^___ STLLABTJS OF A COURSE OF LECTURES /■ ✓ M ^ ^ ^ ON THE DELIVERED IN THE T ' ' * 1C» MEDICAL OOLLSOK 0» THB STATE OF SOrTII-CJJlOLINA. -F By HENRY R. FROSTJ M.B,:■ I jB 1? ARY~ ---------—-----KVjRGtOM GEivZRAUS OFFICE <£\)uvltnttnxt V U . ■ l ,', | ! ',.'11 PRINTED BY DA.V1EL. J. DOWLINCfj 83 BROAD-STREET. 1834, . * F3i3s PREFACE. The following Syllabus of the Lectures on Materia II n oica, has been prepared in the intervals from business, for the use of the Class in the Medical College of the Stat* *»f South-Carolina. Several reasons have operated with me inks preparation. The succession of Lectures with Which the student is daily } ' •ccupied,"renders it proper that the course of studies be fa- cilitated by every practicable method. A plan which pre- sent s him with the subject treated of, will, by a little exertion ©f memory and attention, enable him to recal the opinions of the Lecturer, and by association, impress upon his mind the reasoning which has been pursued. It may be considered as furnishing him with an abstract of the Lecture, the filling up of which can be accomplished by reflection, when he returns to the study. Another advantage of no small moment is, that it spreads before the student the whole subject matter of the course, jmd enables him quickly to see its objects and extent. It further facilitates the taking of notes, or supersedes the aecessity, and thus admits of more undivided attention to She Lecturer. How the task has been executed, they must judge. My •ffbrts have been exerted to accomplish all thai the lbug:>n,g remarke could promise. In preparing the Syllabus, 1 have luid reference to the most approved and latest authorities, and in my lectures, the sources of information shall be de- tailed. To aid the student still further, drawings of Exotic plants have been prepared, upon a scale four times the nature-1 size, illustrative of the several parts from which the medi- cinal substance is obtained. Of Indigenous medicinal plants, dried specimens, and t!< re they can be provided, the reetnt plants are elways introduce d, to make the student ac quainted with their shux- ture and appearance. A Herbarium of medi<'F :! pr'1? prepared \vi:h much care and ncatnessat the eft .. -r.v ■- - el'the Friends at J\Y\v Lebanon, X w-v "h will b_ j^e^c. > fd the class the ensuing year. s j> f &^y L-) i> a.A :^J 4 X / : C i. / t i.. SYLLABUS, INTRODUCTORY LECTURE. The objections to the Medical Profession considered- Its powers defined—The circumstances and conditions in which our remedies are as yet unavailing, and those in which they may be applied with the greatest certainty of benefit fairly brought to view. General View of the Materia Medica. Its connections with other branches of Science—Natural History — Pharmacy — Chemistry — Physiology, and the Practice of Physic. The substances employed as Medi- cines, derived from the three kingdoms of nature—Vegeta- bles, Minerals, Animals—remarks upon each.—From the first, obtained in the greatest number. The choice of Plants —The period for gathering the roots, bark, leaves, seeds. The preservation of Plants. The means by which the Medicinal properties of Plants may be discovered, (a) The sensible qualities of Plants as determining their properties, color, taste and smell, (b) Botanical affinities, examples of Plants allied to each other by affinities,al so agreeing in their operation.(c) Chemical. Analysis(dJ-Exyelience, this last not always conclusive—Sources of error. Medicines not sim- ple substances, but will vary in their action according to the principles they contain. The effects which follow their application to the organized body. Remarks upon the Im- portance of a knowledge of Botany to the physician. The Study enforced trom several considerations. Modus Operandi of Medicines. The subject intricate and obscure—The operations of Medicines dependent upon the vital actions with which the $ bodv « -adi t»c i. * :r.fli'!.sup(i:il,!r v -1 i;*-' •• Tu» fan'")- parts »>r organ • -.viiicii Mel.ciuosaie applied. 1. flu* siomach and aumtnla y c:o; .1. '1 no nature of tin- impression made upon these organ*, (o ) An incrc > i of the vital m-Tgiea ol 'the par'. (0) A change of action, The secondary ope., lions of Medicines, and their impor- tant results. "2. The circulation, anolher channel for the nclion of re- m»'dl"s—Tne oj)inio)iol \it\ ancient d.ite, originating u itk \. advooatt > of the lieu./ial I'etholouv, arid supported by rnanv f I'Tsaud exprrimc its, partieularlv those oi' Magendie upon ;ibsiT]);ioii: u:d < on fumed and supported by Laurence aj-'l Coifs of thii count rv. Lxap-'pie- of various foreign substances introduced :nt« ;h ■ eirc * 'lion, and manifested jn tin- secret inn.-. F.x unplo of substances injected intothe veins, produein* effects corresponding to those following their inin> A ai tioa into the stomach. C )uolus:nns from the preceding observations in the treat- ment oi" diseases. Tiie subject continued—All Medicinal substances not equally saseeptiMe of .absorption—dependent upon the na- ture of ill- w. 11 as upon the condition of the surface favoring or rc- ta' iing a!> orption—Kxamplcs. '>'. The skin next considered, and what action Medicine* Overt throinjh this medium. Kxpoiant«aits of Seguin, Cur- ia. , ixl p:>, I) ngonield, Kous.m an, and others on ibis sub- jet.:. Several articles rauim'Taied with which their experi- ments were perform* ;l—Spirits of Turpruliue—Per-ohlo- r lo of Mercury, K:e. Power of absorption possessed by Lh" -Liu in a very limited ai/ree, and only in particular situ- a .ons Couein.-ions drawn. •1. The ollViory nerves—Th^ action of foreign substan- ces upon them considered—as Tobac o—the fumes of ar- dent -pirits, Mr-.; th"so articles exerting no action upon th« s_s ,-ui when the nostrils are securely plugged, or closed. ^ Of other parts to uhich Medicines aroapplied—a he bron- ci iaJ passages of the lungs—die interior oi the mouth—ih« urethra and vagina. Remarks upon Sympathy completing the subject. Th adra-.-.''i g:>.-, to hr drrir.ulfrtm a cow "motion of Medicines* 1 ue subject of ruueh imp ortaiic —and be ' -e c,,(f ;/Jl, up-^i a, C'jusideru'aoi;, will spcuk oi the coi..-LiiuLun of* 49 68 7 Medical Formula. Consists of a ba«f, auxiliary, correct tive, and the form under which it is exhibited. Remarks upon each* By combining Medicines, the energy of our practice will be much increased, (not but that many indications maybe fulfilled by employing single substances) but by uniting them to a proper extent, greater activity will be afforded by the Compounds not otherwise possessed, and in some in- stances we may give rise to remedies of entirely new powers. Under 1st division, will be considered the adx-antageg derived from the union of substances similar in their nature or action.—Examples drawn from cathartics—their action being more prompt, efficient, and attended with less unea- siness when vnitui. The same with laxatives, with emet- ics, tonics, with alteratives, and particularly uniting the ve- getable with the mineral.—Utility of the principle further illustrated by examples, in the preparation of food. 2d division—Union of substances of a different nature* Combinations of i his description subservient to many use- ful purposes—(a) They enable us to contend with several Symptoms of a disease, or to produce two or more different effects at the same time without oppressing the patient.— Examples, (b) Useful in promoting the operation of par- ticular Medicines by a change in their composition.—Ex- amples, (c) In some instances giving rise to remedies of entirely new powers.—Examples. Bloodletting. This subject properly preceding the consideration of tla'^ft agents, which, acting upon the several organs of the body promote their secretions, and thereby lessen the mass of blood. History and importance of the remedy—Either palliative or curative. Utility of bloodletting in febrile dis- eases—Examples given—The extent to which it should be carried, and the cautions observed in its use. In inflamma- tory diseases—The time when employed : extent and sud- denness with which drawn all important. Examples of inflammatory diseases in which the remedy is particularly useful. In these cases the effect to be obtained, or the im- pression made upon the system is to be the measure of what is drawn, rather than the apparent quantity—Objections to the lancet considered. The immediate effects of bloodlet- ting upon the pulse ■— lessening its frequency and force— npoft tk« brain, removing delirjuBt, relieving pain, reducing 8 ri.r temperature of the body, promoting the action of cathar* *ic and other :u dicines, and inducing sleep. Local IVoodhtting. Leeching anlC upping—N. Mud History of the Ilirudo Me Ucinalis—Ltiliiy in various inflammatory affection— Manner of applying them. Of much utility in the same affections attacking Intern.d surfaces—as to the conjunctiva of the inner surface of the eyelid in ophthalmia—toinffamed to ,-.:—internal surface of the nostrils in affections of the brain. General remarks upon Leeches. ( upping, on many occasions a useful substitute-employed for the same purpo- ses e^n- rally—1>: v cupping,ar.l with scarifications—Cups to peis. :ied wounds. Their modus operandi explained. MATERIA MEDICA. Divided into aliments and medicines—Definition—Brief account of the various plans of arrangement which have been pursued—First in point of time and simplieiiy is the alphabetical arrangement of medicines—remarks upon it. A-inther mo'I-■ was founded on the class of bodies or king- dom*, to which the different substances belonged. Another upon an investigation of the sensible and most obvious qualities of the medicinal substances. Another upon the medicinal operation of the article upon the system. A fifth, into classes, according to the systems of the body upon v. hich their action is exerted. The arrangement preferred, will be as follows—with re- marks in explanation. Division 1. McJtrt/i'i v;huh irritate the stomach and duodenum. Emetics—Definition—Immediate effhets of these sub- stances upon the mucous membrane, and the phyHoIoeacal phenomena following their employm ait. Flh c\< upon the seer etoriesof the stomach—of the serous vessels, and mucous Lllii;-. *i-\ ■9 inflects upon the secretion of the Liver and Pancreas^ ilechanism of Vomiting—Effects upon the general system*- 1. Upon the brain and nervous system. 2. Upon the circulation. 3. Upori the secretions—(a) as expectorants—(b) as dia phoretics (c) promoting the action of the absorbents—(d) as diuretics—Rules to be observed in their administration and freatment when too active. Application of this classto diseases—the subject consider od in detail, and those selected in which emetics are particu* larly useful. Occurrences in diseases rendering their employment im- proper—and those in which they may be administered with the utmost advantage; Objections of Broussais and others to this class,considered. VEGETABLE EMETICS. , Family Rubificea— Calycocca Ipecacuanha — Natural History—-Chemical History—Emetin, preparation and op- eration—Properties of Ipecacuanha as an Emetic—useful in all cases where a rnild article is required-^Employed in small doses in Dysentery, Diarrhoea, and in Dyspepsia- Useful in Hemorrhages, and in excited statesof the vascular system—In Pulmonic Affections, Catarrh, Chronic Coughs, Asthma. Officinal Preparations-Incompatible Substances-Adulteratiom. Dose as an Emetic 3i to 3ss Diaphoretic 1 to 2 grs. Expectorant 1-2 gr. Alterative 1-4 to 1-2 gr. General Remarks upon the Doses of Medicines. . Family Rosacea—Spiraea Trifoliata—vel Gillenia T. or Indian Physic—Indigenous—Natural History—Character as an Emetic—'Employed as the preceding. Dose 3ss to 3ii. Family Euphorbiaceee—Euphorbia Ipecacuanha, Ipecac* uanha Spurge.—Indigenous—Natural History — Effects upon the system, similar to the preceding, but more active. Dose 3i to 3ss Euphorbia Corollata—indigenous—'Natural History-** Operation upon the system. Pose 9i to 2si5 u ramify S*..',,„,{- iNaotiaiM Tabaeuw—Mflturnli/ed-r- "Vaturnl and Chemical History—Effects upon the system— seldom cmj.loved. Externally ut< an—Fmplovedin Intermittent leanitn ut, and continued Fevers. from its sedative- and febrifuge- properties used in small doses in I'nenmonia__ Phthisis—Mi. umaii-un, and oth-r inflammatory a serous passasrcr1, attended with a painful and disticssiua tenesmus. '1 he stercoraceous and offensive secretions from thebowells being removed without subduing the disease-— it will be proper to discontinue these medicines, and excite some other secretion into action. "When further evacuations arc required, it will be advisable to excite them by-milder preparations, as they will most commonly be found better adapted to the condition of the vital powers, and fully ca- pable of carrying off the secretions which have been poured into the intestinal canal. I could depict to you the bad effects of a contrary practice, and have seen patients suffer- ing under all the s}'mptoms I have mentioned, the passages consisting of little else than thin serous discharges, with flakes of mucus floating in the fluid. The continuance of these medicines, under these circumstances,notonly irritates the mucus surface to a considerable extent, but I will not go too far on in stating, that instead of subduing, will be found to increase the fever. You would hardly credit me were I to relate the extent to which I have known cathartic medi- cines pursued in febrile affections of an acute character. I have known from twenty to thirty evacuations excited from the bowells in twenty-four hours, not only from adults but children. This practice is entirely wrong, it is absolutely destructive. You might almost question how such a Num- ber could be produced. The fact is undeniable, and it is adduced to show the pernicious extent to which these medi- cines are carried, and against which I wish to warn you. These successive discharges are procured, not by two or three doses of active medicines, which are proper enough "in the commencement of diseases, but by a continuance of the same medicine every two or three hours, for twenty-four, thirty-six, or forty-eight hours, and sometimes the whole course of the fever. However excited, whether by calomel alone, or its combinations, whether Jalap and its combina- tions, or whether simply oleaginous, the practice is to be deprecated in the highest degree. I should be glad, if it were possible, to give you definite rules on this subject. I aan only state to you what has usually been my course. It is when called to a patient laboring under acute disease, to remove as much as possible all apparent sources of irrita- tion. If necessary, \enae section is practised, if not, the condition of the alimentary canal as affording many sources of irritation, and having a more extensive influence upon the system than any other channel, is attended to. The sterco- raceous and offensive contents cf the bowells being removed, u which i- commonly done with half a tio.Ten ■» aouations, I, with the continuance of the disease, attempt the renewal of some other scent ion—the skin, or urinary organs, and combat ^viaptomsasthey arise. \\ hen the condition oi tuc b >w. lis requires attention, which will be in t\v« nty-tour, or thirtv-six, or fuU-eight hours, to excite discharges by thq sam"-medicines, if it can be borne, and it" not by a milder arliele, always keeping the same object in \ie\v, a nnewal of secretion, or a change of secretion, and combatting symj>- toms as they arise, The rcsMircesuf the M. M. are quite suiliiaent in bv far the greater number of cases, if we only apply them j)roperlv, judiciously, cautiously. bni waij hear various and contradictory opinions as to the mean-l>\ which this is to be accomplished—listen to them all, and judge for yourselves. J laving found a mixture oferror and truth to exist in systems and doctrines, I take advantage of dr fact, judge for myself, and pursue an eclectic course. 11. Drastic or irritating ('aihartics are injudiciously, nay, improperly employed, in diseases attended with an inflam- matory condition of the mucous mombraneof the alimentary ouna!. When speaking of the physiological operation of these articles upon this surface, the remarks then made will render it unnecessarv to enter into details—it is evident that they will exasperate all the symptoms. While on the con- trary, from the milder articles, the most beneficial conse- quences must result. It seems tome that in a nubjecf of such importance, jt might be ndvisabletopnrticularizcsomeexamplesin Febrile diseases in which the precautions .1 have mentioned should be observed, as wa lias the symptoms which lead to a know- L ilee of this inflammatory state. Without entering into the disputed question, whether Fe- biile diseases originate in an inflamed condition of the mu- cous membrane of the alimentary canal or not, I shall only u!.--rve toyou, that Febrile diseases are often attended with a considerable determination to the abdominal viscera, and it iong the organs affected, the stomach and intestinal canal ire.j-iently participate largely in these determinations. Th<- symptoms which characterize this condition of these organs, are, nausea, irritable n pressure, eostivenoss. "When to these,- arc added redness of the tongue,cither pervadingtho whole sur- !.i' a, or confined to th' edges or lip, or when to this state it, is coated wah a thick 'iir,—wh<*n thir-t "xists, and the nul-<; iangesfrorn ninety to a hundred pulsations in the minute we M qaay be assured that abdominal inflammatiou exists, and under these circumstances, active medicines of an emetic o* cathartic character, will be improper. Depletion by the lancet, should be preferred until these symptoms are abated, fomentations to the abdomen, warm cloths, and the mildest medicines employed—calomel, for instance, followed by castor oil—Evacuations from the bowells being effected by this course, the utmost relief will be afforded, and the pa- tient will have reason to rejoice in the prudence, judgment, and discrimination of his physician. A contrary practice will but subject him to much and severe uneasiness and dis* tress. Utility of Cathartics in Inflammatory diseases—Examples •f Inflammatory diseases in which they become necessary —In affections of the Peritoneum and Intestines. In these last, they should be administered \tith much caution, and when properly and seasonably employed, will be found use- ful by a renewal of secretion in favoring a resolution of the Inflammation. Utility of this class in Dysentery and Diarrhoea—In colic after the urgent symptoms have been allayed by venae sec- tion and other means. In like manner, by promoting secretions extensiVely from the intestines and neighboring organs, they are advanta- j'oousiy employed in derangements of the Chylopoietic vis- cera, and in the anomalous affections arising from this cause. The means used should be of a mild character,and continue 6>d-some time. In diseases of the Cerebral system^ In diseases of the absorbent system- PARTICULAR CATHARTICS, Divided into Vegetable and Mineral > Family Euphorbiacea-Uic'ums Communis or PalmaChrisii __Natural History—Preparation of the oil from the seeds. (a) By expression. (6) By decoction. Very extensively' employed in the diseases of adults and children. Useful in removing costiveness and to allay irritation of the system. In intestinal affections, haemorrhoids, the diseases Of partu- rient women. Exhibited in the form of oleaginous mixture >r floating upon Tinct. of Senna, peppermint water, coffee, ciilk, Sec. Formula—adulterations; Dose adult, !i to ?ii. Infant. 3i to 3n 10 fret on Oil, obtained from the scvls of the Croton i l» limn—Natural History—preparation of the od. Lb. "ta oi this article described—hypercathar is frequently induced- Employed in obstinate constipation unattended with in flimmitorv symptoms. In Mania, l>ro|iu< s, for tin' expul- yloaof worms, particularly the Taana. Handy employe,!. External employment of the Ol—rubbed upon the s\i», produces an eruption resembling the chicken po\—appear- aa-eof the I-ilia a una lion described—Useful in chronic and painful diseases—manner of applying the oil. Dose, oil, i to ij minims in pill, with the conserve of rose?, Substance, 1 seed. Tincture of the seeds, 3ii Spurge Oil, obtained from the .-^als of the F.uphorbiu Latiivris—Preparation. Employed toiemo\c coslivenes? I) »sc viii to \ minims. V-}>t>-.r—Olea.Europea—Natural History, Pre- * p nation of the oil from the fruit. Employed for the sanu general purposes as Castor Oil. Applied to the surface, use- ful in lessening the force and frequency of the pulse, and it thus employed in febrile diseases in foreign countries. Also in Dropsies. Dose si to 511 Fraxinus Oraus—Natural History—Inspissated juice of this tree furnishes the Manna of the shops. Seldom employ- ed alone, but in combination with other articles. Formula. Family L>gu/ni/tos,,—Cassia Senna—Natural History- Varieties of the Cassia—Analysis—Cathartine. Seldom employed alone from the insolubility of its active principle, oeeasiou-ng griping. Rendered soluble by combination with S ilt-. Ibnployed to obviate costiveness, and as nnevaeu- au'. Olii >ualpreparations. Tinct. Senna Comp. Use fu' prepartion. Infusion Zii to 3ss to sviii boiling water. Useful in the formation of enemata—Adulterations. Cassa Marylandica- Indigenous—Natural History. Pro- perties and application as the proceeding, only requirin" a larger quantity to produce the same effects. Family .hi'rianddv—.luglans C Ynercn—Butternut__\atu-' ral Ili-tory—Indigenous. An extra't of the inner bark of the root of the preparation used. Mild in its operation, and particularly useful to obviate costiveness. Increased in its activity by combination with other article. l-)u.ic x grs. to lui in pill 0-t. x " f J* / • (•I v a / t> />U- -t-i. :' ■ ■ >■• J:< ~v -A'/1 /'• t.. <• f I i ,/. ^ ,- • .'• v Its a tit ~. /v/fv ?<:.:•■ .:•,'<-/ 'L^y / .h / 3? Family Podophyllce—Podophyllum Peltatum or May Ap pie—Natural History. Indigenous. Useful as an active and safe cathartic. Employed in the same diseases as Ja- lap, and similarly combined. Dose 3i to 3s s Family Convolvnlucccc—Ipomea Jalap'a—Natural His- tory—Analysis. Much employed for the promptness, cer- tainty, arid energy of its operation. Its action chiefly exerted jupon the small intestines. Useful as an evacuant in febrile ;and inflammatory diseases, and to bring down the tone of the system. Contraindicated in acute affections of the mucus membrane of the alimentary canal. Combined advanta- geously with various articles. Adulterations^ Formula. Dose 3i to 3ii Convolvulu s Maerorhizus—Indigenous* Allied to the pre- ceding in botanical characters and relations, but of little activity. Convolvulus Scammonia—Scammony—Natural Histoiy. Obtained from the root of the plant by inspissating its juice —Analysis—Found mixed with various impurities. As a cathartic powerful and drastic. Has been employed in cases of Dropsy, Hypocondriasis, Worms, and as a cathar- tic for ordinary purposes. In many instances, has been of decided utility, but it is sometjjnes unsafe from its violence. Dose v to x grs. Family Polygoncoz—Rheum—Rhubarb—Several species t»f this genus—Natural History of the Rheum Palmatum. Exported from the ports of St. Petersburg Russia, and Can- ton in China. Cultivated also in France, England, and this country. Soil in which the plant thrives best. Age and season for diggingupthe roots,and the manner of preparing them for market. Analysis. Varies with the soil and cli- mate. Roots cultivated in Europe inferior in purgative and tonic properties, while the astringent is increased; Rhubarb a very useful and important article, from the singular com- bination of Medicinal powers of which it is possessed.— Employed as a mild and pretty active cathartic, and from its properties well adapted to diseases of the alimentary canal. Used to correct costiveness—in Dyspepsia, Djarr hcea, and Dysentery. In the diseases of children valuable. Its activity increased by combination. Officinal prepara- tions numerous. Formula. Dost Si to 3ss fc t:iiii\WLi'>.,r'tl-~.\\t* Perfohata—Aloe>--Natural Hi.- forv and preparation of tlie article from the lra\es. 'I hive varieties to be met with in the shops. Aual\ sis—Actum «»t :uss*.!wtaiice upon the intestinal canal in large doses, lie operation chiefly exerted upon the large intestines. Em- ployed incases where a derivative opt nation is required,and freui its peculiar determination, to excite the vessels of thr uterus. F.nters into tlie formation of eutlm tic pills, and combined in a great variety of forms. Formula for its ca- thartic andemmeuago-ui operation. Officinal preparations. Dose ii to xgrs. Family d'ttijcr.r—Stalaginitis Cambogioides—Oamboge —Natural History and preparation of the article. Analysis. As a cathartic very powerful in its operation ; and exerciser. an impression strongly irritating upon the mucous mem- brane. Employed to given. ti\ it v toother outliarta-—in Tauia—and in the formation of cathartic pills. Dose vi to3i Family Cucvrbitaira—Cucu mis Colocyntb is—Colocyntb or Hitter Apple—Natural History. The spongy membra- nous pnrtof the fruit (in ployed in Medicine. Ellectsupon the svMt'tn of a vers drastic and irritating character. I las been employed in Mania, Melancholia,and in cases where a powei lid impression on the system was required. It may be doubted whether it was ever necessary to resort to • active an article. The compound extract of Colocyntb, milder and more useful—Preparation—combined with calomel operate? without griping or inconvenience. Dose iv to vi grs. M un-rdica Ela'terium—AYild or Squirting Cucumber— Natural History—Article used in Medicine—Preparation from tlie fruit—Method of preparing it—Analysis—Kbit in. Flaterium very powerful in its operation, and classed among the most active articles of the Materia Medic a. Employed in Hvdrothorax, and as an alterative remedy iu obstinate diseases of long standing. Dose ]-J gr. to ii grs. C arbo L i gn i—Preparation—Mild ly ca t hart ic—U .-,< fl P •n I)\ pepsia, habitual costiveness, and probably in hepa- lic derangements. Dose—A teaspoonful to a tal-I*.spoonful, in water or milk. in t< / / 19 MIXERAL CATHARTICS. Protochloride of Mercury, or Calomel—Preparation- Properties numerous, and diversified, rendering it one of the most important articles of the Materia Medica. Par- ticularly useful as an evacuant in many cases, (a) " Im- parts force to the mild, and moderates the severity of drastic Medicines." (b) It commences its action higher in the alimentary canal than any other, and is well calculated to relieve the stomach by determining downwards, as well as to deplete the liver and the other chylopoietic yiscera. Useful therefore in the bilious and other fevers of our cli- mate, (c) Corrects the hepatic secretions, " increasing them xvhen deficient, and lessening them when in excess." (d) Its small bulk, its insipidity, render itsexhibition easy, and allow of its being retained when other-articles would he rejected, (e) Useful in the diseases of children. Rules by which Ptyalism may be prevented. Dose v to x grs. given in syrup. Flores Sulphuris—Preparation—Mild in its operation, and chiefly exerted upon the large intestines. Useful in costiveness and in haemorrhoidal affections. Action upon the general system; employed in Intermit- tents, Chronic Rheumatism, Catarrhs, and Pulmonic Affec- tions, unattended with much inflammatory action. In Cutaneous diseases, internally exhibited and externally employed. Used in the form of ointment, fumigations, baths. Officinal preparations{ Dose 3i to 3iii Carbonate of Magnesia—Preparation—Of much utility in Medicine—Becomes active by meeting with an acid in the stomach—Calcined Magnesia preferred, especially in the diseases of children-—-Preparation. Employed as a laxative and an antacid. Used in combination with other articles-—Antidote to the Mineral acids when taken in a large quantity. Formula. Dose 3ss to 3ii Neutral Salts. Saline Mineral Waters—General remarks upon their composition—Sedlite—Analysis—Cheltenham—Analysis —Congress Spring, Saratoga, and Ballston, Newr-York, &cc. Enemata—General remarks upon them—Composition- proper instrument described. Suppositories- ;'u Diveiox 3. Embraces those mains hi u-ho-h wr dtstray or counteract morbid substances lodged in the alimentary canal. AXTHta.MiN; n< s. Worms infesting the alimentary canal divided into the round and flat. 1. \scaris Lumbricoides, or long round worm, (b} Ascaris \'cruiiculari-,«a (>\\ :uas Vermioulnns, maw or thread worm—(c) Trichuris vulgaris—longtho ad worm. Ascaris Lumbricoides—describ(al—the portion of the intestines in which usually found—sexes distinct—and ovi- parous—the uterine system exhibited—the number of eggs produced very considerable, tho' several causes prevent their devclopement. (b) Ascaris Yermieuluris—ascarides, bee. The portionof the Intestinal Canal in which usually found—Sexes distinct and oviparous, (c) Trichuris Vulga- ris—described—of rare occurrence. 2. Of the Hat worms. (a) Fxithriocephaluslatus, or broad tape worm. Its anato- mical structure and habits—also oviparous, (b) T.-en'ia folium—solitary or common tape worm, described—ver- mes cucurbitini. ( higin of Worms—circumstances disposing to their pro- duction—Excite diseases, when their numbers a re increased to such adegree asto produce irritation-or fronia misplaced s.tatc of the worm—Diseases produced—not as frequent as commonly supposed. Symptoms of worms. PART K'I I.AR ANTHELMINTICS, Areanirrd according to the norm they are calculated to reniuM. Articles for the expulsion of the Ascaris Lumbricoides. Family (i>/ifio/oa:—Spigelia Marylandica or Pink Pool —Natural History. Elleets upon the system when in too large quantities, similar to those of the Narcotic poisons— system soon recovers from the effects. Administered in powder and infusion. Do-e powder, x to xv grs. repeated. Infusion, 3i to3iiof the roots, in a pint and a half of wa- ter, simmered to 1 pint—a wine glassfull sweetened with syrupevery two hours—followed by a cathartie. Family Ml'tacta—Melia A/.edarach—Pride of India— Poison berry tree. Natural Hi-tory. Useful and even. valuable article. Administered in the form of a strout.' deeoetion of the bark of the root. Do- 3-s to ?i every 2 In air's, or small tea cup full every night, for several nights, fbllowtd by a eathnifi'- 21 Family Chenopodece.—Chenopodium Anthelminticurn— Natural History—Nearly every part of the plant active. Dose of the expressed juice—A table spoonful.. Seeds—a tea spoonful. Oil of the seeds—v to x and xx m. Family Leguminosce—Groffrcea Inermis—Cabbage tree bark. Seldom employed. Dolichos Pruriens—Cowhage—Natural History—Hairy spicuke of the pods employed—Given in the form of an electuary with syrup—operation mechanical—seldom re- sorted to. Dose, a tea spoonful to a child. Table spoonful to an adult. Family Lo.urineee—La.urusCamphora—Valuable not only in expelling worms, but prevents the developement of the verminous ova. 3ssto 3i, rubbed up with gum arabic, to which add water 3vii—dose 3ss. The Ascaris L. not being very tenacious of life, are easily destroyed and evacuated by remedies which exert a cath- artic operation. The most commonly resorted to are, the Proto Chloride of Mercury, given in a large dose at bed time, and removed from the system the next morning by castor oil, and the practice if necessary repeated. Family Ranvncidaca:—Helleborus Foetid us—very active upon the system, but not empkwed at present Scammony. Chloride of Sodium, or common salt—Dr.Rush's favorite Anthelmintic. Cedar Apple—description of the article, with an account of its introduction into practice, and of its effects—possess- ed of much activity as a remedial agent, but not superior to many others employed with the same intention—manner 6f administering it—powder—tincture and decoction. (b) Ascaris Vermicularis — symptoms, seat and other circumstances connected with their existence. The general health not much impaired by their presence—but are pro- ductive of much uneasiness and distress—are difficult to cure, from their tenacity of life, and burying themselves in the mucus of the first passages—Remedies—Enemata and Cathartics—the most important noticed. ■•» -J 1ST & jfiircumstar.ces rendering"recourse to enemata propoj. Articles of which composed. Remedies /'or V ?n ia. Family /•Wj'«.^-Polyp«xliuni Fijix Mas—Male Fern- Natural History. Constituted the basis of Madame Nouf- feur's remedy. Character as an Anthelmintic. \),)>c, 3i to 3iii of the powdered root, tor several morning! in succession, f'flowed by acaihartic,or given in thr form of decoction. Family Conit'mr—Oil or Spirits of Turpentine—To br effectual, it mat be given in large doses, and its exhibition is usually followed by a considerable calhartic operation, and a discharge of Tania. Dose, ^ss to ?i in milk, or mixed with honey. Family Myrtaccr—Punica (3ranatum—Pomegranate— Decoction of the bark of the root. Spoken of in high terms by the Phvsicinns of India,gi\ en in powder and decoction. Dose of the Powder—x grs to 3i. Decoction prepared by boiling ?ii of the bark of the rooi in Water 1 1-2 pint to 1 pint. Dose ?ii every half hour until the worm is expelled Drast ic Cathartics—Jalap, Colocyntb,Scamrnony, (Jan: boge, &tc. Division 4. antacids Division 5. M'(hemes which promote pa rticula i secrttions. (a) Of the skin. DIAPHORETICS. Nature and importance of Perspirat ion—Proportion which it bears to the other excretions—Experiments of Sunctorius. Joining. Of the means by win eh it is excited—1. Agents which increase vascular action. 2. Agents which relax the cuta- neous vessels. 3. Agents apolied to the surface. Remarks upon these divisions, and the circumstances under which they become useful and proper. Efficacy of those articles //..-■ ■ ;., / i •/, t-z \ L-n '. ,,( (< improved by their union—Rules to be observed in their ad- ministration. Application of Diaphoretics to diseases. Particular Diaphoretics and such as increase arterial action: Family Papaveracea-—Papaver Somniferum—Peppy. Effects of Opium upon the nervous and vascular systems- Free use among the Turks and Persians. To obtain its diaphoretic operation it is seldom employed alone, but is combined with various articles—as the Antimonial prepar- ations-1—Ipecacuanha—Calomel. These combinations use- ful in Inflammatory diseases after depleting measures have been freely pursued. Under these circumstances, symp- toms of irritation often succeed, which symptoms are re- lieved by opium, and with peculiar good effects when uni- ted with the above—combined with calomel particularly,an anti-inflammatory operation is exerted: Dose 1 gr. Family Laurinece—Laurus Camphora—also the Dryoba- lanops Camphora, a tree which grows to a great height in the forests, on the coast of Sumatra—Natural History—- Manner of separating camphor from the wood—Purification —Obtained from several aromatic plants—differs in its 6bmposition from that obtained from the above—Qualities —Effects upon the vascular system, and cutaneous vessels —Combined with tartarized antimony—calomel—and with aipium. Formula; Doseij to viii grs. Carbonate of Ammonia. Preparation. Seldom em- ployed in this state as a diaphoretic; but united to vinegar. whereby an acetate of ammonia is formed and held in solu- tion. It is of much utility, and may be beneficially em- ployed when required. Dose, Iss every hour. Family Synantherece—Eupatorium Perfoliatum-—Tho- roughwort — Indigenous — Natural History—Properties— j Employed as a diaphoretic in fevers in the form of infusion. 3ii to ?ss in a quart of boiling water. Dose ^ss to f ii Family Apocyncce — Asclepias Decumbens—Pleurisy Root—Indigenous—Natural History—Employed in disea- ses of the pulmonary system—Promoting expectoration— relieving the breathing, &c. Given in the form of an infu- sion. 5ss of the root to 1 qt. water. Dose, a tea cup full. Family Aristolochice, Aristolochia Serpentaria—Virginia ^no.keroot — Indigenous — Natural History—Properties— u\ Employed in the advanced states of fever, attended wni, T\phoid symj.toms, alone, or in <:ombination. I ormula. a to 5ii in a pint of boiling water. Dose $i. Asarum Virgiuicum—Heart Snake lb»oi. Indigenous. ^'itural History. Employed as the preceding. Asmuui Canadensc, or Wild (linger. Indigenous. Natu- ral History. Employed as the prevvdim:- Family Araliace i— Aralia Spinosa—Prickly A.-h—Indt- 2 '.ous—Natural History. Fmployed in Rheumatism, and m the formation of Diet Drinks, 3i of tl bark of the root to I pint spirits. l>o>e 3i to 38i repeat"-d. Family Rutacea—Guaiacum Oineinale. Natural History — Properties. Employid in the formation of decoctions combined with other alterative's in Svpbilitic affections. Chronic Kheumatism, and Cutaneous Diseases. si to 311 tofbiii water reduced to lbii. lb sin of (iwtiac—Manner in which it is obtained from Ujc tree-—Peculiar substance — Properties. I'sed in the e'nronic st il;c of bMieumatism combined with various arti- cle— lathe pains follow ing Dengue fever—In Dysmenorr- h.n in the form of Tincture. Formula. Dose, powder, x to 3ss Tincture 3ii to 3vi. I )eeoetion, lbi daily. Familv Thymbir—Daphne Mezercen. Natural History. Properties—but rarely employed alone. Family Aspararrinra.'—Smilax Sarsaparilla — Natural I lb- tory—Ainilysi.s—Parilliua— Proper!its—Alterative and sub tonic. In proceeding to speak of this article, I would observe that the remarks made, will not have reference to the Sars- aparilla alone, but they must be understood as applying to it in its various states of combination. liv itself, it is highly useful, but the good effects derived from thisa.ndother simi- lar articles as the guaicum—incz<-reon—sassafras, kc are y" itly increased by combination with each other. It i« therefore of the combinations of this article, contributing as ♦aev do, to their increased activity, as well as to the greater convenience of admuiistrat ion, that the practical remarks I shall make, will apply. Sarsaparilla and its combinations is admirably adapted 10 the secondary stages of S\ philis. The secondary forms / -) the most painful, loathsome, and mortifying affections of the human body—Originating as these diseases do, not in single acts of folly, or the weakness to which human nature is sub- jected, but to a continuance of excesses, dissipation, and disease, the subject.of secondary syphilis, exhibits most frequently in constitution and appearance, a body impaired in its energies, crippled in its faculties. Mercury, alone, in a constitution like the one I have descril>ed, cannot be endu- red. Its stimulating, or rather irritating operation, under these circumstances, aggravates all the symptoms—harass- es the patient, and superinduces the most distressing con- sequences. Sarsaparilla,and the vegetable alteratives,com- bined with very minute quantities of the per Chloride of Mercury, in the manner 1 shall point out, forms a prepara- tion freed from the objections just made, and a medicine well adapted to the disordered states of the constitution, now urider consideration. It wall be found excellent in re- storing the appetite, strength, and flesh of the patient. It will complete the cure of ulcerations of the palate, throat, and mucous membrane of the nose—skin, and other parts. It will relieve noctural pains of the limbs, painful enlargements of the joints—of the bones, membranous no- des, cutaneous ulcerations, &e. It will efface the blotches, foul spots, stains, &ze. which in a constitution of this character so frequently occur from slight irritations,or which remain after the ulcerations have healed. It will remove that morbid condition of the solids and fluids, which disposes every injury, however slight, to dege- nerate into a festering, painful, scabby ulcer; It will, in short, so improve the digestive and assimilating operation* of the system, that a more healthy blood and more renewed fibre willbe substituted for the defective conditions of the one and the other, and thus fully support the charac- ter bestowed on these medicines, of being essentially alte- rative. To accomplish these objects,this class of medicines must frequently be long and perseveringly empkryed. It cannot be supposed that these great and important designs oan be effected with a few or lengthened repetitions of these substances. To their continued use, it will occasionally happen that other alteratives be added—as diet, change of cum rate, a long sea voyage, travelling. « ^.■ir.-aoarilln, »n.l its combinations xvill be found useful, hot only ui what is called syphilitic rlu-umali-m, but the chronic forms of ordinaiy rheumatism. Ii will be found useful in various aflietions <-f the skm pusi.ia, papilla:y—heqxM.c. I uder the hot, I wenild consider ne»t only the alii a/foiis prop* al\ >o railed, but that ve-rv trouhloomc d:>c.ise- Tenia capita, v hieh, when long existing, refuse* to vie-hlt.- local remedies, and reeiuirestha aiel of" such as are const it in ional. The combinations e>f which I am speaking, will be found usefulintlicchionie-ulcerations, ofVueli frequent of cumnee: in »li<^ laboring and poorer classes of soeuoiy. The tonic and alterative impressions excited, contribute to the rapid and suce es.d'ul operations of granulation and cicatrization. From the remarks I have made upon these articles you will beeouvinced that I repose no >niall eonfieleaiee in their xirtiu's—and with the opportunities I have-bad of preseri- bngthem.in constitutions impaired and debilitate el Irom' diseases mid c.xctsscsof various kinds, in habits vitiated frmn a scrophulous or venereal taint, or from the injudicious use t^\' Mouiy: the relief which, in many instance's, has b<*cn afforded, fully eailitle-s theill to these- counneiidal ions. 1 might say more, but I shall probably be charged with ex- travagance. I trust I have said sufficient to direct "your atte'iition to theirvirtues and efficacy. / Preparation --Simple- Decoction—Compenmd Deeoe-tion —S\nips are! l-lxtr:«-ts—Feirmula. Decoction pre parcel by boiling. 3 iiof the roots in 1 pints of water for 4 hours, in a vessel Hglitlv eovoivd and plae:ed near the fire; then taking out tli<- n>ots, brui.dng them, returning them against the liquor; maee rate in a similar manner fe>r 2 hemrs more, and boil to 2 pints and a half—strain. Dose, 1 pint daily. S( I'.STITI TES. Smilax Hcrbacea—Inebgcnous. Smilax Pseudo China—China Briar; Tnelig< nous. F.nnilv Vlmacea—Flmus Fulva—Inner bark of the Elm, used in the form of deception, ulone, or combined with other articles. i7,\ Il'nndiorif'cs elich produce pi >:*piration hy rclaxiug the cu- tat" ot'i vciw. Is. y'h. 2^ Antimonial Preparations—Tartarised Antimony. Pro- motes the excretions. This property supposed to be ceai- nected with the production of nausea—Nausea not essential, but perspiration is the result of a direct and specific action upon the ve-ssels of the skin ; to this must be added its seda- tive and febrifuge operation, properties which particularly adapt it to the excited stages oidisease-Combinations. For- mula. Dose, 1-G gr. Pulcis Antimouialis—or Oxyd of Antimony with Phos- phate of Enne--Preparation : Oh en an inert substance— Employee I in febrile and inflammatory affections—in deter- minations to the head, and when the article has been proper- ly prepared is'decidedly useful. Dose, iij'to v grs.. Kermes Mineral and Golden Sulphur a of Antimony—Pre- paration—Of more uniform strength and equal activity. Dose, ii to v grs. Ipecacuanha—Diaphoretic—In small doses useful in Ca- tarrhal and Pulmonic Affections—diminishing the mucous secretion in some cases, and in others exciting it when defi- cient ; useful in other increased discharges from the mucous membrane,as in diarrhoea and dysenteries—Given in small doses alone, or combined with opium and the sulphate of potash, as in the Dovers Powder. Dose, fs to ij grs. Dovers Powder, v to x grs. Nitrate of Potash—Saltpetre—found native and prepared artificially—Properties : to increase its powers, usually combined__as with Tartarised Antimony, or Tartarised Ant: and Calomel, forming the Nitrous and Antimonial Powders__Formula. The Cn/stals of this Salt sometimes mistaken for GlauberSalts—Effects of a large dose—Symp- toms—Treatment. Crystals of other articles, wuich may be mistaken for each'other; Sulphate of Zinc for Sulphate of Magnesia ; and the last, for the crystals of Oxalic Acid j Antidotes Ox- alic Acid...Lime...Magnesia...forming an insoluble Oxalate of Lime. Carbonates of Soda and Potash—Given in the form of Neutral mixture and-effervescing draught—Formula. Soda Pmcders. »« (c) A\x> "■'." applied to the ^ 'Vc».<. Regulated bv the condition of the -kin--N\ ie'i e\l air, cold apphcutions, sponging with .q>ii its vinegar, fcc. C/ pot and Warm lia.th—Eflcets. Vapour Baths. .1 nning's Instrument described. .Minor Means. Division 6. M'diei/ies which promote the secret am af the Kotto y.<. DIURETICS. Office-of the Kidneys—Their secretory action promoted —(//) Bv increasing the quantity of fluid in the mass of blood—lb-marks upon the propriety of this practice-,and un- der what cireurnstanccs admissible—(/,) By intreiducing intei the- system such articles as stimulate the se ore-tories oi the kidneys—The saline- Diuretics ope-rate in this manner ; Proofs of their introduction—(d liv increasing the aetiori of the absorbents. The action of the ab-oib< aits excited by remedies or a varied and opposite character—These enn- gae rated. D -eases in which Diuretics are employed. Fn!it v of combining Medicinal forces in this class. I^ules for the administration of Diuretics. 2y PARTICULAR OIL UETICS., ^~ (b) And such as operate by stimulating the secretories of the Kidney. Preparotions of 1'i.ta.di.—Sub-carbonate of Potash—Pre- paration—.Best adopted to cases connected with acidity of \\'a: first passages—Combined wiih an infusion of Vegetable 'i'umes, its effects are nest promoted. IV e, 3i to 3ss. Acetate. Potash—An article formerly much esteemed, but not much employed at the present f:,.e. Bi Tartrate of Potosli, or Cream of Tartar—Prepara- tion—Very use mi article, and employed in all the forms of Dropsy, butchieny in ascites and anasarca—Experiments of Home, Ferriar, ai.d Mangbiii. To obtain success its Use must be perse-tod m ibr some time—either given alone or in an infusion of Quassia or other Tonics. It sometimes happens thai it. disorders the stomach and first passages', when its use n mat be intermitted. 3ss to li largely diluted with water. Dose, a small cup full. Nitrate of Potod,—Properties—Employed inTonicDrop- sies. Given largely diluted. 3i to 3iii dissolved in water or cider, and this taken in small doses in 24 hours. Spirifus (F/heris Nitrosi—Dulcified Spirits of Nitre— Preparation—Properties—Adapted to Children—Usually combined with other articles. Dose, infant, viii. to x m. Adult, 3itosss. Diuretics, which to a local stimulating action, also act as stim- ulants to the system, generally. Tinctura Cantliaridnm or Tincture of Cantharides-Nrdural History of the Ca.ntha rides—Manner of collecting and pre- serving them—Analysis—Effects upon the organic struc- tures of the body and particularly the urinary—Employed in the Atonic forms of Dropsy—In Dropsies succeeding Scarlitina ; in local diseases of the Urinary and Genital or- gans ; In incontinence of Urine ; In Gleets and long pro- tracted Gonorrheas ; In Leucorrhea ; Impotence. Dose, xv to xx m. to 3ii and 3ii. ^v \f ■■„•—P juration ; 1 >;arctic operation eon-admable-. I >ose. xv grs. te»i>i. F nnlv Cv m; funis Palu-tris; < >1: Tcnbintbi ,a-; Preparation ; Injects upon the system : Applied to the same diseas • as the Tmei. of Camhariele ,. Dose-, x\ to \x m. increasing. Funilv T, vumiitps '— Cop of r,i < )!]icinnlis—B ibam Co. pie. i-.Vitund I listorv—.\ualysis—Term balsam incorrect, b i.irr a compound of volatile oil and re- sin-Irritating opera- tjou uion tie- stomach and intestinal canal. Effects upon th" urinary organs—Diseases in whieh em- ployed—In Dropsies—but in thesoruses not entitled to parti- cular consideration. Employed in < hrouie Catarrhs— Hu- mid Coueli • ami the Chronic alK-etions of the nulmounry or ,rau8— In disease's of the ( b'-iiilal organs—(!onorrba'a,( diet, Leaeorrha s —Its modus operandi in the-e cases. Forms of Fxbibit! -n b: Drops— In Emulsion-Combined with the; Tiue'ture e.f ('ubeb>-Iu pills rubbed up with < \d- cined Magnesia —In Faiemata. Formula — Preparatioiis—Volatile- Oil—lb in—Consolida- ted Balsam. Adulterations. Dose-, XX m. to ei. Family I3 >' rrd' ,-- Polygala Seneha.-Nat mal History— Prop-rties much diversified—These enumerated—As a diu- i lie: has ben-n much « xte>lle-d by several physicians, as Mil- m m, I lartsh >rn,Pei-. i 1. It is not very efficaciousemployi d alone, but re |uire-s the co-operation of other articles, as thri Kit r i'cof Pot isli—uper Tartrate of Potash—The slates of |he syste-m to which it is best adapted—Employed in dis- ousc.s oi' the re-pirateny system—Given in the lorui of de- coi lion, Prepared by boiling, *ess of the root in a pint of water, dose 1\ Powder, grs. \ to 'Ji. (c) Diuretics which op* rate by increasing (he action of the ah- torbt ets. The several modes in which this may be efli-eted,pointed put. Family Liliacti—SeiUa M iritima, or Squills—Used in all the forms of Dropsy—Given to the fullest e-xtent the- patient can bear withemt vomiting. To this i\> jra it shouM bccontinoed.when its benoliciaiefFects will be '.\p^;ienc d. 31 Commencing with 3iv of the syrup or tincture, it tfiay he increased to .tier jiss in the 24 Ik airs—In Hydrothorax com- biucel with Calomel. Employed as an Expectorant in dis- eases of the respiratory system. , Pre-pa rations—Acetum Scillae—Oxymel Scillae—Tinct- ure Scilke. Dose\ powder, ii to viii grs. Tincture 3ss to 3ii Vinegar, same. Pamity Scrophula rice—Digitalis Purpurea—Foxglove—, Natural History—The proper period torgatheringthe leaves and their preservation. Effects of Digitalis upon the svs- rein—upeai the pulse—varies with the position of the body- often exerts but little sensible action, when its operation bee.-omes suddenly developed. Medical History. Employed in Dropsical Affections—Conditions of the system most favorable to its use—Forms of Dropsy to which it is best adapted.' Though its powers have been much overrated, there is also much inattention shewn to the states of the system in which its effects are best exhibited, and to the article being in a proper state, and properly administered. Given in the form of infusion—Preparation. Dose 3i to 5ss. Directions to be observed in its use-Utility in other diseases. In Hemoptysis of advantage in controling the circulation after depleting measures have been preiperly pursued—Employed in Haemorrhages from other organs— In Phthisis Pulmonalis of little value—No power to contend with Tubercular formations. Useful in other forms of Pulmonary diseases—Morbid effects produced by this ar- ticle—Symptoms of their approach. Treatment. Dose, powder, g. i Tincture, xx m. increased. £•" Family Solanece—Nicotiana Tabaeum—Employed as a Diuretic—It cannot be considereel a certain or convenient remedy. Dose of the Infusion GO to 100 drops. Family Colchiceee—Colchicmn Autumnale—Meadow Saf- fron. Natural History—Sensible Properties—Analysis- Introduced into practice by Baron Stork, and employed in Dropsies in the form Syrup. This preparation superceded, and in place of it the Colehycum Wine substituted. Effects upon the system. Employed in Dropsy, in Gout and Rheu- matism. In the last elisease, a tincture of the Seeds pre- ferred. Employed in the treatment of Isfiammatory dis- eases, acute as well as chronic. ;>■ Preparation's. JJose- oi the Oxyira 1, ii increased. (>f the Wine, \x\ to \l m. (», the iineiure of the seeds, x\ to xx.t « Dim-' 'ics varied i.u tfwir - ' •''• Family Irishes—idis Vr-r-un.lor, or Blue Flag. indie' n< a-. Nut u ml Hist 'V- Uevtsupon the syMcui-Ejuplny- cd :n Drop.':- .,combined with the; Hui'on Sn.d.o If *H,ucd tl is ui it' d, has been used with great advantage in obsti- nate cji t s. (iiven in Dccoi lion. roimula. Dose, I pic! daily. Faa.ilv Vude^lliftrir—Fryngimn Aquatic -urn vol Yucrifi>- |jn:a—Imiton Snake i>'oot. iudig' nous-Nat lira I Histr>r\- Pre.pci-iit s. I'l.ited v nh the pre( eding article in th. trcat- iucm: of Dropsies. In the- form of Tincture, employed in Indigestion, ice-. Dose, Tincture, ~i increased. Apium Pi troselmum—Parslr,. Indigenous—Natural Hi-tory. lTseful in Strangury—In suppression of Prim: occurring inchildivn—Employed in the form of Decoction of the 1001—alone,or combined with the Niti ate o( Potash. Family /' •rinea—Chimaphila ( anbellata—Pip.-i-scwa. Indigenous—Natui.a! flistory. Pi«p< rt'e-s. Employed in Dropsical \ta-etioi --, particularly in those < a. es nee a.mpa- ni el with enleebh d digestion, and languid condition of the vital pe>wcis. 1 pint e>f a strong infusion, daily F arm ally e•mpl..yed as a waeh fin' foul ulcers. Familv . f >ni■'.-—Ah-tris Karinosa—Star Gr iss—Tndigc- uou-. Natural Hbioev. Fa ployed in similai ea ses. ! )i e. iction of the n>(,t Hid |(.'U VCS ill liberal dose . ():lie-r articles— Eryge-ron 1 b-terophyliutn. Sweet Scabious. Ahyranthes \\ y<\\*, !'■-rly Knot, \;e. (Je-ne ral prince i determining lh<- extent of operatiTi of tills class of Medici:'" . DlVls'oX ^. litiiox ran i u .s and a vrr.rr>/' Potash and of Soda—Eatter j"»referred—ca- ■ s of their utility e-ited—Administered in solution with 'h<- rnieilage of gum arabie- or in weak broth; ox saturated with caibemic acid ga . I )ose r)i l.oZss repeated. >s'< ap—Has n,; .advantage s< pa rate freun the alkali it con- tains,and as in this stale-, it is apt to impair the digestive powers of the stomae-h, anel lay the foundation of dyspepsia, s seldom e-mployed. 3ss to ??s elaily in pills. . Idmr Wat,r—w:i- much coinniended by Dr. Whytt, and benefit was supposed to have- been derived from its use- in Lord Walpeui '-case—but it is an ine-omeuhent and me-lli-e- livc form of alkaline medicine-, anel not entitled te> much (i >n-alerat roll. I ejuart to 3 pints daily. }! '{ursii—lias peculiar advantages in the- crises undri consimflc the (dttai.-.tdal S EMMENAGOGUES. General Remarks upon the Catamenia—Its nature and importance. Its suppression connected with several forms of chronic disease—Objections to the efficacy of this class considered-Means by which the secretion is excited. (a) Such as increase arterial action. Under this division is comprehended those articles which stimulate the arterial system: and those which give tone to the system generally. Family Polygalect—Polygala Seneka—Properties—Cases of its utility cited—Best adapted to habits that are weak and feeble—and of a temperament apparently cold and leuco- phlegm'atic—Manner of preparing it for use, and the best period for its administration—Exhibited in the form of Decoction, 3iitofssof the root to water 1 pint, simmer a short time viitox oz. daily. Family Conferee—Juniperus Sabinaor Savin—Natural History—Properties—Experiments of Home and others, with this article as an emmenagogue. The constitutions to which itisbest adapted are the weak and relaxed—Employed also in Chronic Rheumatism. Externally employed in powder as an escharotie— In in- fusion as a wash for ulcers—In taenia capitis, and in the form of ointment to keep up the discharge from blistered sur- faces. Dose, powder, 3i to 3ii Decoction Ii of the leaves to water 1 pint, boiled to half a pint, to which add syrup |ii—dose, a wine glassful every 2 or 3 hours. Juniperus Virginia—Natural History—Properties and usew as the preceding. Tinctura Canthar id urn—Tincture of Cantharides—Effects upon the abdominal and more especially the pelvic viscera —Its utility connected with its operation on the latter—parti- cularly when given'to the extent of producing strangury- Cases of its efficacy cited—Connection of several chronic forms of disease with the suppression of the Catamenia exhibited, viz. Mania, Nymphomania, Epilepsy, Phthisic, Dose, xv toxxm. increased. 36 Family Rubiacea*—Rubia Tinctorum-Madder-Nat ui al History-IYoperiH s-Experimentsof liome- and others. Ar- ticle of little value. Dose, Zss to 3i Secale Cornutum-Spurred Rye-Krge»l-Natural History --Sensible- Properties—Its promim-nt ell_;ue operation—The leumci operation is not more remarkable, than the almost instanta- ne-ous manner in which uterine contractions are produccd- Ruie-s to beobserveil in its administration—Cases in which it mav be resorted to with great aelvnntgc—Object .ons to its employment answered. Itse-mincnagogue operation consi- dered, with cases of its e-fneacy. Dose-, powde-r, xv to x\ grs. De-e-oction, "Ai\ in ^jivof water. Dose, 1-3 every 'JO minutes. Tinct. of Guaiae-a valuable article in Amenorrhea and Dysmenorrhea. Dose, a tea spoonful in half anemne-eof water or milk. Stimulating injections into the vagina. Electricity--An agent e>f considerable importance in re- moving ut'-rineobstructions—Tbise-fK-cn-el by its increasing the- circulation, anel promoting the glandular seeretions- Audiorities in support of its efficacy—Cases of its utility cited. Othe-rs of minor e-fficae-y. Rosmarinus Officiualis— Hosemary. Mentha Puligium—Pennyroyal. Monarda Punctata—Mountain Mint. (b) Remedies which increase arterial action by ginng 'one to the system. A menorrhaeabein tr'>fte-nee)nnected with a debilitated state of the svstCarl>oriateof Iron— Pre -paratioti—a useful article and iseuiployeel alone,but more advantageously combined with other articles—F(>raiula—Chalybeate Wine. Dos-, jK)\vd«-r, x to xv trrs. Chalybeate Wine, hi to I:■:-:. ) I y > 11 t-T 0-. m'f V '*', 37 Proto Sulphate of Iron-Preparation-a useful and moie active article-also combined with other articles. Formula. Dose, i to ij grs. Tinctura Muriatis Fcrri~Preparation~an agreeable anel efficacous article. Dose, viii to xii m. in a infusion of Colombo or Quassia. Any of the above preparations may be employed advan- tageously when these articles are required-and they will be found to contribute greatly to improve the digestive powers —to promote a more perfect assimilation of the food—to re- store the impeded sccretions-and the languid action of the uterine as well as other parts of the systcrn-By their tonic, united to an astringent operation, they will be found useful in immoderate discharges, particularly in Menorrhagia, Eeue-orrheea, Gleets, S~c. Other means-as exercise, cordial diet, &c, (c) Remedies which reduce action. Bloodletting-Cathartics—and of these any of the mild preparations already mentioned may be employed—a few- have been particularly recommended, as Family Ilanunculaccee-'Rellehonis Niger. Natural His-. tory-Character-Dangerous and drastic remedy-rarely employed. Aloe Perfoliata...Natural History and operation already considered...Given united with other substances...Hooper's Pills, Comp. Tinct. Aloes, &c. Preparations of Mercury-They are employed, not only as evacuants, but to renew secretions-For this purpose their use is continued in moderate doses until slight ptyalism is accomplished, and in very obstinate cases, this course aided by blisters to the inner parts of the thighs, will in all prob- ability be attended with beneficial effects. Division 9. Medicines which promote the secretions from the Bronchial pas- sages. EXPECTORANTS. State of the bronchial secretion in health~in disease... The action of this class considered, and the circumstances under which their operation is promoted. .;> I'AiericiLAU Exrr.crouA.x'rs. {it) Depleting Itemed its. (b) Midicints which have their act'noi upon the stomach and opera'e by increasing the pulmonary withlhe insensible teen lions of the curj'cc-. Ipecacuanha and tartarized Antimony of this eharactcr- G'.vea combined with other articles and :u small doses. ScillaMaritima — Fseful artiede-, particularly in the disea- ses of children-Compound Syupof Squills. (■•■) Frpi c'orants which operate as stimulants. Family / 'mhdd'fnv—Gum Ammoniac. Natural History... Preparation...Properties...Empl<»ycd in Pulmonary all' r- tious, where the lungs arc oppressed by viscid phlegm...In Chronic Catarrhs—In A-ilmias, particularly the pituitary,or humid...In pneumonia after actum has been reduced—anel m p-ripneumonia Notha — In any of thesee-nses, it is often. of essential service in promoting expectoration, and reliev- ing respiration. Exhibition—Vide Formula. Gum Assufo-tula—Natural History dcscribeel hereafter. Useful in Pertussis—Tu.ssis Senilis—Chronic coughs, km. - i eu in the form of a watery solution. Dose, 3ii to 5ss. Poiygala Seneka—Expectorant properties conside-rable —Employed in Pulmonic afflictions after inllammatorv action has been reduced—when the patient is oppressed with a dry conedi or difficult expectoration—In Cynanchc Trae-healis as a secondary remedy, anel when employed the decoction should be stronger than is usually gi veai. Formula The decoction when of ordinary strength is prepared!)) boiling 5ss zi of the root inwater lbiss to 1 pint, other arti cles being added to make it more agreeable;. Doc, %ss to l'\. Family Campauulocio— Lobelia Inflata—Indian Tobaey-i}. Natural History—Properties—Action upon the; fauce-sajd the salivary and mucous secretions—I'pon the stomach produces Nausea, and when in large doses, vomiting fre- qac.idy succeeds—Employed in A.-thma—In the- pectoral affections of chi'lren—In threatened Croup, for its emetic i....1 expectorant pre»perties. Dose—Saturated tincture Ii to 3ii. Chudrr-n xx to xl. m. Infusion—iss to water 1 pint. Dose, sss toli. Syrup for children similar in its effects to squills—3i to lii. Family Ldiacew—Allium Sativum—C arlic---Natural History—Properties—Employed in catarrhal affections of long continuance—Given in the form of Expressed juice, Ii to iss Syrup of Garlic, atablcspoonful. Fa mil v Legum inoser — Myroxy !on Toluiferum -— Bal- sam of Tola—Nuttmd History—Obtained by making inci- sions into the bark of the tree, from which it exudes in con- siderable abundance—Analysis—Fseful as an expectorant when vascular action has been reduced, or when Iktle ex- citement exists—Employed alone or more commonly united with other articles. Formula. Hill's Balsam of Honey—a preparation of this article, useful in the chronic coughs, and pectoral affections of old people. Dose, Tincture Bals. tolut. 3i to lii Balsam, 3ss suspended in xvater by mucilage orhonej'. Myroxylon Peruiferum — or Peruvian Balsam — Nat- ural History-—Obtained by incisions made into the bark of (ne tree—Anahsis—Employed as the preceding. Doses the same. Copaifera Officinalis—Balsam Copaiva—To its other properties must be added its very valuable operation in the chronic stages of Pulmonary affections—As Chronic Ca- tarrh—In increased discharges from the mucous membrane lining the bronchia?, &c. Dose, \x toxxxm. (d) Articles which allay irritation oj the mucous membrane, lining the larynx and trachea—the existence of which excites coughing. Family I^egumi noser.—Glycirrhiza Glabra-—Liquorice— Natural Histoiy—Preparation of the Extract—Employed in Catarrhal and Pulmonic affection?—In coughs, hoarseness, See. combined with other articles. Formula. Mimosa Nilotica—Gum Arabic. Natural History—Manner in which obtained from the tree—varieties to be met with in commerce...Most valuabl&ef dl the gums and mucilage- 1* •ions- suhstan es...Useful.vijuvnnf to other substances in the Urination of Pectoral mixtures...and for allaying irritation in various parts of the bod v. Family fd/uac a— Semen I,ini...l lex Seed. Natural Ilis- 1ory—Much emple>yed as the prece-dim:. Decoetionof the seeds sweetened with honey, and acid- ulated. hiha!.:litai*. General Remarks—Mildest vapour of warm water-of Vinegar and water--!/ -.-•"s/b/.-//A/^o/g—Spirits, inipreguati.-d with othe-r substance —I-dines of Tar-t'asin, ^a;. Voumatic Medicine. Division-10. Ei'isiwsTies. History of the employment of blisters—Phenomena ari- sing from their applie-atiem—The mexlus operandi of blistej■>, in the cure of disease's--To give to this subject all the impor- tance it deserves, the strue-ten1 and re-lations of ihe skin briefly considered. The beneficial e-Heets e>f this cla.-s ar ranged under the three- Inlawing divisions : (a) J There the actions of the systan th ret ten to become toe wi ah. Their utility exhibited in the several forms of febrile dis- eases—In Typhus and other continued Fevers—In remit- tents—In the advanced stage-s of inflammatory fevers. (b) J There they are irregular. As in convulsive- affections—In apoplexy—Mania—In affections of the alimentary canal—Cholera—Cholic—Di- arrhoa. • (r) Win re they ore partially too slrong. As in allleical inflammatory affee-tions—The- properperiod for the application of blisters considered—The e-ounections of the skin with the general system concluding these re- marks. ARTICLES COMPOSING THE CLASS CIMSPASTTCS. Cantharis Vesicate>ria—or Sp:mi.-h Fly. Natural History —Manner of collee-tingand preser\iugthe Flies—Analvsis- Cantharidin—Preparation of the etiutuunt, size and shape of the plasters when applieel to particular part —Their proper application-Part- of the brdy selected when thcal—Dressinp 'if blisters. 41 Their effects upon the Constitution, particularly the uri- nary bladder...producing strangury...Treatment. Lytta Vitata or Potato Fly...Natural Flistory. Effects as the preceding. Nitric Acid...Employed in diseases which are violent and rapid in their course, forthe production of speedy vesication -Thus used in the Cholera Morbus of India...In the low states of fever...In comatose affections, and in cases where the ordinary process of blistering is resisted. Manner of applying the acid. Rubifacients...Their general effects, and cases in which they are usefully employed. Family Crw«/erce...Sinapis or Mustard...The very benefi- cial effects derived from it in disease, in the form of Cata- plasm, as a stimulating and revulsive remedy. The seeds administered in several diseases with results not very deci- sive. OI: Terebintbinae—Very useful article, commonly em- ployed combined. Formula. Issues. Setons and Caustic Issues—Useful auxiliary in several chronic diseases—In Pulmonic affections, Chronic Hepatitis —Dysentery—Hypochondriasis—In obstinate Leucorrhea, Menorrhagia, &c. applied near to the seat of the disease. Division 11. Medicines which promote the secretions generally, and particu- larly the salivary. SIALOGOGUES. External or Masticatories. Internal—Hydrargyrum or Mercury—Natural, Medical and Chemical History—The preparations of Mercury consi- dered under the three following heads: (a) As they are formed by Trituration. Pilulee Hydra rgyri or Blue Pill—Preparation—one of. the mildest of the Meueurial preparations—Much employed to produce a Mercurial impression on the system, and- as a I-J hutative Can be administered to patients of an irritable constitution, with whom the more active articles disagree-. Employed in the treatme-nt of various affectionsof the sto- mach and chvlopoictic viscera. Dose, iv to vi grs. 1 gr. of Mercury is contained in 4 grs. of the mass ac- cording to the Edinburgh formula, Deu in iiiof the London Do. in ij ss of the Dublin The first is pr< ferred. Mi>iura Hidrargyri Mu, da^iroisa—Preparation—but rare- ly employ eel. Unguenfum Ilydninryrt—or Mereairial ( hutment— Prepa- raticu—Mercury exists in the ointment partly oxydated,and partly in the sine of minute me-chanical division — Employ- ed in the feirm e»f friction when, the other preparations disa- gree with tin- bowells, producing griping, purging, km anel where it is desirable to produce- a prompt operation, upon the system. Used tor the eliscussion of tumors, buboes—In Erysipelas. Preparation eif the patient before commencing the frictions. Ti. tin-ordinary quantity to be-rubbed into the inner part of the thigh, groins, and genitals, or inner part of the arm aneiaxi'la. llyhargyrum mm Cnto—Pre-pa ration—Employed with advantage: in the disordered condition of the first passages' occurring in children, exhibiting as they often do an altered and morbid condition of the- secretions—being either (a) of a.greenish color, or clay e-olon-d, or while, or (b) as regards consistence thin and watery, or curdled, or slimy—or (r) as relate-s to odour, either highly offensive, or of an earthy smell—Under the above circumstances, -mall doses of this preparation will be found \e-rv beaiclicinl. Three grs. of the Hydrargyriuncum e-reta contain 1 gr. of Mercury. 1 )o .. . ij to iv grs. (/,) In rombinotion with Sidphur. I Hack Sidphuret of Mercury—.Ethiops Mineral—Pre par- axon—rarely employed. Ibd Sulphurct of Mercury, or F.ne-titious Cinnabar. Pre- paration— Purely employed internally, but chie-lly use el in fumigations to sores of a syphilitic character, or chronic cVcrufie■:!-. llemaiks upon Mercurial fummntionp. " » G.'1-lf' X V do (t) Preparations of Mercury by Acids. Protonitrate of Mercury or Red Precipitate~Piepn.rn.tion Externally employed as an escarotic. Sub deuto Sulphate of Mercury or Turpcth Mineral—Pre- paration. Properties. Perchloride of Mercury or Corrosive Sublimate- Preparation —Antivenereal properties considered—Employed with most advantage in the concluding stages of syphilis—Given in small doses, and in combination with the vegetable alter- atives—In cutaneous diseases, obstinate ulcerations—Chro- nic inflammations generally—Form of administration— Formula. Poisonous operation of the Perchloride—Effects upon the system in large doses. Treatment to be pursued. Antidotes —The best is albumen, or the white of eggs beat up with water, and taken in large quantity—It decomposes the cor- rosive sublimate, and forms a triple compound, consisting of albumen, muriatic acid and calomel—An ounce of the .white of eggs is required to neutralize 4 grs. of the corrosive sublimate. Externally employed in the formation of washes in cuta- neous diseases, and gargles in venereal sore throat. Dose, 1-8 to 1-4 gr. Protochloride of Aferc«H'"Calomel»Preparation-Its pro- perties very numerous and diversified-These enumerated -Its local operation upon the alimentary canal and neigh- boring viscera-Its operation upon the general system when given in sufficient and continued doses-Its power to excite an action different from the existing diseased one. It is -triese properties which give to Calomel its peculiar impor- tance,and render it subservient to many valuable purposes. Illustrated by its application to Diseases—The subject con- sidered in detail-Morbid effects produced .'from the use of Mercury—Hydra rgyrium—Ptyalism. Precautious by attention to which the very severe ejfects of Mercury on the mouth may in general 'be prevented—{o) By at- tending to the nature of the evacuations-as soon as they are changed either from a dark, ash or grey color, to the color of bile—or their consistence from being thin and wa- rerv, to a more natural appearance,which will always take place when the liver pours forth a more healthy secretion, {he medicine should be discontinued, or given at longer 44 intervals, (b) By omitting the use of the M diciue ;)s -eon as it exhibits the first indications of action upon the unns- The-se are, redness, a peculiar fa-tor upon being i imbed, and a slight ulceration about the teeth. (<■) By attending to the- constitution of the patieut—The- sialogogue- opeaationof Me-rcury is very badly borne by persons of delicate- habits, in whom the nervous temperament e-hielly prevails—Ii it) badly borne by jx-rsons advanced in life.whose constitutions ba\e been impaired bv previous attacks ol sickness, and who are therefore weak anel enfeebled, {d) 'flic sialogogue operation of Mercury should not be attempted in persons under V2 years of age. Bv attending to these rules,severe instances of salivation will be preve-nted from occurring, 1 will not say invariably, but in a great majority of cases. Only observe the same precautions with this medicine, which are used witheithe-r active- articles. We discontinue the use of opium when sleep is indueeel, Digitalis when it :itlect> the brain anel the> organ of vision, Arsenie- when it proeluces intumescence- of the cellular membrane, anel Ca- lomel when it changes the se-erret ions. This is sometimes difficult to be-discovered, but atte-ntion is, on thai ace-ounf, the- more necessary, particularly as its effects are more last- ing, and distressing. Treatment of Ptyalism. Divismx \'2. Mtdtcaas, the effects of which are exhibued on the system gene* rally. (aider this division are comprised Stimulants or Inci- tants properly so called—Narcotics—Antispasmodics— Tonics—anel Astringents. STI.Ml. I.AXIS, Definition—Their impression is made- upon the? nervou:; energies of the stomach, which being communie-ated to the sensorium, is thence diffused over th<-system. They are usefully employed in those- cases of debility suee-eeeliiig fe- vers, or other violent diseases, when the morbid action cea- ses, and no organic disorder remains—Fndei these; circum- stances, the powers of the constitution languish, the cire-u- Tation is feeble, and the digestive function is weak—The functions here are materially assisted by a supply of "rn- tle stimulaiimi, and it is then that they are useful and safe. PARTICULAR STIilULAXTe. Snh Carbonas Apmoniec—Concrc-te volatile Alkali. Pre- paration—Properties, Empkryed in low and malignant forms of fever, and in such as are called putrid. Formed. Jn Typhus Pneumonia, but with caution; In Cardiale a dirpeueling upon acidjty; In gastric affections succeeding habits of irregularity and debaucli ; In Rheumatism con> bincd with the Tinet. of Guaiae, izc ; In the bites of vcnc-, iuous reptiles. Fseel also as an external application. J dse, grs. v to x. in Julep or pill. Camphor— ;-bdistance peculiar to its operation—Much employed in low and malignant forms of disease, nlterna-- ted with the vol: alkali. Formula— In Gangrene—In eruo- tive fevers to pi emote the fflling of the pustules, and to bring them bae'v a ft or they have receded-In Inflammatory fc- veis after action has been reduced, combined with relaxing- diaphoretics... In several chronic disorders combined with other articles...In Mania-a-Potu...External employment. Dose, grs v to 3i. Family Conifra'...01: Terebinthinoe Rect...Natural His- tory— Prepara.tion...Very important article...Filmployed in Puerperal Fever...Produces its good effee-ts in these cases, by exciting a copious secretion from tlie whole internal mem- brane of tlie intestines, by which irritation is determined from the peritoneum...To this maybe added what has been termed a specific property in it3elf, by virtue of which it operates as an antidote to the morbid action which ex- ists. Epilepsy ... Chronic Rheumatism ... In obstructions of the bowels combined with Castor Oil..As an Anthelmintic —In Chronic Pulmonary affections, in Gonorrhoea, Eeucorr- ha;a, Dose, from 3i to fii 3i or less in chronic 'pains of limbs, chest or elsewhere 3ii to 31 ij in Epilepsy, Puerperal fever,Obstructions of the bowels, against Lumbrici |i to iii...T.-.vnia. Alcohol and its coml; nations—In the former state seldom if ever used internally, but is employed externally for several purposes—Diluted as it exists in wine, it is of essential im- lb lKirtu'aee in Medicine; being mote- agreeably exciium—more 'refreshing to the patient, and more readily retained than any other article-. Its stimulant operation is more perma- nent; it docs not exhaust excitability in any go-;it degree, and may beeousidered in comparison with ardent spirit.* ;i« exerting a tonic operation-Tin- eiivumstanees which Ibrbid its employment.and such as are favorable to its use—W'mca to be preferred. Substitutes for Wine. Poisonous operation of ardent spirits. Treatment. Tli-- practice in many res|n cts similar to that ree-ounnended w lire an overdose of Laudanum has been taken—substitu- ting the aejiia ammonia la rgedy diluted or the* acetate of Am- monia in the form of mixture, in place of eolli-e— lime juice ice. recommended to counteract the effects of Laudanum. Familv SoLinaaa—Capsicum \nnuum...Re-d IVpper... Natural J11story. Analysis...! 'apsicin...l'iuiplove-d as a e-ein- •diment. Used also in certain stage's of Dyspepsia...InCv- naue-he \1 ddua in the feirmofgareje-. Also in that deranged condition of the mucous membnuie of the stomach which accompanies the black vomit,but with li11 lc effect..Pi op ee<| also in febrile diseases for its stimulant and diaphoretic on >pert u.'s. Given in the form of infusion In Powder. Family Piperitoo—Piper .\ierum or Black Pcppeux .\a- itural Histeiry. Analysis—Oil—Piperin—Emplo\ed as a stiuiulantandcarinuiativc for several purposes; In Inter- mittent Fevers. Useful us a gargle in relaxed states ed' the Uvula and in certain ulea-ratious of the; throat. Do e, v te> viii of the seeds twice a day Powder, gr. iv to 3i Oil. i elrop Pipeline, l-O lo Jgr< Piper Cubeba—Cubebs. .\ antral History— Prope, tics- Analysis—Emplejyed in Gonorrhea and Leue.-orrhaea, alejne or combined with Copaiva. Formula. Dose, 3ss to 3iiof the- powder. . 3i to 3ss of the tincture Oil Cubebs m viii En .ma, 3vi to 3viii of the powder, combined with mucilage and administered to the patient. The practie-e repeated for rev- cral days. / 47 NARCOTICS. Definition of the class; The operation of Narcotics upon the system considered-Sensorial Stimuli-Manner in which death takes place from an overdose-Narcotics having been considered sedative in their operation, the reasons common- ly assigned considered, and the contrary maintained. Rules to be observed in their administration. PARTICULAR NARCOTICS. Family Papaveracecc—Papavcr Somniferum—Poppy. Natural History-Manner of preparing the extract or opium from the plant-Making incisions into the Capsules, or by boiling—First preferred—The varieties to be met with in commerce-Cultivated with much advantage in Carolina and Georgia,—Analysis of Opium—The period when opium.; was employed in Medicine—The inestimable benefits it confers—Action upon the different functions of the body. Its application to diseases considered in detail. Its external employment often productive of beneficial effects. Opiate enema. Opium suppository. Its poisonous operation considered-Symptoms-Treat-- raent. The first object to be accomplished is to evacuate the stomach-Emetics of the Sulphate of Zinc, and should this fail,of the Sulphate of Copper, are usually resorted to. With the evacuation of the stomach, the apprehensions of dano-er will be much relieved. After vomiting, the patient should be moved about-irritating applications be applied to the skin if necessary-and strong coffee, lime .juice, or vinegar be given diluted, to correct the effects of opium upon the nervous system. Should Deglutition be interrupted, and it is impossible to introduce an emetic into the stomach, other means must be resorted to. Bloodletting may be employed with caution- but the affusion of cold water over the head anel shoulders has been found productive of the happiest effects in rousing the patient from this state of insensibility. The emetic should then be administered as soon as it can be taken, and whenever the torpor returns, the cold ofTn iium--Yincg.it. Vegetable Acids— ho infusion of Coffee, Cnlorine, iec They have-ne> such operation—on the cou- t-erv, by being given before tho narcotic is expelled, by eidutlng the substance* they promote it - disruption, and thus aggravate the symptom •. ddiev are useful, h"Wk-\er, after it has be, n removed, in counteracting its elicits upon the nervous system. Siiouhl the means fail, which have been proposed, artifi- cial respiration should be attempted, and persevered in some time, since \a-rv Impede.-s cases line been restored h\ tins mean-. Couscrpjcnccs of its habitual use. < Xlicinal preparations—Tinea uivs. Tiuetura <)pii—I! eo, \xv m. Ibr aa aelnlt. vi m. for a child (i years old i m. fin* an infant within the month. H< narcotist d Laud a mini—Do.-e the same. De-narcotised Acidulated Tincture—1> the same. Sails. Morphia—rarely emp], a cd in it ] are-stale. Acetate Morphia—Dose, 1-1 to '-'-gr. rubbed up with a: gar. Sul])hate- Morphia — \)o.ic £anio. (Itratc Morphia. Opium iu :aib.-lanee: 1 gr. The doses of this article will vary with the indication-. Family Sy.-.o.ah'-r* r—Laotue-u \iros-. — Lactucariuinseai I'hridax—Naiad History—Preparation—Powe-rs inli-iior > the [) ec«-ding article, but freed irom its .stupifving opern .tion—applied to the same purposes iu Iarge do. es. Family Sola,tea — I lye; .a.iuiim ■; Mger—Hi 'date—Nalu- al History—Ide-cts upon the s\ .-um—Mmployed in .seve- al diseases as a substitute for opium, the good t-llii e-ts of .vhich, it often exhibits, without its constipating the bowels -Useful as a topical application in scirrhus and cancerous affections, and in scrofulous ulcerulions, applied in the form oi cataplasm of the bruised leaves, or as a v. a di. !>o-e, gp. ij to 3i. o, J ij '.- <3. ,/,:■*.' /*.,./..-, IX, ' ( a .:.■ ■ . • ■ •- - / * ,{1 •£• /o:_ # :'^J t 49 Datura Stramonium—Thornapple—Indigenous—Natur ral History—Properties—Employed in mania—Epilepsy- particularly that form which is regular in its attacks-In Asthma when uncomphdated-In lessening the pain of chronic diseases-as Rheumatism-Tic Doloureaux—Sciat- ica—In scrofulous—Venereal—and ill conditioned Ulcers with thickened edges and a sanious discharge.—Adminis- tered in the form of powder—Extract from the seeds and plant Tincture. Preparation of the extract. Dose, powder, gr. i Seeds gr. 1-2 Extract, gr. 1 do. from the seeds, gr. ss. Tincture, xx to xxx m. Ointment—Preparation—applied to haemorrhoids-to the eyelids to dilate the pupil-as a dressing in scalds and burns, Poisonous operation of the stramonium—The capsule, or apples as they are commonly called being eat by children symptoms of a distressing character are produced—These enumerated—Treatment. Atropa Belladonna-Natural History—Analysis-Atro- pia—Properties-Rarefy employed internally — Recom- mended as a preventive of Scarlitina—Applied to the eye- lids to produce dilatation of the pupils in cataract. Dose of the Extract, gr. i, increased. Solanum Dulcamara—Bitter sw^eet—Natural History--^ Properties—Chiefly employed in cutaneous diseases in the form of decoction of the stipites of younger branches. Decoction, 1 pint daily. ■ Family Umbellatce—Conium Maculatum—Hemlock--* Natural History—Recommended in Scirrhus and Cancer, but without advantage except as a palliative~In scrofulous ulcerations, and in Opthalmia—In ulcerations of the secon- dary stages of syphilis—In the Neuroses—Glandular Ob- structions. Preparation of the extract. - Administration, beginning with small doses, the quantity to be increased until the system becomes sensibly affected :>o h\ us list --Om n an inert article* from ase—Carc should oc Taken in its selection, and a return to the original small dose with a fresh parcel; Dose, ij grs, to ess and 3ii < icuta Maculata—American Hemlock—Indigenous— Na- tural History -Effects similar to the preceding, only more powerful. Dose, ij grs. increased. Hydmcyanic Acid—Preparation. Exists abundantly in the vegetable* kingdom—Effects upon the- system—Ae-tion decidedly sealative. Employed in diseases of increase-el se-nsibility and irritability-ln Nervous and Chronic Coughs —In catarrhal alli-ctions and Whooping Cough. Also in Phthisis Pulmonalis, Asthma, Dyspeptic affections, Teta- nus, ^c. Evielcrie-e of its utility in these cases. Exhibition—Medicinal Prussic Acid employed—To be administered in elistilled water—to be recently prepare-d since it is easily dise-ompose-d. Dose, i m. increased. Formula. Poisone>us operation—its prompt anel fatal effect -Anti- dotes. It is difficult to point out an antidote to an article which operates with such great activity—several have- been proposed, but until lately with little effect. Those most approved, are-diluted aqua ammonia, taken internally and applied externally—Chlorine—inhaling the: vapour, and in- jecting a solution of Chloride* of Lime, or soda into the stomach, when insensibility exits. The best of all remedies is the affusion of colel water, anel it should be employed in connection with the- last. mentioned. Family Rosacea—Vmnu^, Lauro Oerasus— Cherry Laurel —Naturalized—Natural 11 i.slory— Effects upem the system similar to the prcereding—Active primaple separated by elis- tillulion—Employed in the same disease's as the preceding. Dose, \\x to xl m. of the distilled water Tincture of the leaves, x to xx. Amvgdalis Communis—Bitter Almond—Pi ussic Acid ob- i.aiued Iry distillation from the cuke which remains after the: separation of the fixed oil—The acid rising in union with volatile oil, from which it can be separated by the red oxyd d Mercury. •' ?,->■ -' i: -. '-'/ I hi Family Papaveraccce—Sanguinaria Canadensis—Blood Root—Ineligenous—Analysis—Natural Flistory—Sanguinarin —Effects upon the system diversified, according to the dose —Employed in Rheumatism, Hepatic derangements, Pul- monic affections attended with difficult respiration, cough, and occasional haemorrhage—Pertussis—In some of the forms of Dropsy. Externally employed in ill conditioned ulcers— In Polypi of the Nose, combined with calomel as a stirnu- atory. Dose, Tincture, xxv to xxx m. Powder, v grs. Infusion, 3i of the powder, to f,v of water Dose, Iss.' Family Apocynece—Strychnos Nux Vomica. Natural History—Analysis—Strychnine—Effects upon the system- Narcotic in its operation, but differs in many respects from most of the articles of this class—But little employed until the experiments of Delile and Majendie upon the action of the Upas Teute and its kindred species on animals. Employed in paralytic affections, particularly such as arise from an impaired state of the nervous energy—In mus- cular relaxation of particular parts. Symptoms produced by its use—Such as are favorable—anel such requiring its discontinuance. Poisonous operation—Symptoms—Treat- ment—The first object is to remove fry an emetic the article from the Stomach—and in the next to neutralise any which remains—For this purpose a tincture of Iodine has been em- ployed, which combining with the Strychnia, forms a com- pound deprived of much activity. Dose, substance, iv gr^ Alcoholic extract, i to ij grs. Strychnine, 1-12 gr. Family Urticeee—Humulus Lupulus—Hop—Natural His- tory— Lupulin—Its effects evidently narcotic-and used as a substitute for opium when that article disagrees, by pro- ducing nervous or other distressing symptoms. Family w^eieter;«^«/-GelseminumSempervirens—Yellow Jesamine. Natural History—Indigenous—Effects upon the system of an active and powerful character—Employed in Rheumatism—and from its operation upon the nervous sys- tem may be used as a substitute for Prussic Acid, and in the diseases in which that article has been recommended. Bark of the root employed in the proportion of Ii to Jbi of spirits. Dose, xxx m. *i ANTISPASMODICS. Oetierd remarks upon the operation of this class, and th 5 ?ubatancesof which it is composed. *," Family Umbellifenc—Fcruhi Assauetida—Natural History — Analysis—LTsed as a condiment in Arabia and Persia— Employed in diseases of the nervous and spasmodic char- aet«-r. Peauliaritics ki these (hseases rendering this artich: admissible. Exhibited in watety solution, do0e >s Tincture, xxx te> xl m. Enema, 3i to 3ii dissolved in decoction of barle-y, 3x Pubon Galbanum—of Utile value. Family Valeriana:—Valeriana Officinalis—Natural His- tory—Sensible properties—Analysis—Effects upon the sys- tem—Employed in the same- diseases,as Assaia-tiela—In Henrnieraniacombined with Peruvian Bark—In the typhus states <>f fever combined with ammonia and bark. "Exhibited in Infusion, dose-, ^i to "-iss Powder, ei to 3iss Tincture, 3ii to$ss Extract, 3i to 3iij daily. Family Lilinceee—Allium Sativum—(bniic—Natural His- tory—Properties—Of little value as an antispasmodic. Musk—obtained from the Mose hus Meischifcrus—History of the animal anel of this substane-e—Effects upon the sys- tem—Employed ai one time to mueh extent in several forms of spasmexlic diseases, but rarely resorted to at present. Frequently adulterated. Dose, grs. v to jss. Tincture of Artificial Musk— Prcparatiem—Employed in Pertussis. Dose, xv m. Castor—Obtained from the Castor Fiber—A deposition in both sexes, in two sacs or bags, containing a brownish oily matter—Employed in Hysteria, Ilypocoiiilriasis. &ic. Its extremely nauseous taste and smell, together with the ab- sence of any ery pesitivc properties nas caused it to be rejected. Dose, Tincture, Ii to Zij. *#* tn proceeding to speak of the articles of this class of medicines, I ought 11 >l io disguise that they are very rarely employeel, at least by myself.* So great a revolution has of late taken place in the Pathology,and Treatment of Ner- vous and Convulsive Diseases, that the remedies which were once in vogue, are now rarely administered. These diseases have for a tang time been considered as originating in great rnobilty of the system. By this term was meant, mue-h excitability, connected ■with a debilitated, e;r more properly, a delie-ate habit of beidyi- Such doubtless, is the state of constitutiein, giving rise to these diseases—But it shoulel also be e-bserved that the phenomena of nervous excitement, or the symptoms these diseases present, originate often in excited states of the: e-erebral and spinal systems, and in many instances, stimulants partieailarly of the eliffusible kind, comprised uneler this class, are injudicious and improper. Such at least has been my views in the management of these cases, particularly during the states of excitement, or while the paroxysm is on. In many instances, particularly in Hysteria occurring with delicate females, I have affbided almost instantaneous relief by depletion, by drawing a few ounces of blood, by keeping the apartment cool, by cold applicatiem to the head,colel drinks —and by these simple means more prompt and effectual relie:f has been afforded, than by the whole catalogue of anti-spasrnodie*s successively employed. There are periods, however, when these Medicines can be resorted to—In the intervals of the paroxysms, they are of use to fe>rtify the nervous system, and tei calm the irregular and disorelerly movements. They seem adapted to lessen that irritability whie-h is too readily exciteel into ae-tion, upon any, even the most trifling oe-currenee, which have reference to the feelings anel sensibilities. Antispas- modie-s, though useful, are not even here the most approved m«»ans. This very e-xeitable tate, or unequally balanced conelition of the system is ofte n lectually, and I believe, most effectually removed, bv bringing into action the cor- poreal energies—bv giving vigor to the- muscular system— by exercise— by tonics—by change of air—of climate—by II soothing mental anxieties, or removing tlym it pi act u able — and \ery e>ften by renewing secretion-or oVdiea,es, which have been interrupteel—Of these secretions,the most important is the catani'-nial. Suliaeute forms of thest- diseases will ocean, in \\ Inch a de-pU'teirv course cann«>t be- pursued, and where the chronic remedies which are to be resorted to in the- Intermissions, cannot be practised, l-nder these- rircuinstuiie-o, t'.u» An- tispasmodic?!, strictly so called, must be resorteel to. It should be observed that all the- substances whie-h we are to consider under this clas-/, are*, vegetable gummy re- sinous, or areimatic substance.*, or animal substane-es of much odour, or chemical substanee-s which an- very dif- fusible. It is nevertheless in this vegetable or animal ura- mi, that the diffusible property of these substances resides, and their anti-spasmodic effects. PARTICULAR ANTISPASMODICS. 53 Sulphuric JEthcr—Preparation-Properties-Effects upon the system—Employed in many cases when the organs of respiration are affected—When a state of congestion exists in the lungs, with an inability to expectorate-In Hysteria- Hiccough-In sea sickness~In the advanced stages of Ty- phus fever combined wi; h an infusion of green mint-Ex ternal employment—Formula. Dose, 3ss. Hoffman's Anodyne Liquor—Similar to the foregoing- Only weaker. Oleum Succini—Natural History—Properties—Employ- ed with advantage occasionally, in palpitations of the heart, &,c. External Employment. Dose, x to xxx m. Other and opposite remedies frequently Antispasmodic. ...These enumerated. TONICS. General observations upon the operation of this class- Divided into the vegetable and mineral-The tonic power of the former is intimately connected with certain sensible nroperties-All possess these qualities, though in the differ- ent articles one maybe more predominant than another- The purest Bitters, astringents,und aromatics, possess more or less tonic power-But the most powerful tonics are natu- ral combinations of. these principles. PARTICULAR TONICS. Family Rubiaceee-Cinchon^ Natural History-Soil in which the plants of this genus thrive best-Season for strip- ping the bark-Medical History. Varieties of Cinchona-I, Cinchona Officinalis, Grey, Loxa^or crown bark, commonly known by the name of Pale Bark' T. Obtained from the mountains of Santa Fe and Quito- Annearanceand properties-from chemical analysis con- fabs S less Cinchonine and Quinine than the next species. 2 Yellow Bark or Calisaya Arrolenda-Rolled Calisaya -So cal ed from the Province of Calisaya in Peru from whence obtained--Derived from the Cinchona Gordifbba- n\ llisioiy— Ajipt itrane-e and Propel tie's—Analysis— "1 ie-hls a much larger proportioned* Quinine than any other. (a) Orange- yellow Hark—Cinchona l.ancilblia—rarely met with in earnum-reo. ">. lod Bark-Cinchona Oblongifolia— (bows iu Pern and .\e wGrenaela-Iularge-ranel tbi«-kerpie ee-stban the pale, and more convoluted than the- yellow—Analysis—Contains both Cinebonine* anel Quinine. The elistine-lieins derive el from the- sensible- properties of the alwvc ve-iy 'lifficult. -Many othe-r varieties may be mentioned, but our know- ledge of this ge-nus is still very impe ifeet. .Ipp/iiotion of Cinchona to the cure of din asm—The- sub- ject ccnisielered in de-tail. Form of Exhibition—In powd<-r combine-el with various other articles...Me-nstruain which it maybe- taken. Formula. I )om- 31 i to 3ss In ele-ce)e-tion...Prepa rat ion...Formula. In Infusion...Tincture...Extract...Essential Salt of Bark. \lknline Salts. Sulphate- of Quinine*. Preparation. Cinebonine-...Remarks upon these Salts. Adulti'raiions. Bark of Fnemata anel Bark jaeke-t. Pinckncya I'uben-...Cooreia Bark....Natural History... fndige nous...Propcrues,..Application as the pre e de//<^/,,^...Ari.Nmle)e-hia Serpen itariu....\ at und History... bid ilk -ne a is...Sensible- and Me-die a-ml Properties... Employed in Typhoid statesof lover, alone or in combina- tion with Camphor and either eliaphoretjes, te> support the stre neth, and relieve the elistre-ssing syinpte>ms...ln Remit- tents combineel with Cinchema...To"aHay irritability of the -aomach, Mc. Exhibited in Infusion...3ii to water Ibi Tinctuic. Family IIderamo...Cornus Florida or Dogwood...Natu- ral History...lnelige-nems...Analysis...Employed as the Cin- chona...Liable te> affect the bowels with pains. This expe- rienced only in its recent state-. * Exhibited in the form of Powder, decoction- 5o Tincture and extract. Cornus Sericea. Cornus Circinata. Quassia Amara...Natural History...Properties...Tonic... Stomachic...Febrifuge...Useful when the more active tonics as Cinchona, &c. produce head ache, uneasiness of sto- mach, and febrile symptoms...In impaired conditions ofthe stomach, brought on by excesses...from constitutional causes or a relaxed state of the nervous system. In other disor- ders ofthe constitution connected with debility. Exhibited in Infusion. 3i ofthe rasped wood to water ft>i Dose, ?ss. The Salts of Iron can be conveniently added to infusions of this article and Colombo, their colour not being changed. Family Rosacccc — Prunus Virginiana—Wild Cherry Tree—Natural History— Indigenous— To its tonic proper- ties must be added those who are derived from the Prussic acid it contains. Useful in Intermittents combined with other articles of this class. In Pulmonary affections, Asthma -In chronic Diarrhoea—In some ofthe cases of Dyspepsia. Exhibited in Infusion...taken freely. Powder, 3ss to 3ii Decoction useful as a wash for ill conditioned Ulcers. Family Synanthercee — Eupatorium Perfoliatum —Tho- rough wort. Natural History—Indigenous—Useful tonic during convalescence from acute or other diseases. Exhibited...Infusion used cold, and freely taken* Tincture. Eupatorium Pilosum —Wild Horehound. Used as the preceding. Anthemis Nobilis— Natural History— Properties; Family Gentianca— Gentiana Lutaea. Natural History. Analysis—Gentianin— Tonic and Stomachic—Employed in Dyspeptic affections, in the convalescence from fevers, and other cases of debility—The basis of most stomachic preparations. Exhibited in Infusion, 3ii to water Ibi Powder often combined with other articles, gr. x to xv. Compound Tiuctwe, 3ii to Jss, a very pleasant prepara- tion Extract. 00 . Gentiana Catesbo i—Blue Gentian—Sampson Snake Root—Natural History—Indigeniou — Empleiycd in e-nses of impaired digestion—In dyspepsia—In Pneumonia of a Typhus character, given in the form of decoction, not only improving the general powers, but determining to the sur- face. Dose, Tincture. 3ii to iss Frasera Walteri—American Colombo—Natural History -—Ineligenous. Properties anel uses as the next artielc. Family Menisperma—Me-uispermum Pahnaiuni-Coloin- bo Ibiol—Natural History—Useful lonic-commuiiicnlini* vigour to the stomach, without nausea or eippre'ssdn. lias bce-ii much recommended inbildus vomitings and dischar ges from the bowels, without any particular advantage. Exhibited in powder variously combined, x to xvgrs. Infusiem, 5s to 5iss Tincture, 3ii _fs?:, Enters into composition of stomachic preparations. Family Rufaccas—Cusparia Fcbrifuga—\ugustura Bark •—Natural History—Properties—But rarely employed. Many other Tonics foreign and Indigenous enumerated. MINERAL TOXICS. T he most important arc the- preparations of Iron. Their general effects, are, to increase the vigour ofthe circulatiem, to cause the blood to assume a more florid hue, to promote digestion, and excite the secretions, e>r restrain them when they have been morbidly increased—Employed in diseases of debility anel chiefly in Chronie: affectieais. The diseases in which they are particularly empleiye-d enumerated. Particular Preparations—hi mo turn Pari—Filings oflron —Objectionable preparation and rarely employed. Dose, grs. v to3ss, Sub Carbonas Ferri—Itubigo Ferri—Carbonate or Rust of Iron—Preparation—one of the mejst valuable articles of this class, and much employed to obtain the genera 1 effect* of Tonics. Given alone or combined with various articles. Formula. Deise,-, grs. v te> \)\. Proto Sulpha tf.s of Iron—Green Yitrol—Preparation—A more active article r and to iu tonic astringent properties J* 57 are added—Its use requires more caution—Combined with- vegetable infusions—or given in union with vegetable ex- tracts in the form of pills. Dose i to ivgrs. Prussiate of Trow-Preparation—To the general purpr> ses, for which these articles have been applied, has been recommended in Intermittent Fevers. Dose, grs. iv to vi. Tinct. Ferri Muriati—Pvepm-ditien—Valuable article and much resorted to, when the full operation of Iron is de- sired Exhibited combined with bitter infusions or in drops. Formula. Dose, viii to xii m. Mineral Chalybeate waters—most important. > Preparations of Copper...Deuto Sulphate, of Copper or Blue Vitriol—Has been employed in the treatment of In- termittent and Remittent Fevers, either alone or as an auxiliary to Bark. In Epilepsy—Im haemorrhages— Given in such doses as the stomach will bear without vo- miting. Employed externally as a wash in obstinate ulcers—J In Leucorrhcea, Gonorrhoea, fee. Dose, 1-4 to 1-2 gr. combined with the extract of Bark or trentian. . Cuprum Ammoniatum—RnxeAy employed. Zinc—In its metallic state exerts but little action on the System—Protoxide of Zinc—Flowers of Zinc, &c—Prepa- ration— Employed in Epilepsy, Hysteria, Chorea—Degree of consideration to which entitled. , Applied externally as an absorbent—and with simple ointment as an application in Chronic opthalmia ; and to Herpetic and other cutaneous diseases. Dose, grs. v increased. Sulphate of Zinc—Also tonic in small doses, and for this and its astringent propertied has been used in Chronic dysentery ; In Dyspepsia^ combined with bitter infusions. Also in Intermittent and Remittent Fevers, combined with Hyosciamus—used externally for various purposes. Dose, i to iij grs. Nitrate of Silver—Preparation—Employed in Epilepsy, Sild other nervows and eojnvulsive- affections—To irritable a* -onduii'iis of the svsh in— F.ffbcts of its long cr>utui"a*d use. Ii.aplove-d externally for various purpo>es, particularly in Opthahnia—Applied in the form of ointment or solution. Formula. Dose l-.s ur. ine-re a.-ed. Bismuth—Physical poverties. (>ifd r>':<;iu:h— Preparation— Employed in debilitated Conditions ot the stomach, particularly in those eases winar pain follows the- introduction of food—In Gastndyuia, I'v rosis, Cardialgia. 6cc. Dose*, v grs. increased. durum Cvid—Ptvparaiions— Einplo\ad as suhsii-aufe" lor Me-rcurv iu Syphilitic dise-ases. Rarely or hcmtad- men. Tmvd. Arsenicum Album—Properly arsi-nious Aeid—Physical propertie's—Medical History—Fniploye-d in Interniitteni Fevers —Cases in which it is inadmissable'— Administration — Useful le> alte-rnatc its use with Cinchona—Iu Remittent J-Yvcrs—Typhus Re nodical Head aches-Rheumatism— ('utaneous allietious, ^e.—('omparative opcratiem of Bark and Arsenic-—Poisonous ope-ration—Fe>lle)ws the externa' '•s well as internal employment--Symptoms. The Treatment to be pursued when a large- dose of arsiv llic has bea u taken—The first objeet will be- te> evacuate the stomach —The-emetics used sheiulel be ofthe milde-st char- acter—after vomiting, various substances, have been pro- posed with a view of nei Unitizing the noxious substance-,or pre-iecting the surfaee- ofthe alimentary canal from its in- dueiie-c—With the former view, sulphun-ts of Potash and Soda have be < n employed, but very little d'-pendance can !'•■ placed uponthe-in—()ihe-rs have been proposed,as Mag- nesia and (liarcoal—From the experiments o[' Hume- alii Ibrrtrand, large doses of arsenic combined with these gub- stances ha\e- been taken with iiiipuiiity-hc'ncc their utility lias been infernal aft'-r the poison has been swallowed. With the- se e-onel intention, various mucilaginous matters have be-en e an ployed—Milk partie-ularlv, should be given—lmec quantities before and after vomiting, since in coagulating it envelopes the pe-iseaiand thereby promote- it? dischare-e. Should these means be insufficient, our efforts should fhen be directed to obviate luffamimuiou. md its comeq':' r. *cs.- 5y Tests for the presence of Arsenic. Dose, Fowler's mineral solution. vi to xii m. Arsenious Acid, 1-16 gr. Mineral Acids—Sulphuric Acid—Preparation—Useful in restoring tone to the digestive organs—Strengthening the appetite and checking the acetous fermentation in the sto- mach—In Haemorrhages—Colliquative sweats in hectic Fever—Externally employed in cutaneous diseases diluted with water as a substitute for sulphur. Dose ofthe acid, vi to viii m. in sugar and water. Elixir of Vitrol, x to xv m. Nitric Acid-Prepn ration-Em ployed in Hepatic derange- ments-Alterative action upon the hepatic secretions—In the secondary forms of Syphilis-External employment-Dilu- ted for checking gangrene and promoting granulation. United with the Muriatic acid forming the Nifromuriatic usefully employed in the formation of baths in various states of disease. Preparation ofthe bath. Dose, viii to xm. in sweetened water. Muriatic Acid—Preparation-Employed for the same general purposes as the preceding—and for checking the acetous fermentation in the stomach-Diluted very freely with water, as a gargle in ulcerated sore throats, and in ul- ceration ofthe gums-—Employed in the state of gas for pu- rifying foul wards, and chambers. Chlorides of Lime and £Wa.-Preparation— Much em- ployed as disinfecting agents-In medicine to correct the odour from diseased surfaces—Applied to scurvy, Tauia empitis, or Porrigo-Psora-and other affections of the skin- As a wash in ulcers ofthe uterus and cancers. 3i to Ii ofthe powder to water 1 pint. Chloride of Sodo— Preparation-Used as the preceding and as a gargle in ptyalism. Other means of restoring tone to the system. Change of climate. Exercise. Sailing. Riding. Remarks upon each. oti ASTRINGENTS. L»eue ral remark? upon the operation of thiscltiss-Asuin- a nt principle extensively diffused, and connected with lliQ presence of Tannin. VEGETA E I.E A SI IU XC. K NTS. Different species of Oaks—Family C'/ya///'/;'Yr-Qui-rcu* Iiobur. Employee! in Intermittent Fe\crs, but with little advantage; in Chronic discharges, Diarrlnea, Ee.ucorrha a, and in the formation of gurgle's. (ialhc or Galls—Th« ir fenmation—employe-el as above. \de{\ in the form of ele-e-octiein, or pulverized and uniud with simple ecrate as an application to haemorrhoids. Family Ihibiacuv Kino—Obtained fmm several plants, chiefly the* Naue lea Gambir. Natural History—Analysis. Employed in Intermittent Fevers; in oxce-ssive discharges from the Uterus anel Intestinal Canal; in Incontinence of Urine, Clee-ts, Lcucorrha-a, See. Formula. Dose- Tincture-, Z\ to 3ii Poweli-r, gr. \ to 3ss. Family h'guminosir--]Agpum Campecbian*up—Eeigwaieid —'Natural History—Employed in chronic discharge* from the benvels and In Cheih-ra Infantum. Dose-, ele-e-oction, ?S8 to ?iii Extract, 3ss to 3i. Familv fI era n / o if a —Co ain'mm Maeulatum—Cranes bill- Natural ilistorv—Empleiyeel as the- preceding, and as an in- je-ctiiai in Gemorrha-a In the formation of gargles, and as a wash f°? chronic and obstinate ulcerations ofthe mouth. Dose-, powder, 3i D< e-oetion, 31. Family 7'ov/e :«-.Ilubus Villonus ft R. Proe umbras— Dewberry and Blackberry—Properties. Employed as the proceeding. Dose, decoctieai ofthe root, li to|ii. Other articles enumerated. MINERAL ASTRINGI NTS. Super Sulphate Alumina with 7*o/a/• —Phv-ieal properties -Employed as the proceeding articles and 1.: Ilamorrhy- fc ges connected with relaxation ofthe system—In Menorrha- gia—Externally employed for various purposes—In the for- mation of Injections combined with any of the preceding articles, in Leucorrhrea—gleets—In the formation of gargles for cleansing ulcers ofthe mouth and fauces—or relaxation of the uvula. Iri Opthafmia a pleasant application is formed by coagu- ling the albuminous portion of an egg. As an escharotic in the state of burnt alum. Administered in the form of powder. Dose grs. v to 3i. Alum Whey—Preparation—Dose, li. Acetate Lead—Preparation—Objections to its use answer- ed." Employed in Haemorrhages from the lungs—Uterus bladder-bowels—In Diarrhoea and Dysentery— Formula, In Hydrophobia—Tetanus—Externally employed in the formation of collyria—Injections—To inflammatory Tumors, &c. Poisonous operation ofthe Salts of lead—Symptoms- Treatment. The Salts of Lead when swallowed in large quantities may be so neutralized as to become inert—They are readily decomposed by the Sulphate of Soda or Magnesia—forming thereby an insoluble Sulphate of Lead, which is not pos- sessed of poisonous properties—-The first object of the Physician, when called to a person who has taken a large dose of the Acetate of Leael, is to administer copious draughts, containing a solution of the Sulphate of Soda or Magnesia—It decomposes the Lead in the manner men- tioned. ' Dose i to ii grs. increased, combined with opium or Lau- danum. Goulard's Extract-Preparation-Employed in the same diseases as the preceding. MISCELLANEOUS CLASS. Jodmc.Natural and Medical History...Properties...Em- ployed in Bronchocele or Goitre ..Symptoms forbidding its use...In enlargements of other glands...In the discussion of tubercles in the lungs... As an Emmenagogue... Administered in the form of pills...Tincture...Solution of Hydriodate o£ Potash...Precautions to be observed in its use. Dose, Iodine, gr. 1-2 Tincture, x to xx m Solution, same, uu Externally employed in the form >f ointment...Prepara- tion— Spo; evd <">'<.'—Properties as the preceding. Familv Id/phorbi-c Stvllingia Sylvatie-a...lueligen<»i:s — Natural History...Properties...Empleiyed in Syphilis, parti- cularly in what is e-a.lleel Syphilitic Rheumatism...In Rheu- matism, Obstinate ulcerations, Scrofula, See. !'-< d in th» form of Dee-cc'icn-Tincture-Powelcr. Dose, (leeoetion, Si Tincture, 3i to 3ii Powder, i to v grs. Family Ranuneufacen\..llcp;\\\<;\ Triloba...Indigenous... Natural History... Properiies... Employe-el in Pulmonale affections, and as a subtonic in cases en debility. A< upuncturation. History of this operation anel of its mode- of action... Description of tin* Needle-, and manner of usine it. Km- ph>v; i\unh &3, fj3: Gin,5160; Scotch (50 v\ hiskey..j-l .j-bish di.. 53, !M)-Hollands.iaMiuine, o!)(Hj \s Medicines have advantage* emu fermented liquors—Low liable ie> become aciel—and therefore preferred in those- cases when aeielify prevails. Employed as stimulants in great prostration, and after mueh exposure. Diseases produced *>y the immoderate use: of spirits. Of other Drinks. ('■:;/'—Stimulating and hViieshinu;— Becomes injurious *vhen excessively iiielult-eel in, or drank too strong—When to this live use, is added sedentary habits,delicate* and we-ak constitutions, the organs of digestion become impaired, th* appetite destroyed, and general (h bility withne-rvous symp- toms prod need. Medicinally (-niploye-el in Asthma, and to counteract the operation of Narcotics. Tat—Properties similar to the pivecding—becoming niuutes until they (operate. Cathartics. IE Infusion of Senna, 1 xii. Sulphate of Seda or Magnesia, z'i Manna, ?SSOr ?i m. Dose— a small cup full every hour or two hours, until it operates. P. Sulpham of Potash, or super Tartrate Pot: Priv. Jalap: a 3ii, mix and elivide into 4 powder*. 61 To increase its activity, Calomel may be added, or Tar- tarised Antimony, or Ipecacuanha. One every two hours until it operates. Or, R. Super Tartrate of Potash, 3ii Pulv. Jalapii, 3i—mix and divide into 4 powder Administered as above. Or, R. Proto Chloride of. Mercury, g. viii Pulv. Jalapii, gr. xvi^-m. for a dose. Powdered Rhubarb may be exhibited combined as the preceding article—or with Magnesia or the Carbonate of Soda for children. R. Carbonate of Potash or Soda, gr. xiito 3i Pulv. Rhei, 3i to 1 ss Water, fii m Dose, 3ii t.o 3iii every 2 hours pro re nata. Rhubarb Tea. \. Pulv. Rhei, 3ii Fennel Seed, 3ii. Water 1 xii. « Boil untill-3 is dissipated—Dose, 3ssto5ss, two or three times a day for several days. % Powdered Rhubarb Powdered Aloes Blue pill mass—Each equal parts Syrup, gr. s. Mix and divide into pills of a convenient size. \. pill to be taken at bed time, or night and morning, as a gentle aperient, More actiu. » R. Powdered Aloes. Powdered Gamboge. Calomel, a 3i &yrup, as much as is necessary—mix and divide into Lx pills, ij to iv. a dose. R, Powdered Ab- s. 7i i'owde-re-ei Gamboge, 'm Tartarised Antimony, er. iv. Svr. q. s. mix and divided into wiv pdi—ii) at. dose, and followed by ij c.t11< :-, in<> hours * accessary. For Children. %. Calcined Magnesia, .■ Pow dered Rhubarb—a l)i—m. divide- into 4 pow ders, one every two hours pro re nata. Pr. Veuces's Formula in the Col icy complaints of Children, R. Cah-ined Magnesia, 3i Water, si Tinct. Assafad. lx. m. Taut. Opib xx m. a dose. Repeated in an hour or two if not relieved Diaphoretics. R. Camphor, gr. viii. Opium, irr. i. Calomel, gr. ii m. fiat Puly. Repeaiofj according to circumstance's. Or, b, Camphor, 3ss Nitrate of Potash, 3i Antimon. Tart. g. 1. m. fiat Pulv. vi. To the above Calomel may be added, or substituted foi "ither ofthe; list articles. -s > R. Intusion of Serpentaria, l.xii Camphor, 3ss to3ii Spt -. .Nitr ; Dule- ; |ss White Smpr, 3iii—m Rub th Camphor with the sugar until it is reduced In a fine powd-r—A del the spirits of Nitro, aud then the intui- tion—Si ram. Dose, j.««■-. r* If, Gum Guaiac, i>i Antim. Tart, gr. 1-8. Gum Op; gr, 1-2—m ft. Pulv. To be repeated as often as the case requires, and recom- mended in Chronic Rheumatism. ?*. Rad : Sri rsaparilla. China Briar Root. Salphuret of Antimony a 1 viii Gum Guaiac, liiss Water xxiv its. These ingredients are to be simmered in a close vesse for 1'2 hours, the steam being prevented from escaping. After simmering the time prescribed, to be strained, bottleel and kept in a cool place. The Antimony is to be coarsely pow- dered, enclosed in a piece of linen rag, and suspended from. the cover ofthe vessel. Dose as much as the stomach will bear and its use con- tinued for weeks or months. Or, Sarsaparilla fbss Stylingia, Sylv: liv Shavings of Guaiac, Ibss. Sassafras Root, liv Water, 1 gallon. Boil for a sufficient length of time, to extract the virtues of the articles—Water must therefore be added as it evapo- rates, and it may finally be reduced to two quarts. To this, sugar or molasses is added, and the whole reduced to the consistence of a syrup. To each pint of this syrup, add, of the Perchloride of Mercury, previously dissolved in spirits, grs ij. The dose for an adult will be !ss to |i, three or four times a day. For children less'. R. Tartarised Antimony, gr. viii Powdered Gum Arabic. Powdered Liquorice Root a 3i. Dose, ii to ivgrs. Antimonial Powders. R. Nitrate of Potash. 7i. ;u lartarised Antimony, gr. i—m. anel divide into sijy powders. A powder te» be taken every two houi • Nitrous /'""•('<.v.-.-, IE Nitrate of Potash, 3iss Tartarised Antimony, v.v. i. Calomel, gr. viii—m. and divide into ixpoweb-r*. Neutral Mixf :■><:. Take e.t Lime Juice or Vinegar, 3ii Carbonate eif Soda, as uuk h as is sufficient to satu- rate* it—first dissolving the Soda hi a little wat r. Sue.ar, 3ii Water, 3ii—rss every hour or two. Diuretics. R. Balsam Copaiva, 7ii to^ss—to be well rubbed with powdered gum arabic Yolk of an egi>, or Swee-t Almonels blanched, ado^en— add Water slowly, %\\ Swee-t Spirits e>f .Nitre, ?S8 TinctureOpii, 3i-Do.se, :ssto 5b repeated frequently. Or. R. Oil of Copaiva, 3ii Powdered Gum Arab : fss Cinnamon Wate-r, 3d Simple Syruj). fiss Tinct. Op. 3ss—Dose Iss. R. Root, ofthe Iris "\"crsir;f>b>r, ji Eryngium Yuccifbl: "ii Water, Ibiss. boil to erne pint. This quantity taken daily. Fmmena tro'jues— Ton. 1 <. Form via . Re Powdered Cinchona, 3ss Powde.-rcd Ginger Proto Carbonate of Iron a 3ii—in. and divide bv eight or ten powders. h. powder to be taken two or three time.-. 71 ft. Sulphate of Iron, 3i Gum Myrrh, 3i Sub carbonate of Pot: 3i Sugar 3ii. The articles to be well rubbed together, and during th*. trituration add; Rose Water, fviiss Spirit of Nutmeg, or other Aromatic, 5ss Dose, ?ss to 1 i Sulphate of Iron, 3ii Ext. of Gentian or Bark. 3i—m. ft. Pil: xx. Expectorants. Lac Ammoniac lii, pirepared by dissolving the guilt in the proportion of 3i to if viii of water. Cinnamon Water, lii Syrup of Squills, Iss Elixir Paregoric, 3ii Dose, a table spoonful as often as is necessary. Ft. Rad : Poly. Seneka Us Water, f viii—boil to one half. Dose—a tea spoonful every half hour or hour, as the ur- gency ofthe symptoms require. Dr. Archer's Formula in Croup. Pectoral Formula. R. Syrup of Squills, ?ss Honey, fi Elixir Paregoric, 3ii Antimonial Wine, 3iii. Laudanum, 3i Water, Ivi—m. A table spoonful at night, or as often as circumstance: require. R. Extract of Liquorice Gum Arabic, a ~ss 4 Hot water, j\ ui—simmer e.nlil dissolved. Aniiineiu il \\ me-, 3ni Laudanum 1 to lx m. A table spoonful to be taken cverv two or three henr? II ub f,, ricn'r. R. Spirits Turpentine OlbcOil Hartshorn—a si—in—for a liniment, 'fhe friedoj to be repeate-d scve-ral times a elav. 'fo the above, spirits of Camphor, or Laudanum, Oil oT \mbcr, or Tinct. el Cautharieh-s may be: aeldcd. StaloirOVO/cS. R. Perchloride e>f Mercury Muriate-of Ammonia, a gr. xv. Distilled Water, 3iss Crumb of Bread—as much as is necessary to make a mass. Divide into 120 pills, eae-h containing 1-8 of a gr. Or, Pe-re blonde* of Mercury, gr. iv. Alcoh'ol, $i xxv m. equal to a 1-1 of a gr. Stimulants. R. Sub. Carbonate of Ammonia, 3i Mucilage of Gum Arabic, svi Sugar, "ii Spirits Lavender, ('. 7ii A table spoonful every hour or two. R. Camphor, 3ss Powdered Gum Arabic White Sugar, a 3ii Or, Sweet Abneaiels blanched, No. vi White- sugar, 3ii To be rubbed tog« the r until reduced to a line powder— idd Water—or Mini Water. ?vi Laudanum x\x in. Boso, a table spoonful every hour Qt two. • 73 R. Piper Cubebs Balsam Copaiva, a Sss Powdered Gum Arabic 3iii Cinnamon Water, §viii S )i)se—two table spoonfuls three or four times a day. Sir A. Cooper's Feirmula. ft. Balsam Copaiva Tinet. Cubebs, a 1 oz.—m. i dr, to iii dr.—frequently. Narcotics. Medicinal Prussic Acid, viii m. Distilled Water, Iviii Simple Syrup, q. s. Dose—a table spoonful every two hours. The quantity of acid to be increased gradually. Antispasmodics. ft. Sulphuric iEther, ii dr. Infusion of green Mint, ?xvi White Sugar, ii dr. Dose, f i, every hour or two. Tonics. ft. Powdered Cinchona, Iss to ii Powdered Nutmeg,Cloves or Cinnamon,dr.ss to 3ii Carbonate of Soda, 3ss m. And divide into four papers. Powdered Serpentaria may be added in place of the ar- omatics,and the dose taken in a cup of coffee with sugar and milk, or red wine, or water with a small quantity of brandy or warm tincture. R; Bark of Cinchona, bruised, 1 oz. Water, §xvi— boil for ten minutes, and at tlie close add Serpentaria, ii dr.—let it stand for an hour and strain—add Tincture of Cinchona, ?iss Dose, ?i, as often as necessary. R-. Sub Carbonate of Iron Powder eel Ginger, a gr. v: 71 Mix for a powder to be* repeated thre-c or four tune -s a ilay. To the above, powered Colombo may be added. R. Tinct. Ferri Mur. vi in. Infusion of (Quassia Cinnamon \\ ater. vi dr. Tinct. Coloinb. i dr—in. for a draught. To be re- peated several times a day. Ointment ofthe Nitrate of Silver, in Opthahnia. R. Nitrate of Silver, gr. ii to x. Solution of Subaee-tate of Lead; xv m. Simple ointment, idr. The Nitrate of Sdver is first powdered finely, and mixed witii die-ointment emu slab-the solution being added after- ward s. Or, The Solution substituted. R. Nitrate of Sd\ er, ii to viii grs. Water, ;a. Applied to the ph, gr. iv Svrup, gr. s m. and elivide in viii pills, one over^ two hours until relief is afforded.