MATERIA MEDIC A AND THERAPEUTICS 
CONDENSED. 
BY 
FRANK F. fRANTZ, 
OF THE 
JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE, PHILADELPHIA. 
PHILADELPHIA: 
COLLINS, PRINTER, 705 JAYNE STREET. 
1868 PREFACE. 
This concise treatise proposes to show at a glance the'doses, offi- 
cinal names, chemical composition, and therapeutical applications 
of all the medicines in general use by the medical profession of the 
United States, also some of those officinal in the British pharma- 
copoeia. 
Carefully compiled from the latest U. S. Dispensatory and works 
on materia medica. 
The present work has been carefully arranged in accordance with 
the following classification of the materia medica. 
"Medicines may be divided into- 
Narcotics, 
Anaesthetics, 
Antispasmodics, 
Tonics, 
Astringents, 
Stimulants, 
Sedatives, 
Spastics. 
I. Those which have a special ac- 
tion on the nervous system, or 
Neurotics (from nugon, a nerve). 
II. Those which have a special 
action on the secretions, or Ec- 
critics (from secretion). 
Emetics, 
Cathartics, 
Diaphoretics, 
Diuretics, 
Blennorrhetics, 
Emmenagogues. 
III. Those which modify the blood, 
or Hcematics (from the 
blood). 
Haematinics, 
Alteratives, 
Antacids. 
IV. Those which act topically. 
Irritants, 
Demulcents, 
Anthelmintics." Class I.-MEDICINES GIVEN IN SOLID FORM. 
A. Those given in Doses less than One Grain. 
(Medicines marked * not officinal in U. S. P. Those marked f officinal only in 
British Pharmacopoeia.) the term as a, or as an, occurs in the 
column of " Med. Properties," it implies that the remedy to which it refers may, 
in other doses, have properties different from those herein ascribed. 
Dose. 
Officinal name. Med. properties. 
gr. A to iAr Atropia Narcotic; diaph.; diur. 
t 
gr- tV to T's 
Digitalinum Sedative; diur.; narcot. 
r Strychnia Spastic; tonic ; diur.; 
diaph. ; lax. 
Acidum arseniosum, AsO3 Alterative; febrifuge. 
*Elaterin Drastic cath.; diur. 
gr- A to | 
Hydrargyri chloridum mite ... In infantile diarrhoea. 
Hydrargyri chloridum corrosi- Alt.; antisyphilitic; sor- 
vum, HgCl. befacient. 
Hydrargyri cyanidum, HgCy. Alt.; antisyphilitic; sor- 
befacient. 
Phosphorus, P Diffus. stim.; diur.; 
aphrodisiac. 
gr- A to | 
Hydrargyri iodidum rubrum, 
Hgl Alt. 
Antimonii et potasses tartras.. As a diaph. and expect. 
Veratria Sedative; eccritic. 
gr. tz to | 
gr- to 
Ipecacuanha As a tonic. 
Potassii cyanidum, KCy Narcot.; sed.; antispas.; 
gr- i 
anodyne. 
Strychnia (for endermic use).. Spas. ; tonic ; diur. ; 
diaph. ; lax. 
Elaterium (Clutterbuck's) Dras. cath. ; diur. 
Arsenici Iodidum, Asl3 Alt. 
gr. | to i 
Morphias sulphas, acetas et Narcotic ; anod.; sopor.; 
murias diaph.; antispas. 
gr- 1 
Potassae bichromas, KO,2CrO3. As an alt. 
gr- j 
Ext. digitalis alcoholicum Sed.; diur ; narcot. 
*Emetia (pure) Emetic. 
gr. 1 to J 
Gillenia As a tonic. 
Ext. belladonnas Narcot.; anod.; antispas.; 
diur.; diaph.; lax. 
lodinium, I Alt.; resolvent; emmen. 
Ipecacuanha As an expect, or diaph. 4 
Dose. 
Officinal name. 
Antimonii et potass® tartras, 
Med. properties. 
KO,SbO3,C8H4O104-2HO. ... 
Hydrargyri sulphas flava, 
As a nauseant. 
8HgO,SO3 
As an alt. 
gr. J to j 
Resina podophylli..'. 
Dras. cath. 
Cupri sulphas 
As a tonic and astring. 
gr- i . 
Ext. opii 
Narcot.; antispas.; sed.; 
sopor ; diaph.; anod. 
Cuprum ammoniatum 
Tonic; antispas. 
gr- i to j 
Ext. nucis vomicae ale 
Spas.; tonic. ; diur. ; 
diaph. ; lax. 
" ignatiae ale 
Spas. ; tonic ; diur.; 
diaph ;' lax. 
" aconiti " 
Hydrargyri chloridum mite, 
Narcot.; sed. 
Hg2Cl 
As an alt. and antiphlo- 
gistic. 
Dose. 
Officinal name. 
Med. properties. 
gr. | to ij 
Ext. cannabis 
Narcot.; antispas.; sed. 
Argenti oxidum, AgO 
Tonic; antispas. 
Ipecacuanha 
As a nauseant. 
Antimonii et potassae tartras . 
As a sed. antiphlogistic. 
gr. j. 
Opium 
Narcot.; anod.; antispas.; 
diaph.; sed.; sopor. 
Pilulte opii 
, Narcot.; anod.; antispas.; 
diaph.; sed.; sopor. 
Belladonna 
Narcot.; anod.; antispas.; 
diaph ; diur.; lax. 
Stramonii semen 
. Narcot.; anod.; antispas.; 
diaph.; diur.; lax. 
Ext. stramonii 
. Narcot.; anod.; antispas.; 
diaph.; diur.; lax. 
" alcoliolicum. 
Narcot.; anod.; antispas.; 
diaph ; diur.; lax. 
Digitalis 
Sed.; diur.; narcot. 
Scilla 
As a diur. or expect. 
Sodae bicarbonas 
. As a liquefacient (in in- 
fantile croup). 
gr. j to ij 
Veratrum viride 
. Sed ; diur.; emet. 
Aconiti folium 
Narcot.; sed. 
Ext. colchici aceticum 
, Diur.; expect.; anod.; 
sed.; diaph.; eccritic. 
B. Those given in One Grain Doses or more. 5 
Dose. 
Officinal name. 
Cantharis 
Med. properties. 
Diur.; stim.; emmen. 
Elaterium 
Dras. cath.; diur. 
Zinci chloridum, ZnCl 
Tonic; antispas.; alt. 
" valerianas 
Tonic; antispas.; alt. 
Antimonii et potassse tartras.. 
As an emetic. 
Ext. hyoscyami ale..' 
Narcot.; anod.; antispas.; 
stim.; lax. 
gr. j to iij 
Pilulae hydrargyri 
Hydrargyri iodidum viride, 
As an alt. and sialagogue. 
HgJ 
Alt. 
Antimonium sulphuratum 
As an alt. 
Ext. senegae ale 
Blenn.; stim. expect.; 
diur.; diaph.; emmen. 
Toxicodendron 
Spas.; narcot. ; diur.; 
diaph.; lax. 
Lobelia 
Potassse permanganas, KO, 
As an antispas. 
Mn2O7 
Alt. 
gr. | to iv. 
Argenti nitras, AgO,NO5. 
Tonic; antispas. 
gr. j to v 
Quiniae sulphas 
As a tonic. 
Zinci sulphas, ZnO,SO3-|-7HO 
As atonic; astring.; an- 
tispas. 
Ferri sulphas, FeO,SO3-|-7HO 
Calx chlorinata, CaO,ClO-{-Ca 
Tonic; astring. 
C1-J-2HO 
Alt.; astring ; stim. 
Acidum tannicum 
Astring. 
gr. ij 
Veratrum album 
Sed.; eccritic. 
Stramonii folium 
Narcot.; anod.; diaph.; 
diur.; lax. 
gr. ij to iij 
Nux vomica 
Spas. ; tonic; diur. 
diaph.; lax. 
Autimonii oxidum, SbO3 
Sed. 
Santoninum. 
Anthelmintic 
gr. ij to iv 
*Leptandrin 
Cath.; cholagogue. 
Gillenia 
As an expect, and diaph. 
Conium 
Narcot.; sed.; antispas. 
Ext conii 
Narcot.; sed.; antispas. 
gr. ij to v 
Acidum gallicum 
Ferri pyrophosphas, 2Fe,O„ 
Astring. 
3PO5-}-9HO 
Tonic. 
Oleoresina lupulinae 
Narcot.; tonic. 
Hydrargyri sulphas flava 
As an emetic. 
Gambogia 
Dras. cath.; hydragog. 6 
Dose. Officinal name. 
Med. properties. 
Febrifuge and tonic. 
fBeberire sulphas 
gr. iij to v Cupri sulphas, CuO,SO3-|-5HO 
As an emetic. 
Lithise carbonas, LO,CO2 
Antacid.; diur.; antili- 
thic. 
gr. v Pilulte saponis comp 
Narcot.; antispas.; anod.; 
sed.; diaph. 
Ferri ferrocyanidum, Fe4Cfy3. 
Tonic ; febrifuge; alt. 
Ext. quassim 
Simp, bitter; tonic; 
stomachic. 
gr. ij to viij Colchici radix et semen 
Diur.; diaph.; expect.; 
anod.; sed.; eccritic. 
Hydrargyrum cum creta 
As an alt.; lax. (for 
children). 
Plumbi acetas, PbO,C4IJ3O3-f- 
3 HO 
Astring.; sed. 
Zinci oxidum, ZnO 
Tonic; antispas. 
Ammonite valerianas, NII4O, 
Antispas.; stim. 
*Salicin 
Astring. bitter; tonic. 
gr. iv to viij Resina j ala pre 
Dras. cath. 
" scammonii 
Dras. cath. 
gr. j to x *Berberina 
Simp, bitter; tonic; 
febrifuge. 
gr. iij to x Potassii bromidum, KBr 
Alt.; resolv ; sed.; an- 
taphrodisiac. 
gr. v to x Camphora, CI0HgO 
Narcot.; diaph.; antaph.; 
stim.; antispas ; anod. 
Colocynthis. 
Dras. cath. 
Ext. hellebori ale 
Dras. cath.; emmen. 
Cardamomum 
Arom.; stim.; carmin.; 
stomachic. 
Capsicum 
Arom.; stim.; carmin. ; 
stomachic. 
Caryophyllus 
Arom.; stim.; carmin.; 
stomachic. 
Hyoscyami folium et semen... 
Narcot.; anod.; antispas.; 
stim. ; lax. ; hypnotic. 
Ext. hyoscyami 
. Narcot.; anod.; antis- 
pas.; stim.; lax. ; hyp- 
notic. 
Ferrum redactum, Fe 
Tonic. 
Ferri phosphas, 2Fe0,I10,P0, 
. Tonic. 
" citras, Fe2O3,C)2H5Ou ... 
Tonic. 
Sabina 
. Emmen.; stimulant. 7 
Dose. 
Officinal name. 
Med. properties. 
Rheum 
As a stomachic lax. 
Alumen exsiccatum 
Astring.; antispas. 
Pilulm scillse comp 
As a stim. expect. 
fLithire citras 
Antacid; antilithic; diur. 
gr. vj to xij 
Lupulina 
Narcot.; tonic. 
Hydrargyri chloridum mite, 
As a purg. and anthel- 
mintic. 
Scilla 
As an emetic. 
gr. v to xv 
Potassii iodidum, KI 
Alt.; resolvent; diur. 
Pilulte hydrargyri 
As a lax. 
Sodae carbonas exsiccata, NaO, 
Antacid; antilithic ; re- 
co2 
Ferri et ammoniae sulphas, 
F2O3,3SO34-NH.O,SO,+ 
solvent; diuretic. 
24HO 
Tonic; astring. 
Ext. podophylli 
Dras. cath. 
Scammonium (pure) 
Dras. cath. 
Ferri subsulphas 
As a styptic. 
gr. v to xx 
Assafeetida 
Antispas. ; stim. ; em- 
men.; expect.; lax. 
Aloe 
Cath.; tonic; emmen. ; 
anthelmin. 
Ext. colocynthidis comp 
Cath ; lax. 
Hydrargyrum cum creta 
Alt.; lax. 
Ammoniac carbonas, 2NH.0, 
Diffus. stim.; diaph.; 
3CO2. 
antispas.; antacid; ex- 
pect. 
Piper 
Aromat.; carmin.; stim. 
Lobelia 
Manganesii sulphas, MnO,SO, 
As an emetic. 
4-5HO 
As a tonic. 
gr v to xxx Ferri subcarb., Fe,O„,CO„. (?) 
Tonic; alt.; emmen. 
Bismuthi subnitras, BiO3.NO5. 
Tonic; antispas.; as- 
tring. 
" subcarbonas. BiO3, 
Tonic; antispas.; as- 
co2. 
tring. 
Ammoniae murias, NH4C1 
Alt.; resolvent; refrig. ; 
sed.; eccritic. 
gr- x. 
Lactucarium 
Narcot.; anod.; hypnot.; 
sed. 
Pulvis ipecacuanhas comp 
Anod.; diaph. 
Magnesias carbonas 
As an antacid. 
Moschus 
Antispas.; stim. 
gr. x to xv. 
*Ext. chimaphilse... 
Astring.; tonic; diur. 8 
Dose. 
Officinal name. 
Med. properties. 
Euphorbia ipecacuanha 
Emetic. 
gr. x to xx 
Castoreum 
Antispas ; stim ; emmen. 
Dracontium 
Antispas.; stim.; narcot. 
Galla 
Astring. 
Geranium 
Astring. 
Ext. krameriae 
Astring.; tonic. 
Helleborus 
Dras. cath ; emmen. 
Ext. jalapae 
Dras. cath. 
Senega 
Blenn.; stim. expect. ; 
diur.; diaph.; emmen. 
Zingiber 
Arom.; stim.; carmin. 
Zinci sulphas 
As an emetic. 
Sanguinaria 
As an emetic. 
Ferri 
Tonic. 
Potassic carbonas, KO,CO2.... 
Antacid; diur.; antili- 
thic; resolvent. 
*Ext. filicis sethereum 
Anthelmin.; taeniacide; 
tonic; astring. 
*Sodie hyposulphis 
Deoxidizer. 
gr. xii 
Quiniae sulphas 
As a febrifuge. 
gr. x to xxx Gentiana 
Simp. bitter; tonic; 
stomachic.; lax. 
Ext. gentianae 
Simp, bitter; tonic; 
stomachic; lax. 
Calumba 
Simp, bitter; tonic; 
demulcent. 
Chiretta 
Simp, bitter; tonic; 
stomachic; lax. 
Ext. cinchome 
Pilulae ferri carbonatis, FeO, 
As a tonic. 
coa 
Tonic. 
Ferri et ammonias tartras, 
Fe2O3,NH4O,C8H4Ol0 
Ferri etpotassae tartras, Fe„O„, 
Tonic. 
KO,C8H4O10+HO 
Tonic; lax. 
Alumen, Al 
Astring.; antispas. 
Catechu 
Astring ; tonic. 
Kino 
Astring. 
Ext. haematoxyli 
Astring. 
Soda; carbonas, NaO,CO, + 
Antacid; antilithic; re- 
10HO. 
solvent; diuretic. 
Sodae bicarbonas, NaO, HO, 
Antacid; antilithic; re- 
2'02 
solvent; diuretic. 9 
Dose. Officinal name. 
Med. properties. 
Creta prseparata 
Testa " 
Antacid; astring. 
Antacid; astring 
Balsamum tolutanum 
Blenn.; stim.; tonic; ex- 
pect. 
Myrrha 
Blenn.; stim.; tonic; ex- 
pect.; emmen. 
Ext. valerianae alcoholicum.... 
Antispas.; stim. 
" rhei alcoholicum 
Cath. ; stomachic.; as- 
tring. ; tonic. 
" juglandis 
Cath. 
Salix 
Astring. bitter; tonic. 
Guaiaci resina et lignum 
Alt. diaph. ; lax. ; em- 
men.; stim. 
Cinnamomum 
Arom.; stim.; carmin.; 
astring. 
Potassm nitras, KO,NO5 
Refrig. ; sed. ; diur. ; 
diaph. 
Calcis phosphas preecipitata... 
Alt. 
Ammoniacum 
Antispas.; expect. 
Acidum tartaricum 
Refrig. 
gr. xv to xxx Jalapa 
Dras. cath. 
Potassae chloras, KO,C1O5 
Alt. ; sed.; diur. 
Ruta 
Emmen. 
gr xx Ipecacuanha 
As an emetic. 
Ergota 
Spastic. 
Magnesia, MgO 
As an antacid. 
Podophyllum 
Dras. cathartic. 
gr. xx to xxv Potassae citras, 3KO,C12H5Oh. 
Refrig.; diaph. 
gr. xx to xxx Hydrargyri chloridum mite.... 
As a sed. 
Krameria 
Astring.; tonic. 
Buchu 
Blenn.; diur.; diaph. 
Cascarilla 
Arom. bitter; tonic. 
Myristic a 
Arom.; stim.; carmin.; 
narcot. 
gr. xx to xl Uva ursi 
Sodas phosphas,2NaO, HO,PO5 
Astring.; tonic; diur. 
4-24110 
As an alt. 
gr. xx to lx Potassae bicarbonas, KO, HO, 
Antacid.; diur.; antili- 
2COb. 
thic; resolvent. 
Quassia 
Simp, bitter; tonic; sto- 
machic. 
Simaruba 
Simp bitter ; tonic; sto- 
machic. 10 
Dose. 
Officinal name. 
Med. properties. 
Cornus Florida 
Astring. bitter; tonic ; 
febrifuge. 
Nectandra , 
Astring. bitter ; tonic ; 
febrifuge. 
Potass® acetas, KO,C4H3O3... 
" bitartras, KO, HO,CS 
Diur.; antacid; alt. 
h4o10 
As a diuretic. 
Ext. taraxaci 
Diur.; tonic; aperient; 
cholagogue. 
Rheum 
As a purgative. 
Terebinthina 
As a blenn.; stim.; diur. 
Leptandra 
Cath.; cholagogue. 
Calamus 
Arom. ; stim.; tonic ; 
carmin. 
Cimicifuga 
Blenn. ; antispas, ; ex- 
pect.; diaph.; diur.; 
emmen. 
gr. xxx 
Sarsaparilla 
Alt. diaph. 
Sod® boras 
Refrig.; diur.; emmen. 
Gillenia 
As an emetic. 
gr. xxxvi 
Confectio opii 
Narcot.; stim. 
gr. xxx to lx Valeriana 
Antispas.; stim. 
Pix liquida 
Blenn.; stim.; diur.; ex- 
pect. 
Matico 
Blenn.; tonic; diur.; h®- 
mostatic; alt. stim. 
Pareira 
Blenn.; tonic; diur.; ape- 
rient. 
Frasera 
Simp, bitter; tonic; sto- 
machic. 
Sabbatia 
Simp, bitter; tonic; sto- 
machic.; emmen. 
Carota 
Diur.; arom. 
Angelica 
Arom. bitter; tonic; 
stim. 
3i 
Cinchona 
As a tonic. 
Magnesia 
As a lax. 
Sod® sulphis, NaO,SO24-3IIO 
Parasiticide.' 
3ss to ij 
Allium 
Blenn.; expect.; diur.; 
stim.; tonic; carmin.; 
eccritic. 
Senna 
Cath. 
Liriodendron 
Arom. bitter ; tonic ; 
diaph.; stim. 11 
Dose. 
Officinal name. 
Med. properties. 
Confectio sennas 
Laxative. 
3j ij 
Magnesiae carbonas 
As a lax. 
Cassia fistula * 
Lax. 
Manganesii sulphas 
As a purg. 
Potassae bitartras 
As an aperient. 
Rottlera 
Anthelmin.; taeniacide. 
Spigelia 
Anthelmin. 
5J t0 "J 
Cubeba 
Blenn.; stim.; diur. 
Sulphur, S. 
Lax.; alt. diaph.; re- 
solvent. 
" praecipitatum 
Lax.; alt. diaph.; re- 
Filix mas 
Anthelmin.; taeniacide; 
tonic; astring. 
gss to j 
Cinchona 
Asa febrifuge. 
Potassae bitartras 
" et sodae tartras, KO, 
As a cath. 
NaO,C8H4OI0 
Cath. 
Terebinthina (in emulsion).... 
As a cath. or anthelmin. 
Magnesiae sulphas, MgO,SOj+ 
7HO 
Sodae sulphas, NaO,SO„-|- 
Cath.; refrigerant. 
10HO 
Cath. 
o3 to ij 
Sodae phosphas 
As a cath. 
Manna 
Lax. 
Pepo . 
Anthelmintic. 
Class L-MEDICINES GIVEN IN FLUID FORM. 
A. Those given in Doses less than a Fluidrachm. 
Dose. 
Officinal name. 
Med. properties. 
gtt. | to | 
Oleum amygdalae amarae 
Narcot.; sed.; antispas.; 
anod. 
gtt- j 
Oleoresina capsici 
Arom.; stim. 
gtt. j to ij 
Acidum hydrocyanicum dilut. 
Narcot.; sed.; antispas.; 
anod. 
Creasotum 
Astring.; styptic. 
Oleum tiglii 
Dras. cath.; diur. 12 
Dose. 
Officinal name. 
Med. properties. 
Oleum cinnamomi 
Arom.; stim.; carmin.; 
astring. 
Oleoresina zingiberis... 
Arom.; stim ; carmin. 
gtt. ij to iij 
Oleum camphor® 
Narcot.; stim. 
diaph ; anod.; antispas. 
" myristic® 
Arom.; stim.; carmin.; 
narcot. 
Oleoresina piperis.... 
Arom.; stim.; carmin. 
gtt. j to V 
Oleum menth® piperita; 
Arom : stim.; carmin. 
" " viridis 
Arom.; stim.; carmin. 
" cajuputi 
Arom. ; stim.; carmin.; 
antispas. 
" lavandul® 
Arom ; stim.; carmin. 
gtt. ij to v 
Acidum nitromuriaticum 
Tonic; antisypbilitic. 
Oleum caryophylli 
Arom ; stim.; carmin. 
" rut® 
Emmen.; stim.; antispas. 
gtt. iv to v 
Ext. veratri viridis fluidum.... 
Sed ; diur.; emet. 
Oleum valerian® 
Antispas.; stim. 
gtt iv to xij Ext. colchici radicis fluidum... 
Diur.; diapb.; expect.; 
eccritic ; sed.; anod. 
" " seminis " 
Diur.; diaph.; expect.; 
eccritic ; sed.; anod. 
gtt. j to X 
Oleum cari 
Arom.; stim.; carmin. 
gtt. ij to x 
" sassafras 
Alt. diaph ; stim.; arom. 
gtt. vj 
Liquor iodinii comp 
Alt.; resolv.; emmen. 
Brominium 
Alt.; resolv. 
gtt. vij to x 
Acetum opii 
Tinct. veratri viridis, §xvj to 
Narcot; anod.; antispas.; 
diaph.; sopor; sed. 
ale. Oij 
Sed.; diur ; emet. 
gtt. v to X 
Oleum sabin® 
Emmen.; stim. 
" chenopodii 
Anthelmin. (for a child). 
" erigerontis Canadensis. 
Tinct. aconiti radicis, to 
H®mostatic. 
ale. Oij 
Narcot.; sed. 
gtt. v to XV 
Liquor potass® arsenitis (Fow- 
ler's sol.) 
Alt.; febrifuge. 
Antispas.; stim ; diur. 
Oleum succini rectificatum 
" foeniculi 
Arom.; carmin. 
" anisi. 
Arom.; carmin. 
u juniperi 
Diur. 
gtt. v to XX 
Tinct. nucis vomic®, to 
Spastic ; diur.; diaph.; 
ale. Oij 
lax.; tonic. 13 
Dose. 
Officinal name. 
Med. properties. 
Tinct. opii camphorata 
Narcot.; anod.; antispas, 
(for an infant). 
Syrupus ipecacuanha: 
Liquor arsenic! et hydrargyri 
As an expect, (for a child 
of 1 to 2 years). 
iodidi (Donovan's sol.) 
Alt. (in skin diseases). 
gtt. v to XXX 
Oleum terebinthinae 
As a blenn.; stim. ; and 
diur. 
gtt. x to xij 
" cubebae 
Blenn ; diur.; stim. 
gtt. X to XV 
" copaibte (in emulsion). 
Blenn.; diur.; stim.; lax. 
gtt. X to XX 
Tinct. digitalis, 5iv to dil. ale. 
Oij 
Sed.; diur.; narcot. 
Tinct. iodinii, £j to ale. Oj 
Liquor ferri nitratis, Fe2O3, 
Alt.-r resolvent; emmen. 
3NO5 
Tonic; astring. 
Liquor ferri citratis 
Tonic. 
" potassse, KO,HO 
Antacid.; diur.; antili- 
thic; resolvent. 
" sodae, NaO,HO 
Antacid.; diur.; antili- 
thic; resolvent. 
Spiritus cinnamomi 
Arom.; stim ; carmin.; 
astring. 
gtt. X to XXX 
Vinum antimonii 
As an expect, and sudo- 
rific. 
Aqua ammonite 
Diffus. stim. ; sudorific.; 
antacid. . 
■ ' 
Spiritus " 
Diffus. stim.; antispas.; 
carmin. 
Acidum sulphuricum dil 
" " arom.... 
Tonic ; refrig.; astring. 
Tonic; refrig.; astring.; 
gtt. XV to XXX 
Tinct. iodinii comp., to po- 
tass. iod. and ale. Oj 
Alt.; resolv.; emmen. 
Tinct. belladonnae, (of the 
Narcot.; antispas.; 
leaves) to dil. ale. Oij. 
diaph.; anod.; diur.; 
lax. 
gtt. XX 
Tinct. opii acetata, ij to vine- 
Narcot.; antispas.; 
gar alcohol Oss. 
diaph. ; anod. ; sed.; 
sopor. 
gtt. XXV. 
Tinct. opii, §'jss to dil. ale. 
Narcot.; antispas.; 
Oij. 
diaph. ; anod. ; sed. ; 
sopor. 
Tinct. opii deodorata 
Narcot.; antispas.; 
diaph.; anod.; sed.; 
sopor. 14 
Dose 
Officinal name. 
Med. properties. 
Vinum opii, §ij to wine Oj-|- 
Narcot.; antispas.; 
cinnamon and cloves. 
diaph.; anod.; sed.; 
1 
sopor. 
gtt. xx to xxx Tinct. aconiti folii, Siv to dil. 
ale. Oij 
Narcot.; sed. 
Tinct. stramonii, giv to dil. 
Narcot.; antispas.; anod.; 
ale. Oij. 
diaph.; diur.; lax. 
Ext. ergotae fluidum.. 
Spastic. 
" zingiberis fluidum... 
Arom.; stim.; carmin. 
gtt. xx to xl 
Tinct. scillae, §iv to dil. ale. 
Oij 
As a diur. or expect. 
Syrupus ferri iodidi 
Tonic; alt. 
Acidum nitricum dil 
Tonic; astring.; refrig.; 
alt. ; antilithic. 
Spiritus menthse viridis 
Arom.; stim.; carmin. 
" " piperitm 
Arom.; stim.; carmin. 
gtt. xx to 1 *Tinct. gelsemii radicis, 5iv to 
dil. ale. Oj 
Sed. 
IYL v to xxx 
Oleoresina cubebas 
Blenn.; stim.; diur. (used 
in gonorrhoea). 
■ Hl X to XXX 
Vinum ipecacuanhas 
As an expect, and diaph. 
gtt. xx to lx Acidum muriaticum dil 
Tonic; refrig.; antilithic. 
gtt. xxx to lx Tinct. sanguinarise 
As an expect. 
Ext. sarsaparillae fluidum 
Alt. diaph. 
" buchu " 
Blenn.; diur.; diaph. 
B. Medicines given in about Fluidrachm Doses or more. 
Dose. Officinal name. Med. properties. 
fgsstoj Tinct. myrrhae, to ale. Oij. Blenn.; stim.; expect.; 
emmen.; tonic. 
" conii, to dil. ale. Oij. Narcot.; antispas.; sed. 
" hellebori " Dras. oath.; emmen. 
./Ether Narcot.; stim.; anod.; 
antispas. 
Chloroformum purificatum.... Narcot.; stim.; anod.; 
antispas. 
Spiritus chloroformi Narcot.; stim.; anod.; 
antispas. 
" aetheris nitrosi Refrig.; antispas.; 
diaph.; diur. 
Ext. gentianae fluidum Simp, bitter; tonic; sto- 
machic. 
" serpentariae " Arom.bitter; stim.; tonic; 
diur.; diaph. 15 
Dose. Officinal name. 
Med. properties. 
Ext. uvae ursi fluidum 
Astring.; tonic; diur. 
" cimicifugae " 
Blenn. ; antispas. ; ex- 
pect.; diur.; diaph. 
gtt. v to f3j Spiritus camphorae, §iv to ale. 
Narcot. ; diaph. ; anti- 
spas.; stim.; anod. 
Oij. 
gtt. x to fjj Syrupus scillae comp, (hive 
Diur.; emet.; expect.; 
syrup). 
Tinct. cantharidis, to dil. 
cath. (for children). 
ale. Oij 
Diur.; stim.; emmen. 
gtt. xx to fjj Copaiba 
Blenn ; stim.; diur.; lax. 
Vinum antimonii 
As an emetic (for child- 
dren). 
Liquor sodas chlorinatae 
Alt.; astring.; stim. 
Spiritus ammoniae aromat 
Diffus. stim. ; antiepas.; 
carmin.; antacid. 
PL x to Vinum eolchici radicis, §xij to 
Diur.; diaph.; expect.; 
sherry wine Oij. 
anod.; sed. 
n[ x-xxx to Tinct. ferri chloridi, Fe,CL.... 
f3j-ij 
Tonic; diur. 
Acetum scillae 
Diur.; blenn. expect. 
gtt.xxxtofgij Acetum colchici .1 
Diur.; expect.; diaph.; 
anod.; sed ; eccritic. 
fjss to ij Tinct colchici, §iv (of seed) 
Diur.; diaph.; expect.; 
to dil. ale. Oij. 
anod.; sed.; eccritic. 
Tinct. benzoini comp 
Blenn.; stim. expect. 
fjj " lobeliae, Siv to dil. ale. 
Narcot. ; emet.; sed. ; 
Oij. 
naus.; diur.; diaph. 
" assafoetides, Siv to ale. 
Antispas.; stim ; expect.; 
Oij. 
" Valerianae, to dil. 
ale. Oij 
lax.; anthelmin. 
Antispas.; stim. 
" hyoscyami, §iv to dil. 
Narcot.; anod.; antispas.; 
ale. Oij. 
stim.; lax.; hypnotic. 
* " coptis, §j to dil. ale. 
Simp, bitter tonic: sto- 
Oj. 
machic. 
" guaiaci, gvj to ale. Oij. 
Alt. diaph ; stim.; lax.; 
emmen. 
Acetum lobeliae, to acetic 
Narcot.; antispas.; ex- 
acid Oj. 
pect.; emet. 
Ext. sarsaparilla; fluidum comp. 
Alt. diaph. 
Syrupus scillae 
Diur.; expect.; emet. 
" allii. . 
As a blenn.; stim.; ex- 
pect.; diur. (for child- 
ren). 16 
Dose. 
Officinal name. 
Med. properties. 
Syrupus rhei aromaticus 
As a stomachic ; lax. (for 
infants). 
Spiritus lavandulae 
Arom.; stim ; carmin. 
" " comp 
Arom.; stim.; carmin. 
Acidum sulphurosum, S02 .... 
Parasiticide (used for 
sarcina ventriculi). 
*Ainyli iodidum 
Alt.; resolv.; emmen. 
Liquor calcis 
As an antacid; tonic ; 
astring. (for children). 
Ext. valeriame fluidum 
Antispas.; stim. 
" rhei " 
As a purg. 
f3Jt0 >J 
Tinct. lupulinre, ?iv to ale. 
Oij 
Narcot.; tonic. 
Tinct. castorei, §ij to ale. Oij. 
" cardamomi, giv to dil. 
Antispas.; stim.; em- 
men. 
ale. Oij 
Arom.; stim. (adjuvant). 
" serpentariae, §iv to dil. 
Arom. bitter; stim.; 
ale. Oij. 
" cubebae, ?iv to dil. ale. 
tonic; diur.; diaph. 
Oij ••• 
" valerianoe ammoniata, 
§iv to sp. amm. arom. 
Blenn.; stim.; diur. 
Oij 
" guaiaci ammoniata, gvj 
Antispas.; stim. 
to sp. amm. arom.Oij. 
" krameriae, §vj to dil. 
Alt. diaph. emmen.; stim. 
ale. Oij 
" kino, Jvj to dil. ale. 
Astring.; tonic. 
fViij 
" capsici, §j to dil. ale. 
Oij 
Astring.; stim. 
Arom.; stim. 
" quassiae, 5ij to dil. ale. 
Simp, bitter; tonic; sto- 
Oij. 
machic. 
" gentianae comp, to 
Simp, bitter tonic ; sto- 
orange peel §j, car- 
damom. §ss, dil. ale. 
Oij. 
machic. 
" tolutana, §iij to ale. Oij. 
Blenn.; stim.; expect, 
(used in cough mix- 
tures). 
" aloes et myrrhae 
Spiritus myristicae, §ij to dil. 
Gath.; tonic; emmen. 
ale. Oviij 
Arom.; carmin. 
" aetheris comp 
Antispas.; anod.; stim. 17 
Dose. 
Officinal name. 
Med. properties. 
Spiritus juniperi comp 
Diur. (adjuvant). 
Ext. taraxaci fluidum 
Diur; tonic; aperient; 
cholagogue. 
" spigeliae " 
Anthelmintic. 
" pruni Virginianse fluidum. 
Astring. bitter ; tonic; 
sed. 
Vinum colchici seminis, jjiv to 
Diur.; expect.; diaph.; 
sherry wine Oij. 
anod.; sed.; eccritic. 
ergotae, to sherry 
wine Oj 
Spastic. 
" aloes 
As a lax. 
Syrupus senegae 
Blenn.; stim. expect.; 
diaph,; diur.; emmen. 
Liquor morphiae sulphatis, gr. 
Narcot. ; anod. ; sopor.; 
f3J t0 "J 
j to water f§j. 
Tinct. catechu §iij to cinnamon 
diaph.; antispas. 
§ij, dil. ale. Oij 
" cinnamomi, §iij to dil 
Astring.; tonic. 
ale. Oij 
" gallae, §iv to dil. ale. Oij. 
Arom. (adjuv.) 
Astring. 
" humuli, 5v to dil. ale. 
Oij 
Narcot.; tonic. 
Acidum lacticum. 
(Used in atonic dyspep- 
sia.) 
fSu 
Ext. cinchonas fluidum 
As a tonic. 
f5'j t0 iij 
Syrupus lactucarii 
Narcot.; anod.; hypnot.; 
sed. 
fjj to iv 
Tinct. cinchonae, §vj to dil. 
Astring. bitter (used as 
ale. Oij. 
an adjunct). 
" cinchonae comp, (red 
Tonic ; febrifuge ; arom. 
bark, serpentaria, and 
aromatics). 
(Huxham's). 
* " rottlerae, gvj to ale. Oj 
Anthelmin.; toeniacide. 
" calumbae, §iv to dil. ale. 
Simp, bitter; tonic; sto- 
Oij. 
machic; demulcent. 
Syrupus krameriae 
Astring.; tonic. 
Aqua creasoti 
Astring.; styptic. 
Oleum ricini 
As a lax. (for children). 
Acidum aceticum dil 
Refrig ; diaph.; diur. 
fgss 
*Syrupus mucunae 
Anthelmintic. 
Ext. spigeliae et sennae fluidum. 
Anthelmintic. 
" sennae fluidum 
Cath. 18 
Dose. 
Officinal name. 
Med. properties. 
Mistura glycyrrhizse comp 
Demulcent (cough mix- 
ture). 
Syrupus sarsaparillse comp.... 
Alt. diaph. 
" pruni Virginianae 
Astring bitter; tonic ; 
sed. 
Mistura cretae 
Antacid ; astringent. 
Aqua amygdalae amarae 
(Vehicle for narcotic me- 
• 
dicines). 
Tinct. opii camphorata, gr. lx 
Narcot. ; antispas. ( 
to dil. ale. Oij 
Tinct. sanguinariae, §iv to dil. 
anod. 
ale. Oij 
As an emetic. 
Oleum morrhuae 
Alt.; stim. 
to j 
Tinct rhei, §iij cardamom 
to dil. ale. Oij 
Oath.; tonic; stomachic. 
*Tinct. rhei et gentianae 
Cath.; tonic; stomachic. 
" " et sennae 
Cath.; tonic; stomachic. 
* " " et aloes 
Cath ; tonic; stomachic. 
Mistura assafoetidae, gij to wa- 
Antispas.; stim.; lax. ; 
ter Oss. 
expect ; emmen. 
Mistura chloroformi 
Narcot.; stim.; anod.; 
antispas.; diaph. 
Liquor ammoniae acetatis 
Refrig.; diaph.; diur.; 
resolvent 
Oleum ricini 
Lax. 
" terebinthinae 
As an anthelmintic. 
f§ss to iv 
Liquor calcis 
Antacid; astring.; alt. 
resolvent. 
Vinum ipecacuanhas, §j to 
sherry wine Oj 
As an emetic. 
Limonis succus 
Refrig ; antiscorbutic. 
f|j to ij 
Aqua camphorae 
Narcot. ; stim.; anod. ; 
antaphrodisiac; 
diaph.; antispas. 
Mistura ferri comp 
Tonic. 
f§vj to xij 
Liquor magnesiae citratis 
Cathartic. 19 
SYLLABUS OF INFUSIONS (Infusa, U. S. P.). 
[ The general dose of Infusions is f§ij (a wineglassful') frequently repeated. ] 
First Group.- One Troyounce to a Pint. 
Officinal name. 
Proportions. 
Medical properties. 
Infusum cinchonae fla- 
Cold water -|- arom. 
Astring. bitter; tonic ; 
vee. 
sulph. acid, fgj 
febrifuge. 
Infusum cinchonae ru- 
Cold water -|- arom. 
Astring. bitter ; tonic ; 
brae. 
sulph acid fjj. 
febrifuge. 
Infusum krameriae. ... 
Cold water or boiling 
Astring.; tonic. 
" cascarillas.... 
Cold water or boiling 
Arom. bitter; tonic. 
" eupatorii 
Boiling water 
Arom bitter ; tonic ; 
diaph.; expect ; emet.; 
lax. 
* " fraserm 
Boiling water 
Simp, bitter; tonic. 
* " sabbatiae 
Boiling water 
Simp, bitter ; tonic ; em- 
men. 
" juniperi 
Boiling water 
Diuretic. 
" pareirse 
Boiling water 
Blenn. ; diur. ; tonic ; 
aperient. 
buchu 
Boiling water 
Blenn.; diur.; diaph. 
" sennae 
Boiling water -|- co- 
riander 5j. 
Mild acrid cath. (dose 
OJ) 
Second Group.- One-half Troy ounce to a Pint. 
Officinal name. 
Proportions. 
Medical properties. 
Infusum capsici 
Boiling water 
Arom.; stim. 
" salvi® 
Boiling water 
Arom.; tonic; astring. 
" zingiberis.... 
Boiling water 
Arom.; stim.; carmin. 
" serpen tari®.. 
Boiling water 
Arom. bitter; stim.; 
tonic; diur.; diaph. 
" anthemidis.. 
Boiling water 
Arom. bitter; tonic; 
(emetic when hot). 
" catechu comp 
Boiling water -|- cin- 
namon 5jj 
Astring.; tonic. 
" lini comp 
Boiling water -j- li- 
- 
quorice root 3'j ••• 
Demulcentfdose 0| to j). 
" spigeliae 
Boiling water.. 
Anthelmintic. 
" hamuli 
Boiling water 
Narcotic; tonic. 
" calumb® 
Boiling water 
Simp, bitter; demul- 
cent tonic. 
gentian® 
Cold water aro- 
comp. 
matics 
Simp, bitter ; tonic; lax. 
" valerian®.... 
Cold water... 
Antispas.; stim. 
" pruniVirgini- 
Cold water 
Astring. bitter; tonic; 
an® 
sedative. 20 
Third Group.-Proportions varied. 
Officinal name. Proportions. 
Medical properties. 
Infusum quassiae to cold water Oj. 
Simp, bitter; tonic. 
" caryophylli.. Zij to boiling water 
Aromat.; stim. 
Oj- 
" taraxaci Sij to boiling water 
Diuretic; tonic; aperi- 
oj. 
ent; cholagogue. 
" tabaci 5j to boiling water 
Narcot. (sed. injection in 
Oj. 
hernia.) 
" digitalis Jj to boiling water 
Oss tinct. cinna- 
momi l§j 
Sed ; diur.; narcot. 
rhei gij to boiling water 
Oss 
Mild acrid cath.; lax. 
" rosae comp... 
Astring.; refrig. 
" picis liquidae. Oj to water Oiv 
Blennor.; stim.; diur. 
SYLLABUS OF DECOCTIONS (Decocta U. S. P.). 
[The general dose of the Decoctions is f§ij or more.] 
Officinal name. Proportions. 
Medical properties. 
Decoctum 
cinchonae 5j to Oj 4- arom. 
Astring. bitter; tonic ; 
flavae. 
sulph acid fgj. 
febrifuge. 
Decoctum 
cinchonae to Oj -4- arom. 
Astring. bitter; tonic ; 
rubrae. 
sulph. acid fjj. 
febrifuge. 
Decoctum 
cornus Flo- to Oj 
Astring. bitter ; tonic ; 
ridae. 
febrifuge. 
Decoctum 
senegae §j to Oj 
Blennor.; diur.; diaph.; 
stim. expect.; emmen. 
<c 
dulcamara). §j to Oj 
Narcot.; diur.; diaph. 
uvae ursi.... Sjj to Oj 
Astring.; tonic; diur. 
<c 
chimaphilae. §j to Oj 
Astring.; tonic; diur 
cc 
haematoxyli 5j to Oij boiled 
to 
Oj 
Astring. 
* u 
geranii §j to Oiss boiled 
to 
Oj 
Astring. 
quercus al- to Oiss boiled 
to 
bae. Oj 
Astring. 
<< 
cetrariae. ... §ss to Oj..... 
Demulcent; tonic ; nu- 
trient. 
* u 
apocyni ?ss to Oiss boiled to Diur.; diaph.; sed.; cath.; 
cannabini. Oj. 
emet. 
* «< 
rubi ?j to Oij boiled 
to 
Oj 
Astringent. 21 
SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
Recipe, take. 
aa, Ana (av«), of each. 
lb, Libra, librae, a pound, pounds. 
§, Uncia, unciae, an ounce, ounces. 
5, Drachma, drachmae, a drachm, 
drachms. 
Q, Scrupulus, scrupuli, a scruple, 
scruples. 
0, Odarius, odarii, a pint, pints, 
fg, Fluiduncia, fluidunciae, a fluid- 
ounce, fluidounces. 
fg, Fluidrachma, fluidrachmae, a 
fluidrachm, fluidrachms. 
TTL, Minimum, minima, a minim, 
minims. 
Ad 2 Vic., Ad duas vices, at two 
takings. 
Ad Lib., Ad libitum. 
Add., Adde, Addatur, add, let be 
added. 
Altern. Horis, Alternis horis, 
every other hour. 
Aq. Destil., Aqua Destillata, dis- 
tilled water. 
Aq. Ferv., fervens, hot wa- 
ter. 
Aq. Fluvial., Aqua fluvialis, river 
water. 
Aq. Font., Aqua fontana, spring 
water. 
Aq. Pluv., Aqua pluvialis, rain 
water. 
Bis Ind., Bis indies, twice a day. 
Bull., Bulliat, Bulliant, let it or 
them boil. 
Cap., Capiat, capiendum, let the 
patient take it, it must be taken. 
Chart., Chartula, chartulae, a 
small paper or papers. 
Cochleat., Cochlealim, by spoon- 
fuls. 
Coch. Mag., Cochleare magnum, a 
tablespoonful. 
Coch. Med., Cochleare medium, a 
dessertspoonful. 
Coch. Parv., Cochleareparvum, a 
teaspoonful. 
Col., Cola, coletur, strain, let it 
be strained. 
Collyr., Collyrium, an eye-water. 
Comp., Compositus, compounded. 
Cong., Congius, congii, a gallon, 
gallons. 
C. M. S., Cras mane sumendus, to 
be taken to-morrow morning. 
C. N., Cras node, to morrow night. 
Decoct., Decodum, a decoction. 
De D. in D , De die in diem, from 
day to day. 
Dieb. Alter., Diebus alternis, 
every other day. 
Dil , Dilue, dilutus, dilute, diluted. 
Dim., Dimidius, one-half. 
Div., Divide, divide. 
D. Doses, a dose. 
Elect., Eleduarium, an electuary. 
Enema, Enema, enemata, a clyster, 
clysters. 
Exhib., Exhibeatur, let it be ad- 
ministered. 
F. H., Fiat haustus, let a draught 
be made. 
Fil., Filtra, filter. 
Ft., Fiat, fiant, let there be made. 
Garg., Gargarysma, a gargle. 
Gr., Granum, grana, a grain, 
grains. 
Gtt., Gutta, guttae, a drop, drops. 
Guttat., Guttatim, by drops. 22 
Haust., Haustus, a draught. 
Ind., Indies, daily. 
Inf., Infunde, pour in. 
Infus., Infusum, an infusion. 
Inj., Injiciatur, let it be injected. 
Jul., Julepus, a julep. 
M., Misce, Mix. 
Mane, in the morning. 
Mist., Mistura, a mixture. 
Mic. Pan., Mica panis, crumb of 
bread. 
No., Numero, in number. 
Omn. Hor., Omni hor cl, every hour. 
Omn. Bid., Omni biduo, every two 
days. 
Omn. Bih., Omni bihorcl, every 
two hours. 
Omn. Man., Omni mane, every 
morning. 
Omn. Nocte, Omni node, every 
night. 
Omn. Quadr. Hor., Omni quad- 
rante horx, every quarter of an 
hour. 
Ph., Pharmacopoeia. 
Pocul., Poculum, a cup. 
P. R. N., Pro re nata, as the 
symptoms may call for. 
Pulv., Pulvis, a powder. 
Q. P., Quantum placeat, as much 
as you please. 
Q. S. Quantum sufficiat, enough. 
Quor., Quorum, of which. 
Redig. in Pulv., Redigatur in pul- 
verem, let it be reduced to pow- 
der. 
Repet., Repetatur, repetantur, let 
it or them be repeated. 
S , Signa, write. 
S. A., Secundum artem, according 
to art. 
Semih., Semihora, half an hour. 
Sign., Signatura, a label. 
Ss., Semis, a half. 
Sum., Sume, Sumendus, take, to be 
taken. 
Tabel., Tabella, a lozenge. 
Troch , Trochiscus, a lozenge. 
Trit., Tritura, triturate. 
DOSES OF MEDICINES FOR HYPODERMIC INJECTIONS. 
Dose for an adult. 
Atropiae sulphasgr. to 
Strychnias sulphasgr. to 
Morphiae sulphas et m urias gr | to f. 
Quinias sulphas (Neutral solution)gr- ij to iv. 
Liq. morph, sulph. (Magendie's sol.)gtt. iij to xx. 
Liq. opii comp. (Squibb's)gtt. v to lx. 
Tinct. hyoscyamigtt. x to xx. 
Tinct. cannabisgtt. x to xx. 
Sodae sulphis (in pyemia)gr. ii> 
(In mania-potu the first dose should be larger than in other cases.) 23 
Apothecaries' Weight. 
20 grains, grs. make a scruple, 
3 scruples " a drachm, (J. 
8 drachms " an ounce, §. 
12 ounces " a pound, ft. 
Apothecaries' Measure (Liquid). 
60 minims, make a drachm, 
8 drachms " an ounce, f§. 
16 ounces " a pint, 0. 
8 pints " a gallon, Cong. 
A minim contains more or less drops according to the nature of the 
liquid, the size of the bottle from which it is dropped, &c. 
A teacup contains about 4 fluidounces. 
A wineglass " " 2 " 
A tablespoon " " £ a fluidounce. 
A dessertspoon*1 " 2 fluidrachms. 
A teaspoon " " 1 fluidrachm. 
Circumstances which Modify the Effects of Medicines.-Age, 
Sex, Temperament, Idiosyncrasy, Habit, Race, Climate, Occupa- 
tion. (Biddle.) 
Table of Approximative Doses according to Age. (Dupglison.) 
Age. 
24 Let the full dose be 1 Jj. 
18 Will require f £)ij. 
14 " i 
7 " J Bj. 
4 " i grs. xv. 
8 " I " x. 
2 " I " viij. 
1 " A " v. 
Dr. Young's rule for the same: " For children under twelve years 
the doses of most medicines must be diminished in the proportion of 
the age to the age increased by twelve." Thus at two years |, i. e., 
2 
= 7 ' or> *n ot^er words, add the age to 12 and divide the age by 
this sum, and the product will be the proportion of the dose to that of 
an adult. At 21 the full dose may be given.. 24 
INCOMPATIBLES. 
"Substances which, when mixed, combine or mutually decomp 
are said to be chemically incompatible. It by no means follows th. 
the new bodies formed are inert. 
The following general rules will be of use in prescribing;- 
(1.) Neutral salts containing the same base, or the same acid, do 
not decompose each other. 
(2 ) Substances are incompatible with their tests and antidotes, as 
the very action of these depends upon chemical change. 
(3.) The free acids generally unite with the oxides, and decompose 
the carbonates; the same is true of salts having an acid reaction. 
(4.) The alkalies and alkaline earths, and their carbonates, gene- 
rally precipitate the salts of the heavy metals. 
(5.) The vegetable astringents precipitate most of the salts of the 
heavy metals, the alkaloids and alumina. Hence, vegetable and 
mineral astringents are chemically incompatible. 
(6.) The iodides and bromides precipitate most of the salts of the 
heavy metals; the chlorides, the lead, mercury, and silver salts only. 
The following preparations should either be given alone, or, if com- 
bined, it should be with caution, as they are readily decomposed: 
Lugol's, Donovan's, and Fowler's solutions; lime-water, solution of 
potassa, hydrocyanic and nitro-muriatic acids, tartar-emetic, cyanide 
of potassium, acetate of zinc, nitrate of silver."