind- lass through the dye-vat, and being strongly1 com- pressed by the rollers in its passage to another windlass, all the remaining water is driven out, and is replaced by the colouring liquid, so as to receive colour into its very centre. The winding should be continued backwards and forwards from one windlass to the other, and through the rolling- ing-press, till the dye is of sufficient intensity. To dye silks red, crimson, Sfc. Silk is usually dyed red with cochineal, or car- thamus, and sometimes with Brazil-wood. Kermes does not answei for silk; madder is scarcely ever GENUINE RECEIPTS. 69 used for that purpose, because it does not yield a colour bright enough. Archil is employed to give silk a bloom; but it is scarcely ever used by itself. unless when the colour wanted is lilac. Silk may be dyed crimson by steeping it in a solution of alum, and then dyeing in the usual way in a cochineal bath. The colours known by the names of poppy, cher- ry, rose, and fiesh colour, arc given to silk by means of carthamus. The process consists mere- ly in keeping the silk as long as it extracts any colour, in an alkaline solution of carthamus, into which as much lemon-juice, as gives it a fine cher- ry-red colour, has been poured. Silk cannot be dyed a full scarlet; but a colour approaching to scarlet may be given to it, by first impregnating the stuff with murio-sulphate of tin, and afterwards dyeing it in a bath, composed of four ->arts of cochineal, and four parts of quercit- ron bark. To give the colour more body, both the mordant and the dye may be repeated. A colour, approaching to scarlet may be given to silk, by first dyeing it in crimson, then dyeing it with carthamus; and lastly, yellow, without heat. To dye linens and cottons red, scarlet, fyc. Cotton and linen arc dyed red with madder. The process was borrowed from the east; hence the colour is often called Adrianople, or Turkey- red. The cloth is first impregnated with oil, then with galls, and lastly with alum. It is then boiled for an hour in the decoction of madder, which is commonly mixed with a quantity of blood. After the cloth is dyed, it is plunged into a soda ley in order to brighten the colour. The red given 70 GENUINE RECEIPTS. by this process, is very permanent; and when properly conducted, it is exceedingly beautiful. The whole difficulty consists in the application of the mordant, which is by far the most complicated employed in the whole art of dyeing. Cotton may be dyed scarlet, by means of murio- sulphiate of tin, cochineal, and quercitron bark, used as for silk, but the colour is too fading to be of any value. Black dyes. The substances employed to give a black colour to cloth, are red oxide of iron, and tan. These two substances have a strong affiinity for each other, and when combiued, assume a deep black colour, not liable to be destroyed by the action of air or light. Logwood is usually employed as an auxiliary, because it communicates lustre, and adds consid- erably to the fulness of the black. It is th^ wood of a tree which is a native of several of the West- India islands, and of that part of Mexico which surrounds the bay of Honduras. It yields its col- ouring matter to water. The decoction is at first a fine red, bordering on violet: but if left to itself, it gradually assumes a black colour. Acids give it a deep red colour; alkalies, a deep violet, incli- ning to brown: sulphate of iron renders it as black as ink, and occasions a precipitate of the same color. Cloth, before it receives a black colour, is usu- ally dyed blue: this renders the colour much fuller and finer than it would otherwise be. If the cloth is coarse, the blue dye may be too expensive; in that case, a brown colour is given, by means' of walnut-peels. GENUINE RECEIPTS. 71 To dye woollens black. Wool is dyed black by the following process. It is boiled for two hours in a decoction of nut- galls, and afterwards kept, for two hours more, in a bath, composed of logwood and sulphate of iron, kept, during the whole time, at a scalding heat, but not boiling.. During the operation, it must be frequently exposed to the air; because the green oxide of iron, of which the sulphate is composed must be converted into red oxide by absorbing oxygen, before the cloth can acquire a proper col- our. The common proportions, are five parts of galls, five of sulphate of iron, and thirty of log- wood, for every hundred of doth. A little ace- tate of copper is commonly added to the sulphate of iron, because it is thought to improve the colour. To dye silks black. Silk is dyed nearly in the same manner. It is capable of combining with a great deal of tan; the quantity given is varied at the pleasure of the artist, by allowing the silk to remain a longer or shorter in the decoction To dye cottons and linens black. The cloth, previously dyed blue, is steeped for 24 hours in a decoction of nut-galls. A bath is prepared containing acetate of iron, formed by sa- turating acetous acid with brown oxide of iron: into this bath the cloth is put in small quantities at a time, wrought with the hand for a quarter of an hour; then wring out, and aired again; wrought in a fresh quantity of the bath, and afterwards air- ed. These alternate processes are repeated till the colour wanted is given: a decoction of alder 72 GENUINE RECEIPTS. bark is usually mixed with the liquor containing the nut-galls. To dye wool, S(c brown. Brown, or fawn colour, though in fact, a com pound, is usually ranked among the simple colours, because it is applied to cloth by a single process Various substances are used for brown dyes. Walnut-peels, or the green covering of the wal- nut, when first separated, are white internally, but soon assume a brown, or even a black colour, on exposure to the air. They readily yield their col- ouring matter to water. They are usually kept in large casks, covered with water, for above a year before they are used. To dye wool brown with them, nothing more is necessary, than to stt ep the ■: cloth in a decoction of them till it has acquired the ' wished-for colour. The depth of the shade is pro- portional to the strength of the decoction. The root of the walnut-tree contains the same colouring matter, but in smaller quantity. The bark of the birch also, and many other trees, may be used for the same purpose. To dye compound colours. Compound colours are produced by mixing to- gether two simple ones; or which is the same thing by dyeing cloth first of the simple colour, and then by another. These colours vary to infinity, accord- ing to the proportions of the ingredients employed. From blue, red, and yellow, red olives and green- ish greys are made. From blue, red, and brown, olives are made from the lightest to the darkest shades; and by giving GENUINE RECEIPTS. 73 a greater shade of red, the slated and lavender greys are made. From blue, red, and black, greys of all shades are made, such as sage, pigeon, slate, and lead greys. ,The king's or prince's colour is duller than usual; this mixture produces a variety of hues or colours almost to infinity. From yellow, blue, and brown, are made the goose dung and olives of all kinds. From brown, blue, and black, are produced brown olives, and their shades. From the red, yellow, and brown, are derived the orange, gold colour, feuillemort, or faded leaf, dead carnations, cinnamon, fawn, and tobacco, by using two or three of the colours as required. From yellow, red, and black, browns of every shade are made. From blue and yellow, greens of all shades. From red and blue, purples of all kinds are formed To dye different shades of green. Green is distinguished by dyers into a variety of shades, according to the depth, or the preva- lence of either of the component parts. Thus, we have sea-green, grass-green, pea-green, &c. Wool, silk, and linen, are usually dyed green, by giving them first a blue colour, and afterwards dying them yellow, when the yellow is first given, several inconveniences follow: the yellow partly separates again in the blue vat, and communicates a green colour to it; thus rendering it useless for every other purpose, except dyeing green. Any of the usual processes for dyeing blue and yellow, may be followed, taking care to proportion the 7 74 GENUINE RECEIPTS. aepth of the shades to that of the green required. When sulphate of indigo is employed, it is usual to mix all the ingredients together, and to dye the cloth at once; this produces what is known by the name of Saxon, or English green. To dye violet, purple, and lilac. Wool is generally first dyed blue, and after- wards scarlet, in the usual manner. By means of cochineal mixed with sulphate of indigo, the pro- cess may be performed at once. Silk is first dyed crimson, by means of cochineal, and then dipped into the indigo vat. Cotton and linen are first dyed blue, and then dipped in a decoction of log- wood; but a more permanent colour is given by means of oxide of iron. To dye olive, orange, and cinnamon. When blue is combined with red and yellow on cloth, the resulting colour is olive. Wool may be dyed orange, by first dyeing it scarlet, and then yellow. When it is dyed first with madder, the result is a cinnamon colour. Silk is dyed orange by means if carthamus: a cinnamon colour by logwood, Brazil-wood, and fustic mixed together. Cotton and linen receive a cinnamon colour by means of weld and madder; and an olive-col- our by being passed through a blue, yellow, and then a madder bath. To dye grey, drab, and dark brown. If cloth is previously combined with brown ox- * 30 Gingerbread . - - 39 Cream cakes ■ 40 1 Common buns ■ . . 40 Custards - 40 Cakes - • . -CI Biscuits - . 41 Currant jellay - - - 42 INDEX Raspberry cream - - 42 Strawberry jam - - 43 Raspberry jam . 43 To salt hams • . -41 DYEING. Acetite of alumine . . 52 - of lead and copper . _ 78 Blue, wool and woolen cloth . . 57 Black dyes . . 70 Bottle green . ■ 76 Brown . . 76 Black cloth, green . . 84 Colours, to render holding . . 56 of garments to change - . - 62 to discharge . . 61 Cottons, to dye blue » * . . 68 red, scarlet, &c. . . 69 black 71, 75, 76, 79 yellow . . 65 Compound coloui . . . 72 Cinnamon . . 76 Crimson, red orange, or yellow . . 77 Chemic, blue and green, to make . . 59 Effect of various waters on various colours . 60 Flesh colour . . 83 Green, different shades . _ 73 Grey, drab, aud dark brown . . 7-1 Linen to dye blue - . . 63 black . 71 , 75, 76 yellow . . 65 Logwood, the dye of . . 55 Mordants, to prepare . . 51 to chose and apply . . 52 Swiss deep and pale red tropical . 79 Materials, to purchase . . 77 Madder, dye of . . 55 Muriate of tin . _ 60 Mineral yellow upon wool, silk, Mixed cloth, black - cotton, hemp, &c. 66 . . 75, 76 Olive, oil, and crimson . 74, 76 Purple . . 74, 76 Prussian blue . . 77 Realgar, to piepare . a Cti Red dyea • . 67 INDEX. Solution of tin in aquafortis Silk, to alum to due blue yellow red, crimson, &c. black lilac - brown - . of fawn colour, drab shawl, scarlet crimson Stockings, black - Snuff colour Tow, &c. - To carry colour into the body of cloth - Violet and lilac Woollens, red, crimson and scarlet black brown - permanent blue yellow ... Yellow dyes MISCELLANEOUS. To turn red hair black bristles or feathers, green colour horse hair dye gloves dye white gloves purple prepare wood for dyeing prepare blue turnsole for staining wood stain oak mahogany colour beech do. do. stain musical instruments crimson and purple stain box-wood brown dye wood a silver grey, yellow, and green do. red, purple, and blue stain paper or parchment yellow and crimson, do. green, orange, and purple marble the edges of paper do. cover of books colour velum green black the edges of paper spinkle the edges of books, &c. - dye or stain horn tortoise-shell colour - 6 INDEX. 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