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           From the Edinburg Review.
  " But lest any one should suffer by an incautious
indulgence in the  good things  displayed  in the
" Cook's Oracle," the author has published a separate
work under the title of Peptic Precepts, in which the
prevailing symptoms of Indigestion are carefully no-
ticed, and the most effectual antidotes prescribed." 
                  THE* ART
                       OF
        INVIGORATING AND PROLONGING

                 LIFE,
                       BY
    FOOD, CLOTHES, AIJL^XERCISE, WINE, SLEEP, &c.
                     •f AND
           PEPTIC  PRECEPTS,
               -ML*  »
                  V FOISTING OUT
I   AGREEABLE A%D EFFECTUAL METHODS
                TO PREVENT AND RELIEVE           I
             INDIGESTION,  1}  */ fe
                      4jHD TO
      REGULATE AND STRENGTHEN THE ACTION
                      OF THE
           STOMACilAND BOWELS.
               Suaviter uffodo, fortiter in re.
              TO WHICH IS ADDED,
  THE PLEASURE OF/MAKING A WILL.
              Fini^Coronat opus.


THE AUTHOR OF "THE COOK'S ORACLE^'
               Sfc. Sfc. Sfc.           J"'
      FROM THE THIRD LONDON EDITION.
          PHILADELPHIA *.
H. C. CAREY & I. LEA-CHESNUT STREET.

               1823. 
*
       Q.TA







           *




P'lt^  $ltrD  3*c+-" 2L 
             TO THE

 NERVOUS AND  BILIOUS,

          THE FOLLOWING

        TREATISE,

             ON THE

ART OF MANAGING THOSE TEMPERAMENTS

          IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED.
                       *


                2 
/ 
              '■THE  ART
                    OF
INT'  i,OPj\VNG AND PROLONGING

                LIFE
                    BY

        j®itt ant)  ftesimetu
 * The choice and measure of the materia'! of which our Body i
composed, and what we take daily by Founds, is at least of as much
importance as what we take seldom,  and only by Grains and Spoon*
fid."—Dr. Arbutfmot on Aliment, pref. p. iii.
The  Editor of  the  following  pages  had
originally an  extremely Delicate  Constitu-
tion;—and   at an  early   period  devoted
himself to the study  of  Physic, with  the
hope — of  learning how  to make the most
of his small stock  of  Health.
  The  system he adopted, iucceeded, and
                      2 
2
THE ART OF INVIC'
he is arrived at  his  forty.*hird year' m
tolerable good Health ; and tP*ls without an>'
uncomfortable abstinence :—Pis ma*im has
ever been, "dum Vivimus,  Vivamus"
  He does not mean the  Agur»h existence
of the votary of Fashion—wtf<Ise body  1S
burning  from voluptuous  intemj?erance t0"
day, and freezing in  miserable  co"asPe to~
morrow—not  extravagantly  consum,nS  ,n
a  Day,  the  animal  spirits  which Nature
intended  for  the  animation of  a Wet?-*
but keeping the expense of the  machinery
of  Life within the income 'of  Health,—
which the  Constitution can  regularly and
comfortable supply.
  This  is the grand u arcanum duplicatum"
for " Living all the days of your Life."
  The art of invigorating the Health, and
improving the Strength of Man, has hitherto
only  been  considered  for the  purpose of
training* him for  Athletic Exercises—but I

  * The advantages of  the training system are  not
confined to pedestrians and pugilists alone—they ex- 
            AND  PROLONGING  LIFE.         3

have  often thought that a similar plan might
be   adopted  with  considerable  advantage,

tend to every man ; and were training generally intro-
duced instead of medicines, as an expedient for the
prevention and cure of diseases, its beneficial con-
sequences would promote his happiness and prolong his
life.  " Our Health, Vigour,  and Activity,  must
depend upon regimen and exercise ; or, in other words,
upon the observance of those rules which constitute
the theory of the training process."—Capt. Baiiclay
on  Training, p. 239.
  " It has been made a question, whether Training pro-
duces a lasting, or only  a temporary effect on the con-
stitution ? It is undeniable, that if a man be brought to
a better condition ;  if corpulency, and the impurities
of his body disappear; and if his wind and strength be
improved by any process whatever, his good state of
health will continue until  some  derangement of  his
frame  shall take place from  accidental  or natural
causes. If he  shall relapse  into  intemperance, or
neglect the means of preserving his health, either by
omitting to take the necessary exercise or by indulging
in debilitating propensities, he must expect such en-
croachments to  be made on his constitution, as must
soon unhinge his  system.  But if he shall  observe
                       2* 
4      THE  ART  OF  INVIGORATING

to animate  and strengthen  enfeebled  Con-
stitutions— prevent  gout — reduce  Corpu-
lency — cure Nervous   and Chronic Weak-
ness— Hypochrondiac  and   Bilious  Dis-
orders, &c___to increase the  enjoyment and
prolong the  duration  of Feeble  Life — for
which  Medicine* unassisted  by  Diet an-d
Regimen,—affords  but very  trifling  and
temporary help.
   The universal desire  of  repairing,  per-
fecting, and prolonging Life, has induced
many ingenious men to  try innumerable  ex-
periments on almost all the  products of the
Animal, Vegetable, and Mineral kingdoms,
with the hope  of discovering  Agents, that
will  not merely increase or  diminish  the
force or frequency  of the  Pulse ; but with
an ardour  as  romantic as the search after

different plan—the beneficial effects of the training
process will  remain until  the gradual decay of his
natural functions  shall, in mature old age, intimate the
approach of  his dissolution."—Capt.  Barclay  on
 Training, p.  240. 
AND PROLONGING LIFE.
5
the Philosopher's Stone, they  have  vainly
hoped, that Panaceas might  be found pos-
sessing   the power of curing " all the evils
that flesh is  heir to."
  This is evident enough to all who have
examined the  early Pharmacopoeias, which
are full of heterogeneous compounds, the in-
ventions of interested, and the  imaginations
of ignorant men.
  The liberal and enlightened Physicians of
the last and present century have gradually
expunged  most  of these,  and  made  the
science  of Medicine  sufficiently intelligible
to those whose  business it is to learn it—if
Medicine be entirely divested of its Mystery,
its  power  over the  Mind,  which in most
cases forms its  main strength, will no longer
exist.
   It was  a favourite remark  of the cele-
brated Dr. John Brown*, that u if a student
in Physic employed seven years  in storing

  * See the 338th aphorism in Couxton's Lacon.
1820.  5th Edition. 
 6     THE ART OF  INVIGORATING

 his memory with the accepted, but,—unfor-
 tunately, in nine cases out of ten,—imaginary
 powers of Medicine, he would, if he did not
 possess very  extraordinary sagacity, lose  a
 much  longer time in discovering the multi-
 form delusions his medical oracles had  im-
 posed  upon him—before he ascertains that,
 with the exception of Mercury for the Lues,—
 Bark  for Intermittents,—and  Sulphur  for
 Psora—the Materia Medica  does  not  fur-
nish many Specifics—and  may be almost
reduced  to  Evacuants  and  Stimuli :"—
 However, these, skilfully  administered, af-
ford all the assistance to  Nature,  that  can
be obtained from Art!
$ Let  not the  uninitiated  in medical Mys-
teries   imagine for  a  moment,   that  the
Editor desires  to  depreciate  their   Im-
portance — but observe  once for all — that
he  has  only  one  reason  for  writing this
Book—which  is,  to warn you against  the
ordinary  causes of  Disorder—and to teach
you the easiest and most  salutary method 
AND PROLONGING LIFE,
/
of preventing  or subduing  it, and  of  re-
covering and preserving Health and Strengthi
when, in spite of all your prudence, you are
overtaken by sickness,  and have no Medical
Friend ready to defend you.
   Experience has so long proved the actual
importance of  Training—that  Pugilists
will not williugly engage without  such pre-
paration.
   The principal rules for which are,—to  go
to Bed  early — to  Rise early — to take as
much Exercise as you  can  in the open air,
without   fatigue—to  Eat and Drink mo-
derately   of  plain nourishing  Food—and
especially,—to keep the Mind diverted,* and
in as easy and cheerful a state as possible.
  • " Besides his usual or regular Exercise, a person
under training ought to employ himself in the intervals,
in every kind of exertion which tends to activity, such
as cricket,  bowls, throwing quoits, Sec. that during the
whole day,  both body and  mind  may be  constantly
occupied."—Capt. Barclay ore Training, p. 231.
  " The nature of the disposition of the person training
should also be known, that every cause of irritation may 
1   8      THE ART OF INVIGORATING

     Somewhat  such  a system  is  followed
   at  the  fashionable   watering   places—and
   great would be the  improvement of Health
   that would result  from  it,—if it was  not
   continually counteracted,  by  visits to  the
   Ball Room*   and the Card Table.
     A  residence  in  the   Country will  avail
  little, if you carry with you there, the irre-
  gular habits, and late hours  of  fashionable
  Life.
    Do  not expect  much benefit from mere
  change of Air—the purest  breezes of the
  country will produce  very little effect, unless
  accompanied by plenty of regular Exercise \

  be avoided ; for, as it requires great patience and per-
  severance to undergo training, every expedient to
  •oothe and encourage the mind should be adopted."
  —Capt. Barclay ore Training, p. 237.
    • Forty years ago Balls, &c. used to begin in the
  Evening, i. e. at seven, and end at night, i. e. twelve ;
  now it  is extremely ungentee- to begin before Mid-
  night, or finish till the Morning.
    t" 1 he Studious, the Contemplative, the Valetu
  inary, and those of weak nerve»-if they aim at 
AND PROLONGING LIFE.        9
 •—Temperance— and, above all, Tranquillity
 of Mind.—See Obs. on " Air'* and *• Exer-
 cise."
   The  following is a brief  sketch  of the
 usual  Method  of   Training  Persons
 for  Athletic  Exercises.
   The  Alimentary  Canal*  is   cleansed by

 Health and Long Life,  must make Exercise in a good
• air, a part of their Religion."—Cheyne ore Long Life
 p. 98.
   "Whenever circumstances would permit,  I have
 recommended patients to take as much exercise as they
 could, short of producing fatigue ; to live much in the
 open air;  and, if possible, not to suffer their minds to
 be agitated by anxiety or fatigued by exertion."—p. 90.
   " I do not allow the state of the weather to be urged
 as an objection to the prosecution of measures so essen"
 tialto Health, since it is in the power of every one to
 protect themselves from cold by clothing, and the ex-
 ercise may be taken in a chamber with the windows
 thrown open, by actively walking backwards and for-
 wards, as sailors  do on  ship board."—p.  93.  See
 Abernetht's Surgical Observations. 1817.
  * One of the invariable consequences of training is
 to increase the solidity, and diminish  the frequency 
10     THE ART  OF INVIGORATING
an Emetic  and  then two  or three   Pur-
gatives.—See Index.
   They are directed to eat beef and Mutton*
— rather under,  than over  done, and with-
out  either  Seasoning   or  Sauce — Broils^
(No. 94),  are preferred to either  Roasts
(No. 19),  or Boils—and  stale   Bread  or
Biscuit.
   Neither Veal —  Lamb — Pork — Fish —
Milk — Butter —- Cheese — Puddings —
Pastry — or Vegetables, .are allowed.

of the alvine exoneration, and persons become costive
as they improve in condition :—if this disposition takes
place to an inconvenient degree,—See Peptic Precepts,
Index.
 , * " Animal Food  being composed of the most nu-
tritious parts of the food on which the animal lived,
and havingbeen already digested by the proper organs
of an animal—requires onlv solution and mixture—
whereas vegetable food must be converted into a sub
stance of an animal nature by the proper action of our
own viscera,  and consequently requires more labour
of the stomach, and other digestive organs."-Bc»TOH
on the Non-Naturals, p. 213. 
         AND PROLONGING  LIFE.      11

   Beef and  Mutton only  (fresh, not salted)
are ordered ;—but we believe this restriction
is seldom entirely submitted to.
   Nothing  tends more   to  renovate  the
Constitution,  than a temporary  retirement
to the Country.
  The necessity  of  breathing  a  pure Air,
and the strictest temperance, are uniformly
and absolutely insisted upon by all Trainers ;
—the striking advantages  resulting  there-
from, we have hear£ as universally acknow-
ledged by those  who have been trained.
   Mild Home-brewed Ale is recommended
for Drink — about  three  pints  per  day—
taken with Breakfast and  Dinner,  and  a
little at supper — not in large draughts — but
by  mouthfuls, alternately with your food.
  Stale Beer often disturbs  delicate Bowels
— if your Palate warns you that Malt Liquor
is inclined to be  hard,  neutralize it  with  a
little  Carbonate  of Potash ;— that  good
sound Beer,  which is neither nauseous from
its newness,  nor noxious  from its staleness,
                    3 
12     THE  ART OF INVIGORATING
 is in unison with  the  animating  diet of
Animal Food, which we are recommending
as the most  effective antidote  to  debility
&c.  experience has  sufficiently  proved.—
There can  be  no doubt, that the combina-
tion  of the  tonic  power of the  Hop, and
the nourishment of  the Malt, is much more
invigorating that any simple vinous spirit,—
but  the  difficulty  of  obtaining  it good,
ready brewed — and the trouble of Brewing
is so great — that happjn are those  who are
contented  with Good   Toast  and  Water
(No. 463*), as a diluent to solid  food—and
a few glasses of wine as  a finishing  " Bonne
Boucne."
 Those who do not like Beer — are allowed
Wine and Water—Red wine is preferred to
White, and  not more than half a  pint, (t. e.
eight ounces),  or four common sized  wine
glasses, after Dinner—none after Supper —
nor  any  Spirits, however diluted.
   Eight hours'  Sleep  are  necessary—bu
this  is generally left to the previous habits 
           AND PROLONGING  LIVE.       13

of the Person ; those who take active Exer-
cise, require adequate Rest.
   Breakfast* upon meat  at  eight o'clock

  • The following was the Food taken by Oapt. Bar-
clay in his most extraordinary walk of 1000 miles in
1000 successive hours, June 1, 1809.  " He Break-
fatted after returning from his walk, at five in the morn-
ing. He ate a roasted Fowl, and drank a pint of strong
Ale, and then took two cups of Tea with bread and
Butter.
  •* He Lunched at twelve; the one day on Beef Steaks'
and the other on Mutton Chops, of which he ate a
considerable quantity.
  " He dined at six,  either on Roast Beef or Mutton
Chops. His drink was Porter, and two or three glasses
of wine.
  " He Supped at eleven on a cold fowl.  He ate such
vegetables as  were in season;  and the quantity of
Animal food he took daily, was from five to six pounds."
—See Pedestrianism, p. 6.
  " His style of Walking is to bend forward the body,
and to throw its weight on the hates.  His step is
short, and his feet are raised only a few inches from
the ground.  Any person who will try this plan, will
find that his pace will be quickened, at the same timehe 
14     THE  ART OF  INVIGORATING
—Dinner at two—Supper is not advised,
but they may have a  little bit of cold meat
about  eight o'clock,  and take a walk  after,
between it and ten, when they go to bed.
   The Time requisite to screw a Man up to
his fullest Strength^ depends upon his pre-
vious hatics and Age.  In the Vigour  of
Life, between 20 and 35, a Month or two is
generally sufficient:—more or less, accord-
ing as  he is older, and his  previous Habits
have been in opposition to the  above system.
   By  this  mode of proceeding for two  or
three months—the Constitution of the human

will walk with more ease to himself, and be better able
to endure the fatigue of a long journey than by walking
in a posture perfectly erect, which throws too much of
the weight of the body on the ankle-joints. He always
uses thick-soled shoes, and lamb's wool stockings. It
is a good rule to Aift the stockings frequently during
the performance of a long distance; but it is indispen-
sably requisite to have shoes with thick soles, and so
large, that all  unnecessary pressure on the feet may
be avoided."—p. 208. 
         AND PROLONGING LIFE.      15

frame is greatly improved,  and the Courage
proportionably  increased,—a  person  who
was  breathless,  and  panting  on the  least
exertion—and had a  certain share of those
Nervous and Bilious complaints, which are
occasionally the  companions of all  who re-
side  in great Cities—becomes enabled to
run with ease and fleetness.
  The  Restorative   Process  having  pro-
ceeded  with  healthful   regularity—every
part  of the  Constitution  is  effectively  invi-
gorated — a  Man  feels  so  conscious  of
the actual  augmentation of all his powers,
both Bodily and Mental, that he will under-
take  with alacrity—a task which before  he
shrunk from encountering.
  The  clearness  of  the   complexion  is
considered the best criterion  of a Man's being
in good condition—to which   we  add the
appearance  of the Under-Lip—which  is
plump and  rosy, in proportion to the healthy
plethora of the constitution :—this is a much
more certain  symptom of vigorous Health
                 3* 
16     THE ART OF INVIGORATING

than any indication you  can form from the
appearance of the Tongue—or the  Pulse,
which is another very uncertain and deceiving
Index,—the strength and frequency of which,
not only varies in different persons, but in
the same  person in different circumstances
and positions ;—in some  Irritable Constitu-
tions the vibration of the Heart varies almost
as often  as it  Beats —  when we walk —
stand—sit — or lie  down—early  in the
morning —late in the evening— elated with
good news —depressed by bad, —&c. when
the Stomach is empty —  after taking food —
after a full meal of Nutritive food—after  a
spare one of Maigre materials.  Moreover, it
is impossible to ascertain the degree of de-
viation from  Health  by  feeling  a  Pulse—
unless we are well acquainted with the pecu-
liarity of it, when the patient is in Health.
   The Editor has now arrived at the most
difficult part of his work, and needs all the
assistance  that Training  can  give, to  excite
him to proceed with any  hope of developing 
AND PROLONGING  LIFE.       17
the subject with that  perspicuity and effect
— which  it deserves, and  he  desires  to
give it.
  The Food — Clothes — Fire — Air —Ex-
ercise — Sleep -— Wine — Es?c. which may
be  most   advisable  for  invigorating  the
Health of one inidvidual—may be  by no
means the best adapted  to produce a like
good effect with another;—at the time of
Life most people arrive at, before they think
about these things — they are often become
the slaves of habits which have  grown with
their growth,  and  strengthened  with their
strength—and  the  utmost that can be done
after our  40th year, is to  endeavour very
gradually to correct them.
  We caution  those  who are past the Me-
ridian* of Life — to  beware of  suddenly
abandoning established Customs, (especially
of diminishing the warmth of their Clothing,
or the nutritive quality of what they Eat

                * See Index. 
 18    THE ART OF INVIGORATING

 and Drink), which, by  long usage,  often
 become as indispensable, as a Mathematical
 Valetudinarian reckoned his Flannel Waist-
 coat was—" in  the  ratio that my  Body
 would be uncomfortable without my Skin —
 would  my Skin be, without  my Flannel
 Waistcoat."
   We recommend those who are in search
 of Health and Strength, to read  the remarks
 which are classed under the titles Wine,—
 Siesta, — Clothes, — " Air "— 4< Fir» "
 Sleep—Peptic Precepts, &c.
   With  the  greatest deference, we submit
 the following sketch, to be variously modified
 by  the  Medical adviser—according to  the
 season of the  Year—the Age—Constitu-
 tion—and previous habits  of  the Patient,—
 the purpose it is intended to accomplish—
 or the disorder it  is intended to prevent or
 cure.
  The first thing to  be done, is to put  the
 Principal Viscera into a condition to absorb
the pabulum  vita, we put into  the Stomach 
          AND PROLONGING  LIFE.       19

 —- as much depends  on  the state of  the
 Organs  of Digestion* as  on the quality of
 our Diet:—therefore commence with taking
 early in the morning,  fasting, about half an
 hour before  Breakfast, about two drams of
 Epsom Salts (z. e. as much as will move the
 Bowels  twice, not more,)  in half a pint of
 warm water.—See Index.
   The following  day,  go into a Tepid Bath,
 heated to about 95 degrees of Fahrenheit.
   The  Third day,  take another   dose of
 Salts—keeping to a light  diet of  Fish —
 Broths, &c. (Nos. 490, 563, 564, and 572).
During  the  next week, take the  Tonic
Tincture, as directed in (No  569).  See
Index.   Thus far — any person may proceed
without  any  difficulty,—and great benefit
will he derive therefrom, if he cannot pursue
the following part of the System :—

  * " According to the force of the Chylopoetic Or-
gans, a larger or less quantity of Chyle may  be ab-
stracted from the same quantity of Food."—Abbcth-
sot »n Aliment, p. 24. 
20    THE ART OF INVIGORATING

   Rise early—if  the  Weather  permits,
amuse yourself with Exercise in the  open
air for some time  before Breakfast—the
material  for which, I leave  entirely to the
previous  habit of the Individual.
  Such is  the  sensibility of the  Stomach,
when  recruited  by a  good night's  rest*
that of all alterations  in  Diet,  it will  be
most disappointed  at  any change of this
Meal— either of the time his taken— or of
the quantity, or quality of it — so  much so,
that the  functions of  a delicate Stomach
will be frequently deranged throughout the
whole Day after.
  The Breakfast I recommend, is Good
Milk Gruel (No. 572), see Index% or Beef Tea
(No. 563), see Index, or Portable Beef Tea
(No. 252) ; a pint of the latter may be made
for two-pence  halfpenny, as  easily as a
Basin of Gruel.
  The interval between Breakfast and Eleven
o'clock, is the best time for Intellectual busi-
ness — then Exercise again till about Twelve -» 
AND PROLONGING LIFE.      21
 when  probably the Appetite will be craving
 for  a  Luncheon, which may consist of a
 bit of roasted Poultry,—a  basin  of good
 Beef Tea, or Eggs poached, (No. 546), or
 boiled in  the  Shell,  (547), Fish  plainly
 dressed, (No. 144, or 145, &c.) or a Sand-
 wich (No. 504), — stale Bread —and half a
 pint of good  Home-brewed Beer--or Toast
 and Water, (No. 463*), — see Index, — with
 about  one-fourth or  one-third part of its
 measure of Wine, of which Port is preferred.
   The  solidity  of the  Luncheon  should
 be proportionate  to the time it is  intended
 to enable you to  wait  for your  Dinner, and
 the activity of the Exercise you take in  the
 mean-time.
  Take Exercise and  Amusement  as much
 as is convenient in the open  air again,  till
 past Four—then rest, and prepare for Din-
 ner  at Five—which should  be confined to
 One Dish, of roasted Beef  (No.  19), or
 Mutton (No. 23). five days in the  week —.
boiled meat one — and roasted Poultry one — 
22      THE ART OF  INVIGORATING

with a  portion of  sufficiently  boiled  ripe
Vegetables—mashed  Potatoes are preferred,
see (No. 106), and the other fourteen ways
of dressing this useful root.
  The same  restrictions  from other articles
of Food*, as we have already mentioned in
the plan  for  Training—i.  e. if the person
trained—has not arrived at that time of Life,
when habit has become so  strong—that to
deprive  him  of those accustomed   Indi-
gencies, &c. by which his health has hitherto
been  supported — would  be  as barbarous
—as  to take away  Crutches  from  the
Lame.

  * Nothing comes to perfection under a stated period
of growth ; and till it attains this, it will, of course,
afford inferior nutriment.  Beef and Mutton are much
easier of digestion, and more nutncious, than Veal or
Lamb.  If the flesh of Mutton and Lamb, Beef and
Veal, are compared, they will be found of a different
texture, the two young meats of a more stringy indivi-
sible nature than the others, which makes them harder
of digestion."—Domestic Management, l2mo. 1813.
p. I5i 
          AND PROLONGING LIFE.      23

   Drink at Dinner, a pint of home-brewed
 Beer, or Toast and Water (No, 463*), with
 one-third or  one-fourth  part Wine, and  a
 few glasses  of Wine  after — the less,  the
 better— but take  as much  as  custom  has
 made  necessary to  excite  that  degree of
 circulation in your  system, without which,
 you  are  uncomfortable.    Read  Obs. on
 « Wine."
   After Dinner sit quiet for a couple of
 hours—the Semi'Siesta is a pleasant position
 —i. e. the Feet on a stool about eight inch-
 es  high, — or if your Exercise has  fatigued
 you, lie  down,  and  indulge in  Horizontal
 Refreshment*:—this you may sometimes do
 with advantage  before Dinner, if you  have
taken more Exercise than usual, and you feel
tired :—when the   Body is fatigued,  the
Stomach)  by   sympathy,  will, in proportion,

  * " A 40 Winks Nap," in  an Horizontal posture,
is the most reviving preparative for any great exertion
of either the Mind or the Body ;—to which it  is as
properan Overture as it iszFinale.—See Siesta, Index.
                    4 
24     THE ART OF INVIGORATING

be  incapable   of doing  its  business  of
Digestion.
  At Seven, a little Tea, or warmed Milk,
with a very little Rum, a bit of Sugar, and a
little Nutmeg  in it—after  which,  Exercise
and Amusement again, if convenient in the
open air.
  For  Supper, a  Biscuit  or  a  Sand-
wich, (No. 504), or a bit of cold fowl, &c.
and a  glass of Beer,  or Wine, and Toast
and Water  (No. 463*),—and  occasionally
(No. 572), *. e. as light a supper as possi-
ble—the  sooner after   Ten you  retire to
rest, the better.
 , For those who Dine very late — the  best
Supper  is  Gruel  (No.  572), or a little
Bread and  Cheese, or  Pounded  Cheese,
(No.  542), and a glass of Beer—but if you
have had an early, or a  Ban Tan Dinner
— or Instinct suggests  that the exhaustion,
from extraordinary  exertion requires  more
restorative materials, — furnish your   Sto-
mach with a  Chop or a Chicken, &c. or 
          AND  PROLONGING LIFE.        25

 some of the  easy  digestible  and nutritive
 materials  referred #to  in  the Index under
 the   article  Food  for  Feeble Stomachs —
 and as much diffusible stimulus  as  will ani-
 mate  the Circulation,  and  ensure  the  in-
 fluence of " Nature's sweet restorer, Balmy
 Sleep," — the  soundness  of which, — de-
 pends entirely on  the  Stomach  being in
 good temper, and the Heart supporting the
 circulation  with  Salutary Vigour.   See the
 Art of Sleeping.—Index.
   For the  Diet  to  be confined to  Beef and
 Mutton, is  a  sufficient  abridgment  of the
amusements of the Mouth — it is a  bar-
 barous  mortification, to   insist on these
 being always  cooked the  same  way*,  and

  * " Few persons, even in the best health, can, with-
 out disgust, bear to be confined  to a peculiar food, or
way of living, for any length of time, (which is a strong
argument thav a variety of food is natural to mankind);
and if so,—the debilitated stomachs  of Valetudina-
rians cannot be expected to be less fastidious.—" Fai«
cosrza on Diet, p. 8. 
26    THE ART OF INVIGORATING

we  advise  an  occasional  indulgence  in
the whole range  of  plain  Cookery, from
(No.  1) to  (No. 98). '
  Broils  No. 94) are ordered in the  plan
for  Training, probably  because  the  most
convenient manner of obtaining the  desired
portion Hot,—(FoocL is then  most easy  of
Digestion — before the process of digestion
ean commence, it must take the temperature of
the Stomach—which, when in a languid state,
has no superfluous Heat to spare—r) but as
the  Lean part is  often  scorched and dried,
and the Fat  becomes  empyreumatic, from
being in  immediate contact with the  Fire
—a slice of well roasted Ribs  (No 20),—or
Sir Loin of Beef (No 19), or.  a Leg, Neck,
Loin or Saddle of Mutton (No, 23, or 26,
or 31),' must be infinitely more succulent
and nutritive—whether this be  rather over,
or under-done, the previous habits of the
Eater  must  determine—the  Medium  be-
tween over and under-dressing—\s in general
most Agreeable, and certainly  most  Whole-
some. 
          AND PROLONGING  LIFE.       27

   That Meat which is considerably under*
 done, contains more  nutriment than  that
 which  is  over-done,  is  true  enough ;—
 that which is not done at all, contains a great
 deal more—but, in the  ratio that it is Raw*,
 so  is it unfortunately difficult of digestion,
 as  Spallanzani (see Index) has proved by
 actual and satisfactory experiments.
   Our Food must be done—either by our
 Cook, — or by our Stomach, — before Diges-
 tion  can  take place—see 1st page of Obs.
 on  Siesta) ; surely  no man in  his senses,
 would willingly be  so wanting in considera-
 tion of the comfort, &c. of his Stomach, as to
 give it the  needless trouble of Cooking and
 Digesting also—and waste its valuable ener-
gies in work which a Spit or a Stewpan can
do better.
  Thoroughly dressed  Beef (No. 19), or
  • " Tt appears from my experiments, that boiled and
roasted, and even putrid meat, is easier of digestion
than raw.'\—See J. Huwtzb on the Animal Economy,
p. 220.
                     4# 
28     THE ART OF INVIGORATING

Mutton (No. 23),  is  incomparably the
most animating Food we can furnish our Sto-
machs with, and sound Home-brewed beer,
the most invigorating  Drink—It is indeed,
Gentle  Reader,  notwithstanding  a  foolish
fashion  has banished the  natural beverage
of Great Britain—as extremely ungenteel.—
 " Your Wine tippling, Dram sipping fellows retreat,
  But your Beer-drinking Briton can never be beat."

   The best Tests of the restorative qualities
of Food— are a small quantity of it satis-
fying Hunger,—the strength  of the  Pulse
after it,—and  the  length of Time which
elapses  before Appetite  returns  again :—
according to these  Rules, the Editor's own
experience gives a decided verdict in favour
of Roasted or  Broiled Beef (No. 19, or 94)
or Mutton (No. 26, or 23), as most nutritive,
—then  Game  and   Poultry, of which  the
meat is   Brown, (No.   59,  or 61, or 74),
next Veal and Lamb and  Poultry, of which
tlfe meat is White—the Fat kinds of Fish 
          AND PROLONGING LIFE.       29

 Eels—Salmon—Herrings,  &c.   and  least
 nutritive, the white kinds of Fish —such as
 Whiting, Cod, Soles, Haddocks, &c.  For
 further information, see Oysters,  (No. 181.)
   The celebrated Trainer, Sir Thomas Par-
 kyns, &c, " greatly preferred Beef-eaters
 — Sheep-biters,  as they  called  those  who
 ate Mutton."
   By Dr.  Stark's  very curious Experi-
 ments  on  Diet,  p.  110, it appears,  that
 "  when  he fed upon  Roasted Goose, he was
 much more vigorous both  in Body and Mind,
 than with any other food."
   That Fish is less nutritive than Flesh—
 the speedy return of Hunger after a dinner
of Fish is sufficient proof—when a Trainer
at  Newmarket* wishes to waste a Jockey—-he
is  not   allowed Pudding, if  Fish  can be
 had.

 •  " Newmarket affords abundant proofs, how much
may be done by training;  Jockies sometimes reduce
themselves a Stone and a half in a week."—Wadd on
 Corpulency, 8vo. 1816.—p. 35. 
30     THE  ART  OF  INVIGORATING

  Crabs,—Lobsters (No. 176), Prawns, &c.
unless thoroughly boiled, (which  those  sold
ready boiled seldom are),  are  tremendously
indigestible.
  Shell  Fish  have long held  a high  rank
in the  catalogue  of  easy  digestible  and
speedily  restorative  Foods : — of   these
Oysters  (No.  181),  certainly  deserve the
best  character;  but  we  think  that  they
as well as Eggs, — Gelatinous  Substances,
—Rich  Broths*, &c. have  acquired not  a
little  more  reputation  for  these  qualities
than they deserve.
  Oysters  are  often  cold  and uncom-
fortable  to  Dyspeptic  Stomachs — unless

  * " A Dog was fed on the Richest Broth, yet could
not be kept ahve ; while another, which had only the
Meat boiled to a Chip, (and water), throve very well.
This shows the folly of attempting to nourish Men by
concentrated Soups, Jellies &c."—Sinclair's Code of
Health.
  If this experiment be accurate—what becomes  of
the theoretic visions of those who have written about
strengthening Jellies, Nourishing Broths, &c.i 
         AND PROLONGING  LIFE.        31

warmed with a  certain quantity of Pepper
and good  White Wine.
   To recruit the Animal Spirits,  and pro-
duceStrength, there is nothing like Beef and
Mutton — moreover,  when  kept till pro-
perly tender, none  will give less trouble to
the Digestive organs—and  more substantial
excitement to the Constitution.
   The Editor has dined for some years prin-
cipally upon plainly roasted  or boiled Beef
and  Mutton, and has  often observed, that
if he changes  it  for any  other  Food  for
several  days  together—that  he  suffers a
diminution of strength, &c.  and is disposed
on such days to drink  an  additional Glass
of Wine,  &c.   See Index.
  However, the  fitness of  various  Foods,
and  Drinks — and  the quantity of Nu-
triment  which they  afford — depends very
much upon how  they are  prepared,  and
as much  on the  inclination  and abilities
of the concoctive faculties,  which have the
task of converting them into Chyle.
  It is quite as absurd,  to suppose, that one 
32    THE ART OF  INVIGORATING
kind of Diet, &c. is equally adapted to every
kind  of Constitution—as that one Remedy
will cure all Diseases.
   To produce the higest degree of  Health
and Strength—we must supply the Stomach
with not merely  that  material which  con-
tains the greatest quantity of Nourishment—
but in  making our reckoning,  must  take
into the account, the degree in which it is
adapted  to the habits and  powers of the
Organ which  is  to  digest it—the Arms of
a Giant are of little use in the  Hands of a
Dwarf.
   The Plan we have proposed, was calcu-
lated for Midsummer• day,—when plenty of
hard  Exercise  in  the  open Air will  soon
create an Appetite for the substantial  Diet
we have   recommended—it is  taken for
granted, that a Person has the  opportunity
of devoting a couple of months to the re-
establishment of his Health—and that during
that time,  he  will  be content  to consider
himself in  the  same  state  as any other
Animal out of condition—and  disposed to 
AND PROLONGING LIFE.      33
submit cheerfully to such  a modification of
the  rules  recommended,  as  his  Medical
Adviser may deem  most  convenient to  the
circumstances of the Case, and the Age, the
Constitution, and  previous  habits of  the
Patient, &c.  &c.
  Every part  of this system must  be  ob»
served in  proporiion —- and Exercise in-
creased  in the same degree,  that  Nou-
Rishmknt  is  introduced  to the Constitu-
tion.
   The best general rule for Diet that I  can
write,  is  to Eat and Drink  only of such
Foods — at such times, — and in such quan-
tities — as Experience has  convinced you,
agree with  your Constitution—and  abso-
lutely to avoid all other.
  A very  different Regimen  must be  ob-
served by those who live a Life with Labour
— or Exercise — or of Indolence, — and at
the different periods of Life.
   Human  life may  be divided into Three
Stages. 
 34    »THE ART OF  INVIGORATING

  The First, The period of Preparation from
 our birth, till about our 21st year, when the
 Body has  generally attained the acme of
 expansion :—till then, a  continual  and co-
 pious supply of Chyle is necessary, not only
 to  keep our machinery  in   repair, but to
 furnish material for the increase of it.
   The Second from 21  to  42,  The period
 of Active Usefulness ; during which, nothing
 more  is wanted, than to  restore  the  daily
 waste, occasioned by the actions of the Vital
 and animal Functions.
   The Third, The period of Decline : this
 comes on and proceeds with more or less
 celerity,  according to the original strength
 of the Constitution, and the  Economy* with
 which it has been managed during the second
 period. (Age is a relative term,—one man is
 as old at 40 as another  is  at 60): but after

  • " The excesses of our youth,  are drafts upon our
 old Age, payable with interest, about twenty yearg
 after   date."—Cowon's Lacon.  5th Edition, 182<5i
p. 51. 
         AND PROLONGING  LIFE.         35

42, the most vigorous become gradually more
passive*—and  after 63,  pretty nearly, quite
so.

  * The  Teeth are renewed at the 7th year.
    Puberty arrives at twice seven ...............  14
    Full  stature at three times  seven.............  21
    The  vigour of growth at four times seven  28
    The  greatest vigour of Body and Mind at
      five  times seven ................................... 35
    The  commencement of Decay  at six times
      seven ..................................................... 42
    General Decay, and decrease of energy, at
      seven times seven.................................. 43
    Old  Age at eight times seven................... 56
     And the grand climacteric  of the Ancients
      at  nine times seven ............................... 63
    Db. Jamksox  on the Changes of the Human  Bodyt
 p. 31. 
36
THE ART OF
INVIGORATING
101
SIR  WILLIAM  JONES'S ANDROMETEK,
-Ideas received through the Senses.
 ■Speaking, and Pronunciation.
--Letters, and Spelling-
-Ideas retained in the Memory.
-Heading and Repeating.
-•Grammar of his own Language.
 ■Memory exercised.
 Moral and Religious Lessons.
 •Natural History and  Experiments.
 Dancing, Music,  Drawing, Exercise.
 ■History of his own Country.
 -Latin.
-Greek.
-French and Italian.
- translations.
-Compositions in Verse and Prose.
-Rhetoric and Declamation.
-History and Law.
-Logic and Mathematics.
-Rhetorical Exercises.
-Philosophy and Politics.
 ■Compositions in his own Language.
 -Declamations continued.
 -Ancient Orators studied.
 -Travel and Conversation.
-Speeches at the Rar, or in Parliament.
-State Affairs.
-Historical Studies continued.
-Law and Eloquence.
-Public  Life.
-Private and Social Virtues.
 -Habits of Eloquence improved.
 'Philosophy resumed at leisure.
•-Orations published
 Exertions in  State and Parliament. 
AND  PROLONGING  LIFE.
37
"%-Civil Knowledge mature.
 J-Eloquence perfect.
"t—National Rights defended.
" E'-The Learned protected.
~'~The Virtuous assisted.
 "—Compositions published.
  -Science improved.
  —Parliamentary Affairs.
  -Laws enacted,  and  supported.
  --Fine Arts patronized.
  -Government of his Family.
  -Education of his Children.
  -Vigilance as a  Magistrate.
   Firmness as a  Patriot. ■
   Virtue as a Citizen.
   Historical Works.
  ^Oratorical Works.
  --Philosophical  Works.
  -Political Wirks.
    Mathematical Works.
Continuation of former Pursuits.
 -Fruits of /iis Labour enjoyed.
 A glorious Retirement.
.-An amiable Family.
 Universal Respect.
 Consciousness of a Virtuous Life.
}
-Preparation for ETERNITY.
Perfection of Earthly Happiness. 
 38    THE' ART OFIVIGORATINGO

   The most common cause of Dyspeptic Dis*
 orders, whiten' are so prevalent at  the com-
 mencement of the  Third Period of Life —
 is an increasing indolence, inducing us to
 diminish  the degree of the active exercise
 we have been^ in the habit of  taking^-with-
 out in a  corresponding  degree diminishing
 the quantity of  our food—on the contrary,
"people seem to expect  the stomach to grow
stronger and to work harder as it grows Older,
and „to almost entirely support the Circula-
 iton without the help of exercise.—
  >As the  activity of our existence—and the
accommodating  powers of the  stomach, &c.
diminish—in like  degree—must we lesson
file quantity—ah<$ be careful of the quality
of our food, eat oftener and less at a time—
or Indigestion—and the multitude of  Dis-
orders of ■'which7jf.it-is the fruitful  parent,
will soon  destroy ^as.
  The System of CoRnaro has been oftener
quoted, than understood—most people ima-
girie, it was one of rigid Abstinence and 
         AND PROLONGING LIFE.       39

comfortless   Self-denial—but  this was  not
the case :—his Code of Longevity consisted
in  steadily  obeying  the  suggestions of
Instinct—and Economising his Vitality, and
living under his income of Health,—carefully
regulating   his   temper—and  cultivating
cheerful habits.
  The following is a Compendium of
his plan—in his own words.
  He tells us th-.it when Fourscore
  " I am used to  take in all twelve ounces
of solid nourishment, such as Meat, and the
yolk of an Egg, &c. and  fourteen ounces of
drink :—I eat Bread, Soup, New-laid Eggs,
Veal,  Kid, Mutton, Partridge, Pullets, Pi-
geons, &c. and soi«£ Sea and River Fish.
  " I made choice of such wines and Meats
as agreed with my Constitution, and declined
all other diet—and proportioned the quantity
thereof to the strength  of my Stomach, and
abridged my  food—as my years increased.
  " Every one is the best judge of the food
which is most agreeable to his  own Stomach
                  5* 
40     THE ART OF  INVIGORATING
—it is next to impossible, to judge what is
best  for another ;—the Constitutions of men
are as different from each other  as their
complexions."—p. 36.
  " 1st.   Take care of the quality.
  " 2dly.  Of the quantity—so  as  to  eat
and drink nothing that offends the  Stomach,
nor any  more than you  can easily  digest:
your  experience ought to  be your guide  in
these  two principles when  you  arrive  at
Forty : by that time you ought to know that
you are in the midst of your life j thanks  to
the goodness of your Constitution which has
carried you so far ; but  that when you  are
arrived at this period, you go down the hill
apace—and it is necessary for you to change
your course of life, especially with regard to
the  quantity and quality of  your  diet—
because it is on that, the health and length,
of our days do,radically depend.   Lastly ; if
the  former  part   of  our  lives  has been
altogether sensual—the  latter  ought  to  be
rational and regular; order being necessary 
AND PROLONGING LIFE.       41
for the preservation of all things, especially
the life  of man.—-Longevity  cannot be  at-
tained without continence and sobriety*."

    " At thirty Man suspects himself a Fool,
    Knows it at forty, and reforms his plan."

   By the  small quantity of Food, and great
proportion  of his  Meat to his Drink,  this
noble  Venetian, at the  age of forty, freed
himself,  by the^dvice of his Physicians, from
several grievous disorders contracted by  in-
temperance, and lived in health of body, and
great cheerfulness of mind, to above an hun-
dred.—Briefly,  the secret of his Longevity
seems to have  been, a gradually increasing
Temperance " in omnibus"—and probably,
after a certain time of Life, abstinence from
the t{ opus  magnum."

  * " Cornaro found that as the powers of his stomach
decliBed with the powers of Life in general, that it
wp s necessary that he should diminish the quantity of
his food ;  and by so doing, he retained to the last the
feelings of Health."—Abebnetht's Surg. Obs. p.  71. 
42     THE ART OF  INV*IGORATING

  The source of physical and moral Health
Happiness, and Longevity.—

" Reason's whole pleasure, all the Joys of Sense
  Lie in three words, Health, peace, and competence.
  But Health consists in temperance alone ;
  And Peace, oh Virtue ! Peace is all thy own."
                                     Pope.
  Intensive Life,  can  only be purchased  at
the price of Extensive.
  If you force the  Heart to*gallop as  fast
during the second  as it does during the  first
stage of life—and make the steady fire of 42,
to blaze as brightly  as  the flame of 21,—it
will very soon be burnt out.
  Those who cannot be content to  submit to
that diminution of action ordained by nature,
against which there is  no appeal,—as it  is
the  absolute covenant, by the most attentive
and implicit observance of which we can on-
ly hope to hold our lease of life comfortably,
—will  soon bring to the diminished energy
of the Second Stage of Life—the  Paralysis
of the Third. 
AND PROLONGING LIFE.       43
   From  40 to 60, a witty French  author
 tells us, is  " La belle saison* pour la Gour-
 mandise ;"—for the artificial pleasures of the
 Palate, it  may  be,  and  the  Bon   Vivant
 cultivates them as  the means of prolonging
 the^ vigour of Youth—and procrastinating
 the  approach of  Age.
   Restoration may certainly be considerably
 facilitated  by. preparing  and  dressing food
 so  as  to render  it  easily  soluble—if  the
 secret of Rejuvenization be ever discovered,
 it will be found in the Kitchen.
   Very soon  after  we pass the Meridian of
 Life, (which  according to  those who train
men for athletic exercises, and to  Dr.  Jame-
son,! is our 28th, and  to Dr. Cheyne,  about

  * And  for  Culinary  Operators from 25   to  40.
Before the former, they can hardly  accumulate suffi-
cient experience ; and after the latter, they every day
lose a portion of their " bon gout* and activity.
  f See  his sensible Essay on the  changes of the
Human Body at different Ages.  8vo.  1811.—p. 89 
44     THE ART OF  INVIGORATING

our 35th year,) the elasticity of the Animal
System    imperceptibly   diminishes, — our
Senses  become  less  susceptible,  and  are
every hour getting the worse for wear, how-
ever  Self-Love,  assisted  by  your  Hair-
dresser, and Tailor,  &c. may endeavour to
persuade you to the contrary.
  Digestion and  Sleep are less  perfect—the
restorative  process more  and* more fails to
keep  pace with the consuming process—the
body is  insufficiently repaired,  more easily
deranged, and with  more  difficulty brought
into adjustment  again ;  till at length the
vital power being diminished, and the organs
deteriorated,—Nourishment  can neither be
received, nor prepared and diffused through
the constitution—and Consumption  so much
exceeds Renovation, that decay rapidly closes
the scene of Life.
   One  may form  some Idea of the Self-con-
sumption of the human  body,  by reflecting
that the pulsation of the Heart,  and the mo- 
AND PROLONGING LIFE.       45
tion of the blood connected with it, takes place
100,000  times every day i. e. on an average
the pulse* beats  70 times in a minute,
   multiplied by  60 minutes hi an hour,

                4-200
                  24 hours in a day,

               16800  n.
               8400

              108000 pulsations in a day.

  * " The Pulse in the new born Infant, while placidly
sleeping is about  ------  .140 in a minute.
  Towards the end of the first Year   124
  Towards the end of the second Year 110
  Towards the end  of the third and
    fourth years......-96
  When the first teeth drop out -  -  86
  At Puberty........80
  At Manhood........75
  At  Sixty, about......60"
                  Blumenbach'sPhysiology, p.  40.
  The expectations  of Life are thus calculated by De
Moivre—Subtract the age of the person from 86, half
the remainder will be the expectation of that Life. 
 46    THE ART OF INVIGORATING

 What Machine,  of the  most  adamantine
 material, will  not  soon  be the  worse  for
 wear,  from such  incessant vibration—espe-
 cially if  the  Mainsprings  of it are not pre-
 served in a state of  due regulation.
   The generative  faculties, which are  the
 last that  Nature  finishes — are the #first
 that fail.—Economy  in the exercise of them
 —especially  before  £nd after  the   second
 period of Life—is the grand precept for  the
 restoration and accumulation  of Strength,
 the  preservation of  Health,  and  the pro-
 longation of Life ;—.we are vigorous in pro-
 portion to the perfection of the performance
 of the Restorative process,  i. e. as we Eat
heartily  and sleep  soundly—as  our Body
loses the power of renovating  itself, in  like
ratio, fails its faculty of creating—what mav
be a salutary subdue tion of the  superfluous
health  of  the  Second—during   the Third
period of life,  will be a destructive  sacrifice
of the  strength of both  the Mind and  the
Body—See also the 9th chapter of the First
 Edition of Willich on Diet. 8vo.   1799. 
AND PROLONGING LIFE.      47,
   The next organical  defect, (we  perceive
 too  plainly for our  self-love  to mistake it,)
 is  manifested" by  the Eye.*  To  read a
 small print—you must  remove it  from  the
 Eye further than you have been accustomed
 to do—and place it in a better light.
   The Falsetto Voice now begins  to fail,
 and th»e  Ear loses some of its quickness—
 several extraordinary  Musicians have been
 able till then,  if a handful of the keys of a
 Harpsichord were put down so as to produce
 the  most irrelative  combinations—to name
 each half note  without a mistake.—When I
 mentioned this to   that  excellent  Organ
 Player, Mr. Charles Wesley,  he said, " At
 the age of twenty,  I could do it myself—but
 I can't now."   He  was  then in-  his 55th
year.
  About  the  same time, the  Palate  is  no
longer contented  with being employed as a

  * Seethe history of a case of spectacles, &c. in page
61 of Dr.  Kitchiner's  Practical   Observations on
 Telescopes,  Opera Glasses, fcfc—-Third Edition.
                   6 
48     THE ART  OF INVIGORATING
mere shovel to the Stomach,—and as it finds
its master becomes every day more difficult
to  please—learns to be a  more  watchful
Purveyor.
   After 40—the strongest  people begin  to
talk about being Bilious or Nervous, &c. &c.
and the stomach will no longer do its duty
properly—unless the food  offered to it  is
perfectly agreeable to  it—when  offended,
Indigestion brings with it, all that melancholy
depression  of the  Animal Spirits,  which
disables a  Man from  either thinking with
precision or acting with  vigour—during the
distressing  suspension of the restorative pro-
cess— arise all  those  miseries of  Mind and
Body,  which drives Fools to get drunk, and
make  Madmen commit  suicide :—without
due attention to Diet, &c, the Third period
of  Life is  little   better  than a Chronic
Disease.
  As our  assimilating powers become en-
feebled, we  must  endeavour  to   entertain
them with  a food  so prepared,  as to give 
          AND PROLONGING  LIFE.       49

them  the least  trouble,,and the most nou-
rishment.*
  In the proportion that our Food is restora-
tive  and properly digested—our bodies  are
preserved   in  Health  and Strength—and
all   our  faculties  continue  vigorous and
perfect
  If it is unwholesome, ill-prepared, and in-
digestible—the  Body languishes, and  is ex-
hausted even in  its youth-—its  strength and
faculties daily decrease, and it sinks beneath
the weight of the painful sensations attend-
ant on a state of Decay.
  Would to Heaven that a  Cook could help
our stomachs, as  much as  an  Optician can
our   eyes :  our  existence would be . as
much   more   perfect   than    it  now   is,
as  our   sight  is   superior to our  other
Senses.
  * " In proportion the powers of the Stomach are
weak, so ought we to diminish the quantity of our food
and take care that it be as nutrative,  and as easy of
digestion as possible."—Abkrnethy's Surgical Obser-
vations, p. 67, 
50   THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

  ." The vigour of. the mind decays with
that  of the Body—and not only  Humour
and Invention, but even Judgment and Reso-
lution,  change and languish, with ill con-
stitution of  Body,  and  of  health." — Sir
William  Temple.
  The following account of  the successful
REDUCTION  OF  CORPULENCE  AND  IM-
PROVEMENT  of  health,  the Editor can
vouch   for  being a faithful  statement  of
Facts.
                         i>0 January, 1821.
MY DEAR SIR,
  In   consequence  of  the   conversation I
had  with you,  upon  the   advantages  I
had derived from  Exercise and attention to
Diet in the reduction  of Weight, and your
desire  that I should communicate as far as I
recollect them, the  particulars of my case j
I have great  pleasure in  forwarding to you
the following statement.
  I measure in height six Feet and  half
an  Inch, — possess a sound constitution
and  considerable activity,—At  the age of 
TO  REDUCE
CORPULENCE.
51
 Thirty I weighed about 18 Stone—two years
 afterwards I had reached the great weight of
 nineteen  Stone,  in perfect Health, always
 sleeping well and  enjoying good Appetite
 and "Spirits—soon  after,  however, I began
 to  experience  the  tftual attendants on full-
 ness  of Habit, a disinclination to rise in the
 morning from drowsiness, a heaviness about
 the Forehead after I had risen,  and a dispo-
 sition  to  Giddiness ;—1 was also  attacked
 by a complaint in one of my Eyes, the Symp-
 toms of which  it is unnecessary  to describe,
 but it proved to be  occasioned by fullness of
blood,  as it was  removed by  cupping  in
 the temple.  I lost four, ounces of blood from
 the  temple; and thinking that  the loss of
 a little  more might be  advantageous, I had
eight ounces taken from the back ;  and in
order to prevent the necessity, as far as pos-
sible, of future bleeding, I resolved to reduce
the system—by increasing my Exercise and
diminishing my Diet.
  I therefore took  an early opportunity  of
seeing  Mr.  Jackson, (whose respectability
                   6* 
52  THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

and skill as a  teacher of  sparring  is uni.
versally acknowledged,)   and  after  some
Conversation with  him,   determined upon
acting under  his Advice.
  I accordingly commenced Sparring, having
provided myself with flannel Dresses,  which
I always used,  being  extremely careful on
changing them to avoid the risk of cold, and
I recollect  no instance in which I  was not
successful.
  I also had recourse  to Riding Schools,
riding  without stirrups, so  as  to  have the
advantage of. the most powerful exercise the
Horse   could  give ;—these  exercises  I took
in the morning in the*proportion probaby of
sparring twice a  week, and  riding three or
four times.
  Frequently at night I resumed  my Exer
cise,—Walking  and  sometimes  Running,
generally  performing about five  miles an
hour, till  I  again  produced perspiration;
every other  Opportunity I could resort  to
of bodily  exercise I also  availed myself of.
   In respect to diet, I had accustomed myself 
TO REDUCE CORPULENCE.       S3
to Suppers and  drinking  excellent  Table
Beer in large quantities, and for probably ten
Years, had indulged myself with Brandy and
Water  after supper :—this  practice I en-
tirely discontinued,  substituting  Toast and
Water with my  Dinner, Tea and a good
allowance of Toast for Supper, always avoid-
ing copious Draughts.
   I  left off drinking malt Liquor as a habit,
and indeed, very seldom drank it at all.—I
took somewhat  less meat at Dinner, avoiding
Pies and Puddings as much as possible, but
always took  three  or  four  Glasses of Port
after dinner.
   During the time I was under this training
I took the opinion of an eminent Physician
upon the subject,  who entirely  approved
of my plan, and recommended the occasional
use  of  Aperient  medicine,   but which I
seldom resorted to.
   The  result  of all this, was a  reduction
of my weight  of upwards of three Stone,
or about Forty-five Pouuds, in about six or 
54  THE  ART OF  INVIGORATING LIFE.

seven months — I  found  my  activity  very
much increased, and my wind excellent, but,
I  think,  my Strength not quite so great,
though I did not  experience  any material
Reduction  of   it: my Health was  perfect
throughout.
  I then relaxed my System a little, and have
up to the present time, being a period of ten
Years, avoided  the necessity of bleeding, and
have enjoyed an  almost uninterrupted con-
tinuance of good Health, although my Weight
has gradually increased; sometimes, however,
fluctuating between 7 or  8  Pounds and  a
Stone, according to my  means of Exercise,
— always increasing in Winter, and losing in
Summer;—and at this moment (January
29th, 1821,) I am about a Stone more than I
ought to  be,   having  ascertained,  that  my
best bodily Strength,  is at   sixteen  Stone
and a half.
   When the object is to deduce Weight, rest
 and moderate  Food will always sufficiently
 restore the exhaustion arising from Exercise; 
        TO  REDUCE CORPULENCE.       55

 — if an  additional quantity of  Food and
 nourishing Liquors be resorted to, the Body
 will in general be  restored to the weight it  .
 was before the Exercise.                    .
   I have sometimes  lost from ten ounces to
 a Pound in weight by an Hour's sparring.
 If the object be not to reduce the weight, the
 Food may safely be proportioned to the Ex-
 ercise.
   You will  readily perceive,  that the plan
 I adopted,  ought only  to  be resorted to by
 Persons of sound  Constitution and of athle-
 tic bodily  Frame, — it would  be absurd to
 lay  down a general rule for  the adoption of
 all fat men.
   I think,  with  all lusty men, the  drink-
 ing  of malt Liquor of  any  kind   is in-
jurious—Meat   taken  more  than  once
 a day  is  liable to  the  same  Objection.
 I still persevere in the  disuse of malt Liquors
 and  Spirits,  and  Suppers,  seldom  taking
 more  than  four  Glasses of Wine as a
 habit,  although  I do  not   now deem  it 
56  THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

necessary to  make  myself so  far the Slave
of habit, as  to refuse the  Pleasures of the
Table when they offer.
      I am, dear Sir,
              Yours very truly,
  The following  are  the most interesting
Facts in Dr. Bryan Robinson's Essay on the
Food and Discharges of the Human Body,
8vo. 1748, which has become scarce.
  " I am now, in May 174*7, in the 68th year  .
of my age.   The length of my Body  is 63
Inches : I am of  a sanguine but not robust
constitution — and  am at  present neither
lean nor fat.   In the year  1721 the  Morning
weight of my body  without Clothes was
about  131  Avoirdupois  pounds, the daily
weight of my food at  a medium was  about
85 Avoirdupois ounces, and the proportion
of my Drink to my Meat,  I judge was at that
time about 2. 5 —to 1.
  " At the latter end of May 1744, my weight 
TO  REDUCE CORPULENCE.      57
 was above 164 pounds, and the proportion of
 my Drink to my  Meat was considerably
 greater  than before, and  had  been so for
 some  time.  I was then seized with a  Pa-
 ralytic  disorder, which obliged me to make
 an alteration in  my diet.   In order to settle
 the proportion of my Drink to my  Meat
 I considered what others have said concern-
 ing this proportion.
   " According  to  Sanctorious, though  he
 reckons it  a disproportion, the drink to the
 meat  in his rime,  was  about 10 to 3  in
 temperate bodies.
  Cornabo's drink to his Meat, was as . . . - 7 to 6.
  Mr. Rte's, in winter, as...........4 to 3.
  Dt. Lining's, at a medium.........11 too.
  And  my drink to my meat..........5 to 2-
  A mean taken from all these makes the
    Drink to the Meat—about ......... 2 to 1.
     B.  Robinson on Food and Discharges, p. 34.

  " At  the  age  of 64, lessening my  food,
an incresing the proportion of my  meat to
my drink,  i e. by lessening my  drink about 
58  THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

a third  part {i. e.  to  20 ounces)  and my
meat about a sixth,( i. e. 38 ounces) of what
they were  in 1721, I have freed myself for
these two years past  from the return   of  a
Sore  throat  and Diarrhxa,—Disorders  I
often had, though they were  but slight, and
never confined me.  j have been much more
costive than I was before, when I lived more
fully,  and  took more  Exercise, and  have
greatly, for my age,  recovered the paralytic
weakness I was seized with three years ago.
  " Hence we gather, that goqd and constant
Health  consists in  a just quantity of  food ;
and  a just proportion  of the meat to the
drink : and that to be freed  from chronical
disorders contracted by  Intemperance  —the
quantity of food ought to be  lessened ;  and
the proportion of the meat  to the drink in-
creased — more or  less, according to  the
greatness of the disorders, p.  61.
  " I commonly ate four ounces of Bread
and Butter, and drank half a pound of a very
weak  infusion of Green Tea for Breakfast 
TO REDUCE  CORPULENCE.        59
 For Dinner I  took  two  ounces of Bread, *
 and the  rest  Flesh-meat,—Beef,  Mutton,
 Pork, Veal, Hare, Rabbit, Goose, Turkey,
 Fowl tame and wild, and Fish.  I generally
 chose  the strongest meats  as fittest,  since
 they^greed well with  my stomach, to  keep
 up'the power of my body under this  great
 diminution of my food ; I seldom took any
 Garden Stuff-—finding that it commonly les-
 sened perspiration and increased my weight.
 —I drank  four  ounces of water  with my
 meat and a pound of Claret after I had done
 eating.   At night I ate nothing, but drank 12
 ounces of water with a pipe of Tobacco, p. 63.
   u There is but one Weight, under which a
 grown body can enjoy the. best and most un-
 interrupted  Health, p.  91.   That weight is
such as enables  the Heart to supply the se-
 veral parts of the body with just quantities
of Blood, p. 100.
   The weight under which an Animal has the
greatest strength and activity—which 1  shall
call its Athletic weight,~\s that weight under
                   7 
60  THE ART OF  INVIGORATING LIFE.

which  the Heart—and the proportion of the
weight of the Heart to the weight of the body
are greatest  : the strength of the Muscles is
measured by the strength of the Heart, p. 117.
  " If the weight  of the body of an Animal
be greater than its Athletic Weight, it. may
be reduced  to  that  weight by evacuations,
dry  food and  exercise.  These  lessen  the
weight of the  Body, by wasting its fat, and
lessening  its   liver ;   and  they  increase
the weight of the  Heart, by increasing  the
quantity and motion of the  blood.  Thus a
game Cock in ten days is reduced to his ath-
letic  weight, and prepared for fighting.
  " If the Food, which with Evacuations and
Exercise,  reduced the Cock to his  athletic
weight in ten days, be continued any longer,
the Cock will not  have  that  strength and
activity which  he had before under his ath-
letic weight ; which may be owing to  the
loss of  weighc going on  after he arrives at
his athletic  weight.
   '« It is known by experiment, that a  Cock 
TO REDUCE CORPULENCY.
61
 cannot stand above 24  hours at his athletic
 weight, and that a Cock has changed very
 much for the worse in 12 hours.
   " When a Cock is at the top of his condi-
 tion, that is, when he is at his athletic weight,
 his Head is of a glowing red colour, his Neck
 thick, and his Thigh thick and firm ;—the
 day after his complexion is less "glowing, his
 Neck  thinner, and his Thigh softer ;__and
 the third day his Thigh will be very soft and
 flaccid, p. 119.
   ** If the  increase  of  weight in a  small
 compass   of time, rise  to above  a certain
 quantity, it will cause disorders.
   " I can bear an increase of above a pound
 and  a  half in one day,  and an  increase  of
 three or  four pounds in six or seven  days,
without being disordered : but think I should
suffer from an increase of five or six pounds
in that time.
   "  An  increase of weight may be  carried
off by lessening the Food,—or by increasing
the  Discharges.—The  discharges may be 
62  THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

increased either by exercise,  or  by  evacua-
tions procured by art.
  " By  lessening the daily quantity  of my
food to  23  ounces, I have  lost 26 ounces ;
—by fasting a  whole  day,  I lost  48  ounces*
having gained 27 the day before.
  " Mr. Rye was a strong, well set, corpulent
man,  of a sanguine complexion ; by a brisk
walk for one hour before breakfast he  threw
off, by insensible perspiration, one pound of
increased weight ; by a walk of three hours,
he threw off two pounds of increased weight.
The best way to take  off  an  increase of
 weight  which threatens a distemper,  is either
by fasting or exercise,  p. 84.
   " The mean  loss of weight  by several
grown bodies  caused by a purging medicine
composed  of a drachm of Jalap  and ten
grains of Calomel, was about 2| Avoirdupois
pounds j and the  mean  quantity of  Liquor,
 drank during the time of Purging, was about
 double  the loss of Weight. — Robinson on
the Animal Economy, p. 458. 
         TO REDUCE CORPULENCE.     63

  " I have lost, by a spontaneous Diarrhoea,
two pounds in twenty-four hours;  and Mr.
Rye  lost  twice that quantity in  the same
time."—On the food and Discharges  of Hu-
man Bodies, by B. Robinson, p. 84.
  "■ Most Chronic Diseases—arise  from too
much Food and too little Exercise,—both of
which lessen  the  weight  of the  heart and
the quantity of Blood;—the first by causing
fatness;  the  second by a  diminution of the
blood's motion.
  " Hence, when  the  liver is grown too
large by Intemperance and Inactivity, it may
be lessened and brought to a healthful mag-
nitude by  Temperance  and Exercise.—It
may  be  emptied  other ways  by  art;  but
nothing  can  prevent its  filling again, and
consequently  secure   good  and  constant
Health — but an  exact Diet and Exercise.
Purging  and  vomiting  may  lessen  the
Liver, and reduce it to its  just magnitude ;
—but  these  evacuations   cannot prevent
its increasing again so long as persons live
                   7* 
 64  THEr ART OF  INVIGORATINC LIFE.

 too fully,  and use  too little exercise—and
 can  only be  done by lessening the Food
 and  increasing the Exercise."
   "  Much "sleep, much food, and  little ex-
 ercise, are  the principal things which make
 animals grow fat.  If  the Body, on  account
 of Age or other Infirmities cannot use suffi-
 cient Exercise, and takes  much  the same
 quantity of Sleep, its weight  must be  les-
 sened by lessening the Food, which  may be
 done by lessening the Drink, without making
 any.change in the Meat; as I have  proved
myself by experience." — p. 90.
  On this subject, see  also— Dr. Stark on
Diet, and  Sanctorius' Medicina  Statica.
Dr. Heming on Corpulency. — Mr. Wadd
on Corpulency---Dr. Arbuthnot  on Ali.
ment. 
SLEEP.
65
SLEEP.
    " When tii-ed witli vain rotations 01 me uay,
     Sleep winds us up for th.e succeeding dawn."
                                   Young.

   Health  may be as much injured by in-
terrupted and insufficient Sleep, as  by luxu-
rious indulgence.
   Valetudinarians who  regularly  retire  to
rest, and arise at certain hours, are unable,
without injurious  violence to their  feelings
—to resist the inclination to do so.

  " Pliant Nature more or less demands
   As Custom  forms her ; and all sudden change
   She hates, of Habit even from bad to good.
   If faults in Life—or new emergencies
   From Habits* urge you by long time confirm'd,
   Slow must the change arrive, and stage  by stage,
   Slow as the stealing progress of the year."
           Armstrong's  Art  of Preserving Health.

  * " Nothing is a greater Enemy to feeble life, than
laving aside old habits  or leaving a climate, or place, 
66  the art  of invigorating life.

  How important  it is,  then, to cultivate
good  and convenient Habits :—Custom  will
soon  render the  most rigid rules, not only
easy,  but agreeable.—

" The  Strong, by bad habits, grow weaker, we know,
 And by good ones, the Weak will grow stronger also.'

  The  Debilitated  require much  more  rest
than the Robust: —nothing is so restorative
to the nerves, as  sound, and uninterrupted
Sleep, which  is  the chief source  of both
$pdily and  Mental  Strength.
  The Studious need a full  portion of Sleep,
which seems to be as necessary nutriment to
the Brain, as  food is to the Stomach.
  Our  Strength  and Spirits are  infinitely
more  exhausted  by the  exercise  of  our

to which one has been long accustomed: the irritation
occasioned by such changes is highly prejudicial.
  " Even pernicious habits, insalubrious air, &c.  must
be abandoned with great caution—or we shall thereby
hasten the end of our Patient,"—Struve's Astheno-
*!?*» P- 398. 
SLEEP.
67
 Mental, than by the labour of our Corporeal
 faculties—let any person  try the  effect of
 Intense Application for a  few hours—He
 will soon find how much his Body is fa-
 tigued thereby, although He has not stirred
 from the Chair He sat on.
  Those who are  candidates for  Health-
 must be as  circumspect in the task they set
 their mind,  as in the exercise  they  give to
 their Body.
  Dr.  Armstrong,  the Poet  of  Health,
 observes,

    " 'Tis the great Art of Life to manage well
      The restless mind."

  The grand secret seems to be, to contrive
that the exercise of the Body, and  that of
the  Mind, may serve  as relaxations to each
other.
  Over Exertion, or Anxiety of Mind, dis-
 turbs Digestion infinitely  more than  any
 fatigue  of  Body — the  Brain  demands  a
much more  abundant  supply  of the Animal 
 68 THE ART OF  INVIGORATING LIFE.

 Spirits, than is  required  for the excitement
 of mere Legs and Arms.

  " 'Tis the Sword that wears out the Scabbard."

   Of the two ways of fertilizing the  Brain
 •—by  Sleep, or by Spirituous Stimulus—
 (for some write  best in the Morning, others
 when wound up with Wine, after Dinner or
 Supper :) the former is  much less expensive
 — and less injurious to the constitution than
 either Port, or Brandy, whose aid it is said
 that some of our best authors have been in-
 debted to,  for their most  brilliant produc-
 tions.
   Calling one day on  a literary friend, we
 found him reclining on a Sofa — on express-
 ing our concern to find him indisposed, he
 said, " No,  I was only hatching,— I have
been writing till  I  was  quite  tired—my
paper must  go to  Press to day—so I was
taking  my   usual   restorative—A  Nap —
which  if it  only lasts  five minutes, so  re- 
SLEEP.                69
freshes  my  Mind —that  my  Pen goes to
work again spontaneously."
  Is it  not better  Economy of Time, to  go
to sleep for half an hour, than to go on nood-
ling all day in a nerveless and semi-superan-
nuated state — if not asleep, certainly not ef-
fectively  Awake — for any purpose  requir-
ing the Energy of either  the  Body or  the
Mind.
  " A Forty Winks Nap" in  an horizontal
posture, is the  best preparative for any  ex-
traordinary exertion of either.
  Those who possess, and employ the powers
of the Mind most—seldom attain the great-
est   Age* :—see Brunaud de  VHygiene
des  Gens  de Leltres, Paris,   8vo.  1819 :—

  * " Those who have lived longest, have been persons
without either Avarice or Ambition, enjoying that tran-
quillity of Soul, which is the source  of the happiness
and health of our early days—and strangers to those
torments of mind which usually accompany more ad-
vanced years,  and by wn*ich the Body is wasted and
consumed."— Code of Health,  vol. i.  p. 60—63, &c. 
  70  THE ART  OF  INVIGORATING LIFE.

  the  Envy  their Talent  excites, — the  Dis-
  appointment  they often  meet with in their

    " In the return made by Dr. Robertson, (and pub-
  lished by Sir John Sinclair, in the 164th page of the
  second volume of the Appendix to his Code of Health)
  from  Greenwich  Hospital,  of  2410 In-Pensioners,
  ninety-six—i. e. about one-twenty-fifth are beyond
  eighty—thirteen beyond ninety—and one beyond one
  hundred.  They almost all used Tobacco—and  most
  of them acknowledged the habit of Drinking freely.
  Some of them had no teeth for twenty years—and
  ourteen only had  good ones—one who was one hun-
 dred and thirteen years old, had lost all his Teeth up-
 wards of thirty years.
   The organ of Vision was impaired in about one-half
 —that of Hearing  in only one-fifth : this may be ac-
 counted for—the Eye is a more delicate organ than
 the Ear— and the least deterioration of  its action is
 more immediately observed.- Of the ninety.six almost
 all had been married, and  four of them after eighty
 year* of age—only nine were  Batch elors—this  is a
 strong argument in favour of  Matrimony.
   " The Best Ages for Mairiage, all other circum-
 stances being favourable, are  between the eighteenth
 and twenty-fifth year for Ftmales, and between the
twenty-fifth and thirty-sjxth for Males.   The Body is 
SLEEP.
71
expectations of receiving the  utmost atten-
tion and  respect, (which the world has sel-
dom the  gratitude  to  pay them  while  they
live,) keep them in a perpetual state of irrita-
tion and disquiet — which frets them prema-
turely to their Grave*.
   To rest a whole Day — under great fatigue
of either Body or  Mind, is occasionally ex-
tremely beneficial — it is impossible to regu-
late Sleep  by  the hour ; — when the  Mind
and the Body have received all the  refresh-
ment which  Sleep can give, people cannot

then in the most complete state to propagate a healthy
Offspring—the ages when the prolific powers begin
to cease in both sexes will nearly correspond—and the
probable expectation of Life will be sufficiently  o £,
for parents to provide for their children."—James jn
on the Human Body, p. 336.
  * " Regular and sufficient Sleep, serves on the one
hand, for repairing the lost powers, and on the  other,
for lessening consumption, by lessening vital activity.
Hence the lives  of people who are exposed to the
most debilitating fatigue,  are prolonged to a conside-
rable age,  when they enjoy sleep in its fullest extent."
—Strut e's Asthenology, 8vo. 1801, p. 199.
                        8 
  72  THE ART OF INVIGORATING  LIFE.

  lie  in  Bed, and till  then,  they should  not
  Rise*.
     " Preach not me your musty rules
       Ye Drones, that mould in idle cell j
     The Heart is wiser than the Schools,
       The senses always reason well."
                                      CoMtrs.
    Our  Philosophical  Poet  here gives  the
 best practical maxim en the subject for Vale-
 tudinarians— who, by following  his advice,
 may render their Existence, instead of a dull
 unvaried round of joyless, useless self denial,
 — a circle of agreeable sensation ; — for in-
 stance, go not to your Bed till You are tired
 of sitting up — then remain in an Horizontal
 posture, — till  You long  to change  it  for a
 Vertical: —thus, by a little management, the
 inevitable  business of Life may be converted
 into a source  of continual Enjoyment.

  * " It is a perfect barbarism to awake any one, when
 Sleep, that " balm of hurt minds," is exerting its Be-
nign influence,  and  the worn body is receivin  its
most cheering restorative."—hints for the preservation
of Health, 12mo. 
SLEEP.
73
   All-healing Sleep  soon  neutralizes  the
 corrodi  g caustic of Care—and  blunts even
 the  barbed   arrows  of the marble-hearted
 Fiend,  Ingratitude.
   When  the  Pulse is  almost paralysed  by
 Anxiety,—half an hour's repose, will cheer
 the  circulation, restore  tranquillity  to the
 perturbed spirit—and dissipate  those heavy
 clouds of Ennui, which sometimes threaten to
 eclipse the brightest Minds, and best Hearts.
 —Child of Wo, lay thy Head  on thy pillow,
 (instead of  thy  Mouth to  the  bottle,^ and
 bless me for  directing Thee to the true source
 of Lethe—and most sovereign Nepenthe for
 the sorrows  of Human Lite.
   The  Time requisite to restore the waste
occasioned   by  the  action of the  Da\ —
depends on the activity  of the  habits, aad
on the  health of  the Individual,—in general
it  cannot  be less than seven—and need not
be more than Nine hours.*
  * *n high health seven or eight hours will complete
 his refreshment, and hence arises t.u- false inference
drawn from an observation brobably just, tha long 
 74    THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

    Invalids  will  derive  much  benefit  from
 indulging in the  Siesta  whenever they feel
 languid.
    A  Sailor will tell you, that a seaman can
 sleep  as much in five  hours, as a Landsman
 can in ten.
   Whether  rising very early lengthens Life
 we know  not,—but  think  that  sitting  up
 very  late shortens  it,—and  recommend you
 to  rise by eight, and retire to rest by eleven j
 your   feelings  will  bear  out  the  adage>
 that c»  one Hour's  rest before midnight,  is
 worth two after."
   When  Old  People have been examined
 with a view to ascertatn the causes of their

 lived persons are always early risers : not that early
 rising makes them long-lived,  but that people in the
 highest vigour of Health are naturally  early risers—
 because they sleep more soundly,  and all that repose
 can do for them, is done in less time, than with those
 who sleep less soundly. A disposition to lie in Bed
 beyond the usual hour,  generally  arises  from  some
 deiangement of the  Digestive Organs.—Hints Jor the
Preservation of Health, p. 32. 
SLEEP.
75
 Longevity, they  have uniformly  apreed in
 one  thing only,—that they all went to Bed
 early, and rose early.
     " Early to bed, and early to rise,
      ^*ill make you healthy, wealthy, and wise. "

   Dr.   Franklin  published  an   ingenious
 Essay  on  the  advantage  of early risinjr —
 He called it "  an Economical  Pmject," and
 calculated, that  the saving that  might be
 made in the City of Paris, by using Sun-
 shine  instead  of Candles — at  no less than
 £ 4.000,000 Sterling.
   If the Delicate, and the  nervous, the very
 Young,  or the  very Old — sit up  beyond
 their  usual hour,  they feel  the  want of
 artificial aid, to raise their spirits  to what
 is no more than  the ordinary pitch  of those
 who are in  the  vigour of their  Life — and
must fly  from  the festive  board — or pur-
chase a few hours  of Hilarity at the  heavy
price of Head-Ach a^d Dvspepsia \>x  m iny
days  after ; and a terrible  exasperation  of
                8* 
76 THE ART OF  INVIGORATING LIFE.

any  Chronic  Complaint  they are afflicted
with.
   When the  Body  and Mind  are  both
craving  repose — to force  their action, by
the spur of spirituous stimulus, is  the most
extravagant waste  of the "Vis Vit^e, " that
Fashion ever invented to consume her foolish
Votaries — for fools  they certainly  are, who
mortgage the comfort of a week, for  the
convtviality of an Hour — with the  certainty
of their term  of  Life being speedily  fore-
closed by Gout, Palsy, &c.      :•"'
   Among  the most  distressing  miseries of
this •' Elysium of Bricks  and Mortar," may
be  reckoned  how   rarely  we enjoy1 the
sweets of a Slumber unbroke."
   Sound passes  through the   thin Farty
Walls  of modern  Houses, (which of the
first rate, at the Fire Place, are  only four
inches in thickness;) with  most unfortunate
facility;  this is really an  evil  of the first
m gutude, —if  You are so unlucky as to
have for next door neighbours — fashionable 
SLEEP.
77
folks who turn night into day, or such as
delight  in the sublime Economy of Cinder-
saving or Cobweb catching, —it is in vain to
seek repose, before the  former has indulged
in the  Evening's recreation of raking  out
the Fire,  and has  played with  the  Poker
till it has made  all the red  coals black ; or,
after Molidusta, the  Tidy One, has  awoke
the Morn—with  " the  Broom, the   bonny,
bonny Broom."
   A determined  Dusthunteror Cindersaver,
murders its neighbour's sleep — with as little
mercy,  as  Macbeth did Malcolm's — and
bangs doors, and rattles Window shutters,
till the " Earth trembles, and Air is aghast!"
   Ail attempts to conciliate a  Savage who
is in  this fancy — will  be labour in  vain —
the arrangement  of its fire* is equally the
occupation of the morning,  and the amuse-
ment of the evening ; the preservation of a
Cinder  and the  destruction of a Cobweb,
are the  main business  of its existence : —
   * The best Fire-feeder is a pair of Steak-Tong$. 
 78  THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

 the best advice  we  can  give  you,   gentle
 Reader — is  to  send  it  this little  Book —
 and   beseech it  to  place the  following
 pages opposite to  its  Optic  nerves some
 morning — after  you have diverted it from
 Sleep every half  hour during the  preceding
 Nigh i*.
   Counsellor  Scribblefast,   a  Special
 Pleader, who lived on a ground-floor in the
 Temple —about the  time that Sergeant Pon-
 der  who dwelt on the first floor, retired to
 rest, began to practise his  Violoncello, uAnd       1
 his laud voice  in Thunder spoke."—The Stu-
 dent above — by way of giving  him a  gentle        <
 hint, struck up " Gently strike  the Warbling
 Lyre," and Will. Harmony's favourite Horn-
 pipes of " Dont 2V' and Pray be  §>uiet:"
 however the dolce and pianissimo of poor Pon-

  * The method taken to tame unruly Colts, &c. is to        I
walk them about the whole  of the  night previous to
attempting to break them :—want of  Sleep  speedily
•ubf'ues the spirit of the wildest, and  the strength of
the strongest creatures, and renders  savage animals
tame and tractable. 
•     SLEEP.
79
 der produced no diminution of the prestis-
 simo and fortissimo  of the  indefatigable
 Scribblfast,
   Ponder, prayed " silence in the Court,"
 and complained in most pathetic terms — but,
 alas ! his " loxvly suit  and plaintive ditty"
 made  not  the least impression on him who
 was beneath him. — He at length procured a
 set of Skettles, and as soon as his musical
 neighbour had done fiddling, he  began con-
 strepito, and bowled  away  merrily till the
 morning dawned.—The enraged  Musician
 did  not wait  long after daylight  to put in
 his plea against such  proceedings, and re-
 ceived in reply,  that such excercise had  been
 ordered  by  a  Physician,  as the  properest
 Paregoric, after being disturbed by the  tho-
rough  Bass of the Big Fiddle  Below — this
soon convinced the tormentor of  Catgut,
 who dwelt on the  Ground-Floor,  that  He
could not annoy his superior with  Impunity,
and produced silence on both sides.
  People are  very  unwisely  inconsiderate 
80   THE ART OF  INVIGORATING LIFE.

how much it is their own interest to attend
to the comforts of their Neighbours,  for
which we have a divine  command " to love
our neighbour as ourself."   «' Sic utere tuo,
ut alienum non tatdas" is the maxim of  our
English law.   Interrupting  one's Sleep is as
prejudicial to Health, as any of the nuisances
BUckstone enumerates as actionable.
  The majority of the Dogs, — Parrots, —
Piano-Fortes, &c.  in  this  Metropolis, are
Actionable Nuisances !  ! I
  However inferior in rank and fortune, &c.
your next door neighbour  may  be—there
are moments  when He may render you the
most valuable service. — '< A Lion owed his
lite to the exertions of a Mouse."
  Those who have not the power to please —
should have the discretion not  to offend  ;__
the most humble may have opportunities to
return a  Kindness,  or resent an Insult.
  It is madness to  wantonly annoy any one.
  There is plenty of Time for the performance
of all offensively noisy operations,  between 
SLEEP.
81
 10 in the Morning and 10 at Night — during
 which  the  industrious  Housemaid   may
 indulge her  Arms in their  full swing —
 and  while she  polishes  her black-leaded
 grate to the lustre which is so lovely in  the
 eyes of " the Tidy" the Tat-Too her brush
 strikes  up against its sides may be performed
 without distressing  the irritable tars of her
 Nervous Neighbours — to whom undisturbed
 Repose  is  the most Vital Nourishment.
   Little Sweep Soot Ho is another dreadful
 disturber.—The  shrill  screaming  of these
 poor boys, " making night hideous,"  (indeed
 at any  time)  at  five or six o'clock  in  cold
 dark weather, is a most barbarous custom,
 and frequently disturbs a whole street before
 they rouse the drowsy sluggard who  sent for
him — his Row dy Dow when  he reaches the
top of the Chimney, and his progress down
again, awaken  the soundest   sleepers, who
often wish, that, instead  of the  Chimney,
— he was smiting the skull of  the Barbarian
who set  the poor Child  to work at such an
unseasonable hour. 
82   THE  ART  OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

  The Editor's feelings  are trembling'alive
on this subject.
           " Finis coronat opus."
However  soundly he has  slept during the
early part of the night— if the finishing Nap
in the morning  is interrupted from continuing
to its natural termination — his whole System
is shook  by it,  and all  that sleep has before
done for him, is undone in an instant;— he
gets up distracted and languid, and the only
part of his head that is of any use to him,
is the whole between his Nose and Chin.
  The firm  Health of those who live in the
Country,  arises not merely from breathing a
purer  Air, —  but  from quiet and regular
habits, especially the enjoyment of plenty  of
undisturbed Repose, — this enables them  to
take Exercise, which gives them an Appetite,
and  by taking their food at less distant and
more equally divided intervals — they receive
a more regular  supply of that salutary nou-
rishment,  which is necessary  to restore the
wear of  the system,  and  support it in an
uniform stats of excitement—equally exempt 
SLEEP.
83
 from  the languor of inanition, and  the fever
 of repletion.
   Thus, the Animal Functions are performed
 with a perfection  and  regularity,  the tran-
 quillity of which, in the incessantly irregular
 habits of  a Town-life, is continually inter-
 rupted,— some  ridiculous  Anxiety or other
 consumes the Animal Spirits, and the  im-
 portant process  of Restoration is imperfectly
 performed.
   Dyspeptic and Nervous disorders,  and an
 inferior  degree  of  both extensive and  in-
 tensive Life # are the inevitable consequence,
 and are the lowest price for ( what are called)
 the  Pleasures of Fashionable  Society.
   Dr. Cadogan has  told  us (very truly)  that
 Chronic diseases, (and we may add, most of
those  equivocal  Disorders,  which are con-

  * In Vienna, Berlin, Paris, and London, the twentieth
or twenty-third  person dies  annually; while, in thj
Country around them, the proportion  is  only one in
thirty or forty ;  in remote country villages, from on^
in forty to one in fifty—the smallest degree of human
mortality on record is one in sixty.
                       9 
84  THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

tinually teasing people, but are  too insigni-
ficant to induce them to institute a medical
process to remove them,) are  caused by In-
dolence — Intemperance— and Vexation.
  It is the fashion to refer all these Disorders
to  Debility — but Debility  is no more than
the effect  of  Indolence,  Intemperance, and
Vexation — the  two first are under our own
immediate control— and  Temperance, In-
dustry, and Activity, are the  best  remedies
to prevent or remove the  Debility  which
reduces our means of resisting the third.
  During the Summer of Life* i. e. the sec-
ond period of it, (see page 34,) while we hope
that every  thing may come right, the. Heart
bounds with vigour, and the Vital  flame burns

  •  " When warm with  Hope, in Life's aspiring morn
    The Tints of Fancy every scene adorn,
    The glowing landscape charms the poet's view,
    And Youth believes the fairy prospect true.
    But soon, Experience proves his eye betray'd,
    And all the picture darkens into shade."
                                 FlTZGERALB-
Beautifully  Set to Music by Shield,
    and printed in his  Cento, 
SLEEP.
85
too brightly to be much, or long subdued by
vexation.
   This  originally  least  cause,   soon be-
comes the greatest, and  in the Autumn  of
our  existence, when  Experience  has  dissi-
pated the theatric illusion with which  Hope
varnished the expectations of our earlier days
we begin  to  fear  that  every thing will go
wrong.
           "The  Whips and scorns of Time,
  The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely'
  The pangs of despis'd Love, the Law's delay,
  The insolence of office, and the spurns
  That patient merit of the unworthy takes."
The insatiable ruling passions  of the second
and third periods of Life, — Ambition and
Avarice, — the   loss of  our  first and best
friends,  our parents, — regret for the past,
and  anxiety about the  future,  prevent the
enjoyment of  the  present, — and  are the
cause of those Nervous and Bilious Disorders
which attack most of us  at the commence-
ment of the  third  period  of  Life—-these
precursors of Palsy and Gout, may generally 
 86   THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

 be traced to Disappointment and Anxiety of
 mind *; and
   People need not groan about the  Insanities
 and Absurdities of others — it is surely quite

   * " Above all, — it  is of essential  importance to
 Health, to preserve the tranquillity of the mind, — and
 not to sink under the disappointments of life, to which
 all, but particularly the old, are frequently exposed.
 Nothing ought to disturb the mind of an individual who
 is conscious of having done all the good in hisjpower."
 — Sinclair's Code of Health, p.  459.
   " Nothing hurts more the nervous System, and par-
 ticularly the concoctive powers,  than fear, grief, or
 anxiety. " — Whytt on Aerves,  p. 349.
  " I shall add to my list, as the eighth deadly sin, that
 of Anxiety of Mind ; and resolve not to be pining and
 miserable, when I ought to be grateful and happy."—
 Sir Thomas Barnard, Bt. on  the Comforts of Old
 Age, p. 135.
  " Anguish of mind has driven thousands to suicide ;
 anguish of body. none.
  " This proves that the health of the Mind is of far
 more consequence to  our happiness than the health of
the Body; both are deserving of much more attention
 than either of them receive."— Coiton's Lacoti.1820.
 p. 240. 
SLEEP.
87
 sufficient to suffer for our own, of which most
 of us have plenty — we ought to endeavour
 to convert those  of others,  into causes of
 comfort  and  consolation, instead of fretting
 about them — if you receive rudeness in re-
 turn for civility — and ingratitude for kind-
 ness,  it may  move your  Pity — but  should
 never excite  your Anger — instead of mur-
 muring at Heaven for  having created such
 Crazy Creatures !  be fervently thankful that
 you are  not  equally  inconsistent and ridi-
 culous— and  Pray, that  your own  Mind,
 may not be afflicted with the like aberrations.
   Indigestion*, is the chief cause of perturbed
 Sleep, and often excites the imaginary pre-
 sence  of  that  troublesome  Bedfellow  the
 Nightmare. On this subject see Peptic Pre-
 cepts (Index.)
   Some cannot Sleep if  they eat any Supper
 — and  certainly the lighter this meal  is,
 the  better—Others, need not  put on their
  * " Sleep is sound—sweet—and refreshing, accord-
ing as the alimentary organs are easy, quiet, and clean"
— Cheyne on Long Life, p. 79.
                    9* 
88  THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

Night cap, if they  do not first  bribe their
Stomachs  to good  behaviour by a certain
quantity of Bread and Cheese and Beer, &c.
Sec, and go to Bed almost immediately after.
  As to the wholesomeness of a Solid Supper,
per se, we  do not think it advisable, — but
habit  may  have  made it indispensable, and
we  know it  is often  the  most comfortable
Meal among the middle  ranks  of Society,
who have as large a share  of Health as any.
  We caution Bad  Sleepers to  beware how
they indulge  in the  habit  of exciting  sleep,
by taking any of the  preparations of Opium
— they  are all injurious to  the Stomach —
and often inconvenient in their effects upon
the Bowels: —
  " Repose by small fatigue is earned, and
Weariness  can snore  upon  the  flint, when
nesty Sloth, finds a down pillow hard."
  As there can be no good Digestion with-
out diligent Mastication, — so there  can  be
no sound Sleep without sufficient Exercise.
  The most inoffensive and agreeable Anodyne
is to drink some good White Wine, or Mulled 
sleep.
89
 Wine, by way of a supplement to your Night
 cap.—One glass, taken when in Bed, imme-
 diately before lying down, is as effective as
 two or three if you sit up any time after. —
 (See Tewahdiddle, No. 467.)
   Many people, if awoke during their first
 sleep, are unsettled all that night — and  un-
 comfortable and nervous the following day.
 — The first sleep of those who eat Suppers,
 commonly terminates when  the food passes
 from the Stomach. — Invalids then awake,
 and sometimes remain  so,  in a  Feverish
 state, — the  Stomach feeling  discontented
 from being  unoccupied,  and having nothing
 to play  with:—a small crust of Bread, or
 a  bit of  Biscuit well chewed,  accompanied
 or  not,  as  Experience  and  Instinct  will
 suggest, with a few mouthsful of Mutton or
 Beef Broth  (No. 564), or Toast and Water
 (No. 463*), or single  Grog*, (z.  e.  one
 Brandy-to nine  Waters), will  often restore
  * " The Grog on board a ship is generally one Spirit
 and three waters—this is too strong.—See the Hon.
John Cochbane's Seaman's Guide, 8vo. 1797, p. 37 
90  THE ART OF  INVIGORATING LIFE.

its tranquillity, and catch Sleep again, which
nothing invites so irresistibly, as introducing
something to the Stomach,— that will enter-
tain it, without fatiguing it.
  We have heard persons say they have been
much distressed by an intemperate craving
for Food when they awoke out of their first
sleep, and  have  not  got  to  sleep soundly
again after — and risen in  the  morning  as
tired  as when they went to bed at night —
but without  any appetite  for  Breakfast —
such will derive great benefit from the fore-
going Advice,
  A Broth  (No.  564), or  Gruel  (No. 572)
Supper, is perhaps the best for the Dyspeptic
— and those who have eaten and drank plen-
tifully at Dinner.
  The  Bed  Room should be in the quietest
situation possible, as it were " The Temple of
Silence," — and, if possible, not less than  16
feet square — the height of this Apartment, in
which we pass almost half of our  Time, is in
modern houses absurdly abridged, to increase
that of  the Drawing Room, which is often 
SLEEP.
91
not occupied once in a month : — instead of
living  in  the pleasant part of the House,
where they might enjoy Light and Air, how
often we find people squeezing themselves
into " a nice snug Parlour," where  Apollo
cannot spy.
  We  do not recommend either Curtains or
Tester, &c. to the  Bed, especially during the
Summer ; —by the help of these, those  who
might have  the benefit of the free circulation
of air in a  large  Room,  very  ingeniously
contrive to  reduce it to a small  closet : —
Chimney-Boards and  Window-Curtains are
also inadmissable in a Bed Room ; but vale-
tudinarians who are  easily awoke, or  very
susceptible  of cold, will do wisely to avail
themselves of well made Double* Windows
and  Doors,  these exclude both Noise and
Cold in a very considerable degree.
   The best  Bed is a well  stuffed and  well
curled Horsehair Mattress, six inches thick at

  * If they are not extremely well made, by a superior
workman — and of seasoned Wood, — they are  of
little or no use. 
92  THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

the Head, gradually diminishing to three at
Feet, on  this  another  Mattress  five or  six
inches in thickness : these should be unpicked
and exposed to the air, once every Year.  An
elastic  Horsehair mattress, is incomparably
the most pleasant, as well as the most whole-
some Bed.
  Bed Rooms should be thoroughly ventilated
by leaving both the  Window and  the  Door
open every  day when  the weather is  not
cold or damp — during which the Bed should
remain unmade, and the Clothes be taken off
and spread  out for an  hour, at least, before
the Bed is made again.
  In  very Hot  Weather,  the  temperature
becomes  considerably  cooler every minute
after ten  o'clock — between eight  o'clock
and twelve,  the  Thermometer often falls in
Sultry weather — from ten to  twenty degrees
— and those who can sit up till twelve o'clock
will have the advantage of sleeping in  an
Atmosphere many degrees cooler, than those
who go to bed at ten : —  this is extremely
important to Nervous Invalids — who how- 
SLEEP.
93
 ever extremely they may suffer from heat,
 we cannot advise to sleep with the smallest
 part of the window open during the night —
 in such sultry days, the Siesta (see page 94,)
 will not onlyJbe  a great support against the
 heat, but wurhelp You to sit up to enjoy the
 advantage  above stated.
   A Fire  in  the  Bed Room, is  sometimes
 indispensable — but not as usually made —.
 it is commonly lighted only  just before bed-
 time,  and prevents Sleep  by the noise it
 makes, and  the  unaccustomed  stimulus of
 its light.
   Chimneys  frequently smoke when a fire is
 first lighted, particularly in snowy and frosty
 weather: and  an Invalid has to encounter
not only the damp and cold of the Room —
but has his Lungs irritated with the sulphu-
reous puffs from the fresh lighted Fire.
   A Fire should  be lighted about three or
four hours before, and so  managed  that it
may burn  entirely out half an hour before
you  go to Bed— then the air of the room
will be comfortably warmed — and certainly 
94  THE ART  OF INVIGORATING  LIFE.
more fit to receive an  Invalid who has been
sitting all day in a parlour as hot as an Oven
— than  a damp  chamber, that is as cold as
a Well.
        --------------^
          THE  SIESTA.
  The Power of Position and Temperature
to alleviate the paroxysms of  many Chronic
Disorders, has not received the consideration
it deserves — a little attention to the variation
of the Pulse, will soon point out the effect
they produce on the Circulation, &c. —ex-
tremes of Heat and Cold,  with respect to
Food,  Drink,  and Air,  are  equally to be
guarded against.
  Old and Cold Stomachs — The Gouty —
and those whose Digestive  Faculties  are
Feeble — should never have anything Cold*

  * «' Cold Drink is an enemy to Concoction, and the
parent of  Crudities.* — Essay on Warm Beer, 8vo.
p. 15. 
the siesta*             95
 or Old, put into  them — especially in Cold
 Weather.
   Food must take the temperature of our
 Stomach,  (which is probably not less than
 120,) before Digestion can commence.
   When  the  Stomach is feeble, Cold Food
 frequently produces  Flatulence — Palpita-
 tion of the  Heart, &c. — and all  the other
 troublesome accompaniments of Indigestion.
 — The immediate  remedy for these is  Hot
 Brandy  and  Water,  and  the  horizontal
 Posture.
   Dyspeptic Invalids  will find  75 a g«od
 temperature for their drink at  Dinner, and
 120 for Tea, &c.
   Persons who  are in  a state of Debility
from Age, — or other causes, —  will derive
much benefit from lying down,  and seeking
Repose whenever they feel  fatigued, espe-
cially during (the first half-hour at least of)
the business of Digestion — and will receive
almost as much  refreshment from half an
hour's Sleep as from Half a Pint  of Wine.

                   10 
96  THE ART OF  INVIGORATING  LIFE.

  The  Restorative  influence of the recum-
bent Posture, cannot be conceived—the in-
creased energy  it gives to the  circuit in,
and to the organs  of Digestion,  can only be
understood  by those Invalids who have ex-
perienced the comforts of it.
  The S'esta is not only advisable, but indis-
pensable to  those  whose occupations oblige
them to keep late  hours.
  Actors especially, whose profession is, of
all others, the most fatiguing — and requires
both the Mind  and the Body to be  in  the
most  intense exertion between  10  and 12
o'clock  at night,— should  avail  themselves
of the Siesta—which is the true source of
Energy — half an hour's repose in the hori-
zontal  posture, is  a most beneficial Resto-
rative.
  Good Beef Tea*, (No. 563), with a little

  * To make Bxef Tea. — Cut a pound of lean gravy
Meat into thin slices, — put it into a quart and half a
pint of cold water, set  it over a gentle fire where it will
become gradually warm — when the scum rises catch 
THE SIESTA.
97
 bit  of  slightly  toasted Bread  taken  about
 nine o'clock — is a comforting  restorative,
 which   will support You through exertions
 that, without such assistance, are exhausting
 — and  you  go  to bed  fatigued — get up
 fevered, &c.
   When Performers feel Nervous, &c. — and
 fear the circulation is below  Par, -- and too
 languid to afford the due  excitement, half an
 hour before they  sing, &c. — they  will do
 wisely,  to wind  up  their  system, with  a
 little "  Balsamum  Vita." — See **  Peptic

 it, cover the saucepan close, and let it continue boiling
 for about two hours. —Skim the fat off, strain it through
 a sieve or napkin, skim it again — let it stand ten min-
 utes  to settle, and then pour off the clear Tea.
  To make half a pint of Beef Tea in five minutes for
 three halfpence, see [No.  252], — and to make good
 Mutton Broth for nothing,  [No. 490], of the third Edi-
 tion of the " Couk's  Oracle."
  N.  B. An Onion, and a few grains of  Black Pepper
 are sometimes  added. If the meat is boiled till it is
thoroughly tender, mince it, and pound it as directed
in [No. 503] of the Cook's Oracle,  and you may have
a dish of Potted Beef {ox the trouble of making it. 
98  THE ART OF  INVIGORATING LIFE.

Precepts." — Or tune their throats to the
pitch of healthy vibration with a  small glass
of Johnson's* 4< White Curacoa, " see (No.
474)  and  Index, a glass of Wine, or other
stimulus.—
  To " Wet your Whistle," is occasionally,
as absolutely  necessary,  as " to  rosin  the
Bow of a  Violin." — See " Observations on
Vocal Music,"  prefixed to  the  Opera  of
Ivanhse.
  Actors  and Singers, are   continually
assailed by a  variety of circumstances  ex-
tremely unfavourable to Health — especially
from sitting up late at night — to counteract
which, we recommend the Siesta, and plenty*
of Exercise in a pure Air.
  When they feel Nervous — Bilious, he. i. e*
that  their  whole System is so deranged by
fatigue and  anxiety,  that  they  cannot pro-
ceed effectively and comfortably, —they must
give  their Throats two or three day's rest__

  * Brandy and Liqutur Merchant, No. 2, Colonnade,
Pall Mall. 
                 THE SIESTA.          99

 cleanse  the Alimentary   Canal  with  peri-
 staltic Persuaders — see Index — and corro-
 borate the Organs of Digestion with the Tonic
 Tincture (No. 569), see Index.
   Strong Peppermint  Lozenges,  made
 by Smith, Fell Street, Wood Street, Cheap-
 side, are very convenient portable Carmina-
 tives : — as soon as they are dissolved, their
 influence is felt  from the  beginning to the
 end of the Alimentary Canal —they  dissipate
 Flatulence  so immediately  that  they  well
 deserve the  name of  Vegetable Ether; and
 are recommended to  Singers and  Public
 Speakers — as  giving effective excitement
 to the Organs of Voice — as a support against
 the distressing effects of Fasting too long —
 and  to give energy  to the  Stomach between
 Meals.
   The Power  of  the   Voice  depends
 upon the vigorous  state  of the  circulation
 supplying the   Organs  of  Voice,   with
energy  to  execute  the   intentions  of the
Singer or  Speaker — without  which — the 
100  THE  ART OF  INVIGORATING  LIFE.

most accurate Ear and  experienced Throat,
will sometimes fail in  producing  the exact
quality and quantity of Tone they intend.
  That the Voice is sometimes too Flat, or
too  Sharp, &c.  is not a matter of astonish-
ment — to those  who really understand how
arduous a task  Singers have sometimes to
perform ; — it would only be wonderful if it
was not — how is the throat exempted from
those  collapses  which  occasionally render
imperfect the action of every other fibre and
function of our Body ?
  The Dyspeptic,  who Tries the  effect of
Recumbency  after. Eating, — will  soon  be
convinced that  Tristram Shandy was  right
enough  when he said, that*'both pain, and
pleasure, are best supported in an horizontal
posture."
  "If  after Dinner the Poppies of reple-
tion shed their influence on  thy  Eyelids —
indulge  thou  kind  Nature's  hint."—" A
quiet  slumber in a comfortable warm room,
favoureth the operation of  Digestion—and 
THE  siesta.
101
thou shalt rise refreshed,  and ready for the
amusements of the Evening."
   The Semi-Siesta  is a pleasant position —
(i. e. putting up  the feet on  a stool  about
eight inches  high ; ) but  catching a nap in
A Chair is  advisable only as a substitute
when the Horizontal posture is  not conve-
nient — when you can,  lie down on a Sofa,
loosen all ligatures — and  give your  bowels
fair  play.
   These opinions, — which are the results of
Personal experience — are exactly in unison
with those of the  folloyving  Medical Pro-
fessors.
   "  From Eating comes Sleep — from Sleep
Digestion.''-Sanctorious, Sec. iv. Aph. 59.
   "  Perhaps  one of  the  uses of Sleep, and
of the horizontal  posture during that period
— may be to facilitate the introduction of
Chyle  into the Blood."—Cruickshank on
the Absorbents, p. 95.
   "  The Brute Creation invariably lie down
and  enjoy a state of rest, the moment thei' 
  102  THE ART OFINVIGORATING LIFE.

 stomachs  are  filled. People who are feeble,
 digest their  Dinner best,  if they lie  down
 and1 sleep as  most Animals do, when  their
 stomachs  are  full."— DARyviN's Zoonomia,
 vol. iv. p.  137.
   " Dr, Harwood, Professor of Anatomy
 at Cambridge,  took two pointers who were
 equallv hungry, and fed them equally well,—
 one  he suffered  to folloyv the promptings of
 Instinct — curled  himself round  till he was
 comfortable — and went to sleep, as animals
 generally  do after eating — the  other was
 kept for  about two hours in constant  exer-
 cise.  On his  return home —the  two  Dogs
 were killed.—In  the  Stomach of  the one
 who had been quiet and asleep, all the  food,
 was  digested ;  in  the  Stomach of the other,
that  process was hardly begun."
  "  Quiet  of Body and Mind for  two hours
after Dinner, is certainly useful to the Stu-
dious, the  Delicate, and the  Invalid."
Adair on  Diet, p. 44.
  ■*■  After Dinner, rest for three hours." — 
CLOTtflES.
103
Abernethy's Surgical  Obs.  8vo.  1817
p. 93.
  " After Dinner sit a while." — Eng. Prov*
  lf If you have a  strong  propensity  to
Sleep after Dinner — indulge it, the process
of Digestion  goes  on much better during
Sleep,  and  I have always found an irresist-
ible propensity to it — whenever Dyspeptic
symptoms  were  considerable. — Waller
on Incubus, 1816, p. 109.
  " Aged men — and weake bodies, a short
Sleepe after Dinner doth help to nourish." —
Lord  Bacon's Nat, Hist. Cent. I. 57,
CLOTHES.
  Of all the Customs of Clothing, the most
extremely  absurd  is the usual arrangement
of Bed Clothes,  which  in order as  the
chambermaid fancies to make the Bed look 
104 THE  ART  OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

pretty  in the Day time — are left long at the
head,  that  they  may  cover the  Pillows ;
when they are  turned down.   You  have  an
intolerable load on  your  Lungs, and that
part of the Body which  is  most  exposed
during the day — is smothered at  night —
with  double the  quantity of  Clothes that
any other part  has.
  Sleep is prevented by an unpleasant degree
of  either Heat or Cold ;  and  in this ever-
varying climate, where often ** in  one mon-
strous day all  seasons mix," delicate Ther-
mometrical persons will derive mu«h com-
fort (rem  keeping  a Counterpane  u. reserve
for  an  additional covering  in  very  Cold
Weather :  when some  extra clothing is as
needful by Night,—as a great coat is  by
Day.
  A gentleman who  has a  mind  to carry
the adjustment  of his Clothes to a nicety —
may have the shelves of his wardrobe num-
bered 30, 40, 50, 6o, he.  and  according to
the degree ol Gold pointed to by his Fahren- 
CLOTHES.               105
heit*, he may wear a corresponding defence
against it : — This mode of adjusting Dress
according  to the  vicissitudes  of the wea-
ther,  &c.  is  as  rational  as the  ordinary
practice of  regulating  it by  the  Almanack
or the  Fashion,  which in  this  uncertain
Climate and capricious Age — will as often
lead us wrong, as right.
   Leave off your Winter Clothes late in the
Spring ; — put them on early in the autumn.
By wearing your  Winter Clothes during the
first half dozen warm days  — You get some
fine perspirations — which  are highly salu-
tary in removing obstructions on the cutane-
ous pores, &c.
   Delicate  and Dyspeptic persons are often
distressed by Changing their Dress, — which

  * Thermometers intended to give the temperature
of Rooms, should be so placed as to be equally remo-
ved from the radiant heat of the Fire—and from cur-
rents of Air from the Door.
  Out of Doors they shoald be in a northen situation!
sheltered from sunshine, or reflected Heat, &c. 
 106   THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

 roust be  as  uniform as possible, — in thick-
 ness—  in  quality — and inform,— espe-
 cially (Flannel, or indeed) whatever is worn
 next to the Skin.
   The change of a thick Waistcoat for a thin
 one — or a long one for a shorter one — not
 putting on  winter garments soon enough,
 or leaving  them  off too soon,— will often
 excite  a  violent  disorder in the Lungs —
 or Bowels,  &c. and  exasperate any  consti-
 tutional complaint.
   Those  who  wear Flannel Waistcoats, are
 recommended  to have their new ones about
 the middle  of November,  with sleeves to
 them coming down to the wrist-  the shorten-
 ing these  sleeves  in the  warm  weather,
 is as  effective  an  antidote against extreme
 Heat — as lengthening them, and closing the
 Cuff of the Coat, is against intense  Cold.
   Our Coat*  should be  made so large —

  • The following Observations on Clothing, are copied
from the life of John Stewart, the Traveller, printed fo/
 Egerton, 1813, p. 9.—« I clothed myself at all timei 
CLOTHES.
107
that when buttoned  we  may be as  easy as
when  it  is   unbuttoned,  so  that   without
any unpleasant increase  of pressure  on the
Chest, &c. we can wear it  closely buttoned
up to  the  Chin —the power  of doing  this
is a convenient provision against the sudden
alternations  from  heat to  cold — buttoning
up   this  outer  garment,  will  protect  the
delicate from many mischiefs which  so often
arise in  this  inconstant  climate  from the
want of such a  defence ;  and the additional
warmth  it  produces will often  cure  slight
Colds, &c.
   Another way  of accumulating Caloric, is
to  have  two  sets of button holes to the

very warm, and by buttoning and unbuttoning I could
accommodate to the sudden change of climate and sea
son and preserved thereby the equilibre of the secre-
tions and excrements  on which Heal h and Life de.
pends; for clothing forms a factitious heat, as a sibstitute
to the muscular heat, declining with age or sickness;
on which action of heat vitality and  all  the  other
functions of vital organism depend."
11 
 108 THE  ART  OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

 Cuff of the Coat, (especially of your Great
 Coat,) one of which will bring it quite close
 round the wrist.
   When the circulation is languid, and your
 Feet are cold— wear worsted Stockings, have
 your Shoes  well warmed — and when you
 take them from the Fire — put your Slippers*
 to  it — that they may be warm and comfor-
 table for you on your  return home.
   In Wet Weather wear Shoes  with  double
 upper-leathers—two thin leathers wi}l keep
 you much drier than one thick  one, and are
 more pliable—the Currier's Dubbing is the
 best nourisher of Leather — and renders  it
 as soft as satin, and impervious to Water.
  The mean temperature of England is about
 50  degrees of  Fahrenheit — it  sometimes
 rises 25  degrees above this, in the height of
 Bummer, — falls about  as  much below, in

  * The best Slippers are a pair of old shoes — the
•worst, those of plaited cloth —which make the feet
tender — and are a hotter covering for them in the
House —than you give them when you go out. 
CLOTHES.             109
the depth of Winter — and in Summer fre-
quently varies from 20 to 30 degrees between
Mid day and Midnight.
   The restoration, and the preservation  of
the Health,  especialhj of those who have
passed their Fortieth Tear,—dependsupon
minute and unremitting attentions to Food,—
Clothes,— Exercise, &c. which  taken singly
may appear  trifling — but combined are  of
infinite importance.
   " If you are careful of it, Glass  will last
as  long as Iron."  By a regular observance
of  a few  salutary precepts, a delicate Con-
stitution will last as  long,  and  afford  its
Proprietor as many Amusements, as a Strong
Body,—whose mind takes but little  care
of  it.
   Invalids  are advised to put on  a Great
Coat when they go out, and the temperature
of  the  external air is not higher than 40.
Some  susceptible  Constitutions  require this
additional clothing when  the Thermometer
falls below 50 ; especially at the commence
inent of the  Cold  weather. 
 110   THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

   A Great  Coat must be kept in a Room
 where there is a Fire, — if it has been hung
 up in a cold damp Hall, as it often is, it  will
 contribute about as much to your Calorifica-
 tion, — as if  you  wrapped a  Wet  Blanket
 about You.
   Clothes should be warm enough to defend
 Ub  from  Cold*, — and  largef enough to let
 every  movement be  made  with as  much

  * " Only Fools and Beggars suffer from Cold, the lat-
 ter not being able to procure sufficient clothes, the for-
 mer not having the sense to wear them.—Boehhaave.
  | Narrow sleeves are  a very great  check on the
 muscular exercise of the Arms — the Waistcoat, in its
 present fashionable form, may be very properly termed
 & straii one. The Waistcoat should be long enough to
 cover the breeches two or three inches all round. The
 wrests and knees, but more particularly the latter, are
 braced with ligatures, or tight buttoning ; and tne legs,
 which require the utmost  freedom of motion, are se-
 cured into leathern cases or Boots — though the wear-
 er perhaps is never mounted on Horseback.
  To complete the whole, as the Head is confined by a
 tight Hat, but rarely suited to its natural shape, so in
 regard to shoes the shape of the foot and tfye easy ex-
pansion of the Toes are never consulted—but the shap» 
clothes.
Ill
ease  when  they  are on, — as when  they
are off.
   Those whose employments are sedentary
— especially   hard   Students — who   often
neglect  taking sufficient  Exercise*,  suffer
extremely from the pressure of tight Waist'
bands — Garters,  he. which  are the cause
of  many of  the mischiefs  that arise from
long  sitting — during which they should be
loosened.
   Braces have  been generally  considered a

regulated by the fashion of the Day, however tight and
uncomfortable"—Sinclair's  Code  of  Health, 4th
Edit. p. 357.
  * " Those who do not  take a sufficient quantity of
Exercise — soon suffer from a number of Disorders, —-
want of Appetite — want of Sleep — flatulence, &c.
&c. Obstruction—relaxation of the Bowels—and
^11 the diversified symptoms of Nervous Complaints.
Men of Letters suffer much, and from neglecting to
take Exercise, are often the most unhealthy of human
beings — even  that Temperance by which many of
them are distinguished, is no effectual remedy against
the mischiefs of a sedentary life, which  can  only be
counteracted bya proper quantity of Exercise and Air."
                      11* 
 112  THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

 great improvement in modern dress —because
 thrv  rendt-r the pressure of the Waistband
 unnecessar , which when extremely close is
 cenainlv  prejudicial — but  we have always
 thought  they have produced more  inconve-
nience than thev have  removed — for  if  the
iiiseri-T Viscera get thereby more freedom of
ac inn — the  superior  suffer for  it — and,
 moreivr.r. Ruptures are much more  frequent
 — th<- Girdle which formerly prevented them
 being removed, — and, instead of that useful
 and partial  horizontal  pressure, in spite of
 the el istic springs which have been attached
 to the Braces, the  whole body is grievously
oppressed by the Vertical  Bands.
   Tnt  best  material  for Breeches,  is  the
elastic worsted stocking stuff.
   Tight Stays — and  Braces — obstruct the
circulation of the Blood, &c. are the cause of
many Chronic  Complaints, and often  create
O' ^vmic  Diseases*.
  * Stays and stiff Jackets are most pernicious ; they
disfigure the beautiful and upright shape of a Woman,
and injure the Breast and Bowels ■, obstruct the breath- 
FIRE.
FIRE.
  As we advance in Age — the force of the
circulation  being lessened, the  warmth  of
our  Clothes  and  our  coverings  at  night
should be gradually increased.   " After the
age of 35, it may be better to exceed, rather
than be  deficient in clothing." — Adair's
Cautions, p. 390.
  Cold  often kills the infirm and the  aged,
and is the proximate cause of most Palsies ;
— it is  extremely  desirable  that Bed and
Sitting Rooms for Winter occupation, should
have a Southern aspect — when the Thermo-
meter  is below 30,  the  proper  place  for

ing and digestion;  hurt the breast and nipples so much
that many Mothers have heen prevented by their use
from suckling their Children; many hence get Cancers,
and at last lose both Health and Life—for they render
the delivery of Women very difficult and dangerous
both to  Mother and Child." — From Dr. Faust's
Catechism of Health, 12mo. p. 39, Edinburgh, 1797. 
 114 THE ART OF  INVIGORATING  LIFE.

 people beyond 60, is their own Fire-side: —
 many of the disorders and Deaths of persons
 at this period of  Life — originate from  irre-
 gularity in Diet, Temperature, &c. by Dining
 out, and frisking about, joining in Christmas
 Gambols, &c. in Cold weather.
   The Art of making a  room  comfortably
 warm,  does  not consist merely in  making
 a very large  Fire   in  it—but depends as
 much on the  keeping of  cold air out — this
 is best done  by Double  Windows,  see page
 91, and  Double Doors,— at least take  care
 that your Sashes fit  close, — that the beads
 of the window frames  are tight — stop  the
 aperture  between the  skirting  boards  and
 the floor with putty — and list the Doors.
  We suppose it  almost needless to say  that
every room in the house  should be thoroughly
ventilated* by a current of fresh air .__at

  * " Stagnant air becomes corrupted in the  same
manner as stagnant water, — opening windows and
making currents of air, are the best means of purifying
it*"— Steuve's Asthenology,  p. 348. 
FIRE.
115
least once every day,  when the weather is
not very damp — or cold.  By making a Fire
accordingly — this may be done almost every
Day in the Year.
  If  You leave  the Door  open for Five
minutes — it will let in more cold air than
your Fire can make warm in Fifteen—there-
fore, initiate your Domestics in these  first
principles  of the Economy of Caloric, — and
when the  weather  is cold, caution them
to keep Doors shut.
  A regular Temperature may be preserved
by a simple  contrivance attached to a Ther-
mometer,  which  will open an  aperture  to
admit the external air —when the apartment
is heated  above the degree desired (i.  e.
about 60 for common constitutions,) and
exclude it when it falls below it.
  A Room, which is in constant  occupa-
tion all day — may be occasionally pumped
by  moving the door backward and  forward
for several minutes.
  We do not advise Invalids  to  indulge 
116 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.
themselves in heating their rooms to a higher
temperature* than from 60 to 65. — Those
who have resided the best part of their Life
in warm climates — will like the latter best.
While we  recommend the Aged and Infirm
to be kept comfortably warm—they  must
at the same  time cautiously avoid excess of
heat.
   When the Thermometer tells  them  that 7Z
the external  air is under 60, — whether it be ^'
in July, or in January, — those who are sus- W
ceptible of Cold, must tell their Servants to %"
keep a small fire — especially if the Weather $~r
be at the same time damp.                   ;£.:

  • " The natural heat of the Human Body is 98 of  &■
Fahrenheit's Thermometer—any temperature applied
to it lower than 98, gives asensation of Cold, but if the
temperature applied is not below 62, the sensation of
cold will not continue long, but be soon changed to a
sensation of heat, and in this climate, Air, &c. applied
to the living man, does not diminish the temperature
of his Body, unless the temperature of it be  below 62 ;
if it is above that, it increases it." — Collbn's First
Lines, vol. i. p. 130. 
FIRE.
117
   Those who, from caprice, or parsimony,—
 instead of obeying this comfortable and sa-
 lutary precept, sit shivering and murmuring,
 and refuse to employ  the Coal-merchant, as
 a substitute for the Sun — may  soon spend
 in Physic,  more than they have saved in
 Fuel.
   By raising the temperature of my Room
 to about 65,  taking  a full dose of  Epsom
 Salts, and a Broth Diet, and retiring to  rest
' an hour sooner than usual, I have often very
 speedily got rid of  Colds, &c.
   The following Plan of Lighting and  ma-
 naging a Fire, has been attended with great
 comfort and convenience to myself,  (parti-
 cularly at the  beginning and  the  end  of
 winter, when a very small  fire is sufficient),
 and I think considerable saving of coals.
   Fill your  Grate  with fresh coals quite up
 to the upper bar but one, then lay in your
 faggot of wood in the usual manner, rather
 collected in  a  mass, than scattered,  that a
 body of concentrated heat may be produced 
118  THE ART OF  INVIGORATING LIFE.

as soon as  possible; over the faggot place
the cinders  of the preceding day — piled up
as high as the grate  will admit, and placed
loosely in rather large fragments — in order
that the  draft may be free — a bit or two of
fresh coal may be added to the cinders when
once they are lighted, but no small coal must
be thrown on at first, for the  reason  above
stated :—when all is prepared, light the  wood,
when the cinders  becoming in a short time
thoroughly  ignited — the gas rising from the
coals below, which  will now be effected  by
the heat, will take fire  as it passes through
them, leaving a very small portion of smoke
to go up the Chimney.
  The advantage of this mode of lighting a
fire is, that  small coal is better suited to the
purpose than  large — except a  few pieces in
front to keep the small from  falling out of
the Grate — it may be  kept  in reserve, to be
put on afterwards if wanted.   I have  fre-
quently known  my  fire  lighted at 8 o'clock
in the morning,  continue burning till 11 at 
AIR.
119
night, without any thing being done to it:
when apparently quite out, on  being stirred,
you have in a few minutes a glowing fire : it
will sometimes be necessary to  loosen, or stir
slightly the upper part of the fire if it begins
to cake — but the lower  part must not be
touched, otherwise it will burn away too soon.
AIR.
 Many Invalids are hurried into their Graves
— by the indiscreet kindness of their friends
forcing them from the comforts of  Home —
for the sake of Air more abounding with
Oxygen, i. e. the vivifying part of the atmos-
phere : — that great benefit is received from
what is called change of air is  true enough —
it is seldom considered that  there is  also a
change  in most of the other  circumstances
of the patient — many, of infinitely more im-
                   12 
ISO THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

portance,  than  that  which  derives  all the
credit of the Cure.
  For instance, if a person living in a con-
fined part of the City — neglecting exercise,
harassed all day by the anxieties of Business,
and sitting up late at Night, &c. be removed
to the tranquillity of  rural  scenes, which
invite  him  to be almost constantly taking
Exercise in the open Air, and retiring to rest
at an early hour — and thus, insttad of being
surrounded by  irritations unfavourable to
Health,  enjoying all  the  " jucunda obliva
vita:"  which  are favourable to  it — such a
Change will often do wonders, and sufficiently
account for the  miraculous cures attributed
to —  Change of Air.
  Chemical Philosophers assert indeed—that
a Gallon of the unsavory Gas from  Garlick
Hill,  gives as high a proportion of Oxygen^
as the like quantity of  the ethereal  element
of Primrose Hill:—this seems incredible, and
must  arise either from the imperfection of
the Eudiometer giving  erroneous results, or 
                 AIR.                121

from the air being impregnated with  matter
unfriendly to Health, which the instruments
employed to  analize it, have not the  power
of denoting : — let any one thread the mazes
of a  crowded city, and  walk for the same
space of time in a pleasant Country — the
animal spirits will soon testify, which is the
most exhilarating.
   However,  people certainly do  live long,
and enjoy Health, in situations apparently
very unfavorable to Animal Life.
   Our Omniscient Creator has given to our
Lungs, the same faculty  of extracting nutri-
ment  from  various kinds of  Air — as the
Stomach has from various kinds of Aliment:
— the Poor  man who feeds on the coarsest
food,  is supported by it in as sound  Health,
as the Rich man  who fares sumptuously every
day.
   Well then, in  nine  cases  out of  ten
to change the  Atmosphere  we  have been
long  accustomed to, is as  unadvisable as  a
change in the Food we have been used to — 
122  THE ART OF  INVIGORATING LIFE.
unless  other circumstances make it so, than
the mere change of Place.
   The opulent Invalid  who has been long
indulged with a Home arranged to his humour
— must  beware (especially  during any exa-
cerbation of  his infirmity) of leaving it — it
would be almost as desperate a procedure as
to eject au Oyster-from--his Shells.
EXERCISE.
  " By ceaseless action, all that is subsists,
   Constant, rotation of the unwearied wheel
   That nature rides upon, maintains her health,
   Hot beauty, her fertility. She dreads au instant's pause,
   And lives but while she moves." — Cowper's Task.
    **,The wise, for Health on Exercise depend;
      God never made his work for Man'to mend."

  The more luxuriously you live, the more
Exercise* you require,  — the " Bon Vivant"

  • « The Cordials, Volatiles, Bracers, Strengthened,
&c. given by common practitioners, may keep up an 
EXERCISE.
123
 may depend  upon the  truth of  the advice
 which Sir Charles  Scarborough gave to the
 Duchess of Portsmouth," You must Eat less,
 — or take more Exercise*, — or take Physic,
 — or be Sick.''


 increased circulation fo a few hours,  but their action
 soon subsides.
   The Circulation of the Blood can only be property
 carried on through the medium of Exercise or labour.—
 See page 38.
   Art cannot come up  to Nature in this most salutary
 of all her operations.   That sprightly Vigour, and
 alacrity of Health, which we  enjoy in an active course
 of Life—that Zest in appetite, and refreshment after
 eating, which sated Luxury seeks in vain from art, is
 owing wholly to new blood made every day from fresh
 food, prepared and distributed by the joint action of
 all the parts of the Body.- Cadooax on Gout, p. 34.
   * " There is no rule more essential to those who are
 advanced in Life, than never to give way to a remission
 of Exercise. By degrees the demand for exercise may
 shrink, in extreme old age, to little more than a bare
 quit-rent; but that quit-rent  must be  paid, since life
 is held by the tenure.
   " Whoever examines the accounts handed down to
us of the Longest Livers, will generally find, that to the
                       12* 
124  THE  ART OF INVIGORATING  LIFE.

   Exercise  is  the grand power to promote
the Circulation through the Capillary vessels,
by which  the constitution is preserved  from
obstructions, — Appetite increased, and Di-
gestion improved in all its  stages, — the due
distribution  of nourishment, invigorates the
Nervous System, gives firmness and elasticity
to the Muscles, and strength to every part of
the System.

very last they used some exercise, as walking a certain
distance every day,  &c.  This is mentioned as some-
thing surprising in them, considering their great age ;
whereas the truth is, that their living to such an age
without some such exercise, would have been the
wonder.  Exercise keeps off obstructions, which are
the principal sources  of diseases,  and ultimately  of
 death. Motion then is the tenure of life; and old people
 who humour  or indulge an inclination to sloth and
 inactivity, (which is too apt to grow upon them on the
 least encouragement,) act as unwisely as the poor tra-
 veller, who, bewildered in trackless snow, and surpris-
 ed by a chilling frost, instead of resisting the tempta-
 tion to sleep, suffers it  to steal upon him, though  he
 knows, that, by its fatal blandishments, he can never
 expect to  wake again,  but must inevitably perish."—
 Institutes of Health, p. 24* 
EXERCISE.
125
  Exercise, to have  its full effect  must be
continued till we  feel  a sensible degree of
Perspiration,— (which is Me Panacea for the
prevention of Corpulence)—see page  50 —
and should, at least once a-day proceed to the
borders of i'^ui^ue, but never pass them, — or
we shall be weakened instead of strengthened.
   Health depends upon perpetual Secretion
and Absorption, and Exercise only can pro-
duce this.
   After Exercise, take care to get cool gra-
dually— when your Head perspires, rub it,
and your Face, &c dry with a cloth : —this
is better for  the Hair than  the best " Bear's
Grease,*' and will beautify the  Complexion
beyond " La Cosmetique Royale"  or all the
Red  and  White  Olympian  Dew  that was
ever imported.
   One  of the most important  precepts for
the preservation of Health, is to take care of
the  Skin*.

   * " The most ignorant person knows, that  proper
care of the skin is indispensably necessary for the
well-being of horses  &c.
   ** The Groom often denies himself rest, that he may 
126 THE  ART OF  INVIGORATING LIFE.

   In Winter,  the surface  of  the  Body, the
Feet, &c.  should be washed  twice or thrice
a Week, with  water  of the temperature of
about 98, and wiped every Day  with a wet
towel; —a Tepid Bath of the like tempera-
ture once a fortnight will also conduce much
to both health and comfort.  Some  advise that
the  surface  of  the  Body be  wiped every
morning with a wet sponge, and rubbed dry
after, with not too fine a cloth.

dress and curry his horses sufficiently ; it is, therefore
wonderful, that the enlightened people  of these days
should neglect the care  of their own skin  so much, that
I think I may, without exaggeration, assert, that among
the greater part of men,—-the Pores of the Skin are half
closed and unfit for use."~From  p. 235 of Hlffe-
lasd's Art of prolonging  Life,—which persons of all
ages may peruse with much advantage. 
WINE.
127
WINE.
 "le Vinestl'undes produits de la nature les plus difficiles ajuger
et & bien choisir:  et les plus habiles gourmets sont souvent mis en
cUfaut." — Manuel du Surnnielier, Paris, 1817, p, 1,

   Wine, especially Port, is generally twice
spoiled — before  it is  considered  fit to be
drank  !!!
   The Wine-Maker spoils  it  first, by over-
loading it with Brandy to make it keep.—
   The Wine drinker keeps it  till  time has
not only dissipated the superabundant spirit,
— but even until the  acetous fermentation
begins to be evident, — this, it is  the taste
now to call  "Flavour" — and Wine is not
liked,  till it has lost so much of its exhilara-
ting power, that you may drink half a Pint of
it, before receiving that degree of excitement,
— which the Wine-drinker requires to make
him Happy.   We  mean a legal  Pint con-
taining lb ounces. 
128  THE  ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

  The measure of a Bottle of Wine ought
to be  as  definitive,  as that of  a Pot  of
Porter : — is  it not  astonishing that the
Legislature have have not ordered a Standard
and Stamped £>uart, for the Wine-merchant
— as they have  a Pot for the Publican ?
  This would  be equally as desirable to
the respectable Wine-merchant,— as to the
Public.
  It would protect  the  former against the
injurious competition of those who at present,
by vending Wine in  Bottles of inferior  di-
mension,  impose on  the unwary  purchaser
under pretence of selling at a lower than the
Market price.
  The purchaser of a Dozen Bottles of Wine expects
to receive Three Gallons of Wine.
Proportions of the  Wine  Gallon, according to the last
            London  Pharmacopeia:
   Gallon. Pints. Fluid Ounces. Drachms. Minims or Drops.
     1  =  8=   128  «=  1024  =   61,440
    There are 32 ounces in  a legal wine quart.
    Multiply by 12 quarts in three gallons.
384 ounces in ditto. 
WINE.
129
  Measure the number of ounces your bottle holds —
divide 384 by  it, and the quotient will give you the
number of such bottles required to contain three gal-
lons of wine.

  Some bottles do not contain more than 26 ounces
    26) 384 (14 Bottles, 1 Pint, and a Quarter.
        26
124
104

 20

 Multiply
  By
Ought to hold
Substract
Or,
  26, i. e. the number of ounces
  12 your bottles, will contain.

  312 the number  of ounces
      contained in your dozen
      bottles, which
  384 the number of ounces in
  312  Three Gallons.
Divide by the number J 32) n (2 Quarts and half a pint
of ounces in a Quart J    64    short of measure.
                         8 ounces.
So, instead of Thhee Galloits — you have only T-wo
Gallons, one Quart, and a Pint and a half.

   The Quantity a Bottle  will contain, may
easily be accurately ascertained, by Lynes's 
130  THE ART OF  INVIGORATING LIFE.

graduated Glass measure, which holds half a
pint,  and is divided into ounces, &c. — it is
a convenient vessel to mix Grog in.
  A Pipe of Port contains, on the average,
138 Gallons, of which three must be allowed
for  Lees, &c. — This is enough for waste, if
the  Wine has  been properly  fined, and steadi-
ly bottled.

  A Butt of Sherry  contains 130 gallons.
              Madeira,      110 ditto.
Hogsheads of Claret,        35 ditto.

  It is convenient for small  Families to have
part of their Wine in Pint Bottles.
  That Wine is much best when  quite fresh
opened, is a fact it is needless to observe, —
half a Pint of Wine (i. e. 8 ounces,  i. e.  4
ordinary  wine-glasses)  is as much as most
people (who have not spoiled their stomachs
by intemperance)  require.
  The Rage  for Superannuated Wine, — is
one of the most ridiculous Vulgar Errors of
Modern Epicurism, —  " the Bee's Wing," 
WINE.
131
 "thick  Crust*  on  the  Bottle,."  "loss  of
 strength, &c."  which Wine-fanciers consider
 the  Beauty of their tawny favourite, " fine
 Old  Port,"— are forbidding manifestation  of
 decomposition, and the departure of some of
 the best qualities of the Wine.
   The Agef of maturity for exportation from


  * A thick Crust is not always the consequence of the
 Wine having been very long time in the Bottle — but
 is rather a sign that it was too little time in the Cask,
 or has been kept in a very cold cellar.
  f "  Had the man  that first filled the Heidelburgh
 Tun, been placed as sentinel to see that no other Wine
was put into it, 1 believe that he would have found it
much better at 25 or 30 years old, than at 100 or 150,
had he lived so long — retained his senses, and  been
permitted now and then to taste it — a privilege with
which the natives are seldom indulged.
  " To give a great price for Wine, and keep it till it
begins to perish, is a great pity." I cannot believe that
very aged  Wine, when bordering on Acid, is whole-
some, though some Wine-drinkers seem to prefer it in
that state.  "Respecting Port  Wine, there is a great
fuss made by some about its age and the crust on the
bottle ; as if the age and crust on the bottle constituted
                      13 
132  THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

Oporto, is said  to be  the second year  after
the Vintage, (probably sometimes  not quite
so long.)
   Our Wine merchants keep  it  in Wood
from two  to six years  longer, according  to
its original strength, &c. — surely  this must
be long enough to do  all that  can  be  done
by keeping it —what crude wine it must be
to require even this time to ameliorate it  —
the necessity  for  which, must arise  either
from some error in the original manufacture,
— or a false taste, which  does not  relish  it,
till Time  has changed its original character-
istics.
   Ordinary Port is a very  uncleansed, fret-
ful Wine — and experienced judges have
assured us,  that  the Best  Port  is  rather
impoverished than  improved, by being kept
in Bottle longer than  Two* Years, t. e. sup-

the quality of the Wine."  " Such crusty gentlemen
shall not select Wine  for me." — Young's Epicure,
8vo. 1815, p. 23, 28, &c.
  * " Wines bottled in good order, may be fit to drink 
wine.             133
posing it to have been previously from two
to fo".r years in the  Cask in this Country, —
observing, that all thai the outrageous advo-
cates for  «4 vin passe" — really  know about
it, is, that Sherry is yellow, — and Port is
Black, — and that if  they drink enough of
either of  them,—it will  make them Drunk.
   White  Wines, especially  Sherry and
Madeira, being  more perfectly fermented,
and thoroughly  fined before they are  bottled
— if kept in a cellar of uniform temperature,
are not so rapidly deteriorated by Age.
   The  Temperature of a Good Cellar is nearly
the same  throughout the year. Double Doors
help to  preserve  this.  It  must be dry, and
be kept clean as possible.
   The Art of preserving  Wines, is to keep
them from fretting,  which is done by keeping

in six  months, (especially if bottled in October),  but
they are not in perfection before twelve. From that to
two years they may continue so ; but it would be im-
proper to keep them longer." — Edinburgh Encyclop-
Britan. vol. xviii. p. 72, Article  Wine. 
134 THE ART OF  INVIGORATING LIFE.

them in the same degree of heat, and careful
Corking*.  '«If persons wish 10 preserve the
fine flavour of their Wines, they ought on no
account to permit any Bacon, Cheese, Onions*
Potatoes, or Cider, in their wine-cellars. Or,
if there  be any  disagreeable  stench in the
Cellar, the  wine will indubitably imbibe it;
consequently, instead of being fragrant and
charming to the nose and palate,  it will  be
extremely disagreeable." — Carnell on Wine
Making, 8vo. 1814, p. 124. See also Manuel
du Sommelier, par A. Jullien, Paris, 1817.
  That Madeira (if properly matured be-
fore) improves in quality by being carried  to
the East Indies and back, by which Voyage it
loses from 8 to 10 Gallons, — or to the West,

  * " Cork the bottles very closely with good Cork,
and lay them on their sides, that the Cork may not dry
and facilitate the access of the air.   For the greater
safety, the Cork  may be covered with a coating of
cerement applied by means of a Brush, or the neck of
the bottle may be immersed in a mixture of melted wax,
rosin, or pitch,"  Accum on making Wine, 1820, p. 40. 
WINE.
135
by which about  5 are wasted*, — however
these round about maneuvers may tickle the
fancy of those  folks who cannot relish any
thing that is  not far-fetched,  dear boughti
and  hard to be had, and to whom  rarity  is
the "sine qua non" of  recommendation — it
 s one of those inconvenient prejudices, from
which common sense preserve us !
   The Vulgar objection  to New Wine—(by
which we mean Wine that has been  maturing
in  Wood two years  in Portugal — two in
England — and in  Bottle more than twelve
months), is, that its exhilarating qualities are
too  abundant, and  intoxicate in  too  small
a  dose — those " Bons  Viv'ants,"  to  whom

   * A  Ppm heox of Brandt containing 130 Gallons
after remaining in Cask in a Merchant's Cellar for three
years,, lost two Gallons in measure, and ten Gallons in
strength.   The stronger the Spirit, the sooner it eva-
porates.
   The London Dock Company are not answerable for
any decrease of quantity in a Pipe of Wink left under
their care, provided it does not exceed one Gallon for
each year — which it is supposed to waste in that time.
                     13* 
 136   THE ART OF  INVIGORATING LIFE.

' the Bottle, the Sun  of the Table," and who
are not in the habit  of crying to go  home to
Bed while  they can see it shining, — require
Wines weaker than  those which are usually
imported from Spain and Portugal, — how-
ever Port and Sherry  may be easily re-
duced  to the standard  desired  by the long-
sitter, — " peululum aceti acetosi," will give
the Acid Gout, — "  aqua pur a"  will subdue
their Spirit u ad libitum"—  and produce an
imitation of the flavour acquired by Age, ex-
tempore — and You can thus  very  easily
make fine fruity nutritious  new Wine, — as
Light, — and as Old*, —and as Poor, as you
please  — and fit it exactly to your customer's
palate, whether " Massa drinky for Drinky,
— or drinky for Drunky Massa."
   To ameliorate very  new, or very  old Wine
— mix a bottle of the  one with  a bottle of

   * Coxxaho complains that old Wine  was very dis-
 agreeable to his Stomach, and new wine very grateful;
 his dose was fourteen ounces, (z. e. seven wine-glass-
 es) per day. 
WINE.
137
the other — or to a bottle of  very  old  Por
add a glass or two  of good new Claret—to
very new, a glass of Sherry.
  Of all our  senses, — the Taste, especially
for Liquids, is the most sophisticated Slave of
Habit— " De gustibus, non estdisputandum.''
  The  astringent  matter,  and  Alcohol —
which  render Port  Wine the prop of an
Englishman's Heart — are intolerable to the
palate of an Italian, or Frenchman.—But a
Stomach which has been Accustomed  to be
wound up by the  double  stimulus of Astrin-
gents, and  Alcohol also, — will not be con-
tent with the latter only, — especially if that
be in less quantity — as it is  in the Italian
and French  Wines ; which therefore, for the
generality of Englishmen, are  insufficiently
excitant.
  He who has been in the habit of drinking
Porter  at Dinner, — and  Port  a<Vr —
will feel  uncomfortable  with  Home-brewed
Ale and Claret. 
138   THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

   Mr. Accum, 'he chemist, analyzed for the
Editor  some   Port  and  Sherry  of the
finest quality — the  Port* yielded  20 per
cent — and the  Sherry 19*25 per  cent,  of
AlcOhol of   825  specific gravitv—i. e
the  strongest  Spirit of Wine  that  can  be
drawn,  full double  the strength of Brandy,

 * Fermented liquors furnish very different proportions
of Alcohol—and  it has been sometimes supposed tha1
it does not pre-exist to the amount in which it is ob
tained by distillation ; but some  experiments I made
upon the subject in 1811  and  1813, and which are
printed in the Phil. Trans, for these  years, tend to
 ■mow that it is a real educt, and not formed y the
action of  heatupon the elements existing  in the fer
mented liquor.   The following table exhibits the pro-
portion of Alcohol by measure existing in one hundred
pints of Wine."—Bhakdk's  Manual o   Chemistry
8vo. 1819, p.  400.
  }  Hock ..................  14
   'Claret .................  15
     Sherry............... 19
     Port ....................
     Madeira............. 24 per cent Alcohol. 
WINE.
139
 which seldom has 40  per Cent,  and  com -
 mon Gin* not more than 30—or 25.
   Some people have a notion that if they go
 to the Docks,  they  can  purchase a Pipe of
 Wine  for  twenty  pounds less,   than  they

   * " It would save  many lives it  Gin, &c. was not
 allowed to be sold until reduced  to  one third the
 strength of Proof Spirit. People do not at first drink
 from any liking or desire, but being cold, or faint with
 hunger or fatigue, they find  immediate comfort and
 refreshment from the use of Spirits—and as  they can
 purchase  a dram with less money than they cancover
 their back, or fill their belly, so they gratify the strong
 est and least expensive  appetite—and insensibly be
 come drunkards."
  " Ardent Spirits are not only eminently destructive
 to the body, but are the most powerful incentives to
 Vice of every kind ; Drunkenness engenders all  other
 Crimes.  Does the Robber pause in his Trade ?  Does
 the Murderer hesitate ?—they are presently woundup
 at the Gin shop.  Has the  Seducer tried his arts in
 vain ?   The Brothel is more indebted to this source,
 than to all the other lures to Seduction."—From  Hint
for the  Preservation  of  Health.—Callow,   1813,
 !2mo.  p. 2. 
 140   THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

 must  pay to a regular Wine Merchant—
 and,  morever, have  it  neat as imported—
 as if all Wines of  the  same  Name, were of
 the same Quality.
   Port varies at Oporto in quality and price
 as much as Porter does in London — it  is
 needless to say how  difficult it  is to obtain
 the best  Beer at any price — it is quite as
 difficult  to  obtain the best Port  Wine at
 Oporto, where the very superior wine is all
 bought up at a proportionately high price
 by the agents  for the   London Wine Mer-
 chants.
   Brandies  and  Wines vary  in quality
 quite as much as they  do in Price : not  less
 than twenty pounds per Pipe in  the country
 where  they are made.
   The only  way to obtain   genuine  whole-
some   liquor,  is to apply  to a respectable
 Wine  Merchant — and beg of him  to  send
y ou the best wine at the regular market price.
   If you  are particular about the Quality
 of what you buy — the less  You ask  about 
WINE.
141
 the price of it the  better — if you are not,
 bargain as hard as you please.
   The Editor buys  his Wines  of Messrs.
 Danvers and  Clarke, No.   122,  Upper
 Thames Street ;  his Brandy and Liqueurs*
 of Messrs. Johnson, in Pal! Mall; and his
 Spirits, &c. of Mr. Rickards, Piccadilly*

   " There are Three sorts of Drinkers : one drinks to
 satisfy Nature, and to support his body, and requires
 it as necessary to his Being.
   " Another drinks a degree beyond this, and takes a
 large rdose to exhilarate and cheer his mind, and help
 him to sleep  these two are lawful drinkers.
   " A third drinks neither for the good  of the Body or
 the Mind, but to stupify and drown both." - Maikwa"
 RrxoE on Health,  &c.  12mo.  1683,  p.123.

  * Johnson's Witte Cura^oa takes precedence
all the Liqueurs we have ever tasted, 
AJnoral and Physical  Thermometer ,• or, a Scale of t/ie  Progress of

      Temperance and Intemperance,  by J. C.  Lettsom,  M.  D.

                    Liauons,  with their Effects, in their usual Order.

      i|2^8j                         temperance.
water.
Milk and Water.
Small Beer.
Cider and Perry.
Wine.
Porter.
Strong Beer
J L
u
><
J I
Health, Wealth,


Serenity of Mind,


Reputation, long Life, and


Happiness.




Cheerfulness,


Strength, and


Nourishment, when taken


only at Meals, and in


moderate Quantities.
INTEMPERANCE.
1 f Vices. 1
Punch.
Toddy & Crank.
' Grog, and
 Brandy and
- Water.
Flip and Shrub.
Idleness.
Peevish-
  ness.

Quarrell-
   ing.
Fighting.

Lying.
H
   Diseases.

Sickness.
Puking, and
Tremors of the
  Hands in the
  Morning.

Bloatedness.
Inflamed Eyes.
Red Nose & Faee.
Sore and swelled
  Legs.
{
 Bitters infused
   in Spirits.
 Usquebaugh.
 .Hysteric water
 {Gin, Anni-
 seed, Brandy,
 Rum, and
 Whiskey in the
 Morning.
C Do. during
5 the Day ana
C Night.
f Punish-
   MENT8.


 Debt.


 Black Eyes.


 Rags.

 Hunger.
 Swearing.

 Obscenity.

 Swindling

 Perjury.

 Burglary.

 Murder.

L Suicide.
    Jaundice.
    Pains in the Limbs
     and burning in
     the Palms of the
     Hands, & Soles
     of the Feet.
    Dropsy.
    Epilepsy.
    Melancholy.
    Madness.
    Palsy.
    Apoplexy

.  (.Death.
><
Hospital.

Poor-house.

Jail.

Whipping.

The Hulks.

Botany Bay


.Gaixows. 
WINE.
143
   Those who drink Wine*% £s?c. for the pur-
pose it was given, as a Cordial, to cheer the
Circulation, when it falters from  Fatigue,
Age,  or profuse  Evacuations  of any kind;
" for  the  Stomach's sake,"  as  St.  Paul re-
commends it, and for our " often infirmities"
as a medicine — will understand, that of all
the ways of saving, to run any risk of buying
inferior Wine,  is the most ridiculously un-
wise Economy.
   To  Ice  Wine is another very  unprofitable
and inconvenient  custom — and not only de-
teriorates its flavour, but by rendering it dull
in the mouth — people are induced to drink
too much, as they are deprived of the advan-
tage of knowing when they have got enough

  * "The Blood of the Grape appeareth to be Blood,
in it is Life, it is from the Vine, and that the Plant of
life; and that the difference between this Plant, and
the Tree of Life in Paradise, were but magia. and minus,
is not so improbable as to be rejected by any, for they
will be both granted Plants of Life, and thpy very much
respond in their nature as well as appellation. What
the fruit was that sprang from that in Paradise> *3 not
                     14 
144  THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.
 — for as soon as the Wine becomes warm in
 their Stomachs, — the dose they have taken
 merely to exhilarate  them — makes them
 drunk.
   The true Economy of Drinking, — is to
 excite as much  Exhilaration  as may be, —
 with as little Wine.
   We deprecate  the  custom of sitting for
 Hours after Dinner, and keeping the Stomach
 in an incessant state of irritation by sipping
 Wine, — nothing can be more prejudicial to
 Digestion* — it is much better  to mix Food
 and  Drink — and to take them   by alternate
 mouthsful. — See page 11.
   Our  *« Vinum Brittannicum—"good
 Home brewed Beer — which has  been very
 deservedly  called " Liquid Bread/' is pre-

as yet known, or not so perfectly understood as that of
the Vine, the nature of which is so lively as that Galen
will affirm it to augment radical heat, which is the way
to live forever."—See Dr. Whitaker  on the Blood oj
the Grape, 16mo. 1654, p. 3 and 31.
  * In our Peptic Precepts, we have pointed out the
most convenient ways of counteracting  the dilapidating 
WINE.
145
ferable to any other Beverage during Dinner
or Supper — or Port or Sherry diluted with
about three  or four times their quantity of
Toast and Water—(No. 463;:  undiluted,
these  Wines are  too  strong  to  be  drank
during Dinner, — they act so powerfully on
the  feelings  of the  Stomach, that they dull
the desire for  solid Food, by producing the
sensation of  Restoration, — and the  System,
instead of receiving material to repair and
strengthen it, —is merely stimulated during
the action of the Vinous spirit.
  However, the dull stimulus of Distension,
is insufficient for some Delicate  Stomachs,
which do absolutely require to be  screwed
up   with a  certain  quantity  of  diffusible
Stimulus*, — without which, they cannot pro-

effects of excessive vinous irrigation, which is doubly
debiUtating, — when you suffer the fascinations of the
festive Bowl to seduce You  to sacrifice  to Bacchusi
tho.se hours which are due to the drowsy God of Might*
  *  " More or less Alcohol is necessary to support the
usual vigour of the greater number of people even in 
 146  THE  ART  OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

 ceed effectively to the business of  Digestion,
 — or indeed any other business — we do not
 recommend such,  especially if  they  have
 passed  the Meridian of life, to attempt  to
 entirely  wean themselves of it — but advise
 them, immediately after Dinner,  to drink  as
 much as is  necessary to excite that degree  of
 action in their System, without which they
 are  uncomfortable, and then to stop. — See
 Observations on Siesta.
   Now-a-days, Babies are brought to table
 after Dinner by Children of larger growth  —
 to drink Wine,— which has as bad an effect
 on their tender susceptible stomachs, as the
 like  quantity  of  Alcohol  would  produce
 upon an Adult.

 Health —nothing therefore  can be more injudicious
 than wholly to deprive them of this support when
 they are weakened by disease — Dyspeptics who have
 been accustomed to its use, cannot be deprived of it
 — a very moderate use of Wine  can hardly be said
 to be injurious :  we see those who use  it in tnis way,
pve as long, and  enjoy as good health, as those who
wholly abstain from it." — Dr. Phiiip, on Indigestion,
8vo. 1821, p. ^39 and 144. 
WINE.
147
   Wine has been called  "the Milk of Old
Age,"  so  " Milk is the  Wine of Youth."
As Dr. Johnson observed, it is much easier
to be abstinent than to  be temperate — and
no  man should  habitually  take Wine  as
Food  till  he is past 30   years  of age*  at
least; — happy is  He  who  preserves this
best of Cordials in reserve, and only  takes
it to support his Mind and Heart when dis-
tressed by  anxiety and fatigue.  That which
may  be a  needful stimulus  at  40 or 50,
will inflame the  Passions  into madness  at
20  or 30 — and at an earlier period is  abso-
lute Poison.
  Among  other  innumerable  advantages
which  the  Water-drinker  enjoys, remember
he  saves  at  least  Fifty  Guineas per
annum — which the Beer  and Wine drinker
wastes — as  much to the  detriment of his

  * ««No man in health can need Wine till he arrives^' *"
at 40 ; he then may begin with two glasses in the day
at SO  he may add  two  more."—See Thottm  on
Drunkenness, 180*, p. 151.
                  14* 
148   THE ART OF INVIGORATING LI1E.

health, as the diminution of his Finances :
moreover, nothing deteriorates  the sense of
Taste so soon as strong liquors — the Water-
drinker enjoys an  exquisite  sensibility of
Palate,  and  relish for   plain  food, that a
Wine-drinker has no idea of.
  Some people make it  a  rule to drink a
certain number  of Glasses of Wine  during
and after dinner,  whether they are dry, or
languid, or not — this is as ridiculous  as it
would be to eat a certain  number of Mutton
Chops whether you are hungry or not.  The
effect produced  by Wine is seldom the same,
even in the same person — and depends on
the state of the animal spirits at the time —
whether the stomach be  full or empty,  &c.
  The more  simply Life is supported, and
the less Stimulus  we use, the  better — and
Happy are the  Young and  Healthy who are
wise enough to be convinced that  Water is
the best drink, and Salt the best sauce.
  But in Invalids past the Meridian of Life,
we believe as  much mischief  is  going on 
WINE.
149
when our Pulse hobbles along as if the Heart
was too tired to carry on the Circulation, as
can possibly be done  to  the  constitution  by
taking such  a portion of wine as will re-
move  the  collapse ■*— and  excite  the main-
spring of  Life to vibrate  with  healthful
vigour.
   The  following is  the  Editor's plan of
taking liquid food  at Dinner, — when  he
cannot get Good Beer : — he has two  wine
glasses of Sherry, or one of Whiskey*, or
Brandy, (No. 471),  and three-fourths of a
pint of good Toast and Water, (No* 463),
(which when Dyspeptic he  has warmed to
about Summer Heat, i. e. 75 of Fahrenheit,)
and puts a  wine-glass of  Sherry, or half a
glass of  Whiskey, &c. into half a pint of the
water, and the other  glass of Sherry or half
glass of Whiskey, &c. into the remaining
quarter pint — thus increasing the strength

   * Scotch or Irish Whisket is an infinitely purer spirit
than English Gin — which is an uncertain compound
of various Essential Oils, &c. 
150 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. '
 of  the  liquid towards  the   Conclusion  of
 Dinner, after which he drinks from two to
  four   glasses of Fort or  Sherry as Instinct
 suggests the state of the circulation requires —
 if it be very languid, a Liqueur glass of John-
 son's* Witte Curacoa\  is occasionally re-

  • Brandy and  Liqueur Merchant, No. 2  Colonnade
 Pall Mall.
  f  To make a Quart op Curacoa. — To a pint of
 the cleanest and strongest Rectified Spirit, (sold by
 Rickards, Piccadilly) add two  drachms and half of
 the Sweet Oil of Orange Peel, (sold by Stewart, No. 11
 Old  Broad Street, near the Bank,) shake it up, —
 dissolve  a pound of good Lump Sugar in a  pint of
 cold water, make this into a Clarified Syrup, (No. 475),
 which add to the Spirit, shake it up, and let  it stand
 till the following day — then line a funnel with  a piece
 f muslin, and that with filtering paper, and filter it two
 or three times  till it is quite bright;—or dissolve a
 drachm  and  a half of Carbonate of Potash in  about a
 quarter pint of the liqueur by rubbing it together in a
 mortar— adding it to the Liqueur, and  shaking it wel
up; then incorporate a like quantity of pounded Alum
in another quarter pint of the Liqueur s and return it to
the  Liqueur, shake it well up; and in a little time it wiil 
WINE.                151
commended as a renovating Bonne Bouche —
about a quarter of an  hour after dinner, he
lies  down on  a Sofa, and sleeps for about
half an hour — this has been his custom for
the last twenty years — half as hour's  hori-
zontal posture  is more restorative to him —
than  if he had sat up and drank three or
four  more glasses of  wine.
   As to the Wholesomeness of various Wines*,

become fine.  This Liqueur is an admirable cordial —
and a tea-spoonful in  a Tumbler of water,  is a very
refreshing Summer drink, and a great improvement
to Punch.
  Obs. We do not offer this Peceipt as a Rival to Mr
Johnson's Curacoa— it is only proposed as an humble
substitute for that incomparable Liqueur.

  * " II y a pour le Gourmet plus de soixante sortes de
vins ; — il n'y en a que trois pour le Chimiste;  savoir,
les vins mousseux, les vins faits, les vins sucres.  Le
sucre existe tout forme par la nature  dans les raisins
murs de tous les pays ; sa proportion fait la principalo
difKrence des vins;  c'est le sucre seul qui e"tablit la
fermentation vineuse; si  l'on enferme le vin avant
qu'elle soit termine'e, le gaz, qui etait  sur le point de
* 
 152  THE ART  OF  INVIGORATING LIFE.

 — that depends on the integrity and skill   o
 the  Wine-maker, — and  upon  the peculiar
 state of  the stomach of the Wine-drinker —
 when my Stomach is not in Good Temper, —
 it  generally desires  to have Red Wine,—
 but when in best Health, — nothing affronts
 it more  than  to  put Port into  it — and one

 •'echapper, reste dans la liqueur, et le vin est mousseux.
 Ce gaz est de I'acide carbonique, le me me air qui fait:
 mousser le cidre, la bi^re, l'hydromel,  et les eaux
 mine'rales  de Seltz, de Chateldon. II est  dangereux a
 respirer en quantity, puisqu'il  asphyxie les animaux ;
 mais il est tres-salubre a boire ainsi combine.   Si, au
 contraire,  la fermentation est terminee, le sucre s'est
 change" dans le vin, eau de vie, qui tient en dissolution
 le tartre, le principe colorant, et le principe  extracti*
du  raisin.   Voila, ce qui  constitue les vins faits; ils
 ne moussent plus, et ils so nt plus ou moins g£n€reux
suivant les proportions de leurs principes.
  " Enfin,  quand le sucre naturel au raisin est trop
abondant pour fermenter en totality, une portion re e
 dans la iiqueur sous forme de Sirop, et constitue  les
vins sucr£s d'Espagne,  de Constance, etc. — La differ-
ence de saveur depend dun arome particulier, pro"
 pre au  raisin de  chaqae climat.'' — Cours Gastra*
riomique  8vo. 1809, pM289. 
WINE
153
of the first symptoms of  its coming into
adjustment, is a wish for White Wine,
  One of the  chief causes  of that derange-
ment of  the Stomach, which delicate and
aged persons so constantly complain of after
Dining out — is the drinking of Wines, &c.
which they are unused to.
  White, deserve  to be preferred to Red
Wines, —- because  the latter being  harder
pressed,  and  subjected to  a stronger fer-
mentation  to extract the colouring matter
from  the husks  of the  Grape,  are  more
loaded with feculence.
  Of Red Wines, Claret is the best;  and it
is to  be  lamented, that the Duty imposed
upon it is so great, that to moderate fortunes
it amounts to a prohibition — when we make
this observation, we do not mean to impeach
the  prudence whieh has induced  those who
no doubt best understand the subject, — to
determine  that political  necessity  impera-
tively decrees that  the delightful and salu-
brious wines of  France —must  be  taxed 
 i.H THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

 twice as high  as the coarse unwholesome
 wines of Portugal.
  Of the  White wines,  we  believe  that
Sherry is the most easy — and Madeira the
most  difficult to obtain genuine — most of
the  Sweet  Wines  are as artificially-icom-
pounded, as the  Beers of this country ;  the
addition of  Capillaire to Port wine,  makes
what is commonly called  Tent*  Mountain,
Calcavella,  cifc.  are made up in the same
manner.
  For further illustrations of this subject,
see  Ac cum on  Adulteration,  2d  Edition,
12 mo.  1820.
  An Inquiry into the Effects of Fermented
Liquors, by a Water-drinker, 2d Edit. 1818.
 ^SANDFfRD's Remarks  on  Wine.   Wor-
cester 1799.
  Lettsom, on the Effects of Hard Drinking,
  Trotter, on Drunkenness, 1804.
  Accum's  Art  of making English  Wine,
1820.
  Carnell  on Family Wine Making, 1814. 
WINE.              155
  Accum, on Brewing, 1820.
  Rawlinson, on Brewing in Small ^uan-
iities, — printed for Johnson, 1807, price Is.;
and Home Brewed Ale, printed for Robinson,
1804, price 2s.
  Facts Proving Water the best Beverage.
Printed by Smeeton, in St. Martin's Lane.
  Mchtuel de  Sommelier, par A, Jullien,
Paris, 1817.
\5 
156
PEPTIC PRECEPTS.
" Suavitrr in modo, sed fortiter in re."
Not one Constitution  in a thousand,  is so
happily constructed or is  constantly inysuch^
perfecf adjustment, that the operations of the
Abdominal V^cera (on which every  other
movement  of the system depends) proceed
with healthful regularity.
  The following hints will point out to the
Reader, how tc^ employ  Art to afford t;hat
assistance* to  Nature, which in Indisposition
and Age, is so often required, and will teach
him to counteract in  the most prompt and .
agreeable manner — the effects of those acci-
dental deviations from strict Temperance,—
which sometimes overcome the most abste-
mious  philosopher — when  the  seducing 
FEPTIC  PRECEPTS.         157
charms of Conviviality  tempt him to forego
the prudent maxims of his cooler moments.
   They will help those who  have  delicate
Constitutions, to obtain their fair share of
Health  and Strength, — and  instruct  the
Weak, so   to economise the  powers they
have,  that  they  may enjoy  Life as well as
the Strong.
   To humour that desire for the marvellous,
which is so  universal in medical (as well as
in other) matters, — the makers of Aperient
Pills   generally  select  the  most Drastic
Purgatives, which operating considerably
in a dose of a few grains, excite admiration
in the  Patient, and  faith in their powers, in
proportion as a small dose produces a great
effect, — who seldom considers how irritating
such materials must be,— and consequently
Mow injurious to  a Stomach in a state of De-
bility,  and  perhaps  deranged by indulging
Appetite beyond the bounds of moderation.
   Indigestion  will  sometimes overtake the
most experienced Epicure; — when the gus- 
158  THE ART OF  INVIGORATING  LIFE.

tatory nerves are in good humour.   Hunger
and  Savory Viands will sometimes  seduce
the  Tongue  of a  " Grand Gourmand9*  to
betray the interest  of his Stomach* in  spite
of his Brains.
  On  such  an  unfortunate  occasion,—
whether the intestinal commotion be excited
by having  eaten too much, or too strong
food — lie down — have your Tea early after
Dinner —and drink it warm.
  This is a hint to help the Invalid, whose
digestion is so delicate, that it is sometimes
disordered  by a  Meal of the strictest Tem-
perance.  If the  anxiety,  &c. about the
Stomach does not  speedily abate, apply the
" Stomach  Warmer"  This  valuable  com-
panion to aged and Gouty subjects, may  be
procured at No. 58, Hay market.
  A certain degree  of  Heat is absolutely
necessary to excite and support a regular

  * "The human Stomach is capable, in the adult, of
containing about three quarts of water."   Blvmeit.-
bach's Physiology, p. 14£. 
EPTIC PRECEPTS.
159
process  of Digestion;—when the Circula-
tion  is  languid,  and the  food  difficult of
solution, in  Aged persons and  Invalids,—
External Heat will considerably assist Con-
coction, and the application  of this califa-
cient concave will  enable  the  digestive or-
gans  to overcome   refractory materials. —
and convert them into laudable Chyle.
   Unless  the Constitution is  so confound-
edly debilitated, that the Circulation cannot
run  alone — Abstinence  is  the easiest —
cheapest — and best cure  for the disorders
which arise from Indigestion or Intemperance.
I do  not  mean what Celsus  calls the first
degree of it, " when the sick  man takes no-
thing'1  but the  second, ** when he  takes
nothing but what he ought."
  The Chylopoietic  organs are  uncomfort-

  * " By adopting an abstinent plan of diet, even to a
degree that produces a sensation of want in the System,
we do that which is most likely to create appetite and
ncrease  the powers  of  digestion."—Abek.vetiit's
Surg.  Obs. 68.
                     15* 
160 THE ART OF  INVIGORATING LIFE.

able when entirely unoccupied, —when the
Stomach  is  too tired to  work,  and  too
weak to be employed on  actual service, —
it  desires  something  to be  indroduced to
it, that will entertain it till  it recovers
energy.
   After intemperate Feasting one day
let the food of the following day be Liquid,
or of such  materials as are easy of solution.
   Various  expedients have  been recom-
mended for  preventing and relieving the
disorders arising from too copious libations
of " the Regal purple Stream.''
   When a good  fellow has been sacrificing
rather  too  liberally at the shrine of the Jolly
God, the best remedy to help the Stomach to
get  rid of its burthen, is  to take for Supper
some  Gruel, (No. 572, see Index/) with
half an ounce of Butter, and a teaspoonful of
Epsom Salt in it; or two or three Peristaltic
Persuaders, — which  some  Gastropholists
take  as  provocative  to  appetite,  about
an hour before Dinner. 
P.F.PTIC PRECEPTS.
161
    Some persons  take  as a  usequiturJ' a
 drachm of Carbonate of Soda*
    Others a teaspoonful of Calcined Magnesia:
 — when immediate relief is required, never
 administer this  uncertain  medicine, which,
 if the Stomach has no Acid ready to dissolve
 it, — will remain inert; it must be taken, only
 when Heart-burn and symptoms of Acidity
 are manifest.
    As a Finale to the day of the  Feast, or
 the Overture of the day after, take ^No.481,*)
 or two drachms of Epsom Salt in half a pint
 of Beef Tea, — or some Tincture of Rhubarb
 in hot water, — the  first thing to be done, is
 to endeavour to get rid of the offending ma-
 terial.
   A Breakfast of Beef Tea* (No. 563,) is an

  * To make Beef or Mutton Tea. — Cut a pound of
 lean gravy-meat into thin slices — put it into a quart
 and half a pint of cold water—set it over a gentle fire
where it will become gradually warm — when the scum
rises catch it, cover the Saucepan close, and let it conti-
nue boiling for about two hours; skim the fat off, strain it 
162  THE  ART OF
INVIGORATING LIFE.
 excellent Restorative ; — when the Languor
following Hard Drinking is very distressing,
 indulge in  the  horizontal  posture ;  (see
 Siesta, p. 94 ;) nothing relieves it so effectu-
 ally, or  so soon cheers the Circulation, and
 sets all right; — gef an early Luncheon of
 restorative  Broth or Soup.
   Hard  drinking is doubly  debilitating
 when pursued beyond the usual hour of retiring
 to Rest,
   Those devotees to the Bottle, who never
 suffer  the orgies of Bacchus  to encroach  on
 the time which Nature demands for Sleep, —
 escape with  impunity,  many  of the evils

 through a sieve or a napkin—skim it again—let it stand
 ten minutes to settle, and then pour off the clear Tea.
 To make half a pint of Beep Tea in five minutes  for
 three halfpence, see No. 252 ; and to make good Mut-
 ton Broth for .Yothing, No. 490.
  N. B.—An Onion, and a few grains of Black Pepper
 &c. are sometimes added.  If the meat is boiled till it
 is thoroughly tender, mince it and pound it as directed
 in No.  503 of the Cook's Oracle—and you  may have
 a dish of Potted Beef for the trouble of making it* . 
             PEPTIC PRECEPTS.         163

which  soon—and  irreparably—impair the
Health of the  Midnight reveller.
   A facetious  observer of the inordinate de-
gree in which  some people will indulge {heir
Palate, to the gratification  of which they
sacrifice all their other senses, — recommends
such  to  have  their Soup seasoned with a
tasteless  purgative,  as the  Food of insane
persons sometimes  is, and so prepare their
bowels for the hard work they are going  to
give them !!
   To let  the Stomach have  a holiday occa-
sionally — i. e, a Liquid diet, of Broih and
Vegetable Soup, is one of the most agreeable
and  most wholsome  ways of restoring  its
Tone.
   If your Appetite* be  languid, take addi-

 * " II y atrois sortes d'appetits; celui que l'on e"prouve
a jeun ; sensation imperieuse qui ne chicane point sur
le mets, et  qui vous fait venir l'eau a la bouche,a l'as-
pect d'un bon ragout. Je le compare au d£sir imp^tueux
d'un jeune homme qui voitsourire la beauts q'uil aime.
— Le second appetit est celui que l'on ressentlorsque,
s'etant mis  a table sans faim, on a deja goute d'un plat 
 164  THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

 tional  Exercise in a  pure open  Air, — or
 Dine half an  hour later than  usual, and  so
 give  time for the Gastric Juices to assemble
 in  fi^l force ; — or  dine  upon  Fish — or
 Chinese Soup, i. e. Tea.
   If  these simple means  are ineffectual, —
 the next step, is to produce energetic vibra-
 tion in  the Alimentary tube, without exciting
 inordinate action, or debilitating depletion ;
 and to  empty the Bowels, without irritating
 them.
  Sometimes when the languor occasioned by
 Dyspepsia, fcfc. is extreme, the Torpor of the

 succulent, etqui a consacre le proverbe, I' appetitvient
en mangeant.   Je I'assimile a l'e'tat d'un mari dont le
 cceur  tiede s'echauffe aux premieres caresses de sa
 femme. — Le troisieme app£tit est celui qu'excite un
 mets  delicieux qui parait a la fin d'un repas, lorsque
I'estomac satisfait, I'homme sobre allait quitter la table
sans regret. Celui-la trouve son embleme dans les feux
du libertinage qui quoique illusoires, font naltre cepen-
dant quelques   plasirs r6els.   La  connaissance de
cette metaphysique de Pappetit doit guider le Cuisinier
 habile dans la composition du premier, du second et du
 troisieme service."—Cours  Gastronomique, p. 64. 
PEPTIC  PRECEEPTS.        165
System  becomes so tremendous — that no
Stimulus will help it, and the Heart feels as
if it was tired of beating — a moderate dose
of a quickly operating Aperient, i, e. half an
ounce  of Tincture  of Rhubarb,  and two
drachms of Epsom  Salts  in  a tumbler of
hot water — will speedily restore its wonted
energy.
  The  Stomach is the centre of sympathy;
— if the  most  minute fibre  of the human
frame be  hurt, intelligence of the injury in-
stantaneously arrives ; — and the Stomach is
disturbed,  in proportion to the importance
of the  Member, and the degree in which it
is offended.
  If either the Body or the Mind be fatigued,
— the Stomach invariably sympathises ; —if
the most robust do any thing too much, the
Stomach is  soon affronted; — and does too
little : — unless this main-spring of Health
be in perfect adjustment,  the  machinery of
life will vibrate  with languor ; — especially
those parts which are naturally  weak, or 
«■
 166 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

 have been injured by Accidents, &c.   Con-
 stipation is increased in costive habits — and
 Diarrhoea in  such as  are subject thereto —
 and all Chronic complaints  are exasperated,
 especially  in  persons  past  the  age  of 35
 years.
   Of the varions helps to Science, none per-
 haps more rapidly facilitate the acquirement
 of knowledge, than analogical  reasoning ;
 or illustrating an Art we are ignorant  of, by
 one we are acquainted with.
   The Human  Frame  may  be compared
 to a watch,-of which the Heart is the  Main-
 spring — the  Stomach  the  regulator, — and
 what we put into it, the Key ,hy which the
 machine is wound-up ;—according to the
quantity, —quality — and proper digestion of
what we Eat* and Drink, will be the pace of

  * "It is but increasing or diminishing the velocity
of certain fluids in the animal machine, - *o elate the
Soul with the gayest hopes, — or to sink her into the
deepestdespair: to depress the Hero int<Va Cowarfi—

                                 I 
PFPTIC  PRECEPTS.         167
 the  Pulse and the action of the System  in
 general; — when we observe a due proportion
 between the  quantum  of Exercise and that
 of Excitement,  all goes well. — If the ma-
 chine  be  disordered,  the same expedients
 are employed for its  re-adjustment, as are
 used by the Watch-maser;  it must be care-
 fully cleaned, and judiciously oiled.
   Eating Salads after Dinner, — and chilling
 the  Stomach, and  checking the progress  of
 digestion  by swilling  cold  Soda  Water  —.
 we hold to be other Vulgar  Errors.
   It is your  superfluous Second  Courses,
 — and ridiculous variety of Wines,—Liqueurs
 — Ices, Desserts, &c, — which (are served up
 more to gratify the pride of the Host, than the
 appetite of the Guests that) overcome the Sto-
mach, and paralyze Digestion, and seduce
 " Children of larger Growth" to sacrifice the
 health and comfort of several days — for the

 or advance the Coward'mto a HEno." — Fitzosborwe's
 Letters, 1. viii.
               .16 
168  THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.
Baby-pleasure of tickling their tongue for a
few minutes, with trifles and Custards!!
   Most of those who have written on what
— by a strange perversion of language — are
most non-naturally termed the non-naturals,
— have merely laid before the Public a non-
sensical register of the peculiarities of their
own Palate, and the idiosyncracies of their
own Constitution*.

* " Salt, Pepper, and Mustard, ay, Vihigar too,
    Are quite as unwholsome as Citrkt [ vow,
    All lovers of Goose, Duck, or Pig, he'll engage,
    That eat it with Onion, Salt, Pepper or Sage,
    Will find ill effects from't," and therefore no doubt
    Their prudence should tell them, — best eat it
     without !
    But, alas, these are subjects on which there's no
     reas'ning,
    For you'll still eat your Goose, Duck, or Pig, with
     its seas'ning;
    And what is far worse, notwithstanding his huffing,
    You'll make for your Hare and your Veal a good
     stuffing :
    And I fear, if a Leg of good Mutton you boil
    With Sauce of vile Capers, that Mutton you'll spoil. 
PEPTIC PRECEPTS.           169
   Some omnivorous Cormorants have sucn an
 ever-craving Appetite,  that  tney are raging
 with hunger as soon as they open their Eyes,
 — and  bolt  half a dozen hard Eggs before
 they are well awake ;—Others  are  so per-
 fectly  restored by that  u chief nourisher in
 Lite's feast," Balmy  sleep, that they do not
 think about Eating, — till they have been up
 and actively employee for several hours.

   And tho', as you think, to procure good Digestion,
   A mouthful of Cheese is the best thing in question:
   " In Gath do not tell, nor in Askalon blab it,
   You're strictly forbidden to eat a  Welsh Babbit."
   And Breed,  " the main staff of our life," some will
    call
   No more nor  no less, — than " the worst  thing of
    all." -
   See  The Lady's Address to  Willy Cadogan in his
Kitchen, 4to. 3 771.
  Some minute  Philosopher has published an 8vo.
pamphlet of 56 pages ! on the omnipotent " virtues of
a Crust of Bread eaten early in the morning fasting ! /"
We have no doubt it is an admirable Specific for that
grievous disorder of the Stomach called Hunger. 
 170 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

   The strong Food, which the strong action
 of  strong bodies require — would soon de-
 stroy weak ones, — if the latter attempt to
 follow the example of the former,— instead
 of feeling invigorated, their  Stomachs  will
 be as oppressed, as a Porter is  with a load
 that is too heavy for him, — and, under the
idea of  swallowing what are called strength-
 ening nourishing things, — will very soon
 make themselves ready for the Undertaker.
  Some people  seem to think, that the more
 plentifully they stuff themselves, the better
 they must thrive, and the stronger they must
grow.
  It is  not the quantity that we swallow, —
 but that which is properly digested, which
 nourishes us.
  A moderate  meal well digested,  renders
 the body vigorous, — glutting it with super-
 fluity, (which is only turned into excrement
 instead of aliment, and if not speedily eva-
 cuated,) not only oppresses the System^but
 produces all sorts of Disorders. 
PEPTIC PRECEPTS.
171
   Some are continually  inviting Indigestion,
—■ by eating Water-creeses, or other undressed
Vegetables*,  *4 to sweeten their Blood," — or
 Oysters •* to enrich it." — Others fancy their
Dinner cannot  digest till  they have  closed
the orifice  of their  Stomachs  with a certain
portion of  Cheese,—if the  preceding Dinner
has been a  light- one, a little  bit of Cheese
after   it may not do much  harm, but  its
character for encouragiug concoction  is un-
deserved, — there is  not  a more absurd Vul-
 gar Error, than the often  quoted proverb, that
          " Cheese is a surly Elf,
            Digesting all things but itself."
A Third never eats Goose, &c. without re-
 membering that Brandy or Cayenne is  the
Latin  for it.
   A  much less portion of stimulus is neces-
sary after  a  hearty meal of califactive ma*

  * " Are very crude indigestible materials for a weak
 Stomach, unless warmed by (No. 372) ; — with the
assistance of which, and plenty of Pepper you may eat
even Cucumber with impunity.
                     16* 
 172 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

 terials, such as good Beef or Mutton — than
 after a maigre Dinner of Fish, &c.
   Another Vulgar  Error  in the school of
 Good  living, is, that " Good Eating  requires
 Good drinking.1' — Good eating generally im-
 plies  high  seasoned Viands, — the  savoury
 Herbs, and stimulating Spices with  which
 these  Haut-Gouts are sprinkled  and stuffed
 he.  are sufficient to encourage the digestive
 faculties to work *' con amore"  without any
 " douceur" of Vinous irrigation, —  but ma-
 ny persons make it a rule, after eating Pig,
 he.  to take a glass of Liqueur or Eau de Vie,
 he. — or, as when  used  in  this manner,  it
 would be as properly called, " eaa du mortf-
   Indigestion, or, to use the term of the
 day, A Bilious Attack, —as often arises
from over-exertion,  or  Anxiety of Mind,
 — as  from refractory Food; it frequently
 produces  flatulence*,   and  flatulence
  * Dr. Kadcliffe, who succeeded better  by speak-
 ing plainly to his Patients, than some of his successors
 have by the most subtle PoUteness,—when asked what 
             PEPTIC PRECEPTS.          173

 produces Palpitation of the Heart: which is
 most  difficult  to  stop, when  it comes on
 about an hour or two after a  Meal; — the
 Stomach seems incapable  of proceeding in
 its business, from being over-distended with
 wind, which pressing on the  Heart and lar
 ger vessels, obstructs the  Circulation  : a
 soon as  this flatulence is dispelled, all goes
 well again : — inflating the Lungs to  the ut-
 most, i. e. taking in as much breath as  you
 can, and holding it as long as you can,  will
 sometimes act  as a counterbalance, and pro-
 duce relief.
   This is the first thing to do when this dis-
 tressing spasm attacks  you,—  it it  is  not
 immediately checked; take a strong Pepper-
 mint Ginger Lozenge, (see page 99), sit, —
                                 t,.
 was the best Remedy for Wind in the Stomach, replied,
 " That which will  expel it quickest" — inquiring of
 the Ventose subject whether the Wind passed per As-
censum, velper Descensum, observing, — that the  for-
 mer is the most aggravated state of Ventriloquism, the
latter a sign that  the Bowels  are recovering their
Healthful Tone. 
174 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

or if possible lie down  and loosen  all liga-
tures ; the horizontal  posture and  perfect
quiet are grand Panaceas in this disorder ;
— if  these  do  not  settle  it, drink some
stimulus ; sometimes   a teacupful  of hot
water, with  a teaspoonful of common salt  in
it,  will suffice, — or a  couple of glasses  of
Wine, — or  one of Brandy in one of hot wa-
ter ; either  of these will generally soon re-
store sufficient energy to the  Stomach, to en-
able it to expel the enemy that offends  it, and
set the circulation freely to work again. — If
these means are not immediately efficacious,
take half an  ounce of  Tincture oj Rhubarb
in a quarter pint of hot  v\ ater, — or three  or
four Peristaltic Persuaders,  with half a pint
of hot water.
   If this complaint comes on when the Bow-
els are costive, — they must be put  into mo-
tion as speedily  as  possible, by  some  of
the  means  recommended in the following
pages.
   It  will sometimes  come on  during the 
PEPTIC  PRECEPTS.
175
collapsed state of the system  from fasting
too LONG.
   Those who take no Food between an early
Breakfast — and  a  late  Dinner — for
fear,  as  they term it, of spoiling the  latter
meal, — generally complain of Flatulence, -—
Languor, Loxuness of Spirits, fc?c. (and those
who  are troubled by a Cough,  have often a
paroxysm of it,) for the hour or more before
Dinner ;— and Heartburn, he, after it: —
the former arising from fasting  too long, the
latter from indyjging an  Appetite so over
excited, that a" Baron  of Beef,  a  Pail of
Port  Wine, and a Tubful of Tea, will hardly
satisfy it.
  The languor of Inanition, and the fever of
Repletion, may  be easily avoided by eating
a Luncheon, — solid and nutritive,  in pro-
portion as the Dinner is protracted, and the
activity of the  Exercise to be  taken in the
mean-time.
  The oftener you eat,  the less ought to be
eaten at a time ; and the  less you eat at a
time, the oftener you ought to eat: —a weak 
 176 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

 Stomach has a much better chance of digest-
 ing two light meals, than one heavy one.
   The stomach should be allowed  time to
 empty itself, before we fill it again.
   There is not only a considerable difference
 in  the digestibility   of various   Foods, —
 but also of the  time  required by different
 Stomachs to digest them — the sign of which,
 is the return of Appetite.
   The  digestion of  Aliment is perfect, and
 quickly  performed,  in  proportion  to  the
 keenness  of our Appetite at  the  time of
 taking it — more or less perfect Mastication
 — and the vigorous  state  of  the   organs of
 Digestion,—-as  a general rule, the  interval
of Fasting should seldom be less  than three,
 nor more  than  five  hours*, — Digestion

  • " My Stomach digests food so slowly, that I cannot
 study for five o» six hours after a very sparing dinner.'
 — Spallawzaht on Digestion, &c, vol. i. p. 280.
  " [f the quantity of Food be given, its Quality will
 cause a difference in the time of digesting; for instance,
 slimy  and viscid  meats are longer in digesting in ' he
 Stomach than meats of a contrary nature : the flesh of
 some joung animalsisnot so soon digested as the flesh 
PEPTIC PRECEPTS.          177
being  generally   completed   within  that
time.

of the same animals arrived at their full growth: thus
Veal and Lamb are not so soon digested as Beef and
Mutton.
  " A man who took a vomit every second night for
some months,  observed, that when  he had  taken
Chicken for Dinner, he always threw it up undigested,
but never threw up any of his Food undigested when
he made his Dinner of Beef or Mutton." — Bryan Ro-
binson on the  Food and Discharge of Human Bodies
1748, p. 95.
   Beef and Mutton seem to give less trouble to the
Editor's Stomach than any kind of Poultry.
   The following  is copied  from Dr. Scudamore on
Gout,  2d. Edition, p.  509, being some of the experi-
ments related by  Mr. Astley  Cooper in his lecture de-
livered at the  Royal  College  of Surgeons, in 1814,
which have only been published in Dr. S.'sbook, who
informs us, they were performed upon Dogs, with a
view to ascertain the comparative  solvent power of
the gastric juice upon different articles of food.
                  " Experiment 5.
  Food.    Form.    Quantity.   Animal killed.     Lossby
 n u       c       - „ ^  .                  Digestion.
 Cheese.  Square. 100 pints.  4 hours.         76.
 Mutton.  ----    ----      ____          g5_
 Pork.    ----    ----      ----          36.'
 Veal.    ----    ----      ---,      ~    15.
 Beef.    ---- .  -—■      ----           U, 
 178 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

    The Fashion of A. D. 1820 has introduced
 a much longer fast (u a windy recreation,"
 as Father Paul assures the lay brother) than
 even  the  elasticity of  robust  Health  can
 endure,  without  distressing the adjustment
 of the System, — and creating such an over-
 excited appetite, that the Stomach does  not
 feel it has had enough, — till it finds that it
 has been crammed too much*.
                " Experiment 6.
 Food.   Form.     Quantity.    Animal killed.    dJr rton.
 Beef. Long & Nar. 100 pints.  2 hours.        0
 Rabbit.   ----    ----     ----          0
 Cod Fish. ---     ----    ——        74
                " Experiment 9.
 Roast Veal Do.   100 pints.  2 hours.        7
 Boiled do. Do.     ----    ----         30
  * " Those who have weak  stomachs, will be better
 able to digest their food, if they take their meals at
 regular hours; because they  have both the stimulus
 of the aliment they  take, and the periodical habit
to assist digestion." — Darwin's  Zoonomia,  vol i.
p. 454.
  " We often tease and disorder our Stomachs by fast-
ngfortoolong aperiod,and when we have thus brought
on what 1 may call a discontented state of the organ,
unfitting it for its office, we set to  a meal, and fill it to 
PEPTIC PRECEPTS.
179
      " When Hunger* calls, obey, nor often wait
      Till hunger sharpen to corrosive pain;
      For the keen appetite will feast beyond
      What nature well can bear."
   This  important  truth — we  would most
 strongly press on the consideration of Those
 who attend our Courts of Law and Par-
 liament.
   Many industrious  Professional  men, in
 order to add a lew pounds to their Income
 — in a few years are quite worn out — from
 their  digestive  faculties being  continually
.disordered and fretted for want of  regular
 supplies of Food: and sufficient Sleep,
   An Egg boiled in the shell for five minutes,
 or Les Tablettes de Bouillon (No. 252), and a
 bit of Bread, is a convenient provision against

 its utmost, regardless of its powers or its feelings." —
 Abernethy'b Surg. Obs. p. 70.
   * " A Philosopher being asked  what was the best
 time to  dine, answered,—For a Rich man, when he
 could get a Stomach; — for a Poor man, when he
 could get Meat."
                         17 
*
 180   THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

 the former — the Siesta (see page 94) is the
 best Antidote for the latter.
   The sensation of Hunger arises from the
 Gastric juices  acting upon the  coats of the
 Stomach — how  injurious it must be to fast
 so long, that  by neglecting to supply it with
 some alimentary substance which  this  fluid
 was  formed to dissolve,—.the .Stomach be-
 comes in danger of bein^ digested  itself.' !!
   Those who feel a gnawing, as they call it,
 in  their .Stomach, .should  not wait  till the
 stated hour of dinner,'bo<,eat a  little forth-
 with, that  the'Stomach'may have something
 to  work upon.  ,.'    V
   By too lor.g Fasting,_'Wind'accumulates in
 the Stomachy, especially  of those tvho  have
 passed the  meridian of Life — and  .produces
 a distressing'Klratulence -r- •Lang^ufpri—•' F .int-
■ness — Giddiness'-,Palpitat?bn*o^>lj4.Ljeart,
 tics}                  '  '''\'Ul*   "
   JF.rhe- Morning  has been  occupied, by
 anxiety in Bdsiness, —or the Mind ar Body
 is fatigued Uy ovtr-exertion  these sy mptoms
 
           Peptic precepts.          181

will sometimes come on about  an hour or
two before the usual time of Dining, — well
masticating a bit of Biscuit,^ind letting a
strong Peppermint Lozenge (see  page 99)
dissolve in the mouth as  soon as you feel the
first   symptoms  of Flatulence,— will  often'
pacify the Stomach, and  prevent the increase
of these complaints.
   Dr.  Whytt,  whose   observations  on
Nervous  Disorders, (like  this  work), are,
valuable,  inasmuch as they  are the authentic
narrative of his own Experience — says, page
344.,  " When my  Stomach  has been  weafkv
after  I have  been indis^le^ed, I have  (>fter|
found myself much  better for  a glasi' of
Claret and a  bit of bread, an  hour or more
before Dinner, and I  have ordered it in the
same  way to others, and  again in the evening,
an hour  or  more before Supper,  with ad-
vantage.
   There is no doubt of the  propriety of Dr
 W.'s prescription, the  Editor's own  feeling^
 'jear  witness to  it.  For those who are just
                                     *~ .**.

                                      "■ ■ ■*'*,,
                                      ■'■"■"'*'.. 
 182  THE  ART. OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

 recovering from  Diseases which have  left
 them in  a  state of great Debility, a glass oE
 W ine and a tut of Bread, — or a cup of good
 Beef Tea, (see page 96) are perhaps as good
 Tonics  as any, — they  not  only remove
 Languor, but at the same time furnish 'Nutri-
 ment.
    We have known weak Stomachs, when
 kept fasting beyond the time they expected,—
 become so exhausted — they would refuse to
 receive  any solid  Food,— until restored  to
 go  d temper,— and  wound  up  by  some
 Wine, or other stimulus — as Instinct pro-
 posed.         ^.^
  Feeble Persons who  are subject  to such
 sudden  attacks, should always travel armed
with a Pocket Pistol charged with  a couple
of glasses  of  White  Wine, or, " Veritable
Eau de Vie,n — a  Biscuit, and some strong
Peppermint or Ginger Lozenges, or see " Ta-
bltttes de Rouillon  (No. 2.52) :—when their
Stomach  is uneasy  from  emptiness,  he.
these crutches will support the  Circulation, 
PEPTIC  PRECEPTS.
183
 — and considerably diminish, and sometimes
 entirely  prevent the  distressing effects which
 Invalids suffer from  too long a  Fast *.

   * " When four hours be past, after Breakfast, a man
 may safely taste his Dinner,— the most  convenient
 time for Dinner,  is about eleven of the clocke before
 noone,— in 1570, this was the usual time of serving it
 in the University of Oxford,— elsewhere about noone,
 — it commonly consisted of boyledbiefe, with pottage,
 bread and beere, and no more,— the quantity of biefe
 was in value an  halfe-penny for  each mouth,— they
 supped at five of the clocke in the Afternoon."— Vide
 CogAn's Haven of Health 15»4, p. 187-
  Early hours were as Genteel in Br. -Cogan's time, as
 late ones are now,  1831% .♦
  "Perhaps none  of our Old Knglis,h customs  have
 undergone so thorough a change, as the hours of rising,
 — taking refreshment —- the number of meals pep day
— and the time of retiring, to rest.           %
  " The'stately dames of Ed-tfard l-V.'s Court, rose m*h>
the Lark, despatched the'ir.dtnuer~at eievenffolqck in
the forenoon, and  shortly after eight  w^re .wi-t.pt in
slumber— How would these reasonable people (reas-
onable at least in this respect) be astonished coufd they
but be witness to the present distribution Of "time
among the 6hildren of Fashion! —. Would- they mot eall
                     17* 
184 THE  ART OF  INVIGORATING  LIFE.

   What a contrast there is between the ma
terials of the morning meal A. D. 1550, when
Queen  Elizabeth's Maids of Honour began
the  dav with  a Round of Beef, —or a Red
Herring, and aflaggon of Ale— and in 1821,
wh< »  ihe  Sp <risman, and  even  the  day-
Labourer,   breakfast on  what Cooks  call
" Chinese  SoupV i. e. Tea.
   Swift  has jocosely observed, such is the

the perverse conduct of those who rise at one or two,
dine at eight, — and retire to bed when the morning
is unfolding all its glories, and nature putting on her
most pleasing aspect, — absolute insanity !! "— War.
neh's Antiq. Cul  p. 134.    *
  •« The modern hours of eating are got to an excess
that is perfectly ridiculous. No»\,  what do people get
by this ?  If they make  Dinner their principal Meal,
and do not wish to pall their appetite by eating before
it - they injure their health.  Then  in Winter they
have twoJiours of candlelight before Dinner, and in
Summer they are at table, during the  pleasantest part
of the  lay; and all this, to  get a Long Mousing,—
for Idle People, to whom one would suppose the shortest
morning would seem too Long."—- Pie's Sketches, 12mo.
1797, p.  174. 
PEPTIC PRECEPTS.
185
extent of modern Epicurism, that " the World*
must be encompassed—before a Washerwoman
can sit down to Breakfast," i. e. by a voyage
to the East for Tea, and to the West  for
Sugar.
   In  the Northumberland  Household
Book  for  1512,  we are informed that  *k a
Thousand Pounds was  the sum annually  ex-
pended in Housekeeping, — this maintained
166   Persons, —• and the  Wheat  was then
5*. 8d. per quarter.
   " The  Family rose at six in the morning,
— my Lord and my Lady had set on their
Table for Breakfast,  at Seven  o'clock in
the morning.
             A quart of Beer,

  * Mr. Peck, Grocer, &c, No. 175, Strand, has printed
a very ingenious chart of the " Geographic de la Gour-
mandise."—" A Map of the four quarters of the World,
intended to  show the different parts from whence all
the articles in his catalogue are imported." — See also
H Caste GASTKoiroMivrE, de ia  fbawcz," prefixed
to that entertaining work, " Coubs Gastrokomiq.ue,''
8vo. 1809.' 
 186 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFT..

            A quart  of Wine,
            Two pieces of Salt Fish,
            Haifa dozen Red Herrings,
            Four white ones, and
            A Dish of Sprats  !! !
   They dined  at  Ten — Supped at  Four
in the afternoon, — The Gates were all shut
at nine, and no further ingress or egress per-
mitted/'—See pages 314 and 318.
          Bur. now, A. D. 1821,
      " The Gentleman who dines the latest
       Is, in our Street, esteemed the greatest;
        But surely gi eater than them all,
        Is he who never Dines* at all."

            Dinners  at Night,
                     A1TD
          Suppers in  the  :}Iorning,
  A few Cautionary Hints to modern Fashionables.—
      The Ancients did delight, forsooth,
      To sport in allegoric Truth ;
  * " A Wag, on being told it was the fashion to dine
later and later every day, said, He supposed it would
end at last in not dining till to-morrr- > 
PEPTIC PRECEPTS.
18F
 Apollo, as we long have read since,
 Was God of Music, and of Med'cines.
 In Prose, Apollo is the Sun,
 And when he has his course begun,
 The allegory then implies
 ' Tis Time for wise men to arise;
 For ancient sages all commend
 The morning, as the Muses friend ;
 But modern wits are seldom able
 To sift the moral of this fable ;—
 But give to Sleep's oblivious power
 The treasures of the morning hour,
 And leave reluctant, and with Pain,
 With feeble nerve, and muddy Brain,
 Their favorite couches late at noon,
 And quit them then perhaps too soon,
 Mistaking by a sunblind sight
 The Night for Day — and Day for Night.
Quitting their healthful guide Apollo,
What fatal follies do they follow !
Dinners, at night — and in the Morn
Suppers, serv'd up as if in scorn
Of Nature's wholesome regulations,
Both in their Viands and Potations.
Besides, Apollo is M. D.
As all Mythologists agree, 
188   THE ART OF INVIGORTAING LIFE.
And skill'd in Herbs and all their virtues,
As well as Ay ton is, or Curtis.
No doubt his excellence would stoop
To dictate a Receipt for Soup,
Show as much skill in dressing Sallad,
As in composing of a Ballad.
' Twixt health and Riot draw a line,
And teach us How — and When — to dine,
The Stomach, that great Organ, soon,
If overcharg'd is out of tune,
Blown  up with Wind that sore annoys
The Ear with most unhallow'd noise !!
Now all these Sorrows and Diseases
A man may fly from if he pleases j
For rising early will restore
His powers to what they were before,
Teach  him to Dine at Nature's call,
And to sup lightly, if at all j
Teach  him each morning to preserve
The active brain, and steady nerve ;
Provide him with a share of Health
For the pursuit of fame, or wealth ;
And leave the folly of Night Dinners
To Fools and Dandies, and Old Sinners !! !"
That  distressing  interruption  of  the  C 
Peptic  precepts.          189
   culation  which is  called <l Nightmare,"
   " Globus Hystericus,'* '« Spasms," " Cramp,"
   or " Gout," in the Stomach, with which few
   who have passed the Meredian of Life*, are

     * " It is at the commencement of Decline, i. e. about
   dur 40th year, that the Stomach begins to require pe-
   culiar care and precaution.   People1 who have been
   subject to Indigestions before, have them then more
   frequent and more violent; and those who have never
   been so afflicted, begin to suffer them from slight caus-
   es : a want of attention to which too frequently leads
  to the destruction of the best constitutions, especially
  of the studious, who neglect to take due exercise. The
  remedy proposed is Ipecacuanha, in a dose that will
  not occasion any nausea ;  but enough to excite such
  an increased action of the vermicular movement of
  the stomach, that the  phlegm may be separated and
  expelled from that organ.
    " The  effects of it  surpassed his  most sanguine
  hopes : by the use  of it, notwithstanding he  had na-
  turally a  delicate  constitution, he  weathered the
♦ storms o£ the Revolution," &c, and lived to be 84.
  •' .Thg above ie an. extract from Dr. Buchan's transla-
  tion W;M>. D^cbenton's .Observations on Indigestion.
  This tr*ati&tf>rdught Ipecacuanha  Lozenges into  fa- 
 190   THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

 so fortunate as not to be too well acquaint-
 ed, we believe to arise from the same causes
 — which in the day produce  Palpitation of
 the Heart.
   The Editor is now in his forty-third year,
 and has  been from  his youth occasionally
 afflicted with both these disorders ; some-
 times  without  being able to imagine what
 has produced them : — sometimes he has not
 been attacked with either of these complaints
 for many  months ; they have  then  seized
 him for a week or more, — and as unaccount-
 ably ceased.
   The Nightmare  has generally come on
 about three  o'clock in the morning,— at the
 termination of the first, or rather at the com-
 mencement of the second sleep; — quite  as
 often  when  he has taken only  a  liquid or
 very light supper, — as when he  has eaten

 shion, as the most easy and agreeable manner of taking
 it: they contain about one-sixth of a grain, and are
prepared and sold by Savor* and Moo be, Chemists, in
Bond Street. 
PEPTIC PRECEPTS.          19|
  some solid food, and gone to bed soon after;
  — and most frequently after he  has Dined*
  out : not from the quantity, but the  quality
  of the  food  and  drink he  has  taken, the
  change of the time of taking it.  The .fatigue
  attending  his  performance  of Amphytrion
  at his own table, has also occasionally pro-
  duced it.
    It  appears  to  be occasioned  by want of
  Action  in  the  System, being generally pre-
 ceded by Languor — (which, if not removed,
 may proceed to produce — Palsy — or Death,)
 caused either by depression of the power of

   * Delicate people, who are accustomed to dine at a
 certain hour, on certain  food, &c, are generally de-
 ranged as often as they dine out, and change the hour,
 &c.
  The Editor has a patient who never Dines out without
 suffering  severely for several days after — not from
 over-eating or drinking, &c, but from the change of
 Diet, and the time of taking it. His  habit is to make a
 hearty meal off one dish at Five o'clock, and drink
with it some good heartening home-brewed Beer, and
two or three glasses of Wine — that has not been
kept till it has lost its best qualities.
                   18 
 192  THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

 the  Heart by anxiety, — obstruction of the
 peristaltic motion by the oppression of indi-
 gestible matter, — or interruption of  the per-
 formance of  the restorative process.
   It is certainly not to be prevented by Ab-
 stinence, for during the time that the Editor
 was trying the effect of a spare diet,  he was
 most frequently afflicted with it. — See Obs.
 on Sleep, &c.  It is only to be relieved by
 Stimulants,  and in an  extreme case — by
 quickly acting Aperients, &c.  See following
 pages.
   Some persons are peculiarly subject to  it
 when they lie on their back, — others  if on
 their  left side : —when the  Editor  has any
 disposition  to  this  malady, it is  certainly
 exasperated if he lays upon'his right  side,—
 especially during the first part of the  Night,
 — it is  a good Custom to lay one half of the
 Night on one side, and the other half on the
other.
   When this appalling cause of the  Circula-
tion  takes place—he wakes, with the idea 
PEPTIC  PRECEPTS.
19 J
that  another  minute of such suspended  ac-
tion  will terminate his Existence :— his first
recourse is to force the action of the Lungs,
by breathing  as  quick and as  deep as pos-
sible. — He feels very languid, — and to pre-
vent a return of the  fit, drinks a couple  of
glasses of White Wine,— or half a wine-glass
of Brandy, in a wine-glass  of Peppermint
Water.
  Sometimes  the   Disorder does  not ter-
minate  with  one  paroxysm, but  recurs  as
soon as Sleep returns: — when  this is  the
case, get half a tumbler of Hot Water, add
to it a wine-glass of Peppermint Water, and
half that quantity of Tincture of Rhubarb, or
fifty  drops of Sal Volatile, or both.
 ■ The symptom of security from a repetition
of the Fit, is a vermicular sensation, betoken-
ing that the peristaltic motion, and the Cir-
culation is restored to its regular pace again.
  His  belief  that many sudden  and  unac-
countable  Deaths  in  the  night have arisen
from Invalids not  knewing how to manage 
 194  THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

 this Disorder,  induces the  Editor  to relate
 his own personal experience concerning it —
 and the Remedies which he has found effec-
 tual to removefit.
     " Non ignara mali, miseris succurrere disco."
  The case is very similar to what Dr. Whytt
 relates  of himself,  in  his Observations  on
 Nervous Hysteric, and Hypochondriac Dis-
 orders,  8vo.  1767* ; by which, Dr. Cullen,
  • Dr. W. says : " When the Stomach is in a sound
 state, and Digestion is properly performed, the spirits
 are good, and the Body is light and  easy; but when
 that organ is out of order, a languor, debility, discon-
 tent, melancholy watchfulness, or troublesome dreams,
 the nightmare, &c. are the consequences. I have often
 been seized with a slight Incubus, attended with a
 faintness, as if the  circulation was a good deal ob-
 structed before I was fully asleep, which has made me
 get up suddenly : while I lay awake I felt nothing of
these symptoms, except  some degree of uneasiness
 about my stomach: but when I was just  about to fall
asleep they began to return again." " In this way I have
gone on for two or three hours or more.in the beginning
of the night.  At last, I found that a dram of Brandy
after the first attack kept me easy the whole night," 
             PEPTIC  PRECEPTS.          195

in p. 10 of  his Clinical Lectures, says, *' he
has done.more than all his predecessors."
   Mr.  Waller has written a very sensible
Essay on  the  Nightmare^those who  are
much afflicted with it, cannot lay out 3s.  6d.
better, than in buying his book — 12mo. 1816.
He says, " it most frequently proceeds  from
acidity  in  the  Stomach,  and recommends
Carbonate oj Soda, to be  taken in the  Beer

p. 312. " When affected with uneasy sensations from
wind, I have not only been sensible of a general debility
and flatness of spirits, but the unexpected opening of a
door, or any such trifling unforeseen accident, has in-
stantly occasioned an odd sensation about my heart,
extending itself to my head and arms, &c.  At other
times, when my stomach is in a firmer state, I have no
such feeling :  at least, in a very small degree, from
causes which might be thought more apt to produce
them.   Fainting, Tremors, Palpitations of the Heart,
convulsive motions, and all those  disorders which are
called nervous, &c. &c. are often owing more to the
infirm state of the first passages, than to any fault either
in the'Brain or Heart," p. 132,  8cc.
   Dr. Whytt died A. D. 1766, "in  his 52d year.
                       18* 
196  THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

you Drink at dinner."  He tells us " he de-
rived his information, as to the cause, and
cure of this distressing disorder, from a per-
sonal acquaintance with it for many years."
   How devoutly  it is  to  be  wished that
all  Authors would follow good old Syden-
ham  and  Mr.  Waller's  example,— and
g^ve us a register of the  progress of  those
chronic complaints which they have them-
selves been afflicted with, and the  regimen,
Sec. which they have found most effectual to
alleviate and cure  them ; — and, instead  of
what  they  think, — write only  what  they
know,— as  the pains-taking  Sanctorius
— Spallanzani, — Bryan   Robinson,__
and the persevering and minutely accurately
observing Dr. Stark have in their  Dietetical
Experiments.
  Dr. Whytt has immortalized himself by
the candid  relation of his  own infirmities
and his circumstantial account of  the Regi-
men,  &c.  which enabled him to  bear up
against them, —which forms  the most va- 
PEPTIC  PRECEPTS.
197
 luable collection of observations on Nervous
 Complaints,  that  experience and liberality
 have yet presented to the public.
  One page of personal experience, is
 worth folios of theoretic Fancies — or Clini'
 cal Cases, which can only be  illuminated by
 the twilight of conjecture :-—they may be
 faithful narratives  of the  accounts given by
 Patients, yet, as these are very often impos-
 ed upon by their imagination attributing ef-
 fects to very different causes than those which
 produce them, they are often very inaccurate
 deductions.
  The Delicate and the  Nervous, will
derive the greatest advantage from keeping
a Register of their  Health, — they should
note, and avoid whatever disagrees with them,
— and endeavor to ascertain,  what kind  and
quantity of  Food—Exercise —Occupation
and  Pleasures, &c. are  most  agreeable to
 their  constitution,  and take  them at those
regular periods which appear most convenient
to them.  However this  advice may  excite 
198  THE  ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

the  smiles of those who are swelling " in all
the pride  of superfluous  Health," such  me-
thodical movements will  considerably  im-
prove the enjoyment, and prolong the  life of
the Valetudinary and the  Aged :  for whom,
Instinct is the best Guide   in  the  choice of
Aliment.
   None  but  the most obstinately ignorant
Visionary, would dream of laying down ab-
solute  Rules*  for governing the caprice  and

  • " Physicians appear to be too strict and particular
in their rules of diet and regimen ; too anxious attention
to those rules hath often hurt those who were well, and
added unnecessarily to the distresses of the  sick —
Whether meat should be boiled or roasted, or dressed
in any other plain way,  and what sort of vegetables
should be eaten with it, I never yet met with any person
of common  sense (except  in acute illness) whom  I
did not think much fitter to choose for himself, than I
was to determine for him."—Dr. Heberdex on Diet.
  " When the Stomach is weak, it seems particularly
necessary that our food should be nutritive and easy of
digestion.
  " I may further observe, that its qualities should be
adapted to the feelings of the Stomach. 
PEPTIC  PRECEPTS.
199
 whims of the infirm Stomachs of Crazy Vale-
 tudmareans.  Codes of Dietetics* are almost
 useless, — the  suggestions  of  Reason  are
 often  in  direct opposition to  the desires of
 Appetite.
   In most matters regarding the adjustment
 of that supreme  organ of  existence,—the

   " In proof of this proposition,  numerous instances
 might  be  mentioned of apparently unfit substances
 agreeing with the Stomach, being digested and even
 quieting an irritable state of the  Stomach, merely
 because they were suitable to its feelings.  Instances
might also be mentioned of changes in Diet producing
a tranquil and healthy state of stomach m cases where
medicines  had been tried  in vain."— Abernethy
Surg. Obs. p. 68.
  * " A Fool, or a Phtsician at Forty, is an adage
 containing more truth than is commonly believed.—
He who has not by that time learned to observe the
causes of self-disorder— shows little signs of wisdom ;
and He who has carefully noted the  things which
create disorder in himself, must by his own experience
possess much knowledge, that a Physician at a pop vi-
sit ought not to pretend to." — Domestic Management*
1813, p. xxxvi. 
 200  THE  ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

 Stomach, — " honest   Instinct*   comes  a
 Volunteer." — Ventriloquism seldom fails to

   *  " Grillus, who, according to the  doctrine of
 Transmigration, (as Plutarch tells us) had, in his turn,
 been a Beast, discourses how much better he fed and
 lived then, than when he was turned to Man again, as
 knowing then what food was best and most proper for
 him, which Sarcophagists (flesh eaters) in  all this time
 were yet to seek." —- Eviltn's Acetana, 12mo. 1699,
 p. 86.
 "Instinct than reason makes more wholesome Meals."
                                        Young.
  " My Appetite is in several things of itself happily
 enough accomodated to the health of my Stomach :
 whatever I take against my liking does me harm ; but
 nothing hurts me that I eat with appetite and delight."
— Vide honest  Montaigne's Essay on   Experience,
book iii. chap. xiii.
  " The Stomach gives information when the supplies
have been expended, and represents with great exact-
 ness the quantity and quality of whatever is wanted
in the present state of the machine, and, in proportion
as it  meets with neglect, rises in its demand, and ur-
 ges its petition with a louder voice." — I)n. Wm. Hun-
 ter's Introductory Lecture, 4to. p.  81.
  "Take Food in proportion to the quantity of nou- 
PEPTIC  PRECEPTS.          201
 make out a fair title, to be called " unerring."
 A due respect to the  suggestions of Instinct,

 rishment contained in it, of which the Stomach ap-
 pears from  Instinct to be  capable of judging." —
 J. Hunter on the Animal Economy, 4to. p. 221.
   " Prompted by Instinct's never erring power,
    Each creature knows its proper aliment,
    Directed, bounded  by  this power within,
    Their cravings are  well aimed ;  Voluptuous Man,
    Is by superior faculties misled ;
    Misled from pleasure — even in quest of Joy."
              Armstrong's Art of Preserving Health.
   " Our Stomach is, in general, a pretty good Judge
 of what is best for it, — thousands have perished for
 being inattentive to its calls — for one  who has impli-
 citly obeyed them/' —  Dr. Smith's Guide in Sickness
 8vo. p. 59.
 " In every case wherein we wish to preserve strength
as in  most chronical complaints) we  should  be  ex-
tremely cautious in prescribing a rigid regimen,__
especially if it is intended  to be long continued." —
" Things disagreeable  to the palate, seldom  digest
well, or contribute to the nourishment of the Body."
— Falconer on Diet, pp. 7, and 8.
  " What is most grateful to the palate, sits most easy
on the Stomach."— Adair on Diet, p. 28. 
202  THE ART  OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

every Invalid will find, highly advantageous,
— natural longing has frequently pointed out
Food — by which Acute Diseases have been
cured,  when the most consummate medical
skill was at fault, and Life at its lowest ebb.
  It is needless to insist upon the importance
of Diet and Regimen in Chronic Disorders.
  Be content with One* Dish, — from want
of submission to this salutary rule of  Tern-

  "Longings  directed by the pure guidance of In-
stinct, and not arising merely from opinion, may not
only be satisfied with Impunity, but generally be in-
dulged in with advantage."— Withers on the Abuse
of Medicine, 8vo. p. 233.
  *  " As to the quality of food, although whatever is
easy of digestion, singly considered, deserves the pre-
ference, yet regard must  be had to the palate and  to
the  appetite, because it is frequently found, that what
the Stomach earnestly covets, though of difficult di-
gestion,  does nevertheless digest better than what is
esteemed of easier digestion if the Stomach nauseates
it: I am of opimon the patient ought to eat only  of
one  dish at a meal." Sydenham on Gout.
  " Every Animal but Man keeps to one dish — Herbs 
PEPTIC  PRECEPTS.
203
 perance—as  many  men dig  their  grave
 with their  Teeth, as with the  Tankard;—
 Drunkenness  is   deplorably  destructive,
 but her demurer sister  Gluttony destroys
 an hundred to her one.
   Instinct  speaks  pretty  plainly  to those
 whose instruments of Digestion are in a de-
 licate state — and  is   an  infinitely  surer
 guide than  any Dietetic rules  that can be
 contrived.
   That  the Food  which we fancy most —
 generally sits easiest on the Stomach — is a
 fact  which the  experience of almost every
 individual can  confirm.
   The functions  of Digestion go on merrily
 when exercised by Aliment  which the  Sto-
 mach asks for — they  often  labour in vain
 when we eat merely because it is  the  usual

 are the food of this species — Fish of that — and Flesh
of a third."—Spectatoh,  No. 95.
  " Be content with one dish at a meal, in the choice
of that consult your  palate."— Mandeviele on Hypo-
condriasis, p. 316.
                        19 
 204>  the art of  invigorating  LIFE.

 hour of  Dining — or  out of necessity,  to
 amuse  the  Gastric juices, and "lull  the
 grinding  Stomach's hungry  rage."
   To affirm that anv thing is wholesome, or
 unwholesome, — without considering the sub-
ject in all  tne circumstances to which it bears
 relation, and the unaccountable  peculiarities
 of different Constitutions, — is, with submis-
 sion, talking nonsense.
   Let every Man consult his Stomach ; — to
 eat and  drink such things — and in such quan-
 tities — as agree with that  perfectly well, is
 wholesome for him, whilst they continue to do
 so*:—that which satisfies and refreshes us,
 and causes no uneasiness after, may  safely be
 taken in moderation— whenever the Appetite
 is keen — whether it be at Dinner, or Supper.
   What we have  been  longest   used to, is
 most likely to agree with us best.
  * It is  surprising how much the condition and dis-
 position  of  the Stomach and Intestines will vary in the
 same person  at different times."— Whitt on  tlie
 Nerves, p. 12?". 
             PEPTIC  PRECEPTS.          205'
    The wholesomeness, &c. of all Food, de-
 pends  very much on t'>e  quality of it — and
 the way  in which it  is cooked.
    Those  who are poor in Health, must live
 as they can ;- certainly the less  Stimulus any
 of us use the better,  provided it be sufficient
 to properly carry on the Circulation : — I
 sometimes held it lawful to  excite Appetite
 wlien it  is feeble  by Age, or debilitated by
 Indisposition.
    Those Stimuli  which excite the circulation
 at the least expense of  nervous  irritation —
 and afford  the greatest quantity of  nutri-
 ment, must  be most acceptable  to  the Sto-
 mach, when it demands restorative diet.
   A  healthful impetus may be given to the
 System by a well  seasoned Soup, or  a re-
storative  Ra;out,  at half the expense  to the
machinery of Life, than by the  use of those
 Spirituous Stimuli — which  fan  a feverish
fire — exciting action  without supplying the
expenditure  of the principle producing it —
and merely quicken the circulation for  a few
minutes, without  contributing any  material 
206   THE  ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

to feed the Lamp of Life — which, if  it be
originally or  organically defective — pr is
impaired by Time or Disease — will some-
times not burn brightly, unless it be supplied
with the best oil, and  trimmed  in the most
skilful manner.
   Good Mock Turtle, see (No. 246, or 247,)
will agree with weak stomachs  surprisingly
well; so will that made by Birch in Cornhill,
and  by Kat at  Albion  House, Aldersgate
Street. — This excellent Soup, is frequently
ordered  for  Dyspeptic  patients,  by  the
senior Physician to one of the largest hospi-
tals in this  Metropolis: as a man  of science
and talent,  certainly in as high estimation as
any of his cotemporaries.
   Ox-tail  Soup  (No.  240,) Giblet  Soup
(No.  244,) and  (No. 87,)  and  (No. 89,)
(No.  489,) and (No. 503,) are very agreeable
extempore   Restoratives,— so easy of  di-
gestion,  that  they  are   a  sinecure  to  the
Stomach, and give very little trouble to  the
chylopoietic organs — those whose Teeth are
defective—and  those whose Circulation is 
PEPTIC  PRECEPTS.
207
below  par,— will   find  them  acceptable
Foods.   «* Experto crede,"— the reader will
remember  Baglivi's chapter " de Idolis Me-
dicorum."'  wherein he tells us, that *• Physi-
cians  always prescribe to others, what they
like themselves." The learned Mandeville
has favoured us with five pages on the incom-
parably invigorating virtues of Stock Fish ! I
a kind of Cod which is dried without being
salted.   Seepages  316, &c. of his Treatise
on Hypocondnasis.
   The  best Answers,  to all inquiries about
The Wholesomes, are the following Questions;
—*< Do you like it r" k( Does  it agree with
you?"—"then eat  in moderation, and vou
cannot do very wrong."
   Those who  have  long lived luxuriously,
to be  sufficiently nourished,  must be regu-
larly supplied with  Food  that is nutritive,
and Drink  that is stimulating*,— Spice and

  * " Many people to be sufficiently nourished, must
be supplied  with food  exceedingly stimulating." —
Struve's Asthenology, 8vo. 1801, p. 280.
                    19* 
 208   THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

 Wine, are as needful to the " Bon Vivant'1
 of a certain  Age — as its Mother's Milk, is
 to a New-Born Babe.
   The decrease of the energy of Life arises
 from the decrease  of the action of the organs
 of the Body -— especially those of Digestion,
 — which in early  life is so intense and per-
 fect, that a Child, after its common unexcitant
 meal of Bread and Milk, is as  hilarous  and
 frolicksome  as an  Adult person  is after a
 certain quantity of Roast Beef and Port.
   The infirm stomachs of Invalids, require
a .little  indulgence* — like other bad   in-

  * " Whosoever dreameth that no  Sick Man should
be allured to meat, by  delightful and pleasant Sauces,
seemeth as froward and fantastical as He that would
never whet his knife.
  "Why hath nature  brought forth such variety of
Herbs, Roots, Spices,  &.c. fit for nothing but Sauces,
he. but that by them,  the Sick should be allured to
feed.
  " Abstinence is as dangerous, as Fullness and Sati-
ety is inconvenient, — Dr. Moffet on  Foods, 12mo.
1746, p. 343. 
            PEPTIC PRECEPTS.         209

struments,  they  often  want  oiling,  and
screwing, and  winding  up  and  adjusting
with the utmost care, to keep them in tole-
rable  order;—and will receive  the  most
salutary  Stimulus,  from  now  and  then
making a full meal of a favourite dish. This
is not a singular notion of my own, though
it may not exactly agree with  the  fastidious
fancy of Dr.  Sangrado's  disciples, — that
Starvation  and  Phlebotomy, are Sovereign
Remedies for all disorders.
  Those philanthropic Physicians, Dr. Diet,
— Dr. Quiet, — and Dr. Merryman, — hold
the  same doctrine as the Magnus Coquus-—
i. c. the Author of" the Cook's  Oracle," to
whose culinary skill we have been so repeat-
edly indebted m the composition of this work.
  As excessive Eating and Drinking is cer-
tainly the most frequent cause of the« dis-
orders   of  the  Rich, — so privation  is the
common source of  complaints  among the
Poor; — the cause  of the  one,  is the cure
of the  other — but where one of  the latter*
A 
210 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFT.

dies of Want, how many  thousands of the
former are destroyed by Indigestion !
   If strong Spices and savoury Herbs excite
appetite — they  (in  an increased ratio,) ac-
celerate  the  action  of  the  Bowels—and
hurry the food through the alimentary canal
too rapidly to  allow  the Absorbents to  do
their work properly.
   Salt is  the most salubrious and easily
obtainable  relish which  Nature  has given
us to give sapidity to  other substances ; and
has this advantage over all  other  Sauces
that if taken to excess  —  it carries its remedy
with it in its  Aperient quality.
    We suspect that most  mischief is done by
 the  immoderate and constant use  of  the
 Common Condiments. — We hfave  seen  some
 puritanical folks, who are  for  ever boasting
 thxCThey never touch Made Dishes*, &c.
 (one would suppose they had the Tongue of
 Piif/lkts*,) so be-devii every morsel they put

«    * " This gentleman had so cold a Stomach, (saith
 Suidas,) that hemade a sheath for his T™.....« «■'■ ■*■' 
"EPTIC PRECEPTS.
211
into   their  Mouth — with   Pepper,  and
Mustard, &c. that they made their common
food ten times morepiquante — than thebu.n.
gullet Bonne Bouche of an eastern  Nabob,
or a Broiled Devil, enveloped in  " veritable
Sauce d'Enfer." — See (No. 355 and  538).
   We do  not condemn  the moderate use
of Spices,  but the constant and  excessive
abuse  of them, — by  which the papillary
nerves  of  the  tongue become so blunted,
that in a  little time  they  lose all relish for
useful nourishing food,  and  the Epicure
is  punished  with all  the sufferings of in-
cessant  and   incurable Indigestion, — per-
turbed  Sleep — and  the  horrors  of  the
Nightmare,  &c. he. — However, enough
has been written by a thousand cautionists, to
convince any rational creature of the  advan-
tage resulting to both the  Body and the
Mind  from  a simple  and  frugal  fare :—

might swallow down his  Pottage scalding hot; yea, I
myselfhave known a Shropshire Gentleman of the lik,e
quality." — Dr. Muftett on Food, 4to. 1655, p. 287. 
212
THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.
  the  great  secret of  Health  and Longevity
  is   to  keep  up  the   sensibility   of   the
  Stomach.
    No  Regimen* can be  contrived that  v\ill
 suit every body.

   * " The Chyle appears to be of the same nature,
 from whatever aliment it has been extracted : if tiie
 medical people in different countries were questioned,
 each would probably approve of the diet used in their
 own — and would find plausible  arguments to prove
 its superiority, with numerous and admirable examples
 among their countrymen in support of their theon.
   " An Lngli hman  would probably  be of opinion
 that wheat-bread, and a large portion of animal food,
 gives the strongest and most  substantial nourishment.
  " An Irishman, or a Scotsman,  would  probably
maintain that a small  portion  of animal food, — with
plenty of potatoes and oatmeal, is far  bcttW adapted
to form a vigorous and hardy race.  The Laplander8
live almost entirely upon Animal Food — the Hindoos,
Gentoos, &c. never taste any thing but A egetables.'»
— Moore's Mat. Med. p. 70.
  " In the course of a few years, the produce of several
acres of lane1, a number of large oxen, and n any tons* of
 liquor, are consumed by one individual; whilst he ecu- 
PEPi'lC  l'H!;CF.PT3.
213
  " Try all t!ie bounties of this fertile Globe,
   There is not such a salutary Food
   As suits with every Stomach."
                Dr. Aiimstroxg's Art of Preserving
                  Health,  book ii. line 120.

   " 1  knew a bl.ick servant  of  Mr.  Pitt,  an
Indian  Merchant in  America,  who was fond

tinues nearly the  same, whether he drinks the pure
stream, or beverage the most skilfully compounded ;
whether he feeds on a variety of ar icles produced
from the animal and vegetable kingdom, or confines
himself to one particular substance ; aad whether his
food is prepared in the most simple manner, or by the
most refined and artificial  modes  that luxury has in-
vented." — Code of Health, vol. i. p.  402.
  Facts  relative to Diet. — " Dr. B. Franklin, of Phi-
ladelphia, informed  me that  he himself,  when a
journeyman  printer, lived a fortnight on bread and
water, at  the rate of ten  pennyworth  of bread per
week, and that he found himself stout and hearty with
this diet "
  " By Sir John Pringle  I was told that he knew a la-
dy now 90 years of age, who ea: only the pure fat  of
meat."(
  " Dr. Cirelli says, that the Neapolitan Physicians fre- 
214   the art of invigorating life.
   of Soup made of Rattle  Snakes, — in
   which the Head, without any regard to the
   Poison,  was  boiled along with  the  rest of
  the animal." ~ Dr. G.  Fordyce, on  Diges-
  tion, he. 8vo. 1791, p. 119.
    No food is so delicious that it pleases all
  palates,—nothing can  be more correct than
  the old adage  " one man's meat  is another
  man's poison.
    It would be as  difficult for a Laplander,
  or an  earth-eating Qttomaque, to convince
  our good citizens that Train Oil, and gutter-
  mud,  is  a  more  elegant relish  than their
  favourite  Turtle — as for the former to fancy
 that Kay or Birch's Soup can be as agreeable
 as the Grease  and  Garbage which custom
 has taught them to  think delicious.

 quently  allow their patients  in fevers, nothing but
 water for 40 days together." — Dr.  *tark, on Diet,
 8cc. 4to.  1788, p. 92, a work well worth the purchase
 of any person curious upon the subject.  As is also
 Dr. Brtan  Robinsox,  on Fbod and  Discharges of
£Tuman jQqdics. 
peptic  precepts.          215
       " Man differs more from Man
         Than Man from Beast."—Colmaw.

  Celsus* very sensibly says, that" a healthy
man, under his own government, ought not
to tie himself up by  strict rules, — nor to
abstain from  any  sort  of  food ;  that he
ought sometimes to fast, and sometimes to
feast."  Sanis, sunt omnia Sana.
   When the stomach sends  forth  eructant
signals  of distress, for  help  against  Indi-
gestion, the Peristaltic Persuaders  (see the
end  of  this  Essav)  are as  agreeable and

  * " A Constant adherence to one sort of Diet, may
have bad effects on any Constitution.  Nature has pro-
vided a great Variety  of Nourishment for  Human
Creatures, and furnished us with appetites to desire,
and Organs to digest them.
  " An unerring Regularity is almost  impracticable,
and the swerving from it, when it has grown habitual,
dangerous ; for every unusual thing in a human body
becomes a stimulus, as Wine or Flesh Meat to one
not used to them; therefore Celsus's Rule, with proper
moral restrictions, is a good one." — Arbothnot  on
Aliment, pp. 218 and 219.        —            ^*fc
                       20                 ^€ 
  216  THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

  effectual assistance as can  be offered; and
  for delicate Constitutions, and those that are
  impaired by Age or Intemperance, are a va-
  luable Panacea.
    They derive, and deserve this name, from
  the peculiar  mildness of  their operation*.
    One or two very gently increase the action
  of the  principal  viscera, help  them to do
  their work a little faster, — and  enable  the
  Stomach to serve with  an  ejectment what-
  ever offends  it, — and move  it into  the
  Bowels.
    Thus Indigestion  is easily  and  speedily
  removed, — Appetite restored, — (the mouths
  of the absorbing vessels being cleansed)  Nu-
  trition is facilitated, — and Strength of Body
  and Energy of Mindf, are the happy  results

    • A Pill is the mildest form of administering Me-
  dicine, because of its gradual solution in  the Stomach,
  and the same quantity of the same material, taben in
  a draught produces a very different effect.
    f " He that would have a clear Head,  must have a
  Cfcpt fifomac/»."wCHETNE on Health, p. 34.
cmf< v >■ 
            PEPTIC PRECEPTS.         217

  If an  immediate operation be  desired^
take some Tincture of Rhubarb—as a Pill
is the most  gentle and gradually operating
form for a drug — a  Tincture in which it is as
it were  ready digested, is the most immedi-
ate in its action.
  To make  Tincture  of  Rhubarb.—
Steep three ounces of the best  Rhubarb
(pounded) and  half aq ounce of Carraway
Seeds, (pounded; in a bottle of Brandy, for
ten days.  A table-spoonful in  a wine-glass
of hot water will generally be enough.
  Compound Tincture of Senna, has been
recommended, especially  to chose who have
accustomed  themselves to  the  use of spi-
rituous  Liquors and high living.   Several
similar preparations are sold under the name
of Daffy's Elixir — or as much Epsom Salt,
in half a pint of hot water, as experience has
informed you, will produce one motion, — a
Tea-spoonful (i. dKrom one to two drachms)
will generally do this — especially if it  be
taken in the morning, fasting, i. e. at least
half an hour before  Breakfast. 
 218   THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

    The best way of covering the taste of Salt,
 is  to put a lump of Sugar and a bit of thin-
 cut Lemon Peel* into the hot water,  for  a
 few minutes before you stir the  Salt into it,
 — to  which you may add a few grains of
 grated Ginger.
   Epsom  Salt  is a  very speedy laxative,
 often operating within an  hour, — does  the
 business required of it with great regularity,
 — and is  more uniform  in what it does, —
 and when it does it, — than any Aperient ;—
 ten minutes after  you  have  taken  it,  en-
 courage its operation by  drinking  half  a
 pint,  or more, of warm water — weak  Broth
 —  Tea —thin Gruel (No.  572),  with some
  * Quintessence of Lemon Peel, (No. 418) — Best oil
 of Lemon, one drachm, - strongest rectified Spirit,
 two ounces, introduced by degrees, till the spirit kills
 and completely mixes with the oil.   This elegant and
 useful preparation, possesses  all the delightful  fra-
grance and flavour of the freshest Lemon Peel —for
 Which you will find it a satisfactory substitute.  A tew
 drops  on the Sugar you  make Punch with, will in-
stantly impregnate it with as much flavour as the trou-
blesome and tedious method of rubbing the sugar on
the rind. 
PEPTIC PRECEPTS.         219
salt  and  butter  in  it — or  Soda  Water
(No. 481.*)   See Index.
   " Nil tarn adsanitatem, et longevitatem con-
ducit, quamcrebraeet domestical purgationes."
— Lord Bacon. — i.e. "Nothing contrti
butes so much to preserve  Health, and pro
long  Life,  as frequently cleansing the ali-
mentary canal with gentle laxatives.
   We perfectly agree with Lord Bacon, and
believe that  in nine cases  out  of ten, for
which  Tonic  Medicines are administered,
Peristaltic Persuaders  will not  only much
more certainly improve  Appetite, — but in-
vigorate  the  Constitution:  by  facilitating
the  absorption  of  nutriment,— which,  in
aged and debilitated people, is  often  pre-
vented by  the  mouths  of the vessels being
half  closed  by  the  accumulation of viscid
mucus, &c.
   Aperient Medicine does enough,  if it
increases the customary Evacuation, — and
does too  much,—if it does  more,— than
excite one additional motion.
                   20* 
220  THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

  Bowels which are forced into double action
to-day — must, consequently, be costive, to-
morrow, and  Constipation  will be  caused
by  the remedy  you have  recourse to to
remove it, —this has given rise to a Vulgar
Error,— that  the use of even  the  mildest
Laxative is followed by  Costiveness.
  Rhubarb is  particularly  under  this pre-
judice, — because it has  been  more  fre-
quently employed as a domestic remedy, —
and  unadvisedly administered in  either too
little, or too large a Dose.   It has, however,
been recommended  by a  Physician of ac-
knowledged ability, and extensive experience.
  " If  the  Bowels are constipated,  they
should be kept regular by a Pill of Rhubarb
of five grains every morning." — Pemberton
on the Abdominal Viscera, p.  113.
  People are  often needlessly uneasy about
the Action of their Bowels. — If their general
Health is good, and they have neither Head-
ach nor other deranged sensations, and they
live temperately, during the second period
of Life, whether they have two  motions 
PEPTIC PRECEPTS.
221
in one day, or one in two days, perhaps  is
not of much  consequence ; — however, that
the  Alvine Exoneration  should take  place
regularly is  certainly  most desirable ; —
especially  after Thirty-Five years of age*,
when the elasticity of the machinery of Life
begins to diminish.
   To  acquire a  Habit of Regularity,  Mr.
Locke, who was a Physician as well as a Phi-
losopher, advises that " if any person, as soon
as he has breakfasted, would presently solicit
nature, so  as  to obtain a stool,  he might  in
time, by a constant application, bring it to be
habitual." He says<l  I have known none who
have been  steady in the  prosecution of this
plan, who did not in  a few months obtain the
desired success." —On Education, p. 23, &c.
   " It is well known that the alvine evacua-

  * " I have observed that in mature Age, and in the
decline of life, symptoms which are attributed to pre-
vious irregularities, to idiosyncracy, to hereditary dis-
position, to disease, and, to approaching old age, fre-
quently  arise from Constipation of the Bowels."—
Hamilton on Purgative Medicines, 1806, p. 7. 
222   THE ART OF  INVIGORATING LIFE.

tion   is  periodical, and  subjected  to the
power of habit ;  if the* regular  call  is not
obeyed,  the necessity   for  the  evacuation
passes away ; and  the call  being again and
again neglected,  habitual costiveness  is the
consequence." — Hamilton  on Purgatives.
p. 72.
   It  will facilitate the acquirement of this
salutary  evacuation, — to  take  at  night —
such  a dose  of an Aperient  medicine,  as
Experience  has  pointed out, as just suffi-
cient  to assist nature to produce a Motion
in the Morning.
   Habitual  Costiveness  is not curable
by Drugs   alone, — and  is most agreeably
corrected by Diet and Regimen, those most
important, and only effectual,  although much
neglected  (because little understood) means
of permanently   alleviating  Chronic Com-
plaints, for which
         "  Coquina est optima Medicina"
   Strong Constitutions are generally Costive*,
   * "Astriclion of the Belly is commonly a sign of
 strong Chylopoetic Organs." — Aebcthhot  on Ali-
 ment, p. 24. 
PEPTIC PRECEPTS.
223
 — that  perfect  and  vigorous action of the
 absorbents,  which  is  the cause  of  their
 strength,  is  also  the cause of  their  Con-
 stipation : —
     " Oportet sanorum, sedes esse figuratas."

   This ought to make them content, — but
 the  Constipated  are for  ever murmuring
 about  a habit — which,  if  managed  with
 moderate  care, — is the  fundamental  basis
 of Health and Long Life.   A little attention
 to  regimen  will  generally  prevent it—a
 simple  Laxative will suffice to remove it —
 and neither will  be often necessary, for those
 who  observe  a  deobstruent  Diet — take
 proper  Exercise in a pure Air — sufficient
liquid food —and eat freely of Butter,  Salt,
and Sugar.
  The  peculiarity of most constitutions is
so convenient, that almost all Costive  per-
sons — by  attending  to the  effects  which
various things produce upon their Bowels —
may find, in their usual  Food  and Drink, 
224 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

the  means of  persuading  their  sluggish
Viscera to vibrate with healthful celerity.
   A Supper  or  Breakfast of thin Gruel,
(No. 572,) with plenty of butter and salt in it,—
ripe Fruits, particularly Grapes*, — Oranges,
—•Strawberries,— Raspberries,— Mulberries,
—Marmalade,—Honey,— Treacle^—roasted
Apples, — stewed Prunes, — Figs, — Raisins,
— Tamarinds,— French plums, &c. j — will
almost always produce the desired effect.
   Two or three strong Cinnamon or Ginger
Lozenges, (see page 234,) gradually dissolved
in the mouth  when the stomach is  empty,
will act as an Aperient on  many persons.

   * Beautiful and full ripe Hot-house Grapes may be
procured in the greatest perfection at the Fruit Shop9
in Covent garden, almost all the year round—and the
Editor has frequently given them to delicate women,
who have been afflicted with feverish complaints, to the
quantity of a pound per day, with the most satisfactory
effect — they were extremely grateful in cooling their
parched mouths, and at once most agreeably and effec.
tually supplied  the place of both Saline Draughts and
 Aperient medicine. 
PEPTIC  PRECEPTS.
225
   Salad Oil is a very pleasant Peristaltic
 Persuader:— by the following means it may
 be  introduced  (as  a  supper) to the most
 delicate  stomach,— without any offence  to
 the most fastidious  Palate.
   Put a stable-spoonful of Sherry into a wine-
 glass— on this a table-spoonful of Olive Oil
 — on this another tablespoonful of Sherry  —
 or rub together a table-spoonful or  two  of
 Oil, with  the  yolk of an egg boiled hard,
 (No. 547,) add a little Vinegar  and salt to
 it,  and  eat it at  Supper as  a Sauce to a
 Salad (No. 138*) of Mustard and Cresses,—
 or Lettuce, — Radishes, — Button Onions,-—
 Celery,— Cucumber, &c.;—or cold boiled
 Asparagus, — Brocoli, — Cauliflower,—Car-
 rot, — or Turnip, — Kidney or French Beans,
 — or Pease ; — or Pickled Salmon, (No. 161,)
Xobster,  (No.  176,)  Shrimps,  Herrings,
 Sprats, (No. 170**,) or Mackarel, (No 168,)
 or as a Sauce to cold Meat, &c.
    You  may give it  an infinite  variety  of
 agreeable flavours; the  ingredients to  pro- 
226  THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

duce which are enumerated in (No. 372) of
"the Cook's  Oracle."
  Hypochondriac people are fond  of taking
Medicine at certain times,  the  spring  and
fall, — at the  full  or the  new  Moon,  he.
whether they want  it or not.— For those in
Health to attempt to  improve  it bv taking
Physic is absurd  indeed.  Remember tne
epitaph on the Italian Count —
               " I was well—
     ,      Wished to be better—
           Took Physick—and died."
  Hypochondriasis —Spleen—Vapours —
the Blue Devils—the Bile — Nervous  De-
bility, &c. are but  so  many different names
for those Disorders  which  arise either from
Chronic Weakness of the Constitution —
or an inconsiderate management of it.— A
man  who has  a  strong  tamina  will bear
irregularities  with  impunity — which   will
soon destroy a more delicate frame.
   We do  not laugh at the melancholy of
the  Hypochondriac, — or consider his Com- 
              PEPTIC  PRECEPTS.        227

 plaints  as  merely  the hallucinations of  un
 Malade Imaginaire; but trace the cause of
 them to either some Indigestion interrupting
 the  functions of the  Alimentary  Canal —
 which a gentle Aperient would immediately
 remove — or  the ineffective  performance of
 the Restorative Process — insufficiently  nu-
 tritive Diet — or depression  of the  vital and
 animal  functions  from  anxiety  or  over-
 exertion of either the Mind or the Body :—
 which nothing but  Rest and  nutritive Food
 can repair.
   The Editor of this  little treatise has had
 from his Youth to bear up against an highly
 irritable nervous system, — the means he has
found useful to manage and support it, he is
now recording for the  benefit of other Ner-
vous  invalids.
  We advise our  friends — never to call in
even the gentle aid of Peristaltic Persuaders,
— but when  Instinct absolutely insists upon
                    21 
228   TUE  ART  OF INVIGORATING  LIFE.

it — some  of  the indications  of |which are
" A  Disagreeable taste  in  the Mouth —
Eructations—Want   of   appetite — Sensa-
tions of distention   in  the Stomach  and
Bowels — Pains in the stomach or  Head —
Vertigo — Feverishness  — Restlessness —
Peevishness," &c. — but these will often dis-
appear  by taking  a  liquid  meal,  instead
of a  solid  one,  or  using   more  exercise
will often answer the  purpose. — Mr. Jones
very sensibly  observes, " if people  will by
no  means  rest  from constanly  tampering
with laxatives, instead of using exercise, the
habit of using the Lavement every  evening
cannot be so destructive,  as it irritates  only
twelve inches of intestine, and  spares raking
down the other thirty-nine feet,"—See Med.
Vul. Errors, p. 44.
  Relaxed Bowels* are often extremely

  *" People  who have relaxed Bowels have seldom
strong thoughts or strong bodies." Locks on Educa-
tion, sec. 23.
  " The cure for relaxed Nerves (the source of all 
PEPTIC PRECEPTS.
229
unmanageable,  and difficult to  regulate —
and are the principal cause  of that Chronic
Weakness which is so  generally complained
of, and of many other distressing  Nervous
Disorders.
   If the bowels are unfaithful to  the Sto-
mach, and, instead of playing fair,—let  go
their hold of the  il Pabulum Vita?," before
the Absorbents have properly performed the
process which that grand organ has prepared
for them — Nutrition will be deficient; and
Flatulence, &c. &c. Giddiness — Spasms, —
Head-ache, — and  Back-ache,—and  what
are called Bilious and Nervous  disorders, —■
and all the  Diseases  incident  to  Debility,
will attack you on the slightest cause.
   Those who are afflicted with a relaxation
of the  bowels  are  advised  to  a Dry diet,

chronic disorders must necessarily begin  at the Sto-
mach.  He who attempts to cure a Nervous distemper
without Firm Bowels — labours in vain ; for itisim*
possible that the  Constitution of those  who have
Slippery Bowels — should ever be braced."—Chktne
oh Long Life, p. 107. 
230  THE ART OF  INVIGORATING LIFE.

rather than a Liquid\one, and must submit to
a Regimen diametrically contrary to  that we
have recommended to cure Constipation.
  "Since I  lessened my drink I have been
much more costive than I was  before, and
have for two years past freed myself  from a
Diarrhoea.   Costiveness generally  attends
dry food in other animals as well as men."—
B.  Robinson,  on Food  and  Discharges,
p. 82 and 64.
  Live principally upon  Animal Food suffi-
ciently cooked, and Stale Bread, or biscuit;
— instead of Malt liquor  (unless it be very
mild and  good  Homebrewed Beer,   which
is  the  best of all Beverages)  drink Beef-
Tea,  (No. 563), or  well  made Toast  and
Water* (No. 463*), with about  one-fourth
  * " To make Toast and Wateb,—Cut a bit of the
upper crust of Bread, about twice the thickness 'I'oast
is usually cut—toast it carefully, till it be completely
browned all over, but not at all blackened or burnt ;
put this into a jug, and pour upon it as much boiling
water as you wish to make into drink—cover the jug-
let it stand till cold.  The fresher made—the better.
Obs.—A roll of fresh thin cut  Lemon Peel or dried 
PEPTIC PRECEPTS.
231
part of Wine, and a little Sugar  and grated
Nutmeg or Ginger in it ; — if the Stomach
be troubled with Acidity, or great Flatulence,
one-eighth part of Brandy may agree with it
better : — whatever Tou eat and drink should
be Warmed. — See page  94 on Siesta,  and
page 158.
   Be watchful  of the effects  of the  Food
which you take, — avoid  whatever  appears
to irritate, and eat  only that which experience
has proved acceptable.
   Irritable  Bowels are excited to incon-
veniently increased action by any thing that
the Stomach has  either  not the  ability, or
the inclination  to  prepare for them,— and
Diarrhoe is  the consequence.
  The easiest and most effectual method of
Orange Peel infused with the  Bread, is  a grateful
addition, and makes a very refreshing Summer drink—
and when the proportion of the fluids is destroyed by
profuse perspiration, may be drank plentifully.  Let a
large jug be made early in the day, it will then become
warm by the heat of the Air, and may be drank freely
with impunity ; cold Water fresh drawn from a well
outcannot with danger."
                     21* 
232   THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFEi

restoring tranquillity in  the  bowels — is to
be content with a light diet of Gruel, Broth,
or Fish, &c. till the return of  a keen Appetite
assures you, that the Stomach has recovered
its powers, and being  ready for  action re-
quires its usual supply  of solid  food.
   When the bowels get  a trick  of emptying
themselves   too often,—a   teaspoonful  of
Compound Powder of  Chalk in  your Tea, —
or a wine-glass full of the following mixture,
taken twice or thrice  a  day, will generally
cure them of it very speedily :
    Chalk mixture, six ounces,
    Tincture of Cinnamon  (No. 416*), one ditto.
    Opiate Confection, one drachm.
  Mixed together.
   If   Diarrhce  continues obstinate,  more
powerful Astringents* may  be  necessary.

 • Dr. Pemberton recommends the following Bolus: —
     Kino. pulv. j.
      Confect. Opiat. gr xii.
  Misc.  Fiat bolus, ter quotidie sumendus.
 See his  Observations on the Diseases  of the abdominal
 Viscera, 8vo. 1807, p. 140. 
PEPTIC  PRECEPTS.
233
  Tincture of Cinnamon (No 416*) is
one  of the best  cordial tonics—see  also
(No.  569) and (Nos. 413 & 15.)
  Opium Lozenges, containing a  quarter
of a grain each,  and strongly flavoured with
Oil of Peppermint, are recommended to those
who are troubled with relaxed Bowels.
•  Strong  Peppermint   Lozenges   are
the most convenient portable  carminative:
— as  soon as they are  dissolved, their in-
fluence is felt from the beginning, to the end
of the Alimentary Canal ;•— they  dissipate
flatulence so  immediately,  that they  well
deserve the name  of Vegetable Mther ; and
are recommended to Singers* and public
Speakers, as  giving  effective  excitement

  * Here followed,  in the first Edition, some Observa-
tions on Singing.  See page 98 of this book — But
most of them are taken out, and will shortly be publish-
ed by Messrs. Hurst and Robinson, No, 90, Cheapside,
as part of  the prefatory matter of  " The  English
Melodies," selected by the author of this work, from
the Library of Wm. Kitchiner, M. D. 
234 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

to the organs  of  the Voice, — as a support
against the distressing effects of fasting  too
long — and  to give  energy to the Stomach
between  meals.
   N. B. Sixty different sorts of Lozenges,are
made  in  the most  superlative manner, by
Mr. Smith, Fell Street,Wood Street, Cheap-
side.
   His Rose  Jujubes — are a very  elegan
preparation, which those who have not a re-
markly Sweet Breath, are  recommended to
 take the last thing at night, and  the first in
 the  morning — the   breath smells  faintest
 when the Stomach is emptiest.
   His Mellifluous Aromatics are so delicately
 flavoured, they moisten the mouth and throat
 without  cloying  the Palate, Stomach, &c.
 which is  more than can be  said of  most
 Lozenges. 
PEPTIC  PRECEPTS.        235
       To make Forty Peristaltic
               Persuaders.
  Take,
    Turkey Rhubarb, finely pulverized, two drachms.
    Syrup (by weight) one drachm.
    Oil of  Carraway, ten drops  (minums).
  Made into  Pills, each of which will contain Three
      Grains of Rhubarb.

  The Dose of the  Persuaders  must
be adapted  to  the constitutional  peculiarity
of the Patient: — when you wish to accelerate
or augment the Alvine  Exoneration — take
two, three, or  more, according to the effect
you desire to produce — two Pills will do as
much for one person as five or six  will for
another ; tfiey  generally will very regularly
perform  what you wish to-day,—without
interfering with what you hope will happen
to-morrow ; — and are, therefore, as conve-
nient an argument against  Constipation  as
any we are acquainted with.
   The most convenient opportunity to intro-
duce them  to  the Stomach—is  early in  the 
236  THE  ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

Morning,  when it is unoccupied,— and  has
no particular business to attend to,  i. e, at
least half an hour before Breakfast.
   Physic should never interrupt the Stomach,
when it is engaged in digesting Food— per-
haps the best time to take it,  is when you
awake out of your first Sleep—or as soon as
you awake in the morning.  Moreover, such
is the increased sensibility of some Stomachs
at that time, that half the quantity of Medi-
cine will suffice.
   From two to four Persuaders will generally
produce one additional motion within twelve
hours.
   They may be  taken at any time—by  the
most delicate  Females, whose  Consti-
tutions are so often  distressed   by Constipa-
tion*, and destroyed by the drastic purgatives
they take to relieve it.  See also page 224.
  * " A knowledge how to regulate the alvine evacua-
tion, constitutes much of the  prophylactic part of
 Medicine ; hence, how necessary it is to advise those
who either wish to preserve good health,or are in  ue 
PEPTIC PRECEPTS.
237
  Their agreeable flavour recommends them
as the  most convenient aperient  for  Chil-
dren, whose  indispositions most frequently
arise from  obstructions  in the  Bowels ;—it
is not always a very easy  task to prevail upon
a spoiled Child  to  take  Physic ;—therefore
—we  have  made our Pill to  taste  exactly
like Gingerbread.
   For  Infants,  too  young  to swallow  a
Pill, pound it, and mix it with Currant Jelly,
Honey, or Treacle.

of the lost treasure, to attend to this circumstance."—
Hamilton on Purgatives, p. 7.
  " How much it behoves those who have the charge
©f young people, particularly of the female sex, to im-
press them with the propriety, nay with the absolute
necessity of attention to the regular state of the Bow-
els ; and to put itin their power, by the use of proper
means, to guard against constipation ; and at the same
time to watch overthem, lest through indolence, they
neglect a circumstance which, promoting in the gay
season of youth, the enjoyment of health and happi-
ness, opposes a sure barrier against the inroads of
chlorosis,  &c, always a distressing, and sometimes a
fatal complaint,"—Ibid. p. 76. 
238    THE ART OF  INVIGORATING  LIFE.

   ON THE FIRST ATTACK OF DlSEASE -- it
may  generally  be disarmed by discharging
the  contents  of the  Bowels:  — in every
Disorder* the  main  point is  carefully  to

  * " There are three things which I consider as ne-
cessary to the cure of disorder.
  " 1st, That the Stomach should thoroughly digest
all the food that is put into it.
  " The patient perceiving the necessity of obtain-
ing this end,  becomes attentive to his Diet, and ob-
serves the effect which the quantity and quality of his
food and medicines have upon his feelings, and the ap-
parent powers of  his Stomach.
  " 2dly, That the residue of the food should be daily
discharged from the Bowels :  here, too, the patient,
apprised of the design,  notes what kind and dose of
purgative medicine best effect  the  intention and whe-
ther it answers better if taken at once, or at intervals.
  " 3dly, That the secretion of Bile  should be right,
both with respect to quantity and  quality.  In cases
wherein the secretion of Bile has been for a longtime
deficient or faulty, I recommend unirritating and unde-
bilitating doses of Mercury, (i. e. pil. hydrarg.)  to be
taken every second  or third night  till the stools be-
come of the wet rhubarb  colour." —P. 90. 
PEPTIC PRECEPTS.
239
watch, and  constantly to keep up the activity
of the Alimentary  Canal — for want of due
attention  to this, Millions (especially  of
Children) have  died of  medicable  dis-
orders!  !
  For  Bilious or Liver* Complaints,
(which are  now the fashionable names for all
those deranged sensations of the Abdominal
Viscera —  which as  often  arise  from the
want, as from the excess of Bile — and per-
haps most frequently from Indigestion)— and

  " Any kind  of Brown, which dilution will not convert
into yellow, I should consider as unhealthy."—P. 36.
  See Mr.  Abernethy's Surgical Observations.
 * " A popular hypothesis is now very prevalent, which
attributes nearly all Diseases to a disturbed state  of
rHE Liver — for which Mercurial drugs are lavished
almost indiscriminately.  The folly of expecting to re-
pel this, or any other opinion which is favourable to the
natural  indolence  of mankind, is obvious, especially
when it is at the same time upholden by the'empirical
interests of greedy individuals."—A. Carlisle on Old
Age, 2d edit.  p. 88.
                      22 
240 THE  ART OF  INVIGORATING LIFE.

for expelling Worms*, for which  it is the
fashion to  administer Mercury] (which, be-
cause it is the only remedy for one  Disease,  j
people  suppose must be a panacea for every
disorder) and other drastic mineral medicines,
which  are  awfully uncertain  both  in  their
strength and in their operation.
   If, instead  of two  or  three times  a week
tormenting your Bowels with Corrosive Ca-
thartics, — Hydragogues, — Phlegmagogues,
&c, you  take one  or  two  gentle  Per-
suaders, twice or thrice a day ; — they will
excite  a  gradual  and  regularly  increased

  * " It is a dubious question, whether Worms or the
Violent Purgatives which are forced into the human
Stomach, by the decisive energy of medical logic,  to
destroy and expel them, have been most destructive to
the human species." — Withers on the Abuse of Me-
dicine, 8vo. 1794, p. 19 and U7.
  ■(■" Mercury  and   Antimony,  elaborated into
Poisons by*Chemistry — i. e. Calomel, Emetic Tartar,
James's Powders, &c. have torn many a Stomach into
rags, so that it could never bear common food after." u>
Cadogan on Gout, 8vo. 1771, p. 79. 
peptic precepts.
241
action of the Viscera — restore the tone of
the   Alimentary tube — and  speedily  and
effectually cure the disorder, without injuring
the Constitution.
   There is not a more universal or more mis-
chievous Vulgar Error, than the notion, that
Physic is efficacious, in proportion  as it is ex-
tremely disagreeable to take, and  frightfully
violent  in its operation, — unless a medicine
actually produces  more Distress in the Sys-
tem, than the Disorder it is administered to
remove — in  fact,  if the Remedy  be not
worse than the  Disease, the  million  have
no  faith in it — and are not  satisfied that
they  can be  perfectly cured  if they  escape
Phlebotomy, — unless  put to extreme pain,
and plentifully supplied with  Black  Doses,
and drastic Drugs ; — they have the best opi-
nion of that Doctor who most furiously
" Vomits—Purges—Blisters—Bleeds, and Sweats'em."
To perfectly content them that you have most
profoundly  considered the»r case, you must 
242  THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

to such Prescription — add a Proscription of
every thing they appear particularly partial
to!!.'
   People who in all other respects  appear to
be  very  rational — and are apt to  try other
questions by the rules of Common Sense, in
matters relating to  their  Health, surrender
their  understanding  to  the fashion of the
Day, — and  in  the present Century, on  all
occasions take Calomel as  coolly as in  the
last, their Grandfathers inundated their poor
Stomachs with Tar-Water.

     Tonic  Tincture, (No. 569) is
   Peruvian Bark, bruised, one ounce and a half.
   Orange Peel,    do.   one ounce.
   Brandy, or Proof Spirit, one pint.
  Let  these  ingredients steep for  ten days,
shaking the bottle every day — let  it remain
quiet two days — and then decant  the clear
liquor.
   Dose — one teaspoonful in a wineglass of
water, twice a day, when you feel languid, 
            PEPTIC  PRECEPTS.       243

u e. when the Stomach is empty, about an
hour  before  Dinner,  and in the Eveuing.
Twenty grains of  the Powder of Bark  may
be added to it occasionally.
  To this agreeable Aromatic Tonic we are
under  personal obligations, for frequently
putting our Stomach into good  temper, and
procuring us good Appetite and good Di-
gestion.
  In low nervous affections, ari&ing  from a
languid Circulation — and, when the stomach
is   in  a state of shabby debility from ageof
intemperance, or other causes—this is a most
acceptable restorative.
  N. B. Tea made with dried  and  bruised
Seville Orange Peel, (in the same manner as
common Tea,) and drank with  milk and
sugar,  has been taken  for Breakfast by Ner-
vous  and  Dyspeptic  persons  with  great
benefit.
    Chewing a bit of  Orange  Peel twice
a day  when the  Sumach is  empty, will
                   25b 
244  THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

be found very grateful, and  strengthening
to it.—

         Stomach Tincture.
 Two ounces of Cacasrilla Bark (bruised)
— or dried Orance Peel, — or  Colomba
Root — infused for a fortnight in a pint of
Brandy, will give you the  Tinctures called
by those names.
  Dose —one or two teaspoonsful in a wine-
glass of  water.

  Tincture of Cinnamon, (No. 416*).
  This excellent Cordial is made by  pouring
a bottle of genuine Cogniac (No.  471) on
three ounces of bruised  Cinnamon  (Cassia
will not  do).  This  cordial restorative  was
more in vogue formerly, than it  is now j —
a teaspoonful of it, and a lump of Sugar, in
a glass of good Sherry or Madeira   with the
yolk of  an  Egg beat  up in it—was called
" Balsamum Vita." *>' 
peptic precepts.
245
  " Cur moriatur homo, qui sumit de Cinnamomo ?" —
 'Cinnamon is verie comfortable to the Stomacke, and
the principall partes of the bodie."
  ' Ventriculum,  Jecur, Lienem Cerebrum, nervosque
juvant et roborat."—" I reckon it a great  treasure for
a student to have by him, in his closet, to take now and
then a spoonful."—Cogan's  Haven of  Health, 4to.
1584, p. 111.
   Ops.—Two teaspoonsful in  a  wine glass
of water — are a present and pleasant remedy
in Nerveous Languors — and in  relaxations
 of the Bowels — in the latter case five drops
of Laudanum may be  added to each dose.

        Soda  Water,  (No. 481*.)
   The best  way  of  producing  agreeable
 Pneumatic Punch, as a learned Chemist has
called this refreshing refrigerant, is to fill two
half-pint Tumblers half full of Water, —*tir
into one 30 grains of Carbonate ofPotashf'—
 into  the   other 25  grains of  Citric*  ^cid

   * The flavour of Coxwell's  Citric Acid is much more
agreeable than the Tartaric, which, being cheaper, is
 sometimes substituted for4t. 
246 the art of invigorating life.

(both being previously  finely  pounded,)—
when the powders are perfectly dissolved —
pour the contents of  one tumbler into the
other — and sparkling Soda Water is instan-
aneously produced.
  To make Double  Soda Water,   use
double the quantity of the Powder.
  Single Soda  Water is a delightful drink in
sultry weather — and may be very agreeably
flavoured by dissolving a little Raspberry or
Red Currant Jelly in the Water, (before you
add the Carbonate of Potash to it), or a little
Tincture of Ginger (No. 411) — or Syrup of
Ginger, (No.  394,) — or Syrup of  Lemon
Peel, (No.  393), —or infuse a roll of  fresh
and thin-cut Lemon Peel, and a bit of Sugar
in^the water — or rub down a few drops of
(lfro. 408,) with a bit  of Lump Sagar, with
or without a little grated Ginger; — a glass
of Sherry or a  tablespoonful of Brandy is
sometimes  added.
   The addition of a traspoonful of the Tonic
Tincture (No. 569,) will  give you a very 
PEPTIC PRECEPTS
247
refreshing  Stomachic—and  ten  drops  of
Tinct. Ferri  Muriati put into the  water in
which you  dissolve the Citric Acid — a fine
effervescing Chalybeate.
   The day  after a feast, if you feel fevered
and heated, you cannot do better than drink
a  half-pint glass or  two of  Single  Soda
Water between Breakfast and  Dinner.
   Double Soda  Water   (especially it
made  with  tepid  water)  is  an  excellent
auxiliary  to   accelerate  the  operation  of
Aperient Medicine—and, if  taken in  the
Morning fasting, will sometimes  move the
Bowels without further assistance.
   If  some good Cogniac  or   Essence  of
Ginger (No. 411) be added to it, it. is one of
the best helps to set the Stomach to work —
and remove  the distressing languor which
sometimes follows hard drinking.

    Essence of Ginger, (No. 411.)
   The fragrant aroma of  Ginger  is so ex-
tremely volatile,  that it evaporates almost as 
 248  TnE art of invigoating  life.

 soon as it is pounded — the fine Lemon  peel
 gout flies off presently.
   If Ginger is taken  to produce an imme-
 diate effect— to  warm a  stomach — dispel
 Flatulence, &c, or as an addition to Aperient
 Medicine — the following  is the best  pre-
 paration of it: —
   Steep three ounces of fresh grated Ginger,
 and one ounce of fresh Lemon Peel, (cut
 thin) in a quart of Brandy — or Proof Spirit
 for ten  days, shaking  it up each day.
   N. B.  TlNCTURF  OF ALLSPICE,  which,
 is sometimes called Essence of Bishop,  for
 making  Mulled Wine,  &c extempore, is pre-
 pared in the same manner.

          Gruel, (No-  252).
   1st. Ask  those who are to tat it, if they
like it thick or thin; if the latter,  mix well
togethtrr  by degrees, in a  pint  basin,  one
'ablespoonful of Oatmeal with three of cold
water; — if the former, two spoonsful. 
PEPTIC PRECEPTS.
249
   Have ready in a stewpan, a pint of boil-
ing water or milk — pour this  by degrees to
the Oatmeal you have  mixed — return it into
the Stewpan —  set it on the fire — and let it
boil for five minutes — stirring it all the time
to prevent the Oatmeal trom burning at  the
bottom of the btewpan—skim—and strain
it through a  Hair Sieve.
   2d.  To convert  this into Candle — add
a  little  Ale — Wine — or  Brandy__with
Sugar — and if the Bowels are disordered a
little  Nutneg or Ginger griuid
   Gruel may be made with Broth* (No 490)

  * Portable Soup, or Glaze. — (No. 252.)—Desire
tfie Butcher to break the bones of a leg or a shin of
Beef,  of 10 pounds weight (the fresher killed  the
better), put it into a Soup-pot (a Digester is the best
utensil for this purpose) that  will well  hold it; just
cover  it  with cold water, and set it on the fire to heat
gradually till it nearly boils, (this should be at least an
hour);—skim it attentively while any scum rises,—pour
in a little cold water,  to throw up the scum that may
remain,—let it come to a boil again, and again skim it
carefully: when no more scum rises, and the broth ap* 
 250   THE ART OF  INVIGORATING LIFE*

 or(No. 252,) or (No. 564,) instead of Water—
 (to  make Crowdie,see (No. 205*,)—and may

 pears clear, (put in neither Roots nor Herbs nor Salt,)
 let it boil for eight or ten hours, and then strain it
 through a hair sieve into a brown stone pan ; set the
 Broth where it will cool quickly ; put the meat into a
 sieve, let it drain, make Potted Beef (No. 503),—or it
 will be very acceptable to many poor families.  Next
 day remove every particle of Fat from the top of it, and
 pour it through a Tammis or fine sieve as quietly as
 possible into a Stewpan, taking care not to let any of
 the settlings at the bottom of the stone pan go into the
 Stewpan, which should be of thick Copper, perfectly
 well tinned; add a quarter of an ounce of whole Black
 Pepper to it, let  it boil briskly, with  the stewpan
 uncovered, on  a quick firefjif any scum rises, take it
off with a skimmer; when it begins to thicken, and is
reduced to about a quart, put it into a smaller stew-
pan ;  set it over a gentler fire, till it is reduced to the
thickness of a very thick Syrup ; take care that it does
not burn,—a moment's inattention now will lose you all
your labour, and the soup will be spoiled:—take a little
of it out in a  spoon and let it  cool ; if it sets into
strong Jelly, it is done enough,—if it does not, boil it
a little longe  , till it does ;—have ready  some little
pots, such as are used for potted meats, about an inch 
PEPTIC PRECEPTS.
251
be flavoured with Sweet Herbs — Soup Roots
and Savoury Spices—by boiling them tor a

and a half deep, taking care that they are quite dry ;—
we recommend it to be kept in these pots,  if it is for
home consumption—(~the less it is reduced,  the better
is the favour of the Soup J—if it be sufficiently con-
centrated to keep for six months ; —if you wish  to
preserve it longer,  put it into such bladders as are
used for German -ausages,  or if you prefer it in the
form of Cakes, pour it into a dish about a quarter of
an inch deep ; when it is cold,  turn it out and weigh
the Cake, and divid it with a paste-cutter into peices
of half an ounce and an ounce each ; place them in a
warm room, and turn them frequently till they are
thoroug \'.y dried ;—this will take a week or ten days ;
turn them twice a day;—when well  hardened, if
kept in a dry place, they may be preserved for several
years in  any climate.
   This extract of Meat makes excellent " Tablettes de
Bouillon," for those who are obliged to endure long
fasting.
  06*.- The uses of this concentrated Essence of Meat
are numerous.   It  is equally economical and conve-
nient for making extempore Broths, Sauces and Gravies
for Hashed or atewed Meat, Game, or Poultry, &c.
                       23 
  252   THE  ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

  few minutes  in the water you are going to
  make the  gruel with-—or Zest (No. 255y—

   You  may thicken it  and flavour it as directed in
  (No 329) ;—to make Gravy, Sauces, Sec. take double
 the quantity ordered for  Broth.
   If you  have time and opportunity, as there is  no
 seasoning in the  Soup, either of Hoots,  Herbs,  or
 Spice, boil an Onion with or without a bit of  Parsley,
 and Swe et Herbs, and a few corns of Allspice,  or other
 Spice,  in the water you melt the Soup in, which may
 be flavoured with  Mushroom Catsup (No. 439),—or
 Eschalot Wine (No. 402j,—Essence of  Sweet  Herbs
 (No. 417),—Savoury Spices (Nos. 421, or 457),—Es-
 sence of Celery (Vo. 409),  Sic.  or Zest   (No. 255) ;—
 these may be combined  in the proportions most agree-
 able to the palate of the Eater — and are as portable
 as Portable Soup, for a very small portion will flavour
 a Pint.
  The  Editor adds  nothing to the solution of this
 Soup, but a very little ground Black Pepper and some
 Salt.
  Mem. This Portable Soup is a most  convenient
 article in Cookery—especially in Small Families, where
 it will save a great deal of time  and trouble.   It is
 also Economical, for no  more will be melted than  is
wanted—so there is no waste. 
PEPTIC PRECEPTS,
253
Pea Powder (No. 458) — or dried Mint—•
Mushroom  Catsup (No. 439)—-or  a  few

  A Shtx of Beef, weighing nine pounds, and costing
1*. 10$d. produced nine ounces of concentrated Soup,
sufficiently reduced to keep for several months. After
the Boiling, the Bones in this joint weighed two pounds
and a quarter, and the Meat two pounds and a quarter.
  As it is difficult to obtain this ready-made of  good
quality—and we could not find any proper and circum-
stantial directions for making it, which on trial answer-
ed the purpose, — and it is really a great acquisition to
the Army and Navy—to Travellers,  Invalids, &c.—
the Editor has bestowed some time,  &c. in endeavour-
ing to learn—and to teach how it may be prepared in
the easiest,—most economical and perfect manner.
  The ordinary selling price is from 10». to 12s.—but
you may make it according to the above Receipt for
3s. 6d. per Pound—i. e. for 2%d. per Ounce, which will
make you a Pint of Broth.
  Those who do not regard the expense, and like the
flavour, may add the lean of Ham, in the  proportion of
a pound to eight pounds of Leg of Beef.
  It may also be  flavoured by adding to it, at the
time you put the broth into the smaller Stewpan,
Mushroom Catsup,  Shallot Wine, Essences of Spice
or Herbs, &c. ;—we prefer it  uite plain—it is then 
254  THE  ART OF  INVIGORATING LIFE.

grains  of  Curry  Powder  (No. 455)—-or
Savoury  Ragout   Powder  (No. 457)—or
Cayenne (No. 404) — or Celery Seed bruised
— or Soup Herb Powder (No. 459) — or an
Onion minced very  fine and bruised in with
the Oatmeal — or  a little  Eschalot  Wine
No. 402) — or Essence of Celery (No. 409)

ready to  be converted in an instant into  a basin  of
Beef Tea for an  Invalid, and any flavour may be
immediately communicated to it by the Magazine  of
Taste (No. 463.)
  Mutton  Chops delicately Stewed, and good Mutton
Broth.—(No. 490) — Put a Pound of Chops into  a
stewpan with cold water enough to cover them, and
half a pint over, and an Onion,—when it is coining to
a boil, skim it, cover the pan close, and set it over  a
very slow Fire till the Chops are tender,—if they have
been kept a proper time, they will take about three
quarters of an hour's very gentle simmering. Send up
Turnips with them, ,Mo. 130), they may be boiled with
the chops, skim well, and then send all up in a deep
dish, with the Broth they were stewed in.
  N. B. The Broth will make  an Economist  one,—
and  the Meat another wholesome and comfortable
meal. 
             •PEPTIC  PRECEPTS.       255

— or (No. 413) —(No. 417) — or (No.
420), &c
  Plain Gruel, such as is directed in the
first part of this Recipe, is one of the  best
Breakfasts and Suppers that we can recom-
mend to the rational Epicure ; — is the most
comforting soother of an irritable Stomach
that we know — and  particularly acceptable
to it after a hard day's work of • Intemperate
Fasting — when  the  addition of  half  an
ounce of Butter,  and  a teapoonful of Epsom
Salt will give it an aperient quality, which
will assist  the principal Viscera to get rid of
their burden.
  " Water  Gruel  (says Tryon on his  Obs.
on  Health,  16mo.  1688, p.  42,) is  "the
King of Spoon Meats,"  and* "the Queen
of Soups,"  and gratifies nature beyond  all
others.
  In the *«  Art of thriving," 1697, p. 8, are
directions for preparing Fourscore Noble and
Wholesome Dishes, upon most  of which a
Man may live excellent well for Twopence a
                   23* 
256   the art of invigorating life*

day : the author's Obs. on Water  Gruel is
that   "Essence  of  Oatmeal" makes "a
noble and exhilarating mealJ"
   Dr. Franklin's favourite  Breakfast was
a good basin of warm Gruel, in which there
was  a small slice of  Butter  with Toasted
Bread and Nutmeg — the expense of  this,
he reckoned at three half-pence.
   "  Mastication is a  very  necessary Prepa-
ration of solid Aliment, without which there
can  be  no good Digestion."—The above are
the  first lines in  Arbuthnot's  Essay on
Aliment.
   This first act of the important process of
 Digestion, is most perfectly performed, when
 the  flavour, &c.  of our Food is agreeable to
 our  taste ;  — we naturally detain upon our
 Palate  those things which please it, — and
 the  Meat we  relish most, is  consequently
 most broken down  by chewing,  and  most
 intimately  incorporated with the Saliva —
 this is the reason why  what  we desire most,
 we digest best. 
PEPTIC PRECEPTS.
257
   Here, is a sufficient answer,  to the  Folios
which have sprung from the Pens of cynical
and senseless Scribblers — on whom Nature
not  having  bestowed a  Palate, they have
proscribed  those  pleasures  they  had  not
Sense*  to taste,  or  comprehend   the wise
purposes for which  they were given  to  us,
and

     " Compound for Sins  they are inclin'd to,
      By damning those they have no mind to."

   * Men are but rarely " framed so in the prodigality
of Nature," as to have all their Senses in perfection—
very few have a single one, that approximates within
many degrees of it—the Eye of Raphael,  the Ear of
Handel, the Palate of Apicius—or the sensitive touch
of the blind Girl, who could feel Colours—are pancratic
faculties which are seldom produced.
   The following division of the Senses is so excellent
that I copy it from the scarce Book refered to below;—
   " I distinguish the Six Senses by the character of
noxious and innocent.   The first three,  Thinking —
Seeing — and Hearing— are the  innocent.  The last
three, Feeling—Tasting—and  Smelling—the noxious.
   " I pursue happiness or systematic  pleasurable 
258  THE  ART OF INVIGORATING  LIFE.

   How large  a share of  the  business   of
Digestion  is  managed by  Mastication, has
been shown by the experiments of Spal-
lanzani*.

sensation, in the cultivation of the first class—and in
the control of the latter."—See  the  Life of John
Stewart the Traveller, p. 12.
  " " I took two pieces of Mutton, each weighing 45
grains, and  having chewed one as much as  I used to
chew myfood—enclosed them in two separate spheres
—and swallowed them at the same time—these tubes
were voided at the same time—of the masticated meat
there remained only 4 grains—of the other there were
18 left.
  " The necessity of Masticatiori is sufficiently known—
there is perhaps no person who has not, some time or
other, suffered from  Indigestion, for want of having
chewed  his  food properly.   The reason is obvious.
Not to mention the saliva which moistens the food and
predisposes  it to be dissolved, it cannot be doubted,
that when it is reduced to pieces by the action of  the
Teeth, the gastric fluid penetrates, and attacking it at
more points, dissolves it more speedily than when  it
was whole.  This is true of menstrua in  general, which
always dissolve bodies sooner when they have been pre. 
PEPTIC PRECEPTS.
259
   To  Chew long, and leisurely, is the only
way to extract the essence of our  food—to
enjoy the taste of it, and to  render it easily
convertible into laudable Chyle, by the facility
it  gives  to the gastric  juices to dissolve it
without trouble.
   The pleasure of the  Palate, and the health
of the Stomach, are equally promoted by this
galutary habit, which all should be taught to
acquire  in their infancy.
   The more tender meat is, the more we may
eat of it.—That  which  is most difficult  to
Chew, is of course most difficult to Digest.
   From 30 to 40 (according to  the tender-
ness of the meat) has been calculated as the
mean  number of Munches, that solid  meat
requires, to prepare  for its journey  down

viously broken to pieces. This is also the reason why,
in  other experiments, masticated bread and dressed
flesh were more readily dissolved than unchewed bread
and raw flesh.  The boiling had made it tenderer, and
consequently disposed it to allow ingress to the  gastric
fluid."—Sjallakzani on Digestion,  vol. i. p. 277. 
260 THE ART  OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

the Red  Lane; less  will  be  sufficient  for
tender, delicate, and easily digestible  white
meats.
   The  sagacious Gourmand, will calculate
this precisely,—and not waste his precious
moments in  useless Jaw-work, or invite an
Indigestion by neglecting Mastication.
   I cannot give any positive rules for this, it
depends on  the state of the Teeth*  ;  every
one, especially the Dyspeptic^ ought to ascer-
tain the  condition  of these useful working
tools ; and  to use  them with  proportionate
diligence, is an indispensable exercise which
every rational Epicure will most cheerfully
perform, who has any regard for the  welfare
of his Stomachf.

  * In no  branch of the practice of Physic, is there
more Dangerous Quackery, than in this department —
the only means we can furnish our friends with to avoid
this — is to recommend them to apply to a  scientific
Dentist of acknowledged integrity and experience. —
Our own mouth is under considerable obligations to
Mr. Edmonds, of Conduit Street  Hanover Square.
  f " Slave-dealers are well acquainted with the cha- 
PEPTIC PRECEPTS.
261
    It has been recommended, that those whose
 Teeth are defective, should mince their meat
 — this  will certainly save  trouble  to both
 Teeth and Stomach — nevertheless, it  is ad-
 visable, let the meat be minced ever so fine,
 to endeavour to mumble it into a pulp before
 it be introduced to the Stomach — on account
 of the advantage derived from its admixture
 with the Saliva.
   '* By  experiment,  I determined the quan-
 tity of Saliva secreted  in half an hour, to  be
 whilst the parts were at rest, four drachms,—
 whilst eating, five ounces four drachms/' —
 Stark on  Diet, p. 99.
   Mastication  is the source of all good
 Digestion; with its assistance, almost any
 thing may  be put  into any stomach with im-
punity :— without  it, Digestion  is always
difficult,  and  often impossible:  and  be  it

racteristic signs of perfect Health—any defect of which
much diminishes the value of a Slave.  The want of a
Tooth makes a Slave worth two Dollars less."- _,
Fiwke's Medical Geography, vol. i, p. 449. 
262   THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE.

always remembered, it is not merely what we
eat, but what we digest well, that  nourishes
us.
  The sagacious Gourmand is  ever mindful
of his motto —
" Masticate, Denticate, Chump, Grind and Swallow."
  The four first acts, he knows he must per-
form properly,— before he dare attempt the
fifth.
  Those who cannot enjoy a savoury-morsel
on account of their Teeth,  or rather on  ac-
count of the want of  them, we refer to the
note at the foot of p. 260, and  also have the
pleasure to inform them, that Patent  Mas-
ticatwrs are made by Palmer, Cutler, in
St.  James's Street.
  To those who may inadvertently exercise
their Masticative faculties on unworthy ma-
terials — or  longer on worthy ones than na-
ture finds convenient, we recommend " Peris-
taltic Persuaders."   bee page 235.
  When either the Teeth or Stomach are ex- 
PEPTIC  PRECEPTS.        263
 tremely feeble, especial  care must be taken
 to  keep Meat till it is tender — before  it is
 cooked — and call  in the aid of the Pestle
 and Mortar.—And see  Nos.  1(),—18,—87,
 —89, — 175, — 1 78 ; from 185  to 250 —
 502—542 — and especially 503.  Or  dress
 in  the  usuai  way whatever is best liked —
 mince it—put it into a Mortar— and pound
 it with a little  Broth or melted  Butter, —
 Vegetable,—Herb,—Spice,— Zest, No. 255,
 &c.—according to the   taste,  he. of  the
 Eater.—The business of the Stomach is thus
 very materially facilitated.
   " Mincing  or Pounding Meat — saveth
 the grinding  of the Teeth ; and  therefore
 (no doubt) is more nourishing, especially in
 Age,—or to them that  have  weak teeth ;
 but Butter  is  not pre per for weak bodies,—
and therefore, moisten it in pounding  with
a  little Claret Wine,  and a very little  Cin-
namon or Nutmeg."—Lord Bacon's  Na-
tural- history, Century 1.—54.
  This  is important Advice for those  who
                   24 
264  THE  ART OF  INVIGORATING LIFE.

are afflicted with "  Tic Douloureux" — the
paroxysm of which is generally provoked by
the exercise of Eating,—and the Editor has
known that dreadful disorder  cured  by the
Patient frequently taking food thus prepared
in small portions, instead of a regular meal.
  The Teeth should  be cleaned after every
meal with a " Tooth  Preserver," (£. e, a
very soft brush,) and then  rinced with tepid
water—never neglect this at night;—nothing
destroys the Teeth so fast as  suffering food
to stick between them  — those who observe
this rule, will seldom  have any occasion for
Dentifrices—Essences  of Ivory—Indurating
Liquid Enamels, cifc.
   But it  is the rage just  now  with some
Dentists, to recommend  Brushes so hard,
that they fetch Blood like a Lancet wherever
they touch ; and  instead  of " Teeth Pre-
servers" these should rather be termed " Gum
Bleeders."
   Not even a  Philosopher can endure  the
Toothach patiently—what  an  overcomin 
PEPTIC PRECEPTS.
265
agony then it must be to a Grand Gourmand!
depriving him of the means of enjoying an
amusement which to him is the grand solace
for all sublunary cares.—To alleviate,  and
indeed generally to  cure this intolerable pain
—we recommend

Trothache and Anti-rheumatic  Embrocation,
                (No. 567.)

         Sal Volatile—three Parts.
         Laudanum—one part.

Mix and rub  the part in pain therewith fre-
quently.  If the Tooth which aches is hollow,
drop some of this on a bit of cotton, and put
it  into the Tooth,—if the pain  does not
abate within an hour — take out the cotton,
and put another piece in—changing it every
hour four or five  times, till the pain ceases.
   In a general Face-ach, or sore Throat —
moisten  a piece of flannel with  it and put
it   to the  part  affected,—rub   any   part
afflicted with Rheumatism night and morning 
266  THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIF£.

and in the middle of the day.  I  have fre-
quently cured old and inveterate Rheumatic
affections with this Liniment, 
INDEX.
                   PAGE                     PABt
Actors,   Hints   to,      Anxiety of Mind,Evils
  concerning   their        arising from .  . 85 to 87
  Health........   96  ---Do. Sir John Sin-
Ale ..........11, 144    clair on, Note  to . .  86
---Stale ditto, how      ----Do.  Dr. Whytt,
  to make fresh ...  11    do............  86
Abernethy, Mr., quo-      ----Do.  Sir Thomas
  ted 9, 41, 49, 102, 159,    Barnard, do......  86
                178, 238  ----Do.  Dr. Colton,
Abstinence, cheapest        do............  86
  Cure for Intemper-      Appetite, to refresh . 163
  ance..........159  ----Tbree Sorts of,
Athletic weight, what  59    in Note to......163
Air, on the change of   8  ----Varieties of. . . 169
----Do. Note at foot      ---- Montaigne's
  of............  66    Obs. on........200
----  Stagnant,  Dr.      Aperients,  what the
  Struve's Obs. on . . 114    best..........215
----General Obs. on      ----what they ought
  change of, &c. ... 119      to do........219
----not always advi-      ----L'd Bacon's Obs. 219
  sable.........121  Aperients,   Locke's
Animal Food......  10    do............221
Alcohol,  proportion      ----  Dr. Hamilton's
  of, in Wines, Bran-        do............221
  dy, Gin,  &.c.....138  ----best time to in-
■--- Dr.   Phillips's        troduce  them to
  Obs. on........145    the Stomach  .... 235
Arbuthnot, Dr., quo-      ----for Children ... 237
  ted,.........1, 19  Astringents......232
----Obs. on Mastica-      Bacon, Lord, his Obs.
  tion...........250    on Aperients  .... 219
                      24* 
268
INDEX.
                   FACE
---- on   Food  for
  those whose Teeth
  are defective .... 263
Barclay, Capt.  quo-
  ted...........3,  7
----his Diet during
  his  extraordinary
  walk..........  13
Balsamum Vitae ....  97
Brown, Dr., his Obs.
  on the Materia Me-
  dica, &c........   5
Bath, tepid......126
Brain, the two  ways
  of fertilizing ....  68
Bed Room.......  90
----Curtains.....  91
Bed, best . •......  91
---ventilated ....  92
----  Do.  in  hot
  weather........  92
----A Fire in.....  93
----Clothes......103
---- Ditto, ditto, in
  cold weather .... 104
Beef........10,22,31
----eaters preferred
  to Sheep-biters .. .  29
—— Tea, how to
  make.......96, 182
----a good Tonic .. 182
---- on the  digesti-
   bility of........177
----Obs. on, by Bry-
                   PABE
  an Robinson.  By
  the Editor.  By Mr.
  Astley Cooper . . . 177
Beer ...  11,  23, 28, 144
Breakfast........  20
----Do. of Be^-f Tea
  recommended  af-
  ter hard drinking  161
---- of Queen Eli-
  zabeth, A. I). 1550 184
■----of a  Washerwo-
  man  in A. D.  1821 184
Bread,  Liquid  .... 144
----Crust  of,  won-
  derful virtues of . . 169
Broils..........  26
Broths, in  what de-
  gree nutritive ...  30
----excellent  Mut-
  ton ...........254
Breath, Rose Jujubes
  for those who have
  not  a  remarkable
  sweet.........231
Blumenbach  on the
  Pulse.........  45
Bowels, constipated,
  how to regulate . .  220
----relaxed, do . . .  228
Braces..........Ill
Bons-Vivants, hint to  122
---Do. do. 207 and 208
Brandj, how much it
   wastes in keeping  135 
INDEX.
269
                  PACE
----where to buy it 141
Bilious Attack .."... 172
----Disorders . . .	238
Bishop, Essence of.	248
Bouillon, Tablettes	
de...........	179
----Do. how to make	251
Cadogan, Dr. Ad-	
dress to him quo-	
ted ..........	169
	83
Calcavella Wine . .	154
	24S
Cellar, the tempera	
ture of a good . .	133
.---on the manage	
	134
Cheyne, Dr., quoted	
8?	216
Corpulency, ~) 2g 50 fi4	
to reduce. 3	
---- Authors whe	
have written there	
	64
----by walking . .	62
----by fasting . . .	62
---by purging.. .	b2
----Panacea for . .	1*0
	17
----Dr. Armstrong's	
Obs. on. Struve's	
do...........	65
Colton, his Obs. on	
Intemperance . . .	34
                   PAfiT.
 Crabs...........  30
 Coruaro, a compen-
  dium of his system
  in his own words .  38
 ----liked new wine  136
 Cold Food and Drink,
  bad  for  the  Dys-
  peptic and  Gouty   94
 Uold,  the frequent
  cause of  Palsy ... 113
 ----an  easy way to
  get rid of one . . . H7
 Chronic  Disorders,
  common cause of   63
 ---- importance  of
  Regimen in.....202
 Cooper, Mr.  Astley,
  quoted........177
 Condiments,  the ex-
  cessive use of com-
  mon ...........210
 Chimney Sweeping .  81
 ----Boards.......  91
 Clothes  .........103
 ----  how  to adjust
  them to a nicety . . 104
 ----  Disorders  ari-
  sing  from  change
  of............106
 ----   J.   Stewart's
  Obs. on........106
---- tight  and thin
  very injurious ... HO
Coat----.......106 
270
INDEX.
                  PAGE
Coat,   Great   one,
  where to keep ... 110
Corks, Obs. on.....134
Cosmetic.........125
Crowdie.........250
Curacoa.........141
■    how to make . . 150
Cucumber,  how  to
  eat...........171
Claret...........153
Cheese..........171
Chyle, Dr.  Moore's
  Obs. on the.....212
----Sir John  Sin-
  clair's do.......213
Cinnamon  Lozenges,
  aperient.......224
----Tincture.....233
-------how   to
  make.........244
Cramp in the Stom-
  ach, remedy for  . . 189
Costiveness, habitual
  how to cure.....222
----Do. by a  Sup-
  per or Breakfast  . 224
----Do. b Grapes . 224
----Do. fresh or dri-
  ed Fruits.......224
-*- —  Do.  Cinnamon
  or  Ginger  Lozen-
  ges ............224
----  Do.  Salad Oil,
  &c............225
                   PAGK
Darwin, Dr. quoted  178
Diet, a general rule
  for...........  33
----The proportion
  of Meat to Drink .  57
----Facts relative to 213
Death, sudden in the
  night,  a common
  cause of........193
Digestibility of vari-
  ous Foods......176
Digestion, the  pro-
  cess of, how long
  about.........176
----  Spallanzani's
  Obs. thereon .... 176
----when it goes on
  merrily........203
----how exquisitely
  perfect in Children 208
Dinner.......21  to 24
----a Ban-Yan ....  24
----best time for .  . 179
----Hour  of, A. D.
  157  ..........183
----Dr. Cogan's Obs.
  on............183
----  Mr.  Warner's
  do............183
---- Mr. Pye's do.  . 183
----in the Northum-
  berland Househotdd
  Book 'for   A.  D.
  1512..........184 
INDEX.
271
                  PAGE
Dinner  Hour  of in
  1821, Verses on . . 186
----at  Night,  and
  Supper  in   the
  Morning.......186
Dining out . . 114 8c 153
 — bad effects from 191
Doors, double .....  91
Dogs............  80
Dyspeptic Disorders,
  the common cause
  of............  38
----Do..........  83
---Persons  should
  have warm Food 94, 95
— when extreme,
  remedy for......164
----Hint to......260
Drinkers,  three sorts
  of.............141
——  Thermometer
  for............142
----Hints for hard . 162
----Do..........164
Drinking, the Econo-
  my of..........144
Diarrhoea........228
----Rules for those
  subject to......230
Eating,  good.....172
Ear, instance of a fine
  one...........  47
Edmonds,  Mr.  the
  Dentist.........260
                   PAGE
Eggs, how nutritive .  30
Ennui, remedy for . .  73
Exercise,  the indis-
  pensable   impor-
  tance of........   8
----Mr. Abernethy
  on............   9
----Dr. Cheyne ...   9
----must be increas-
  ed, &.c.........  33
----Neglect of, the
  great cause of in-
  digestion........  38
----Obs. on the im-
  portance of......122
----Do. by Cowper 122
----  Do.  by Arm-
  strong .........122
----Do. by  Dr. Ca-
  dogan..........125
---- Do.  Sir  Chas.
  Scarborough  .... 123
English Melodies ... 233
Epicurism,Dr. Swift's
  Obs. on........185
Eudiometer......120
Economy  of  Drink-
  ing ...........144
Epsom Salt.......217
----the most agree-
  able way to  take
  it............218
Essence of Meat, how
  to obtain....... 251 
272
INDEX.
                   PAGE
Essence  of Oatmeal 256
Fat, what makes ani-
  mals ...........  64
Fasting a day, effect
  of.............  62
■     too   long,  the
  bad effects of,  and
  how to avoid them
           175, 180, 182
Feasting,  intemper-
  ate, to remove the
  disorders   arising
  from...........160
Falconer, Dr. quoted  25
Fish not  so  nutritive
  as Flesh.....29 & 30
----Shell, do......  30
Forty-Winks,  a  nap
  of............  23
Forty,  a man at... . 199
Food, what easiest of
  Digestion.......  26
—— Test of the rela-
  tive    restorative
  powers of  Meat,
  Poultry,  and Fish   28
---- Scale of, do. . .  28
—— Gelatinous ....  30
----what most  invi-
  gorating ......31, 32
-— the Editor's own
  experience..... 31
—"— how  important
  to Health, &c. ...  49
                   PAOB
Food for those whose
  Teeth are defec-
  tive ...........263
Flannel Waistcoats  . 106
Franklin,   Dr.   his
  Economical  Pro-
  ject ...........  75
Fashionable Society,
  disorders of.....  83
Fitzgerald, Mr. quo-
  ted .. . ........  84
Flatulence, the com-
  mon  cause of, and
  how to prevent and
  remove it,  99, 172, 175
Feet, when cold . .  . lt>8
——  should be  kept
  very clean......126
Fire, on the manage-
  ment of a .......H3
----  plan of lighting 11T
Garters..........Ill
Goose roasted,  how
  invigorating.....  29
----the Latin  for it 171
Grog, the strength of  89
Gruel, various  ways
  of making and fla-
  vouring, ........248
----Tryon's Obs. on 255
Gin, proportion  of
   Spirit in.......139
 Ginger Lozenges ... 173
 —— Aperient.....224 
INDEX.
273
                   PAGE
Ginger, Tincture of,
  how to make  pre-
  ferable  and more
  convenient   than
  the powder.....247
Gourmand's motto . . 262
Gum-bleeders.....264
Hatching........  68
Health,  Happiness,
  and    Longevity,
  Pope's recipe for    42
Heat, external, pro-
  motes Digestion    158
                and 159
Heartburn,  remedy
  for...........161
Heart, palpitation of 173
Horizontal  refresh.
  meut.........  23
Heberden, Dr.  his
  Obs. on Regimen   198
Hunter, J. on diges-
  tibility  of dressed
  and raw Meats ...  27
Hunger..........180
Heidelburgh Tun .. 131
  iurs,  early ones,
  how Healthful  ...  74
—— late, the bane of
  the  delicate   and
  nervous........  75
Hufieland quoted . . 126
Jackson,  Mr. teacher
  of Sparring.....  51
                   PAGE
Jameson, Dr. quoted  35
Ice after Dinner . . . 167
Jones, Sir William,
  his Andrometer . .  36
Jellies, in what de-
  gree nutritive....  30
Jockey, to waste one  29
Inebriation,how to re-
  lieve  the  indispo-
  sitions arising from 160
---- when  doubly
  debiUtating......162
Indigestion.......  48
—— common cause
  of............  38
---how to relieve . 157
---  Do.  when ex-
  treme  .........164
—— often caused by
  Anxiety of Mind . 172
——  Daubenton re-
  commends  Ipeca-
  cuanha fir, .....189
Ivanhoe, the preface
  to it quoted.....  98
Johnson,  his  Cura-
  coa, ........98,  141
----Brandy,  he. . . 141
Irish Whiskey.....149
Intemperance,  how
  to cure the Chro-
  nic complaints oc-
  casioned by it....  58
Instinct,   the  best 
274
INDEX.
                  PAGE
  guide in the choice
  of Aliment.....198
Instinct, Dr. Heber-
  den's Obs. on____198
----Mr. Abernethy,
  do............198
----from  Domestic
  Management .... 199
—— from Evylyn  . . 200
----from Young. . . 200
----from Montaigne 200
---- from  Dr.   W.
  Hunter........200
----from J. Hunter. 201
----from  Dr. Arm-
  strong .........201
----from Dr. Smith 201
■---from Dr. Adair 201
----from Dr. With-
  ers ............202
----from Dr. Syden-
  ham  ...........202
----from Spectator 202
—— from Dr.  Man-
  deville........203
Kitchiner,  Dr. quo-
  ted ...........  47
Life, how to live  all
  the days of . . 2 and 42
----the Meredian of,
             17,  and 43
—  divided   into
  Three Stages  33 &, 34
----calculation show-
                   PAGE
  ingthe rate of Self-
  Consumption ....  44
Life, do. of the ex-
  pectations  of,  at
  various ages,  ....  45
—— do. note  at foot
  of page........  83
----what  the great
  Art of.........  67
—— Literary  men,
  not long-lived  ...  69
--- A country ....  82
Lavement........228
Lettsom, Dr. his mo-
  ral  and  physical
  Thermometer,. . . 142
Lemon Peel,  how to
  make Quintessence
  of............218
Lip, under,  plump
  and rosy, the most
  certain criterion of
  Health .,.......  15
Liver, how  to render  4*
  Healthful.......  63
----Complaints . . . 239
---- Mr.   Carlisle's
  Observations on . . 239
Lobsters.........  30
Locke, Mr. quoted . 221
Liquid Bread......I44
Luncheon.....21, 175
Lungs...........121
Longings,  especial- 
INDEX.
275
                   PAGE
  ly in  Acute  Dis-
  eases  ..........202
----Wither's Obs. on 202
Lozenges,  60 sorts
  made by Mr. Smith
  Fell Street, Wood
  Street, Cheapside 234
Magnesia, an uncer-
  tain Medicine  . .  . 161
Mastication, how im-
  portant to Diges-
  tion ...........  88
—— Dr.  Arbuthnot
  Obs. on........256
—— Spallanzani do. 258
---  calculation of
  the mean number
  of Munches requi-
  site ...........259
Masticators,  patent,
  where to buy .... 262
Mathematical Valetu-
  dinarian, a calcula-
  tion of.........  18
Mattress, of Horse-
  hair...........  91
Matrimony.......  70
---best ages for . .  70
Meat under-done ...  27
----over-done  ....  27
---thoroughly done
  most digestible .  .  27
—— Essence of...  . 251
----Minced, recom-
                   PAGS
  mended  by  Lord
  Bacon.........263
Mercury, Obs. on . . 240
Measure,   Lyne's
  glass..........129
Madeira.........134
----Obs.........154
Mind, how important
   tranquillity of ... .  9
--- the  vigour  of,
  decays with that of
  the Body........  50
—  exertion   of,
  more   exhausting
  than  that  of the
  Body . . 66,  67 and 87
----Anxiety of, par-
  alyses Digestion .   67
--- Anxiety  of, a
  common cause of
  Indigestion.....172
 Mellifluous  Aroma-
  tics ...........234
 Mutton........10, 22
 ---Digestibility of  177
 ■---Chops, delicate-
   ly stewed......254
 -— Broth, excellent 254
 Midnight, one hour's
   rest before, worth
  two after.......  74
 Mock Turtle recom-
  mended ........206
 ----Birch's ditto  ... 206 
276
INDEX.
                   PAGE
Mock Turtle, Kay's
  ditto...........206
Mountain Wine .... 154
Mulled  Wine,   to
  make extempore . 248
Nap of 40 winks ...  69
Noisy   Neighbours,
  hints to.....76  to 82
——  Actionable Nui-
  sances .........  80
Nervous Disorders  .  83
----Dr. Whytt's Obs.
  on............181
—— people  should
  keep a register of
  their Health,____197
Nightmare,   chief
  cause of,.......  87
— Obs. on, 189 and
  following pages.
—— the Editor's case
  of,...........190
——remedies for . . 192,
                    193
----  Dr.    Whytt's
  case of,........194
----  Mr.   Waller's
  Essay on.......195
Northumberland
  Househould Book  185
Oysters..........  30
—— not so nutritive
  as supposed . . 30, 171
Opium, Obs. on...  .  88
                   PAGE
Opium Lozenges .. . 233
Orange Peel, for ner-
  vous people.....243
Palpitation  of  the
  Heart, the  cause
  and cure of.....173
Do.   oftener  arises
  from  Indigestion,
  than from Organic
  Disease........173
Pocket Pistol,  how
  to charge a.....182
Parkins, Sir Thomas,
  preferred   Beef-
  Eaters  to  Sheep-
  Biters .........291
Parliament, hints to
  Members of......179
Portable Soup.....249
Party-Walls,    their
  thinness........  "6
Peppermint  Lozen-
  ges, .....99, 173, 233
Peptic Precepts. .  . 156
Prawns..........  30
Perspiration,  the pa-
  nacea for  Corpu-
  lence.......... 125
Pulse, an uncertain
  Index..........  16
----   Scale   of its
  pace  at  various
  ages..........  45
— when languid    73 
INDEX.
277
                   PAGE
Peck,  Mr. his Geo-
  graphic de la Goui1-
  mandise........185
Pian o-Fortes......   80
Position,  the  influ-
  ence of,  in allevia-
  ting Disease.....   97
Port, the contents of
  a Pipe of.......130
---Obs. on......137
■       how  to  pur-
  chase .........140
Purgatives,  bad ef-
  fects of violent...  157
---- Ditto........240
----Ditto.......241
Peristaltic    Persua-
  ders, .......215,  219
—— how to make . .  235
■---when to take   227
                    236
— - for Children ... 237
Pills, the advantages
  of............216
Ragout, a restorative
  when advisable . . 204
Regimen, Dr. Heber-
  den's Obs. on ... . 198
—— Dr. Armstrong's
  Do............213
----Celsus' Do. . .. 215
----Dr. Arbuthnot s
  do.............215
—— importance in
                   PAGE
    chronic   Com-
    plaints .......202
 Restorative, Extem-
  pore  ..........206
 Ratcliffe, Dr. quoted 172
 Riding, useful to re-
  duce  Corpulence .  52
 Robinson, Dr. Bryan,
  extract  from  his
  Essay on Food and
  Discharges......  56
 —  his own regimen  58
 Rhubarb, tincture of,
  to make........217
 —— Pill, recommen-
  ded by  Dr. Pem-
  berton.........220
 Rheumatism, remedy
  for...........265
Ruptures.........112
Relaxed Howels.... 228
-— Locke on.....228
----Cheyne on  . . . 229
Salad Oil, remedy for
  Constirpation .... 225
Salt, the best Sauce   210
Sanctorius, the pro-
  portion of his Meat
  to his Drink  ....   57
Sauces  recommend-
  ed by Dr. Moffet..  208
Siesta, the.......    68
—— recommended .   94
—- i^o. Cruikshank  101 
278
INDEX.
                   PAGE
 Siesta Do. by Sancto-
  rius...........101
 ----Do. Dr. Darwin 102
 ----  Do.  Dr.  Har-
  wood..........102
 ----Do. Dr. Adair . 102
 ■-■  - Do.  Mr. Aber-
  nethy.........102
 ---- Do. Eng.  Pro-
  verb ..........103
 ---- Do. Waller ... 103
 ----Do. Lord Bacon 103
 Semi-Siesta .... 23, 101
 Senna, tincture of. . 217
 Second Courses, Obs.
  on............167
 Scribblefast,  Coun-
  sellor, his case  ...  78
Shell Fish........  30
Scudamore, Dr. quo-
  ted ...........177
Sleep........12 to 65
----Struve, Dr. Obs.
  on the importance
  of............  71
 ----time required to  73
----  Dr.  Cheyne's
  remark on, note to  87
 ----  Exercise,   the
  best source of it. .  88
 ----other  means of
  inviting it......  88
 Senses,  few people
  have one perfect   257
                   PAGB
 Senses, Mr. Stewart's
   division   of,  into
   noxious and inno-
   cent ..........257
 Supper..........  24
 ---the  best  for
   those who dine late  24
 —— Do.  for those
   who dine  early ...  24
 ----Obs. on its influ-
   ence on Sleep ...  87
 ----Obs. on a solid
   one...........  88
 Supper, best for the
   Dyspeptic......  90
 ----in the Morning  186
 Singers,  hints  res-
     pecting    their
    Health.......  96
Stark,  his  experi-
   ments on Diet ...  29
 -— Obs. on the Sal-
   iva............261
 Sparring,  the exer-
   cise of recommend-
   ed ............  52
 ---weight reduced
   during an hour ...  55
 Salads...........167
 Soup, how to season  163
 ----Mock Turtle .  . 206
 ----of Rattle Snakes 214
 ----   Portable,  to
   make.........   249 
INDEX.
279
                   PAGE
Sunshine  preferred
  by Dr. Franklin to
  Candlelight.....  75
Stock  Fish,  recom-
  mended   by  Dr.
  Mandeville.....207
Skin, the.........125
Sherry, the contents
  of a Butt of.....130
---analysed for the
  Editor........138
—— Obs. on......154
Scotch  and   Irish
  Whiskey.......149
Soda Water, various
  ways of making . .  245
--- Obs. on......167
Stomach   Warmers,
  where to be had .
----how much it will
  hold, note under .
---must occasional-
  ly have a Holiday
-— centre of Sym-
  pathy .........
----Wind in the . . .
——- put out of tem-
  per by fasting too
  long..........
—— Dr. Hunter says,
  tells the Head what
  it wants........200
----Dr. Smith Do. .  201
----Dr. Adair Do. .  201
158

158

163
165
173
182
25
                  PAGE
Stomach, let it have
  what it asks for .  . 203
---  Dr.  Whytt's
  Obs. on how much
  its disposition, &.c.
  varies.........204
--- of Invalids  re-
  quire screwing up 208
--- Cheyne's  Obs.
  on the importance
  of a clean one . . . 216
Stomachic Tinctures 244
Spice and Wine  ... 207
Spasms in  Stomach,
  how to manage   173,
                   189
Smith, Mr.  his 60
  sorts of Lozenges 234
Stewart,  John,  the
  traveller, his Obs.
  on  Clothes......106
Do. on the Senses . . 257
Spallanzani quoted . 258
Sweet Wines......154
Tar Water........242
Tent Wine.......154
Tempenatute, to pre-
   serve  that of  a
   room regular .... 115
—   best for sitting
   rooms..........jig
—— the influence  of
  in  alleviating  Dis-
  ease..........   94
4 
280
INDEX.
                   PAGE
 Temperature   the
   mean of England   108
 ---  Observations,
   &c............113
 Thermometers, where
   to be placed.....105
 Training,   Captain
   Barclay's Obs. on   3
 ----Do. quoted....   7
 ---- principal rules
   for............   7
 ■    rules........   9
 ----Diet ordered . .  10
 ---time required to
   screw a Man up to
   his fullest strength  14
 ■     Criterions   of
   Good  Condition . .  15
----first preparation
  for............  18
----on the mode of
   Cookery, &c. most
  invigorating..... 25
---- Food must be
  taken warm..... 26
---- Do.,  and ( tho-
  roughly done ....  27
 --- John  Hunter's
  Obs. on  Do......  27
--- Spallanzani, ex-
  periment to prove
  it............. 27
—— diet in  wasting
   a Jockey.......  29
                   PAG£
 Teeth, to take care of 260
 —— the value of. .. 261
 ----Food  for those
   whose Teeth  are
   defective.......263
 ---Preservers .... 264
 ---- Ache, remedy
   for...........265
 Tic Doloureux.....264
 Tewahdiddle......  89
 Tongue  of Pityllus . 210
 lime, the Economy of 69
 Tonic Medicines 182, 219
 ----Tincture ....  242
 Toast and Water,  to
   make..........230
 Tablettes de Bouil-
   lon, how  to make . 251
 Thriving, the art of,
   quoted........255
Valetudinarians, max-
  im for, from  Co-
  mus...........  72
Vegetables, undres-
  sed ...........171
 Voice, when the fal-
  setto begins to fail  47
---what the power
  of depends upon .   99
Ventriloquism  . 173, 2u0
Vinum Britanicum . .  144
Wadd on Corpulency  29
Walking, how it  re-
  duces weight...    62 
INDEX.
281
                   PAGE
Waistbands.......Ill
Water-Cresses ..... 171
Water-drinking,  the
  advantages of ... . 147
Weather, wet ..... 1C8
Wesley, Mr Charles
  his  extraordinary
  Ear........•..  47
Windows, Double..  91
---. Curtains.......  91
Wine .  ............127
----ounces in a Quartfi
  of...........*128
----how to  measure,*
  the contents  of a
  bottle of____128, 129
----Port, how old it
  ought to be.....132
----the  art of  pre-
  serving ........133
----White, why  pre-
  ferable to Red 133,153
----when to bottle   133
----New,  objection
  to.......•  ... 135
----Do. to made old 136
----Cornaro, Obs. on
  old...........136
----  proportion of
  Alcohol in ...... 138
---Do. in Brandy . 138
---Do. in Gin .... 139
---Iceing Wine . . 143
                    THE
                   PAGE
 Wine, recommended
   by St. Paul.....143
 -— no  man  must
   drink it habitually
   before......30,147
 ---- Do. Dr.  Trot-
   ter's Obs. on . ... 147
 ---- silly  rule  of
   some people about
   drinking.......148
 ----  the   relative
   wholesomeness of 151
 ----only three sorts
   of Wine,  note un-
   der............151
 "--- three  sorts of
   drinkers........141
 ---- Sweet Wines,
   Tent,   &c,  how
   made.........154
 ----Vinum Brhanni-
  cum  ...........144
 ---- Writers  on, a
   list of..........154
 Whiskey.........149
 Wind in the St  mach 173
 Whytt, Or,,  quoted .. 181
 ----  his   case  of
   night-mare.....194
 Wholesomes, the ..  . 207
 Worms, remedies for 240
 Young, his  Obs.  on
   Bleep.........  65
END.
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