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               A




       POCKET ATLAS


              OF THE



DESCRIPTIVE  ANATOMY


               OF



    THE HUMAN BODY.




      BY J.  N. MASSE, M.D.,

         PROFESSOR OF ANATOMY, PARIS.




TRANSLATED FROM THE LAST PARIS EDITION AND EDITED




               BY


  GRANVILLE SHARP PATTISON, M.D.,

FBOFESSOR OF ANATOMY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW-YORK ; MEMBEB
  OF THE MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON ; OF THE
    WERNER1AN SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY OF EDIN-
      BURGH ; OF THE SOClETiS MEDICALE D'EMULA-
       TION, AND SOCIETE PHILOMATIQUE OF
              PARIS.
          NEW-YORK:

HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS,

         82 CLIFF STREET.
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EDITOR'S  PREFACE.
  The editor feels much gratification in being en-
abled to present to the  profession of the United
States an American edition of the beautiful " Pock-
et Anatomical Atlas" of Professor  J. N. Masse,
of Paris.  As  a  teacher of Anatomy, he has long
felt the want of such a work to recommend to his
pupils ;  and, recalling  to his mind the  difficulties
he encountered himself, as a student, in the culti-
vation of anatomical science, he is enabled to form
a just estimate  of the value of such an atlas.  There
are, it is true,  already in existence many valuable
anatomical atlases.   These are, however, not only
too voluminous  and too expensive to  supply the
wants of the great body of the profession, but, as
it has been observed by the author, from the dif-
ferent parts of the same organ being represented
in different engravings, the student, from his being
obliged, in consulting them, to refer to different
plates, becomes confused, and  is unable to form a
correct  idea of  the true structure of  the organ
which he studies.   Again, from  their  size, they
are only suited  for consultation  at  home;  they
cannot be carried into the anatomical theatre and
the dissecting-room, which, in the opinion of the 
iv
editor's  preface.
editor, is a great objection against their use.   The
pocket form of the Anatomical Atlas of Professor
Masse enables the student to make it his constant
companion.   He places it before his eye as he lis-
tens to the demonstration of the  professor in the
lecture-room; and on his return home, on his ex-
amining the plates, the subjects of which he has
heard demonstrated, the lesson taught by his teach-
er is forcibly recalled to his mind.  In the dissect-
ing-room, the Pocket Atlas serves as a guide to
the student in the prosecution of his dissections;
it not only teaches him how to expose the organs,
the structure of which he is  investigating, but the
engravings so clearly exhibit them to his eye, and
the text furnishes such satisfactory information as
to the name and locality of every part of the struc-
ture he has unveiled, that the necessity for the as-
sistance of a demonstrator is, in a great measure,
obviated.  To the physician  or surgeon who has
no means of referring to the subject, Masse's Atlas
will be found  an invaluable  work for reference.
When the former wishes to  refer to the position
of any particular viscus, and to study its relations,
or when symptoms depending on nervous connex-
ion arise in  disease which he cannot explain, re-
ferring to this Atlas, all his difficulties are removed.
When the latter prepares himself for the perform-
ance of a surgical operation, and when, in vain,
he attempts  to recall to his mind surgical relations
long since seen, and  now only confusedly remem- 
               editor's preface.              V

bered, referring to his Atlas, the vision of the past
is recalled to the mind in all its original freshness,
and with confidence he is enabled to perform his
operation.   Such being the fact, invaluable as the
possession of this  Pocket Atlas is to the medical
student, it is, if possible, still more valuable to the
country  physician and surgeon;  and,  from the
very low price at which it is furnished, we are
much mistaken if it does not obtain a more exten-
sive circulation than any similar work ever before
published in the  United States.
  When we first  contemplated the  republication
of" Professor Masse's Pocket Anatomical At-
las,"  we thought we would improve it by re-wri-
ting the descriptions of the plates, and greatly ex-
tending them ; but, having done this  in several in-
stances,  we found that our descriptions, so con-
ducted, would require several  pages  of letter
press.  By so extending the text, one of the great
advantages  of the  work would be destroyed, that
of having the description  and the plate placed on
opposite pages, and we therefore altered our ori-
ginal  intention; but, although we have adhered
to the plan of the  author in having the whole ex-
planation of a plate confined to a single page, we
have  still taken  considerable liberty with the au-
thor's  text  ; we  have  made many alterations
where we  thought we could, by doing so, give
more perspicuity to the description ;  and we have
also enlarged it, when we could do so without ex-
                      A 2 
vi
editor's  preface.
ceeding the single page.  We have adopted the
nomenclature of Cruveilhier, as  we wish this At-
las to be a companion to the  admirable System of
Anatomy of this distinguished anatomist, which we
republished last year.
   We consider  the  execution of the work as a
proud  trophy  to  the arts of the United States.
The engravings  on  steel, by Mr. Ormsby, are
most  excellent;  and the colouring, by Mr. Ack-
erman, is above all praise.  Although Masse's At-
las is justly considered one  of the most beautiful
works ever published in Paris,  the most critical
must  admit that, in  so far as the engraving and
colouring  is concerned, the  American edition is,
to say the least of it, fully equal to the edition ex-
ecuted by the Parisian artists.  We  would farther
add that, in so far as the references are concern-
ed, this edition is much more correct than the Eu-
ropean one, as we have taken great pains to cor-
rect numerous inaccuracies  which existed in the
French copy.
   The Messrs. Harper & Brothers, with their usu-
al enterprise, have fixed the price at  $3 00 for the
plain, and $.,. 00 for  the coloured copies, which is
less than half the price charged for imported cop-
ies.  Such liberality should, and we have no doubt
will, be met by a corresponding patronage on the
part of the profession.
   University of New-York, >
      October 20, 1845.   \ 
PREFACE.
  The interest which is attached to every depart-
ment of human knowledge  has caused the means
for its diffusion to be greatly increased.  Art has
rendered to anatomical science, in particular, most
invaluable aid.  Our museums  are, with justice,
proud of the wax  preparations  of Laumonier, of
Dupont, and of the elder Guy, their rival.   Anat-
omy owes much, also,  to painting; and we take
great pleasure in here offering a tribute of respect
and our  sincere thanks'to  M. Leveille, a young
artist whose skilful pencil, always directed  by an
acquaintance with  the  subject, is destined to ren-
der to our science important assistance.  We are
happy to have it in  our  power  to state that the
engravings  are  a  faithful  representation  of his
drawings, and  contribute much to the value of
our work.
  The dead body, without doubt, is the true source
from which the physician should derive his knowl-
edge.   It is nature herself that he must observe
and understand. But he must know how to study
her; and, in her absence, it is useful to preserve
her image.   The  arts are brethren,  and  ought
mutually to assist each  other  in  satisfying the 
Vlll
PREFACE.
wants and ministering to the pleasures of man.
Every means must be employed to acquire knowl-
edge ; and we must be grateful to every variety
of talent which  furnishes us with those means.
If it be true that  dissecting  manuals and direc-
tions as to the mode of exposing organs placed at
the beginning of anatomical descriptions are use-
ful, it  is equally true that pupils almost never con-
sult them.  An exact and accurate design of an
organ will quickly and  clearly point out the prep-
aration necessary for its exposition.   In this point
of view, it is our opinion that the Atlas will form
a necessary complement to works on descriptive
anatomy.   To the physician, anatomy is not only
a science, it is also an art; and  this art, which
constituted the glory of Dessault, of Boyer, of Du-
puytren, like all  others, must be  learned.   With
regard to dissection, the directions are tedious and
fatiguing; a single sketch shows both the end and
the means.  Longum iter per prcecepta, breve per
exempla.
  It is often remarked that we retain the recol-
lection of objects in proportion to the amount of
trouble  we  have  had  in  discovering them.  It
would be nearer the truth to say that we retain
them  so much  the better, the  better they have
been  prepared and seen.   The object which is
only sought for does not meet the  eye, and leaves
no trace in the mind.   It is with pain and sorrow
that one sees a number of pupils daily waste pre- 
preface.
ix
cious hours in searching for organs which they
never display  in a proper manner;  so that, after
much trouble, they cannot but read with ennui the
description of an organ  badly prepared, imper-
fectly seen, and, consequently, difficult or impossi-
ble to be recollected.   An Atlas, which the stu-
dent can carry with him into the dissecting-room,
and place by the side of his subject, will be a pow-
erful means of diminishing his labour and increas-
ing its value.
   When the subject is not before us, it is tedious
to read over a long, intricate, and dry description.
Study will  become easy, however, when we have
before us a drawing  which we have compared
with the original, and whose accuracy we have
tested.   Students will appreciate this benefit, es-
pecially when the season of anatomical instruc-
tion has expired, and the  time of examination
draws nigh.  When  this period arrives,  which
excites fears even in the minds of the best prepa-
red, they want to review in a few days, even in a
few moments, an infinity of topics.  Then they
become excited ;  they wish to run over the multi-
plied  springs and wheel-work of the human ma-
chine ; but the scalpel is too slow ;  it rivets atten-
tion on some objects, and causes  others to be neg-
lected.   The student,  under these circumstances,
abandons the dead body, which only allows itself
to be interrogated by  slowness and  patience, and
has recourse to the large atlases.  It is often a 
X
PREFACE.
difficult matter for him to procure these ;  and even
if one should be at hand, he is obliged to run over
the numerous designs, in which are separately
represented the different elements of the same or-
gan.  This kind of dissection is generally tedious,
fatiguing, and, at  such  a time, unprofitable.  An
atlas, to be valuable, must have precision.   Too
great a number of figures only produce  prolixity
and confusion.
  We  have endeavoured to combine  accuracy
with precision.   In order to be up to the present
state of the science, we have deemed it  our duty
to consult the different atlases, and especially to ex-
amine minutely the discoveries of Scarpa, Arnold,
Breschet, Cruveilhier, &c.;  but, in  availing our-
selves of these valuable resources, we have always
had our sketches taken from nature.  Aponeurol-
ogy, a part of anatomy still  new, has been treated
with care, and  in detail.  Neurology, that other
department of anatomy  so difficult and so impor-
tant, has cost us much labour, and we flatter our-
selves that our pains will not be useless.  We have
profited by the researches we made some time ago
on the anatomy of the nervous centres, as well in
regard to position as to structure, and we believe
that  pupils will, at last, advance  with  assurance
into the study of this curious world of thought.
  The methodical arrangement of the classic au-
thors is often the reverse of the order  that must
be pursued in  dissection; so that it may become 
PREFACE.
XI
necessary to begin a description at the end, and
to finish it at the beginning.   The order that we
have followed in general is that of nature, of dis-
section, and of the  anatomy of relation;  but  as
we have been obliged to sacrifice it, in some in-
stances, to the arrangement of the designs, we add,
at the  end of  the Atlas, a table, which refers to
each figure in the order of preparation.
   We have been careful to  represent the entire
organs.  For instance, to display the facial nerve,
it is not necessary to make a particular drawing
of its superficial portion, and then to make  five or
six more to exhibit its deeper branches.   Memory
requires conciseness of system.  The  mind, dis-
tracted among several  objects, without order, and
fatigued by the difficulties incurred in seeking them
out, catches at and retains nothing more than un-
connected and confused ideas.
   It would be a strange error to suppose that we
have thought of withdrawing, for a single moment,
the student from the study of nature herself.  We
have only  aimed at rendering her study more
prompt and more useful; and, at the  same time,
we have  endeavoured to facilitate the remem-
brance of many important  and various objects
when they are no longer present to the sight.
   It is with the same view that we now publish
a Synoptic Anatomy.   By this sort of recapitula-
tion, the essential divisions, the order, the connex-
ion of facts, and their harmony with each other, are 
Xll
PREFACE.
exposed, and the mind is allowed to embrace the
whole of a science, at the same time that it renders
it easy for it to recover each fact which has come
within its comprehension.   The new inquiries on
aponeurology, on the nerves, on the structure of
the nervous centres, which are not found regis-
tered in classic works, not admitting of being de-
scribed  under the synoptic form, have compelled
us to give concise descriptions, which elsewhere
we have placed in connexion with the engravings
of the Atlas. 
CONTENTS.
                      OSTEOLOGY.
   PI. 1. Frontal—Parietal.
   PI. 2. Parietal—Ethmoid.
   PI. 3. Occipital—Sphenoid—Temporal.
   PI. 4. Cranium in general.
   PI. 5. Different sections of the Face—Teeth.
   PI. 6. Superior Maxillary—Palato-Nasal — Os Unguis—Os
Malae—Vomer—Inferior Turbinated Bone—Inferior Maxillary
Bone, and Os Hyoides.
   PI. 7. Vertebrae.
   PI. 8. Vertebral Column  in general — Ribs — Sternum —
Thorax in general—Clavicle.
   PI. 9. Sacrum—Coccyx—Ilium—Pelvis in general.
   PI. 10.  Scapula—Humerus—Ulna—Radius.
   PI. 11.  Bones of the Hand —Femur —Patella —Tibia—
Fibula.
   PI. 12.  Bones of the Leg—Bones of the Foot.

                     ARTHROLOGY.
   PI. 13.  Articulation of the Lower Jaw—Articulation of the
first two Vertebrae with each other and with the Os Occipitis.
   PI. 14.  Articulation  of the anterior part of the first two
Vertebrae  with each other and with the  Os Occipitis, viewed
from behind—Articulation of the Vertebrae in general.
   PI. 15. Articulation of the Vertebrae with the Ribs (Verte-
bro-costal and Costo-transverse) — Articulations of the Ribs
with the Sternum (Sterno-costal)—Articulations of some Ribs
with each other.
                             B 
XIV
CONTENTS.
  PI. 16. Articulations of the Pelvis.
  PL 17. Sterno-clavicular Articulation—Articulations of the
Shoulder—Articulation of the Elbow Joint.
  PL 18. Ulno-radial Articulation—Radio-carpal Articulation
—Articulations of the Hand.
  PL 19. Coxo-femoral Articulation, or Hip Joint—Articula-
tion of Knee—Tibio-fibular Articulation.
  PL 20. Tibio-tarsal Articulation—Articulation of the Foot.

                      MYOLOGY.
  PL 21. Muscles of the Head.
  PL 22. Muscles of the Eye—Pterygoid Muscles—Superfi-
cial Muscles of the Neck.
  PL 23. Muscles of the Supra-hyoid and  Infra-hyoid,  and
lateral  regions of the neck—Muscles of the Pharynx—Muscles
of the Tongue.
  PL 24. Muscles  of the Tongue — Muscles of the  Velum
Palati—Muscles of the Larynx.
  PL 25. Muscles of the Chest and Abdomen.
  PL 26. Muscles of the Abdomen—Muscles of the Genital
Organs of the Male.
  PL 27. Muscles of the Genital Organs of the Female—Tri-
angularis Sterni—Deep  Muscles of the anterior part of the
Neck—Inguinal Canal, viewed from before.
  PI. 28. Diaphragm—Psoae, Quadratus Lumborum, and Ilia-
cus Internus Muscles.
  PL 29. Superficial Muscles of  the  posterior part  of the
Trunk.
  PL 30. Deep muscles of the posterior part of the Trunk.
  PL 31. Deep Muscles on the posterior part of the Neck—
Intercostal, Supra-costal, and Transverso-spinalis Muscles.
  PL 32. Muscles of the Shoulder and Arm.
  PL 33. Superficial Muscles on the anterior part of the Fore-
arm—Deep Muscles on the  anterior part of the Fore-arm.
  PL 34. Superficial Muscles on the posterior part of the Fore-
arm—Deep Muscles on  the posterior part of the Fore-arm—
Muscles of the Hand. 
CONTENTS.
XV
   PL 35. Muscles on the  posterior  part of the  Lower Ex-
tremity.
   PL 36. Muscles on the anterior and inner part of the Thigh.
   PL 37. Muscles of the Leg and Foot.
   PL 38. Deep Muscles of the Leg and Foot.

                   APONEUROLOGY.
   PL 39. Fasciae of the Neck, Axilla, and Eye.
   PL 40. Sections of the Arm, Fore-arm, Thigh, and Leg-
Fasciae of the Abdomen.
   PL 41. Fasciae of the Fold of the  Groin, Pelvis, and Peri-
neum.
   PL 42. Fasciae of the Upper and Lower Extremity.

                 SPLANCHNOLOGY.
   PL 43. Bosom, or Mamma — Tongue — Skin, Nails, and
Hair.
   PL 44. The Eye and its Appendages.
   PL 45. Cartilages of the Nose and  Nasal Fossae.
   PL 46. Organs of Hearing.
   PL 47. Salivary Glands—Buccal and Pharyngeal Cavities.
   PL 48. Pharynx, seen from behind—Larynx, Trachea, and
Bronchial Tubes.
   PL 49. Pleurae and Lungs—Right and Left  side  of the
Heart.
   PL 50. Heart.
   PL 51. Peritoneum.
   PL 52.  Stomach—Duodenum—Liver and Biliary Apparatus.
   PL 53. Cardiac and Pyloric Orifices of the Stomach—In-
testines.
   PL 54. Small Intestine,  and Coecum,  laid open — Biliary
Apparatus and Pancreas—Spleen — Kidney and Supra-renal
Capsule.
   PL 55. Genital Organs of the Male.
   PL 56. Bladder, Urethra, and Prostate Gland—Testicle and
Appendages.
   PL 57. Genital Organs of the Female. 
xvi
CONTENTS.
                 ANGEIOLOGY.  Arteries.
   PL 58. Heart, Arteria Innominata, Carotid and Subclavian,
 &c.
   PL 59. External Carotid, Lingual,  Internal  Maxillary, In-
 ternal Carotid, Ophthalmic, &c, Arteries.
   PL 60. Vertebral Artery—Arteries  of the Brain—Thoracic
 Aorta and its Branches.
   PL 61. Arteries of the Axilla, Arm, and Hand.
   PL 62. Cceliac axis and its branches.
   PL 63. Superior Mesenteric Artery.
   PL G4. Inferior Mesenteric, and Right and Left Colic Ar-
 teries.
   PL 65. Abdominal Aorta and its Branches.
   PL 66. Internal Iliac  Artery and its Branches—Perforating
 Arteries of the Thigh.
   PL 67. Internal Pudic Arteries in the  Male—Internal Pu-
 dic Arteries in the Female.
   PL 68. Arteries of the Lower Extremity.
   PL 69. Arteries of the Leg  and Foot, viewed in  front—
 Scapular Arteries—Arteries on the posterior part of the Arm,
 Fore-arm, and Hand.

                ANGEIOLOGY.  Veins.
   PL 70. Vena Cava, Superior and Inferior—Subclavian Veins
—Vena Azygos—Veins  of the Uterus.
   PL 71. Superficial Veins of the Head and Neck—Subclavian
Veins—Vena Cava Superior.
   PL 72. Superficial Veins of the Upper Extremity.
  PL 73. Vena Portae.
  PL 74.  Superficial Veins  of  the Abdomen, of the Lower
Extremity,  and of the Genital Organs.
  PL 75. Veins of the Spine.
  PL 76. Organs of Circulation in a Foetus
  PL 77. Sinuses of the Dura Mater—Veins of Bones.

         ANGEIOLOGY.  Lymphatic Vessels.
  PL 78. Superficial Lymphatic Vessels and Ganglia of the
Lower Extremity, and lower half of the Abdomen. 
CONTENTS.
XV11
  PL 79. Anterior and deep Lymphatic Vessels and Ganglia
of the Lower Extremity.
  PI. 80. Posterior and deep Lymphatic Vessels and Ganglia
of the Lower extremity.
  PL 81. Lymphatic  Vessels and  Ganglia of the Abdominal
Viscera.
  PL 82. Lymphatic Vessels of the Thoracic and Abdominal
Viscera.
  PL 83.  Thoracic Duct — Receptaculum Chyli — Lumbar
Plexus.
  PL 84. Lymphatic Vessels of the Upper Extremity.
  PI. 85. Lymphatic Vessels and Ganglia of the Axilla, Head,
and Neck.

                     NEUROLOGY.
  PL 86. Dura Mater.
  PL 87. Brain and Origin of the Cranial Nerves.
  PL 88. Corpus Callosum—Fornix—Plexus Choroides, &c.
  PL 89. Third and Fifth Ventricles—Upper portion  of the
Lateral Ventricles—Upper  surface of the Corpus Callosum
and  Cerebellum—Vertical section of the Cerebrum  in the
Median Line.
  PL 90. Different sections of the Cerebellum—View  of the
interior of the Ventricles—Preparations of the Medulla Ob-
longata.
  PL 91. Different sections  of the  Cerebrum, Medulla Ob-
longata, and Nodus Cerebri.
  PL 92. Cerebrum, viewed from below—Plexus Choroides
—Fornix, &c.
  PL 93. Lateral  Ventricle  of the Cerebrum—Cerebellum,
viewed  from below — Fasciculus  of re-enforcement of the
Medulla Oblongata, &c.
  PL 94. Transverse sections of the Cerebrum—Vertical sec-
tion of a Lateral Lobe of the Cerebrum.
  PL 95. Different preparations of the Medulla Spinalis, Me-
dulla Oblongata, and Nodus Cerebri.
  PL 96. Cervical Plexus (superficial portion).
                        B2 
xviii                 CONTENTS.
  PI. 97. Deep portion of the Cervical Plexus — Brachial
Plexus.
  PL 98. Superficial Nerves of the Upper Extremity.
  PL 99. Deep Nerves of the  Upper Extremity.
  PL 100. Facial Nerve—Auditory Nerve—Jacobson's Nerve.
  PL 101. Intercostal Nerves, and branches of the Lumbar
Nerves.
  PL 102. Nerves of the posterior part of the Body.
  PL 103. Lumbar Plexus—Crural Nerve and its Branches.
  PL 104. Nerves of the Lower Extremity.
  PL 105. Sacral Plexus—Sciatic Nerve, &c.
  PL 106. Structure of the Brachial Plexus—Deep Cervical
Nerves, Supra-scapular, Circumflex—Nerves of the Fingers.
  PL 107. Fifth pair of Nerves — Glossopharyngeal, Hypo-
glossal, &c.
  PL 108. Passage of the Cranial Nerves through the Foramina
at the base of the Cranium—Nerves of the Eye.
  PL 109. Olfactory Nerve—Fifth Pair—Ganglion of Meckel,
or Spheno-palatine—Otic Ganglion—Laryngeal Nerves.
  PL 110. Eighth  Pair.
  PL 111. Great Sympathetic (upper portion).
  PL 112. Great Sympathetic (lower portion). 
TABLE
INDICATING THE ORDER  IN WHICH THE FIGURES SHOULD BE CON-
              SULTED AND THE ORGANS DISSECTED.
PI.	1.	Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4.	
PL	2.	Fig. 1.	
PL	3.	Fig. 1, 2, 5, 6, 3, 4.	
PL	2.	Fig. 2, 3, 8, 7, 4, 5, 6.	
PL	4.	Fig. 1, 2, 3.	
PL	6.	Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,	10, 11.
PL	5.	Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 7, 5, 6.	
PL	6.	Fig. 12.	
PL	7.	Fig. 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8.	
PL	8.	Fig. 1, 5, 3, 4, 6, 2, 7.	
PL	9.	Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.	
PL	10	. Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,	10, 11
PL	11.	Fig. 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 4, 5,	10, 11
PL	12	, Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 6, 7, 5, 9;	, 10.
PL	13	Fig. 1, 2, 3.	
PL	14	Fig. 2, 3, 4, 6, 5.	
PL	13	■ Fig. 4, 5.	
PL	14	• Fig. 1.	
PL	13.	Fig. 6.	
PL	15	Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.	
PL	16	. Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4.	
PL	17	Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.	
PL	18,	Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.	
PL	19	Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.	
PL	20	Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.	
PL	21	. Fig. 1, 2.	
PL	22	. Fig. 3, 1,2,4.	
 
XX
TABLE.
PL 23.
PL 24.
PL 25.
PL 27.
PL 26.
PL 28.
PL 27.
PL 26.
PL 27.
PL 29.
PL 30.
PL 31.
PL 32.
PL 33.
PL 34.
PL 35.
PL 36.
PL 37.
PL 38.
PL 39.
PL 42.
PL 40.
PL 41.
PL 42.
PL 40.
PL 43.
PL 44.
PL 45.
PL 46.
PL 47.
PL 48.
PL 43.
PL 49.
PL 50.
PL 49.
PL 51.
PL 52.
PL 53.
Fig. 1, 3, 2.
Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4.

Fig. 4.
Fig. 1.

Fig. 2, 3.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 1.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
3.
3,4.
3.
3,4.
3.

3.
3,4.
2, 3, 4, 5.

5, 6.
3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
5.

4, 5, 6, 7.
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.

3, 4, 5, 7, 6, 8.
4.
2, 3, 4.
2.
Fig. 1, 2.
Fig. 1, 2,  3. 
TABLE.
 PL 54. Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
 PL 55.
 PL 56. Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4.
 PL 57. Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
 PL 58.
 PL 59. Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
 PL 60. Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4.
 PL 61. Fig. 1, 2.
 PL 69. Fig. 1, 2.
 PL 62.
 PL 63.
 PL 64.
 PL 65.
 PL 66. Fig. 1, 2, 3.
 PL 67. Fig. 1, 2.
 PL 68. Fig. 1, 2, 3.
 PL 69. Fig. 3.
 PL 71.
 PL 72. Fig. 1, 3, 2.
 PL 73.
 PL 70. Fig. 1, 2, 3.
 PL 74. Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4.
 PL 75. Fig. 1, 2, 3.
 PL 76. Fig. 1, 2, 3.
 PL 77. Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
 PL 78. Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4.
 PL 79. Fig. 1, 2.
 PL 80. Fig. 1, 2.
 PL 81.
 PL 82.
 PL 83.
 PL 84. Fig. 1, 2.
 PL 85.
 PL 86. Fig. 1, 2.
 PL 87. Fig.  1.
 PL 88. Fig.  1, 2.
PL 89. Fig.  1.
PL 90.  Fig.  1, 2, 3, 4. 
XXII
TABLE
PL 91. Fig. 1, 6, 2, 3.
PL 87. Fig. 2.
PL 91. Fig. 4, 5.
PL 92. Fig. 1, 2, 3.
PL 93. Fig. 1, 2.
PL 94. Fig. 1.
PL 90. Fig. 5, 6.
PL 89. Fig. 2.
PL 93. Fig. 3, 4.
PL 94. Fig. 2, 3, 4.
PL 95. Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,  11.
PL 96.
PL 97.
PL 106. Fig. 1,  2.
PL 98. Fig. 1, 2.
PL 99. Fig. 1, 2.
PL 106. Fig. 3,  4, 5.
PL 101.
PL 103. Fig. 1,  2
PL 105. Fig. 1.
PL 104. Fig. 1.
PL 105. Fig. 2.
PL 104. Fig. 2.
PL 105. Fig. 3.
PL 104. Fig. 3.
PL 102.
PL 108. Fig. 1.
PL 107. Fig. 1.
PL 108. Fig. 2,  3.
PL 100. Fig. 1.
PL 107. Fig. 2,  3.
PL 109. Fig. 2,  3, 1.
PL  100. Fig. 2,  3.
PL U0.
PL 111.
PL 112. 
 
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PI.  1,
             OSTEOLOGY, Plate 1.

   Fig. 1. Frontal bone (anterior surface).
   2. Mesial line, on which we see the trace of the
original division  of the bone.—2. Frontal eminence.
—3. Superciliary ridge.—4.  Portion of the curved
temporal  ridge, to  which the fascia of the temporal
muscle is attached, and below which  the temporal
fossa is situated.—5. Nasal notch, from the centre of
which the nasal spine passes off.—6.  Orbital  arch,
which presents at its inner third the supra-orbital
notch, through which a small artery and a branch of
the ophthalmic division  of the  fifth pair of nerves
pass, and, at its extremities, the external and inter-
nal angular processes are situated.
   Fig. 2. Frontal bone (posterior surface).
   1. A portion of the sagittal groove, which terminates
anteriorly in the frontal spine.—2.  Frontal fossa.—3.
The convex cerebral surface of the orbital plate.
   Fig. 3. Frontal bone (inferior surface).
   1. Ethmoidal fissure, having in front the nasal spine,
and the openings of the frontal sinuses ; on the sides,
portions of  cellules, among  which  are two  small
grooves, 4 and 5, which contribute to form the inter-
nal orbital foramina, through which the  nasal divis-
ion of the  ophthalmic branch of the fifth pair of nerves
and a  small blood-vessel pass.—2.  Orbital plate.—3.
Lachrymal fossa.—4. Depression for the pulley of the
superior oblique  muscle.—5. Surface which articu-
lates with the sphenoid bone.
   Fig. 4.  Parietal bone op the right  side (exter-
nal surface).
   1. Parietal protuberance.—2. Temporal ridge,  a
continuation of the ridge seen in Fig. 1 (4). 
PI. 2.
              OSTEOLOGY, Pl. 2.
  Fig. 1. Parietal bone of the right side {inter-
nal surface).
  1. Groove which lodges the middle meningeal ar-
tery and its branches.—2.  Portion  of the  groove
which lodges the lateral sinuses.
  Fig. 2. Ethmoid bone (upper surface).
  1. Crista galli.—2.  Cribriform plate of the  eth-
moid, grooved for the reception ofthe olfactory nerve,
perforated with foramina, which give passage to the
branches of  this nerve.—3.  A  small groove, which
articulates with the frontal bone, and forms one of the
internal orbitary foramina by which the nasal branch
of the ophthalmic  division of the fifth pair of nerves
enters the cranium.
  Fig. 3. Ethmoid bone (inferior surface).
  1. Perpendicular plate ofthe ethmoid.—2.  Middle
turbinated bone.
  Fig. 4. Ethmoid bone (viewedfrom behind).
   1.  Crista galli.—2.  Perpendicular plate.—3.   The
cribriform plate, arranged in the shape of a cross.—
4. Posterior ethmoidal cells.
   Fig. 5. Ethmoid bone (viewedfrom before).
   1.  Crista  galli.—2.  Perpendicular plate.—3.  An-
terior ethmoidal cells.
   Fig. 6. Ethmoid bone (external surface).
   1.  Os planum, or lamina  papyracea, constituting,
in a great measure, the inner wall ofthe orbit.

   Fig.  7. Ethmoid bone (internal surface).
   1.  Superior turbinated bone.—2. Superior meatus.
—3.  Middle turbinated bone.
   Fig. 8.—1.  Crista galli.—2.  Perpendicular plate.
—3.  The cribriform plate, with its foramina cut ver-
tically. 
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PI.  3.
                  OSTEOLOGY, Pl. 3.

  Fig. 1. Occipital bone (external surface).
  On the median line there are seen, 1. The external occipi-
tal protuberance.—2.  The external occipital crest.—3. Fora-
men magnum.—4. The inferior surface of the basilar process.
On  each side, 5. The upper semicircular line ; 6. The lower
semicircular line.—7. The condyle, before  and behind which
are seen the condyloid fossae.

  Fig. 2.  Occipital bone (internal surface).
  1. Portion of the sagittal or longitudinal sinus, which is
continuous with, 2.  The  lateral sinus.—3. Internal occipital
crest.—4. Superior occipital fossa.—5. Inferior occipital fossa.

  Fig. 3.  Sphenoid bone (upper surface).
  1. Pituitary fossa, or sella turcica, which lodges the pituitary
body.—2.  Carotid or cavernous groove.—3.  Quadrilateral
plate,  which limits posteriorly the sella turcica.—4. Lesser
wing of the sphenoid, or the process of Ingrassias, at the base
of which is found the optic foramen and the anterior clinoid
process.—5.  Greater wing of the  sphenoid.—6. Sphenoidal
fissure.—7. Foramen rotundum.—8. Foramen ovale.—9. Fora-
men spinosum.

  Fig. 4. Sphenoid bone viewed from before.
  1. The beak  or rostrum process ofthe sphenoid.—2. Open-
ing of the  sphenoidal sinus.—3. Portion of the greater wing,
called orbital process, and which contributes to form the outer
wall  of the  orbit.—4. Portion of  the  greater  wing,  named
temporal process, and which contributes to form the temporal
fossa.
  Fig. 5.  Temporal bone (external surface).
  1. Portion of the temporal fossa.—2.  Zygomatic process.—
3. Portion of temporal curved ridge.—4. Glenoid or articular
cavity.—5. Meatus auditorius  externus.—6. Mastoid process;
and, 7.  Mastoid foramen.

  Fig. 6. Temporal bone (internal surface).
  1.  Petrous  portion.—2.  Meatus  auditorius  internus.—3.
Styloid process.—4.  Portion  of the groove for the  lateral
sinus. 
                     PL 4.

             OSTEOLOGY, Pl. 4.

  i<V. 1.  Head viewed from  the  left side and
FROM BEFORE.
  1. Temporal fossa.—2. Tempo-parietal suture.—
3. Spheno-parietal suture.—4. Fronto-parietal, or co-
ronal suture.—5. Spheno-temporal suture.—6. Zygo-
matic fossa.
  Fig. 2.  Head viewed from below.
  1. Arch of the palate and the point of union of four
sutures, where the point of a scalpel can touch five
bones, viz., the two upper maxillary, the two palate,
and the vomer.—2.  One of the posterior openings
of the nasal fossa, separated from the opening of the
opposite side by the vomer.—3. Pterygoid fossa.—
4.  Pterygo-maxillary fissure. — 5. Zygomatic  fossa,
bounded by the arch of the same name.—6. Foramen
ovale.—7. Petro-sphenoidal suture.—8. Foramen la-
cerum anterius.—9. Foramen caroticum externum.—
10. Jugular  fossa.—11.  Petro-occipital suture.—12.
One ofthe condyles ofthe occipital bone.—13.  Fora-
men magnum.
  Fig. 3.  Base of the cranium viewed from above.
  1. Crista galli: there is seen, in front, the foramen
ccecum ; on the sides, the ethmoidal grooves.—2. Su-
ture of the frontal bone, with the lesser wings  of the
sphenoid.—3. The lesser wing of the sphenoid,  at the
internal extremity of which is seen the optic foramen,
and beneath which there is placed the sphenoidal fis-
sure, or, as it is called, the foramen  lacerum orbitale.
—4. Sella turcica, bounded by the  four clinoid pro-
cesses and by the cavernous grooves.—5. Foramen ro-
tundum.—6.  Foramen ovale.—7. Foramen spinosum.
—8. Foramen lacerum anterius.—9. Basilar groove.
—10. Meatus auditorius internus.—11.  Foramen la-
cerum jugulare.—12. Anterior condyloid foramen.—
 13. Lateral groove,  lodging lateral sinus. 
 
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PI. 5.
                  OSTEOLOGY,  Pl. 5.

  Fig. 1.  Vertical section of the head, intended to show
the osseous portion of the septum of the nasal fossae.
  1.  Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid  bone, which, in con-
nexion  with  the vomer,  forms the septum narium.*—2.
Vomer.—3. Sphenoidal sinus.

  Fig. 2.  Vertical section of the head, intended to show
the external wall of the nasal fossje.
  1.  Upper turbinated bone, beneath which is seen  the  su-
perior meatus ;  and behind the  meatus, 2.  The  sphenoidal
sinus.—3.  Middle turbinated bone, beneath which  is the mid-
dle meatus.—4.  Inferior turbinated bone, beneath which is
the inferior meatus.—5. Frontal sinus.

  Fig. 3.  Posterior openings  of the nasal fossae and the
ARCH  OF THE PALATE.
  1.  Posterior border ofthe vomer,  which separates the nasal
fossae.—2. Pterygo-palatine foramen.—3. Vidian or pterygoid
foramen.—4. Pterygoid fossa.—5. Scaphoid fossa.—6. Inner
plate  ofthe pterygoid process.—7. External plate.—8.  Crucial
suture ofthe arch ofthe palate, and the place where the point
of a scalpel can touch five bones : the two palate, the  two  up-
per maxillary, and the vomer.
  Fig. 4.  Vertical and transverse section of  the nasal
FOSSjE.
  It presents,  1.  The upper turbinated bone.—2.  The superior
meatus.—3. Middle turbinated bone ;  and, 4. The  middle me-
atus, which communicates with the maxillary sinus.—5. The
lower turbinated bone ; and, 6. The inferior meatus.
  Fig. 5.  The outer table of both  maxillary bones removed
to show the teeth in their sockets.
  Fig. 6.  The outer table of both maxillary bones removed
to show the teeth of the first and second dentition.
  Fig. 7.  The teeth of both maxillary bones are seen in front,
and the four incisors and the two  canine teeth of each jaw
are very plainly shown.
  Fig. 8.  The teeth of the left side  of each jaw are displayed,
and especially the canine, the bicuspidati, and the large molar
teeth.
  * Although the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and  the  vomer are
only described in this fig. as forming the septum narium, were it not from the
elevated spine which arises from the junction of the palatal processes of the
upper  maxillary and palate bones, it would be infenorly imperfect.  On this
spine the lower edge of the vomer rests, and by it,  below the vomer, the sep-
tum is formed. 
                          PL  6.
                   OSTEOLOGY, Pl. 6.
   Fig. 1. Upper maxillary bone of  the left side (external
 surface).
   1. Ascending or nasal process.—2. Nasal notch.—3. Lower
 wall of the orbit.—4 and 5. Infra-orbital groove and foramen.
 —6. Canine fossa.—7. Malar process.
   Fig. 2. Palate bone (external surface).
   1. Groove which contributes to form the posterior palatine
 canal.—2. Orbital process.—3. Sphenoidal process.—4. Notch
 which contributes to form the spheno-palatine foramen.  This
 surface articulates with the upper maxillary bone.
   Fig. 3. Palate bone (internal surface).
   1 and  2. Portions  of the inferior and middle  meatus.—3.
 Orbital process.—4.  Sphenoidal process.—5.  Portion of the
 spheno-palatine foramen.—6. Tuberosity of the palate bone.
 This surface contributes to form the nasal fossae.
   Fig. 4. Palate bone viewed from behind.
   1. Posterior border.—2. -Orbital process.—3.  Tuberosity
 of the palate bone.—4. Palatine process.
   Fig. 5. Os nasi viewed on its outer surface.
   Superiorly, the rough scabrous process by which it is ar-
 ticulated to the nasal process of the frontal bone  is distinctly
 shown.
   Fig. 6. Os unguis viewed on its outer surface.
   This  surface is seen divided by  a small  spine;  to the
 right of which the smaller  grooved division is placed.  This
 groove, joined to a corresponding groove formed  on the orbi-
 tal edge ofthe nasal process ofthe upper maxillary bone, forms
 the fossa for lodging  the lacrymal sac.  The larger division,
 placed to the left of the spine, forms a part of the inner wall
 of the orbit, and is called orbital process.
   Fig. 7. Malar  bone of right  side (external surface).
   1. Malar hole.—2. Orbital process.
   Fig. 8. Vomer.—1. Upper border.
   Fig. 9. Inferior turbinated bone.
   Fig. 10. Inferior maxillary bone (external surface).
   1. External  oblique line.—2.  Mental foramen, the lower
orifice ofthe dental canal.—3. Condyle.—4. Coronoid process.
—5. Sigmoid notch.
   Fig. 11. Right half of the inferior maxillary bone (in-
ner surface).
   1. Internal oblique line.—2. The alveolar foramen, the up-
per orifice of the dental canal.
   Fig. 12. Hyoid bone (anterior surface).
   1. Body.—2. Great cornu.—3. Little cornu. 
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                      PI. 7,

              OSTEOLOGY, Pl. 7.

   Fig. 1. Atlas (upper surface).
  1. Articular facette.—2. Anterior arch.—3. Poste-
rior arch.—4. Transverse process and  its  foramen.
—5. Vertebral foramen.
  Fig. 2. Atlas (lower surface).
  1. Articular facette. — 2. Small facette, which ar-
ticulates  with  the odontoid process of the axis.
  Fig. 3. Axis  (anterior surface).
  1. Body.—2.  Odontoid process.—3. Articular fa-
cette.—4. Transverse process.
   Fig. 4. Axis viewed from the right side.
  1. Body.—2.  Odontoid process.—3.  Articular fa-
cette.—4. Transverse process.—5. Spinous process.
  Fig. 5. A cervical vertebra (upper surface).
   1. Body, and, 2. The lateral ridges.—3. Transverse
process,  bifurcated, and perforated by a hole.—4. Ar-
ticular processes.—5.  Vertebral lamina.—6.  Spinous
process,  bifurcated.
   Fig. 6. A  dorsal  vertebra viewed from the
right side.
   1. Body, and, 2. Costal articular semi-facette.—3.
Vertebral pedicle.— 4. Upper articular process.— 5.
Transverse process, with its costal articular facette.—
6. Spinous process.
   Fig. 7. A lumbar vertebra (upper surface).
   1. Transverse process.—2. Upper articular process,
and its apophysary tubercle.—3. Spinous process.
   Fi°-. 8. A  LUMBAR VERTEBRA VIEWED FROM THE
RIGHT SIDE.
   1.  Lower articular process. 
PI. 8.
             OSTEOLOGY, Pl. 8.

  Fig. 1. Vertebral  column entire, seen from
THE LEFT SIDE.
  1.  Two semi-facettes, which articulate  with the
head of the rib.—3 and 4. Two foramina, each result
ing from  the union of two vertebrae.—5. Cervical re-
gion  and  its corresponding curve.—6. Dorsal region
and its corresponding curve.—7. Lumbar region and
its corresponding curve.—8.  Sacrum.
  Fig. 2. Sternum.
  1.  Middle part of the sternum, and the trace of the
union of the  two pieces of which it was originally
composed.—2. Upper  extremity,  or manubrium of
the sternum.—3. Fourchette, or semilunar notch of
the sternum.—4.  Surface which articulates with the
clavicle.—5. Xiphoid appendix, or ensiform cartilage.
  Fig. 3. First rib  (upper surface).
  1 and 2.  Tubercles for the attachment of the sca-
leni muscles.—3. Groove for the  subclavian artery.
—4. Head ofthe rib.—5. Tubercle and angle blend-
ed together.
  Fig. 4. Second rib  (upper surface).
  Fig. 5. Middle rib.
  1. Head of the rib.—2. Neck.—3. Tubercle.—4.
Angle.
  Fig. 6. The twelfth rib, having neither angle
nor tubercle.
  Fig. 7. The chest entire.
  Its component parts are: behind, 1. The dorsal
region of the vertebral column; before, 2. Sternum,
and, 3. The costal cartilages ; 4 and 5. On each side,
the twelve ribs. — 6. Line of union  of a rib,  with its
corresponding cartilage.
   Fig. 8. Left clavicle viewed from below.
   Fig. 9. Left clavicle viewed from above. 
PI «
 
Pl.f).
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PI.  9.
                   OSTEOLOGY, Pl. 9.

   Fig. 1. Sacrum (anterior surface).
   1.  One of the ridges which mark the point of union of two
 of the original pieces of the sacrum.—2. One of  the anterior
 sacral foramina.—3.  Alae of  the  sacrum.—4.  Articular pro-
 cess  of the sacrum.

   Fig. 2. Sacrum (posterior surface).
   1.  Ridge of the sacrum.—2. One of the posterior sacral
 foramina.—3. Upper orifice of the sacral canal.—4. Lower
 orifice.

   Fig. 3. Coccyx (anterior surface).—1. Horn of the coccyx.

   Fig. 4. Os innominatu.w (external surface).
   1.  Dorsum of the ilium.—2. Upper curved line, which indi-
 cates the extent ofthe origin ofthe gluteus medius muscle.—3.
 Lower curved line, which marks the extent of origin ofthe glu-
 teus  minimus muscle.—4. Posterior superior spinous process
 of the ilium, forming the posterior limit of the crest of the
 ilium.—5. Posterior inferior spinous process ofthe ilium.—6.
 Great ischiatic  notch.—7. Spine  of the ischium.—8.  Small
 ischiatic notch.—9. Tuberosity of the ischium.—10. Cotyloid
 cavity.

   Fig. 5. Os innominatum (internal surface).
   1.  Internal iliac fossa.—2. Articular portion, composed of
 a  surface invested with cartilage, and a tuberosity intended
 for ligamentous attachments.—3. Crest of the ilium.—4. An-
 terior superior spinous process of  the ilium.—5. Anterior in-
 ferior spinous process  of the  ilium.—6. Ilio-pectineal  emi-
 nence and surface of the pubes.—7.  Body  of the pubes and
 its articular surface, contributing to form the symphysis pubis.
 —8. Point of union of the  descending ramus of the pubes, and
 She ascending ramus ofthe ischium.—9. Obturator foramen.

   Fig. 6.  Pelvis in general.
   It is formed, behind, by the sacrum and coccyx; on  the
 sides, by the ossa innominata.
   1. Ilio-pectineal  eminence.—2.  Horizontal branch of the
pubis.—3. Arch  of the  pubis.—4.  Superior opening, or brim
of the pelvis. 
                         PL  10.
                   OSTEOLOGY, Pl. 10.
  Fig. 1. SCAPULA (posterior surface).
  1 Supra-spinous fossa.—2 and 3. Spine of the scapula, and acro-
mion process.-4. Infra-spinous fossa.-5. Coracoid process.-6.
Coracoid notch, through which the supra-scapular nerve passes.
  Fig. 2. SCAPULA (anterior surface).
  1. Sub-scapular fossa.—2. Spine  of the scapula, terminating in
the acromion.—3. Coracoid process.
  Fig. 3. External or axillary border of the scapula.
  1. Axillary border, or inferior costa—2. Glenoid cavity, surmount-
ed by the coracoid process.
  Fig. 4. Humerus viewed in front.
  1 Head and neck of the  humerus.—2. Lesser tuberosity—3.
Greater tuberosity.—4. Bicipital groove.—5. Anterior surface of the
humerus—6.  Coronoid cavity—7. Internal condyle—8.  Trochlea,
or pulley of the humerus—9.  Small head of the humerus.—10. Ex-
ternal condyle.
   Fig. 5. Humerus (posterior surface).
   1.  Anatomical  neck.—2. Surgical neck—3.  Posterior  surface.-
4. Cavity for the  reception of the olecranon.
   Fi". 6. Upper extremity of the humerus, composed of the
HEAD AND THE TWO TUBEROSITIES.
   Fig. 7. Lower extremity of the humerus, composed of the
TROCHLEA AND INTERNAL CONDYLE, THE SMALL HEAD AND EXTER-
NAL CONDYLE.
   Fig. 8. Ulna and radius in relation with each other, and
VIEWED FROM BEHIND.
   1. Ulna.—2. Radius.
   Fig. 9. Brachial extremity of the ulna  viewed in front.
   1. Great sigmoid cavity.—2. Small sigmoid cavity.
   Fig. 10.  Brachial  extremity  of the ulna viewed from
WITHOUT.
   1. Olecranon process.—2. Coronoid process.—3. Lesser sigmoid
cavity.
   Fig.  11- Brachial  extremity of the ulna viewed from
WITHIN.
   Fig. 12.  Brachial extremity of  the radius.
   1. Head of the radius.—2.  Neck.—3. Bicipital tuberosity.

   Fig. 13- Carpal extremity of the radius viewed  from be
low.  This figure shows the articular facettes formed on it for the
reception of the scaphoid and semilunar bones of the carpus.
   Fig. 14. Carpal extremity of  the two bones of the fore-
 arm viewed from below.
   1. Head of the Ulna.—2. Styloid process of the ulna.—3.  Sty-
 loid process of the radius. 
PI.10.
rig.i
Fig. 3
rig.2.
fig. 14
Fig 13
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PL 11.
Fig. 3
Fig 2.
Iio.1
 
PL  11.
                 OSTEOLOGY, Pl. 11.

  Fig. 1. Bones of the carpus viewed from behind.
  These bones are arranged in two rows.   In the first  row
are,  1.  Scaphoid.—2. Semilunar.— 3. Cuneiform.— 4.  Pisi-
form.  In the second row are, 5. Trapezium.—6.  Trapezoid.
—7.  Magnum.—8. Unciform.

  Fig. 2. Bones of the hand viewed in front.
  1.  Bones of the carpus.—2. Second metacarpal bone.   The
last three are parallel to it;  the first is separated from it.—3.
First phalanx  of  the index finger.—4. Second phalanx.—5.
Third phalanx.  The thumb has no middle phalanx.

  Fig. 3. The bones of the hand viewed from behind.

  Fig. 4. Patella viewed in front.

  Fig. 5. Patella viewed from behind.
  1.  Articular facette.

  Fig. 6. Femur (anterior surface).
  1.  Head of the femur.—2.  Neck.—3. Trochanter major.—
4. Trochanter minor.—5. Anterior part ofthe femoral trochlea.

  Fig. 7. Femur viewed from behind.
  1.  Digital cavity of the trochanter major.—2. Oblique line
which unites the two trochanters.—3. Attachment of gluteus
maximus.—4.  Linea  aspera of the femur, on which is seen
the hole for the principal nutritious artery of the bone.—5.
Internal  tuberosity. — 6. External tuberosity. — 7.  Internal
condyle.—8. External condyle.

  Fig. 8. Upper extremity of the femur viewed from above.

  Fig. 9. Lower extremity of the femur viewed from below.

  Fig. 10. Tibia viewed  in front.
  1.  Spine of the  tibia.—2. Internal tuberosity.—3. External
tuberosity.—4. Anterior tuberosity.—5. Crest of the tibia.—
6.  Internal malleolus.

  Fig. 11. Fibula of right side viewed in front.
  1.  Head of the fibula.—2.  Lower  extremity,  which forms
the external malleolar process.—3. Articular facette. 
PI.  12.
                  OSTEOLOGY, Pl.  12.

   Fig. 1.  Upper extremity of the tibia viewed from above.
   1. Spine of the tibia.—2. Internal articular facette.—3. Ex-
 ternal articular facette.
   Fig. 2.  Lower extremity of the tibia viewed from below.
   There is here seen an articular facette, consisting of two
 portions, viz., a horizontal and a vertical.

   Fig. 3.  The two bones of the leg viewed in front and in
 THEIR NATURAL POSITION.
   They present, below,  the cavity into which the astragalus
 is received, formed on either by the two malleolar processes.

   Fig. 4.  BONES OF THE LEFT LEG VIEWED FROM WITHOUT.

   Fig. 5.  Bones o-f the tarsus viewed from above.
   These bones form two rows.   In the first row are seen, 1.
 Astragalus.—2. Calcaneum.   In the second row are seen, 3.
 Scaphoid.—4. First cuneiform.—5. Second cuneiform.—6.
 Third cuneiform.—7. Cuboid.

   Fig. 6.  Right tarsus viewed from without  and from
 above.
   1. Great process ofthe os calcis.—2. Calcaneo-astragaloid
 hollow.

   Fig. 7.  Right tarsus  viewed from within.
   1. Small process  of the calcaneum.—2.  Head  of the as-
tragalus, which joins the scaphoid.

   Fig. 8.  Calcis (upper surface).

   Fig. 9.  Bones of  the foot viewed from above.
   This figure presents successively, 1.  Bones of the tarsus.
—2. The  five bones of the metatarsus.—3.  The first five
phalanges.—4. The  second phalanges ofthe last four toes.—
5.  The last five phalanges.  The great toe  has no middle
phalanx.

   Fig. 10. Bones of the right foot viewed from below.
   1. Internal  tuberosity  of the calcaneum process of the os
calcis.—2. External  tuberosity. 
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PL 13.
             ARTHROLOGY, Pl. 1.

   Figs. 1,  2, and 3. These three figures represent
the temporo-maxillary articulation.
   Fig. 1.—1. External lateral ligament.—2. Stylo-
maxillary ligament.

   Fig. 2.—1. Internal lateral  ligament.—2. Stylo-
maxillary ligament.
   F/g. 3. The joint viewed from without, and
OPENED.
   1. The inter-articular fibro-cartilage.—2. The sty-
lo-maxillary ligament.
   Fig. 4.—1. Anterior occipito-atloid ligament, com-
posed of a middle band strong and narrow, and of a
posterior band weaker and broader.—2. The upper
part of the anterior common vertebral ligament.
   Fig. 5.—1. Occipito-axoid ligament.—2. The up-
per part of the posterior common vertebral ligament.
   Fig. 6 presents the posterior half of the foramen
magnum, and a portion of the vertebral canal, separ-
ated from the anterior half.
   1. Posterior occipito-atloid ligament.—2.  One of
its borders, forming part of a foramen for the pas-
sage of the vertebral artery.—3. Membrane which
connects  the first two vertebrae, occupying the situa-
tion of the  first of the ligamenta subflava. 
Pl. 14.
            ARTHROLOGY, Pl. 2.

  Fig. 1.—1.  The deep bundle of the occipito-ax-
oid ligament.—2. One of the odontoid  ligaments.—
3. Transverse ligament, composed of two bundles.
—4. The upper part of the posterior common verte-
bral ligament.
  Fig. 2. Articulation of the bodies of the ver-
tebrae.
  1. Middle portion  of the anterior  common verte-
bral ligament.—2 and 3. Lateral portions of the same
ligament.—4. One of the stellated ligaments  of the
costo-vertebral articulations.
  Fig. 3. Vertebral  canal,  laid  open to  bring into
view, 1.  The posterior common vertebral ligament.
  Fig. 4. The  upper surface of a vertebra.
  1. Fibrous  portion  of the  inter-vertebral sub-
stance.—2.  Gelatinous portion of the same.
  Fig. 5. The vertebral canal, laid open to bring into
view the ligamenta subflava, attached to the laminae
of the vertebrae.
  1. One ofthe ligamenta subflava.
  Fig. 6. A portion  of the common supra-spinous
ligament.—2. One of the inter-spinous ligaments. 
Pl 14
Kb:. 1.
Fig. 2.
 
I-V i
 
PL 15.
            ARTHROLOGY, Pl. 3.

  Fig. 1.  Costo-vertebral  articulations.
  1. One  of the  inter-vertebral substances.   The
fibres are seen crossing each other, and extending
from one vertebra to another.—2. Stellate ligament
of the costo-vertebral articulation.—3. Interosseous
ligament of a costo-vertebral articulation.
  Fig. 2.  Costo-transverse articulation.
  1. Portion ofthe common supra-spinous ligament.
—2. Posterior  costo-transverse ligament.—3. Ante-
rior costo-transverse ligament. — 4. Inferior costo-
transverse ligament.
  Fig. 3.  A vertebra, and the posterior portion of a
rib, sawed horizontally, to show, 1 and 2. The an-
terior costo-transverse ligaments.
  Fig. 4.  Chondro-costal and chondro-sternal
articulations, viewed in  front.
  1. A costal cartilage. — 2. Line  of union of this
cartilage with  the rib.—3.  Anterior  ligament  of a
chondro-sternal articulation.—3'. Anterior membrane
of the sternum, formed by the crossing and union of
the anterior ligaments. — 4.  Chondro-xiphoid  liga-
ment.—5 and 6. Ligaments which unite the cartilages
of the sixth, seventh, and eighth ribs at their middle.
—7 and 8. Ligaments which unite  by their anterior
extremity the cartilage of the seventh to the cartilage
of the eighth rib, and the cartilage of the latter to
that of the ninth.
  Fig. 5. Chondro-sternal articulations, view-
ed  FROM  BEHIND.
   1. A chondro-sternal cartilage.— 2. A posterior
ligament.—3. Membrane on the posterior surface of
the sternum. 
PL 16.
             ARTHROLOGY, Pl. 4.

  Figs. 1, 2,3, and 4. Articulations of the pelvis.
  Fig. 1.—1. Termination of the anterior common
vertebral ligament, which extends from the third cer-
vical vertebra to the sacrum.—2. Some fibres form-
ing the anterior membrane of the sacrum.—3. An-
terior sacro-coccygeal ligament.—4. Ilio-lumbar lig-
ament.—5. S aero-vertebral  ligament. — 6. Anterior
sacro-iliac ligament.—7.  Great,  or  posterior sacro-
sciatic ligament.—8. Lesser, or anterior sacro-sci-
atic ligament.
  Fig. 2.—1. Lower portion of the common supra-
spinous ligament.—2. Posterior  sacro-coccygeal lig-
ament.—3. Ilio-lumbar ligament.—4. Posterior sa-
cro-iliac  ligament.—5. Sacro-spinous  ligament.—6.
Great, or posterior sacro-sciatic ligament.—7.  Less-
er, or anterior sacro-sciatic ligament.
  Fig. 3.  Symphysis pubis viewed in front.
  1. Fibres of the anterior pubic ligaments crossing
each other.—2. Superior ligament.—3. Inferior tri-
angular ligament.—4. Obturator membrane.—5. For-
amen for the passage of the obturator vessels and
nerves.

  Fig. 4.  Symphysis pubis seen from behind. 
Pl.Ki
Fi-i i
 
P1.17
Fig.l.
 
                        PL  17.

                 ARTHROLOGY, Pl. 5.

  Fig. 1. Sterno-clavicular articulation viewed from be-
hind.
  1.  Posterior ligament.—2.  Fibres extending from one clavi-
cle to the other, constituting the inter-clavicular ligament.—3.
Costo-clavicular ligament.

  Fig. 2. Sterno-clavicular articulation viewed in front.
  1.  Anterior ligament. — 2. Inter-clavicular ligament.— 3.
Costo-clavicular ligament.—4. Joint opened, and displaying
the inter-articular fibro-cartilage. — 5. One of  the  anterior
stellated ligaments.

  Fig. 3. Scapuloclavicular and  scapulo-humeral articu-
lation.
  1. Acromio-clavicular articulation.—2 and 3. Coraco-cl-avicu-
lar ligament, composed of the conoid and trapezoid ligaments.
—4.  Coraco-acromion ligament, or ligamentum proprium an-
terius.—5.  Coracoid ligament, or ligamentum proprium pos-
terius.—6. Tendon of the biceps, surrounded by a sort of cap-
sule.—7. Capsular ligament  of the scapulo-humeral articula-
tion, or shoulder joint.

  Fig. 4.—1. Glenoid cavity.—2. Glenoid ligament.—3. Ten-
don of the biceps, continuous with the glenoid ligament.

  Fig. 5. Elbow joint viewed in front.
  1.  Anterior ligament, composed of fibres passing in various
directions, and continuous with the lateral ligaments.—2. An-
nular ligament of the radius.

  Fig. 6. Elbow joint from behind.
  1.  Posterior ligament, composed of many bundles.—2. Ex-
ternal lateral ligament.

  Fig. 7. Elbow joint viewed from without.
  1.  External lateral ligament.—2. Part ofthe posterior liga-
ment.

  Fig. 8. Elbow joint viewed from within.
  1.  Internal lateral ligament.—2. External lateral ligament. 
PL  18.
                 ARTHROLOGY, Pl. 6.

  Fig. 1. Articulations of the two bones of the fore-arm
with each other.
  1.  Interosseous ligament.—2. Round ligament, or the liga-
mentous cord of Weitbrecht.—3. Annular ligament of the
radius.—4.  Anterior and inferior radio-ulnar ligament.

  Fig. 2.—1. Upper extremity of the ulna.—2.  Annular liga-
ment which surrounds the neck of the radius.

  Fig. 3. Lower extremity of the two bones of the fore-arm
viewed from below, to show the triangular ligament.

  Fig. 4. Anterior ligaments  of  the lower extremity of the
fore-arm, of the carpus and metacarpus.
  1.  Anterior and inferior radio-ulnar ligament.—2. Anterior
ligament of the wrist j.oint.—3. Radio-carpal, or external
lateral ligament.—4. Ulno-carpal, or internal lateral ligament.
—5.  Pisiform bone, from which proceed numerous ligaments.
—6.  Os magnum,  from which ligamentous fibres proceed to
most of the bones of the carpus and metacarpus.—7.  Capsu-
lar ligament of the trapezium and first metacarpal bone.—8.
One  of the palmar ligaments,  which unite the upper extremi-
ties  of the last  four metacarpal bones.—9. Common trans-
verse  palmar ligament.—10.  Lateral ligament of the meta-
carpophalangeal articulation of the thumb.

  Fig. 5. Posterior ligaments of the lower extremity of the
fore-arm, of the carpus and metacarpus.
  1.  Posterior ligament of the wrist joint.—2. Radio-carpal,
or external lateral ligament.—3. Ulno-carpal, or internal lateral
ligament.—4. Posterior carpal ligaments.—5. One of the pos-
terior ligaments of the carpus and metacarpus.—6. Ligament
passing from the trapezium to the second metacarpal bone.—•
7. One of the dorsal ligaments, which unite the last four meta-
carpal bones.

  Fig. 6. This figure shows the lateral ligaments of the meta-
carpo-phalangeal articulation, and the phalangeal articulations
of one finger.

  Fig. 7.  Shows,  1  and 2.  The anterior ligaments of the
phalangeal articulations of a finger.

  Fig. 8.  Shows  the  lateral  ligaments  of the metacarpo-
phalangeal and phalangeal articulations. 
Pl .18
Tig. 2
Fig.3.
 
PL 19
Pig.i.
Fie.2
 
PL  19.
                 ARTHROLOGY, Pl. 7.

  Fig. 1. Coxo-femoral articulation (or hip joint).
  1.  Capsular ligament.

  Fig. 2. Hip joint with the capsular ligament removed.
  1.  Cotyloid ligament.—2. Tendon ofthe rectus femoris,
continuous with this ligament.—3.  Inter-articular, or round
ligament.

  Fig. 3. Knee joint.
  1.  Tendon of the triceps extensor cruris.—2. Ligamentum
patellae.—3. Internal lateral ligament of the patella.—4. In-
ternal lateral ligament  of the knee joint.—5. Tendon of the
tensor vagina femoris, performing the functions of a ligament.
—6.  External lateral ligament of the knee joint.

  Fig. 4. Knee joint from behind.
  1 and 2.  Tendons ofthe gastrocnemii divided.—3. Tendon
of the semi-membranosus divided, from which proceed three
fasciculi.—4. Tendon of the popliteus.—5. Posterior ligament.
—6.  Posterior border of the internal lateral ligament.—7. Ex-
ternal lateral ligament.

  Fig. 5.  Knee  joint laid  open.
  1. Ligamentum patellae divided and turned downward.—2.
A small synovial bursa.—3  and 4. External and internal con-
dyles of the femur.—5 and 6. Anterior and posterior crucial
ligaments.—7 and 8. Fibro-cartilages.
  Fig. 6. Upper extremity of the tibia viewed from above.
  1  and 2. Anterior and posterior crucial ligaments divided.—
3. Internal fibro-cartilage.—4. External fibro-cartilage.

  Fig. 7.  Peroneo-tibial articulations viewed in front.
   1. Interosseous ligaments.—2. Opening which gives passage
to the vessels.—3.  Anterior  and superior peroneo-tibial liga-
ment.—4.  Anterior and inferior peroneo-tibial ligament. 
Pl.  20.
                 ARTHROLOGY,  Pl. 8.

  Fig. 1.  Ankle joint viewed in front.
  1. Anterior and inferior peroneo-tibial ligament.—2. An-
terior ligament of the ankle joint.—3. Internal lateral liga-
ment.—4. External and anterior lateral ligament.—5. Exter-
nal and middle lateral ligament.

  Fig. 2.  Ankle joint viewed from  behind.
  1. Posterior and inferior peroneo-tibial ligament.—2. Fibres
extending between the malleoli, and serving to strengthen the
joint.—3.  Posterior ligament.—4 and 5.  Fasciculi  of the in-
ternal lateral ligament.—6. External and posterior lateral liga-
ment.—7. External and middle lateral ligament.—8. Small in-
ternal  ligament, uniting the os calcis to the astragalus.—9.
Posterior calcaneo-astragaloid ligament.

  Fig. 3. Dorsal ligaments of the tarsus and metatarsus.
  1 and 2. Fasciculi of ligamentous fibres, situated in the hoi
low between the calcis  and astragalus, and uniting  them to
each other.—3.  Calcaneo-scaphoid and calcaneo-cuboid liga-
ments, resembling the letter Y.—4. Upper calcaneo-cuboid
ligament.—5.  Scaphoid  hone, from which proceed  ligaments
to the calcis, to the three cuneiform bones, and to the cuboid.
—6. One of the dorsal ligaments of the cuneiform bones.—7.
Ligament extending from the internal  cuneiform to  the first
metatarsal bone.—8.  Second metatarsal bone, from which
proceed three  ligaments to the cuneiform bones.—9. Cuboid
bone, from which proceed ligaments  to the third, fourth, and
fifth metatarsal  bones.—10.  Ligament from the third cunei-
form to the third metatarsal bone.—11. One of the ligaments
which  unite the  tarsal extremities of the metatarsal bones.

  Fig. 4. Plantar ligaments of the tarsus and metatarsus.
  1. Calcaneo-scaphoid ligament.—2.  Calcaneo-cuboid liga-
ment.—3. Various ligamentous fasciculi, some of which  are
a continuation of the tendon of the tibialis posticus.—4.  Com-
mon transverse ligamentous fasciculi.—5.  Ligament from the
internal cuneiform to the first metatarsal  bone.—6.  One of
the transverse ligaments which unite the  tarsal extremities
of the  metatarsal bones. — 7. Common transverse ligament
of the digital extremities of the metatarsal bones.
  Fig.  5.—1. Sesamoid bones ofthe metatarso-phalangeal ar-
ticulation of the  great toe.—2. Anterior ligament of a phalan-
geal articulation.
  Fig. 6.—1 and 2. Lateral ligaments of a phalangeal articu-
lation.
  Fig. 7.—1. Lateral ligament of a phalangeal articulation. 
TTW.
Fig.l,
 
'1. -J I.
H
 
PL  21.
               MYOLOGY, Pl. 1.

  Fig.  1. Head viewed  on the  left  side,  and
SHOWING THE SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES.
  1. Epi-cranial aponeurosis, being the tendon which
unites the frontal and occipital bellies of the occipito
frontales.—2  and 3. Frontal portion of this muscle,
and its prolongation, the pyramidalis nasi.—4. Occip-
ital  portion.—5. Auricularis superior.—6. Auricu-
laris posterior.—7. Auricularis anterior.—8. Orbicu-
laris palpebrarum.—9. Triangularis nasi.—10.  Le-
vator labii superioris alaeque nasi.—11. Levator la-
bii superioris.—12. Zygomaticus minor.—13.  Zygo-
matics major.—14. Caninus, or levator anguli oris,
being the upper portion of the same fasciculas whose
lower portion forms, 15. The triangularis, or depress-
or anguli oris.—16. Quadratus  menti, or depressor
labii inferioris.—17. Levator menti.—18. Orbicularis
oris.—19. Buccinator.—20.  Masseter.
  Fig* 2. Head viewed on  the left side.
  1. Temporalis.—2.  Corrugator supercilii.—3. Su-
perior oblique and its pulley.—4. Levator palpebrae
superioris.—5. Triangularis nasi.—6.  Depressor alae
nasi or myrtiformis.—7. Orbicularis  oris, cut through.
—8. Caninus, continuous with the triangularis or de-
pressor anguli oris.—9. Quadratus menti, or depres-
sor labii inferioris.—10. Buccinator, pierced by the
parotid, or Steno's duct. 
PL 22.
               MYOLOGY, Pl. 2.

  Fig. 1. Right eye and its muscles.
  1. Superior rectus.—2. Inferior rectus.—3. Inter-
nal rectus.—4. Superior oblique, passing through its
pulley.—5. Inferior oblique.
  Fig. 2. Right eye viewed behind, with the four
STRAIGHT MUSCLES STRETCHED OUT, AND THE TWO OB-
LIQUE  MUSCLES  CONTINUOUS  BEHIND BY  MEANS  OF
THEIR APONEUROSES OF INSERTION.
  Fig. 3. This figure shows the pterygoid muscles
of the left side.
  1. External pterygoid muscle.—2. Internal ptery-
goid.

  Fig. 4. Superficial muscles of the  neck (left
side).
  1. Platysma  myoides.—2.  Some muscular fibres
continuous with those of the platysma myoides, form-
ing the musculus risorius Santorini.—3. Sterno-clei-
do-mastoid.—4.  Trapezius.—5. Splenius.—6. Trian-
gular space,  forming an important surgical  region,
bounded  in  front by the  sterno-cleido-mastoid,  be-
hind by the trapezius, and below by the clavicle. 
?\:?>.
 
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PL 23.
               MYOLOGY, Pl. 3.

  Fig. 1. Muscles  of the supra and infra-hyoid
regions  (right side.)
  1. Anterior belly,  and, 2. Posterior belly of the di-
gastricus.—3. Mylo-hyoid.—4. Stylo-hyoid.—5. Sty-
loglossus.—6. Stylo-pharyngeus.—7. Sterno-hyoid.
—8. Omo-hyoid.—9. Thyro-hyoid.—10. Sterno-thy-
roid.—11. Scalenus  amicus.—12.  Scalenus posticus.
  Fig. 2. Muscles of the tongue (right side.)
  1. Styloid process of the temporal bone.—2. Sty-
lo-hyoid.—3. Genio-hyoid.—4. Stylo-pharyngeus.—
5. Stylo-glossus.—6.  Hyo-glossus.—7.  Lingualis.—
8. Genio-glossus.
  Fig. 3. Muscles  of the pharynx, seen  on the
RIGHT SIDE AND FROM BEHIND.
  1. Lower portion  of the thyro-hyoid muscle.—2.
Raphe of the muscles of the pharynx viewed from
behind. — 3.  Styloid  process. — 4. Stylo-pharyngeus
muscle.—5.  Superior constrictor. — 6.  Middle  con-
strictor.—7.  Inferior constrictor.—8.  Buccinato-pha-
ryngeal  aponeurosis, or pterygo-maxillary ligament.
—9. Buccinator.—10. Parotid duct.—11 and  12. Sty-
lo-glossus and hyo-glossus muscles, cut through.—13.
Posterior fibres of the genio-glossus, continuous with
the superior constrictor of the pharynx.—14. Genio-
hyoid. 
PL 24.
               MYOLOGY, Pl. 4.

  Fig. 1. The anterior part of the head has been sep-
arated from the vertebral column, and the pharynx
is opened to display the muscles of the velum palati
and the posterior part of the larynx.
  1. Levator palati. — 2. Circumflexus palati. — 3.
Azygos uvulae.—4. Tonsil.—5. Palato-glossus.—6.
Palato-pharyngeus.—7. One of the posterior crico-
arytenoid muscles.—8. Arytenoideus, consisting of
fibres crossing each other, and of a fasciculus passing
transversely.
  Fig. 2. This figure  shows the upper muscles of
the velum on a larger scale.
  1. External pterygoid muscle.—2.  Levator palati.
__3  and 4. Circumflexus palati  of both  sides.—5.
Azygos muscle, composed of two fasciculi, called the
palato-staphylini.—6. Upper extremity of the mus-
cle called the palato-pharyngeus.
  Fig. 3. The tongue, as seen  on its lower sur-
face.
  1. Stylo-glossus muscle.—2. Hyo-glossus.—3. Lin-
o-ualis. — 4. Lower extremity of one of the genio-
glossi  of one side, detached from the  genial process.
—7. The groove which separates  the two genio-glos-
si muscles.
  Fig. 4. A larynx from which a portion of the
thyroid cartilage has been removed, viewed lat-
erally.
   1.  Crico-arytenoideus posticus. — 2. Crico-aryte-
noideus lateralis.—3. Thyro-arytenoideus.—4. Some
fibres  constituting a small muscle, called the aryteno-
epiglottideus. 
ft
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Pl.'iT).
20 
PL 25.
               MYOLOGY, Pl. 5.

THE  MUSCLES  SITUATED ON THE ANTERIOR OF THE
                     TRUNK.
  1.  Pectoralis major, separated from the deltoid by
a small space.—2. Pectoralis minor.—3. Subclavius.
—4.  Serratus magnus. — 5. An internal intercostal
muscle.—6. Obliquus externus abdominis.—7. Ex-
ternal  abdominal ring. — 8. Obliquus  internus ab-
dominis.—9. Tendon of the obliquus externus, turn-
ed down.—10. Cremaster.—11. Linea alba. 
PL 26.
               MYOLOGY, Pl. 6.

  Fig. 1. Muscles  of the abdomen.
  1. Obliquus internus abdominis, whose tendon is di-
vided into, 2. An anterior lamina, divided and turned
outward: this portion, with the whole of the ten-
don of the external oblique, passes before the rectus,
and into, 3.  A posterior lamina, which extends only
to the lower fourth of the rectus muscle, and which,
with the tendon of the transversales, passes  behind
the  rectus.—4. Transversalis abdominis, whose ten-
don is divided into, 5. An upper lamina, which pass-
es behind the rectus muscle, in connexion with the
posterior lamina of the obliquus internus, and into,
6. An inferior lamina, which, at the point where the
posterior lamina ofthe obliquus internus terminates,
passes in  front. — 7.  Pyramidalis. — 8. Rectus. — 9.
Line a alba.
  Fig. 2. Muscles  connected  with  the  male
GENITAL ORGANS.
  1. Erector penis.—2. Acceleratores urinae, united
by  a  raphe.—3. Transversus  perinei, consisting of
two fasciculi.—4. Sphincter ani.—5. Levator ani. 
['l.'-V
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Fig. 4.
its^
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PL 27.
               MYOLOGY, Pl. 7.

  Fig. 1. Muscles  connected with the female
GENITAL  ORGANS.
  1. Erector clitoridis.—2. Constrictor vaginae.—3.
Transversalis perinei.—4.  Sphincter ani.—5. Leva-
tor  ani.—6.  Clitoris.—7. Meatus urinarius.
  Fig. 2. Triangularis sterni.
  Fig. 3. This figure  displays the muscles situated
on  the anterior part of the  cervical portion of the
vertebral column.
  1. Rectus capitis anticus major.—2. Rectus capi-
tis anticus minor.—3. Rectus capitis lateralis.—4 and
5. Inter-transversales cervicis.—6. Scalenus anticus.
—7. Scalenus posticus.
  Fig. 4. Inguinal  canal viewed in front.
  1. Tendon of the  external oblique, divided above
the  fold  of the groin, and turned  downward  and
outward.—2. Inter-columnar fascia.—3. Lower bor-
der of the internal  oblique.—4. Cremaster, whose
fibres are seen descending  in loops on the spermatic
cord. 
PL 28.
              MYOLOGY, Pl. 8.

  Fig. 1. Diaphragm.—2. Cordiform tendon.—3 and
4. Crura of the diaphragm.—5. Opening for the pas-
sage of the vena  cava  ascendens.—6.  Oesophageal
opening.—7. Aortic opening.—8. Arch for the pas-
sage of the psoae  muscles.—9. Ligamentum arcua-
tum.—10. Psoas parvus.—11. Psoas magnus. 12.—
Quadratus lumborum.—13. Iliacus internus. 
Pl.^'»,
 
Pl.L")
 
PL 29.
              MYOLOGY, Pl. 9.

 the superficial muscles  situated on the pos-
          terior part of the trunk.

  1. Trapezius.—2. Latissimus dorsi. — 3.  Teres
major.—4. Rhomboideus.—5.  Levator anguli scap-
ulae.—6. Splenius.—7.  Upper  portion of the corn-
plexus.—8. Sterno-cleido-mastoid.—9. Deltoid, rais-
ed up. 
PL  30.
                MYOLOGY, Pl. 10.


 DEEP  MUSCLES  ON  THE POSTERIOR PART  OF  THE
                        TRUNK.

   1. Serratus posticus superior. — 2. Serratus posti-
cus inferior.—3.  Fascia which extends from the ser-
ratus posticus inferior to the splenius.—4.  Splenius:
its occipital and its cervical fasciculus  are distinct.—
5. Sacro-lumbalis.—6.  Longissimus dorsi.—7. Tho-
racic portion  of  the  transverso-spinalis.—8. Trache-
lo-mastoideus.—9. Transverso-spinalis, being merely
a portion of No. 6. — 10. Complexus.—11. Spinalis
dorsi of Winslow, formed by fasciculi extending from
the spinous processes of the upper lumbar to the spi-
nous processes of the lower dorsal vertebrae.*

  * The divisions and subdivisions which some anatomists adopt in
their descriptions of the posterior spinal muscles are,  in the opin-
ion of the Editor, of no practical value, and only tend to complicate
and render difficult  what is  really very simple.  Cruveilhier, dis-
carding the numerous subdivisions of anatomists, considers the long
muscles of the back as three in number, viz., the sacro-lumbalis,
the longissimus dorsi, and the  transverso-spinalis; and Chaussier,
with more propriety and simplicity, considers all of these as forming
only one muscle, which he names the sacro-spinal muscle: a mus-
cle which, from its action, may, with much propriety, be called the
erector spina. 
Pl.'H).
 
fl..11.
Fig:. :v
Fip-. 1.
 
Pl.  31.
               MYOLOGY, Pl. 11.

   Fig. 1.—1. Splenius, occipital portion.—2. Cervi-
tal portion of the same muscle.—3, 3. Complexus.
—4. Trachelo-mastoideus.
   Fig. 2. Deep muscles of the posterior part of
THE NECK.
   1. Complexus.—2.  Trachelo-mastoideus.—3. Ob-
liquus capitis inferior.—4. Obliquus capitis superior.
—5. Rectus capitis major.—6. Rectus capitis minor.
   Fig. 3. This figure represents several vertebrae,
and the posterior part of the corresponding ribs.  It
ought to be examined after the various fasciculi which
compose the  sacro-spinalis.
   1. One of the supra-costal muscles, shown in  its
relations with,  2. An external intercostal muscle.—
3. An internal intercostal muscle.—4. Five fasciculi
of the transverso-spinalis muscle, arising from a single
transverse process, and going to be inserted, success-
ively, and in the order of position, into the lamina
of the vertebra above,'into the union of the lamina
with the spinous process of a second vertebra, into
the base of the spinous process of a third, into the
middle of the spinous process of a fourth, and into
the summit of the spinous process of a fifth vertebra. 
PL 32.
              MYOLOGY, Pl. 12.

  Fig. 1.—1. Deltoid muscle : its tendon is continu-
ous with the brachial aponeurosis.
  Fig. 2.  Posterior muscles of the shoulder.
  1. Supra-spinatus. — 2. Infra-spinatus.—3. Teres
minor.—4. Teres major.—5. Extremity of the latis-
simus dorsi.
  Fig. 3.  Muscles on the anterior part of the
scapula and arm.
  1. Sub-scapularis. — 2. Biceps flexor cubiti. — 3.
Coraco-brachialis.— 4. Brachialis  anticus. — 5. Ex-
tremity of the pectoralis  major.—6. Teres major.—
7. Internal portion of the triceps extensor cubiti.—
8. Aponeurotic expansion of the biceps flexor cubi-
ti, which becomes blended with the fascia of the fore-
arm.
   Fig. 4.—1. Lower extremity of the deltoid, em-
braced by the brachialis  anticus, 2.
   Fig. 5. — 1. Portion of the deltoid. — 2. Triceps
extensor  cubiti.—3. Middle, or  long portion of the
same muscle.—4. Outer portion.—5. Inner portion.
—-6. Anconeus. 
n:.Y>.
Fi<>-. 1.
Fipf. a.
 
pi.:™.
 
PL 33.
              MYOLOGY, Pl. 13.

  Fig. 1. Superficial  muscles  situated on  the
anterior part of the fore-arm.
  1. Pronator radii teres.—2. Flexor carpi radialis.
—3. Palmaris longus.-^-4. Flexor carpi ulnaris, hav-
ing its upper extremity traversed by the ulnar nerve, 7.
—5. Supinator radii  longus.—6. Flexor digitorum
sublimis.—7. Ulnar nerve.
  Fig. 2.—1. Flexor digitorum  sublimis.—2. One
of the tendons of this muscle, split, to allow the pas-
sage of the corresponding tendon of the flexor pro-
fundus.—3. Supinator radii longus.—4. Lower part
of the brachialis  anticus.—5.  Tendon of the biceps.
—6. Anterior annular ligament of the carpus.
  Fig. 3. Deep muscles situated on the anteri-
or PART  OF THE FORE-ARM.
  1. Flexor digitorum profundus.—2. Flexor longus
pollicis.—3. A small fasciculus of the same muscle.
—4. Pronator quadratus.—5 and 6. Supinator lon-
gus and brevis. 
Pl. 34.
              MYOLOGY, Pl. 14.

  Fig. 1.  Superficial muscles on the posterior
PART OF THE FORE-ARM.
  1. Extensor  communis digitorum.—2. Extensor
minimi digiti.—3. Extensor carpi ulnaris.—4. An-
coneus.—5. Extensor carpi radialis longior and bre-
vior, whose tendons pass beneath the tendon of the
extensor pollicis  longus muscle. — 6. Posterior, or
dorsal annular ligament.
  Fig. 2.  Deep muscles on the posterior part
OF THE FORE-ARM.
  1. Supinator radii brevis.—2. Anconeus, raised up.
—3. Abductor longus pollicis.—4. Extensor brevis
pollicis.—5. Extensor longus pollicis.—6. Extensor
proprius indicis, whose tendon becomes blended with
the corresponding tendon of the extensor communis.
  Fig. 3.—1.  Tendons of the long muscles of the
thumb,  viz., flexor longus,  extensor longus brevis,
and abductor longus pollicis.—2. Tendon of the pal-
maris longus.—3. Tendon of the flexor  carpi ulna-
ris.—4. Abductor brevis pollicis.—5. Opponens pol-
licis.—6.  Flexor  brevis pollicis.—7. Adductor pol-
licis.— 8.  Palmaris brevis. — 9. Adductor minimi
digiti.—10. Flexor brevis minimi digiti.—11. Oppo-
nens minimi digiti.
  Fig. 4.  This figure  displays the dorsal interosse-
ous muscles, beneath the lower extremity of which
are seen passing, 1, 2, and 3, the palmar interossei. 
PL.'-Sl.
Fig. 4,
Fig;. 3.
■I I m!(( ^v
 
Fie;, i
1        '/!
li:/.. r/,„,,/n 
Pl. 35.
              MYOLOGY, Pl. 15.

  Figs. 1,2, 3. Muscles situated on the posteri-
or PART OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY.
  Fig. 1.—1. Gluteus maximus.—2. Fascia cover-
ing the gluteus medius.
  Fig. 2.—1.  Gluteus  medius.—2. Pyriformis.—3.
Tendon of the obturator internus, above and below
which are seen the fibres of the gemellus superior
and of the gemellus inferior.—4. Quadratus femoris.
—5. Tendon of the gluteus maximus, divided.
  Fig. 3.—1. Pyriformis, divided.—2. Gluteus  min-
imus.— 3. Obturator internus, accompanied above
and below by the  gemelli.—4. Quadratus femoris.
—5. Adductor magnus.—6.  Biceps flexor cruris.—
7.  Semi-tendinosus.—8. Semi-membranosus.—9. In-
ternal head  of the gastrocnemius, by the side of
which is seen its external head. 
Pl.  36.
                MYOLOGY, Pl. 16.

   Figs. 1, 2. Muscles situated on the anterior
AND INNER PART OF THE THIGH.
   1  and 2. Psoas magnus and iliacus internus, divi-
ded.— 3. Sartorius.—4. Tensor  vaginae femoris.—
5. Rectus femoris.—6. Vastus externus, or external
portion of the triceps extensor cruris.—7. Pectineus.
—8.  Adductor longus.—9.  Gracilis.
   Fig. 2.—1. Triceps  extensor  cruris:  the rectus
femoris  is  divided.*—2. Adductor  brevis.—3. Ad-
ductor magnus.—4. Obturator externus.

  * By the term triceps extensor cruris we understand one mus-
cle, which is formed by the rectus femoris, the  vastus externus, and
vastus internus  of anatomists. What is described as the crureus
is merely a portion of the vastus.  All of these muscles are insert-
ed into the tibia  through the intervention of the patella and its lig-
ament, and hence the propriety of considering them as forming only
one muscle. 
Pl. 36,
Fi'iM.
 
pi :»7
%-
 
PL 37.
               MYOLOGY, Pl. 17.

  Figs. 1, 2, 3. Muscles of the leg and foot.
  Fig.  1. — 1.  Tibialis anticus.—2. Extensor pro-
prius pollicis.—3. Extensor longus digitorum pedis.
—3'.  Peroneus tertius. — 4.  Peroneus  longus. — 5.
Peroneus brevis.—6. Extensor brevis digitorum.—
7. Tendon  of.the peroneus tertius.—8.  Tendon  of
the peroneus brevis.—9. Tendon  of the  peroneus
longus.—10. Dorsal annular  ligament of the tarsus.
  Fig. 2.—1 and 2.  Heads or origins of the gastroc-
nemius,  divided near  their upper extremities.—3.
Plantaris.—4 and 5. Heads of the gastrocnemius,  di-
vided near their lower extremities.—6. Tendo Achil-
lis.—7.  Soleus.—8. Popliteus.
  Fig. 3.—1. Flexor brevis  digitorum.—2. Adduc-
tor pollicis.—3. Flexor brevis pollicis.—4. Adductor
minimi  digiti.—5.  Flexor brevis minimi digiti. 
                      PL 38.

                MYOLOGY, Pl. 18.

   Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4. Muscles of the leg and
FOOT.
   Fig. 1.—1. Popliteus.—2.  Flexor longus digito-
rum pedis.—3.  Flexor longus pollicis.—4. Tibialis
posticus.—5. Flexor accessorius.—6.  Tendon of the
semi-membranosus.
   Fig. 2.—1. Flexor brevis pollicis.—2. Adductor
pollicis pedis* — 3.  Transversus pollicis Dedis.—4.
Tendon of the peroneus longus.
   Fig. 3.  This figure represents the four dorsal in-
terosseous muscles.
   Fig. 4. This figure represents the four plantar in-
terosseous muscles.

  * This is called by Cruveilhier the abductor pollicis; but, for the
reasons  stated in the note, which may be referred to in the Editor's
edition of Cruveilhier's Anatomy, p. 288, we give it the name which
it generally receives from anatomists, viz., adductor pollicis pedis. 
^ !
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pi :vi
35 
PL  39.
                  APONEUROLOGY, Pl. 1.

   Fig. 1. Fascia of the neck.  The platysma myoides is in this
figure raised with the fascia superficialis, which connects it to  the
muscle of the opposite side.
   1. Superficial layer of the cervical fascia.—2.  Massateric fascia.—
3. Parotid fascia : a  continuation of the cervical fascia.—4.  Supra-
clavicular fascia:  a  continuation  of the cervical.—5.  Superficial
portion of the cervical fascia, extending over the pectoralis major.—
6. External jugular  vein, lying immediately on the sterno-cleido-
mastoid, and.  seen  through  the superficial layer of the cervical
fascia.

   Fig. 2. Fascia of the neck.
   1. Middle portion  of the cervical  fascia.—2.  Superficial layer of
this fascia divided.—3. Middle layer, passing under the sterno-cleido-
mastoid, and becoming blended with the tendon of the  omo-hyoid,
and forming above, 4.  The sheath of the great  vessels of the neck.
5. Sterno-cleido-mastoid, divided.—6. Portion of the cervical fascia,
becoming attached to the lower jaw, and separating.—7.  The paro-
tid gland, and, 8.  The submaxillary gland.

   Fig. 3. Fasciae of the neck.
   1. Superficial portion of the cervical fascia, divided.—2. Sterno-
cleido-mastoid, divided.—3. Middle layer of the cervical fascia.—4.
Deep layer of this fascia, extending into the chest, and becoming at-
tached to the lower border of, 5. The thyroid body.

   Fig. 4. Prevertebral aponeurosis.
   1. Prevertebral aponeurosis.—2. Scalenus anticus, forming a pro-
jection  behind this  aponeurosis.—3.  Clavicle sawn through.—4.
Sterno-cleido-mastoid, divided.

   Fig. 5. Fasciae of the axilla.
   1. Pectoralis major, divided.—2. Pectoralis  minor.—3.  Aponeu-
rotic fasciculus, to which are attached, above and  below, 4  and 4'.
Infra-clavicular fasciae.—5. Suspensory ligament of the axilla.

   Fig. 6. Fasciae of the eye.
  1 and 2. Fascia of the eye, continuous with the tarsal fibro-car-
tilages.—3. Aponeurotic lamina connecting the muscles of the eye,
composed of one  lamina in the interval  between the muscles, but
dividing into two lamella along  their courses to form their sheaths.
—4. Aponeurotic  lamina immediately  investing the sclerotic, and
terminating near its union with the optic  nerve.—5. Optic nerve. 
PL 40.
           APONEUROLOGY, Pl. 2.

  Figs. ], 2, 3, and 4 are perpendicular sections of
the extremities, with a view to show the aponeurot-
ic sheaths of the muscles, and the relations of these
sheaths with the bones, the vessels, and the nerves.
  Fig.  1. Section of the right  arm  near the
LOWER THIRD OF THE DELTOID.
  Fig. 2. Section of the fore-arm at its middle.
  Fig. 3. Section of the right  thigh at its mid-
dle.
  Fig. 4. Section of the  right leg at its upper
THIRD.
  Fig. 5. Superficial fascia of the abdomen.
   1. Superficial fascia of the abdomen.—2. Prolon-
gation of this fascia on the thigh.^3. Its continuity
with the dartos.—4.  Accessory suspensory ligament
of the penis, formed by the superficial fascia.
   Fig.  6.—1. Superficial fascia, turned  down.—2.
Reflected layer of the superficial fascia, becoming at-
tached to the crural  arch.—3.  Tendon of the exter-
nal oblique.—4. External  abdominal ring, through
which the spermatic cord passes.—5. Fibres called
the inter-columnar fascia, which strengthen this ring
by connecting its pillars.—6. Linea  alba.—7. Ven-
tral aponeurosis. 
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PL  41.
                APONEUROLOGY, Pl. 3.
  Fig. 1. Fascia transversalis.
  1. Rectus abdominis muscle.—2.  Tendon of the external
oblique  muscle reflected down.—3.  External portion of the
fascia transversalis.—4.  Internal portion.—5. Upper orifice
of the inguinal canal.

  Fig. 2 and 3.  Groin (fascia).
  Fig. 2.—1. Suspensory  ligament of the  penis.—2. Crural
arch—3. Gimbernat's ligament.—4. Cribriform fascia.—5. In-
ternal saphena vein.
  Fig. 3.—1. Aponeurotic layers, lying immediately upon the
femoral vessels.—2. The  falciform border of the fascia lata,
corresponding to the termination of the internal saphena vein.

  Fig. 4. Iliac fasciae, &c, &c. (right side  of the pelvis).
  1. Tendon of  the external oblique.—2. Hio-pubie band, or
ligament of Hesselbach.—3. Fascia iliaca.—4. Tendon of the
psoas parvus.—5. Ligament of Cooper.—6. Femoral vessels
divided, on a level with the crural ring.

  Fig. 5. Superficial perineal fascia.
  1. Testicles drawn up to show the posterior prolongation
of the dartos.—2. Superficial perineal fascia.—3.  Excavation,
the bottom of which is formed by the levator ani.

  Fig. 6, Deep perineal fascia.
  1. Superficial perineal  fascia divided.—2. Deep perineal
fascia, or the ligament of Carcassone.—3.  Foramina for the
passage of the  dorsal vessels and nerves  of the penis.—4.
Bulbous portion  of the urethra, divided.

  Fig. 7. Fascia pelvica.
  1. Crural ring.—2. Gimbernat's  ligament.—3.  Cooper's
ligament.—4. Iliac fascia, forming the external border of the
crural ring.—5. Rectum reflected down.—6. Bladder reflected
down.—7. Pelvic fascia,  composed of fasciculi passing in
various directions.—8.  Opening for the passage of the gluteal
vessels.—9.  Opening for the passage ofthe obturator vessels
and nerve.—10.  Anterior hgament of the bladder, formed by
the pelvic fascia. 
PL 42.
           APONEUROLOGY, Pl. 4.

  Fig. 1.  Fasciae  of the  upper extremity.
  1. Fascia covering the deltoid.—2. Brachial apo-
neurosis.—3. Aponeurosis of the fore-arm.—4. Fas-
ciculus which passes from the biceps to the fascia of
the fore-arm, and strengthens it.—5. Palmar fascia.
—6. Palmaris brevis.
  Fig. 2.—1. Dorsal annular ligament of the carpus.
—2. Dorsal fascia of the hand.
  Fig. 3.  Fasciae of the  lower extremity.
  1. Fascia of the  gluteus maximus.—2. Fascia lata.
—3. Fascia of the tensor vaginae femoris.—4. Apo-
neurosis of the  leg.—5. Dorsal fascia of the foot.
  Fig. 4.  Annular ligament of the instep, formed of
two bundles crossing each other.
  Fig. 5.  Plantar  fasciae.
  1. Middle fasciculus and its terminating bands.—
2. External fasciculus.—3.  Internal fasciculus. 
Pl.  XI.
Fig;. 1.
f% »■
 
pi   i:»
 
Pl.  43.
                 SPLANCHNOLOGY, Pl. 1

  Fig. 1. The mamma, or organ of lactation
  1. Skin.—2.  Areola.—3, 3, 3, 3. Masses  of fat, some of which
adhere to the skin, others are connected with the lobules of the
mammary gland.—4. Mammary gland.—5. Nipple.—6. Lactiferous
ducts.—7. Ampulla of one of these ducts.

   Fig. 2.  Structure of the skin viewed through a micro-
scope, according to Breschet.
  1. Dermis.—2. Epidermis  arranged in layers.—3. Papillas arran-
ged in pairs, forming the ridges of the skin.—4. Nerves of the papil-
la.—5. Sudoriferous glands emerging between two papillae.—6. Su-
doriferous gland and duct seen entire: the duct opens in the  in-
terspace between a  pair of papillas.—8.  Apparatus for  the secretion
of the colouring matter of the skin, terminating in a number of small
ducts.—9. Colouring and epidermic matter gradually deposited in
layers to form the epidermis.—10,10. Absorbent vessels.—11. Blood-
vessel.

  Fig. 3. Thumb cut vertically.
  1. Nail.—2. Epidermis continuous with the nail.—3. Dermis.—
4. Groove of the dermis, in which the posterior extremity of the nail
terminates.—5. Subcutaneous adipose tissue.—6. Ungual phalanx.

  Fig. 4. End of a  thumb from which the epidermis has been
removed.
  1. Matrix of the  naiL—2. Papillary body of the nail.—3. White
spot destitute of papillae.

  Fig. 5.  Vertical section of a hair taken from  the  muzzle
OF AN OX, ACCORDING TO GaULTIER.
  1. A hair split.—2. Membrane of the follicle.—3.  Blood-vessel
entering the follicle  by its orifice.—4. The same vessel dipping down
in the follicle to reach the base of the hair.—5. The  cavity of the
hair, with its base resting on a small reddish conoid body.—6. The
root of the follicle, formed by nervous filaments.—7. Small hairs.—
8. Sebaceous follicles, which supply the entrance of the bulb of the
hairs.

  Fig. 6.  The tongue (dorsum).
  1. Foramen  coecum.—2, 2. Caliciform papillae, arranged in the
form of the  letter V.—3, 3, 3, 3. Conical papillae.—4, 4, 4, 4. Lines
formed by filiform papillae.—5.  Glands at the base of the tongue.—
6, 6, 6. Glosso-epiglottic ligaments.

  Fig. 7.  Transverse vertical section of  the tongue.
  1. Envelope of the  tongue.—2.  Median cartilage.—3, 3.  Genio-
hyo-glossi muscles.—4. Proper vertical fibres.—5, 5. Vertical fibres
continuous with the preceding fibres, and with those of the genio-
hyo-glossi muscles.—6. Dots, representing longitudinal fibres cut.—
7, 7. Transverse fibres. 
Pl.  44.
               SPLANCHNOLOGY, Pl. 2.

  Fig. 1. The eye and its appendages,
  1 and 2.  Puncta lachrymalia.—3.  Ocular portion of the con-
junctiva.—4. Membrana nictitans.—5. Caruncula lachrymalis.

  Fig. 2. It presents the tarsal cartilages, united at their ex-
tremities, 1 and  2, by fibrous tissue.—3 and 4. Meibomian
glands.

  Fig. 3—1. Lachrymal gland.—2. Lachrymal  sac,  on  the
external wall of which is seen the  tendon of the orbicularis
palpebrarum muscle.—3. Nasal duct, opened from lachrymal
sac into the lower meatus of the nostril.—4. Inferior meatus.

  Fig. 4. Ball of the eye viewed  sideways.
  1. Optic  nerve.—2. One ofthe recti muscles : the tendons
of these muscles become blended with the sclerotic coat of
the eye.
  Fig. 5.—1. Sclerotic, cut away near the insertion ofthe optic
nerve, to show, 2. The choroid coat, on the external surface
of which are seen the  ciliary nerves.—3. Ciliary ligament,
at which the choroid coat appears to terminate.—4.  Iris.

  Fig. 6. An eye, from which the sclerotic coat and  the
CORNEA HAVE BEEN REMOVED, SEEN IN FRONT.
  1. Ciliary ligament.—2. Iris.—3.  Pupil.

  Fig. 7. Iris viewed from behind.
  1. Folds  ofthe choroid coat, called the ciliary processes.—
2. Pigmentum nigrum, covering the posterior surface  of the
iris, constituting the uvea.—3. Pupil.

  Fig. 8. Vertical section of eye  magnified.
  1. Optic nerve.—2.  Arteria centralis retinae.—3.  Sheath
of the optic nerve, continuous  with  the sclerotic.—4.  Sclerot-
ic—5. Transparent  cornea.—6. Union of the sclerotic  and
transparent cornea.—7. Choroid.—8. Ciliary ligament, con-
tinuous with the anterior part of the choroid.—9. Ciliary pro-
cesses, continuous with the choroid coat, and, in fact, formed
by it.—10.  Iris.—11. Pupil.—12. Retina.—13. Vitreous body.
—14. Hyaloid membrane.—15. Hyaloid canal, containing  a
large artery.—16. Division ofthe hyaloid membrane into two
layers, Which enclose the crystalline lens.—17.  Space between
these two  laminae and the  crystalline lens, constituting the
canal of Petit.—18.  Crystalline lens, formed of a central nu-
cleus,  the  liquor  Morgagni, and of its proper capsule.—19.
Anterior chamber of the eye, containing the aqueous humour,
enclosed in its proper membrane.—20. Posterior chamber. 
Pl.  11.
Fur. 2.
 
Pl  . 4.V
Kjr. &•
 
PL  45.
               SPLANCHNOLOGY, Pl. 3.

  Fig. 1. Cartilages ofthe nose.
  1.  Lateral cartilage.—2.  Outer branch of the cartilage of
the opening ofthe nostril.—3. Cartilage of the ala of the nose.
—4.  Skin of the ala of the nose.

  Fig. 2. Cartilage of the openings of the nostrils.
  1.  Outer branch.—2. Inner branch.

  Fig. 3. Lateral cartilage of the nose separated.

  Fig. 4. Cartilage of the septum.
  1.  Caudal prolongation.

  Fig. 5. Vertical section of  the nasal fossae to show
the cartilage of the septum.
  1.  Perpendicular plate ofthe ethmoid.—2.  Vomer.—3.  Car-
tilage of the septum.—4. Upper wall of  the nasal fossae.—5.
Orifice ofthe sphenoidal sinus, situated in the nasal fossae.—
6. Sphenoidal sinus.—7. Lower wall ofthe nasal fossae.

  Fig. 6. Outer wall of the nasal fossae, the turbinated
bones, and meatuses.

  1.  Upper turbinated bone, and, 2.  Upper  meatus.—3.  Mid-
dle turbinated bone, and, 4. Middle  meatus: it presents the
orifice of the maxillary sinus.—5. Inferior  turbinated bone,
and,  6. Inferior meatus.—7. Orifice of the Eustachian tube.

  Fig. 7. The turbinated bones cut to show the communi-
cation of the meatuses.
  1.  Posterior ethmoidal cells, communicating with the up-
per meatus, near which is seen, 2. The sphenoidal  sinus.—3.
Anterior ethmoidal cells, communicating  with the  middle
meatus, which latter also communicates  with, 4. The frontal
sinus, and with, 5.  The maxillary sinus.—6. Inferior  meatus,
communicating with, 7. The lachrymal canal, and presenting
behind, 8. The Eustachian tube. 
Pl.  46.
               SPLANCHNOLOGY, Pl. 4.

  Fig. 1.  Pinna of the ear invested with integument.
  1. Helix.—2. Groove of the helix.—3. Antihelix.—4. Fossa
navicularis.—5. Tragus. — 6.  Antitragus. — 7. Concha.—8.
Lobule.
  Fig. 2.  Proper muscles of the pinna.
  1. Process of the helix, from which proceeds a ligament
and the anterior auris muscle.—2. Great muscle ofthe helix.
—3. Small muscle of the helix.—4. Muscle of the tragus.—5.
Muscle of the anti-tragus.

  Fig. 3.  Cartilage of the pinna (internal surface).
  1. Transverse muscle ofthe pinna.

  Fig. 4.  External ear, pinna, and meatus auditorius ex-
ternus.
  1. Pinna,  viewed in profile and from behind.—2. Osseous
portion  of meatus auditorius.—3. Cartilaginous portion.—4.
Membranous portion.

  Fig. 5.—1. Bony ring of the tympanum, distinctly  seen in
the foetal scull.—2.  Membrana tympani.

  Fig. 6.  Inner wall of the tympanum.
  1. Osseous projection ofthe aqueduct of Fallopius.—1'. Con-
tinuation of the aqueduct of Fallopius.—2.  Fenestra ovalis.—
3.  Promontory.—4. Fenestra rotunda.—5.  Canal for the ten-
sor tympani muscle.—6. Eustachian tube. — 7. Orifice ofthe
mastoid cells.—7'. Mastoid cells.—8.  Canal ofthe pyramid.

  Fig. 7.  Bones of the ear.
  1. Malleus.—2.  Incus.—3.  Orbiculare.—4. Stapes.—5.
Base of the stapes.

  Fig. 8. Muscles of the tympanum.
  1. Tensor tympani.—2. Laxator tympani.—3. Stapedius.

  Fig. 9. Internal ear or labyrinth.
  1. Fenestra ovalis.—2. Wall of the  vestibule, into which
the fenestra ovalis leads.—3. Fenestra rotunda, which leads
into the scala  tympani of the cochlea.—4. Superior semicir-
cular canal.—5. Inferior semicircular canal.—6. Horizontal
semicircular canal.—7. Cochlea.

  Fig. 10. Cochlea, where the outer  wall has been removed
to show the gyrations.
  1. Lamina gyrorum.—2. Lamina spiralis. —3.  Scala tym-
pani,—4. Scala vestibuli. 
PI.  Hi.
Kip-, i
/.A-.ilh Jrl. 
1M.I7
\ ^;Ma\1
 
Pl. 47.
          SPLANCHNOLOGY, Pl. 5.

  Fig. 1.  Salivary  glands.
  The body of the jaw-bone cut near the symphysis
on the right side, and at its union with the ramus.
The tongue is drawn out of the mouth.
  1. Sterno-cleido-mastoid.—2. Masseter.—3. Par-
otid gland and the  duct of Steno.—4. Accessory
gland, adherent to Steno's duct.—5. Glands around
this canal near its termination.—6.  Genio-hyo-glossus
muscle.—7. Mylo-hyoid muscle, divided.—8. Exter-
nal portion of the sub-maxillary gland.—9. Internal
portion of this gland.—10.  Duct of Wharton.—11.
Sub-maxillary  ganglion, which inosculates with the
lingual nerve. —12.  Sub-lingual gland,  and duct of
Rivinus.
  Fig. 2.  View of  the mouth.
  The right  side of the lower jaw sawn  near the
symphysis, and removed.  The right cheek is remo-
ved, and the pharynx opened on the same side.
  1. Arch ofthe palate.—2. Velum palati.—3. Uvu-
la.—4. Posterior pillar. — 5. Anterior pillar  of the
velum palati.—6. Tonsil.—7. Tongue.—8.  Epiglot-
tis, beneath which is  seen the upper opening of the
larynx. 
PL  48.
               SPLANCHNOLOGY, Pl. 6.

  Fig. 1. Pharynx opened from behind.  It is removed from
the vertebral column.
  1. Internal pterygoid muscle.—2. Stylo-pharyngeus muscle.
—3 and 4. Posterior openings of the nasal fossae.—5. Velum
palati and uvula.—6.  Anterior pillar, and, 7.  Posterior  pillar
of the velum, forming, with the  base of the  tongue, 8. The
amygdaloid fossa.—9.  Posterior opening of the mouth.—10.
Base of the tongue.—11. Upper opening of the larynx.—12.
Posterior surface of the larynx.—13. Commencement of the
trachea.

  Fig. 2. Thyroid cartilage.
  1.  Oblique line.—2.  Great cornu.—3.  Small cornu.

  Fig. 3. Cricoid cartilage.
  Fig. 4. Arytenoid cartilage viewed from behind.

  Fig. 5. Epiglottis.
  Fig. 6. Larynx, cut vertically, and viewed from within.
  1.  Upper ligament of the glottis of the left side.—2. In-
ferior ligament of the  glottis.   These ligaments" form the
chordae  vocales—3. Ventricle of the larynx, called saccula
laryngea.
  Fig. 7. Larynx, trachea, and  bronchial tubes, viewed in
front.
  1.  Hyoid bone.—2.  Thyro-hyoid membrane.—3.  Thyroid
cartilage.—4. Crico-thyroid membrane.—5. Cricoid cartilage.
—6.  Trachea.—7 and 8. Two cartilaginous rings.—9. Mem-
brane which separates them.—10. Right bronchus and its di-
visions.—11. Left bronchus.
  Fig. 8.  Larynx, trachea,  and commencement  of  the
bronchi, viewed from behind.
  1.  Upper opening ofthe larynx.—2 and 3.  Lateral grooves
of the larynx.—4.  Fibrous membrane of  the trachea, inter-
spersed with small glands, beneath which is seen, 5. The
muscular fibres; beneath this last are seen,  6 and  7. Small
fibrous bands, which fold, 8. The mucous membrane seen be-
tween them. 
PI. 18.
 
Pl. p)
'•>£■
*—§m
b-aI
/„WHh'.lrl. 
Pl. 49.
          SPLANCHNOLOGY, Pl. 7.

   Fig. 1. Right side of the heart seen in front
(proper fibres).
   1. Right auricle, above which is seen the vena ca-
va superior.—2. Right ventricle.—3. Pulmonary ar-
tery.
   Fig. 2. Left side of the heart seen in front
(proper fibres).
   1. Left auricle and  pulmonary  veins. — 2. Left
ventricle.—3.  Aorta.
   Fig. 3. Vertical section of the chest, with a view
to show the course of the pleurae.
   1. Heart and pericardium.—2 and 3. Tissue  ofthe
two lungs.—4. The  pleura of the right side, traced
from the junction of the ribs and costal cartilages, is
seen, after investing these cartilages, to be reflected
on the posterior surface of the sternum,  and to form,
with the pleura of the left side, behind this  bone, 5,
the anterior mediastinum;  it then invests the peri-
cardium, 6, the anterior part of the  root of the lung,
the entire surface of  the right lung, 7, the posterior
part of the root of the lung, from which it is reflect-
ed to invest the sides of the vertebral column, so as
to form, with the pleura of the opposite  side,  8, the
posterior mediastinum, in which is seen the oesopha-
gus and numerous vessels; it then invests the  inter-
nal surface of the ribs, and returns to its point  of de-
parture, 4, thus forming a shut sac.
   Fig. 4. Larynx, trachea, pericardium, and lungs
viewed in front.
   1. Larynx. — 2. Trachea. — 3 and 4.  Lungs.—5.
Pericardium.—6. Vena cava  superior. — 7. Arteria
innominata.—8. Primitive carotid artery of the left
Bide.—9. Left subclavian artery. 
PL  50.
               SPLANCHNOLOGY, Pl. 8.

  Fig. 1. Heart viewed in front.
  1. Right auricle.—2.  Right appendix auricula;.—3. Vena
cava superior.—4. Vena cava inferior.—5. Left auricle.—6.
Left appendix  auriculae.—7 and 8. Pulmonary  veins.—9.
Auriculo-ventricular furrow, in which are  seen the coronary
vessels.__10. Groove which separates the two ventricles.—
11.  Right ventricle.—12. Pulmonary artery. —13. Left ven-
tricle.—14. Aorta.
  Fig. 2. Right side of the heart laid open so as to dis-
play the interior.
  1. Cavity of the auricle.—2. Fossa ovalis.—3. Eustachian
valve.—4. Orifice of the great coronary vein.—5. Cavity of
the ventricle presenting the various orders of columnae carneas.
—6. One ofthe folds ofthe tricuspid valve.—7.  Pulmonary ar-
tery, with two of its sigmoid valves.

  Fig. 3. Left side of the heart laid open.
  1. Cavity of the auricle, at the upper part of which are seen
the pulmonary veins.—2. Cavity of the  ventricle.—3. Mitral
valve.—4. Aorta, at the origin of which are seen two sigmoid
valves.
  Fig. 4.  Heart,  with its  serous membrane and fat re-
moved to display the muscular fibres.
  1. Fibres common to the two auricles.—2.  Proper fibres
of the right auricle.—3. Proper fibres of the left auricle.—4.
Fibres common to the two  ventricles*.—5. Foramina, which
give passage to the coronary vessels.—6.  Point of the heart
where the common fibres, superficial at first, are seen to col-
lect in a spiral form, enter into the interior of  the wall of the
heart,  and become deep seated.—7. Raphe, where the common
superficial fibres, anterior and posterior, are seen to cross each
other, and become deep seated.—8 and 9.  Orifices of the pul-
monary artery and aorta. 
pi.:>o
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Fig. 1 .
Pig. .'..
Kis.

IrtriUeHrl
\Y.I..Orm*ky 
pi  :.i
uj..(i,w*h 
PL  51,
                SPLANCHNOLOGY, Pl. 9.

   The peritoneum.  The abdomen is opened on the right side.
   The peritoneum, traced from, 1, the umbilicus, invests, 2,
 the anterior wall of the abdomen,  and  passing from thence
 it is reflected on the lower surface of, 3, the  diaphragm, and
 forms, 4, the suspensory ligament of the liver ; at 5 the pe-
 ritoneum is reflected from the diaphragm on this latter organ,
 and covers, 6, its superior surface.—7 represents the gall blad-
 der, and a part of the inferior surface of the liver.  As the
 peritoneum passes from the liver to the stomach, it forms, 8,
 the anterior layer of the gastro-hepatic omentum ; as it passes
 from the stomach to the spleen, it forms, 9, the anterior layer
 of the gastro-splenic omentum.  It enters, in the form of a
 cul-de-sac,  10, the  foramen  of Winslow: the anterior wall
 of this cul-de-sac is formed by the reflected portion of the
 anterior layer of the gastro-hepatic omentum, while the pos-
 terior layer is formed by the process of the peritoneum, which
 enters by the  foramen of Winslow.  These two layers sep-
 arate at, 11, the small curvature of the stomach, cover the
 anterior  and posterior  surfaces of this organ, and come  to-
 gether again at, 12, the great curvature,  and form,  13, the
 gastro-colic, or great omentum.  This  is reflected upon it-
 self, and terminates by dividing at,  14, the transverse co-
 lon (cut through).   The two layers cover the colon, the one
 above the other below, and then, in reuniting, form, 15, the
 transverse meso-colon.  The two layers separate  above, 16,
 the duodenum.  The upper layer  covers, 17, the pancreas,
 and ascends to the foramen of Winslow, and of itself forms,
 after this division,  the  posterior wall of,  18, the  cavity of
 the omentum.  The lower layer,  19, reaches, 20, the small
 intestine, invests it, and forms, 21, the mesentery.  After
 having formed the mesentery, it turns upon itself, goes down
 and covers, 22, the sigmoid flexure of the colon, and,  23, a
 part of the rectum ;  is reflected from the rectum to cover the
 upper part of the posterior wall of the vagina, so as to form,
 24, the posterior ligament of the uterus.  It then surrounds,
 25, the womb, and forms, on each side, 26, the broad ligaments
 (one of these ligaments is cut).  From the womb, it passes on
 the posterior wall of, 27, the bladder, forming, 28, the ante-
rior ligaments of the uterus, returns to the umbilicus (its point
of departure), surrounding the urachus and  umbilical arteries,
 as it forms, 30, the superior ligaments of the bladder. 
Pl. 52.
          SPLANCHNOLOGY, Pl. 10.

  Fig. 1.  The stomach and the duodenum viewed
IN FRONT,  AND THE LIVER FROM BELOW.
  1. Stomach.—2. Great cul de sac.—3. Small cul
de sac. —  4. Cardiac orifice, or cardia. — 5. Pyloric
orifice.—6. Duodenum.— 7. Head of the pancreas,
defined by the vena porta and superior mesenteric
artery, which also define the extent of the duodenum
as they pass in front of it.—8 and 9. Portions of the
large intestine.—10. Portion  of the great omentum.
—11. Lower surface of the great lobe  of the liver.
—12. Course ofthe vena cava inferior.—13.  Longi-
tudinal fissure, or fissure of the umbilical vein, con-
taining the remains of this vein, now converted into
the round ligament.—14.  Transverse  fissure,  con-
taining the sinus of the vena portae, branches of the
hepatic artery and hepatic duct.—15. Gall bladder,
terminating in the cystic duct, which unites with the
hepatic duct to form, 16. The ductus communis cho-
ledochus.—17. Trunk of the vena portae.—18. He-
patic artery.—19. Lobulus quadratus.—20. Lobulus
Spigelii.—20'. Left lobe.
  Fig. 2.  Stomach, from which the mucous mem-
brane  HAS BEEN REMOVED,  TO SHOW THE ARRANGE-
MENT OF ITS FLESHY FIBRES.
  1 and 2. Small fibrous bands, from the oesophagus
to the small curvature.—3. Muscular fibres passing
in various directions. 
 
pi.:.:-.
 
Pl. 53.
         SPLANCHNOLOGY, Pl. 11.

  Fig. 1. A portion of the  internal surface of the
oesophagus and stomach.
  1. Smooth mucous membrane  of the oesophagus.
—2. Surface of the stomach.—3.  Line of separation
of the oesophagus and stomach, marked by inequali-
ties corresponding to the cardiac  orifice.

  Fig. 2. Valve of the Pylorus.

  Fig. 3.—1. Convolutions of the small intestine.—
2. Coecum, receiving the small intestines, and  pre-
senting the  appendix vermiformis. — 3. Ascending
colon.—4. Transverse colon.—5.  Descending colon.
—6. Sigmoid flexure ofthe  colon.—7.  Commence-
ment of the rectum.—8. One of the appendices  epi-
ploicae of the large intestine. 
Pl. 54.
         SPLANCHNOLOGY, Pl. 12.

  Fig. 1. Portion of the small intestine open-
ed  TO SHOW THE VALVULE CONNIVENTES,  OR THE
VALVES of Kerkringius.
  Fig. 2. COSCUM LAID OPEN.
  1. Lower extremity ofthe small intestine.—2. Ap-
pendix vermiformis.—3. Orifice of this appendix.—
4. Opening of the small intestine in the  coecum.—5
and 6. Segments of the ilio-coecal valve, or the valve
of Bauhin.
  Fig. 3.  Spleen.
  1 and 2.  Fissures which are sometimes observed
upon its borders. — 3 and 4. Two  of the  vascular
apertures, by whose union is formed the fissure of
the spleen.
  Fig. 4. Biliary and pancreatic ducts viewed
IN FRONT.
  1.  Duodenum. — 2. Gall bladder laid open. — 3.
Small valvular folds.—4.  Cystic duct.—5.  Hepatic
duct.—6.  Ductus communis choledochus.—7. Pan-
creas. — 8. Head of the pancreas. — 9.  Pancreatic
duct, or the canal of Virsung.
  Fig. 5.—1.  Supra-renal capsule. — 2.  Kidney.—
3. Ureter.—4 and 5. Renal artery and vein.
  Fig. 6. Kidney cut through the middle.
  1.  Cortical substance. — 2. Cone of tubular sub-
stance, terminating by a papilla which is embraced
by  a  calyx. — 3. A calyx laid open.—4.  Pelvis.—5.
Ureter. 
I'P.'Vl.
I''i<r. 1
 
Pl. .')•'.
 
Pl. 55.
         SPLANCHNOLOGY, Pl. 13.

  Genital Organs.   Pelvis divided in  the median
line, and laid open from the right side.
  1. Vertebral column.—2. Termination of the large
intestine.—3. Bladder.—4. Ureter.—5 and 6. Vasa
deferentia.—7. One ofthe  vesiculae seminales, open-
ing into the vas deferens to form, 8. The ductus ejac-
ulatorius communis.—9. Prostate.—10. Membranous
portion of the urethra.—11. Triangular  ligament.—
12. One  of Cowper's glands. — 13.  Urethra. — 14.
Bulb of the urethra.—15. Glans penis.—16. Septum
scroti: the  right testicle and its envelopes have been
removed. — 17. Skin of the penis. — 18.  Prepuce.—
18'. Fraenum preputii.—19. Corpus cavernosum, cut
so as to show its membrane, its structure, and its ar-
tery.—20. Septum pectiniforme of the corpus caver-
nosum. 
PL  56.
              SPLANCHNOLOGY, Pl. 14.

  Fig. 1. Profile view of the bladdek from the right side.
  1. Muscular fibres passing in various directions.—1'. Neck
ofthe bladder.—2 and 3. Ureters.—4. Urachus.—5. Vesicula
seminalis.—6. Prostate gland.—7. A portion of the urethra.

  Fig. 2. The lower part of the bladder, and the urethra
opened from  above  and from before.
  1. Trigone vesicale, bounded by the urethra, and by, 2 and
3. The openings ofthe ureters.—4. Vesicula seminalis.—5.
Prostate.—6. One of  Cowper's  glands.—7. Verumontanum,
or urethral crest, where the two orifices of the ejaculatory
ducts and the ducts of the prostate enter the urethra.—8 and
9. Two small cavities, known under the name of the lacunae
of Morgagni.

  Fig. 3. Genital organs : envelopes  of the testicle.
  1. Skin of the scrotum.—2. Dartos.—3. Lamella, which de-
scends from  the  circumference  of the external  abdominal
ring.—4. Muscular fibres of the cremaster, forming the tunica
erythroides.—5. Fibrous coat.—6. Tunica vaginalis, or serous
coat. — 7.  Testicle,  enveloped  in the tunica  albuginea.—8.
Epididymis.—9. Vas  deferens. —10. Artery  which accom-
panies it.—11. Externa]  abdominal ring.—12. Inguinal canal
laid open: the spermatic cord is seen passing  beneath the
obliquus internus.

  Fig. 4. Testicle  cut vertically.
  1. Substance of the testicle, as if divided by bands.—1'.
Tunica albuginea.—2. Tubuli seminiferi.—3. Corpus  High-
morianum.—-4. Ducts passing from the corpus Highmorianum,
and going to, 5. The globus major ofthe epididymis.—6. Body
of the epididymis.—7.  Globus minor.—8. Vas deferens. 
Pi.rwi.
 
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PL  57.
               SPLANCHNOLOGY, Pl. 15.

  Fig. 1.  Genital organs of the female.
  1. One  of the broad ligaments of the uterus.—2. Round
ligaments.—3. Round ligament, terminating in apes anserinus.
—4. Ovary and its ligament.—5. Fallopian tube, terminating
in its fimbriated extremity.—6. Body of the womb.—7. Neck.
—8. Os Tincae.

  Fig. 2.  The posterior half  of the uterus after a per-
pendicular TRANSVERSE SECTION OF IT HAS BEEN MADE.
  1. Cavity of the body of the uterus : it is continuous with,
2. The cavity of the Fallopian tubes, and, 3. The cavity of the
neck.  In this  last cavity there is seen an  arborescent pro-
jection, called the arbor vita? of the womb.—i. Ligament of
the ovary.

  Fig. 3. Womb divided into two lateral halves : the left
HALF IS HERE SHOWN.  THE BLADDER, THE URETHRA, THE VA-
GINA, AND THE RECTUM ARE OPENED.
  1. Bladder.—2. Urachus.—3. Anterior ligament ofthe blad-
der.—4. Urethra.—5. Rectum.—6.  Lacunae at the  inferior
extremity of the rectum.—7. Fallopian tube.—8. Ovary.—9.
Uterus:  the peritoneum is seen to  envelop it, and  to pass
from thence on the bladder and on the rectum.—10. Vagina.
—11 and  12. Anterior and posterior pillars of the vagina.—
13.  Clitoris.

  Fig. 5.  ExTERAL GENITAL ORGANS.
  1. Mons Veneris.—2. Labium major.—3.  Labium  minus :
at its upper  extremity it divides into two folds, one of which
terminates below the clitoris ; the other unites with a similar
fold of the labium minus of the opposite side, to form a sort
of prepuce to the clitoris.—4. Clitoris, of which only the an-
terior extremity is seen.—5. Vestibule.—6. Meatus urinarius.
—7. Entrance ofthe vagina.—8. Fourchette.—9. Fossa navic-
ularis.—10. Anus.—11. Perineum.

  Fig. 6.—1 and 2. Labia minora.—3. Clitoris, root, body, and
glans.—4. Suspensory ligament  of  the clitoris.—5.  Corpus
cavernosum, in its course to terminate in the glans clitoridis. 
Pl.  58.
             ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 1.

heart, arch OF the  aorta, arteria innominata,
    carotid and subclavian arteries, &c, &c.
   The sternum is  sawn through, and the thorax is
opened on the left side.
   1. Heart. — 2. Left coronary artery. — 3. Right
coronary artery.—4. Pulmonary artery, cut through.
—5. Arch of the aorta.—-6.  Arteria innominata.—7.
Left primitive carotid.—8.  Left subclavian artery.
—9. Division of the arteria innominata into the right
primitive  carotid and  right  subclavian.—10.  Divis-
ion of the primitive carotid  into external and inter-
nal carotid. —11. Superior  thyroid  artery and its
principal branches.—12. Lingual artery.—13. Facial
artery.—14. Inferior palatine artery.—15. Sub-men-
tal artery.—16. Inferior coronary artery.—17.  Supe-
rior  coronary artery.—18. One of the branches of
the lateralis nasi.—19. Occipital artery.—20. Pos-
terior auricular artery.—21. Ascending pharyngeal
artery.—22. Division  of the external  carotid  artery
into  internal maxillary and  superficial temporal.—
23. Transversales faciei artery.—24.  One ofthe an-
terior auricular branches.—25. Middle temporal ar-
tery.—25'. The arteria cervicalis ascendens, a branch
of the inferior thyroid  artery.—26. Vertebral artery.
—27. Place where the vertebral artery enters the
canal of the transverse processes.—28. Superior in-
tercostal artery.—29.  The  transversalis humeri arte-
ry.—30. The transversalis colli artery.—31.  Inter-
nal mammary artery.—32. Anterior mediastinal ar-
tery.—33.  Superior phrenic  artery. 
P1.58.
KrvrfffS dr/.
" ' fy,„,„/n .,.,, 
Fl.;V.l
Fi£.--
'/.'/. Or,„.y/,y. .„-, 
PL  59.
                  ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 2.

   Fig.  1. Lingual artery.   The  inferior maxilla is  sawn
 through.
   1. Os Hyoides.—2. Hyo-glossus, divided to show the course
 of the lingual artery.—3, 3. Stylo-glossus muscle.—4. Genio-
 glossus.—5.  External carotid artery.—6. Lingual artery.—7.
 Dorsal  artery of the tongue.

   Fig.  2. Internal Maxillary artery.   The right side of
 the cranium  has been removed, all the upper part  of the in-
 ferior maxilla, the external table of the rest of the  bone, and
 the outer wall of the orbit.
   1. External carotid artery.—2. Occipital artery and its mas-
 toid branch.—3. Posterior auricular and the stylo-mastoid
 branch.—4.  Superficial temporal and the anterior  auricular
 branches.—5. Middle temporal artery.—6. Internal  maxillary
 artery, which gives ofFthe meningea media, which enters the
 cranium by the  foramen spinosum, and the meningea parva,
 which enters by the  foramen lacerum  jugulare. — 6'. Divis-
 ion of the middle meningeal artery.—6", 6".  Anterior menin-
 geal branches, furnished by the ophthalmic artery. —6'", 6"'.
 Divisions of  the posterior meningeal within the cranium.—7.
 Inferior dental.—7'. Same artery in the dental canal.—8. Mas-
 seteric.—9.  Pterygoid.—10. Buccal.—11.  Facial,  anastomo-
 sing with the  buccal. —12.  Alveolar  and posterior dental
 branches.—13. Infra-orbital.—13'.  Same artery, as  it appears
 on the  face,  passing through  the infra-orbital foramen.—14,
 14. Deep temporal.—15.  Internal maxillary  in its passage
 through the pterygo-maxillary fissure.

   Fig. 3.  Internal maxillary artery entering the spheno-
 palatine FORAMEN, WHICH NAME IT TAKES.
   1. Pterygoid process.—2. Infra-orbital artery.—3. Palatine.
 —4. Vidian,  or pterygoid.—5. Pterygo-palatine.

   Fig. 4.  Ophthalmic artery.  The outer wall ofthe orbit is
 removed,  and the carotid canal laid open.
   1. Anterior dental artery in its canal.—2. Posterior dental
 branches.—3. Internal carotid.—4. Ophthalmic.—5. Arteria
 centralis retinas.—6. Lachrymalis.—7.  Muscular branch.—8.
 Supra-orbital.—9. One of the long ciliary arteries.—10. An an-
terior ciliary  artery.—11. Ethmoidal arteries.—12.  Palpebral.
—13. Termination ofthe ophthalmic artery in the frontal and
nasal branches.
  Fig. 5. Ophthalmic artery, the eye being removed.
   1. Ophthalmic—2. Inferior muscular branch.—3.—Superior
palpebral.—4  Ir ferior palpebral. 
PL 60.
                  ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 3.
  Fig. 1.  Arteries of the cerebrum, cerebellum, &c, &c.
  1. Anterior lobe ofthe brain.—2. Posterior lobe.—3. Fissure
of Sylvius.—4. Pons Varolii.—5. Cerebellum.—6. Medulla ob-
longata.—7. Trunk of the internal carotid artery, cut.—8. Pos-
terior communicating artery.—8'. Artery ofthe choroid plexus
(one part  of the middle lobe is  removed).—9. Anterior cere-
bral artery.—10. Anterior cerebral artery after it has become
united to the corresponding artery ofthe opposite side by the,
11. Anterior communicating artery.—12. Vertebral artery.—
13. Posterior  and inferior  cerebellar artery.—14. Basilar ar-
tery.—15. Anterior and inferior cerebellar artery. —16.  Su-
perior  cerebellar artery.—17. Posterior cerebral artery, anas-
tomosing with the internal carotid by means of the posterior
communicating artery.   Between it and the superior cere-
bellar artery is seen the third pair of nerves.

  Fig. 2.  Vertebral and cervicalis profunda arteries.  A
lateral view of the vertebral column, and  a portion  of
the base of the cranium.
  1. Portion ofthe subclavian artery.—2. Common trunk of
the vertebral artery and of the cervicalis profunda.*—3.  Ver-
tebral artery in the canal formed by the transverse processes.
—4. Vertical curve of this artery. — 5. Horizontal curve.—
6.  Vertebral artery within the  cranium. — 7. Basilar artery
and its branches.—8. Cervicalis profunda.—9 and 10. Anas-
tomoses between this artery and the vertebral.—11. End  of
the transverso-spinalis muscle.

  Fig. 3.  Arch and thoracic portion of the aorta.  The
ribs have been sawn through near the vertebral column.
  1. Trachea.—2 and 3. Bronchi.—4. GSsophagus.—5. Arch
ofthe aorta.—6. Arteria innominata.—7. Primitive left carotid.
—8. Left subclavian.—9. Superior intercostal, arising from a
common trunk with the inferior thyroid.+—10.  Thoracic aorta.
—11 and 12. Oesophageal arteries.—13 and 14. Bronchial ar-
teries.—15.  One of the inferior intercostal arteries.—16. In-
tercostal branch.—17. Dorsal branch.—18. Spinal branch.
  Fig. 4.  Spinal arteries.  The body of the vertebrae is re-
moved, and  the vertebral canal is opened in front.
  1. Spinal marrow, with its membranes in the vertebral canal.
—2. An intercostal artery.—3. A spinal artery entering through
an  intervertebral foramen, and furnishing branches to the
walls of the  canal, to the spinal marrow, and to its membranes.
 *  The arteria cervicalis profunda does not arise in common with the verte-
bral artery, as  here described; on the contrary, it arises as an independent
branch, and usually comes off from the subclavian artery, as it lies under cover
of the scalenus anticus.               + This is not its usual origin. 
P1.60.
*rf7§  S
/.rW,l/r,/,/
'/.'/,. Or,„«/,r 
fl.Gl.
 
Pl.  61.
             ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 4.

  Figs. 1  and 2. Arteries  of the axilla, arm,
AND  HAND.
  Fig.  1.  Scalenus anticus muscle, behind which
passes the subclavian artery.—2 and 3. Anterior tho-
racic arteries. — 3'. Acromial artery. — 4. External
mammary artery. — 5.  Posterior branch of the sub-
scapular artery.—6. Anterior branch  of the same ar-
tery.—7 and 8. Anterior circumflex artery.—9. Pos-
terior circumflex artery.—10. Brachial artery.—11.
Superior profunda artery.—12. Inferior profunda.—
13. Radial artery.—14. Anterior radial recurrent.—
15. Ulnar  artery.—16. Anterior ulnar recurrent.—
17. Posterior ulnar recurrent.—18. Interosseous ar-
tery.
  Fig. 2.—1. Ulnar artery.—2.  Anterior interosse-
ous.—3. Posterior interosseous.—4.  Superficial pal-
mar  arch.—5. One of the collateral branches ofthe
fingers.—6 and 7. Two digital arteries.—8. Radial
artery.—9. Superficialis volae. — 10. Deep palmar
arch.—11.  A posterior perforating artery.—12. One
of the anterior perforating  arteries. 
Pl. 62.
             ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 5.

                  CCELIAC AXIS.

  The liver is elevated so as to show its lower sur-
face.
  1. Liver.—2.  Gall bladder.—3.  Cord, or, as it is
called, the rounded ligament, the remains ofthe um-
bilical vein.— 4. Stomach. — 5. Commencement of
the duodenum.—6. Spleen.—7. Pancreas.—8. Cce-
liac axis.—9. Coronary artery ofthe stomach, giving
origin to the oesophageal branches, and passing along
the small  curvature  ofthe stomach. —10. Hepatic
artery.—11. Pyloric artery. — 12. Gastro-epiploica
dextra, passing  down behind the  duodenum, and
along the great curvature of the stomach.—13. Cys-
tic artery.—14. Splenic artery.—15. Flexuous line,
showing the course of the splenic artery behind the
stomach.—16. Gastro-epiploica sinistra.—17 and 18.
 Vasa brevia. 
I'l i\2.
r,,w,//,,/,/. 
PUm.
LrWillrtlrl. 
Pl. 63.
             ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 6.

  Superior Mesenteric Artery.  The small intes-
tines are drawn downward and to the left, the large
intestines are raised upward and to the right.
  1. Small  intestines.—2. Coecum.—3.  Appendix
vermiformis cceci.—4. Ascending colon.—5. Trans-
verse colon.—6. Superior mesenteric artery, giving
off from its convexity the arteries of the small intes-
tines, which form a sort of network before they reach
the intestine. — 7. Superior right colic  artery.—8.
Middle colic [both 7 arid 8  form really the middle
colic arteries].—9.  Inferior colic, or colica dextra. 
Pl. 64.
             ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 7.

  Right and Left  Colic  Arteries.   The small
intestine is here removed.
  1. Large intestine.—2.  Aorta.—3. Superior  me-
senteric artery.—4. One of its branches for the small
intestine, cut near its origin.—5. Superior right colic
artery, or colica media, a branch of the superior mes-
enteric  artery.—6. Arch formed by the middle colic
artery. — 7. Inferior right  colic, or colica dextra.—
8. Inferior mesenteric artery.—9. Superior left colic.
—10. Middle left colic.—11.  Inferior left colic [these
three branches are often described as forming the
colica sinistra].—12 and 13.  Superior haemorrhoidal
arteries. 
PI.64.
AA
•:■
f.'iti/tr,/,/
U'/..Ol-»,rAV.*;- 
I'l.or..
 
PL  65.
             ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 8.

            arteries of  the abdomen.

   1. Diaphragm.—2. Kidney.—2'. Supra-renal cap-
sule.—3. Aorta.—4. Coeliac axis (cut).—5. Superior
mesenteric artery (cut).—6. Inferior mesenteric arte-
ry (cut).—7. Superior capsular artery;  the middle
comes from the aorta, the inferior from the renal ar-
tery.—8. Renal artery.^—9. One of the spermatic ar-
teries.—10. One ofthe lumbar arteries.—11. One of
the phrenic arteries.—12.  Middle sacral artery.—13.
Division of the aorta into the primitive iliacs.—14.
Division of a primitive iliac artery into the  external
and internal iliacs :  the latter is frequently named the
hypogastric artery.—15. Circumflex iliac.—16. Epi-
gastric artery.
t 
Pl. 66.
             ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 9.

  Fig. 1.  Arteries of the pelvis.
  1. Termination ofthe aorta.—2. Middle sacral ar-
tery.—3. A lumbar artery. — 4. Primitive ihac—-5.
External iliac.—6.  Circumflex iliac.—7. Epigastric.
— 8.  Remains  of the umbilical artery of the foetus,
converted into  a ligament.—9. Obturator.—10. Ve-
sical.—H. Ilio-lumbar.—12 and  13.  Lateral sacral
arteries.—14. Gluteal artery.—15. Middle  hemor-
rhoidal.—16. Internal pudic.—17.  Sciatic.
  Fig. 2. The  obturator artery, dividing outside the
pelvis into two branches, which encircle the obtura-
tor foramen.
  Fig. 3. The  gluteal and sciatic arteries with-
out the pelvis.
  The gluteus  maximus and medius muscles are di-
vided and turned aside.
  1.  Gluteal artery.—2. Branch to the gluteus max-
imus.—3, 4, and 5.  Deep branches, situated  between
the gluteus medius and minimus.—6. Sciatic artery.
—7 and 8. Internal  pudic  artery.—9. Internal cir-
cumflex, a branch of the profunda femoris.—10 and
11. Two perforating arteries  ofthe arteria profunda
femoris. 
Pl.()().
 
Pl .(•>/".
Fie-. 2,
11  ----
-
:\ A^my Vr ft*
m
 
Pl. 67.
            ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 10.

  Fig. 1. Internal pudic  arteries in a  male.
  1. Gluteus maximus, cut.—2. Great sacro-sciatic
ligament, cut.—3.  Small sacro-sciatic ligament.—4.
Sphincter ani.—5. Transversus perinei.—6.  Erector
penis.—7. Accelerator urinae.—8. Urethra, enclosed
in the corpus spongiosum urethra.—9. Dartos.—10.
Trunk of the pudic artery.—11 and 12. Inferior he-
morrhoidal  arteries. — 13.  Perineal  branch. — 14.
Deep artery of the penis.—15. Arteria transversalis
perinei.—16. Arteria dorsalis penis.—17.  Artery of
the  corpus cavernosum.
  Fig. 2. Internal pudic arteries  in a female.
  1. Gluteus maximus muscle.—2. Sphincter ani.—
3. Constrictor vagine.— 4. Meatus  urinarius. — 5.
Clitoris. — 6. Pudic artery. — 7 and 8.  Inferior he-
morrhoidal arteries.—9. Inferior, or perineal branch.
—10. Superior branch, or branch of the clitoris.—
11.  Dorsal  artery of the  clitoris.—12. Artery of the
corpus cavernosum. 
Pl. 68.
                  ANGEIOLOGY, Pl.  11.

  Fig. 1. Arteries op the thigh.
  1. Sartorius, cut.—2. Ring ofthe adductor magnus, through
which the femoral artery  passes.—3. Superficial  femoral ar-
tery.—4. Superficial epigastric.—5. Profunda.—o7, 5', 5'. Per-
forating arteries.—6. Internal circumflex artery.—7. External
circumflex.—8. Great, or superficial muscular artery.—9 and
10.  External pudic arteries.—11. The termination ofthe fem-
oral in the popliteal artery.

  Fig. 2. Popliteal artery, and the arteries on the pos-
terior PART OF THE LEG.
  1. Popliteal  artery. — 2  and 3.  Arteries which supply the
gastrocnemii, the muscles here cut, and their bellies removed.
—4 and  5. Superior  internal articular arteries.*—6. Superior
external articular artery.—7. Inferior internal articular artery.
—8. Inferior external articular  artery. — 9. Division of the
popliteal artery into, 10. Anterior tibial artery, and, 11. Per-
oneo-tibial artery.t—12.  Peroneal artery.—13. Posterior tibial
artery.

  Fig. 3. Sole of the foot.
  1. Posterior tibial artery.—2.  Internal plantar artery.—3.
External plantar.—4. Plantar arch.—5. Perforating artery.—
6. One of the collateral branches.—7. Division of a collateral
into two branches.—8. Anastomosis of one of those branches
with  a neighbouring branch, and, 9.  Division of  this anas-
tomosis  into two  digital branches.—10. Anastomosis of two
digital branches.—11. Termination of two digital branches in
the form of an arch,  and the arterial  plexus which results
from it..

  * The upper internal articular artery, indicated in this fig. by 4, is frequently
wanting.   Anatomists in general, even when this branch is present, describe
only one internal articular, viz., the vessel designated by fig. 5.
  t Anatomists frequently describe the popliteal artery as dividing, at its ter-
mination, into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries ; 12, the peroneal ar-
tery, being considered a branch of the posterior tibial. 
Pl. OH.
Fiv\ 2.
 
P1.69.
Pifi-3
/.,,,ril/,:,/i' 
Pl.  69.
            ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 12.
  Fig. 1. Scapular arteries.
  1. Levator angulae scapulae.—2. Rhomboideus.—3.
Supra-spinatusJ—4. Infra-spinatus.—5. Teres major
and latissimus  dorsi.—6.  Internal portion of the tri-
ceps extensor cubiti • the other two portions are re-
moved.— 7. Anconeus, cut.— 8. Posterior scapular
artery, the terminating branch of either the cervica-
lis superficialis, or of the transversalis colli.—9. Su-
pra-scapular artery, or transversalis humeri. — 10.
Posterior branch  of  the  sub-scapular artery.—11.
Posterior circumflex artery. —12.  Superior profun-
da.—13. Posterior interosseous artery. —14. Poste-
rior radial recurrent. —15. Branch to the posterior
muscles of the fore-arm, a division of the posterior
interosseous artery.
  Fig. 2.—1. The arteria interossea perforans, form-
ed by the arteria interossea media, which perforates
the interosseal ligament immediately above the pro-
nator quadratus, and which supplies the muscles on
the lower and back part of the fore-arm, and also the
back of the carpus.—2. Carpal portion of the radial
artery, passing beneath the extensor muscles  of the
thumb, and entering the first interosseous space.—
3. Arteries  of  the carpus. — 4. Collateral artery of
the first interosseous space, commonly called the ar-
tery of the metacarpus.—5.  Collateral artery of the
third interosseous space, communicating at its upper
extremity with, 6. A posterior perforating; at its low-
er extremity with, 7. An anterior perforating artery.
  Fig. 3. Anterior tibial  and  arteria dorsalis
PEDIS.
  1. A branch of the superior external articular ar-
tery.—2. Anterior tibial artery.—3. Anterior  tibial
recurrent artery. — 4.  External malleolar artery.—
5. Internal  malleolar.—6.  Tarsal artery.—7.  Meta-
tarsal artery.—8. Collateral  artery of the second in-
terosseous space. 
Pl.  70.
                    ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 13.

          •pig. 1.—1. Right auricle of the heart.—2.  Vena
        cava superior. — 3. Internal mammary vein of the
        right side. — 4.  Mediastinal vein.—5. Right subcla-
        vian vein.—6. Internal jugular.—7. External jugular.
        —8. Left subclavian vein.—9. Middle thyroid vein.
        —10. Left internal mammary vein.—11. Left inter-
        nal jugular.—12. External jugular.—13. Great left
        superior intercostal vein. —14 and 15. Branches of
        anastomoses between two intercostal veins.—16. Se-
        mi-azygos vein.—17. Vena'cava inferior. —18. He-
        patic veins. —19.  Common trunk of the spermatic
        veins.—20. Capsular vein. — 21. Renal vein. — 22.
        Branch of  communication between a branch of the
        renal vein  and the primitive iliac vein.—23 and 24.
        Lumbar veins.—25. Primitive iliac vein.—26. Exter-
        nal iliac vein.—27.  Internal iliac, or hypogastric vein.
        —-28 and 29. Lateral sacral veins.—30.  Middle sa-
        cral vein.
          Fig. 2. — 1.  Superior vena cava. — 2. Vena azy-
$r      gos. — 3. Great superior intercostal vein of the left
        side.—4 and 5.  Branches which supply the place of
        the vena semi-azygos.—6. Terminating branches of
        the vena azygos.—7. Vena cava abdominalis.—8, 9,
        and 10.  Intercostal veins, opening, the first into the
        vena azygos, the second into the great intercostal
        vein of the left side, and the third into the vein which
        supplies the place ofthe vena azygos.
          Fig. 3. A uterus, intended to show the sinuses of
        the uterus. 
Pl. 70.
f.m■;■//,■■ ,1,1 
P1.71.
fe
^

fjn,ni,:,i<i.
u:i..om,-h 
Pl. 71,
            ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 14.

superficial veins op the head and neck, subcla-
  vian VEINS, VENA CAVA SUPERIOR, &C. : THE THO-
  RAX IS OPENED.
  1. Pericardium, opened. — 2. Right auricle. — 3.
Portion of the vena cava superior, contained within
the pericardium.—4. Same vein without the pericar-
dium.—5. Vena azygos.—6.  Trunk of the internal
mammary vein ofthe right side.—7. Right subclavi-
an  vein.—8.  Internal jugular.—9.  Thyroid vein.—
10. Common trunk of the supra-scapular and pos-
terior scapular veins.—11.  Facial vein.—12.  Anas-
tomosis with the ophthalmic vein.—13. Frontal vein.
—14. Occipital vein.—15. Superficial temporal vein.
—16. Axillary vein.-—17. Cephalic vein. 
Pl.  72.
            ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 15.

  Fig. 1.  Superficial veins op the upper extrem-
ity.
  1.  Axillary vein.—-2. Cephalic vein.—3.  Superfi-
cial  radial vein.—4.- Median cephalic. — 5. Basilic
vein.—6.  Posterior  ulnar.—7.  Anterior ulnar.—8.
Median basilic.—9. Median vein.
  Fig. 2.—-1. Superficial radial vein.—-2. Cephalic
vein  of the thumb.—3. Posterior  ulnar.—4. Vena
salvatella.
  Fig. 3.  Veins at  the bend of the arm.
  1.  Opening made in the brachial aponeurosis, which
permits us to  see the brachial artery and its accom-
panying veins, and the median nerve situated on its
inner side.—2. Cephalic vein.—3. Superficial radial
vein.—4. Median cephalic.—5. Basilic vein.—6. Pos-
terior ulnar.—7. Anterior ulnar.—8. Median basilic.
—9.  Median vein. 
11.72.
Rg.l
Fi e".
 
P1.73.
 
Pl. 73.
            ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 16.

  Vena  portjE.
  1. Liver.— 2. Gall-bladder, continuous with the
cystic and  hepatic ducts, and  the ductus communis
choledochus.—3. Hepatic artery.—4.  Vena cava in-
ferior.—4', 4'. Pancreas divided at the point of union
of its head  with the body.—5, 5. The two lower por-
tions of the duodenum.—6, 6, 6, 6.  Convolutions of
the  small intestines.—7. Ccecum and ascending colon.
—8. Descending colon, sigmoid flexure, and com-
mencement ofthe  rectum. — 9. Spleen.—-10. Sto-
mach, turned over.—11, 11. Veins of the small intes-
tine.—12. Right colic vein.—13. Great mesenteric
vein.—14,  14.  Splenic vein.—15. Inferior mesente-
ric, opening into the splenic vein.—16. Inferior gastric
vein.—17. Superior gastric vein, opening into, 18. The
trunk of the vena portae.—19. Sinus ofthe vena por-
tae.—20.  Remains  of the  umbilical  vein.—21. Re-
mains of the ductus venosus, the vessel which in the
foetus forms a direct  communication  between the
umbilical vein and the vena cava inferior. 
Pl. 74.
            ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 17.

  Fig. 1.—1. Internal saphena vein.—2. Superficial
epigastric vein. — 3. Dorsal vein of the penis.—4.
Large branch of the saphena.
  Fig. 2.—1. Internal saphena on the internal side
of the leg.—2. Internal saphena on  the dorsum of
the foot.
  Fig. 3.  Venous arch resulting from the anastomo-
sis of the two saphenae.
  Fig. 4.—1. External saphena vein. — 2.  Internal
saphena. 
P1.74.
Ha. 3.
 
Pl. 75
Fig. 3
ns;.i.
Pig--'
 
PL 75.
            ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 18.

  Fig. 1. The posterior superficial spinal veins.
  1. A posterior costo-transverse ligament.—2.  An
external intercostal muscle.—3. A dorsal vein, anas-
tomosing with those which are above and below, and
with those of the opposite side, to form a net-work,
which extends the entire length of the vertebral col-
umn.
  Fig. 2. The anterior internal spinal veins.
  This is a view of the posterior surface of the body
of the vertebras.  The posterior half of the vertebral
canal is removed.
  1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  1. Anterior longitudinal sinuses.—2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2. Anterior transverse sinuses.—3, 3, 3.
External veins, communicating with the internal veins
of the vertebral canal.
  Fig. 3. Posterior  internal spinal  veins.
  The anterior half of the vertebral canal is removed.
  1, 1, 1, 1. 1, 1. Posterior longitudinal sinuses.—2.
2, 2, 2,  2, 2. Posterior transverse sinuses.—3, 3, 3.
Intercostal veins, communicating with the internal
veins  of the vertebral canal. 
Pl. 76.
            ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 19.

   Fig. 1. FcETAL  CIRCULATION.
   1. Fcetal surface of the placenta, where the rami-
fications  of the umbilical arteries and vein are seen,
covered by the envelopes of the foetus.—2.  Chorion.
—3. Amnion. — 4. Umbilical cord.—5. Separation
of the vessels of the cord, on entering the abdomen
at the umbilicus, into the two arteries and vein.—6.
Umbilical  vein. — 7.  Anastomosis of the umbilical
vein with the sinus ofthe vena portae.—8.. Trunk of
the vena portae.—9. Ductus venosus.—10. Anasto-
mosis of the ductus venosus with the vena cava infe-
rior.—11. Vena cava inferior above  the diaphragm.
—12. Right auricle ofthe heart.—13. Right ventri-
cle.—14. Ascending portion of the aorta.—15.  Vena
cava superior.—16. Pulmonary artery.—17. Branch
ofthe pulmonary artery, divided.—18. Ductus arte-
riosus.—19. Descending aorta.—20. Abdominal por-
tion ofthe  aorta.—21,21. Primitive iliac arteries.—
22, 22. Umbilical  arteries, which form in the foetus
a continuation of the internal iliacs.
   Fig. 2. Heart and principal blood-vessels.
   Right auricle opened.
   1. Vena  cava inferior.—2. Eustachian valve.—3.
Foramen of Botal, or foramen ovale, which forms a
communication in the foetus between the two auricles.
—4. Vena  cava superior.—5. Ventricles.—6.  Pul-
monary artery.—7. Ductus arteriosus.—8. Aorta.
   Fig. 3. Thymus gland. 
t'1.76.
Fig.l.
Fij?-2.
IK/.. Orn,*Av...; 
m. 77
Inc. i
 
Pl.  77.
             ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 20.

   Fig.-l. Sinuses of  the falx cerebri.
   1. Superior longitudinal sinus.—2. Inferior longi-
tudinal sinus. — 3. Straight sinus.—4. Vena Galeni.
—5. Torcular Herophili.

   Fig. 2. Sinuses at  the base of the cranium.
   1. Opening ofthe superior longitudinal sinus into
the torcular  Herophili. — 2.  Horizontal portion of
the lateral sinus.—3. Oblique portion.—4. Sinus of
the internal jugular vein, where the inferior petrosal
sinus opens into it.—5. Superior petrosal sinus.—6.
Cavernous sinus.—7. Transverse sinus. — 8. Coro-
nary sinus.

   Fig. 3. Torcular Herophili  opened from be-
hind.
   1. Superior longitudinal sinus.—2. Orifice of the
straight sinus.—3, 3. Orifices of the occipital sinus-
es.—4, 4. Lateral sinuses.
   Fig. 4. Parietal bone where the external table has
been removed to show the long sinuses, or venous
canals.

   Figs. 5 and 6.  Os brachii and ulna, sawn for the
same purpose.
   Fig. 7. Sinus of the vertebrae.
   Body of the vertebra is sawn transversely.
   1,1,1, 1. Longitudinal sinuses laid open.-—2. An-
terior transverse sinus, into which a sinus of the body
of the  vertebra opens. — 3. Posterior transverse si-
nus.— 4, 4. Lateral transverse sinuses.—5, 5. Ex-
ternal  veins  communicating  with the vertebral  si-
nuses. 
PL 78.
           ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 21,

  Fig. 1. .Lymphatic vessels of the foot.
  A great many take their origin on the dorsal sur-
face, and accompany the internal saphena vein.
  Fig. 2. Superficial lymphatic vessels of the
lower extremity, and lower  half of the  ab-
dominal  walls.
  1. Superficial lymphatic vessels of the lower ex-
tremity, which accompany the internal saphena vein.
—2. Inguinal lymphatic glands.—3. Lymphatic ves-
sels of the lower half of the abdominal walls. — 4.
Lymphatic vessels of the scrotum and penis.
  Fig. 3. Superficial lymphatic vessels of the
POSTERIOR PART OF THE LEG.
  They accompany the external  saphena vein  in
great numbers.
  Fig. 4. Superficial lymphatic vessels of the
UPPER PART OF THE THIGH, HIP, AND LOINS. 
I'I   /(">
 
I'l .7').
IW
 
PL 79.
            ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 22.

THE ANTERIOR DEEP LYMPHATIC  GLANDS, AND VES-
         SELS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY

  Fig. 1.—1. Anterior tibial vein.—2, 2. Deep lym-
phatic vessels.—3. Anterior tibial ganglion.—4.  Su-
perficial lymphatic vessels of the  thigh.
  Fig. 2. — 1. Femoral vein. — 2. Vena  profunda
femoris.—3. External  iliac vein.—4. Internal iliac,
or hypogastric vein.—5. Vena cava inferior, or ab-
dominal vena cava.—6, 6. Deep lymphatic vessels of
the thigh.—7. Deep inguinal ganglia.—8.  External
iliac lymphatic ganglia and vessels.—9. Internal iliac
lymphatic  ganglia  and vessels.—1Q. Lumbar lym-
phatic ganglia and vessels. 
Pl.  80.
            ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 23.

THE  POSTERIOR DEEP LYMPHATIC GANGLIA, AND VES-
         SELS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY.

  Fig. 1.-—1. Posterior tibial vein. — 2.  Peroneal
vein.—3. Popliteal vein.—4, 4. Posterior tibial lym-
phatic vessels.—5. Peroneal lymphatic vessel.—6, 6,
6. Popliteal lymphatic ganglia and vessels.
  Fig. 2. The superficial  muscles on the posterior
part  of the thigh and hip are removed.
  1,1. Popliteal lymphatic ganglia and vessels.—2,
2. Deep lymphatic  vessels.—-3.: Sciatic lymphatic
ganglia and vessels.—4. Gluteal lymphatic ganglia
and vessels. 
IN. 80
Fi„-.
71 
P1.81.
 
Pl. 81.
            ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 24.

 LYMPHATIC GANGLIA AND VESSELS OF THE ABDOM-
                   INAL VISCERA.

  1, 1.  Lymphatic vessels  of the small intestines',
called the lacteal or chyliferous vessels.—2, 2. Me-
senteric  ganglia.—3, 3. Lymphatic  vessels of the
large intestines.—4, 4. Mesocolic ganglia.-r-5. Com-
mon lacteal vessel opening into the thoracic duct.—
6. A lymphatic vessel ofthe spleen.—7. A lymphatic
vessel of the pancreas.—8, 8.  Lymphatic vessels of
the inferior surface of the liver. 
PL 82.
            ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 25.

LYMPHATIC VESSELS  OF THE THORACIC AND ABDOM-
                  INAL VISCERA.

  1. Lymphatic ganglia and  vessels of the lower
part of the trachea.—2. Heart and its lymphatic ves-
sels.—3, 3. Lungs and the superficial lymphatic ves-
sels. — 4.  Liver and lymphatic vessels of its upper
surface.—5. Stomach  and lymphatic vessels of its
upper surface.—6. Lumbar lymphatic ganglia and
vessels.—7. Uterus and its lymphatic vessels.—8, 8.
Ovaries, broad ligaments, and their lymphatic vessels. 
PI.82,
 
P1.83.
 
PL 83.
            ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 26.

               THORACIC  DUCT, &C

  1. Vena cava superior.—2. Vena azygos.—3. Tho-
racic duct.—4.  Part of the hypogastric plexus, com-
posed of vessels and ganglia.—5. External iliac plex-
us.—6.  Lumbar plexus.—7. Commencement of the
thoracic duct, generally called the receptaculum chyli,
or the reservoir of Pecquet.—8. Common centre of
the lacteals, opening into the thoracic duct.—9, 9. In-
tercostal lymphatic vessels.—10, 10. Deep lymphatic
vessels of the lungs.—11. Thoracic duct, opening into
the left  subclavian vein.—12. Great lymphatic vein,
opening into the right subclavian vein. 
PL 84.
            ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 27,

  Fig. 1. Superficial  lymphatic vessels of the
UPPER  EXTREMITY.
  1. One of the superficial veins of the fore-arm.—
2, 2. Superficial lymphatic vessels  of the fore-arm
and arm.—3. Lymphatic ganglia of the axilla.
  Fig. 2.  Deep lymphatic  vessels and ganglia
OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY.
  1,1,1. Deep veins of the fore-arm.—2. Lymphat-
ic vessels which accompany them. — 3. Lymphatic
ganglia at the bend of the arm.—4, 4. Brachial veins.
—5, 5. Lymphatic vessels which accompany them.—
6. One of the ganglia situated in the course of these
vessels.—7. Axillary ganglia. 
I'l.M.l.
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Pl. 85.
            ANGEIOLOGY, Pl. 28.

 LYMPHATIC VESSELS AND GANGLIA  OF THE AXILLA,
                HEAD, AND NECK.

  1. Primitive carotid artery.—2.  Internal jugular
vein.—3. External jugular vein.—4. Axillary artery.
—5. Axillary vein.—6. One  of the lymphatic vessels
of the thoracic parietes.—7. Lymphatic ganglia and
vessels of the  axilla.—8, 8, 8. Superficial lymphatic
vessels ofthe cranium.—9, 9, 9. Superficial lymphat-
ic vessels  ofthe face.-—10.  Parotid  ganglia. —11.
Submaxillary  ganglia.—12, 12. Lymphatic ganglia
of the neck. 
PL 86.
             NEUROLOGY, Pl. 1.

  Fig. 1.  Dura mater.  ;
  The cranium opened by a vertical and a horizon-
tal section.
  1. Falx cerebri, r—2. Superior longitudinal sinus.
—3. Inferior longitudinal sinus. — 4. Straight sinus.
—5. Confluence of the sinuses, the torcular Hero-
phili.—6.  Tentorium cerebelli.—7. Right side of the
small circumference, of the tentorium cerebelli. — 8.
Left side of the  same circumference. — 9. Termina-
tion of this circumference at the anterior clinoid pro-
cess.—10. Termination of the great circumference
at the posterior clinoid process.
  Fig. 2.  Dura mater.
  The tentorium cerebelli is removed on the right
side.
  1. Falx cerebri.—2. Superior longitudinal sinus,
opened. — 3. Torcular Herophili. — 4. Left side of
the tentorium cerebelli.—5. Falx cerebelli. 
P1.8(i
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Pl. 87.
             NEUROLOGY,  Pl. 2.

  Fig. 1. Brain (upper surface).
  1. Great fissure  of  the brain. — 2. Right  hemi-
sphere.—3. A simple convolution.—4. A compound
convolution.—5. A simple anfractuosity.—6. A com-
pound anfractuosity.

  Fig. 2. Cerebrum, cerebellum, nodus cerebri,
AND MEDULLA OBLONGATA.
  1. Commencement ofthe longitudinal fissure.—2.
Anterior lobe. — 3. Fissure of Sylvius.—4. Middle
lobe.—5. Commissure  of the  optic nerves.—6. Tu-
ber cinereum and infundibulum.—7. Corpora mam-
millaria.—8.  Crura cerebri, called the anterior pro-
longation of the nodus cerebri.—9. Nodus cerebri.—
10. Cerebellum.—11. Termination ofthe lobules of
the superior surface.—12. Lobulus nervi pneumo-
gastrici.—13. Lower vermiform  process.—14. Cor-
pus pyramidale.—15. Corpus olivare.—16. Corpus
restiforme.—17. Olfactory, nerve.—18. Optic nerve.
—19. Third pair of nerves, or motores oculorum.—
20. Fourth pair of nerves, or pathetici.—21. Fifth
pair, or trigemini.—22. Sixth  pair,  or abducentes.—
23. Seventh pair, composed of the facial and audi-
tory nerve, the seventh and eighth of modern anato-
mists.— 23'. Glosso-pharyngeal and pneumo-gastric
nerves.—24. Spinal accessory. — 25.  Hypo-glossal
nerve. 
PL 88.
             NEUROLOGY, Pl. 3.

   Fig. 1. Corpus callosum.
   The cerebrum is cut horizontally, on a level with
 the upper surface of the corpus callosum on the left
 side, a little below it on the right.
   1. The white or medullary substance is separated
 from the corpus  callosum and turned back.—2. Cen-
 trum ovale of Vieussens, formed by the upper surface
 of the corpus callosum, and by the mass of white
 substance in each hemisphere.—3. Corpus callosum.
 —4. Raphe of the corpus callosum, or longitudinal
 tracts.
  Fig. 2. Fornix, &c.
  The corpus callosum is removed.
  1. Reflected portion of the corpus callosum. — 2.
 Lamina of the septum lucidum, divided, forming the
fifth ventricle.—3.  Fornix.—3'. Foramen of Monro,
by which the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles
becomes continuous with that of the pia mater lining
the third ventricle.—4. Choroid plexus.—5.  Poste-
rior extremity of the corpus callosum. — 6. Digital
cavity.—7. Hippocampus minor.—8. Corpus stria-
tum.—9. Taenia  semicircularis.—10.  Thalamus ner-
vi optici. 
PI 8H
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P1.89
 
Pl.  89.
                  NEUROLOGY, Pl. 4.

  Fig. 1. Third and fifth ventricles.  Upper portion of
THE LATERAL VENTRICLES. UPPER SURFACE OF THE CEREBELLUM.
  1. The two lamina; ofthe septum lucidum, which enclose a
space, the fifth ventricle, or ventricle of Cuvier.—2. The pedi-
cles of the anterior pillar of the fornix, divided and turned
over.—3. Anterior commissure.—4. Commissura  mollis.—5.
Third ventricle.—6. Posterior commissure.—7. Pineal gland
and its pedicles.—8. Tubercula quadrigemina.—9. Corpus stri-
atum.—10. Lamina cornea of the taenia semicircularis.—11.
Taenia semicircularis.—12. Thalamus nervi optici.—13. Upper
surface of the cerebellum.—14. Superior vermiform process.

  Fig. 2. Vertical section of the brain in the median line.
  1. Corpus callosum.—2. Peduncle of the corpus callosum.—
3. Great convolution of the cerebrum,  overlapping the corpus
callosum, and forming  what is sometimes called the labium
corporis callosi.—4. Septum lucidum.—5.  Anterior commis-
sure.—6.  Fornix.—7. Foramen  of Monro.—8. Commissura
mollis.—9.  Thalamus nervi optici.—10. Pineal gland, and its
anterior and posterior prolongations.—11. Tubercula quadri-
gemina.—12. A deep anfractuosity, which separates the pos-
terior lobe from the middle.—13.  Valve of Vieussens.—14.
Linguetta laminosa.—15. Arbor vitae.—16. Fourth ventricle.—
17. Lamina at the base ofthe fourth ventricle.—18. Posterior
cord ofthe spinal marrow.—19. Antero-posterior fibres ofthe
anterior pyramids.—20. Nodus  cerebri.—21.  Cerebral pro-
longation of the nodus cerebri.—22. Aqueduct of Sylvius.—
23. Mammillary" eminence.—24. Tuber cinereum.—25. Pitui-
tary body and  infundibulum.—26.  Commissure of the optic
nerves.—27. Lamina which closes the third ventricle in front. 
PL  90.
                     NEUROLOGY, Pl. 5.

   Fig. 1. Cerebellum.
   The lobules of its upper surface are removed.
   1. Communication between the third and fourth ventricle.—2.
 Posterior  commissure.—3. Tubercula quadrigemina.—4. Process
 of the inferior tuberculum quadrigeminurn.—5. Processus a cere-
 bello  ad testes. — 6. Commissure of the valve of Vieussens. — 7.
 Fourth pair of nerves.—8. Valve of Vieussens.—9. Languetta lami-
 nosae, which covers it in part.—10. Central white substance of the
 cerebellum.—11.  Lobe of the circumference.

   Fig. 2. Cerebellum.
   The central white substance  is removed as far as  the corpus
 rhomboideum, and the ventricle is laid open.
   1. Processus a cerebello ad testes: the fibres of the two processes
 are seen to form  a commissure beneath the tubercula quadrigemi-
 na.—2. Valve of Vieussens divided, and its two laminse displayed.—
 3. Free extremity of the lower vermiform process in the fourth ven-
 tricle.—4.  Lobule of the medulla oblongata.—5. Corpus rhomboi-
 deum.—6.  Choroid plexus  of the fourth ventricle.—7. Interior of
 this ventricle.

   Fig. 3. View of the Ventricles.
   The parts are separated.
   1. Fifth ventricle.—2.  Anterior pillar of the fornix, divided into
 two pedicles : the fissure which these pedicles leave between  them
 is called the valve.—3. Anterior  commissure.—4. Infundibulum.—
 5. Third ventricle.—6. Aqueduct of Sylvius, or, as it is frequently
 named, the iter a tertio ad quartern ventriculum.—7. Fourth ventricle.
 —8.  Calamus scriptorius.

  Fig. 4. Anterior wall of  the fourth ventricle.
  1.  Roots  of the auditory nerve.—2. Lamina cornea of the fourth
 ventricle.—3. Mammillary projection which bounds this ventricle.

  Fig. 5. Posterior part of the  thalamus nervi optici and
 the  corpus callosum viewed in profile.
  1.  Tenia  semicircularis.—2.  Posterior extremity of the thalamus
nervi optici.—3. Corpus geniculatum externum.—4. Small white
cord arising from the thalamus.—5. Corpus geniculatum internum.
w   T.?b2;c!e sltu,ated m t.he neighbourhood of the corpora genicu-
lata.—7. Tubercula  quadngemina.-8. Fourth pair of  nerves.—9.
Crus cerebn.-10. Crus  cerebelli, cut.-11.  Corpus restiforme.-
12. Lateral  bundle of the isthmus.

.. Fif 6- Thefibres, ?f tb-e nodus cerebri are cut to show the con-
tinuity of the lateral fasciculus of the nodus cerebri with the fibres
of the spinal marrow.                                      '

  1. Corpus 01ivare.-2.  Lateral fasciculus of the nodus cerebri. 
P1..90
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PL  91.
                  NEUROLOGY, Pl. 6.

  Fig. 1. Transverse section of the cerebrum in front of
the anterior commissure.
  The anterior lobes are removed.
  1.  Commissure  of the  optic nerves. — 2.  Lamina  which
closes the third ventricle in front.—3. Anterior commissure,
traced into the substance of the corpus striatum.—4. Anterior
part of the fornix.—5. Remains  of the septum lucidum.—6.
Corpus callosum.—7. Space between the upper surface of the
corpus callosum and the reflected portion of the hemispheres.
—8. Choroid plexus.—9. Upper portion, and, 10. Lower por-
tion of the corpus striatum, separated by the crura cerebri.—
11. Continuity of the crus cerebri with the white substance
ofthe corresponding hemisphere ofthe cerebrum.—12. Fissure
of Sylvius.
  Fig. 2. Transverse section of the cerebrum on  a line
with the commissura mollis.
  The posterior part  of the brain is removed.
  1. Pituitary body.—2.  Infundibulum.—3. Mammillary emi-
nences.—4. Third ventricle.—5. Commissura mollis.—6. Fifth
ventricle.—7. Corpus callosum.—8. Lateral portion of the for-
nix.— 9. Choroid plexus. — 10. Thalamus  nervi optici. —  11.
Upper portion, and, 12. Lower portion of the corpus striatum.
—13.  Section of the crus cerebri and optic nerve.—14. Group
comprehending  the corpus fimbriatum, the cornu ammonis,
and the fascia dentata.
  Fig. 3. Transverse section of the cerebrum before the
ANTERIOR COMMISSURE.
  The posterior part  of the brain is removed.
  1. Reflected portion ofthe corpus callosum.—2. Fifth ven-
tricle.—3. Corpus callosum.—4. Continuity of the corpus cal-
losum with the crus cerebri, which divides the gray substance
of the corpus striatum into two portions.—5. White  central
portion of the hemisphere and its prolongations.

  Fig. 4. Vertical section  of the right lobe of the cere-
bellum, to show the ARBOR VITjE.
  1. White central spot, or trunk ofthe arbor vitae.—2.  Corpus
rhomboideum.—3,  3, 3. Branches and ramifications of the  ar-
bor vitae. 
Pl. 92.
             NEUROLOGY, Pl. 7.

  Fig. 1.  Brain studied fkom  below upward.
  The middle lobes of the cerebrum are removed.
  1. Olfactory nerve. — 2. Anterior perforated sub-
stance. — 3. White substance lying in  contact with
the lower part of the corpus striatum; below this is
found the  group of convolutions which correspond
to the cornu ammonis  and pes accessorius. — 4.
Group of convolutions which correspond to the low-
er portion of the corpus striatum. — 5, 5. Great an-
fractuosity which terminates them.—6.  Optic nerve.
—7. Crus cerebri.—8. Fasciculus traversing the no-
dus cerebri, and becoming continuous with the crus
cerebri.—9. Corpus pyramidale. — 10. Crossing of
these bodies.—11. Tuber cinereum, continuous above
with the commissure ofthe optic nerves.—12. Low-
er portion of the  corpus striatum.—13. Posterior
perforated substance. —14.  Origin of the fifth pair
of nerves.
  Fig. 2. Velum interpositum and choroid plexus.
  1. Velum interpositum.—2, 2. Choroid plexus of
the lateral ventricles. — 3, 3. Choroid plexus of the
inferior surface of the velum interpositum.—4. Pin-
eal gland.
  Fig. 3.  Corpus  callosum.—fornix.
  1. Corpus callosum.—2. Anterior commissure.—
3. Fornix.—4.  One of the divisions of the anterior
pillar. — 5.  Lyra. — 6. Posterior extremity ofthe
corpus callosum. — 7. Cornu ammonis, cut.—8. Di-
gital cavity.—9. Hippocampus minor. 
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PL 93.
             NEUROLOGY, Pl. 8.

  Fig. 1.  The  internal  part of the thalamus nervi
optici is scraped off and  removed.
  1. A fasciculus of increase from the  medulla ob-
longata, to become blended in the thalamus nervi op-
tici.—2. Crus cerebri.—3. Mammillary eminence, by
pursuing a curved direction, becoming continuous
with the thalamus nervi optici.—4. Pedicle of the
anterior pillar of the fornix, continuous with the mam-
millary  eminence. — 5.  Anterior commissure. — 6.
Corpus callosum.—7. Septum lucidum,  divided.—8.
Corpus striatum.—9.  Taenia semicircularis.—10. Up-
per part of the thalamus nervi optici. —11. Pineal
gland and its two prolongations. —12.  Tubercular
quadrigemina.—13. Valve of Vieussens.—14. Fourth
ventricle.
  Fig. 2.  Lateral ventricles op the cerebrum.
  1. Upper portion of a lateral ventricle. — 2. Pos-
terior portion, or digital cavity. — 3. Hippocampus
minor.—4. Lower portion. — 5.  Cornu  ammonis.—
6. Plexus choroides.—7. Corpus fimbriatum.
  Fig. 3.  Lower  surface of the cerebellum.
  1. Upper vermiform process. — 2. Lower vermi-
form process.—3.  Lobule of the medulla oblongata,
or  amygdala. — 4. Lobule  of the pneumo-gastric
nerve. — 5, 5. Other lobules. — 6, 6. Lobules of the
circumference.
  Fig. 4.  Medulla  oblongata turned upward.
  1,1. Auditory nerves.—2, 2. Lobules ofthe pneu-
mo-gastric nerves. — 3. Lower  vermiform  process.
—4, 4. Valves  of Tharin. 
PL  94.
                   NEUROLOGY, Pl. 9.

   1. Corpus callosum, turned aside.—2. White line, situated
 at the union of the corpus callosum with the radiating fibres
 of the crura cerebri, on the  outside of the corpora striata.—
 3, 3. Lamina of the septum lucidum, enclosing a fissure called
 the fifth ventricle.—4. Anterior commissure.—5. Pedicles of
 the fornix, cut.—6. Commissura mollis.—7. Third ventricle.—
 8. Pineal  gland,  turned aside to bring into view, 9. Its proper
 commissure.—10. The posterior commissure of the brain.—
 11. Tubercula quadrigemina, eminences named the nates and
 testes.—12. Prolongation of the superior tuberculum quad-
 rigeminum, cut,  passing beneath the white external layer of
 the thalamus nervi optici.  The upper portion of the thalamus
 nervi optici is  removed.—13. Tubercle, from which arise the
 fibres subjacent to the above-named prolongation.—14. White
 external lamina  of the thalamus  nervi  optici.—15.  Anterior
 pedicle  of the pineal gland.—16.  Taenia semicircularis.—17.
 Corpus striatum, the upper part of which  is cut  off and re-
 moved.—18. White fibres of the crus cerebri, traversing the
 corpus striatum.

  Fig. 2.  Inferior  and posterior portions of the lateral
 ventricles.
  1. Cornu ammonis, or pes Hippocampi. — 2. Its eminence.
 —3. Corpus fimbriatum.—4.  Hippocampus  minor  and digital
 cavity.

  Fig. 3.—1. Corpus fimbriatum, turned outward.—2. Fascia
 dentata.

  Fig. 4.  Nodus cerebri and medulla oblongata.
  1. Nodus cerebri.—2, 2. Crura  cerebri.—3, 3. Crura cere-
belli.—4. Fifth pair of nerves.—5.  Fibres of the nodus cerebri,
passing in  various directions.—6. Corpus pyramidale.—7. Cor-
pus olivare.—8. Processus arciformes.

  Fig. 5.  Nodus cerebri, the superficial fibres of which
ARE REMOVED.
  The deep white fibres are  seen intimately blended with the
gray substance, and forming  a sort of raphe.

  Fig. 6.—1. Crus cerebri, divided, and passing beneath the
thalamus  nervi optici.—2.  Posterior part of the thalamus
nervi optici, continuous with, 3.  The optic nerve.—4, 4, 4.
Radiating  crown of Reil.  The upper part of the corpus stri-
atum is removed. 
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PL  U,
                    NEUROLOGY, Pl. 10.

 maXow-™,??«" sdeface °p the nodus cerebri and spinal
 MARROW.—DURA MATER, LIGAMENTUM DENTICULATUM, &C

 nroceSe's mTn7?n¥&mentU? denticulatum.-3, 3,3. Tooth-like
 processes.—4. One of the spinal nerves.-5. Hypo-glossal nerve -
 Lfri? trU °{ the °ld anat°mists: glosso-pharyngeal pne^mo-
 g l  FiW>?tTni %ccef?sory-7. Seventh pair "facial and'auditory.
 -8. Fifth pair-9. Sixth pair.-lO. Third pair.—11. Bundle of lower
 Cm^rn'f'f^1111^ *? C3Uda e^™-1™- Lumbar, or lowerT
 hrgement  ofthe  spinal marrow.-13. Middle, or cervical enlarge-
 ™T Ifi  fPf' °\ ?CC1Pltal enla^ment.-15. Anterior median
 groove.-16  Anterolateral groove.-17.  Corpus olivare.-18. Cor-
 pus pyramidale.—19. Nodus cerebri.—20. Crura cerebri.
   Fig. 2. Spinal marrow on a larger scale.
   1. Dura  mater.—2. Ligamentum denticulatum.—3. Anterior root
 of a spinal perve, divided.—4. Anterior root.—5. Posterior root and
 ganglion.—6. Anterior groove.—7. Antero-lateral groove.
   Fig. 3. Posterior surface of the spinal marrow, &c.
   1. Posterior furrow.—2.  Calamus  scriptorius.—3. Posterior col-
 umn of the spinal marrow.—4. Division of the posterior column by
 a groove.—5. Mammillary enlargements of the posterior column.—
 6. Corpus restiforme.
   Fig. 4. Structure of the medulla oblongata.
   1. Anterior pillar of the spinal marrow, divided into two portions,
 which surround the corpus olivare, and which reunite beyond it.__
 2. Lateral column, divided  into two portions, one of which passes
 behind the  corpus olivare, the other passes behind the anterior col-
 umn to interlace with a similar portion of the opposite side.—3. In-
 terlacement.—4.  Posterior fibres coming to the corpus olivare from
 the anterior and lateral pillars.—5,5. Corpora pyramidaha, resulting
 from the crossing of fibres, and from fibres from the  anterior pillars.
 —6, 6. Fasciculi formed by the union of the anterior and posterior
 columns of the spinal marrow,  continuous with, 7, 7. The crura
 cerebri.
  Fig. 5. Vertical section of the  corpora olivaria.
  1.  Outer layer of the corpus olivare.—2. Corpus dentatum.—3.
 Central nucleus.
  Fig. 6.  Vertical section of the nodus cerebri and medulla
 oblongata.
  1.  Longitudinal fibres, separated from each other in the substance
 of the nodus cerebri.—2. White cord, which seems to proceed from
 the corpus olivare.—3. Black substance of the crus cerebri.
  Fig. 7,  8,  9. Sections  of the spinal marrow below the me-
dulla oblongata.
  Fig. 10. Section on a level with the decussation.
  Fig. 11. Section of  the  middle  part of  the medulla ob-
longata.
  Fig. 12. Section at the union of nodus cerebri and medul-
la oblongata. 
PL 96.
             NEUROLOGY,  Pl. 11.

       cervical  plexus, superficial portion.

  1. Temporal branch  of the fifth pair.—2. Poste-
rior branch of the second cervical nerve.—3. Inferior
branch of the facial nerve.—4. Auricular branch of
the cervical  plexus.—5. Great mastoid branch.—6.
Small mastoid branch.—7. Other posterior recurrent
branches. — 8.  Spinal accessory nerve. — 9. Supra-
acromial branch.—10. Supra-clavicular branch.—11.
Middle  cervical branch. — 12.  Superficialis colli.—
13. Anastomoses  of the cervical plexus with the fa-
cial nerve. 
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PL 97.
             NEUROLOGY, Pl. 12.

DEEP  PORTION OP THE  CERVICAL PLEXUS, AND THE
                BRACHIAL PLEXUS.
  The thorax is laid open on the right side.
  1. Facial nerve.—2. Pneumo-gastric nerve.—3. In-
ternal carotid artery.—4. Spinal accessory nerve.—
5. Anastomoses  of the  spinal accessory nerve with
the cervical plexus.—6. Hypo-glossal nerve, dividing
into the hypo-glossal nerve proper and the descen-
dens  duodecimi. — 7. Anterior  branch  of the first
cervical nerve, anastomosing  with the  hypo-glossal
nerve and with the pneumo-gastric.—8. Descending
cervical branch of the cervical plexus, anastomosing
with the corresponding branch of the hypo-glossal.—
9. Phrenic nerve. —10, 10. Deep  cervical branches
of the cervical plexus. — 11. Brachial plexus. — 12.
Branch to the subclavius muscle, sending a filament
to the phrenic nerve.—13. Anterior thoracic branch-
es.—14. Lateral thoracic branch,  or the branch of
the serratus magnus. —15, 16, and 17.  Subscapular
branches going to the subscapularis, latissimus dorsi,
and teres major muscles. — 18. Axillary artery, sur-
rounded by a sort of sheath formed by  branches go-
ing to the arm.—19. Brachial branches. 
Pl. 98.
             NEUROLOGY, Pl. 13.

   Fig. 1. Superficial nerves  of the upper ex-
tremity.
   1. Basilic vein.—2.  Cephalic vein.—3. Cutaneous
branch of the radial nerve. — 4.  Superficial portion
of the musculo-cutaneous nerve.—-5, 5.  Divisions of
this nerve.—6. Internal cutaneous nerve.—7. Exter-
nal branch of the same nerve. — 8. Internal branch.
— 9.  Accessory branch  of the  internal  cutaneous
nerve.—10.  Cutaneous branch of the median nerve.
—11.  One of the  collateral branches  of the median
nerve.
   Fig. 2.—1, 1. Cutaneous filaments  of the circum-
flex nerve.—2,  2. Cutaneous  branches of the radial.
—3, 3. Branches of the internal cutaneous nerve.—
4, 4. Branches of  the external cutaneous nerve.—5.
Inosculation of this nerve with the radial.—6.  Dor-
sal branch of the ulnar nerve,  dividing into two col-
lateral branches, one for the ulnar border of the lit-
tle finger, the other for the last two interosseous spa-
ces.—7. Anterior branch  of the radial nerve, having
reached the dorsal  surface, dividing into two branch-
es, one for the external border of the thumb, the oth-
er for the first two interosseous spaces.—8.  Inoscu-
lation between  the radial  and  ulnar nerves.—9. Di-
vision of one ofthe collateral branches into two  digi-
tal twigs. 
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'   A 
Pl. 99.
            NEUROLOGY, Pl. 14.

     deep  nerves of the upper extremity.

  The flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, and flex-
or digitorum sublimis are cut through.
  Fig. 1.—1.  Brachial artery.—2.  Radial artery.—
3. Ulnar artery. — 4.  Musculo-cutaneous nerve.— 5.
Median nerve. — 6. Branch to the deep muscles on
the  anterior surface  of the fore-arm, or the interos-
seous nerve.—7. Cutaneous palmar branch;—8. Di-
vision of the median nerve into two branches, which
in their turn subdivide.—9. Ulnar nerve.—10. Divis-
ion  of the palmar branch of the ulnar nerve into, 11.
Superficial palmar branch,  and into, 12. Deep pal-
mar branch. —13. Radial nerve, and its subdivision
into,  14. Anterior branch,  and into, 15. Posterior
branch.
  Fig. 2.  Radial  nerve.
  The triceps extensor cubiti  and the  superficial
muscles on the dorsal surface of the fore-arm are di-
vided.
  1. Radial nerve. — 2. Posterior branch ofthe ra-
dial nerve, dividing into superficial and deep branch-
es. 
Pl.  100.
                 NEUROLOGY, Pl. 15.
  Fig. 1. Facial nerve after it has emerged from the aque-
duct of Fallopius, &c.
  1.  Posterior branch  of the  second cervical nerve.—2, 2.
Mastoid branches of the cervical plexus. —3. Trunk of the
cervical plexus, giving  origin to one of the mastoid branches
of the cervical plexus, to the  auricular, and  middle  cervical
branch.—4. Malar filament ofthe orbital branch ofthe superior
maxillary nerve.—5. Infra-orbital  nerves.—6. Frontal branch
ofthe fifth pair.—7. Twig from the lachrymal branch.—8. Buc-
cal branch ofthe inferior maxillary nerve.—9.  Superficial tem-
poral branch of the same nerve.—10. Mental branch of the
dental nerve.—11. Hypo-glossal nerve.—12. Trunk ofthe fa-
cial nerve,  giving ofF the posterior auricular twig, a twig to
the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, and the stylo-hyoid
twig, and then dividing into temporal, orbital, nasal, buccal,
inferior maxillary, and  cervical twigs.
  Fig. 2. Facial  nerve in the aqueduct of  Fallopius.
Meckel's ganglion, otic ganglion,  ganglion  of Andersh,
&c, &c
  1.  Fifth pair.—2. Spheno-palatine,  or Meckel's  ganglion.—
3. Vidian branch of this ganglion, and its division into a crani-
al filament, which inosculates  with the facial nerve, and into
a carotid filament, which inosculates with the sympathetic on
the walls of the internal carotid artery.—4. Lingual branch of
the fifth pair,  receiving the  inosculating twig given off from
the facial when lodged in the aqueduct of Fallopius, and called
the corda tympani.—5. Otic ganglion and its twig, by means
of which it communicates  with Jacobson's nerve and with
the facial.—6. Facial nerve, and  the twig which it receives
from the auditory nerve.—7. Twig of communication with the
facial. — 8. Origin of the chorda  tympani. — 9. Inosculation
with the glosso-pharyngeal.—10. Inosculation with the pneu-
mo-gastric.—11. Glosso-pharyngeal nerve, and  its slight en-
largement,  known by the name of the ganglion of Andersh,
from which the nerve of Jacobson ascends into the tympanum.
—12. Ascending branches of the superior cervical ganglion,
inosculating with and  constituting the carotid  plexus, from
which proceed a filament which inosculates with the Vidian
nerve, and another filament which inosculates with Jacobson's
nerve.
   Fig. 3. Auditory nerve.
   The lamina of bone which conceals the labyrinth is removed.
   1. Facial nerve, and its inosculation with  the  cranial  fila-
ment of the Vidian.—2.  Chorda tympani, between the incus
and the handle ofthe malleus.—3.  Auditory nerve.—4. Branch
to the cochlea.—5.  Branch to  the vestibule and semicircular
canals.                 ------- 
'1.100.
Fiu;.J.
Fie;..'..
 
ri.ioi
 
Pl. 101.
             NEUROLOGY,  Pl. 16.

  Intercostal Nerves.  The pectoralis major and
minor muscles are removed.  The obliquus externus
and rectus abdominis  are divided, and removed in
some places.
  1. Axillary vein: the artery is removed.—2. Por-
tion of the brachial plexus and two thoracic branch-
es.—3. Brachial twig of the first intercostal nerve.—
4. Brachial twig of the second intercostal nerve.—5.
Inosculation between two branches.—6. Division of
an intercostal branch into, 7. A superficial branch,
and, 8. A deep branch.—9. Gluteal branch of the
twelfth intercostal nerve. — 10. Termination of the
ilio-scrotal branch of the lumbar plexus.—11. Ingui-
no-cutaneous branch.—12. Twig of the genito-crural
branch. —13, 13. Portions of the  deep nerves after
they have become superficial. 
Pl. 102.
             NEUROLOGY, Pl. 17.

NERVES SITUATED ON THE POSTERIOR PART OF THE
                     TRUNK.

  Portions of the trapezius, splenius, complexus, tra-
chelo-mastoideus, latissimus dorsi, and gluteus max-
imus muscles, &c, &c, are removed.
  1,1,1.  Posterior twigs of the superficial branches
of the intercostal nerves.—2. Posterior branch of the
first cervical nerve,  or sub-occipital. — 3. Posterior
branch of the second cervical nerve.—4. Inoscula-
tion of this branch with the great mastoid branch.—
5, 5. Posterior branches of two  cervical nerves. —
6. Intercostal branch.—7. External twig of a dorsal
branch. — 8. Internal twig of a dorsal branch. — 9.
Posterior  branch of  a lumbar nerve.—10. Posterior
branch of a sacral nerve. 
P1.102
 
LM.L03
Fig 2.
Jig.l.
 
Pl. 103.
             NEUROLOGY, Pl. 18.

  Fig. 1. Lumbar plexus.
  1. Twelfth intercostal nerve.—2. Lumbar portion
of the great sympathetic. — 3.  Sacral plexus. — 4.
Lumbar  plexus.—5. Ilio-scrotal branch.—6. Ingui-
no-cutaneous branch.—7. Genito-crural branch.—8.
Anterior crural nerve. — 9. Obturator nerve.—10.
Lumbo-sacral nerve.
  Fig. 2. Anterior crural nerve  and its bran-
ches.
  1. Femoral vein.—2. Femoral artery.—3. Anterior
crural nerve. — 4. Musculo-cutaneous  branch. — 5.
Branch to the sheath of the vessels. — 6, 6. Internal
saphena vein.—7, 7, 7. Saphenous nerve.—8. Inner
division of the musculo-cutaneous branch of the ex-
ternal popliteal trunk. 
PL  104.
             NEUROLOGY, Pl. 19.

  Fig. 1.  The gluteus maximus is divided at its
lower portion.
  1. External saphena vein. — 2.  Posterior cutane-
ous branch.—3. External saphenous nerve.—4. In-
osculation  of the external saphenous  nerve with a
twig of the external popliteal trunk.
  Fig. 2.— 1.  Anterior tibial artery. — 2. External
popliteal nerve, and its  division into, 3, 3.  Musculo-
cutaneous branch, and into, 4. Anterior tibial nerve.
—5. Division of  the musculo-cutaneous branch into
two superficial dorsal branches of the foot, one for
the inner  border of the great toe, the other for the
two middle interosseous spaces.—6. Division of the
anterior tibial nerve into two deep dorsal branches.
—7. Termination of the external saphenous nerve.
  Fig. 3.  Plantar nerves.
  The adductor pollicis and flexor brevis digitorum
muscles are divided.
  1. Posterior tibial  nerve, and its division into,  2.
Internal plantar nerve, and into, 3. External plantar
nerve. —  4. Division of the internal  plantar nerve
into four collateral branches.—5.  Division ofthe ex-
ternal plantar  nerve  into  a  superficial and into a
deep branch. 
P1.I0.I
 
pi.ior>.
Fig;, i.
FiK. s
 
PL 105,
             NEUROLOGY, Pl. 20.

  Fig. 1.  Sacral  plexus-.
  The pelvis and vertebral column are divided at
the median line.   The pelvic viscera are divided and
drawn down.
  1. Branch ofthe anterior crural nerve.—2. Obtu-
rator nerve.—3.  One  of the sacral ganglia inoscula-
ting with  one of the sacral nerves.—4. Lumbosa-
cral nerve.—5. Sacral plexus, and,  6. Its numerous
branches. — 7. Pudic nerve. — 8/ Upper branch of
the pudic  nerve.—9. Lower branch.
  Fig. 2.  Sciatic nerve.
  The gluteus  maximus  and  medius, the  biceps,
gastrocnemii, and  soleus  are  divided, and  in  part
turned aside.
  1. Upper gluteal nerve.—2. Inferior gluteal nerve.
—3. Sciatic twig.—4. Cutaneous nerve.—5. Pudic
nerve. — 6. Sciatic nerve. — 7. External popliteal
nerve.—8. Internal popliteal nerve.
  Fig. 3.  The soleus muscle is removed.
  1. External saphenous  nerve, divided.—2. Poste-
rior tibial nerve. 
Pl. 106.
             NEUROLOGY, Pl. 21.

  Fig. 1. Brachial plexus.
  1 and 2. Fifth and sixth cervical nerves (anterior
branches).—3. Cord resulting from their inosculation,
and dividing into, 4. Musculo-cutaneous, or external
cutaneous nerve, and into, 5. Median twig.1—6. Eighth
cervical,  and, 7.  First dorsal nerve.—8. Cord result-
ing from their inosculation, dividing into, 9. Median
twig; into, 10. Ulnar nerve, and sometimes into, 11.
Internal cutaneous nerve.—12. Accessory nerve of
the internal cutaneous. — 13. Median nerve. — 14.
Seventh  cervical nerve, lying between the other di-
visions of the brachial plexus, and assisting in its for-
mation.—15. Lateral thoracic branch. —16.  Radial
nerve.
  Fig. 2. — 1. Trapezius muscle, turned over. — 2.
Rhomboideus. — 3. Spinal accessory nerve. — 4, 4.
Deep cervical branches of the cervical plexus and
of the brachial plexus.—5. Supra-scapular nerve.—
6. Circumflex nerve.
  Fig. 3. — 1, 1. Palmar digital nerves of a finger.
— 2, 2. Nervous arches formed by the inosculation
of two digital nerves.
  Fig. 4.—1, 1.  Dorsal digital nerves of a finger.—
2,2. Dorsal branches furnished by the palmar  nerves.
  Fig. 5.—1. Palmar nerve. — 2.  Dorsal branch of
a palmar nerve.—3. Dorsal nerve, inosculating with
the dorsal branch of the palmar nerve. — 4. Ungual
twig of the palmar nerve. 
I'l.IOO.
Pip.
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PL 107.
                  NEUROLOGY, Pl. 22.
  Fig. 1. Ophthalmic branch of the fifth pair.
  1. Skin of the forehead, turned down.—2. Optic nerve.—3.
Third pair of nerves.—4. Fourth  pair, or pathetici.—5. Oph-
thalmic branch.—6. Lachrymal twig.—7. Inosculation of the
fourth pair with the lachrymal branch.—8. Frontal nerve.—9.
Nasal nerve.—10. Internal filament ofthe nasal nerve.

  Fig. 2.  Superior maxillary branch of the fifth pair,
&c, «&c.
  1. Lachrymal twig  of the  ophthalmic branch.—2. Orbital
twig of the superior maxillary branch.—3. Ganglion of Meck-
el, or spheno-palatine ganglion, receiving,  from above, two
filaments from the maxillary  nerve ;  giving off, below, the
palatine nerves ;  behind, the Vidian, or pterygoid.—4. Cranial
filament of the Vidian  nerve.—5. Carotid filament of the same
nerve.—6. Posterior dental branches.—7. Twig to supply the
gums.—8. Anterior dental twig.—9. Inosculation of the den-
tal nerves and the net-work which results.—10. Division of the
superior maxillary branch into the infra-orbital nerves.—11.
External branches of the inferior maxillary branch of the fifth
pair. —12. Superficial temporal nerve. —13. Inferior  dental
nerve, cut.—14. Lingual nerve, and its inosculation  with the
corda tympani. —14'.  Sub-maxillary ganglion. —15. Glosso-
pharyngeal nerve.—15'. Spinal accessory nerve.—16. Pneumo-
gastric nerve.—17. Hypo-glossal nerve.—18. Internal carotid
artery.

  Fig. 3. Inferior maxillary branch of the fifth pair.
  1. Inferior branch in the foramen ovale.—2. Temporal nerve.
—3. Branch passing to the external pterygoid muscle.—4.
Buccal nerve.—5. Masseteric nerve.—6. Superficial temporal
nerve, and its inosculations with the facial nerve.—7. Dental
nerve.—8. Mental branch.—9. Lingual nerve,- and its inoscu-
lation with the chorda  tympani.—10. Internal pterygoid nerve. 
Pl. 108.
                  NEUROLOGY, Pl. 23.

  Fig. 1.  Passage of the cranial nerves through the fo-
ramina at the base of the cranium.
  1. Tentorium cerebelli.—2. Nervous twig of the tentorium
cerebelli.—3. Internal carotid artery.—4. Pituitary body and
infundibulum. — 5.  Bulb ofthe  olfactory nerve. — 6. Optic
nerve, or  second pair.—7. The third pair, or motores oculo-
rum.—8. Pathetici, or fourth pair.—9. Trifacial,  or fifth pair.
—10. Abducentes, or sixth pair.—11.  Facial nerve, or portio
dura ofthe seventh pair.—12. Auditory nerve, or portio mollis
ofthe seventh pair.—13. Glosso-pharyngeal nerve,  or  first di-
vision  of the eighth pair.—14. Nervus vagus, or pneumo-gas-
tric, or second division of the eighth pair.—15. Spinal acces-
sory, or nervous accessorius of Willis, or third division of the
eighth pair.*—16. Hypo-glossal, or ninth pair.—17. Vertebral
artery.—18. Occipital foramen, or foramen magnum.

  Fig. 2.  Nerves of the eye.
  The roof of the orbit is removed.
  1. Outer wall  of the orbit.—2. Crista galli.—3. Foramina of
the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone.—4. Optic nerve.—
5. Internal carotid artery.—6. Third pair of nerves.—7. Upper
branch of this nerve.—8. Inferior branch of the same nerve.—
9. Lenticular ganglion, which receives, from behind, two roots,
and which gives off, before, the ciliary nerves.—10.  Ciliary
nerves, which are seen on the choroid, the upper portion  of
the sclerotic being removed.—11. The  fifth pair of nerves.—
12.  Ophthalmic branch.—13. Nasal branch of the ophthalmic.
—14. Two ciliary nerves, coming from the nasal branch.—15.
Division of  the  nasal branch.—16, 16.  Sixth pair of nerves;
the external rectus is drawn in a  direction outward  by  a hook.

  Fig. 3.  Third and sixth pair of nerves.
  The eye is reflected forward.
  1. Third pair of nerves.—2. Upper branch of this nerve, re-
ceiving an inosculating twig from the  sixth pair.—3.  Inferior
branch of the same nerve, and its division into three branches.
—4. Twig of the inferior branch  going to the inferior  oblique
muscle of the eye.—5. Sixth pair of nerves.

  * As modern anatomists, with much propriety, consider  the sev-
enth pair of  Willis as constituting two pairs, and the eighth of the
same anatomist as forming three pairs, the cerebral nerves  are now
described as  constituting twelve instead of nine pairs.  The portio
dura the seventh, the portio mollis the eighth, the glosso-pharyngeal
the ninth, the pneumo-gastric the tenth, the spinal  accessory the
eleventh, and the hyo-glossal the twelfth. 
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PL  109.
                   NEUROLOGY, Pl. 24.

 olfactory nerve,   trigeminus, inferior maxillary branch.
                    laryngeal nerves.
   Fig. 1. Olfactory nerve, naso-palatine nerve, &c.
   1. Divisions of this nerve on the septum ofthe nasal fossae.
 —2. Internal filament of the nasal branch of the ophthalmic.
 —3. Naso-palatme nerve.—4. Other branch ofthe septum.

   Fig. 2. Inferior maxillary nerve viewed from without.
   The zygomatic arch is removed.
   1. Masseteric branch.—2,2. Buccal branch.—3. Divisions of
 this branch on the external surface of the buccinator muscle.
 —3'. Branch to the external pterygoid muscle.—4. Deep tem-
 poral branches.—5.  Superficial temporal branch, anastomosing
 with the facial nerve.—6.  Facial nerve.—7. Inferior  dental
 branch.

   Fig. 3. Lenticular ganglion.  Fifth pair of nerves view-
 ed from within.  Otic ganglion.
   1. External  divisions of the olfactory nerve.—2. Fifth pair
 of nerves, its ganglion, and  its division into three branches.—
 3. External filament of the  nasal branch of the ophthalmic—
 4. Spheno-palatine  ganglion, or  the ganglion of Meckel. —
 5, 5, 5. Nasal  ramifications of the  spheno-palatine and pala-
 tine nerves.—6.  Palatine nerves.—7. Lingual branch of the
 fifth, and its inosculation with the chorda tympani.—8. Inferior
 dental  nerve and its inosculating filament.—9. Superficial tem-
 poral branch.—10. Pterygoid branch of the inferior maxillary
 nerve.—11. Otic ganglion.—12. Filament  from this ganglion,
 which goes to  the Eustachian tube, and to the mucous  mem-
 brane of the nasal fossae.—13. Petrosal branch, inosculating
 with the Vidian.—14. Filament of the internal muscle of the
malleus.—15. Filament distributed to the coats ofthe internal
maxillary artery, and which inosculates with the superficial
temporal nerve. —16. Facial nerve. — 17. Chorda tympani,
passing between the handle  of  the malleus  and the lower
branch of the incus.

  Fig.  4.—1. Superior laryngeal nerve.—2. Inferior laryngeal
nerve,  or recurrent.—3. Inosculation ofthe two laryngeal
nerves. 
Pl.  110.
                 NEUROLOGY,  Pl. 25.

  Eighth pair of nerves  of Willis, which includes the
glosso-pharyngeal, pneumo-gastric, and spinal accessory,
or the ninth, tenth, and eleventh pairs of the modern ar-
rangement.
  The chest  is opened, the stomach and the right lung are
drawn forward, the internal jugular vein is removed, and the
foramen lacerum jugulare is opened from without.
  1. Larynx.—2. Thyroid body.—3. Trachea.—4. Arteria in-
nominata, dividing into the right subclavian, which is cut, and
into the right primitive carotid, which  divides into external
and internal carotid.—5. Right lung.—6. Stomach.—7. Solar
plexus.—8. Glosso-pharyngeal  nerve, ganglion of Andersh,
Jacobson's  nerve, and the inosculating twig with the facial
nerve.—9. Various other filaments of the glosso-pharyngeal
and lingual filaments.—10. Lingual  branch of the fifth pair.—
11.  Hypoglossal nerve.—12. Spinal  accessory nerve.—13. Di-
vision of this nerve into a muscular branch, and the nervus
accessorius ad par vagum.—14. Nervus vagus, or pneumo-
gastric nerve. —15. Pharyngeal twig, uniting with the  fila-
ments of the glosso-pharyngeal and  great sympathetic to form
the pharyngeal plexus.—16. Superior laryngeal twig,  divided
into external and internal  laryngeal. —17,  17, 17.  Cardiac
branches.—18. Origin of the inferior laryngeal, or recurrent
nerve : it passes behind the right subclavian artery,  on the
right side, and on the left behind the arch of the aorta, and re-
appears at  the lower part of the neck.—19.  Lower  cervical
ganglion ofthe sympathetic nerve, with its numerous branches.
—20. Tracheal twigs ofthe pneumo-gastric.—21. Pulmonary
plexus, formed by twigs of the pneumo-gastric, recurrent,
and  great  sympathetic. — 22. Oesophageal branches. — 23.
Pneumo-gastric of the right side,  terminating in the solar
plexus.—24. Pneumo-gastric of the left side,  expanding  into
numerous branches on the anterior surface of the stomach,
and giving  off some branches to the solar plexus.—25. Solar
plexus. 
1*1.110.
 
1*1.111.
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  ■ -1

'i%*H Ji\ > --^>
 ~~~ --il- a"^S\ % A~ //Vl\
////. (l,i,,,Av. .,,-. 
Pl.  Ill,
                  NEUROLOGY, Pl. 26.
   Fig. 1. Great sympathetic,  superior portion.—Cardiac
 nerves and plexus.
   The pericardium is laid open.
   1. Superior cervical ganglion.—2, 2. Twigs of this ganglion,
 which inosculate with the spinal accessory.—3, 3. Inoscula-
 tions with two of the cervical nerves.—4. Inosculation with
 the pneumo-gastric nerve—5. Upper branches ofthe superior
 cervical ganglion.—6.  Inosculation with Jacobson's  nerve —
 7  Inosculation with the otic ganglion.—8. Inosculation with
 the sixth pair of nerves.—9. Inosculation with  the Vidian
 ™rVie'.—10' SPhen°-Palatine ganglion,  or  the ganglion of
 Meckel, giving off  the  Vidian nerve posteriorly;  superiorly,
 two branches, which inosculate with the superior maxillary
 nerve, and inferiorly, two inferior branches (palatine nerves).
 —11. Pharyngeal and carotid branches.—12.  Glosso-pharyn-
 geal nerve.—13. Pharyngeal plexus.—14. Lingual nerve of the
 fifth pair.—15. Hypo-glossal nerve.—16. Carotid branches.—
 17. Superior cardiac nerve.—18.  One ofthe cardiac branches
 of the pneumo-gastric nerve.—19. Middle cervical ganglion.—
 20. Superior branches of this ganglion:  one is continuous with
 the superior cervical ganglion, two others inosculate  with the
 cervical nerves.—21. Middle cardiac nerve, re-enforced by a
 very thick twig, arising from the twig  of communication be-
 tween these two ganglia.—22. Inosculation of this  nerve with
 the inferior laryngeal  of the pneumo-gastric. — 23. Inferior
 cervical ganglion.—24.  Inosculation with the nerves of the
 brachial plexus.—25. Branches which enter the canal of the
 vertebral  artery.—26. Branches which inosculate with the
 middle cervical ganglion, some passing before, others behind
 the subclavian artery.—27. Inferior cardiac nerve.—28. Inos-
 culation of the pneumo-gastric with the cardiac nerves.—29.
 Cardiac nerves in front of the aorta.—30. Cardiac  nerves be-
 tween the aorta and pulmonary artery.—31. Cardiac nerves
 between the pulmonary artery and trachea.—32. Tracheal
 branches of the pneumo-gastric, and their inosculations with
 the cardiac nerves.—33. Anterior cardiac plexus.—34.  Pos-
terior cardiac plexus. — 35, 35.  Two thoracic ganglia.—36.
Aortic branches of two ganglia.—37. Inosculation of a  thoracic
ganglion with  one of  the  intercostal  nerves. — 38. Great
splanchnic nerve. 
Pl.  112.
             NEUROLOGY,  Pl. 27.

GREAT SYMPATHETIC, INFERIOR PORTION.--THORACIC,
 LUMBAR, AND SACRAL GANGLIA, SOLAR PLEXUS, &C.
  1, 1, 1.  Three thoracic ganglia and their inoscula-
tions with the intercostal nerve.—2, 2. Aortic branch-
es.—3, 3.  Branches of the pulmonary plexus, belong-
ing to the right pneumo-gastric nerve, cut.—4. Great
splanchnic nerve.—-5. Small splanchnic nerve.—6, 6.
Solar plexus.—1. Semilunar ganglion  of the right
side.—8.  Pneumo-gastric nerve of the right  side.—
9. Pneumo-gastric of the left side, giving numerous
branches to the anterior surface of the stomach.—10.
Supra-renal plexus.—11. Renal plexus.—12.  Nerves
distributed to a  portion of intestine. — 13. Aortic
plexus.—14.  Spermatic plexus.—15, 15.  Two lum-
bar  ganglia ; their inosculations with the  lumbar
nerves and with the aortic plexus shown.—16, 16.
Two sacral ganglia: these sacral ganglia inosculate
with  each other, and  with filaments of the sacral
nerves, from which inosculation plexuses arise, which
accompany the arteries of the pelvis.-—17.  Sacral
plexus. 
 

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