ATLAS 
OF 
HUMAN ANATOMY, 
WITH EXPLANATORY TEXT. 
BY 
PROF. DR. C. E. BOCK (Le ipsic). 
CONTAINING 
* 
Ihittg-nrjW (Colouvcd 
OF 
THE BONES, MUSCLES, VESSELS AND NERVES OF THE HUMAN BODY, 
ORGANS OF SENSE, EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND TONGUE, 
RESPIRATORY APPARATUS, ABDOMINAL AND PELVIC VISCERA, ORGANIZATION OF FIFTHS, THE TEETH, 
WITH THE GENITO-UEINAEY ORGANS OF THE MALE AND FEMALE. 
NEW YORK: 
WILLIAM WOOD & COMPANY, 27 GREAT JONES STREET 
1879. PREFACE. 
This Atlas of Prof Dr. C. E. Bock has been most favorably received in Europe; 
its success being such as to call for a Sixth Edition. It has been translated into 
several languages, and wherever used has met with approval. It was published for 
the first time in London last year, and this Edition is reprinted from the English 
translation. 
An Atlas of Human Anatomy, of moderate dimensions and corresponding cost, has 
long been a desideratum in the profession; not only with those who have been engaged 
in the study of Medicine, but also with such as, in active practice, were called on to 
perform serious operations at a short notice and desired to refresh their knowledge by 
appropriate means. To both, this work will be found a valuable acquisition, not only 
from its excellent delineation of the various parts of the human body, but from the 
* 
exceeding accuracy of the details represented. 
27 Great Jones Street, New York, CONTENTS. 
PLATE IV. 
PLATE I. 
Fig. 5.—Tibia (left)—anterior and inner sur- 
face. 
“ 6.—Tibia (left)—posterior surface. 
“ 7.—Fibula (left)—anterior surface. 
“ 8.—Fibula (left)—posterior surface. 
“ 9.—Bones of Foot (right)—upper or dor- 
sal surface. 
“ 10.—Bones of Foot (right)—inferior or 
plantar surface. 
“ 11.—Tarsal and Metatarsal Bones (left)— 
upper or dorsal surface. 
“ 12.—Tarsal and Metatarsal Bones (left)— 
under or plantar surface. 
BONES OF HEAD. 
BONES OF TRUNK {continued). 
Fig. I.—Front view of Cranium. 
“ 2.—Lateral or side view of Cranium. 
‘1 3.—Vertical section of Facial Bones, show- 
ing inner surface of orbit, antrum 
Highmorianum, and lateral surface of 
superior maxilla, with portions of 
sphenoid, temporal, and palate bones 
posteriorly (spheno-maxillary fossa). 
“ 4.—Vertical section of Facial Bones, show- 
ing interior and outer wall of nasal 
cavity, with portions of frontal, eth- 
moidal, and sphenoidal sinuses. 
“ s.—Os Ethmoides, Cerebral or upper sur- 
face. 
“ 6.—lnferior or nasal surface of Ethmoid 
Bone. 
“ 7.—Os Palati or Palate Bone, inner or 
nasal surface. 
“ B.—Os Hyoides, anterior aspect. 
Fig. I.—Posterior view of Trunk. 
Figs. 2 & 3.—Atlas (first Vertebra), Dentata 
(second Vertebra) anterior surface 
(Fig. 2); posterior surface (Fig. 3). 
“ 4 & 5.—Atlas or first Cervical Vertebra— 
superior surface (Fig. 4); inferior sur- 
face (Fig. 5). 
Fig. 6.—Dentata or second Cervical Vertebra— 
anterior surface. 
“ 7.—Cervical Vertebra—superior surface. 
Figs. 8 & 9.—A Dorsal (Fig. 8) and a Lumbar 
Vertebra (Fig. 9)—superior surfaces. 
PLATE VII. 
PLATE V. 
LIGAMENTS OF HEAD, TRUNK, AND 
UPPER EXTREMITIES. 
BONES OF UPPER EXTREMITIES. 
Fig. I.—Ligaments of the Vertebrse, Sternal 
end of Ribs, Pelvis, and Ilio-femoral 
articulation—anterior surface. 
u 2.—Ligaments of right Temporo maxillary 
articulation—external surface. 
“ 3. —Ligaments of right Temporo-maxillary 
articulation—internal surface. 
Figs. 4 & s.—lnternal Ligaments connecting 
Occipital Bone with Dentata and of 
the articulation between Atlas and 
Dentata —posterior view, the posterior 
half arches of these bones having been 
removed. 
“ 6 & 7.—Ligaments of Sterno-clavicular 
and Sterno-costal articulations with 
anterior Intercostal Ligaments—an- 
terior surface (Fig. 6): posterior sur- 
face (Fig. 7). 
“ 8 & 9.—Ligaments of Shoulder-joint and 
scapulo-clavicular articulation. 
“ 10 & 11.—Ligaments of left Elbow-joint 
—anterior surface (Fig. 10); posterior 
surface (Fig. 11). 
Fig. 12.—Ligaments of Left Wrist-joint and 
Hand. 
“ 13.—Ligaments of Left Wrist-joint and 
Hand—anterior surface. 
Fig. I.—Clavicle (left)—superior surface. 
“ 2.—Clavicle (left)—inferior surface. 
“ 8. —Scapula—posterior and outer surface. 
“ 4.—Scapula—anterior, internal, or cbn- 
cave surface. 
“ s.—Scapula—front view of anterior mar- 
gin. 
“ 6.—Humerus (left)—posterior view. 
“ 7.—Humerus (left) anterior view. 
“ B.—Ulna—posterior view. 
“ 9. —Ulna—anterior view. 
“ 10.—Radius—anterior view. 
“ 11.—Radius—posterior view. 
“ 12.—Bones of Hand (right)—posterior or 
dorsal surface. 
“ 13.—Carpus, Metacarpus, and Phalanges 
of Thumb (left)—posterior surface. 
“ 14.—Carpus, Metacarpus, and Phalanges 
of Thumb (left)—anterior surface. 
“ 15.—Carpal Bones (left), first row—supe- 
rior or convex articular surface. 
“ 16.—Carpal Bones (left), second row—in- 
ter-carpal articular surface. 
“ 17.—Carpal Bones (left), first row—in- 
ferior articular surface. 
“ 18.—Carpal Bones (left), second row— 
digital surface. 
PLATE 11. 
BONES OF HEAD {continued). 
Fig. 1,—Base of Skull—inner or cerebral sur- 
face. 
“ 2.—lnferior surface of Cranium—base of 
skull. 
“ 3.—Os Temporis, Temporal Bone—exter- 
nal surface. ( Vide Plate L, Fig. 2.) 
“ 4.—Os Temporis—inner or cerebral sur- 
face. (Vide Fig. 1.) 
“ s.—Os Sphenoides, Sphenoid Bone—inner 
or cerebral surface. ( Vide Fig. 1.) 
“ 6.— Os Sphenoides—anterior surface. 
“ 7.—Maxilla Inferior outer or anterior 
surface. 
“ B.—Maxilla Inferior posterior or inner 
surface. 
PLATE 111. 
BONES OF TRUNK. 
PLATE VIII. 
Fig. I.—Spine (vertebras), Thorax, Clavicle, 
and portion of Scapula. 
“ 2.—Pelvis. 
“ 3.—True or Sternal Ribs. 
“ 4.—Sternum—anterior surface. 
" 5-— Os Innorainatum of right side—inner 
surface and lines of articulation of 
ilium, ischium, and pubes. 
“ 6.— Os Innominatum of left side—outer 
surface. 
Figs. 7 & B.—Os Coccygis—posterior surface 
(7); anterior and upper surfaces (8). 
LIGAMENTS OF SPINE, PELVIS, AND 
JOINTS OF INFERIOR EXTREMITIES. 
PLATE VI 
BONES OF LOWER EXTREMITIES. 
Fig. I.—Ligaments of Cervical Vertebrae—pos- 
terior surface, and anterior of spinal 
canal, of dorsal spines, and Costo-ver- 
tebral articulations. 
“ 2.—Posterior or Dorsal Ligaments of Spi- 
nal Column, Pelvis, and Ilio-femoral 
articulations. 
“ 3.—Ligaments of Left Knee-joint—inter- 
nal and anterior surfaces. 
Fig. I.—Os Femoris, Femur (left)—anterior 
surface. 
“ 2.—Os Femoris, Femur (left)—posterior 
surface. 
“ 3.—Patella (left)—anterior surface. 
“ 4.—Patella (left)—posterior or articular 
surface. 8 
CONTENTS. 
Fig. 4.—Ligaments of Left Knee-joint—inter- 
nal anterior view. 
“ s.—Ligaments of Left Knee-joint—poste- 
rior surface. 
“ 6.—Ligaments of the Sole or Plantar sur- 
face of Left Foot., 
‘ ‘ 7.—Ligaments of Left Foot—internal sur- 
face. 
“ B.—Ligaments of Left Foot—external and 
dorsal surfaces. 
Fig. 3.—Deep Muscles of back of Neck. 
“ 4.—Tendons and Tendinous Sheaths on 
posterior surface of Carpus. 
“ s.—Tendons and Tendinous Aponeuroses 
of right "Wrist and Hand—anterior sur- 
face. 
PLATE XVII. 
BLOOD-VESSELS (ARTERIES AND 
VEINS) OP HEAD AND NECK. 
Fig. I,—Arteries of anterior surfaces of Head 
and Neck. 
“ 3.—Arteries and Veins of lateral surface 
of Head, Face, and Neck. 
“ 3.—Arteries of right side of Neck. 
“ 4.—Arteries and Veins of right side of 
Neck. 
PLATE XIII. 
MUSCLES OF TRUNK, PERINEUM, 
FOREARM, AND HAND. 
PLATE IX. 
Fig. I.—Deep Muscles of Abdomen, Dia- 
phragm, and Pelvis. 
“ 2.—Muscles of A no-Perineal region and 
upper part of Thigh. 
“ 3.—Deep Muscles of right Forearm and 
Hand—anterior or palmar surface. 
“ 4.—Deep Muscles of right Forearm and 
Hand—posterior surface. 
“ s.—First or superficial layer of Palmar 
Muscles of right Hand, beneath Pal- 
mar Aponeurosis. 
“ 6.—Deep Palmar Muscles of left Hand. 
MUSCLES OF HEAD AND NECK. 
PLATE XVII * 
Fig. I.—Muscles of Face and Neck—anterior 
surfaces. 
“ 2.—Muscles of Neck—lateral surface of 
right side. 
“ 3.—Muscles of Neck—front view. 
“ 4.—Deep Muscles of right side of Neck. 
ARTERIES OF HEAD, NECK, AND 
PELVIS. 
Fig. I.—lnternal Maxillary Artery and branches. 
“ 2.—The right Subclavian Artery and Ver- 
tebral branch. 
“ 3.—Right Subclavian Artery viewed from 
interior of Thorax. 
“ 4.—Ophthalmic Artery with its superior 
branches. 
“ s.—Ophthalmic Artery with its inferior 
branches. 
“ 6.—lnternal view of Pelvic Arteries, view- 
ed from above, with Epigastric and 
Spermatic branches. 
“ 7.—Arteries and Veins of Pelvic Cavity in 
the male subject. 
‘ * B.—Arteries of Pelvic Cavity in the female 
subject. 
PLATE X. 
MUSCLES OF POSTERIOR PART OF 
NECK, TRUNK, PHARYNX, PALATE, 
INFERIOR MAXILLA, AND TONGUE. 
PLATE XIV. 
Fig. I.—Muscles of back of Pharynx and In- 
ferior Maxilla. 
3.—Muscles of Palate and Throat—poste- 
rior view, the pharyngeal constrictor 
being divided and thrown back. In- 
ternal and posterior view of Nares, 
Fauces, and Larynx. 
“ 3.—Muscles of Tongue—lateral view of 
right side. 
“ 4.—lnternal Muscles of Inferior Maxilla, 
with posterior view of Mouth and 
Nares. 
“ s.—Muscles of soft Palate—posterior and 
internal view. 
“ 6.—Muscles of posterior surface of Neck 
and upper part of Thorax beneath the 
trapezius muscle. 
“ 7.—Deep Muscles of Neck and Back. 
MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR AND EX- 
TERNAL SURFACES OF PELVIS 
AND LOWER EXTREMITIES. 
Fig. I.—Muscles of anterior surface of Lower 
Extremities, 
“ 3.- Muscles on external surface of right 
side of Pelvis and Lower Extremity. 
PLATE XVIII. 
ARTERIES OF ANTERIOR SURFACE OF 
TRUNK, ARM, FOREARM, AND 
HAND. 
PLATE XV. 
MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR AND 
INNER SURFACES OF PELVIS AND 
LOWER EXTREMITIES. 
Fig. I.—Arteries of Trunk, Axilla;, and In- 
guinal Regions. 
“ 2.—Superficial Arteries on the internal 
and anterior surface of Arm, Forearm, 
and Hand. 
“ 3.—Deep Arteries of Arm, Forearm, and 
Hand—anterior surface. 
“ 4.—Arteries of posterior surface of lower 
part of Arm, Forearm, and Hand. 
Fig 1.—Muscles of posterior surfaces of Pelvis 
and Lower Extremities. 
“ 2.—Muscles of inner surface of Pelvis, 
Thigh, Leg, and Foot. 
PLATE XL 
MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK, ARMS, 
AND FEET. 
PLATE XIX. 
Fig. 1.—Muscles of Face, Trunk, Arms, and 
upper part of Thighs—anterior view. 
‘ ‘ B.—Plantar Fascia or Aponeurosis of right 
Foot. 
“ 3.—Plantar Muscles, first layer—inferior 
surface, right Foot. 
“ 4.—Second layer of Plantar Muscles of 
right Foot. 
5.—Third layer of Plantar Muscles of 
right Foot. 
“ 6.—Fourth layer of Plantar Muscles of 
right Foot. 
PLATE XYI. 
BLOOD-VESSELS OP SIDE OP HEAD, 
NECK, TRUNK, AND UPPER EX- 
TREMITIES. 
THE HEART, ITS CAVITIES AND 
VALVES. 
Fig l_—Anterior surface of Heart and Peri- 
cardial covering. 
“ 3.—Posterior surface of Heart, Auricles, 
and Ventricles. 
“ 3.—lnternal cavities of Ventricles—an- 
terior view. 
“ 4.—Anterior surface of Heart—interior of 
right auricle exposed. 
“ s.—lnterior of right Auricle, Ventricle, 
and Pulmonary Artery. 
“ 6.—Exterior of Left Ventricle and of 
Aorta. 
“ 7.—Transverse section of Auricles, Aorta, 
and Pulmonary Artery, immediately 
above the origins of these vessels, 
showing the auriculo-ventricnlar and 
arterial valves in action. 
“ B.—Transverse section of Ventricles. 
Fig. I.—lnterior of Thorax, as when laid open, 
exposing Pericardium, Lungs, and 
large Blood-vessels at root of Neck. 
u 2.—Posterior surface of Lungs and Tra- 
chea, with their principal Arteries, 
Veins, and Nerves. 
“ 3. Distribution of Internal Maxillary and 
Labial or Facial Arteries and Veins on 
left side of Head. 
“ 4.—Principal Arteries and Veins of Neck, 
Thorax, and Arms, with deep Blood- 
vessels of Abdominal Cavity. 
“ s.—Section of Spinal Column, with Vena 
Azygos, right Intercostal Vessels, 
Aorta, and Veme Cavan 
“ 6.—Posterior inverted view of deep Ves- 
sels of Thorax, Vena Azygos, Aorta, 
and Veme Cavse. 
PLATE XII 
MUSCLES OF TRUNK, NECK, AND ARMS. 
(Posterior Yiew, with some of 
Anterior Sui’face.) 
Fig. I.—Muscles of Trunk, Pelvis, upper part 
of Thighs, and Arms. 
“ 2.—Deep Muscles of Neck—anterior view. CONTENTS. 
9 
PLATE XX. 
Fig. 6.—Pons Varolii and Medulla Oblongata— 
anterior surface, showing internal 
fibres. 
“ 7.—Pons Varolii and right lateral Lobe of 
Cerebellum, showing transverse fibres 
of Pons and Crus Cerebelli continuous 
with Arbor Vitas. 
“ B.—Vertical Section of Pons Varolii and 
lateral Lobe of Cerebellum, showing 
internal arrangement of fibres. 
PLATE XXVII. 
BLOOD-VESSELS OF PERINEAL REGIONS 
(MALE AND FEMALE), FEMALE IN- 
TERNAL ORGANS OF GENERATION, 
INGUINAL REGION, BACK OF SHOUL- 
DER AND FOREARM, AND PELVIS. 
NERVES OF THE POSTERIOR AND LAT- 
ERAL SURFACE OF TRUNK, DEEP 
PELVIC, AND SUPERFICIAL ANO- 
PERINEAL REGIONS. 
Fig. 1.—Arteries on posterior surface of Shoul- 
der and Scapula. 
“ 3.—Deep arteries on outer side of Arm, 
and posterior surface of Forearm, 
Wrist, and Hand. 
“ 3.—Arteries and Veins on anterior surface 
of Inguinal Region—left side. 
“ 4.—Arteries of Ano-Perineal Region in 
the Female subject. 
“ 5.—Arteries and Veins of Ano-Perineal 
Region in the Male subject. 
“ o.—Arteries of Pelvis in the Male subject. 
“ 7.—Arteries of Pelvis and internal Genital 
Organs in the Female subject. 
Fig, I.—Superficial and deep Nerves on dor- 
sum of Trunk. 
“ 2.—Nerves of Right Axillary Cavity and 
lateral surface of Trunk. 
“ 3.—Superficial Nerves of Ano-Perineal 
Region and Scrotum, 
“ 4.—Deep Pelvic Nerves and branches to 
side of Bladder and Penis—left sur- 
face. 
PLATE XXIV. 
BASE AND INTERIOR OF BRAIN, WITH 
ORIGINS OF NERVES AND BLOOD- 
VESSELS. 
Fig. I.—Base" of Brain, showing origins of 
Nerves and the Arteries. 
“ 2.—Section of Brain, exposing interior of 
Ventricles. 
“ 3.—Vertical longitudinal section of Brain, 
Cerebrum, and Cerebellum, through 
the centre. 
“ 4.—Posterior View of Spinal Marrow (Me- 
dulla Spinalis), with anterior Roots of 
Spinal Nerves, the Spinal Sheath 
being divided and everted. 
“ s.—Anterior View of Spinal Marrow (Me- 
dulla Spinalis), with posterior Roots 
of Spinal Nerves, the Spinal Sheath 
being divided and reflected. 
PLATE XXVIIL 
SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP NERVES OF 
POSTERIOR SURFACE OF SHOUL- 
DER AND UPPER EXTREMITIES, AND 
OF ANTERIOR SURFACE OF LOWER 
EXTREMITIES. 
PLATE XXI. 
ARTERIES OF PELVIS AND LOWER 
EXTREMITIES. 
Fig. I.—Superficial Nerves on posterior sur- 
face of Upper Extremity—Right. 
“ 2.—Deep Nerves on posterior surface of 
Upper Extremity—Left. 
“ 3.—Superficial and Deep Nerves on ante- 
rior surface of Lower Extremities. 
Fig. 1.—Arteries on anterior surface of Pelvis, 
Thigh, Leg, and Foot of right extrem- 
ity. 
“ 2.—Arteries on internal surface of Pelvis, 
Thigh, and Knee of the right extrem- 
ity. 
“ 3.—Arteries on posterior surface of Pelvis, 
Thigh, and Leg of the right extremity. 
“ 4.—Arteries on dorsal surface of Right 
Foot. 
“ s.—Plantar arch of Arteries in sole of 
Right Foot. 
‘ ‘ 6. —Deep Arteries in sole of Right Foot. 
PLATE XXV. 
NERVES OF THE HEAD AND NECK. 
Fig. I.—lnternal view of Base or Cerebral Sur- 
face of Cranium, with Roots of Cere- 
bral Nerves and exits from Cranium. 
“ 2.—Distribution of Superficial Nerves on 
the lateral surface of the Head and 
Neck. 
“ 3.—Distribution of Deep Nerves of Head, 
Neck, and Orbit. 
“ 4.—Distribution of Deepest Nerves of 
Head, Neck, and Orbit. 
PLATE XXIX. 
SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP NERVES ON 
THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF UPPER 
EXTREMITIES, AND POSTERIOR SUR- 
FACE OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES. 
PLATE XXII. 
Fig. I.—Superficial Nerves on Anterior Surface 
of Upper Extremity—Right. 
“ 2.—Deep Nerves on Anterior Surface of 
Upper Extremity—Left. 
“ B.—Superficial and Deep Nerves on Pos- 
terior Surface of Lower Extremities. 
“ 4.—Deep Nerves in Sole of Foot—Left. 
THE THORACIC DUCT, LYMPHATIC 
VESSELS, AND GLANDS. 
Fig. I.—Thoracic Duct, Lymphatics of Trunk, 
Pelvis, upper part of Thighs, and su- 
perior extremities. 
2.—Lymphatic Vessels and Glands of 
Axilla (left side). 
“ B.—Lymphatic Vessels and Glands in inte- 
rior of Pelvis (right side). 
PLATE XXYI. 
NERVES OP INTERIOR OF HEAD, WITH 
ANTERIOR VIEW OF MEDULLA SPI- 
NALIS AND SPINAL NERVES, SYM- 
PATHETIC OR GANGLIONIC TRUNK, 
AND NERVES OF PELVIS. 
PLATE XXX 
Fig. I.—Nerves of deep Muscles of Head, por- 
tions of the Zygoma and Ramus of In- 
ferior Maxilla being removed (left 
side), 
“ 2.—Deep branches of the three divisions 
of the Fifth Pair of Nerves (Trigem- 
ini), with the Nerves of the Tym- 
panum. 
“ 3.—Vertical section of Bones of Face, 
showing distribution of Nasal Nerves 
and Branches of Third Division of 
Fifth Nerve (left side). 
“ 4.—Vertical section of Bones of Face, 
showing internal distribution of the 
three divisions of Fifth Nerve (Tri- 
gemini) . 
“ s.—Anterior view of Pons Varolii, Me- 
dulla Oblongata, Medulla Spinalis and 
Spinal Nerves, Sympathetic Ganglia, 
and Pelvic Nerves. 
SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM OF NERVES, 
WITH THE .PRINCIPAL CEREBRO- 
SPINAL NERVES IN CONNECTION 
THEREWITH. 
PLATE XXIII. 
THE BRAIN; CEREBRUM, CEREBEL- 
LUM, AND MEDULLA OBLONGATA. 
Pig. I.—The under surface or Base of the 
Brain, with origin of Cerebral Nerves. 
2. Central surface of Cerebrum, shown 
by making a horizontal section through 
its centre, exposing the interior of the 
two lateral, third, and fifth Ventricles. 
“ B.—The inferior surface of Cerebellum, 
the Medulla Oblongata being removed. 
u 4,—Posterior border and under surface of 
Cerebellum. 
‘‘ 5 —Pons Varolii and Medulla Oblongata— 
anterior surface. 
Fig. I.—Nerves of left Orbit. 
“ 2.—Vertical section of Head behind the 
left ear, through the cavity of the 
Tympanum and Internal Ear, showing 
the Nerves in their course through 
these. 
“ 3.—Vertical section through Mastoid and 
Petrous portions of Temporal Bone, 
exposing cavity of Tympanum and 
nerves traversing it. 
“ 4.—Cavity of left Tympanum, with course 
and branches of Facial Nerve through 
Fallopian Canal. 
“ s.—Nerves of the Palate and Tongue. 10 
CONTENTS. 
Fig. 6,—Posterior view of the distribution of 
the Par Vagum and Sympathetic 
Nerves, the Spinal Column being re- 
moved. 
“ 7.—Distribution of Facial Nerve (portio 
dura) and Par Vagum or Pneumo- 
gastric, with the Sympathetic Ganglia 
and Nerves on lateral surface of Head 
and Trunk. 
PLATE XXXII. 
PLATE XXXV. 
THE LARYNX, WITH SECTIONS OF 
NASAL CAVITY AND MOUTH, THE 
TONGUE, AND FAUCES. 
THORACIC AND ABDOMINAL VISCERA, 
WITH PRINCIPAL VESSELS, NERVES, 
AND LYMPHATICS. 
Fig. I.—Anterior view of Larynx and Os 
Hyoides. 
“ 2.—Posterior view of Larynx. 
“ 3.—Arteries of Tongue, Palate, and Nasal 
Cavity. 
u 4.—Upper or dorsal surface of Tongue. 
“ 5.—Inferior or concave surface of Tongue, 
divided by longitudinal section. 
“ 6.—Nasal Bones and Cartilages—anterior 
view. 
“ 7.—Vertical and transverse section of 
Nasal Cavity and Antrum Highmori- 
anum through centre. 
“ B.—Vertical section of Nasal Cavity, 
Mouth, and Larynx, through centre. 
“ 9.—Vertical section of Nasal Cavity, 
Mouth, and Larynx, to left side of 
centre. 
Fig. I.—Anterior View. 
‘ ‘ 2. —Posterior View. 
“ 3.—Principal Chylopoietic Viscera, Blood- 
vessels, and Ducts. 
“ 4.—Posterior view of Solar Plexus and 
Minor Plexuses, with some of the 
Deep Blood-vessels. 
PLATE XXXI. 
THE EAR, EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL. 
THE EYE, ORBIT, AND LACHRYMAL 
APPARATUS. 
Fig. I.—External Ear and Auricular Muscles 
—Left. 
‘ ‘ 2. —Posterior of Bar (Left), with Auricular 
Muscles. 
“ 3.—Vertical Section of Temporal Bone, 
showing Internal Ear, Tympanum, 
Cochlea, and Semicircular Canals— 
Left side. 
“ 4.—The cavity of the Tympanum, show- 
ing the Ossicula, or Small Bones of 
Hearing—Left side.. 
“ s.—The Internal organs of Hearing ex- 
posed conjointly, without Bony Struc- 
tures. 
“ 6.—The Ossicula, or Bones of Tympa- 
num, articulated with each other— 
Left Ear. 
“ 7.—lncus—Left Ear. 
“ B.—Malleus—Left Ear. 
“ 9.—Stapes. 
“ 10.—The Bony Labyrinth—Left Ear (ex- 
ternal surface). 
“ 11.—Interior of Bony Labyrinth—Left 
Ear. 
“ 12.—Interior of Labyrinth, with distribu- 
tion of the Acoustic Nerve (Portio 
Mollis of seventh)—Left Ear. 
“ 13.—Internal linings of Labyrinth—Left 
Ear. 
“ 14.—The Osseous or Bony Cochlea—Left 
Ear—showing its internal arrange- 
ment. 
“ 15.—The Osseous or Bony Cochlea—Left 
Ear—cut through its centre. 
“ 16.—Facial surface of Eyelids and Eye— 
Left side—with Blood-vessels and 
Nerves. 
“ 17.—Anterior and internal Muscles of Bye 
—Right. 
“ 18.—Lachrymal Apparatus of Eye and 
Eyelids—Left side. 
“ 19. Upper surface of Orbital Cavities, 
the osseous structures being removed, 
with Muscles and Nerves. 
“ 20.—Vertical section of Orbit and Globe 
of Eye, through centre, from before 
backwards. 
PLATE XXXYI. 
GENITOURINARY ORGANS OF MALE 
AND FEMALE SUBJECTS. 
Figs. 1 & 2.—lnternal structure of Kidney, 
with Blood-vessels and Ducts. 
Fig. 3.—Anterior view of cavity of bladder 
laid open, with section of Genital 
Organs in Male subject. 
Figs. 4 & s.—Fig. 4.—Vertical section of Pel- 
vis and Pelvic Viscera in Male, giving 
a lateral view of Genito-urinary Or- 
gans unopened—right side. Fig. 5. 
The same parts, the interior being ex- 
posed—left side. 
Fig. 6.—Anterior view of external Male Geni- 
tal Organs, the Integuments being 
removed on the right side. 
“ 7.—Anterior view of Female Genito-uri- 
nary Organs and principal Blood-ves- 
sels, the Abdominal Parietes being 
removed. 
“ B.—Vertical section of Female Genito- 
urinary Organs, giving lateral view of 
Pelvic Viscera laid open—right side. 
“ 9.—Transverse section of Female Genital 
Organs exposing the interior. 
PLATE XXXIII. 
VISCERA OF THORAX, ABDOMEN, AND 
PELVIS. 
(Anterior View.) 
Fig. 1,—The Thoracic Parietes with Viscera 
enclosed, the Abdomen and Abdomi- 
nal Viscera in natural position. 
“ 2.—The Lungs in situ, the Deeper Abdom- 
inal Viscera, Small Intestines being 
removed. 
“ 3.—Under or Concave Surface of Liver. 
“ 4.—lnternal arrangement of Hepatic 
Blood-vessels, the liver being divided 
transversely. 
PLATE XXXIV. 
PLATE XXXYII. 
PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF DIGESTION, 
WITH DEEPER BLOOD-VESSELS OF 
ABDOMINAL VISCERA. 
FCETAL CIRCULATION, WITH PLACENTA 
AND UMBILICAL CORD, MUSCLES OF 
LARYNX AND LARYNGEAL INTE- 
RIOR, INTESTINUM CAECUM LAID 
OPEN.—THE TEETH. 
Fig. I.—Liver, Stomach (raised upwards), Pan- 
creas and Spleen in situ, with their 
principal Arteries. 
“ 2.—Under surface of Liver (raised up- 
wards), with stomach in situ, and prin- 
cipal Blood-vessels. 
“ 3.—Small Intestines (Jejunum and Ileum), 
Mesentery, and Mesenteric Vessels. 
* ‘ 4. —Large Intestines, with principal Blood- 
vessels. 
“ s.—View of posterior surface of the deep 
Viscera of Abdomen and Pelvis, with 
principal Blood-vessels. 
“ 6.—View of posterior surface of the su- 
perficial Viscera of Abdomen and 
Blood-vessels. 
Fig-. I.—Foetal Organization. 
“ 2.—External Muscles of Larynx. 
“ B.—lnternal Muscles of Larynx. 
“ 4.—Lateral view of Internal Muscles of 
Larynx, left wing of Thyroid Cartilage 
being removed. 
“ s.—Posterior view of Interior of cavity of 
Larynx. 
“ 6.—lnterior of Caecum'or Caput Coli, and 
termination in it of Small Intestines. 
“ 7.—Vertical Section of Inferior Lip and 
Incisor Tooth in Alveolar socket of 
Lower Jaw. 
“ B.—The Teeth. PLATE 1. 
BONES OF HEAD. 
Fig. I. 
m Squamous plate of os temporis. 
n Mastoid prolongation, 
o Mastoid process, 
p Mastoid fossa, 
q Meatus auditorius externus. 
r Zygomatic arch. 
s Temporal or horizontal process of malar 
bone. 
t Frontal or ascending process of malar bone, 
u Maxillary process of malar bone, 
v Anterior malar foramen, 
w Malar process of superior maxilla, 
x Superior maxillary fossa, 
y Infra-orbital foramen, 
z Superior maxillary protuberance, 
1 Nasal process of superior maxilla. 
2 Alveolar process of superior maxilla. 
3 External pterygoid process of sphenoid 
bone. 
4 Mental protuberance of inferior maxilla. 
5 Inferior mental spine. 
6 Anterior opening of inferior maxillary 
canal. 
7 External oblique line of inferior maxilla. 
8 Alveolar border of inferior maxilla. 
9 Angle of inferior maxilla. 
10 Coronoid process of inferior maxilla. 
11 Condyloid process of inferior maxilla. 
12 Semilunar notch of inferior maxilla. 
IB Anterior nasal opening. 
14 Anterior nasal spine. 
15 Fossa for lachrymal sac. 
10 Squamous suture. 
17 Mastoid suture. 
18 Transverse suture. 
Fig. 4. 
Front view of Cranium. 
Vertical section of Facial Bones, showing 
interior and outer wall of nasal cavity, 
with portions of frontal, ethmoidal, and 
sphenoidal sinuses. 
A. Os frontis. 
B. Os parietale. 
C. Great wing of sphenoid bone. 
13. Os temporis. 
E. Malar bone. 
F. Superior maxillary bone. 
G. Nasal bone. 
H. Inferior maxillary bone, 
a Coronal suture. 
b Frontal suture, 
c Squamous suture, 
d Frontal eminence, 
e Superciliary arch. - 
f Glabella. 
g Zygomatic process of malar bone, 
h Supra-orbital ridge, 
i Supra-orbital foramen, 
k Nasal process. 
1 Frontal crest of temporal ridge, 
m Nasal or ascending process of superior 
maxilla. 
n Malar process of superior maxilla. 
0 Alveolar process of superior maxilla, 
p Infra-orbital foramen. 
q Superior maxillary fossa, 
r Nasal spine of superior maxilla, 
s Anterior nasal opening, 
t Infra-orbital margin of superior maxilla, 
u Fossa of lachrymal sac. 
v Alveolar process of superior maxilla, 
w Maxillary process of malar bone, 
x Frontal process of malar bone, 
y Temporal process of malar bone, 
z Anterior malar foramen. 
a Mental protuberance of inferior maxilla. 
/3 Anterior opening of inferior maxillary canal. 
7 Angle of inferior maxilla. 
5 Ascending ramus of inferior maxilla. 
e Mastoid process. 
{■ Foramen opticum. 
V Superior orbital fissure of foramen lacerum 
anterius. 
b Inferior orbital fissure of foramen lacerum 
anterius. 
1 Posterior malar foramen. 
A. Os frontis. 
B. Body of sphenoid bone. 
C. Pterygoid process. 
D. Vertical plate of palate bone. 
B. Horizontal or palate process of palate bone, 
G. Inferior spongy bone. 
H. Nasal plate of ethmoidal spongy bones, 
I. Ascending plate of superior maxilla. 
K. Nasal bone. 
a Frontal sinus, 
b Ethmoidal sinus, 
c Sphenoidal sinus, 
d Superior spongy bone, 
e Middle spongy bone, 
f Spheno-palatine foramen, 
g Internal pterygoid process, 
h External pterygoid process, 
i Opening of nasal duct or lachrymal canal, 
k Incisive canal. 
1 Groove for ethmoidal nerve. 
Fig. 5. 
Os Ethmoides, cerebral or upper surface. 
A. Cribriform plate. 
B. Ethmoidal cells. 
C. Vertical or nasal plate, 
a Crista galli. 
b Hamular process of crista galli. 
c Foramina cribrosa. 
d Orbital plate. 
Vertical section of Facial Bones,, showing 
inner surface of orbit, antrum Higli- 
morianum, and lateral surface of supe- 
rior maxilla, with portions of sphenoid, 
temporal, and palate bones posteriorly 
(spheno-maxillary fossa). 
Fig. 3. 
Fig. 6. 
Inferior or nasal surface of Ethmoid Bone. 
A. Superior nasal meatus. 
B. Vertical or nasal plate. 
C. Cribriform plate. 
a Hamular process of ethmoid bone, 
b Middle spongy bone, 
c Superior spongy bone. 
A. Os frontis. 
B. Os nasale. 
C. Superior maxilla. 
D. Palate bone (perpendicular portion). 
E. Ethmoid bone. 
F. Lachrymal bone. 
G. Sphenoid bone. 
a Fossa for lachrymal sac. 
b Infra-orbital foramen, 
c Infra-orbital canal, 
d Ethmoidal foramina. 
e Antrum Highmorianum or superior maxil- 
lary sinus, 
f Pterygoid process, 
g Pterygo-palatine canal, 
h Spheno-palatine foramen, 
i Orbital process of palate bone, 
k Sphenoidal process of palate bone. 
1 Orbital process of frontal bone, 
m Anterior clinoid process, 
n Sella turcica, 
o Foramen opticum. 
p Posterior clinoid process, 
q Carotid canal for interior carotid artery, 
r Lingual foramen, 
s Yidian canal. 
t Styloid process of temporal bone. 
rig. 7. 
Fig. 2. 
Os Palati or Palate Bone, inner or nasal 
surface. 
A. Os frontis. 
B. Os parietale. 
C. Os temporis. 
D. Great wing of sphenoid. 
E. Malar bone. 
F. Superior maxilla. 
G. Nasal bone. 
H. Inferior maxilla. 
a Frontal eminence, 
b Superciliary arch, 
c Glabella. 
d Nasal process of frontal bone, 
e Supra-orbital margin of frontal bone, 
f Supra-orbital foramen of frontal bone, 
g Malar process of frontal bone, 
h External frontal crest of temporal ridge, 
i Temporal or semicircular ridge, 
k Coronal suture. 
1 Parietal eminence. 
Lateral or side view of Cranium. 
A. Perpendicular or nasal plate. 
B. Horizontal plate, 
a Nasal crest. 
b I ;sterior nasal spine, 
c Inferior turbinal crest, 
d Superior turbinal crest 
e Orbital process, 
f Sphenoidal process, 
g Spheno-palatine foramen, 
h Nasal process, 
i Pyramidal process. 
Fig. 8. 
Os Hyoides, anterior aspect. 
a Body, 
b Cornua majora. 
c Cornua minora. 
d Knob of greater cornu for thyro-byoid 
ligament. Tab. I. 
Fig-.l 
Fig. 5. 
Fig-. 6 
rig.s. 
J 
Fig..*,. 
Fig-. 2 
Fig.7. 
J’jg-.tf. 
Kraufse <>. Elt-zner sc. Leipzig. PLATE 11. 
BONES OF HEAD (continued). 
Fig. 1. 
i Foramen spinosum. 
k Inferior orbital or spheno-maxillary fissure. 
1 Articular fossa of temporal bone, 
m Condyloid eminence or transverse root of 
zygoma, 
n Fissura Glaseri. 
o Eustachian tube, 
p Meatus auditorius externus. 
q Internal carotid foramen, 
r Styloid process, 
s Stylo-mastoid foramen, 
t Aqueduct of cochlea. 
u Jugular foramen or foramen lacerum in 
basi cranii. 
v Fossula petrosa, 
w Condyles of occipital bone, 
x Anterior condyloid foramen. 
,y Posterior condyloid foramen, 
z Mastoid process. 
a Mastoid fossa. 
0 Mastoid foramen. 
7 Posterior occipital ridge. 
5 Posterior occipital eminence, 
e Inferior semicircular line. 
£ Superior semicircular line, 
77 Spinous process. 
d Sulcus caroticus. 
e Anterior clinoid processes, 
f Foramen opticum. 
g Superior orbital fissure or foramen lacerum 
anterius. 
h Foramen rotundum. 
i Foramen ovale, 
k Foramen spinosum. 
1 Processus spinosus. 
m Lingula, 
n Ethmoidal process, 
o Superior articulating surface, 
p Posterior articulating surface, 
q Posterior inferior surface, 
r Clivus. 
Base of Skull—inner or cerebral surface. 
A. Os frontis (section of). 
B. Lesser wings of sphenoid bone. 
C. Greater wings of sphenoid bone. 
D. Squamous plate of temporal bone. 
E. Petrous portion of temporal bone. 
F. Mastoid portion of temporal bone. 
G. Occipital bone (section of). 
H. Basilar or cuneiform process of occipital 
bone. 
I. Ethmoid bone (cribriform plate), 
a Orbital plates of frontal bone. 
b Digital depressions, 
c Internal frontal spine, 
d Crista galli. 
e Foramina cribrosa. 
f Anterior clinoid processes, 
g Optic foramen, 
h Middle clinoid processes, 
i Sella turcica, 
k Posterior clinoid processes. 
1 Internal carotid sulcus, 
m Foramen lacerum anterius orbitale. 
n Foramen rotundum. 
0 Foramen ovale. 
p Foramen spinosum. 
q Hiatus canalis Fallopii. 
r Meatus auditorius internus. 
s Aqueduct of vestibule, 
t Jugular foramen, 
u Fossa occipitalis, 
v Processus anonymus. 
w Ante-condyloid foramen, 
x Posterior condyloid foramen, 
y Mastoid foramen, 
z Foramen magnum, 
a Sigmoid fossa. 
3 Interna] occipital protuberance. 
y Internal occipital crest. 
1 Foramen c92cum. 
e Clivus Blumenbachii. 
{■ Fossa cerebelli. 
tj Lingula. 
3- Sulcus transversus. 
1 Condyloid occipital eminence. 
Os sphenoides—anterior surface. 
Fig. 6. 
A. Body. 
B. Lesser wings. 
C. Greater wings (orbital surface). 
D. Pterygoid processes. 
a Posterior clinoid processes, 
b Sella turcica, 
c Sphenoidal sinuses, 
d Nasal spine, 
e Superior orbital fissure, 
f Orbital surface of greater wing, 
g Foramen rotundum. 
h Vidian canal, 
i Spinous process. 
k Pterygoid groove for pterygo-palatine ca- 
nal. 
1 External pterygoid process, 
m Internal pterygoid process, 
n Pterygoid cleft. 
o Hamular process of internal pterygoid 
plate. 
Os Temporis, Temporal bone—external 
surface. ( Vide Plate 1., Fig. 2.) 
Fig. 3. 
A. Squamous plate. 
B. Mastoid portion. 
C. Petrous portion. 
a Zygomatic process. 
b Condyloid process or transverse root of 
zygoma. 
c Glenoid cavity or articular fossa, 
d Fissura Glaseri. 
e Meatus auditorius externus. 
f Mastoid process, 
g Mastoid foramen 
h Mastoid fossa, 
i Styloid process. 
Maxilla Inferior—outer or anterior sur- 
face. 
Fig. 7. 
A. Body. 
D. Ascending ramus, 
a Base or inferior margin, 
b Alveolar border, 
c Mental protuberance, 
d Meutal foramen, 
e External oblique line, 
f Angle. 
g Condyloid process, 
h Coronoid process, 
i Sigmoid notch, 
k Incisor teeth. 
1 Cuspidati. 
m Molar teeth. 
Fig. 4. 
Fig. 2. 
( Vide Fig. 1.) 
A.—C. as Fig 3. 
a Digital depressions, 
b Juga cerebralia. 
c Zygomatic process, 
d Mastoid process, 
e Sigmoid fossa, 
f Mastoid foramen, 
g Styloid process, 
h Opening of carotid canal, 
i Meatus auditorius internus. 
k Petrosal ridge. 
1 Aqueduct of vestibule, 
m Eminentia arcuata. 
Os Temporis—inner or cerebral surface. 
Inferior surface of Cranium—base of skull. 
A. Bony or hard palate. 
B. Alveolar ridge of superior maxilla. 
C. Superior maxilla. 
D. Palate or horizontal plate of palate bone. 
E. Pterygoid processes of sphenoid bone. 
F. Greater wing of sphenoid. 
G. Yomer. 
H. Squamous plate of temporal bone. 
I. Mastoid process. 
K. Petrous portion of temporal bone. 
L. Basilar process. 
M. Condyloid part of occipital bone. 
O. Zygomatic arch. 
a Foramen incisivum. 
i> Posterior nasal spine, 
c Foramina palatina. 
d Internal pterygoid plate and hamular pro- 
cess. 
e Pterygoid fossa. 
1 External pterygoid plate, 
g Posterior nasal openings, 
h Foramen ovale. 
Fig. 8. 
Maxilla Inferior—posterior or inner sur- 
face. 
A. Body. 
B. Ascending ramus. 
a Base or inferior margin, 
b Alveolar border, 
c Internal mental spine, 
d Internal oblique line, 
e Angle. 
f Condyloid process, 
g Coronoid process, 
h Sigmoid notch. 
i Inferior maxillary canal (internal opening) 
k Mylo-hyoid groove. 
Fig. 5. 
Os Sphenoides, Sphenoid Bone—inner or 
cerebral surface. (Vide Fig. 1.) 
A. Body. 
B. Lesser wings. 
C. Greater wings, 
a Middle clinoid processes, 
b Sella turcica, 
c Posterior clinoid processes. 'Fab. 11. 
rig.4. 
Fig. 3. 
rig-.j 
Fig.s. 
I’ig-.0. 
ns. 2. 
rtg.a. 
ng-.r. 
KraiiJ.se p IJlizner sc. Leipzig, PLATE 111. 
BONES OF TRUNK. 
Fig. 1. 
q Obturator foramen, 
r Horizontal branch of pubes, 
s Spine of pubes, 
t Descending ramus of pubes, 
u Symphysis pubis, 
v Ascending ramus of ischium, 
w Tuber ischii. 
x Descending ramus of ischium. 
C. Os pubis. 
D. Obturator foramen, 
a Crest of ilium. 
b Anterior superior spine of ilium, 
c Anterior inferior spine of ilium, 
d Posterior superior spine of ilium, 
e Posterior inferior spine of ilium, 
f Anterior semilunar notch, 
g Posterior semilunar notch, 
h Tuberosity of ilium, 
i Articular surface (sacro-iliac). 
k Internal semicircular ridge. 
1 Great sciatic notch, 
m Body of ischium, 
n Descending ramus of ischium, 
o Ascending ramus of ischium, 
p Spine of ischium, 
q Tuber ischii. 
r Lesser sciatic notch, 
s Horizontal ramus of pubes, 
t Descending ramus of pubes, 
u Ilio-pectineal eminence, 
v Crest of pubes, 
w Spine of pubes, 
x Symphysis pubis, 
y Iliac fossa. 
Spine (vertebrse), Thorax, Clavicle, and 
portion of Scapula. 
a Atlas or first vertebra, 
b Dentata or second vertebra, 
c Last cervical vertebra, 
d Vertebral canal for vertebral artery, 
e Odontoid process, 
f First dorsal vertebra, 
g Last dorsal vertebra, 
h First lumbar vertebra, 
i Last lumbar vertebra, 
k First rib. 
1 Last true or sternal rib. 
m First false or asternal rib. 
n Last floating rib. 
o Manubrium or first bone of sternum, 
p Body or middle piece of sternum, 
q Ensiform or xiphoid process, 
r Clavicle, 
s Scapula. 
t Glenoid cavity of scapula. 
Fig. 3. 
True or Sternal Ribs. 
A. Posterior extremity. 
B. Body. 
C. Anterior extremity, 
a Head. 
b Neck, 
c Tubercle, 
d Angle. 
e Inner or concave surface, 
f Outer or convex surface, 
g Outer or convex margin, 
h Inner or concave margin, 
i Inferior intercostal groove. 
Fig. 2. 
Pelvis. 
Fig. 4. 
Fig. 6. 
A. Os sacrum. 
B. Os innominatum. 
C. Os ilium. 
D. Os ischii. 
E. Os pubis. 
a Superior oblique or articular process of 
sacrum. 
b Base or promontory of sacrum, 
c Linear arcuata interna, 
d Anterior sacral foramina, 
e Internal semicircular ridge or inferior brim 
of pelvis, 
f Sacro-iliac symphysis, 
g Crest of ilium or superior brim of pelvis, 
h Anterior superior spinous process of ilium, 
i Anterior inferior spinous process of ilium, 
k Anterior semilunar notch. 
1 Spine of ischium, 
m Ilio-pubal eminence, 
n Acetabulum, 
o Brim of acetabulum, 
p Notch of acetabulum. 
Sternum—anterior surface. 
Os Innominatum of left side—outer sur- 
face. 
A. Manubrium or first bone. 
B. Body or middle portion. 
C. Ensiform or xiphoid process, 
a Superior semilunar notch. 
b Clavicular fossa, 
c Articular fossa for first rib. 
d Articular fossa for second rib. 
e Articular fossae for true ribs, 
f Lateral semilunar notches, 
g Lineae transversae. 
h Supra-sternal ossiculum. 
A. —D. as in Fig. 5. 
B. Acetabulum, 
a—w as in Fig. 5. 
a Brim of acetabulum. 
/3 Facies lunata (3 cornua). 
7 Fossa for ligamentum teres. 
S Acetabular notch. 
Figs. 7 & 8. 
Fig. 5. 
Os Innominatum of right side—inner sur- 
face and lines of articulation of ilium, 
ischium, and pubes. 
Os Coccygis—posterior surface (7); ante 
fior and upper surfaces (8). 
a—d False vertebras, 
e Articular surface, 
f Cornua coccygea. 
g False transverse processes. 
A. Os ilium. 
B. Os ischii. lab. 111, 
Fig. 6. 
Fig I- 
Fig-5. 
Fig-3. 
Fig-. 4. 
/, 
Fig.2. 
Fig’-Z 
Fig-.R. 
Kraalie p Eltzner sc. Leipzig. PLATE IV. 
BONES OF TRUNK (continued). 
Fig. 1. 
/x Tuber ischii. 
v Spine of ischium. 
£ Lesser sciatic notch. 
ir Obturator foramen, 
p Ascending ramus of ischium, 
s- Descending ramus of pubes. 
(Vide Table 111., Fig. 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and 8.) 
Fig. 6. 
Posterior view of Trunk. 
Dentata or second Cervical Vertebra— 
anterior surface. 
a Atlas. (Vide Fig. 2, 3, 4, and 5.) 
b Dentata. 
c Last cervical vertebra, 
d First dorsal vertebra, 
e Last dorsal vertebra, 
f First lumbar vertebra, 
g Last lumbar vertebra, 
h Spinous processes, 
i Transverse processes, 
k Intervertebral foramina. 
1 First rib. 
m Last rib. 
n Clavicle. 
o Scapula. ( Vide Table V., Fig. 3.) 
p Os sacrum, 
q Os coccygis. 
r Os ilium, 
s Os ischii. 
t Os pubis. 
u Opening to sacral canal, 
v Superior oblique processes of sacrum, 
w False spinous processes, 
x Posterior sacral foramina, 
z Cornua sacralia. 
a Termination of sacral canal. 
P Cornua coccygea. 
7 Crest of ilium. 
5 Posterior superior spine of ilium. 
e Posterior semilunar notch of ilium. 
£ Posterior inferior spine of ilium. 
7] Great sciatic notch. 
6 Superior semicircular ridge of ilium, 
t Inferior semicircular ridge of ilium. 
k Acetabulum. 
A Descending ramus of ischium. 
a Body. 
b Odontoid process, 
c Neck of odontoid process, 
d Articular surface for anterior half arch of 
atlas. 
e Apex of odontoid process, 
f Superior oblique processes, 
g Inferior oblique processes, 
h Transverse processes. 
Figs. 2 & 3. 
Atlas (first Vertebra), Dentata (second 
Vertebra)—anterior surface (Fig. 2) ; 
posterior surface (Fig, 3.) 
a Atlas, 
b Dentata. 
c Odontoid process. 
d Articular surface of atlas for occipital con- 
dyle. 
Fig. 7. 
Cervical Vertebra—superior surface. 
a Body, 
b Arch. 
c Spinous process, 
d Interspinous cleft, 
e Transverse processes, 
f Superior oblique processes, 
g Vertebral foramen, 
h Spinal canal. 
Figs. 4 & 6. 
Atlas or first Cervical Vertebra—supe- 
rior surface (Fig. 4) ; inferior sui'face 
(Fig. 5). 
a Anterior half arch, 
b Posterior half arch, 
c Lateral mass, 
d Posterior tubercle of atlas, 
e Articular surface for odontoid process, 
f Condyloid fossa, 
g Transverse process of atlas, 
h Vertebral foramen, 
i Groove for vertebral artery, 
k ' Internal tubercle for transverse ligament. 
1 Spinal canal, 
m Anterior tubercle of atlas, 
n Inferior articular or oblique processes. 
A Dorsal (Fig. 8) and a Lumbar Yertebra 
(Fig. 9)—superior surfaces. 
Figs. 8 & 9. 
a Body, 
b Arch. 
c Vertebral notch for intervertebral foramen, 
d Spinous process, 
e Transverse processes, 
f Articular surface for costal tubercle, 
g Superior oblique processes. Tab.lV: 
Fig. 2. 
Fig.]. 
Fig.o. 
Fig.6. 
Fig.4 
r%.5. 
Fig. 7. 
Fig. 9. 
Fig. 8. 
Kraufse f. Eltzner sc.Leipzig. PLATE V. 
BONES OF UPPER EXTREMITIES. 
rig. i. 
rig. 7. 
f Os magnum, 
g Os nnciforme. 
h Metacarpal bone of thumb, 
i Metacarpal bone of index finger (second), 
k Metacarpal bone of middle finger (third). 
I Metacarpal bone of ring finger (fourth). 
m Metacarpal bone of little finger (fifth), 
n Bases of metacarpal bones, 
o Heads of metacarpal bones, 
p First phalanx of thumb, 
q Second phalanx of thumb, 
r First phalanges of fingers, 
s Second phalanges of fingers, 
t Third or ungual phalanges of fingers. 
• Clavicle (left)—superior surface. 
Humerus (left)—anterior view. 
a Body, 
b Sternal end. 
c Acromial end. 
d Acromial articular surface. 
a Head of humerus, 
b Neck (anatomical), 
c Greater tuberosity, 
d Lesser tuberosity, 
e Bicipital groove, 
f Inner margin of bicipital groove, 
g Outer margin of bicipital groove, 
h Body, 
i Internal ridge, 
k External ridge. 
1 Internal condyle, 
m External condyle, 
n Cubital process or epitrochlea. 
o Eotula. 
p Trochlea. 
q Anterior humeral fossa, 
r Anterior humeral fossa (lesser). 
rig. 2. 
a Body. 
b Sternal end with articular surface, 
c Acromial end. 
d Tuberosity for costo-clavicular ligament, 
e Tuberosity for coraco-clavicular ligament. 
Clavicle (left)—inferior surface. 
Fig. 13. 
Fig. 3. 
Carpus, Metacarpus, and Phalanges of 
Thumb (left)—posterior surface. 
Scapula—posterior and outer surface. 
a Os naviculare. 
b Os lunare. 
c Os triquetrum or cuneiforme. 
d Os pisiforme. 
e Os trapezium, 
f Os trapezoides. 
g Os magnum, 
h Os unciforme. 
i Metacarpal bones, 
k Bases of metacarpal bones. 
1 Heads of metacarpal bones, 
m Sesamoid bones. 
a Supra-spinatus fossa, 
b Infra-spinatus fossa, 
c Spine. 
d Acromion process, 
e Articular surface for clavicle, 
f Coracoid process, 
g Supra-scapular notch, 
h Superior margin, 
i Superior posterior angle, 
k Base or posterior margin. 
1 Inferior angle, 
m Anterior inferior margin, 
n Anterior angle or condyle, 
o Neck, 
p Glenoid cavity. 
Fig. 8. 
a Olecranon process, 
b Coronoid process, 
c Greater sigmoid notch, 
d Body, 
e Internal angle, 
f External angle, 
g Capitulum. 
h Styloid process. 
Ulna—posterior view. 
Pig. 9. 
Carpus, Metacarpus, and Phalanges of 
Thumb (left)—anterior surface, 
a—h as in Fig. 13. 
i Hamular process of unciform bone, 
k Metacarpal bones. 
1 Bases of metacarpal bones, 
m Heads of metacarpal bones. 
Fig. 14. 
Ulna—anterior view. 
Scapula—anterior, internal, or concave 
surface. 
Fig. 4. 
a Olecranon, 
b Coronoid process, 
c Greater sigmoid fossa, 
d Lesser sigmoid fossa, 
e Body, 
f Capitulum. 
g Styloid process. 
a Subscapular fossa, 
b Anterior angle or condyle, 
c Glenoid cavity, 
d Margin or brim of glenoid cavity, 
e Acromion process. 
f Articular surface for acromial end of clav- 
icle. 
g Coracoid process, 
h Supra-scapular notch, 
i Superior margin, 
k Superior angle. 
1 Base or posterior margin, 
m Inferior angle, 
n Anterior margin, 
o Tubercle for origin of triceps muscle. 
Fig. 15. 
Fig. 10. 
Carpal Bones, (left) first row—superior or 
convex articular surface. 
Radius—anterior view. 
a Os naviculare. 
b Os lunare. 
c Os triquetrum, 
d Os pisiforme. 
e Os trapezium, 
f Os unciforme. 
g Eminence of radial carpus (1). 
h Eminence of radial carpus (2). 
i Eminence of ulnar carpus (1). 
k Eminence of ulnar carpus (2). 
a Capitulum. 
b Glenoid cavity, 
c Articular border, 
d Neck, 
e Tuberosity, 
f Body. 
g Inferior extremity, 
h Styloid process, 
i Ulnar fossa, 
k Inferior glenoid cavity. 
1 Inner margin or crest. 
Fig. 5. 
Carpal Bones, (left) second row—inter- 
carpal articular surface. 
Fig. 18. 
Scapula—front view of anterior margin. 
a Glenoid cavity, 
b Brim of cavity, 
c Anterior margin, 
d Inferior angle, 
e Spine. 
E Acromion, 
g Supra-spinatus fossa, 
h Superior angle, 
i Coracoid process, 
k Tuberosity for long head of biceps. 
1 Subscapular fossa. 
Fig. 11. 
a Os trapezium, 
b Os trapezoides. 
c Os magnum, 
d Os unciforme. 
e Hamular process of unciform bone. 
a Capitulum. 
b Articular border, 
c Neck, 
d Body, 
e Crest. 
f Inferior extremity, 
g Styloid process, 
h Ulnar fossa, 
i Glenoid cavity. 
Radius—posterior view. 
Fig. 17. 
Carpal bones, (left) first row—inferior 
articular surface 
a Os naviculare. 
b Os lunare. 
c Os triquetrum, 
d Os pisiforme. 
Humerus (left)—posterior view. 
Fig. 6. 
Fig. 12. 
a Head of humerus, 
b ' Greater tuberosity, 
c Neck (anatomical), 
d Body, 
e External ridge, 
f Internal ridge, 
g Internal condyle, 
h External condyle, 
i Trochlea. 
k Posterior olecranon fossa. 
Bones of Hand (right)—posterior or 
dorsal surface. 
Fig. 18. 
A. Carpus. 
B. Metacarpus. 
C. Fingers—phalanges, 
a Os naviculare. 
b Os lunare. 
c Os triquetrum or cuneiforme. 
d Os trapezium, 
e Os trapezoides. 
Carpal bones, (left) second row—digital 
surface. 
a Os trapezium, 
b Os trapezoides. 
c Os magnum, 
d Os unciforme. 
e Hamular process of unciform bone, 
f Os pisiforme. Tab V. 
rig i- 
Pig. 2. 
Eig. 5. 
Fig'. 4. 
Eg-. 3. 
Eig.7. 
Pig'. G. 
Pig. 8. 
Fig. 9. 
Fig.ll. 
Tig-10. 
fig'. 12. 
Fig'. 13. 
Tig. 14 
rig. is. 
Fig. IS 
2. 
T'ig.n. 
YxglG. 
MraaLse f / '.ltzner sc. Leipzig PLATE VI. 
BONES OF LOWER EXTREMITIES. 
Os Femoris, Femur (left)—anterior 
surface. 
Fig. 1. 
e Inter-condyloid eminence, 
f Articular surface for head of fibula, 
g Tubercle, 
h Body, 
i Spine or crest, 
k Fossa for external malleolus. 
1 Inferior articular surface for astragalus, 
m Internal malleolus, 
n Inner surface, 
o Outer surface. 
Bones of Foot (right)—inferior or plantar 
surface. 
Fig. 10. 
a Head. 
b Fossa for ligamentum teres, 
c Neck. 
d Trochanter major, 
e Trochanter minor, 
f Anterior inter-trochanteric line, 
g Body. 
h External condyle, 
i Internal condyle, 
k Articular surface for patella. 
a—o as in Fig. 9, 
Tarsal and Metatarsal Bones (left)—upper 
or dorsal surface. 
Pig. 11. 
I. Astragalus, 
a Body, 
b Neck, 
c Head. 
d Superior tibial articular surface. 
11. Os calcis. 
e Body, 
f Tuberosity, 
g Anterior process, 
h Superior articular surface for astra- 
galus, 
i Sustentaculum. 
k Lateral articular surface for astra- 
galus. 
1 Anterior articular surface for os 
naviculare. 
111. Os naviculare. 
m Tuberosity for tendon of tibialis pos- 
ticus. 
IV. Internal cuneiform bone. 
V. Middle cuneiform bone. 
VI. External cuneiform bone. 
VII. Os cuboides. 
n Metatarsal bones (body), 
o Bases of metatarsal bones, 
p Capitula of metatarsal bones, 
q Tuberosity of fifth metatarsal bone, 
r Sesamoid bones of great toe. 
Fig. 6. 
a—f as in Fig. 5. 
g Oblique line, 
h Body. 
i Internal malleolus, 
k Fibular fossa. 
1 Articular surface for astragalus. 
Tibia (left)—posterior surface. 
Os Femoris, Femur (left)—posterior 
surface. 
Fig. 2. 
a—e as in Fig. 1; 
f Posterior inter-trochanteric line, 
g Superior oblique lines of linea aspera. 
h Linea aspera. 
i Inferior oblique line of linea aspera. 
k Body. 
1 Popliteal fossa, 
m External condyle, 
n Internal condyle, 
o Inter-condyloid fossa. 
Fibula (left)—anterior surface. 
Fig. 7. 
a Capitulum or head, 
b Superior articular surface, 
c Body. 
d External malleolus, 
e Tibial surface, 
f Astragalean articular surface. 
Fig. 3. 
Patella (left)—anterior surface. 
Fig. 8. 
a Base, 
b Body, 
c Apex. 
d Internal margin, 
e External margin. 
Fibula (left)—posterior surface, 
a—f as in Fig. 7. 
Fig. 9. 
Fig. 12. 
Fig. 4. 
Bones of Foot (right)—upper or dorsal 
surface. 
Tarsal and Metatarsal Bones (left)—under 
or plantar surface. 
Patella (left)—posterior or articular 
surface. 
I.—VII. as in Fig. 11. 
a—c as in Fig. 11. 
d Inferior articular surface for body of os 
calcis. 
e Anterior articular surface for interior pro- 
cess of os calcis. 
f Astragalean groove, 
g Body of os calcis. 
h Tuberosity of os calcis. 
i Anterior process of os calcis. 
k Anterior articular surface of os calcis. 
1 Sustentaculum of os calcis. 
m Cuboid groove for peroneus longus tendon, 
n—r as in Fig. 11. 
s Plantar tubercle of first metatarsal bone, 
t Tuber of os naviculare. 
a Base, 
b Apex. 
c Internal margin, 
d External margin, 
e Articular surface. 
a Astragalus, 
b Os calcis. 
c Os naviculare. 
d Internal cuneiform, 
e Middle cuneiform, 
f External cuneiform, 
g Os cuboides. 
h First metatarsal, 
i Metatarsal bones, 
k First phalanx of great toe. 
1 Second phalanx of great toe. 
m 1 First phalanges, 
n Second phalanges, 
o Third or ungual phalanges. 
Tibia (left)—anterior and inner surface. 
Fig. 5. 
a Internal condyle, 
b External condyle, 
c Internal articular surface, 
d External articular surface. Tab Al. 
Fig.J. 
ng-.2. 
rigp. 
Fig-,3. 
Fig. 7. 
Fig. 8. 
Fig'.B. 
K ris-12- 
Fig-.il. 
n&.o. 
Fig.lo. 
Kranfseg: I‘lllznersc. Leipzig. PLATE YII. 
LIGAMENTS OF HEAD, TRUNK, AND UPPER 
EXTREMITIES. 
Ligaments of the Yertehrse, Sternal end 
of Ribs, Pelvis, and Ilio-femoral artic- 
ulation—anterior surface. 
Fig. 1. 
d Ramus of inferior maxilla, 
e Condyloid process of maxilla, 
f Angle of maxilla. 
1. Capsular ligament. 
2. Internal lateral ligament. 
5. Coraco-acromial ligament. 
6. Transverse ligament of scapula. 
7. Capsular ligament of shoulder-joint. 
8. Tendon of long head of biceps. 
9. Glenoid ligament. 
a Body of sphenoid bone, 
b Temporal bones, 
c Atlas or first vertebra, 
d Transverse process of atlas, 
e Dentata or second vertebra, 
f Seventh cervical vertebra, 
g First dorsal vertebra, 
h Last dorsal vertebra., 
i Spinal end of first rib. 
k Spinal end of twelfth rib. 
1 First lumbar vertebra, 
m Last lumbar vertebra, 
n Os sacrum, 
o Os coccygis. 
p Os ilium, 
q Crest of ilium, 
r Anterior superior spine of ilium, 
s Anterior inferior spine of ilium, 
t- Horizontal ramus of pubes, 
u Descending ramus of pubes, 
v Symphysis pubis, 
w Ascending ramus of ischium, 
x Tuber ischii. 
y Descending ramus of ischium. 
(For bones of pelvis vide Plate III.) 
1. Anterior intervertebral ligament. 
2. Anterior occipito-atlantoid ligament. 
3. Intervertebral fibro-cartilage. 
4. Intertransverse ligaments. 
5. Posterior costo-vertebral ligaments. 
6. Internal costo-transverse ligaments. 
7. External costo-transverse ligaments. 
8. Posterior intercostal ligaments. 
9. Lumbo-costal ligaments. 
10. Superior ilio-lumbar ligaments. 
11. Inferior ilio-lumbar ligaments. 
12. Anterior ilio-sacral ligaments. 
13. Lesser sciatic ligaments. 
14. Anterior sacro-coccygeal ligament. 
15. Obturator ligaments. 
j- Capsular ligament of hip. 
18. Accessory ligaments of hip. 
19. Bursa mucosa of iliacus internus 
muscle. 
20. Sub-pubic ligament. 
21. Inter-pubic ligament. 
Eigs. 4 & 5. 
Pigs. 10 & lla 
Internal Ligaments connecting Occipital 
Bone with Dentata and of the articu- 
lation between Atlas and Dentata— 
posterior view, the posterior half arches 
of these bones having been removed. 
Ligaments of left Elbow-joint—anterior- 
left surface (Pig. 10) ; posterior surface 
(Fig. 11). 
a Os humeri, 
b External condyle, 
c Internal condyle, 
d Trochlea, 
e Radius, 
f Neck ) 
g Head >of radius, 
h Tubercle ) 
i Ulna, 
k Olecranon, 
1. Capsular ligament. 
2. External lateral ligament. 
3. Internal lateral ligament. 
4. Orbicular ligament of radius. 
5. Oblique ligament of radio-ulnar articu- 
lation. 
6. Interosseous ligament. 
a Os occipitis. 
b Atlas, 
c Dentata. 
d Odontoid process. 
1. Posterior longitudinal ligament. 
2. Apparatus ligamentosus. 
3. Crucial ligament. 
4. 4. Transverse portion )Qf crucial H 
5. Superior appendix V , 
6. Inferior appendix ) 
7. 7. Lateral inferior ligaments of odontoid 
process. 
8. 8. Lateral superior ligaments of odontoid 
process. 
9. Capsular ligament between atlas and 
occipital bone. 
10. Lateral occipito-transverse ligament. 
11. Capsular ligament between atlas and 
dentata. 
12. Suspensory ligament of odontoid pro- 
cess. 
Eig. 12. 
Ligaments of Left Wrist-joint and Hand. 
a Lower end of radius, 
b Lower end of ulna, 
c Styloid process of radius, 
d Styloid process of ulna, 
e Os naviculare, 
f Os lunare. 
g Os triquetrum, 
g Os trapezium, 
i Os trapezoides. 
k Os magnum. 
1 Os unciforme. 
1. Interosseous ligament. 
2. Internal lateral ligament. 
3. External lateral ligament. 
4. Posterior radio-carpal ligament. 
5. Posterior superficial carpal ligaments. 
6. Posterior deep carpal ligaments. 
7. Internal lateral ligament of carpus. 
8. Proper ligaments of carpus. 
9. Dorsal carpo-metacarpal ligaments. 
10. 10. Dorsal ligaments of metacarpal bases. 
11. 11. External lateral ligaments of fingers. 
12. Internal lateral ligaments of fingers. 
Ligaments of Sternoclavicular and Sterno- 
costal articulations with anterior In- 
tercostal Ligaments—anterior surface 
(Fig. 6) ; posterior surface (Fig. 7). 
Figs, 6 & 7, 
a Sternal end of clavicle, 
b First bone of sternum, 
c Body of sternum, 
d Ensiform process, 
e First rib. 
f Seventh rib. 
g First false or eighth rib. 
1. Interclavicular ligament. 
2. Internal capsular ligament of sterno- 
clavicular articulation. 
3. Rhomboid ligament. 
4. 4. Ligamenta coruscantia. 
5. Anterior proper sternal ligament. 
6. Posterior proper sternal ligament. 
7. 7. Radiated ligaments of costal cartilages 
(anterior and posterior). 
8. Costo-xiphoid ligaments. 
Fig. 2. 
Ligaments of right Temporo-maxillary 
articulation—external surface. 
a Temporal bone, 
b Meatus auditorius externus. 
c Zygomatic arch, 
d Ramus of inferior maxilla, 
e Condyloid process of maxilla, 
f Coronoid process of maxilla, 
g Angle of maxilla, 
h Styloid process. 
1. Capsular ligament. 
2. External lateral ligament. 
3. Stylo-maxillary ligament. 
4. Stylo-hyoid ligament. 
Eig. 13. 
Ligaments of Left Wrist-joint and Hand 
—anterior surface. 
Ligaments of Shoulder-joint and scapulo- 
clavicular articulation. 
Eigs. 8 & 9. 
a—l as in Fig. 12. 
m Hamnlar process, 
n Os pisiforme. 
1. Interosseous ligament. 
2—3. Anterior radio-carpal ligaments. 
4. Lateral radial ligament. 
5. Lateral ulnar ligament. 
6. Triangular cartilage. 
7. 7. Anterior proper carpal ligaments. 
8. 8. Anterior carpo-metacarpal ligaments. 
9. 9. Anterior inter-metacarpal ligament. 
10. 10. Anterior ligament of metacarpo-pha- 
langeal articulation. 
11. 11. External lateral ligaments of metacar- 
po-pbalangeal articulation. 
12. Internal lateral ligaments of metacar- 
po-phalangeal articulation. 
a Acromial end of clavicle, 
b Acromion, 
c Scapula, 
d Coracoid process, 
e Glenoid cavity, 
f Spine of scapula, 
g Os humeri, 
h Head of os humeri, 
i Greater tuberosity of humerus. 
1. Claviculo-acromial ligament. 
2. External capsular ligament of clavicle. 
3. Trapezoid ligament } or coraco-clavic- 
4. Conoid ligament. ) ular ligament. 
Fig. 3. 
Ligaments of right Temporo-maxillary 
articulation—internal surface. 
a Temporal bone, 
b Sphenoid bone, 
c Pterygoid process. Fig;!. 
Tal) VII, 
Kg*. 5. 
Fi§-.4. 
Pig-2. 
Fig'S 
Fig-. 8. 
Fig-. 9. 
Fig; 10. 
Fig: II 
Fig; (i. 
Pis’- 
Fig; 17.. 
Pig; 12. 
.Rraa/se <j- litz.7ie.v sc.Leipzig. PLATE YIII. 
LIGAMENTS OF SPINE, PELVIS, AND JOINTS OF 
INFERIOR EXTREMITIES. 
Fig. 1 
Fig. 4. 
Ligaments of Cervical Vertebrae—poste- 
rior surface, and anterior of spinal canal, 
of dor-sal spines, and costo-vertebral 
articulations. 
Ligaments of Left Knee-joint—internal 
anterior view. 
Ligaments of Left Foot—internal surface. 
Fig. 7. 
a Os femoris. 
b Internal condyle of femur, 
c External condyle of femur, 
d Articular surface for patella, 
e Tibia. 
f Internal condyle of tibia, 
g External condyle of tibia, 
h Tuberosity of tibia, 
i Fibula, 
k Head of fibula. 
1 Inter-condyloid eminence. 
1. External semilunar cartilage. 
2. Internal semilunar cartilage. 
3. Anterior crucial ligament. 
4. Posterior crucial ligament. 
5. Internal lateral ligament. 
6. Capsular ligament of head of fibula. 
7. Interosseous membrane of leg. 
a Tibia, 
b Fibula. 
c Malleolus internus. 
d Astragalus, 
e Os calcis. 
f Tuberosity of os calcis. 
g Sustentaculum, 
h Os cuboides. 
i Os naviculare. 
k Internal cuneiform bone. 
1 Middle cuneiform bone, 
m Metatarsal bone of great toe. 
n Base of first metatarsal bone, 
o Lesser head of first metatarsal bone, 
p First phalanx of great toe. 
q Second phalanx of great toe. 
r Second toe. 
1. Internal lateral or deltoid ligament. 
2. Posterior ligament of ankle. 
3. Posteriorastragalo-calcanean ligament. 
4. Plantar calcaneo-cuboid ligament. 
5. Dorsal astragalo-navicular ligament. 
6. Calcaneo-navicular ligament. 
7. Lateral naviculo-cuneiform ligament. 
8. Dorsal naviculo-cuneiform ligament (1). 
9. Dorsal naviculo-cuneiform ligament (2). 
10. Dorsal inter-cuneiform ligament. 
11. Dorsal ligament of base of first meta- 
tarsal bone. 
12. Plantar ligament. 
13. Internal lateral ligaments of toes. 
a Os occipitis. 
b Mastoid process, 
c Fossa for medulla oblongata, 
d Atlas 
e Transverse process of atlas, 
f Dentata. 
g—l Third to seventh cervical vertebra, 
m—p First to fourth dorsal vertebra, 
q—t First to fourth rib. 
1. Superior attachment of ligamentum 
posticum. 
2. Apparatus ligamentosus colli. 
3. Capsular ligament between occipital 
bone and atlas. 
4. Interspinal ligament. 
5. Posterior costo-transverse ligament. 
6. Internal and external ligaments of 
necks of ribs. 
Fig. 5. 
Fig. 2. 
Ligaments of Left Knee-joint—posterior 
surface. 
Posterior or Dorsal Ligaments of Spinal 
Column, Pelvis, and iliofemoral articu- 
lations. 
a Os femoris. 
b Internal condyle of femur, 
c External condyle of femur, 
d Inter-condyloid fossa, 
e Tibia. 
f External condyle of tibia, 
g Internal condyle of tibia, 
h Fibula. 
I—7 as in Fig. 4. 
a—c Tenth to last dorsal vertebra, 
d—h First to last lumbar vertebra, 
i—l Tenth to last rib. 
m Os sacrum. 
n Sacral opening of spinal canal, 
o Os coccygis. 
p Os ilium, 
q Os ischii. 
r Os pubis, 
s Os femoris. 
(For bones of pelvis vide Plate IV.) 
1. Inter-spinous ligaments. 
2. Posterior intercostal ligaments. 
8. Lumbo-costal ligaments. 
4. External transverse ligaments. 
5. Internal transverse ligaments. 
6. Superior ilio-lumbar ligament. 
7. Inferior ilio-lumbar ligament. 
8. Long ilio-sacral ligament. 
9. Short ilio-sacral ligament. 
10. Inferior ilio-sacral ligament. 
11. Posterior irregular ligaments. 
12. Posterior sacro-coccygeal ligaments. 
13. Greater sacro-sciatic ligament. 
14. Lesser sacro-sciatic ligament. 
15. Obturator ligament. 
16. Sub-pubic ligament. 
17. Capsular ligament of hip-joint. 
18. Transverse fibres of capsular ligament. 
19. Vertical fibres of capsular ligament, 
20. Falciform portion of great sacro-sciatic 
ligament. 
Fig. 8. 
Ligaments of Left Foot—external and 
dorsal surfaces. 
Ligaments of the Sole or Plantar surface 
of Left Foot. 
Fig. 6. 
a Fibula, 
b Tibia. 
c Malleolus externus. 
d Corpus of os calcis. 
e Tuber of os calcis. 
f Process of os calcis. 
g Os cuboides. 
h Astragalus, 
i Os naviculare. 
k Middle cuneiform bone. 
1 External cuneiform bone, 
m Internal cuneiform bone, 
n Tubercle of fifth metatarsal bone. 
1. Interosseous membrane of leg. 
2. Posterior tibio-fibular ligament. 
8. Anterior superior tibio-fibular ligament. 
4. Anterior inferior tibio-fibular ligament. 
5. External lateral ligament of ankle, pos- 
terior and middle portions. 
6. Posterior portion of external lateral 
ligament of ankle. 
7. Anterior portion of external lateral 
ligament of ankle. 
8. Tarsal apparatus ligamentosus. 
9. Dorsal calcaneo-cuboid ligament. 
10. Plantar calcaneo-cuboid ligament. 
11. Dorsal calcaneo navicular ligament. 
12. Dorsal astragalo navicular ligament. 
13. Dorsal cuboideo-navicular ligament. 
14. Dorsal naviculo-cuneiform ligament (3) 
15. Dorsal naviculo-cuneiform ligamem (2) 
16. Dorsal inter-cuneiform ligaments. 
11, Dorsal cuboideo-metatarsal ligament 
of fifth toe. 
18. Dorsal interosseous ligaments of tarsus 
and metatarsus. 
19. Dorsal ligaments of bases of metatarsal 
bones. 
20. External lateral ligaments of toes. 
a Corpus of os calcis. 
b Tuberosity of os calcis. 
c Anterior process of os calcis- 
d Astragalus, 
e Os naviculare. 
f Tuber of os naviculare. 
g Internal cuneiform bone, 
h Middle cuneiform bone, 
i External cuneiform bone, 
k Os cuboides. 
1 Plantar tubercle of first metacarpal bone, 
m Tuberosity of fifth metatarsal bone, 
n Metatarsal bones, 
o Lesser heads of metatarsal bones. 
1. Astragalo-calcanean ligaments. 
2. Calcaneo-cuboid or ligamentum lon- 
gum. 
3. Calcaneo-navicular ligament. 
4. Cuboideo-navicular ligament. 
5. Naviculo-cuneiform ligament. 
6. Cuboideo-cuneiform ligament. 
7. Inter-cuneiform ligaments. 
8. Cuboideo-metatarsal ligament of fifth 
toe. 
9. Cuneiforme-metatarsal ligament of : 
great toe. 
10. Ligaments of bases of metatarsal bones. 
11. Cuboideo-metatarsal ligaments. 
12. Ligaments of lesser heads of metatarsal 
bones. 
13. Fibro-cartilaginous sheaths for flexor | 
tendons. , 
14. Internal lateral ligaments of phalanges. 
15. External lateral ligaments of phalanges. 
16. Crucial ligaments. 
17. Inter sesamoid ligaments. 
Fig. 3. 
Ligaments of Left Knee-joint—internal 
and anterior surface. 
a Os femoris. 
b Internal condyle of femur, 
c Patella, 
d Tibia. 
e Tuberosity' of tibia, 
f Tendon of extensor communis. 
1. Ligamentum patellae. 
2. Interna] fibres of ligamentum patellae. 
3. Internal lateral ligament. 
4. Capsular ligament. Fig-. 5. 
Tab.VIII, 
Fig-. I. 
Fig. 5 
Fig-. 2. 
Fig--6- 
Fig-. 4. 
Fig-,7. 
1%. 8. 
h ran Is e. /. Lltzner sc. Leipzig. PLATE IX. 
MUSCLES OF HEAD AND NECK. 
Fig. 1. 
f Clavicle, 
g Scapula, 
h Acromion, 
i Coracoid process, 
k First rib. 
1 Manubrium stemi. 
m Body of os hyoides. 
n Greater bone of os hyoides. 
o Styloid process, 
p Thyroid cartilage, 
q Thyroid gland, 
r Trachea, 
s (Esophagus. 
1. Anterior belly of digastric. 
2. Posterior belly of digastric. 
3. Hyo-digastric membrane. 
4. Mylo-hyoideus. 
5. Hyo-glossus. 
6. Stylo-hyoid. 
7. The perforation of the stylo-hyoid 
muscle by the digastric tendon. 
8. Stylo-glossus. 
9. Stylo-pharyngeus. 
10. Middle constrictor of pharynx. 
11. Inferior constrictor of pharynx. 
12. Thyro-hyoid membrane. 
13. Thyro-hyoid muscle. 
14. Sterno-hyoid. 
15. Sterno-thyroid. 
16. Anterior belly of omo-hyoid. 
17. Posterior belly of omo-hyoid. 
18. Tendon of omo-hyoid. 
19. Longus colli. 
20. Rectus capitis anticus major. 
21. Scalenus anticus. 
22. Scalenus medius et posticus. 
23. Levator anguli scapulae. 
24. Splenius capitis. 
25. Sterno-cleido-mastoideus. 
26. Obliquus capitis superior. 
27. Obliquus capitis inferior. 
28. Trapezius v. cucullaris. 
29. Deltoideus. 
6. Stylo-hyoideus. 
7. Stylo-glossus. 
8. Stylo-pharyngeus. 
9. Genio-hyoideus. 
10. Thyro-hyoideus. 
11. Sterno-thyroid. 
12. Inferior constrictor of pharynx. 
13. Stemo-hyoid. 
14. Posterior belly of omo-hyoid. 
15. Anterior belly of omo-hyoid. 
16. Crico-thyroideus. 
17. Longus colli. 
18. Scalenus anticus. 
19. Scalenus medius. 
20. Scalenus posticus. 
21. Levator anguli scapulae. 
22. Splenius capitis. 
Muscles of Face and Neck—anterior 
surfaces. 
a Os f rontis. 
b External angular process of frontal bone, 
c Malar bone. 
d Zygomatic process of malar bone, 
e Superior maxilla, 
f Inferior maxilla, 
g Ala nasi, 
h Clavicle, 
i Inferior lip. 
k Superior eyelid. 
1 Inferior eyelid, 
m Internal palpebral ligament. 
1. Frontal portion of occipito-frontalis 
muscle. 
2. Tendon of occipito-frontalis muscle. 
3. Pyramidalis nasi. 
4. Orbicularis palpebrarum, upper portion, 
5. Orbicularis palpebrarum, lower portion. 
6. Corrugator supercilii. 
7. Levator labii superioris alseque nasi. 
8. Levator labii superioris proprius. 
9. Zygomaticus minor. 
10. Zygomaticus major. 
11. Levator anguli oris. 
12. Levator palpebrse superioris tendon. 
13. Buccinator. 
14. Orbicularis oris. 
15. Depressor anguli oris, or triangularis 
menti. 
16. Depressor labii inferioris, or quadratus 
menti. 
17. Levator menti. 
18. Masseter. 
19. Temporal. 
20. Stemo-cleido-mastoid. 
21. Clavicular origin of stemo-cleido-mas- 
toid. 
22. Sternal origin of sterno-cleido-mastoid. 
23. Stemo- hyoid. 
24. Sterno-thyroid. 
25. Anterior margin of trapezius. 
26. Omo-hyoid (anterior belly with poste- 
rior belly and tendon). 
27. Levator anguli scapulae. 
28. Scalenus anticus. 
29. Scalenus medius, 
30. Attrahens auris. 
31. Compressor naris. 
Fig. 4. 
Deep Muscles of right side of Neck. 
a Mastoid process, 
b Zygomatic arch, 
c Meatus auditorius externus. 
d Inferior maxilla, 
e Styloid process, 
f Transverse process of atlas, 
g Superior maxilla, 
h Os hyoides. 
i Larynx, 
k Trachea. 
1 Clavicle, 
m First rib. 
n Acromion, 
o Coracoid process, 
p (Esophagus, 
q Spine of scapula. 
1. Orbicularis oris. 
2. Buccinator. 
3. Superior constrictor of pharynx. 
4. Stylo-glossus. 
5. Stylo-pharyngeus. 
6. Middle constrictor of pharynx. 
7. Hyo-glossus. 
8. Mylo-hyoid. 
9. Thyro-hyoid. 
10. Inferior constrictor of pharynx. 
11. Thyro-hyoid membrane. 
12. Crico-thyroid muscle. 
13. Rectus capitis anticus major. 
14. Scalenus anticus. 
15. Scalenus medius. 
16. Scalenus posticus. 
17. Levator anguli scapulae. 
18. Splenius capitis. 
19. Serratus posticus superior. 
20. Ehomboideus superior. 
21. Trapezius v. cucullaris. 
22. Supraspinatus. 
23. Sterno-thyroid (upper portion thrown 
back). 
Fig. 3. 
Muscles of Neck—front view. 
a Inferior maxilla, 
b Os hyoides. 
c Larynx, 
d Thyroid gland, 
e Trachea, 
f Mastoid process, 
g Clavicle, 
h Manubrium sterni. 
i Lingualis muscle. 
1. Anterior belly of digastric. 
2. Posterior belly of digastric. 
3. Hyo-digastric membrane. 
4. Mylo-hyoideus. 
5. Hyo-glossus. 
Fig. 2. 
Muscles of Neck—lateral surface of right 
side. 
a Corpus of inferior maxilla, 
b Angle of inferior maxilla, 
c Ramus of inferior maxilla, 
d Mastoid process, 
e Occipital bone. Tab. IX. 
Fig,!. 
Fur. 2, 
0 
i*' i u'-4- - 
Kisr.s 
hraufse $ Eltzner sc. Leipzig. PLATE X. 
MUSCLES OF POSTERIOR PART OF NECK, TRUNK. 
PHARYNX, PALATE, INFERIOR MAYTTT.a 
AND TONGUE. 
Fig. 1. 
Fig. 3. 
3. Levator palati mollis. 
3. Circumflexus palati mollis. 
4. Azygos uvulas. 
5. Palato-pharyngeus. 
Muscles of back of Pharynx and Inferior 
Maxilla. 
Muscles of Tongue—lateral view of right 
side. 
a Basilar process, 
b Petrous portion of temporal bone, 
c Ramus of inferior maxilla, 
d Os hyoides (posterior cornua), 
e Thyroid cartilage, 
f Thyro-hyoid ligament, 
g (Esophagus, 
h Trachea, 
i Styloid process, 
k Stylo-maxillary ligament. 
1. Superior constrictor of pharynx. 
8. Middle constrictor of pharynx. 
3. Inferior constrictor of pharynx. 
4. Stylo-pharyngeus. 
5. Stylo-glossus. 
6. Mylo-hyoideus. 
7. Pterygoideus internus. 
8. Masseter. 
9. Buccinator. 
a Corpus of inferior maxilla, 
b Ramus of inferior maxilla, 
c Styloid process, 
d Os hyoides. 
e Larynx, 
f Tongue. 
1. Lingualis. 
8. Genio-glossns. 
3. Hyo-glossus. 
4. Stylo-glossus. 
5. Stylo-pharyngeus. 
6. Genio-hyoideus. 
7. Mylo-hyoideus. 
8. Thyro-hyoid membrane. 
Fig. 6. 
Muscles of posterior surface of Neck and 
upper part of Thorax beneath the tra- 
pezius muscle. 
a Occipital bone, 
b Superior semicircular line, 
c Mastoid process, 
d Atlas. 
e Seventh cervical vertebra, 
f First dorsal vertebra, 
g Eighth dorsal vertebra, 
h—l First to fifth true rib. 
m Ligamentum nuchas, 
n Ligamentum apicum. 
1. Splenius capitis. 
8. Splenius colli. 
3. Serratus posticus superior. 
4. Biventer cervicis. 
5. Complexus cervicis. 
6. Transversalis cervicis. 
7. Longissimus dorsi. 
Internal Muscles of Inferior Maxilla, with 
posterior view of Mouth and Nares. 
Fig. 4. 
a Body of sphenoid bone, 
b Petrous bone, 
c Condyle of inferior maxilla, 
d Ramus of inferior maxilla, 
e Body of inferior maxilla, 
f Hard palate, 
g Pterygoid process, 
h Posterior nares. 
1. Pterygoideus internus. 
8. Pterygoideus externus. 
3. Masseter. 
4. Mylo-hyoideus (divided). 
5. Genio-glossus (divided). 
6. Genio-hyoideus (divided). 
Fig. 2. 
Muscles of Palate and Throat—posterior 
view, the pharyngeal constrictors being 
divided and thrown back. Internal and 
posterior view of Nares, Fauces, and 
Larynx. 
Fig. 7. 
Deep Muscles of Neck and Back. 
a Basilar process, 
b Petrous bone, 
c Ramus of inferior maxilla, 
d Styloid process, 
e Posterior nares. 
f Condyle of inferior maxilla, 
g Base of tongue, 
h Epiglottis. 
i Posterior and upper border of cricoid car- 
tilage, 
k (Esophagus. 
1 Trachea. 
1. Constrictor pharyngis superior. 
8. Constrictor pharyngis medius. 
3. Constrictor pharyngis inferior. 
4. Azygos uvulas. 
5. Levator palati mollis. 
6. Circumflexus palati mollis. 
7. Crico-arytasnoideus posticus. 
8. Palato-pharyngeus. 
a Os occipitis. 
b Mastoid process. 
c Spinous process of seventh cervical ver- 
tebra, 
d First rib. 
e Last rib. 
f Os ilium. 
1. Biventer cervicis. 
3. Complexus cervicis. 
8. Trachelo-mastoideus. 
4. Transversalis cervicis. 
6. Cervicalis ascendehs. 
6. Lumbo-costalis. 
7. Longissimus dorsi. 
8. Sacro-lumbalis. 
9. Spinalis dorsi. 
10. Spinalis cervicis. 
11. Semispinalis dorsi. 
13. 13. Levatores costarum. 
13. 13. Intercostales. 
14. Obliquus capitis superior. 
Fig. 5. 
Muscles of Soft Palate—posterior and 
internal view. 
a Body of sphenoid bone, 
b Petrous bone, 
c Condyle of inferior maxilla, 
d Ramus of inferior maxilla, 
e Hard palate, 
f Pterygoid process, 
g Hamular process, 
h Posterior nares. 
i Eustachian tube. 
1. Pterygoideus externus. Tab.X. 
Fig.]. 
rig.2. 
Fig’,7. 
Fig.6. 
rig-,5. 
Rg.s, 
Kraufse g Eltzner sc. Leipzig. PLATE XI. 
MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK, ARMS, AND FEET. 
Fig, 1. 
29. Pyramidalis abdominis. 
80. Obliquus internus. 
31. Poupart’s ligament. 
32. External pillar of Poupart’s ligament. 
33. Internal pillar of Poupart’s ligament. 
34. External abdominal ring. 
85. Internal abdominal ring. 
36. Inguinal canal. 
37. Deltoid. 
38. Coraco-brachialis. 
39. Short head of biceps. 
40. Long head of biceps. 
41. Biceps flexor cubiti muscle and tendi- 
nous insertion. 
42 Subscapularis. 
43. Brachialis. 
44. Internal head of triceps. 
45. Pronator teres. 
46. Supinator longus. 
47. Elexor carpi radialis. 
48. Palmaris longus. 
49. Elexor carpi ulnaris. 
50. Flexores digitorum communes. 
51. Elexor pollicis longus. 
52. Anterior annular ligament of carpus. 
53. Abductor pollicis. 
54. Palmaris brevis. 
55. Adductor pollicis. 
56. Extensor carpi radialis longus. 
57. Extensor carpi radialis brevis. 
58. Extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis. 
59. Extensor primi internodii pollicis. 
60. Extensor secundi internodii pollicis. 
61. Extensor indicis. 
62. Extensor digitorum communis. 
63. Abductor indicis. 
64. Lumbricales. 
65. Abductor of little finger. 
66. Fascia lata femoris. 
67. External femoral ring. 
68. Falciform process of fascia lata. 
1. Flexor digitorum communis brevis v. 
perforates. 
2. Tendon of flexor digitorum communis 
perforans. 
8. Abductor pollicis pedis. 
4. Flexor brevis pollicis pedis. 
5. Abductor minimi digiti. 
6. Flexor brevis minimi digiti. 
7. Long flexor tendon of great toe. 
8. Lumbricales. 
Muscles of Face, Trunk, Arms, and upper 
part of Thighs—anterior view. 
a Occipito-frontalis tendon, 
b Malar bone, 
c Inferior maxilla, 
d Thyroid gland, 
e Trachea, 
f Clavicle. 
g Manubrium of sternum, 
h Body of sternum, 
i Coracoid process, 
k Acromion. 
1 First rib (cartilage), 
m Second rib (cartilage), 
n Third rib (cartilage), 
o Fourth rib (cartilage), 
p Symphysis pubis, 
q Anterior superior spine of ilium, 
r Os humeri, 
s Interclavicular ligament, 
t Khomboid ligament, 
u Ligamenta coruscantia. 
v Claviculo-acromial ligament, 
w Coraco-acromial ligament. 
1. Frontalis. 
2. Pyramidalis nasi. 
3. Attollens auris. 
4. Attrahens auris. 
5. Orbicularis palpebrarum. 
6. Levator labii superioris ahcquc nasi 
with compressor nasi. 
7. Levator labii superioris proprius. 
8. Zygomaticus minor. 
9. Zygomaticus major. 
10. Levator anguli oris. 
11. Masseter. 
12. Buccinator. 
13. Triangularis menti or depressor anguli 
oris. ■ 
14. Quadratus menti or depressor labii in- 
ferioris. 
15. Levator menti. 
16. Orbicularis oris. 
(For other muscles of face, vide Plate 
IX. Figs. 1 and 4.) 
17. Platysma-myoides or latissimus colli. 
18. Sterno-cleido-mastoideus. 
19. Sterno-hyoideus. 
20. Scaleni. 
(For muscles of neck, vide Plate IX. 
Figs. 2, 3, and 4.) 
21. Pectoralis major, clavicular and sternal 
portions. 
22. Pectoralis minor. 
28. Subclavian. 
24. Serratus magnus anticus. 
25. External oblique (abdominis). 
26. Linea alba. 
27. Rectus abdominis. 
28. Transverse aponeuroses of rectus ab- 
dominis. 
Second layer of Plantar Muscles of right 
Foot. 
Fig. 4. 
a Tuberosity of os calcis. 
b Tubercle of fifth metatarsal bone, 
c Tubercle of os naviculare. 
e External tarsal ligament, 
f Ligaments of lesser heads of metatarsus. 
1. Tendon of flexor communis perforana. 
2. Musculus accessorius. 
3. Lumbricales. 
4. Tendon of flexor longus pollicis pedis. 
5. Tendon of peroneus longus. 
6. Portion of abductor pollicis pedis, 
7. Flexor brevis pollicis pedis. 
8. Flexor brevis minimi digiti. 
9. Interosseus internus tertius. 
10. Transversalis pedis. 
Fig. 5. 
Third layer of Plantar Muscles of right 
Foot. 
a Tuberosity of os calcis. 
b Tubercle of fifth metatarsal bone, 
c Tubercle of os naviculare 
d Internal tarsal ligament, 
e Tendon of peroneus longus. 
1. Elexor brevis pollicis pedis. 
2. Adductor pollicis pedis. 
3. Transversalis pedis. 
4. Abductor digiti minimi. 
Fig. 2. 
Plantar Fascia or Aponeurosis of right 
Foot. 
a Origin from tuberosity of os calcis. 
b Centre or body of fascia, 
c Anterior five divisions of fascia, 
d Transverse connecting fibres, 
e Sheath of abductor and flexor brevis of 
great toe. 
f Sheath of abducto- and flexor brevis mini- 
mi digiti. 
g Deep transverse fibres of fascia. 
Fig. 6. 
Fourth layer of Plantar Muscles of rio-fit 
Foot. 
a Os calcis. 
b Astragalus. 
c Tuberosity of fifth metatarsal bone. 
1. Extensor brevis pollicis pedis. 
2. Extensor digitorum communis brevis. 
3. Interosseus externus (1). 
4. Interosseus extemus (2). 
5. Interosseus externus (3). 
6. Interosseus externus (4). 
7. Abductor digiti minimi. 
Fig. 3. 
Plantar Muscles, first layer—inferior 
surface, right Foot. 
a Tuberosity of os calcis. 
b Tubercle of fifth metatarsal bone, 
c Lesser head of first metatarsal bone. Fig. 3 
Fig. 4. 
Fig. 1 
Pig. 2. 
Tab. XI. 
Fig. G. 
Fig 5 
A Kraufse sc.Loipjvi PLATE XII. 
MUSCLES OF TRUNK, NECK, AND ARMS. 
(Posterior View, with some of Anterior Surface.) 
Fig. i. 
26. Gemellus superior. 
27. Obturator internus. 
28. Gemellus inferior. 
29. Quadratus femoris. 
30. Obturator externus. 
31. Vastus externus. 
32. Semimembranosus. 
33. Adductor magnus. 
34. Supraspinatus. 
35. Infraspinatus. 
36. Teres minor. 
37. Teres major. 
38. Deltoideus. 
39. Triceps brachii. 
40. Caput longum tricipitis brachii. 
41. Caput externum tricipitis brachii. 
42. Caput internum tricipitis brachii. 
43. Ancongeus. 
44. Brachialis internus. 
45. Supinator longus. 
46. Extensor digitorum communis. 
47. Extensor carpi ulnaris. 
48. Extensores carpi radiales. 
49. Extensor pollicis brevis. 
50. Abductor pollicis longus. 
51. Extensor pollicis longus. 
52. Flexor digitorum communis. 
d Transverse process of atlas, 
e Transverse process of dentata. 
f Spinous process of dentata. 
g Spinous process of cervical vertebras. 
1. Rectus capitis posticus minor. 
2. Rectus capitis posticus major. 
3. Obliquus capitis superior. 
4. Obliquus capitis inferior. 
5. Interspinales. 
6. Multifidus spinae (cervicis). 
Muscles of Trunk, Pelvis, upper part of 
Thighs, and Arms. 
a Occipito-frontalis tendon or aponeurosis, 
b Superior semicircular line of occiput, 
c Ramus of inferior maxilla, 
d Spinous process of cervical vertebras, 
e Spinous processes of dorsal vertebrae, 
f Spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae, 
g Os sacrum, 
h Crest of ilium, 
i Tuber ischii. 
k Os ischium. 
1 Os ilium, 
m Trochanter major, 
n Clavicle, 
o Spine of scapula, 
p Base of scapula, 
q Acromion. 
r External tuberosity of humerus, 
s Humerus, 
t Olecranon process, 
u Internal condyle of humerus, 
v External condyle of humerus, 
w Ulna. 
x Anterior annular ligament of wrist, 
y Posterior annular ligament of wrist, 
z Last rib. 
1. Frontalis. 
2. Orbicularis palpebrarum. 
3. Attollens auris. 
4. Retrahentes auris. 
5. Attrahens auris. 
6. Masseter. 
7. Occipitales 
8. Sterno-cleido-mastoideus. 
9. Splenius capitis. 
10. Splenius colli. 
11. Complexus cervicis. 
12. Levator anguli scapulae. 
13. Trapezius. 
14. llhomboideus minor. 
15. llhomboideus major. 
16. Latissimus dorsi. 
17. Serratus posticus inferior. 
18. Serratus anticus major. 
19. Intercostales externi. 
20. Sapro-lumbalis. 
21. Obliquus abdominis externus. 
22. Obliquus abdominis internus. 
23. Glutseus maximus (divided). 
24. Glut tens medius. 
25. Pyriformis. 
Fig. 4. 
Tendons and Tendinous Sheaths on 
posterior surface of Carpus. 
a Ulna, 
b Radius. 
c Posterior common ligament of carpus, 
d Carpus- 
1. Fibrous septum between abdu uor lon- 
gus and extensor brevis pollicis. 
2. Fibrous septum between extensor carpi 
radialis longus and brevis. 
3. Fibrous septum for extensor pollicis 
longus. 
4. Fibrous septum between extensor digi- 
torum communis and extensor in- 
dicis. 
5. Fibrous septum for extensor minimi 
digiti. 
6. Fibrous septum for extensor carpi ul- 
naris. 
Fig. 2. 
Deep Muscles of Neck—anterior view. 
a Body of sphenoid bone, 
b Petrous portion of temporal bone, 
c Anterior tubercle of atlas, 
d Transverse process of atlas, 
e First dorsal vertebra, 
f First rib. 
g Second rib. 
1. Longus colli. 
2. Rectus capitis anticus major. 
3. Rectus capitis anticus minor. 
4. Rectus capitis lateralis. 
5. Scalenus anticus. 
6. Scalenus medius. 
7. Scalenus posticus. 
8. Intertransversarii. 
Fig. 5. 
Tendons and Tendinous Aponeuroses of 
right Wrist and Hand—anterior sur- 
face. 
a Radius, 
b Os pisiforme. 
c Muscular mass of thumb, 
d Muscular mass of little finger, 
1. Palmaris brevis. 
2. Palmaris longus. 
3. Anterior annular ligament of carpus. 
4. Anterior proper carpal ligament. 
5. Palmar fascia or aponeurosis. 
6. Terminations of palmar aponeurosis. 
7. Transverse palmar ligaments. 
8. Sheaths of long flexor tendons. 
9. Flexor carpi ulnaris tendon. 
10. Flexor carpi radialis tendon. 
Fig. 3. 
Deep Muscles of back of Neck. 
a Occipital bone, 
b Mastoid process, 
c Posterior tubercle of atlas. lab. XII. 
Fig-.a 
Figl 
Fig-2 
fig.4. 
Fig.s. 
Krau fKU nr r sr. I, e/ j. PLATE XIII. 
MUSCLES OF TRUNK, PERINEUM, FOREARM, 
AND HAND. 
6. Coccygeus. 
7. Adductor longus. 
8. Gracilis. 
9. Adductor magnus. 
10. Glutseus maximus. 
14. Adductor pollicis. 
15. Fibrous sheaths for extensor tendons. 
Deep Muscles of Abdomen, Diaphragm, 
and Pelvis. 
Fig. 1. 
Fig. 5. 
a Inferior border of thorax, 
b Xiphoid process. 
c Cut edges of oblique and transversalis 
muscles, 
d Symphysis pubis, 
e Horizontal ramus of pubes, 
f Lumbar vertebrae, 
g Os sacrum, 
h Os coccygis.’ 
i Crest of ilium. 
1. Costal or muscular portion of dia- 
phragm. 
2. Tendon of diaphragm. 
3. Internal crus or pillar of diaphragm. 
4. Middle crus or pillar of diaphragm. 
5. External crus or pillar of diaphragm. 
6. Opening for vena cava. 
7. (Esophageal opening. 
8. Aortic opening. 
9. Psoas major. 
10. Psoas minor. 
11. Quadratus lumborum. 
12. Transversalis and fascia transversalis. 
13. Iliacus intemus. 
14. Pyriformis. 
15. Levator ani. 
16. Sartorius. 
17. Rectus femoris. 
18. Pectinseus. 
19. Adductor longus. 
20. Tensor fasciae latae. 
21. Glutseus medius. 
First or superficial layer of Palmar Mus- 
cles of right Hand, beneath Palmar 
Aponeurosis. 
Fig. 3. 
Deep Muscles of right Forearm and Hand 
—anterior or palmar surface. 
a Os pisiforme. 1 
b Anterior annular ligament of carpus, 
c Os metacarpi pollicis. 
1. Abductor pollicis brevis. 
2. Plexor pollicis brevis. 
3. Opponens pollicis. 
4. Adductor pollicis. 
5. Plexor pollicis longus. 
6. Abductor digiti minimi. 
7. Flexor brevis digiti minimi. 
8. Flexores digitorum communes. 
9. Tendons of flexor digitum sublimis or 
perforatus. 
10. Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus 
or perforans. 
11. Lumbricalis (1). 
12. Lumbricalis (2). 
13. Lumbricalis (3). 
14. Lumbricalis (4). 
15. Tendon of flexor carpi radialis. 
16. Pronator quadratus. 
17. Flexor carpi ulnaris. 
18. Interosseus externus (1), 
a Lower end of humerus, 
b External condyle of humerus, 
c Internal condyle of humerus, 
d Capitulum or lesser head of radius, 
e Neck of radius, 
f Styloid process of radius, 
g Styloid process of ulna, 
h Os pisiforme. 
i Hamular process, 
k Interosseous membrane. 
1. Plexor pollicis longus. 
2. Plexor digitorum communis profundus 
s. perforans. 
3. Pronator quadratus. 
4. Adductor pollicis. 
5. Interosseus internus (2). 
6. Interosseus intemus (3). 
Fig. 4. 
Deep Muscles of right Forearm and Hand 
—posterior surface. 
Fig. 6. 
Deep Palmar Muscles of left Hand. 
a Lower end of humerus, 
ta External condyle of humerus, 
c Internal condyle of humerus, 
d Olecranon process, 
e Lesser head of radius, 
f Radius, 
g Ulna, 
h Carpus. 
1. Brachialis intemus. 
2. Anconama. 
3. Supinator brevis. 
4. Extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis. 
5. Extensor primi internodii pollicis. 
6. Extensor secundi internodii pollicis. 
7. Extensor proprius indicis. 
8. Extensores carpi radiales. 
9. Plexor carpi ulnaris. 
10. Interosseus externus (1). 
11. Interosseus externus (2). 
12. Interosseus externus (3). 
13. Interosseus externus (4). 
a Styloid process of radius, 
b Os pisiform e. 
c Carpal ligament. 
1. Pronator quadratus. 
2. Opponens pollicis. 
3. Adductor pollicis. 
4. Opponens digit! minimi. 
5. Interosseus externus (1) abductor in- 
dicis. 
6. Interosseus internus (1) adductor in- 
dicis. 
7. Interosseus internus (3) adductor digiti 
minimi. 
8. Interosseus externus (4) abductor digiti 
quarti. 
9. Interosseus internus (8) adductor digiti 
quarti. 
10. Interosseus externus (3) abductor digiti 
medii internus. 
11. Interosseus externus (2) abductor digiti 
medii externus. 
Fig. 2. 
Muscles of Ano-Perineal region and upper 
part of Thigh. 
a Tuber ischii. 
b Ramus ascendens iscbii. 
c Great sacro-sciatic ligament, 
d Os coccygis. 
e Corpus spongiosum urethree, 
f Corpus cavernosura penis, 
g Anus, 
h Penis, 
i Spermatic cord. 
1. Accelerator urinse or ejaculator seminis. 
2. Erector penis. 
3. Transversus perina3i. 
4. Sphincter ani externus. 
5. Levator ani. I ill) /111, 
rie.l. 
1 i g-.4. 
Fig. 5. 
Fiii-,2. 
Fig'. 6 
Fig. 5. 
hruufse heipzio. PLATE XIY. 
MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR AND EXTERNAL 
SURFACES OF PELVIS AND LOWER 
EXTREMITIES. 
Fig. 1. 
6. Psoas major. 
7. Pectinaeus. 
8. Sartorius. 
9. Adductor longus. 
10. Rectus femoris. 
11. Tendo communis extensorius. 
12. Ligamentum patellae. 
13. Vastus internus. 
14. Vastus externus. 
14*. Tendinous portion of vastus externus. 
15. Gracilis. 
16. Adductor magnus. 
17. Tibialis anticus. 
18. Extensor longus pollicis pedis. 
19. Extensor digitorum communis longus. 
20. Peronaeus tertius. 
21. Peronaeus longus brevis. 
22. Gastrocnemius. 
23. Soleus. 
24. Extensor brevis pollicis pedis. 
25. Extensor digitorum communis brevis. 
c External condyles of knee-joint, 
d Tibia, 
e Patella. 
f Anterior annular ligament of ankle, 
g External portion of annular ligament, 
h Tuberosity of fifth metatarsal bone. 
1. Tensor fasciae latse. 
2. Fascia lata. 
3. Glutaeus medius. 
4. Glutaeus maximus. 
5. Sartorius. 
6. Rectus femoris. 
7. Vastus externus. 
8. Biceps femoris (caput longum). 
9. Caput breve bicipitis femoris. 
10. Tibialis anticus. 
11. Extensor digitorum communis longus. 
12. Extensor longus pollicis pedis. 
18. Peronaeus tertius v. parvus. 
14. Peronaeus longus v. primus. 
15. Peronaeus brevis v. secundus. 
16. Sheaths of long and short peronaeal 
tendons. 
17. Soleus. 
18. Gastrocnemius. 
19. Tendo Achillis. 
20. Extensor digitorum communis brevis. 
21. Abductor digiti minimi. 
Muscles of anterior surface of Lower 
Extremities. 
a Orest of ilium. 
b Anterior superior spinous process, 
c Trochanter major, 
d Symphysis pubis, 
e Trochanter minor, 
f Patella, 
g Tuberosity of tibia, 
h Tibia. 
i Malleolus internus. 
k Malleolus ext emus. 
1 Anterior annular ligament of ankle-joint, 
m Fibula, 
n Linea alba, 
o Poupart’s ligament. 
p Internal pillar of external abdominal ring, 
q External pillar of external abdominal ring, 
r External abdominal ring, 
s Internal abdominal ring, 
t Posterior boundary of inguinal canal. 
1. Obliquus abdominis externus. 
2. Transversalis abdominis. 
3. Tensor fasciae latse. 
4. Glutaeus medius. 
5. Iliacus internus. 
Fig. 2. 
Muscles on external surface of right side 
of Pelvis and Lower Extremity. 
a Crest of ilium, 
b Anterior superior spine of ilium. Tab. XT\ 
Fig-. 2 
Yig 1 
• t* ?r.Leipzig PLATE XV. 
MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR AND INNER 
SURFACES OF PELVIS AND LOWER 
EXTREMITIES. 
Fig. 1. 
14. Adductor magnus. 
15. Openings in adductor magnus for 
branches of perforating artery and 
profunda femoris vein. 
15.* Inferior opening of Hunter’s canal. 
16, 16. Gracilis. 
17. Sartorius. 
18. Vastus externus. 
19. Poplitseus. 
20. Gastrocnemius. 
21. Caput externum gastrocnemii. 
22. Caput internum gastrocnemii. 
23. Plantaris. 
24. Tendo plantaris. 
25. Tendo Achillis. 
26. Soleus. 
27. Peronseus longus. 
28. Peronseus brevis. 
29. Flexor pollicis pedis longus. 
30. Tibialis posticus. 
31. Flexor communis digitorum pedis lon- 
gus. 
h Lesser sacro-sciatic ligament, 
i Great sciatic notch, 
k Lesser sciatic notch. 
1 Eamus descendens pubis, 
m Ramus ascendens ischii. 
n Anterior sacral foramina, 
o Tuber ischii. 
p Internal condyles of knee-joint, 
q Patella. 
r Internal surface of tibia, 
s Internal malleolus. 
t Internal portion of annular ligament of 
ankle-joint, 
u Glutasus maximus. 
1. Psoas major. 
2. Iliacus internus. 
3. Obturator internus. 
4. Pyriformis. 
5. Sartorius. 
6. Adductor longusv. primus. 
7. Gracilis. 
8. Yastus internus. 
9. Eectus femoris. 
10. Adductor magnus v. tertius. 
11. Semimembranosus. 
12. Semitendinosus. 
13. Gastrocnemius (caput internum). 
14. Soleus. 
15. Tendo Achillis. 
16. Flexor digitorum communis longus per 
forans. 
17. Flexor pollicis pedis longus. 
18. Tibialis posticus. 
19. Tendo tibialis antici. 
20. Tendo extensoris pollicis pedis longi. 
21. Adductor pollicis pedis. 
Muscles of posterior surfaces of Pelvis and 
Lower Extremities. 
a Crest of ilium, 
b Os ilium, 
c Os coccygis. 
d Tuber ischii. 
e Ramus ascendens of ischium, 
f Ramus descendens of pubes, 
g Trochanter major, 
h Os sacrum. 
i Lesser sacro-sciatic ligament, 
k Greater sacro-sciatic ligament. 
1 Linea aspera. 
m Os femoris. 
n Popliteal fossa, 
o Fibula. 
p Malleolus extemus. 
q Malleolus internus. 
r Tendo Achillis. 
s Oblique line of tibia. 
1. Glutaaus maximus. 
2. Glutasus medius. 
3. Pyriformis. 
4. Gemellus superior. 
5. Obturator internus. 
6. Gemellus inferior. 
7. Quadratus femoris. 
8. Obturator externus. 
9. Caput longum bicipitis femoris. 
10. Caput breve bicipitis femoris. 
11. Tendo bicipitis femoris. 
12. Semitendinosus. 
13. Semimembranosus. 
Fig. 2. 
Muscles of inner surface of Pelvis, Thigh, 
Leg, and Foot. 
a Crest of ilium, 
b Os sacrum, 
c Os coccygis. 
d Linea innominata interna, 
e Symphysis pubis, 
f Foramen obturatorium. 
g Great sacro-sciatic ligament. Tigl. 
Tell. x\: 
%2- 
A r.'-iml'v f.-it>7,iff PLATE XVI. 
THE HEART, ITS CAVITIES AND VALVES. 
Fig. 1. 
h Arteria pulmonaris. 
i Aorta ascendens. 
k Eight ventricle. 
1 Left ventricle, 
m Apex cordis, 
n Septum ventriculorum. 
o Opening of pulmonary artery, 
p Opening of aorta. 
q Tricuspid or right auriculo-ventricular 
valve. 
r Bicuspid or left auriculo-ventricular valve, 
s Chordae tendineae. 
t Musculi pectinati. 
u Fleshy surface of cut edge of right ven- 
tricle. 
Fig. 6. 
Anterior surface of Heart and Pericardial 
covering. 
Exterior of left Ventricle and of Aorta. 
a Left auriculo-ventricular opening, 
b Eight anterior border of mitral or bicuspid 
valve. 
c Left posterior border of mitral or bicuspid 
valve. 
d Origins of chordae tendineae. 
e From carneae columnae. 
f Septum ventriculorum. 
g Origin of aorta, 
h Posterior semilunar valve of aorta, 
i Eight semilunar valve of aorta, 
k Left semilunar valve of aorta. 
1 Openings of coronary artery of heart, 
m Sinuses Yalsalvae. 
n Corpora aurantii. 
a Eight auricular appendix, 
b Left auricular appendix, 
c Eight ventricle, 
d Left ventricle. 
e Transverse or auriculo-ventricular groove, 
f Anterior longitudinal sulcus, 
g Apex cordis. 
h Pericardium divided and thrown back. 
1. Arteria pulmonaris. 
2. Aorta ascendens. 
3. Art. coronaria cordis dextra. 
4. Eamus anterior arteries coronarise cor- 
dis sinistras. 
5. Commencement of great coronary vein 
of heart. 
Fig. 4. 
Anterior surface of Heart—interior of 
right auricle exposed. 
Fig. 2. 
a Inter-auricular septum, 
b Vena cava superior, 
c Vena cava inferior, 
d Eustachian valve, 
e Fossa ovalis. 
f Opening of great coronary vein, 
g Eight auricular appendix and musculi pec- 
tinati. 
h Eight auriculo-ventricular opening, 
i Eight ventricle, 
k Left ventricle. 
Fig. 7. 
Posterior surface of Heart, Auricles, and 
Ventricles. 
Transverse section of Auricles, Aorta, and 
Pulmonary Artery, immediately above 
the origins of these vessels, showing the 
auriculo-ventricular and arterial valves 
in action. 
•a Left auricle, 
b Left pulmonary veins, 
c Eight pulmonary veins, 
d Eight auricle, 
e Opening of inferior vena cava, 
f Left ventricle, 
g Eight ventricle, 
h Transverse groove, 
i Posterior longitudinal sulcus, 
k Apex cordis. 
1 Edge of divided pericardium. 
1. Art. coronaria cordis dextra. 
3. Eamus descendens art. coronarise 
dextrae. 
3. Eamus posterior art. coronarise sinistras. 
4. Vena coronaria magna cordis. 
5. Vena coronaria cordis media. 
6. Vena coronaria cordis dextra. 
a Septum auriculorum. 
b Wall of left auricle, 
c Wall of right auricle, 
d Tricuspid valve, 
e Bicuspid valve. 
f Semilunar valves of pulmonary artery, 
g Semilunar valves of aorta, 
h Left auricular appendix, 
i Eight auricular appendix. 
1. Eight coronary artery. 
2. Left coronary artery. 
Fig. 5 
Interior of right Auricle, Ventricle, and 
Pulmonary Artery. 
a Eight auriculo-ventricular opening, 
b Anterior border of tricuspid valve, 
c Inner border of tricuspid valve, 
d Posterior border of tricuspid valve, 
e Chordae tendineae. 
f Musculi pectinati. 
g Carneae columnae. 
h Pulmonary artery. 
i Anterior semilunar valve of pulmonary 
artery. 
k Eight semilunar valve of pulmonary artery. 
1 Left semilunar valve of pulmonary artery, 
m Corpora aurantii. 
n Sinuses Valsalvae, 
o Septum ventriculorum. 
p Left ventricle, 
q Ascending aorta. 
Fig. 8. 
Transverse section of Ventricles. 
Fig. 3. 
1. Eight Ventricle. 
3. Left Ventricle. 
3. Septum ventriculorum. 
4. Cut edge of left ventricle. 
5. Cut edge of right ventricle. 
6. Adipose tissue. 
7. Descending branch of left coronary 
artery in anterior longitudinal sul- 
cus, with its accompanying vein. 
8. Eight coronary artery in posterior lon- 
gitudinal sulcus with accompanying 
vein. 
Internal cavities of Ventricles—anterior 
view. 
a Eight auricle, 
b Eight auricular appendix, 
c Vena cava superior, 
d Vena cava inferior, 
e Left auricle, 
f Left auricular appendix, 
g Venae pulmonares. Me\L. 
o 
fig. 2. 
lab AVI. 
7v 
Fig. 5, 
L 
±xb‘*- 
Pig. 8. 
Fig. 5. 
fig-.G, 
Kraufse £ £lizner sc.Leif PLATE XVII. 
BLOOD-VESSELS (ARTERIES AND VEINS) OF HEAD 
AND NECK. 
g M. occipitalis, 
b Mm. retrabentes auris. 
i M. attollens auris. 
k M. masseter. 
1 M. buccinator, 
m M. zygomaticus major, 
n M. zygomaticus minor, 
o M. orbicularis oris, 
p M. triangularis menti. 
q M. quadratus menti. 
r M. orbicularis palpebrarum, 
s M. frontalis. 
t M. levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, 
u Maxilla inferior, 
v M. digastricus maxillae inferioris. 
w M. milo-byoideus. 
x M. sterno-hyoideus. 
y M. omo-hyoideus. 
1. Yena jugularis externa. 
3. Yen. occipitalis. 
3. Ramus communicans inter ven. jugu- 
laris externa et interna. 
4. Ven. jugularis interna. 
5. Ven. facialis anterior, 
6. Ven, labialis. 
7. Ven. angularis. 
8. Ven. temporalis. 
9. Ven. opbtbalmica cerebralis. 
10. Ven. frontalis. 
11. Arteria carotis externa. 
13. Art. auricularis posterior. 
13. Art. temporalis (superficialis). 
14. Art. transversa faciei. 
15. Art. maxillaris externa, labialis v. fa- 
cialis. 
16. Art. submentalis. 
17. Art. angularis. 
18. Art. frontalis. 
Fig. 1. 
w Pharynx, 
x (Esophagus, 
y Mscl. subclavius. 
z M. pectoralis major. 
I. Art. carotis communis dextra. 
3. Bifurcation of art. carotis communis 
dextra, 
3. Art. carotis externa. 
4. Art. carotis interna. 
5 Art. tbyroidea superior, 
6. Art. laryngea superior. 
7. Art. lingualis. 
8. Ramus byoideus art. lingualis. 
9. Art. maxillaris externa v. facialis. 
10. Art. palatina ascendens. 
11. Art. submentalis. 
13. Art. occipitalis (with ascending and 
descending branches). 
13. Art. auris posterior. 
14. Art. temporalis (superficialis). 
15. Art. subclavia dextra. 
16. Truncus thyro-cervicalis. 
17. Art. tbyroidea inferior. 
18. Art. cervicalis ascendens. 
19. Art. transversalis humeri. 
20. Art. transversalis colli. 
21. Art. axillaris. 
23. Artt. tboracicse extemse. 
Arteries of anterior surfaces of Head 
and Neck. 
a Muscl. occipito-frontalis. 
b Mscl. orbicularis palpebrarum, 
c M. corrugator supercilii. 
d M. levator labii superioris alasque nasi, 
e M. levator labii superioris proprius. 
f M. zygomaticus minor, 
g M. zygomaticus major, 
h M. masseter. 
i M. buccinator, 
k M. orbicularis oris. 
1 M. triangularis menti. 
m M. quadratus menti. 
n M. levator anguli oris, 
o M. sterno-cleido-mastoideus. 
p M. sterno-hyoideus. 
q Glandula tbyroidea. 
r Trachea, 
s Larynx. 
t M. cucullaris v. trapezius, 
u M. omo-hyoideus. 
v M. scalenus anticus. 
w M. scalenus medius. 
x Clavicula. 
1. Arteria subclavia. 
2. Art. mammaria interna. 
3. Art. transversa scapulae. 
4. Art. transversa colli. 
5. Art. cervicalis ascendens. 
6. Art. tbyroidea inferior. 
7. Art. carotis communis. 
8. Art. tbyroidea superior. 
9. Art. maxillaris externa v. labialis. 
10. Art. coronaria labii inferioris. 
11. Art. coronaria labii superioris. 
13. Art. angularis. 
13. Artt. dorsales nasi. 
14. Artt. alares nasi. 
15. Art. opbtbalmica (with artt. palpe- 
brales). 
16. Art. frontalis. 
17. Art. supraorbitalis. 
18. Art. infraorbitalis. 
19. Artt. temporales profunda) (from the 
art. maxillaris interna). 
20. Art. temporalis (superficialis). 
31. Ramus frontalis art. temporalis. 
Fig. 4. 
Arteries and Veins of right side of Neck, 
a—x as in Fig. 3. 
y First rib. 
First bone of sternum. 
1. Yena cava superior. 
2. Yen. innominata sinistra. 
3. Yen. innominata dextra. 
4. Yen. subclavia dextra. 
5. Yen. axillaris. 
6. Yen. jugularis externa. 
7. Yen. jugularis interna. 
8. Yen. facialis. 
9. Yen. maxillaris interna. 
10. Yen. jugularis media. 
11. Arcus aortas. 
13. Arteria innominata. 
13. Carotis communis dextra. 
14. Art. subclavia dextra. 
15. Art. axillaris. 
16. Art. carotis externa. 
17. Art. carotis interna. 
18. Art. tbyroidea superior. 
19. Art. lingualis. 
20. Art. maxillaris externa v. facialis. 
21. Art. temporalis. 
23. Art. auricularis posterior. 
23. Art. occipitalis. 
, 24. Art. tbyroidea inferior. 
30. Art. transversalis humeri. 
26. Art. transversalis colli. 
27. Artt. tboracicss extemas. 
Fig. 3. 
Arteries of right side of Neck. 
a Maxilla inferior, 
b Os byoides. 
c Clavicula. 
d Larynx, 
e Glandula tbyroidea. 
f Trachea, 
g Acromion scapulae, 
h Processus mastoideus. 
i Processus styloideus. 
k Processus transversus atlantis. 
1 Musculus digastricus (venter anterior.) 
m Mscl. mylo-hyoideus. 
n M. hyo-glossus. 
o M. stylo-glossus. 
p M. stemo-cleido-mastoideus. 
q M. levator anguli scapulas, 
r M. scalenus anticus. 
s M. scalenus medius. 
t M. omo-hyoideus. 
u M. sterno-hyoideus. 
v M. thyro-hyoideus. 
Fig. 2. 
Arteries and Veins of lateral surface of 
Head, Face, and Neck. 
a Musculus platysxna-myoides v. latissimus 
colli. 
b Mscl. cucullaris v. trapezius, 
c M. deltoideus. 
d M. sterno-cleido-mastoideus. 
e M. splenius capitis, 
f M. splenius colli. l;i£.2 
Tab.im 
Tig. I. 
tig. 5. 
lig, 4. 
A. Kranise sc.Leipzitf PLATE XYIL* 
ARTERIES OF HEAD, NECK, AND PELVIS. 
Fig. 1. 
11. A. cervicalis profunda. 
12. A. transversalis colli. 
13. A. occipitalis. 
e M. obliquus superior, 
f Trochlea. 
g Tendon of obliquus superior, 
h Bulbus oculi, 
i M. rectus inferior. 
1. Arteria carotis interna. 
2. Art. ophthalmica. 
3. A. lacrymalis (divided). 
4. A. centralis retinas. 
5. Divided branch to rectus 
superior. 
6. Branch to rectus superior. 
7. 7. 7. Artt. ciliares posticas. 
8. A. ethmoidalis posterior. 
9. Branch to superior oblique 
m. and anterior ethmoidal 
artery. 
10. Arteria supraorbitalis. 
11. Ophthalmic artery, divided 
anteriorly. 
1 Orescentro edge of fascia trans- 
versalis. 
m Fascia transversalis. 
n Fascia iliaca. 
o Obturator canal, 
p Pelvic fascia of m. obturator 
internus. 
q Arch of pelvic fascia, 
r Pelvic fascia of mm. levator ani 
and coccygeus. 
s Pyriform muscle, 
t Sacral plexus, 
u Rectum. 
v G-imbernaut’s ligament. 
1. Arteria iliaca communis dex- 
tra. 
2. Art. iliaca externa. 
3. Vena iliaca externa. 
4. Art. epigastrica inferior, 
with vena) comites. 
5. A. spermatica interna. 
6. A. iliaca interna s. hypogas- 
trica. 
7. Yena hypogastrica. 
8. A. glutasa superior. 
9. A. vesicalis superior. 
10. A. umbilicalis. 
11. A. obturatoria. 
12. A. vesicalis inferior. 
13. A. hasmorrhoidalis media. 
14. A. hasmorrhoidalis interna. 
15. A. pudenda communis v. in- 
terna. 
16. A. glutasa inferior. 
17. Artt. sacrales laterales (su- 
perior and inferior). 
Internal Maxillary Artery and 
branches. 
a Ramus of inferior maxilla divid- 
ed, and superior half removed, 
b Zygomatic arch divided and ma- 
lar part removed, 
c Tuber maxillare. 
d Masseter divided, 
e Temporalis divided, 
f Pterygoideus externus divided, 
g Pterygoideus internus. 
h Buccinator, 
i Levator labii superioris proprius. 
k Zygomaticus minor. 
1 Zygomaticus major, 
m Levator labii superioris alasque 
nasi. 
n Levator angu i oris, 
o Compressor nasi, 
p Depressor anguli oris (v. triangu- 
laris menti). 
q Depressor labii inferioris (v. quad- 
ratus menti.) 
r Orbicularis oris, 
s Sphincter palpebrarum, 
t Ductus Stenonianus divided, 
u Sinus longitudinalis superior. 
1. Arteria maxillaris externa. 
2. Ramus muscularis. 
3. Art. coronaria labii inferioris. 
4. A. coronaria labii superioris. 
5. A. angularis. 
6. A. palpebralis superior. 
7. A. infraorbitalis. 
8. A. carotis externa. 
9. A. carotis interna. 
10. Ramus muscularis. 
11. A. auris posterior. 
12. A. auricalaris profunda. 
13. A. temporalis superficialis, 
14. A. maxillaris interna. 
15. 15. A. meningea media. 
16. 16. Artt. temporales profundse 
(anterior et posterior). 
17. A. alveolaris inferior. 
18. Ramus buccinatorius. 
19. A. alveolaris superior pos- 
terior. 
20. A. infraorbitalis. 
21. A. sphenopalatina. 
22. A. pterygopalatina. 
Right Subclavian Artery viewed 
from interior of Thorax. 
Fig. 3. 
a Sixth cervical vertebra, 
b First dorsal vertebra, 
c Fourth dorsal vertebra, 
d First rib. 
e Third rib. 
f Clavicula. 
g Sternum. 
h Mm. intercostales interni. 
1. Arteria subclavia dextra. 
2. A. vertebralis, entering fora- 
men in transverse process 
of sixth cervical vertebra. 
3. Truncus costo-cervicalis. 
4. A. mammaria interior. 
5. A. intercostalis superior. 
6. Ramus dorsalis of first and 
second intercostal arteries. 
7. A. intercostalis prima. 
8. A. intercostalis secunda. 
9. Superior and inferior bran- 
ches of A. intercostalis se- 
cunda. 
10. A. intercostalis tertia. 
11. A. intercostalis quarta. 
12. Rami dorsales of third and 
fourth intercostals. 
13. A. mammaria interna. 
14. Branch of A. mammaria in- 
terna which winds up- 
wards above the clavicle. 
15. Rami sternales. 
16. Arteriaa intercostales ante- 
riores. 
Fig. 6. 
Internal view of Pelvic Arteries, 
viewed from above, with Epi- 
gastric and Spermatic branches. 
a Intervertebral surface of fourth 
lumbar vertebra, 
b Crest of ilium, 
c Horizontal ramus of pubes, 
d Psoas muscle, 
e Iliacus internus muscle, 
f Rectum, 
g Vesica urinaria, 
h Vas deferens, 
i G-imbernaut’s ligament, 
k Superior opening of femoral ring. 
1 Portion of fascia iliaca 
m Internal abdominal ring, 
n External oblique muscle, 
o Internal oblique muscle, 
p Transversalis abdominal muscle, 
q Fascia transversalis. 
r Sheath of rectus muscle, 
s Rectus muscle, 
t Linea alba. 
u Semicircular margin of fascia 
transversalis bounding inter- 
nal abdominal ring, 
v Tendon of rectus abdominis 
muscle. 
w Tendinous attachment of linea 
alba. 
x Nervus genito-cruralis. 
y Nervus sperm aticus externus. 
z Nervus lumbo-inguinalis. 
1. Aorta abdominalis. 
2. Art. iliaca communis sinistra. 
3. A. iliaca communis dextra. 
4. A. sacra media. 
5. A. iliaca interna v. hypogas- 
trica. 
6. A. iliaca externa. 
7. A. circumflexa ilii. 
8. A. epigastrica inferior. 
9. Ramus anastomoticus pubi- 
cus. 
10. A. spermatica interna. 
Fig. 8. 
Arteries of Pelvic Cavity in the 
female subject. 
a Last lumbar vertebra, 
b Promontory of sacrum, 
c Os coccygis. 
d Internal semicircular ridge, 
e Vesica urinaria, 
f Ligamentum teres uteri, 
g Uterus, 
h Fallopian tube, 
i Corpus fimbriatum. 
k Ovarium. 
1 Rectum, 
m Musculus coccygeus. 
n M. obturator intemus. 
o Symphysis ossium pubis, 
p Muse, pyriformis. 
q Sacral plexus, 
r Muse, psoas major, 
s M. iliacus internus. 
t M. transversus abdominis. 
1. Aorta abdominalis. 
2. Arteria mesenterica inferior. 
3. Art. lumbalis (3). 
4. A. iliaca communis sinistra. 
5. A. iliaca communis dextra. 
6. A. sacralis media. 
7. A. iliaca externa. 
8. A. circumflexa ilii. 
9. A. epigastrica inferior. 
10. Ramus anastoxnoticus pubi- 
cus. 
11. A. hypogastrica. 
12. A. ileo-lumbalis. 
18. A. Obturatoria. 
14. A. umbilicalis (obliterated). 
15. A. vesicalis. 
16. A. glutasa superior. 
17. A. sacralis lateralis superior 
and inferior. 
18. A. uterina. 
19. A. pudenda communis. 
20. A. hsemorrhoidalis media. 
21. A. ischiadica v. glutasa infe- 
rior. 
Fig. 4. 
Ophthalmic Artery with its 
superior branches. 
a. a Nervus opticus, 
b M. levator palpebrae superioris. 
c M. rectus externus. 
d M. orbicularis palpebrarum, 
e M. obliquus superior, 
f Trochlea for tendon of m. obli- 
quus superior, 
g Tendon of m. obliquus superior, 
h Bulbus oculi. 
i Glandula lacrymalis. 
1. Arteria carotis interna. 
2 2. A. ophthalmica. 
3. A. lacrymalis. 
4. Ramus muscularis of m. 
rectus externus. 
5. Ramus palpebralis. 
6. Ramus muscularis for m. ob- 
liquus superior. 
7. Ramus muscularis for m. le- 
vator palpebrse superioris. 
8. A. ethmoidalis posterior. 
9. A. ethmoidalis anterior. 
10. A. supraorbitalis. 
11. A. dorsalis nasi. 
12. A. frontalis. 
13. A. palpebrse superioris. 
Fig. 2. 
The right Subclavian Artery and 
Yertebral branch. 
a First rib. 
b M. sterno-cleido mastoideus. 
c Scalenus anticus. 
d Scalenus medius, 
e Longus colli, 
f Semispinalis cervicis. 
g Obliquus capitis inferior, 
h Rectus capitis posticus major, 
i Obliquus capitis superior, 
k Processus transversus of Atlas. 
1 Processus transversus 6, verte- 
bra. 
1. Arteria innominata. 
2. A. carotis communis dextra. 
3. A. subclavia dextra. 
4. A. mammaria interna. 
5. A. axis thyroidea. 
6. A. thyroidea inferior. 
7. Divided trunks of cervicalis 
ascendens transversalis 
humeri and superficial 
cervical arteries. 
8. 8. A. vertebralis. 
9. Truncus costo-cervicalis. 
10. A. intercostalis suprema. 
Fig. 7. 
Arteries and Yeins of Pelvic 
Cavity in the male subject. 
a Fourth lumbar vertebra, 
b Promontory of sacrum, 
c Os coccygis. 
d Internal semicircular ridge, 
e Vesica urinaria, 
f Vasa deferentia. 
g Vesicula seminalis. 
h. Eight ureter, 
i Internal abdominal ring, 
k Eectus abdominis muscle. 
Fig. 5. 
Ophthalmic Artery with its 
inferior branches. 
a. a Nervus opticus. 
b. b Musculus rectus superior, 
c M. rectus externus. 
d Coruea. Tab. XVII.* 
Kg. 3. 
Fig. 2. 
Fig.l, 
Fig.6. 
Kg. 4^ 
> fig.s. 
Kg. 7. 
Fig. 8. 
jd. Xrcauss& gest PLATE XVIII. 
ARTERIES OF ANTERIOR SURFACE OF TRUNK, 
ARM, FOREARM, AND HAND. 
Fig. 1. 
33. Vena cephalica. 
33. Vena cruralis v. femoralis. 
34. Vena saphena magna. 
35. Vena dorsalis penis. 
36. Plexus brachialis. 
37. Nervus medianus, its double origin 
perforated by axillary artery. 
38. Nerv. suprascapularis. 
89. Nerv. musculo-cutaneus v. perforans 
Casseri. 
40. Nerv. axillaris. 
41. Nerv. cutaneus internus Cmaior). 
43. Nerv. ulnaris. 
43. Nerv. radialis. 
44. Pars infraclavicularis plexus brachialis. 
c Caput longum musculi tricipitis. 
d Caput breve musculi tricipitis. 
e M. brachialis anticus. 
f M. supinator brevis, 
g Ligamentum intermusculare internum, 
h Condylus internus humeri, 
i Tendon of biceps (divided), 
k M. extensor carpi radialis longus. 
1 M. extensor carpi radialis brevis, 
m Tendon of supinator longus (divided), 
n Radial insertion of pronator teres, 
o Origin of mm. radialis internus and pal- 
maris longus. 
p Interosseous membrane, 
q Flexor longus pollicis. 
r Flexor muscle (divided), 
s M. pronator quadratus. 
t Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris (divided), 
u Anterior annular ligament (divided), 
v M. abductor and 
w Opponens digiti minimi, 
x Mm. interossei. 
1. Art. brachialis. 
3. Art. profunda superior brachii. 
3. Art. anastomotica magna. 
4. Bifurcation of brachial artery. 
5. Art. recurrens radialis. 
6. Art. radialis. 
7. Art. ulnaris. 
8. Art. ulnaris recurrens anterior. 
9. Art. ulnaris recurrens posterior. 
10. Arteria interossea. 
11. Continuation of ulnar artery. 
13. Ramus dorsalis arterige radialis. 
13. Superficialis volte. 
14. Ramus dorsalis arteria) ulnaris. 
15. Section of communicating branch of 
ulnar artery. 
16. Deep palmar arch. 
17. Ramus profundus of ulnar artery. 
18. Art. princeps pollicis. 
19. Art. indicis radialis. 
30. Art. digitalis communis (divided). 
31. Artt. interosseae palmares. 
Arteries of Trunk, Axillae, and Inguinal 
Regions. 
a Clavicle, 
b First rib. 
c Last rib. 
d Sternum, 
e Xiphoid process, 
f Deltoid muscle. 
g Insertion of pectoralis major muscle, 
g' Clavicular origin of pectoralis major muscle, 
g" Sternal origin of pectoralis major muscle, 
h Biceps flexor cubiti muscle, 
i Coraco-brachialis muscle, 
k M. pectoralis minor. 
1 M. Subscapularis. 
m M. latisaimus dorsi, 
n M. scalenus anticus. 
o M. serratus anticus major, 
p Mm. intercostales intend, 
p' M. intercostalis externus primus, 
q M. triangularis sterni. 
r M. sternohyoideus. 
s M. sternal and , 
s' Clavicular insertion of m. sterno-cleido- 
mastoideus. 
t M. omohyoideus. 
u M. trapezius, 
v M. subclavius. 
w Pleura costalis. 
x M. obliquus abdominis externus. 
y M. obliquus abdominis internus. 
z M. transversalis abdominis, 
o M. rectus abdominis. 
£ Sheath of rectus muscle cut through and 
reflected. 
7 Umbilicus. 
S Linea alba. 
c Cut edge of obliquus internus muscle. 
C Cut edge of rectus sheath. 
x) Posterior layer of rectus sheath. 
k Fascia transversalis. 
A. Poupart’s ligament. 
H External abdominal ring. 
v Spermatic cord, 
ir Suspensory ligament of penis, 
p Fascia lata. 
<r Falciform process of fascia lata. 
t Fossa ovalis or femoral ring of fascia lata. 
if/ Sartorius muscle. 
<p Psoas muscle. 
(o Pectineus muscle. 
1. Arteria innominata. 
2. Art. carotis communis dextra. 
3. Art. subclavia dextra. 
4. Axis thyroidea. 
5. Art. mammaria interna. 
6. Art. axillaris. 
7. Art. thoracico-acromialis, divided. 
8. Art. thoracica louga. 
9. Art. circumflexa posterior. 
10. Art. subscapularis. 
11. Art. circumflexa scapulae. 
12. Art. thoracico dorsalis of the art. sub- 
scapularis. 
13. Artt. intercostales anteriores. 
14. Art. epigastrica superior. 
15. Rami perforantes of art. mammaria in- 
terna. 
16. Art. thoracica secunda v. thoracico- 
acromialis. 
17. Art. thoracica prima. 
18. Muscular branch of thoracico-acromi- 
alis art. 
19. Ramus acromialis of thoracico-acromi- 
alis art. 
20. Ramus deltoideus of thoracico-acromi- 
alis art. 
21. Rami musculares of artt. epigastrica), 
23. Art. epigastrica inferior. 
23. Art. circumflexa ilii. 
24. Art. cruralis v. femoralis 
25. Art. epigastrica superficial (divided). 
26. Art. spermatica interna. 
37. Junction of right and left vena innomi- 
nata to form vena cava superior. 
38. Vena innominata dextra. 
29. Vena jugular is interna. 
30. Vena subclavia. 
31. Vena axillaris. 
Superficial Arteries on the internal and 
anterior surface of Arm, Forearm, and 
Hand. 
Fig. 2. 
a Musculus deltoideus. 
b M. pectoralis major, 
c M. latissimus dorsi. 
d M. biceps flexor cubiti. 
e Semilunar fascia of biceps, 
f M. coraco brachialis. 
g Long head of triceps extensor cubiti m. 
h Short head of triceps extensor cubiti m. 
i Brachialis anticus m. 
k Internal intermuscular ligament. 
1 Internal condyle of humerus, 
m M. supinator longus. 
n M. pronator teres, 
o M. flexor carpi ulnaris. 
p M. palmaris longus. 
q M. flexor carpi ulnaris. 
r M. extensor carpi radialis longus, 
s M. flexor pollicis longus. 
t M. flexor digitorum communis sublimis. 
t* M. flexor digitorum communis profundus, 
u M. abductor pollicis longus. 
v M. extensor pollicis brevis. 
w Anterior annular ligament of wrist, 
x Ball of thumb, abductor and flexor brevis 
pollicis. 
y Tendon of flexor longus pollicis. 
z M. adductor pollicis. 
a Tendons of flexor digitorum communis. 
M. palmaris brevis. 
7 Mm. abductor and flexor brevis minimi 
digiti. 
5 Mm. lumbricales. 
e Ligamentary sheaths of tendons. 
C Tendon of flexor digitorum communis sub- 
limis to little finger. 
V Tendon of flexor digitorum communis pro- 
fundus. 
1. Arteria brachialis. 
3. Rami musculares to m. coraco-brachi- 
alis and biceps brachii. 
3. Rami musculares to m. triceps brachii. 
4. Art. profunda superior brachii. 
5. Art. anastomotica magna. 
6. Art. ulnaris. 
7. Art. radialis. 
8. Art. recurrens radialis. 
9. Ramus dorsalis arteria) radialis. 
10. Ramus volaris art. radialis. 
11. Ramus muscularis to ball of thumb. 
13. Art. pollicis radialis from art. princeps 
pollicis. 
13. Art. pollicis ulnaris from art. princeps 
pollicis. 
14. Art. indicis radialis from art. princeps 
pollicis. 
15. Ramus volaris arterige ulnaris. 
16. Arcus palmaris superior. 
17. Artt. digitales volares communes. 
18. Art. ulnaris volaris. 
19. Art. radialis dorsalis. 
30. Ramus profundus v, communicans. 
Fig. 4. 
Arteries of posterior surface of lower part 
of Arm, Forearm, and Hand. 
a Insertion of deltoid muscle, 
b Long head of triceps muscle, 
c Short head of triceps muscle, 
d Olecranon, 
e Ulna. 
f Muse, biceps flexor cubiti. 
g M. brachialis internus. 
h M. supinator longus. 
i M. extensor carpi radialis longus. 
k M. extensor carpi radialis brevis. 
1 M. extensor digitorum communis, 
m External condyle of humerus, 
n M. anconaeus. 
o M. extensor carpi ulnaris. 
p M. flexor carpi ulnaris. 
q M. extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis. 
r M. extensor primi internodii pollicis. 
s M. extensor secundi internodii pollicis. 
t Posterior annular ligament of wrist, 
u Exterior tendon of ring finger, 
v M. interosseus externus primus. 
1. Rami musculares of the art. profunda 
brachii. 
3. Art. superior profunda brachii. 
3. Branch of radial recurrent artery. 
4. Art. recurrens interossea. 
5. Rete articulare cubiti. 
6. Branch of the art. interossea externa. 
7. Branch of the art. interossea interna. 
8. Art. interossea externa inferior. 
9. Ramus dorsalis arterial radialis. 
10. Ramus dorsalis arterige ulnaris. 
11. Branch of dorsal carpal artery. 
13. Art. dorsalis pollicis ulnaris. 
13. Art. dorsalis indicis radialis. 
14. Art. pollicis ulnaris. 
15. Art. dorsalis digiti (5) ulnaris. 
16. Art. interossea metacarpi (3) et (1). 
17. Art. digiti (5) radialis dorsalis. 
18. Art. digiti (4) ulnaris dorsalis. 
Deep Arteries of Arm, Forearm, and 
Hand—anterior surface. 
Fig. 3. 
a Musculus coraco-brachialis. 
b M. latissimus dorsi. Tab. XVIII 
rig. i. 
Tig-2. 
Fig. 4. 
rig. 3. 
A. Krausse. gtst. PLATE XIX. 
BLOOD-VESSELS OF SIDE OF HEAD, NECK, TRUNK, 
AND UPPER EXTREMITIES. 
Fig. 1. 
4. Ven. labialis. 
5. Ven. facialis anterior. 
6. Ven. facialis posterior. 
7. Art. et ven. occipitalis. 
8. Art. et ven. auricularis posterior. 
9. Art. temporalis (superficialis). 
10. Art. maxillaris interna. 
11. Artt. and vv. temporales profund®. 
13. Art. and ven. alveolaris inferior. 
13. Art. and ven. alveolaris posterior. 
14. Art. maxillaris externa v. facialis v. 
labialis. 
15. Art. coronaria labii inferioris. 
16. Art. coronaria labii superioris. 
17. Art. dorsalis nasi. 
18. Art. angularis. 
19. Art. ophthalmica and ven. ophthalmica 
cerebralis. 
20. Art. and ven. frontalis. 
19. Ven. cephalica posterior v. interna. 
20. Arteria facialis v. labialis. 
21. Vena facialis anterior. 
23. Arteri® pulmonales. 
23. Ven® pulmonales. 
24. Ramus anterior v. descendens art. et 
nr- l 7en- cor°nari® cordis sinistr®. 
or' Al"'. et ven- coronaria cordis dextra. 
descendens abdominalis. 
oo . phrenic® inferiores. 
-o- Art. axis coeliaca. 
20. Art. mesenterica superior. 
30. Artt. spermatic® intern®.' 
81. Art. mesenterica inferior.' 
33. Art. h®morrhoidalis interna. 
33. Art. and vena renalis. 
34. Art. iliaca communis. 
35. Art. iliaca interna 
36. Art. iliaca externa. 
37. Art, and ven. circumflexa ilium. 
88. Art. and ven. ilio-lumbalis. 
89. Vena cava inferior. 
40. Ven® hepatic®. 
41. Vena renalis. 
43. Ven. spermatica interna. 
43. Ven. iliaca communis. 
44. Ven. iliaca interna. 
45. Ven. iliaca externa. 
46. Art. and ven. sacra media. 
47. Nerv. inguino cutaneus. 
48. Nerv. ilio-lumbalis. 
49. Art. axillaris. 
50. Ven. axillaris. 
51. Ven. cephalica brachii. 
52. Ven. basilica. 
53. Ven. mediana. 
54. Art. brachialis. 
55. Bifurcation of brachial artery. 
56. Art. radialis. 
57. Art. ulnaris. 
58. Art. interossea communis. 
59. Art. interossea interna. 
60. Art. recurrens radialis. 
61. Art. recurrens ulnaris. 
63. Arcus palmaris sublimis. 
63. Ramus superficialis vol® arteri® radi- 
alis. 
Interior of Thorax, as when laid open, ex- 
posing Pericardium, Lungs, and large 
Blood-vessels at root of Neck. 
a Larynx, 
b Trachea. 
c Lobus superior pulmonis, 
d Lobus inferior pulmonis, 
e Lobus medius pulmonis, 
f Diaphragm. 
g Processus xiphoideus sterni. 
h Mediastinum anticum pleur®. 
i Pars diaphragmatica pleurae, 
k Pericardium. 
1. Vena cava superior. 
2. Ven. innominata sinistra. 
3. Ven. innominata dextra. 
4. Ven. subclavia. 
5. Ven. jugularis interna. 
6. Arcus aortas. 
7. Arteria innominata. 
8. Art. carotis communis. 
9. Art. subclavia. 
10. Art. et ven. pericardiaco-phrenica. 
Principal Arteries and Veins of Neck, 
Thorax, and Arms, with deep Blood- 
vessels of Abdominal Cavity. 
Fig. 4. 
a Maxilla inferior, 
b Os hyoides. 
c Larynx, 
d Olandula thyroidea. 
e Trachea, 
f (Esophagus, 
g Clavicle, 
h First rib. 
i Lung, 
k Heart. 
1 Pericardium, 
m Right auricle, 
n Left auricle, 
o Right ventricle, 
p Left ventricle, 
q Diaphragm, 
r (Esophagus, 
s Kidney. 
t Glandula suprarenalia. 
u Ureter, 
v Yesica urinaria, 
w Intestinum rectum, 
x Peritoneum, 
y Mscl. quadratus lumborum. 
z M. psoas. 
a M. transversalis abdominis. 
0 M. iliacus internus. 
y Spermatic cord. 
S Mscl. sartorius. 
e Poupart’s ligament. 
C Mscl. pectoralis major. 
ri M. trapezius. 
A M. scalenus anticus. 
t M. deltoideus. 
k M. biceps flexor cubiti. 
A. M. brachialis anticus. 
fj. M. triceps extensor. 
v M. supinator longus. 
| M. flexor carpi ulnaris. 
ir M. flexor pollicis longus. 
p M. flexor digitorum communis profundus. 
<t M. pronator quadratus. 
1. Vena cava superior 
2. Arteria aorta ascendens. 
3. Arteria pulmonalis. 
4. Arcus aortas. 
5. Art. innominata. 
6. Art. carotis communis dextra. 
7. Art. subclavia dextra. 
8. Art. carotis communis sinistra. 
9. Art. subclavia sinistra. 
10. Vena innominata sinistra. 
11. Vena innominata dextra. 
12. Vena jugularis interna. 
13. Ven. jugularis externa. 
14. Ven. subclavia. 
15. Ven. thyroidea superior. 
16. Ven® subcutaneas colli. 
17. Ven. thyroidea superior. 
18. Ven. labialis. 
Posterior surface of Lungs and Trachea, 
with their principal Arteries, Veins, and 
Nerves. 
Fig. 2. 
a Larynx, 
b Trachea, 
c Bronchus dexter, 
d Bronchus sinister, 
e Lobus superior pulmonis, 
f Lobus inferior pulmonis, 
g Lobus medius pulmonis, 
h Right auricle with orifice of inferior vena 
cava, 
i Left orifice, 
k Right ventricle. 
1 Left ventricle. 
1. Pulmonary veins of right and left lungs, 
2. Vena magna cordis. 
3. Art. coronaria cordis dextra. 
4. Artt. pulmonales. 
5. Arcus aortas. 
6. Art. innominata. 
7. Art. subclavia. 
8. Art. carotis communis. 
9. Vena jugularis interna. 
10. Vena cava superior. 
11. Nervus vagus v. pneumo-gastricus. 
12. Ramus recurrens nervi vagi v. nerv. 
laryngeus inferior. 
13. Rami tracheales nerv. recurrentis. 
14. Rami cardiaci nerv. recurrentis. 
15. Nerv. laryngeus superior. 
16. Ramus cardiacus nervi sympathici. 
17. Plexus cardiacus. 
Fig. 5. 
Section of Spinal Column, with Vena 
Azygos, right Intercostal Vessels, A orta, 
and Venae Cavse. 
a Costa (1), first rib. 
b Costa (13), last rib. 
c Vertebra lumbalis (1), first lumbar vertebra, 
d Vena cava superior, 
e Vena cava inferior, 
f Aorta descendens thoracica. 
g Arcus aortas. 
1. Vena azygos. 
2. Termination of vena azygos in vena 
cava superior. 
3. Artt. and vv. lumbales. 
4. Artt. and vv. intercostales. 
Fig. 3. 
Distribution of Internal Maxillary and 
Labial or Facial Arteries and Veins on 
left side of Head. 
Fig. 6. 
Posterior inverted view of deep Vessels of 
Thorax, Vena Azygos, Aorta, and Verne 
Cavse. 
a Os frontis. 
b Ala magna ossis sphenoidei. 
c Os maxillare superius. 
d Inner wall of orbit, 
e Malar bone, 
f Inferior maxilla, 
g Body of maxilla, 
h M. pterygoideus extemus. 
i M. pterygoideus internus. 
k Masseter. 
1 Orbicularis oris, 
m Buccinator. 
1. Carotis communis sinistra. 
3. Vena jugularis interna. 
3. Yen. jugularis externa. 
a First rib. 
b Sternum, 
c Costal cartilages, 
d Vena cava superior, 
e V ena cava inferior, 
f Aorta ascendens. 
g Arcus aortas, 
h Aorta descendens thoracica. 
i Aorta descendens abdominalis. 
1. Vena azygos. 
2. Vena demiazygos. 
3. Artt. and vv. intercostales. 
4. Artt. andvv. lumbales. I'ig.'i- 
rio. 5. 
fig. 1 
Tali. XIX, 
Fig-4. 
Tig.S. 
Fig. S 
A .Kvnufce sr;.Leipzig. PLATE XX. 
BLOOD-VESSELS OF PERINEAL REGIONS 
(MALE AND FEMALE), FEMALE INTERNAL ORGANS 
OF GENERATION, INGUINAL REGION, 
BACK OF SHOULDER AND FOREARM, AND PELVIS. 
Fig. 1. 
c Mscl. obliquus abdominis internus. 
d M. tranversalis abdominis, 
e M. rectus abdominis, 
f External abdominal ring, 
g Spermatic cord, 
h M. sartorius. 
i M. iliacus internus. 
k M. psoas major. 
1 M. pectinseus. 
m M. adductor longus. 
n M. rectus femoris. 
o M. tensor fasciae late, 
p Penis with art. and ven. dorsalis penis, 
q Inguinal canal. 
1. Arteria femoralis. 
2. Art. profunda femoris, 
3. Art. circumflexa femoris externa. 
4. Art. and ven. circumflexa ilii. 
5. Art. and ven. epigastrica (inferior). 
6. Vena femoralis. 
7. Ven. profunda femoris. 
8. Ven. saphena. 
9. Ven. circumflexa femoris externa. 
g Anus, 
h Os coccygis. 
i M. acceleratores urmte. 
k M. erector penis. 
1 M. transversus perinaei 
m M. sphincter ani externus. 
n M. levator ani. 
o M. adductor longus. 
p M. gracilis, 
q M. adductor magnus. 
r M. gluteus maximus. 
1. Art. pudenda interna. 
2. Artt. haemorrhoidales externae. 
3. Art. transversa perinaei. 
4. Art. bulbo-urethralis. 
5. Art. perinaei superficialis. 
Arteries on posterior surface of Shoulder 
and Scapula. 
a Clavicula. 
b Acromion, 
c Spina scapulas, 
d Fossa supraspinata. 
e Fossa infraspinata. 
f Augulus inferior scapulas, 
g Os humeri. 
h Tuberculum majus humeri, 
i Musculus levator anguli scapulae, 
k Mscl. rhomboideus minor. 
1 M. rhomboideus major, 
m M. infraspinatus, 
n M. teres minor, 
o M. teres major, 
p M. deltoideus. 
q M. trapezius, 
r M. serratus anticus major, 
r M. latissimus dorsi. 
t Caput longum m. tricipitis extensoris. 
1. Arteria subclavia. 
2. Art. cervicalis superficialis. 
3. Art. transversalis colli. 
4. Art. dorsalis scapulae. 
5. Art. transversalis scapulae. 
6. Art. acromialis. 
7. Ramus infraspinatus art. transversalis 
scapulae. 
8. Art. circumflexa scapulae. 
9. Ramus descendens art. subscapular is. 
10. Art. circumflexa humeri posterior. 
Fig, 6. 
Arteries of Pelvis in the Male subject. 
a Last lumbar vertebra, 
b Os sacrum, 
c Crest of ilium, 
d Musculus psoas (magnus). 
e Mscl. iliacus internus. 
f M. transversalis abdominis, 
g M. rectus abdominis, 
h Ureter, 
i Vesica urinaria, 
k Rectum. 
1 Vas deferens. 
1. Aorta descendens abdominalis. 
2. Arteria mesenterica inferior. 
3. Art. haemorrhoidalis interna. 
4. Art. colica sinistra. 
5. Art. sacra media. 
6. Art. spermatica interna. 
7. Art. iliaca communis. 
8. Art. iliaca externa. 
9. Art. iliaca interna. 
10. Art. circumflexa ilii. 
11. Art. epigastrica (inferior). 
12. Art. ilio-lumbalis. 
Fig. 4, 
Arteries of Ano-Perineal Region in the 
Female subject. 
a Tuber ossis ischii. 
b Ramus ascendens ossis ischii. 
c Great sacro-sciatic ligament, 
d Clitoris, 
e Orificium urethras, 
f Ostium, 
g Anus. 
h Lesser sacro-sciatic ligament, 
i M. constrictor vaginas, 
k Muscular fibres of constrictor vaginae lining 
upper surface of urethra. 
1 Decussation of fibres of mm. constrictor 
vaginae and sphincter ani. 
m M. sphincter ani externus. 
n M. ischio-cavernosus. 
o Mm. transversi perinaei. 
p M. levator ani. 
q M. gracilis, 
r M. adductor magnus. 
a M. glutseus maximus. 
1. Art. pudenda interna. 
2. Anastomosis between internal pubic, 
vaginal, and clitorideal branches. 
3. Artt. haemorrhoidales externas. 
4. Art. transversa perinaei. 
5. Art. vaginalis. 
6. Art. clitoridea. 
7. Art. dorsalis clitoridis 
8. Art. profunda clitoridis. 
Fig. 2. 
Deep Arteries on outer side of Arm, and 
posterior surface of Forearm, Wrist, 
and Hand. 
a Os humeri. 
b .Condylus externus humeri, 
c Olecranon ulnae, 
d Ulna. 
e Capitulum radii, 
f Radius. 
g Processus styloideus radii, 
h Carpus, 
i Metacarpus, 
k Ligamentum interosseum. 
1 Mscl. brachialis anticus. 
m Mm. interossei dorsales v. externi. 
1. Arteria superior profunda brachii. 
2. Art. reourrens interossea. 
3. Art. interossea perforans. 
4. Rami perforantes art. interosseae in- 
ternee. 
5. Art. interossea perforans inferior. 
6. Ramus dorsalis arteria; ulnaris. 
7. Art. radialis. 
8. Arcus dorsalis carpi. 
9. Art. dorsalis radialis. 
10. Art. dorsalis ulnaris (5). 
11. Artt. interosseae metacarpi dorsales. 
12. Artt. digitales dorsales. 
13. Art. dorsalis ulnaris pollicis. 
14. Art. dorsalis radialis indicis. 
Fig. 7. 
Arteries of Pelvis and internal Genital 
Organs in the Female subject. 
a Os sacrum, 
b Crest of ilium, 
c Spina ilii anterior superior, 
d Mscl. psoas magnus. 
e M. iliacus internus 
f Intestinum rectum, 
g Uterus. 
h Ligamentum uteri latum, 
i Ovarium with ligamentum ovarii, 
k Tuba Fallopii. 
1 Ligamentum uteri latum. 
1. Aorta descendens abdominalis. 
2. Art. sacra media. 
3. Art. spermatica interna. 
4. Art. iliaca interna. 
5. Art. iliaca externa. 
6. Art. iliaca interna. 
7. Art. uterina. 
8. Art. haemorrhoidalis media. 
9. Art. circumflexa ilii. 
Fig. 5. 
Arteries and Veins of Ano-Perineal 
Region in the Male subject. 
Fig. 3. 
a Tuber ossis iscbii. 
b Ramus ascendens ossis ischii. 
c Great sacro-sciatic ligament, 
d Lesser sacro-sciatic ligament, 
e Bulb of urethra, 
f Corpus cavernosum penis. 
Arteries and Veins on anterior surface of 
Inguinal Region—left side. 
a Spina ilii anterior superior, 
b Musculus obliquus abdominis externus. Tab. XX 
I*' r <> r>. 
Fiji,. 2 
l 
Fiji,. 4. 
Kg..v 
Ko, 7 
rig.fi. 
A.Krait fse sc.L pijizi g. PLATE XXL 
ARTERIES OF PELVIS AND LOWER EXTREMITIES. 
Fig. 1. 
s M. vastus internus. 
t M. rectus femoris. 
u M. adductor magnus. 
v M. semimembranosus, 
w M. semitendinosus. 
x Tendo m. gracilis, 
y M. gastrocnemius (internus). 
z M. soleus. 
1. Arteria iliaca communis dextra. 
2. Art. iliaca interna. 
3. Art. iliaca externa. 
4. Art. ilio-lumbalis. 
5. Art. obturatoria. 
6. Art. sacra lateralis. 
7. Art. glutsea (superior). 
8. Art ischiadica v. glutaea inferior. 
9. Art. pudenda interna. 
10. Artt. hsemorrhoidales mediae. 
11. Art. vesicalis. 
12. Art. circumflexor ilii. 
13. Art. femoralis. 
14. Art. profunda femoris. 
15. Art. circumflexa femoris interna. 
16. Art. perforans (1) arteria! profunda; 
femoris. 
17. Art. perforans (2) arteria! profunda! 
femoris. 
18. Art. perforans (3) arteria! profunda! 
femoris. 
19. Art. femoralis, in Hunter’s canal. 
20. Art. anastomotica magna. 
21. Art. poplitsea. 
22. Art. articularis genu inferior interna. 
Arteries on anterior surface of Pelvis, 
Thigh, Leg, and Foot of right ex- 
tremity. 
6. Art. perforans (1), arteria! profunda! 
femoris. 
7. Art. perforans (2), arteria! profunda! 
femoris. 
8. Art. perforans (3), arteria! profunda; 
femoris. 
9. Art. poplitsea. 
i art)cularis genu superior interna. 
1o"* '/ articu!ar!s genu superior externa. 
Art. articularis genu inferior interna 
ar,tKT.laris genu inferior externa. 
14. Art. tibialis antica. 
15. Art. fibularis v. peronsea. 
16. Art. tibialis postica. 
17. Art. malleolaris posterior externa. 
a Crista ilii. 
b Spina ilii anterior, 
c Trochanter major, 
d Symphysis ossium pubis, 
e Ramus horizontalis ossis pubis, 
f Patella, 
g Tuberositas tibiae, 
h. Tibia. 
i Malleolus internus. 
k Malleolus externus. 
1 Musculus psoas, 
m Mscl. iliacus internus. 
n M. pectinseus. 
o M. glutaeus medius. 
p M. rectus femoris. 
q M. tendo communis extensorius. 
r M. vastus externus. 
s M. vastus internus. 
t M. cruralis. 
u M. adductor longus. 
v M. gracilis, 
w M. adductor magnus. 
x Ligamentum patellae, 
y M. tibialis anticus. 
z M. extensor pollicis pedis longus. 
a M. extensor digitorum communis longus, 
M. peronaeus tertius. 
7 M. soleus. 
5 M. gastrocnemius. 
« M. extensor pollicis pedis brevis. 
C M. extensor digitorum communis brevis. 
1. Arteria iliaca communis dextra. 
2. Art. iliaca interna. 
3. Art. sacra lateralis. 
4. Art. glutaea (superior). 
5. Art. ischiadica v. glutaea (inferior). 
6. Art. iliaca externa. 
7. Art. epigastrica (inferior). 
8. Art. circumflexa ilii. 
9. Art. femoralis. 
10. Art. profunda femoris. 
11. Art. circumflexa femoris externa. 
12. Entrance of the femoral artery into 
Hunter’s canal. 
18. Art. tibialis antica. 
14. Art. recurrens tibialis. 
15. Art. dorsalis pedis. 
16. Art. malleolaris externa. 
17. Art. malleolaris interna. 
18. Art. tarsea externa. 
19. Art. tarsea interna. 
20. Artt. interossea! metatarsi dorsales. 
Arteries on dorsal surface of Right Foot. 
Fig. 4. 
a Astragalus, 
b Os calcis. 
c Os naviculare. 
d Tuber ossis metatarsi (5). 
1. Arteria dorsalis pedis. 
2. Art. tarsea externa. 
3. Art. tarsea interna. 
4. Art. metatarsea. 
5. Artt. interossei metatarsi dorsales. 
6. Artt. digitales pedis dorsales. 
7. Art. interossea dorsalis with the exter- 
nal and internal dorsal branches to 
the great toe. 
8. Communicating branch to deep plantar 
arch. 
Fig. 3. 
Arteries on posterior surface of Pelvis, 
Thigh, and Leg of the right extremity. 
Fig. 5. 
Plantar arch of Arteries in sole of Right 
Foot. 
a Os sacrum, 
b Os coccygis. 
c Crista ossis ilii. 
d Os ilium, 
e Trochanter major, 
f Tuber ischii. 
g Ramus ascendens ossis ischii. 
h Ramus descendens ossis pubis, 
i Great sacro-sciatic ligament, 
k Fossa poplitasa. 
1 Capitulum fibulae, 
m Fibula. 
n Malleolus externus. 
0 Malleolus internus. 
p Musculus glutasus medius. 
q Muse, pyriformis. 
r M. gemellus superior, 
s M. obturator internus. 
t M. gemellus internus. 
u M. quadratus femoris. 
v M. adductor femoris magnus. 
w Origin of biceps and semitendinosus. 
x M. semimembranosus, 
y Caput breve m. bicipitis. 
z M. vastus externus. 
a M. gracilis. 
/3 M. popli tarns. 
y Heads of m. gastrocnemius. 
S M. peronaaus longus. . 
e M. peronasus brevis. 
C M. flexor longus pollicis pedis. 
7j M. tibialis posticus. 
3- M. flexor digitorum longus. 
1 Tendo Achillis. 
k M. soleus. 
1. Arteria glut-cea superior. 
2. Art. glutsea inferior. 
8. Art. pudenda interna. 
4. Ramus inferior art. circumflexa! femoris 
interuse. 
5. Art. profunda femoris. 
a Tuber os calcis. 
b Tuberositas ossis metatarsi (5). 
c Capitulum ossis metatarsi (1). 
d M. flexor digitorum pedis communis brevis 
v. perforatus. 
e M. abductor pollicis pedis, 
f M. flexor brevis pollicis pedis, 
g M. flexor longus pollicis pedis, 
h M. flexor digitorum pedis communis longus 
v. perforans. 
i Massa carnea vel muse, accessorius, 
k M. abductor digiti pedis (5). 
1 M. flexor brevis digiti pedis (5). 
m M. transversalis pedis. 
1. Art. tibialis postica. 
2. Art. plantaris externa. 
3. Branches of art. plantaris interna. 
4. Art. plantaris digiti (5) externa. 
5. Communicating branch of deep plantar 
arch. 
6. Art. plantaris pollicis pedis. 
7. Artt. interossem plantares. 
Fig. 2. 
Arteries on internal surface of Pelvis, 
Thigh, and Knee of the right extremity. 
a Fourth lumbar vertebra, 
b Fifth lumbar vertebra, 
c Spinal canal, 
d Os sacrum, 
e Os coccygis. 
f Linea arcuata interna, 
g Symphysis pubis, 
h Crista ilii. 
i Spina illi anterior superior, 
k Lesser sacro-sciatic ligament. 
I Rectum. 
m Musculus iliacus interims, 
n Muscl. psoas major, 
o M. pyriformis. 
p M. obturator internus. 
q M. levator ani. 
r M. sartorius. 
rig. 6. 
Deep arteries in sole of Eight Foot. 
a Tuber os calcis. 
b M. adductor pollicis pedis, 
c Mm. interossei pedis plantares. 
d M. flexor brevis digiti (5). 
1. Art. tibialis postica. 
2. Art. plantaris externa. 
3. Art. plantaris interna. 
plantaris pollicis pedis. 
5. Perforating branches. 
6. Arcus plantaris profundus. 
7. Artt. interosstea plantares. 
8. Artt. digitales pedis plantares. 
u. Art. plantaris digiti (5) externa. Ix 2. I. 
ri .j ■' 
r>;i 3. 
Va\>. \\\ 
Fig 4. 
Kg. G. 
Eig-5 
A KrauJsc xi.l.i'ipxi'j'. PLATE XXU 
THE THORACIC DUCT, LYMPHATIC VESSELS, 
AND GLANDS. 
Fig. 1. 
11. Art. and ven. temporalis, 
12. Art. axillaris. 
13. Art. brachialis. 
14. Vena cephalica brachii. 
15. Ven. basilica. 
16. Ven. mediana. 
17. Art. and ven. ulnaris. 
18. Art. and ven. radialis. 
19. Art. and ven. interossea interna. 
20. Aorta descendens abdominalis. 
21. Art. iliaca communis. 
22. Art. femoralis. 
23. Vena cava inferior. 
24. Vena azygos. 
25. Vena saphena magna. 
26. Receptaculum chyli, the commence- 
ment of thoracic duct. 
27. Termination of thoracic duct in the 
Junction of the left internal Jugular 
and subclavian veins. 
28. Right thoracic duct. 
29. Plexus lymphaticus cervicalis v. jugu- 
laris. 
30. Plexus lymphaticus axillaris. 
31. Glandulas brachiales. 
32. Superficial lymphatics of upper ex- 
tremity. 
33. Deep lymphatics of upper extremity. 
34. Plexus lymph atici intercostales. 
35. Plexus lymphaticus lumbalis. 
36. Plexus lymphatici iliaci. 
37. Plexus inguinalis superficialis. 
38. Plexus inguinalis profundus. 
39. Plexus saphenus 
c Art. and ven. brachialis. 
d Vena Jugularis interna, 
e Art. carotis communis, 
f Ven. Jugularis externa, 
g Trachea. 
h Mscl. pectoralis major, 
i M. latissimus dorsi. 
1. Ductus thoracicus. 
2. Superficial lymphatics. 
3. Deep lymphatics. 
4. Glandula brachialis. 
5. Glandulas axillares in plexus lymphati- 
cus axillaris. 
6. Vasa lymphatica thoracica. 
7. Vasa lymphatica jugularia. 
Thoracic Duct, Lymphatics of Trunk 
Pelvis, upper part of Thighs, and supe- 
rior extremities. 
a Larynx, 
b Trachea, 
c Crista ilii. 
d Symphysis pubis, 
e Spina ilii anterior superior, 
f Clavicle, 
g First rib. 
h Mscl. frontalis, 
i M. orbicularis palpebrarum, 
k M. masseter. 
1 Mm. zygomatici. 
m M. orbicularis oris, 
n M. quadratus menti. 
o M. triangularis menti. 
p Diaphragm, 
q M. quadratus lumborum. 
r M. psoas major, 
s M. iliacus internus. 
t M. deltoideus. 
u M. biceps humeri, 
v M. pectinseus. 
w M. adductor longus. 
x M. sartorius. 
y M. rectus femoris. 
z M. vastus internus. 
1. Vena cava superior. 
2. Ven. innominata dextra. 
3. Ven. innominata sinistra. 
4. Ven. jugularis interna. 
5. Ven. jugularis externa. 
6. Ven. subclavia. 
7. Art. subclavia. 
8. Art. carotis communis. 
9. Art. facialis v. maxillaris externa. 
10. Ven. facialis anterior. 
Fig. 3. 
Lymphatic Vessels and Glands in interior 
of Pelvis (right side). 
a Aorta abdominalis. 
b Vena cava inferior, 
c Arteria iliaca communis, 
d Vena iliaca communis, 
e Art. iliaca externa, 
f Yen. iliaca externa. 
g Ven. iliaca interna, 
h Art. and ven. sacra media, 
i Art. and ven. obturatoria. 
k Art. and ven. epigastrica. 
1 Art. and ven. pudenda interna, 
m Art. and ven. circumflexa ilii. 
n Mscl. pyriformis. 
o M. obturator intemus. 
1. Glandulas iliaca) intern as. 
2. Vasa lympbatica pelvina profunda. 
Fig. 2. 
Lymphatic Vessels and Glands of Axilla 
(left side). 
a Arteria axillaris, 
b Vena axillaris. Tab. XXii. 
fig. 2 
Fig. 1 
Fig. 3 
\ . -r. 1 \\v•_>' PLATE XXIII. 
THE BRAIN ; CEREBRUM, CEREBELLUM, AND 
MEDULLA OBLONGATA. 
Fig. 1. 
11. Ventriculus lateralis, sinister cella lateralis. 
111. Yentriculus tertius. 
IV. Cornu anterius ventriculi lateralis. 
V. Cornu posterius ventriculi lateralis. 
VI. Cornu inferius ventriculi lateralis, 
a Corpus callosum and raphe, 
b Genu corporis callosi. 
c Lyra. 
d Septum lucidum and fifth ventricle, 
e Fornix. 
f Crura fomicis anteriora. 
g Crura fornicis posteriora. 
h Pes hippocampi major and corpus fim- 
briatum. 
i Pes hippocampi minor, 
k Corpus striatum. 
1 Thalamus nervi optici. 
m Stria cornea. 
n Commissura mollis ventriculi tertii. 
o Commissura anterior ventriculi tertii. 
p Commissura posterior ventriculi tertii. 
q Aditus ad infundibulum, 
r Aditus ad aquseductum Sylvii. 
s Glandula pinealis. 
t Crura glandula; pinealis. 
u Corpora quadrigemina. 
v Plexus choroideus. 
The under surface or Base of the Brain, 
with origin of Cerebral Nerves. 
a Crus cerebelli. 
b Corpus restiforme. 
c Corpus olivare. 
d Corpus pyramidale. 
e Decussatio pyramidum. 
f Pi bras arciformes. 
g Fissura longitudinalis anterior. 
1. Nervus accessorius. 
2. Nerv. vagus v. pneumogastricus. 
3. Nerv, glossopharyngeus. 
4. Nerv. acousticus v. auditorius, portio 
mollis of seventh pair. 
5. Nerv. facialis, portio dura of seventh 
pair. 
6. Portio minor of portio dura. 
I, Os frontis. 
11. Os occipitia. 
111. Os temporum. 
IY. Falx cerebri. 
V. Falx cerebelli. 
VI. Sinus longitudinalis superior. 
VII. Sinus occipitalis. 
A. Lobus anterior cerebri. 
B. Lobus medius v. inferior cerebri. 
C. Lobus posterior cerebri. 
D. Cerebellum. 
E. Medulla oblongata, 
a Convolutions. 
b Sulci. 
c Fissure of Sylvius, 
d Corpus pyramidale medullae oblongata;, 
e Corpus olivare medullae oblongatae. 
f Pons Varolii v. commissura cerebelli. 
g Crus cerebelli. 
h Crus cerebri, 
i Tractus opticus, 
k Commissura nervorum opticorum. 
1 Fundus ventriculi tertii v. substantia per- 
forata media, 
m Corpora mammillaria v. candicantia. 
n Tuder cinereum. 
o Infundibulum, 
p Glandula pituitaria. 
q Lamina cribrosa v. substantia perforata 
anterior, 
r Root of olfactory nerve, 
s Olfactory tract, 
t Convolution of hippocampus, 
u Uncus. 
v Horizontal sulcus (Reillii) between cere- 
brum and cerebellum, 
w Pyramis vermis, 
x Lobulus quadrangularis. 
y Lobulus semilunaris, 
z Lobulus inferior anterior. 
a Lobulus tener. 
fi Lobulus biventer. 
y Tonsilla v. lobulus spiralis. 
S Flocculus. 
1. Nerv. olfactorius (bulbus cinereus). 
2. Nerv. opticus. 
3. Nerv. oculo-motorius (third nerve). 
4. Nerv. trochlearis v. patheticus (fourth 
nerve). 
5. Nerv. trigeminus (fifth nerve). 
6. Nerv. abducens (sixth nerve). 
7. Nerv. facialis v. communicans faciei. 
8. Nerv. acousticus v. auditorius, portio 
mollis of ninth nerve. 
9. Nerv.glosso-pharyngeus (eighth nerve) 
10. Nerv. vagus v, pneumo-gastricua 
(eighth nerve). 
11. Nerv. accessorius Willisii, or spinal 
accessory nerve (eighth nerve). 
12. Nerv. hypoglossus (ninth nerve). 
Fig. 6. 
Pons Yarolii and Medulla Oblongata— 
anterior surface, showing internal fibres. 
A. Pons Varolii. 
B. Medulla oblongata, 
a Crus cerebelli. 
b Corpus restiforme. 
c Corpus olivare. 
d Corpus pyramidale. 
e Decussatio pyramidum. 
f Fibrse transversae. 
g Fibrse arciformes. 
h Fissura longitudinalis anterior. 
Fig. 3. 
The inferior surface of Cerebellum, the 
Medulla Oblongata being removed. 
A. Pons Varolii. 
B. Crura cerebelli. 
C. Lateral lobes of cerebellum. 
D. Inferior vermiform appendix of cerebellum, 
a Upper border of cerebellum. 
b Lower border of cerebellum, 
c Horizontal cleft, 
d Superior anterior lobule, 
e Inferior posterior lobule, 
f Lobulus gracilis, 
g Lobulus biventer, 
h Tonsilla. 
i Flocculus, 
k Pyramis vermis. 
1 Nodulus Malacame. 
Fig. 7. 
Pons Yarolii and right lateral Lobe of 
Cerebellum, showing transverse fibres of 
Pons and Crus Cerebelli continuous with 
Arbor Yitse. 
A. Pons Varolii. 
B. Medulla oblongata. 
C. Cerebellum. 
a Crus cerebelli ad pontem. 
b Crus cerebelli ad medullam oblongatam v. 
corpus restiforme. 
c Corpus olivare. 
d Corpus pyramidale. 
e Decussatio pyramidum. 
f Fibrae transversse pontis. 
g Fibrae longitudinales pyramidum. 
h Arbor vitae cerebelli. 
Posterior border and under surface of 
Cerebellum. 
Fig. 4. 
A. Lateral lobe. 
B. Superior vermiform appendix. 
C. Inferior vermiform appendix. 
D. Spinal marrow. 
E. Horizontal cleft. 
a Monticulus cerebelli, 
b Folium cacuminis. 
c Lobulus quadrangularis v. superior anterior, 
d Tonsilla. 
e Lobulus biventer, 
f Lobulus gracilis. 
g Lobulus semilunaris (inferior posterior;, 
h Pyramis vermis. 
i Fasciculus lateralis medulla; spinalis, 
k Fasciculus cuneatus medullas spinalis. 
1 Fasciculus gracilis medullas spinalis, 
m Posterior roots of spinal nerves. 
Fig. 8. 
Vertical Section of Pons Varolii and lateral 
Lobe of Cerebellum, showing internal 
arrangement of fibres. 
A. Pons Varolii. 
B. Medulla oblongata. 
0. Cerebellum, left lobe. 
a Left pyramidal body, 
b Fasciculus olivaris sinister, 
c Nucleus olivae. 
d Corpus restiforme sinistrum. 
e Pedunculus cerebelli (crus cerebelli ad me- 
dullam oblongatam.) 
f Crus cerebelli ad corpora quadrigemina 
g Corpora quadrigexnina. 
h Corpus mammillare. 
i Fibrse horizontales pyramidis dextras. 
k Fibrae longitudinales superficiales et 
1 Profundse pontis (pyramidis). 
m Fibrae longitudinales pontis profundaa et 
n Laqueus fasciculi olivaris. 
o Pedunculus cerebri, 
p Fibres ad pedunculum cerebri. 
Fig. 2. 
Central surface of Cerebrum, shown by 
making a horizontal section through its 
centre, exposing the interior of the two 
lateral, third, and fifth Yentricles. 
A. Lobus anterior cerebri. 
B. Lobus medius cerebri. 
C. Lobus posterior cerebri. 
D. Cerebellum (upper surface). 
E. Substantia corticalis v. cinerea. 
F. Substantia alba v. medullaris. 
I. Yentriculus lateralis dexter, cella lateralis. 
Pons Yarolii and Medulla Oblongata— 
anterior surface. 
Fig. 5. 
A. PonsYarolii. 
B. Medulla oblongata. Tab. XXIII. 
Tig.l. 
Tig. 5. 
Eig. 6 
Tig. 3. 
Pig. 4 
Fig. 2, 
Fig. 7. 
Fig. 8. 
A Kraulse sc. Leipzig". PLATE XXIY. 
BASE AND INTERIOR OF BRAIN, WITH ORIGINS OF 
NERVES AND BLOOD-VESSELS. 
Fig. 1. 
d Crura glandulse pinealis. 
e Glandula pinealis. 
f Corpora quadrigemina. 
g Aditus ad aquasductum Sylvii. 
h Aditus ad infundibulum, 
i Commissura anterior, 
k Fornix. 
1 Cura cerebelli ad corpora quadrigemina* 
m Floor of fourth ventricle, 
n Sinus rhomboideus. 
o Corpus restiforme v. crus cerebelli ad 
medullam oblongatam. 
p Arbor vitas cerebelli. 
a Yalvula cerebelli anterior. 
0 Art. corporis callosi. 
Base of Brain, showing origins of Nerves 
and the Arteries. 
Posterior View of Spinal Marrow (Me- 
dulla Spinalis), with anterior Roots of 
Spinal Nerves, the Spinal Sheath being 
divided and everted. 
Fig. 4. 
A. Lobus anterior cerebri. 
B. Lobus medius cerebri. 
C. Lobus posterior. 
D. Cerebellum (lateral lobes of). 
E. Medulla oblongata, 
a Fissura Sylvii. 
b Fissura longitudinalis cerebri, 
c Commissura nervorum opticorum, 
d Tuber cinereum. 
e Corpora mammillaria v. candicantia. 
f Tractus opticus, 
g Pons Varolii. 
h Crus cerebelli ad pontem. 
i Corpus pyramidale. 
k Corpus olivare. 
1. Tractus olfactorius (first pair of nerves). 
2. Nervus opticus (second pair of nerves). 
3. Nerv. oculomotorius (third pair of 
nerves). 
4. Nerv. trochlearis (fourth pair of nerves). 
5. Nerv. trigeminus (fifth pair of nerves). 
6. Nerv. abducens (sixth pair of nerves). 
7. Nerv. facialis, portio dura of seventh 
nerve. 
8. Nerv. acousticus, portio mollis of 
seventh nerve. 
9. Nerv. glossopharyngeus of eighth pair 
of nerves. 
10. Nerv. vagus of eighth pair of nerves. 
11. Nerv. lingualis or ninth pair of nerves. 
12. Arteria vertebralis. 
18. Art. basilaris. 
14. Artt. spinales anteriores. 
15. Artt. cerebelli inferiores posteriores. 
16. Artt. cerebelli inferiores anteriores. 
17. Artt. cerebelli superioris. 
18. Art. cerebri profunda. 
19. Rami communicantes (forming with an- 
terior cerebral, internal carotid, and 
posterior or deep cerebral arteries, 
the circle of Willis). 
20. Art. carotis interna. 
21. Art. fossae Sylvii. 
22. Art. choroidea. 
23. Art. corporis callosi. 
A. Medulla oblongata. 
B. Pars cervicalis medullse spinalis. 
C. Pars thoracica medullas spinalis. 
D. Pars lumbalis medullas spinalis, 
a Ventriculus quartus. 
b Cervical expansion of medulla spinalis, 
c Lumbar expansion of medulla spinalis, 
d Bulbous or ganglionic expansion of medulla 
spinalis, 
e Filum terminale. 
f Fissura mediana posterior, 
g Ligamentum denticulatum. 
2—b) Nervi eervicales (2—8). 
9—20) Nervi thoracici (12). 
21—25) Nervi lumbales (5). 
26—30) Nervi sacrales (5). 
31) Nervi coccygei. 
32) Nervus accessorius spinalis in the 
foramen jngulare internum. 
33) Nerv. vagus in the foramen jugu- 
lare internum. 
34) Nerv. glossopharyngeus in the fora- 
men jugulare internum. 
Fig. 3. 
Vertical longitudinal section of Brain, Ce- 
rebrum, and Cerebellum, through the 
centre. 
I. Os frontis et sinus frontalis. 
11. Crista galli. 
111. Lamina perpendicularis ossis ethmoidei. 
IY. Corpus ossis sphenoidei. 
Y. Processus clinoidei posteriores. 
VI. Sella turcica. 
VII. Sinus sphenoidales. 
VIII. Pars basilaris ossis occipitis et fossa pro 
medulla oblongata. 
IX. Pars occipitalis ossis occipitis, 
X. Vomer. 
XI. Eoof of pharynx. 
XII. Tentorium cerebelli enclosing straight 
sinus. 
A. Lobus anterior cerebri. 
B. Lobus medius cerebri. 
C. Lobus posterior cerebri. 
D. Cerebellum (arbor vitas). 
E. Medulla oblongata. 
a Convolutions of cerebrum, 
b Sulci. 
c Corpus callosum, 
d Genu corporis callosi. 
e Splenium corporis callosi. 
f Septum lucidum. 
g Fornix. 
h Crus anterius v. columna fornicis. 
i Foramen Monroi. 
k Thalamus nervi optici. 
1 Oommissura anterior, 
m Commissura mollis 
n Commissura posterior, 
o Glandula pinealis. 
p Pedunculus v. crus glandulas pinealis. 
q Corpora quadrigemina. 
r Pons Varolii. 
s Aquasductus Sylvii. 
t Tuber cinereum. 
u Infundibulum, 
v Glandula pituitaria. 
w Commissura nervorum opticorum. 
x Nervus opticus, 
y Ventriculus quartus. 
z Corpus mammillare v. candicans. 
Fig. 5. 
Anterior view of Spinal Marrow (Medulla 
Spinalis), with posterior Hoots of Spinal 
Nerves, the Spinal Sheath being divided 
and reflected. 
A. Pons Yarolii. 
B. Medulla oblongata. 
C. Pars cervicalis medullse spinalis. 
D. Pars thoracica medullse spinalis. 
E. Pars lumbalis medullse spinalis, 
a Crura cerebelli ad pontem. 
b Corpora pyramidalia. 
c Corpora olivaria. 
d Fissura mediana anterior, 
e Cervical expansion, 
f Lumbar expansion, 
g Bulbous or ganglionic expansion, 
h Filum terminale. 
i Ligamentum denticulatum. 
k Eadix anterior nervi spinalis. 
1 Eadix posterior nervi fpinalis. 
m Ganglion of posterior roots forming sensory 
portion of spinal nerve, 
n Cauda equina. 
1—8) Nervi eervicales (1—8). 
.9—20) Nervi thoracici (12). 
21—25) Nervi lumbales (5). 
- 20—30) Nervi sacrales (5). 
31) Nervi coccygei. 
Fig. 2. 
Section of Brain, exposing interior of 
Ventricles. 
A. Portion of middle lobe. 
B. Cerebellum. 
C. Medulla oblongata. 
D. Ventriculus lateralis. 
E. Yentriculus tertius. 
F. Ventriculus quartus. 
a Corpus striatum. 
b Thalamus nervi optici. 
c Stria cornea. Tab.XXW 
Fig*. 4. 
Fig. 2. 
Fig. 5. 
Fig. 1. 
%•3 
ii- Kra ii (,s c sc' Lr i pv.i<f. PLATE XXV. 
NERVES OF THE HEAD AND NECK. 
Internal view of Base or Cerebral 
Surface of Cranium, with Boots 
of Cerebral Nerves and exits 
from Cranium. 
rig. i. 
44. Nerv. hypoglossus. 
45. Arteria vertebralia. 
c Bulbus oculi. 
d Membrana sinus maxillaris. 
e Maxilla inferior, 
f Processus pterygoideus. 
g Ala magna ossis sphenoidei. 
h Muscl. pterygoideus internus. 
i Membrana tympani. 
k Mscl. stylohyoideus. 
1 M. digastricus. 
m M. stemohyoideus. 
n M. omohyoideus. 
o M. stemothyroideus. 
p M. hyothyroideus. 
q M. mylohyoideus. 
r M. sternocleidomastoideus. 
a M. trapezius, 
t M. splenius capitis, 
u M. levator anguli scapulae, 
v Glandula thyroidea. 
1. Vena jugularia interna. 
2. Arteria carotis communis. 
3. Art. thyroidea superior. 
4. Art. maxillaris externa facialis. 
5. Art. maxillaris interna. 
6. Art. alveolaris inferior. 
7. Art. alveolaris superior poste- 
rior. 
8. Art. meningea media. 
9. Art. infraorbitalis. 
10. Art. alveolaris anterior. 
11. Art. supraorbitalis et nervus 
supraorbitalis. 
12. Nervus opticus. 
13. Nerv. oculomotorius (third 
nerve). 
14. Nerv. trochlearis (fourth 
nerve). 
15. Nerv. trigeminus (fifth nerve). 
16. Ganglion Gasseri. 
17. Ramus (1) ) 
18. Ramus (2) >• nervi trigemini. 
19. Ramus (3)) 
20. Nerv. frontalis. 
21. Nerv. lacrymalis. 
22. Ramus internus ) nerv. 
23. Ramus externus ) lacrymalis. 
24. Nerv. subcutaneus malse. 
25. Nerv. ethmoidalis. 
26. Nerv. infraorbitalis. 
27. Nerv. alveolaris v. dentalis 
posterior. 
28. Nerv. alveolaris medius. 
29. Nerv. alveolaris anterior. 
30. Plexus dentalis superior. 
31. Nerv. lingualis (ninth nerve). 
32. Nerv. alveolaris inferior. 
33. Ganglion oticum et nerv. auri- 
cularis anterior. 
34. Connexion between otic gan- 
glion and tympanic branches 
of the ganglion petrosum. 
35. Nerv. facialis. 
36. Intumescentia ganglioformis 
nervi facialis. 
37. Chorda tympani. 
38. Nerv. Vidianus superficialis. 
39. Nerv. digastricus v. stylo- 
hyoideus. 
40. Nerv. hypoglossus (ninth 
nerve). 
41. Nerv. vagus. 
42. Nerv. laryngeus superior. 
43. Nerv. hypoglossus. 
44. Ramus descendens nervi hypo- 
glossi. 
45. Nervi subcutanei colli. 
46. Nervi supraclaviculares (ante- 
riores, medii et posteriores). 
47. Plexus cervicalis. 
48. Nerv. auricularis magnus. 
49. Nerv. occipitalis minor. 
50. Nerv. occipitalis magnus. 
51. Nerv, accessorius Willisii. 
o M. hyoglossus. 
p M. mylohyoideus. 
q M. geniohyoideus. 
r M. digastricus. 
a Glandula submaxillaris, 
t Glandula sublingualis, 
u Ductus Whartonianus. 
v Glandula thyroidea. 
w Pharynx. 
x Mscl. sternocleidomastoideus. 
y M. obliquus superior, 
z M. obliquus inferior. 
a M. rectus capitis posticus major. 
0 M. multifidus spinae. 
y Processus transversus atlantis. 
5 Clavicula. 
e Mscl. supraspinatus. 
C First rib. 
V M. rhomboideus minor. 
6 M. rhomboideus major. 
1 Spina scapulas. 
k Processus spinosus of dentata. 
OBBll3 BP^nosua vertebrae dorsi 
H Larynx with mscl. thyrohyoi- 
deus. 
1. Arteria carotis communis. 
2. Art. carotis externa. 
3. Art. carotis interna. 
4. Art. thyroidea. 
5. Art. lingualis. 
6. Art. maxillaria externa v. 
facialis, 
7. Art. submentalis. 
8. Art. occipitalis. 
9. Art, temporalis. 
10. Art. maxillaris interna. 
11. Art. alveolaris superior poste- 
rior. 
12. Nervus oculomotorius (third 
nerve), 
13. Ganglion ophthalmicum with 
14. Nervuli ciliares. 
15. Ganglion semilunare nervi tri- 
gemini (fifth nerve). 
16. Ramus ophthal-' 
miens 
17. Eamus maxilla- . .nervi: . 
ris superior 
18. Eamus maxilla- nerve)' 
ris inferior 
18. minor v. nerv. kroto- 
phitico -buccinatorius, 
19. Nervus frontalis. 
20. Nerv, supratrochlearis (fourth 
nerve). 
21. Nerv. supraorbitalis. 
22. Nerv. subcutaneus malse. 
23. Nerv. infraorbital is. 
24. Eamus buccalis nervi alveolar. 
poster. 
25. Nerv. alveolaris posterior. 
26. Nerv. buccinatorius. 
27. Nerv. Vidianus superficialis. 
28. Ganglion oticum v. auricu- 
lare. 
29. Nerv. petrosus superficialis 
minor, nervi tensoris tym- 
pani. 
30. Nerv. lingualis v. gustatorius 
(of fifth nerve). 
31. Ganglion maxillare. 
32. Chorda tympani. 
38. Bami linguales nervi gusta- 
torii. 
34. Genu nervi facialis. 
35. Nerv. facialis. 
36. Nerv. glossopharyngeus. 
37. Nerv. tympanicus v; Jacob- 
sonii. 
38. Nerv. carotico-tympanicus, 
39. Nerv. vagus. 
40. Nerv. laryngeus superior. 
41. Plexus ganglioformis. 
42. Nerv. accessorius Willisii. 
43. Nerv. hypoglossus (ninth 
nerve). 
44. Eamus geniohyoideus hypo- 
glossi. 
45. Nerv. cervicalis (2). 
46. Nerv. cervicalis (3). 
47. Nerv. cervicalis (4). 
48. Nerv. cervicalis (5). 
49. Nerv. cervicalis (6). 
50. Nerv. cervicalis (7). 
51. Nerv. occipitalis maguus. 
52. Nerv. dorsalis scapulae. 
53. Nerv. suprascapularis. 
54. Eami posteriores nervorum 
spinalium. 
55. Nerv. sympathicus (ganglion 
cervicale primum). 
56. Plexus caroticus nervorum 
mollium (nerve molles). 
Fig. 2. 
Distribution of Superficial Nerves 
on the lateral surface of the 
Head and Neck. 
a Os frontis (pars frontalis), 
b Sinus frontales. 
c Spina frontalis interna, 
d Foramen caecum, 
e Crista galli. 
f Pars orbitalis ossis frontis. 
g Celiulae ossis ethmoidei. 
h Corpus ossis sphenoidei. 
i Ala magna ossis sphenoidei. 
k Pars basilaris ossis occipitis. 
1 Pars squamosa ossis temporum, 
m Pars petrosa ossis temporum. 
n Foramen opticum. 
o Foramen rotundum. 
p Foramen ovale, 
q Foramen spinosum. 
r Fissura orbitalis superior, 
s Cavitas tympani. 
t Meatus auditorius intemus. 
u Malleolus (capitulum). 
v Incus, 
w Cochlea. 
x Canalis semicircularis superior, 
y Bulbus oculi. 
z Glandula lacrymalis. 
a M. rectus oculi extemus. 
0 M. levator palpebrae superioris. 
y M. rectus oculi superior. 
5 M. obliquus oculi superior. 
S* Trochlea pro m. obliquo superiors, 
e M. rectus oculi intemus. 
f M. temporalis. 
7i M. pterygoideus extemus. 
6 Glandula pituitaria. 
1 Foramen magnum. 
k Foramen jugulars. 
A. Foramen condyloideum anterius. 
fx Pars occipitalis ossis occipitis (fossae 
cerebelli). 
v Sinus transversus. 
1. Art. meningea media, 
2. Art. carotis interna. 
3. Art. lacrymalis. 
4. Art. muscularis. 
5. Art. supraorbitalis. 
6. Art. ethmoidalis. 
7. Art. ophthalmica. 
8. Nerv. opticus. 
9. Nerv. oculo-motorius (third 
nerve). 
10. Nerv. trochlearis (fourth 
nerve). 
11. Nerv. trigeminus (fifth nerve), 
12. Ganglion semilunare v. Gasseri. 
13. Nerv. maxillaris') 
inferior, (3) j Branches of 
14. Nerv. maxillaris I fifth nerve 
superior, (2) j (nerv. tri- 
-15. Nerv. ophthal- ! geminus). 
micus, (1). J 
16. Ramus frontalis ) nerv. 
17. Ramus lacrymalis >- ophthal- 
-18. Ramus nasalis ) mici. 
19. Nerv. ethmoidalis) 
20. Nerv. infratroch- [• 
learis. ) nasalis’ 
21. Nerv. supratroch- ) nerv. 
learis. >• fronta- 
-22. Nerv. supraorbitalis ) lis. 
23. Nerv. zygomaticus } nerv. la- 
-24. Nerv. lacrymalis f crymalis. 
25. Nervi ciliares (from ganglion 
ophthalmicum). 
26. Nerv. buccinatorius. 
27. Nervi temporales profundi. 
28. Nerv. massetericus. 
29. Nerv. auricularis anterior v. 
temporalis superficialis. 
30. Art. maxillaris interna. 
31. Nn. meatus auditorii extemi. 
32. Chorda tympani (nervi facia- 
lis). 
33. Nerv. petrosus superficialis 
minor. 
34. Nerv. Vidianus. 
35. Nerv. abducens (sixth nerve). 
36. Nerv. facialis (traversing mea- 
tus auditorius internus). 
37. Genu v. intumescentia ganglio- 
formis nervi facialis. 
38. Nerv. facialis in canalis Fal- 
lopii. 
39. Nerv. cochleae ) nerv. 
40. Nerv. vestibuli) acoustici. 
41. Nerv. glossopharyngeus. 
42. Nerv. vagus. 
43. Nerv. accessorius Willisii. 
a Os malare. 
b Arcus zygomaticus. 
c Maxilla inferior, 
d Mscl. frontalis, 
e M. orbicularis palpebrarum, 
f M. zygomaticus major, 
g M. zygomaticus minor, 
h M, levator anguli oris, 
i M. orbicularis oris, 
k M. levator labii superioris. 
1 M. masseter. 
m M. buccinator. 
n M. triangularis menti v. depressor 
anguli oris, 
o M. quadratus menti v. depressor 
labii inferioris. 
p M. digastricus. 
q Os hyoides. 
r M. stemo-cleido-mastoideus. 
s M. attollens auris. 
t Mm. retrahentes auris. 
u M. occipitalis, 
v M. trapezius, 
w M. splenius capitis, 
x M. splenius colli, 
y M. levator anguli scapulae, 
z M. digastricus. 
a Glandula submaxillaris. 
0 Ductus Stenonianus. 
y Galea aponeurotica. 
5 Clavicula. 
€ Acromion. 
( Spina scapulae. 
ij Mscl. deltoid eua. 
6 M. stemohyoideus. 
1 M. omohyoideus. 
k M. scalenus anticus. 
\ M. mylohyoideus. 
1. Arteria carotis communis. 
2. Art. carotis interna. 
3. Art. carotis externa. 
4. Art. thyroidea superior. 
5. Art. maxillaris externa v. fa- 
cialis. 
6. Art. temporalis, 
7. Ramus frontalis ) arteriaa 
8. Ramus temporalis >• tempora- 
9. Ramus occipitalis ) lia. 
10. Art. transversalis faciei. 
11. Art. frontalis. 
12. Art. ophthalmica. 
13. Art. occipitalis. 
14. Nervus supraorbitalis. 
15. Nerv. supratrochlearis. 
16. Nerv. infratrochlearis. 
17. Nerv. infraorbitalis (with nn.' 
palpebrales inferiores, sub- 
cutanei nasi et labiales supe- 
riores). 
18. Nerv. cutaneus malse. 
19. Nerv. mentalis (with nn. la- 
biales inferiores). 
20. Nerv. ethmoidalis. 
21. Nerv. auricularis anterior v. 
temporalis superficialis. 
22. Nerv. facialis. 
23. Nerv. auricularis posterior. 
24. Ramus superior ) nervi 
25. Ramus inferior ) facialis, 
• 26. Nervi temporales faciales. 
27. Nervi zygomatici faciales. 
28. Nervi buccales v. rami faciales 
nervi facialis. 
29. Nerv. marginalis v. subcuta- 
neus maxillae inferioris. 
30. Nerv. subcutaneus colli supe- 
rior. 
31. Nerv. occipitalis major. 
32. Nerv. occipitalis minor. 
33. Nerv. auricularis superior. 
34. Nerv. auricularis magnus v. 
inferior. 
35. Nervi subcutanei colli infe- 
riores. 
36. Nervi subcutanei colli medii. 
37. Nervi supraclaviculares. 
38. Nerv. accessorius Willisii. 
39. Plexus brachialis. 
Fig. 4. 
Distribution of Deepest Nerves of 
Head, Neck, and Orbit. 
a Os frontis. 
b Integuments of forehead, 
c Glandula lacrymalis. 
d Bulbus oculi. 
e Os maxillare superius. 
f Os maxillare inferius. 
g Mscl. rectus oculi superior, 
h M. rectus oculi inferior, 
i M. buccinator, 
k Lingua (tongue). 
1 Membrana mucosa oris, 
m Mscl. pterygoideus extemus. 
n M. pterygoideus intemus. 
Distribution of Deep Nerves of 
Head, Neck, and Orbit. 
Fig. 3. 
a Os frontis. 
b Skin of forehead and upper eyelids. Tab.xxv: 
lig. S 
Fig.i. 
Fig-. 2. 
'Fig..-i. 
A.Krausse sc.Leipzig. PLATE XXVI. 
NERVES OF INTERIOR OF HEAD, WITH ANTERIOR 
VIEW OF MEDULLA SPINALIS AND SPINAL 
NERVES, SYMPATHETIC OR GANGLIONIC TRUNK, 
AND NERVES OF PELVIS. 
Fig. 1. 
Fig. 3. 
Fig. 5. 
Nerves of deep Muscles of Head, portions 
of the Zygoma and Ramus of Inferior 
Maxilla being removed (left side). 
Vertical section of Bones of Face, show- 
ing distribution of Nasal Nerves and 
Branches of Third Division of Fifth 
Nerve (left side). 
Anterior view of Pons Varolii, Medulla 
Oblongata, Medulla Spinalis and Spinal 
Nerves, Sympathetic Ganglia, and Pel- 
vic Nerves. 
a Pars petrosa ossis temporum. * 
b Meatus auditorius internus. 
c Canalis caroticus. 
d Processus styloideus. 
e Foramen jugulare. 
f Meatus auditorius externus. 
g Atlas. 
h Yertebra cervici (7). 
i Vertebra dorsi (1). 
k Vertebra dorsi (12). 
1 Vertebra lumbalis (1). 
m Vertebra lumbalis (2). 
n Os sacrum, 
o Os coccygis. 
p First rib. 
q Last rib. 
r Crista ossis ilii. 
s M. sterno-cleido-mastoideus. 
t M. scalenus anticus. 
u M. scalenus medius. 
v Mm. intercostales interni, 
w Mm. intercostales externi. 
x M. quadratus lumborum. 
y M. psoas major, 
z M. iliacus internus. 
1. Art. carotis interna. 
2. Vena jugularis interna. 
3. Art. v. ven. intercostalis (posterior). 
4. Pons Varolii. 
5. Nerv. trigeminus (divided). 
6. Nerv. abducens. 
7. Nerv. facialis et acousticus. 
8. Nerv. glossopharyngeus, vagus et ac- 
cessorius (passing out through the 
internal jugular foramen). 
9. Nerv. accessorius Willisii. 
10. Nerv. vagus v. pneumo-gastricus. 
11. Nerv. hypoglossus v. lingualis. 
12. Ramus descendens nervi hypoglossi. 
13. Medulla oblongata. 
14. Decussatio pyramidum. 
15. Pars cervicalis medullas spinalis. 
16. Pars thoracica medullas spinalis. 
17. Bulbous expansion at end of spinal 
cord. 
18. Filum terrninale. 
19. Nerv. cervicalis (1). 
20. Nerv. cervicalis (8). 
21. Plexus cervicalis. 
22. Plexus brachialis. 
23. Nerv. dorsalis (1). 
24. Nerv. dorsalis (12). 
25. Nn. intercostales. 
26. Nerv. lumbalis (1). 
27. Nerv. lumbalis (5). 
28. Plexus lumbalis. 
29. Nerv. cruralis anterior. 
30. Nerv. ilio-hypogastricus (ramus exter- 
nus et internus), 
31. Nerv. ilio-inguinalis. 
32. Nerv. inguino-cutaneous. 
33. Nerv. obturatorius. 
34. Nerv. sacralis (1). 
35. Nerv. sacralis (5). 
36. Plexus sacralis. 
37. Nn. coccygei. 
38. Nerv. sympathicus. 
' 39. Ganglion cervicale supremum. 
40. Ganglion cervicale medium. 
41. Ganglion cervicale infimum. 
42. Ganglia thoracica. 
43. Ganglia lumbalia. 
•44. Ganglia sacralia. 
45. Ganglion coccygeum (or ganglion im- 
par). _ 
46. Connecting branches between sacral 
sympathetic nerves of right and left 
sides. 
47. Nervus ischiadicus. 
48. Nerv. inguinalis. 
a Maxilla inferior, 
b Temporo-maxillary articulation, 
c Section of zygoma, 
d Os malare. 
e Os maxillare superius. 
f Processus transversus atlantis. 
g Processus styloideus. 
h Meatus auditorius externus. 
i Musculus temporalis, 
k Mscl. masseter. 
1 M. pterygoideus externus. 
m M. pterygoideus internus. 
n M. buccinator, 
o M. orbicularis oris, 
p M. digastricus. 
1. Arteria carotis communis. 
2. Carotis externa. 
3. Carotis interna. 
4. Art. temporalis. 
5. Art. maxillaris externa v. facialis. 
6. Art. maxillaris interna. 
7. Art. temporalis profunda. 
8. Nervus facialis. 
9. Ramus superior nervi facialis. 
10. Ramus inferior nervi facialis. 
11. Nerv. marginalis. 
12. Nerv. subcutaneus colli superior. 
13. Nerv. auricularis anterior. 
14. Nerv. buccinatorius. 
15. Nerv. massetericus. 
16. Nervi temporales profundi. 
17. Nerv. maxillaris inferior. 
18. Nerv. mentalis. 
a Os frontis (sinus frontalis), 
b Os nasale. 
c Os ethmoideum (lamina cribrosa). 
d Os sphenoideum (sinus sphenoidalis). 
e Processus pterygoideus. 
f Palatum durum, 
g Canalis incisivus. 
h Uvula, 
i Septum nasi, 
k Maxilla inferior. 
I Foramen maxillare inferius. 
m Musculus pterygoideus internus. 
n Processus mastoideus. 
1. Arteria carotis interna (with plexus ca 
roticus internus nervi sympathici). 
2. Nervus trigeminus. 
3. Ramus (1) nervi trigemini. 
4. Ramus (2) nervi trigemini. 
5. Ramus (3) nervi trigemini, 
6. Nervus nasopalatinus Scarp®. 
7. Nerv. nasalis anterior (nerv. ethmoi- 
dal.). 
8. Nerv. lingualis (divided). 
9. Chorda tympani (divided). 
10. Nerv. maxillaris (with ramuli dentales) 
11. Nerv. mylohyoideus. 
Fig. 4. 
Yertical section of Bones of Face, showing 
internal distribution of the three divi- 
sions of Fifth Nerve (Trigemini). 
Fig. 2. 
a Os frontis (sinus frontalis), 
b Pars orbitalis ossis frontis. 
c Bulbus oculi. 
d Mscl. levator palpebrse superioris. 
e M. rectus oculi superior, 
f M. rectus inferior, 
g Nasal cavity and spongy bones, 
h Processus pterygoideus. 
i Foramen sphenopalatinum. 
k Palatum durum. 
1 Canalis pterygopalatinus 
m Maxilla inferior, 
n Mscl. pterygoideus internus. 
o Membrana tympani. 
1. Arteria maxillaris interna. 
2. Nervus opticus. 
3. Nerv. trigeminus with ganglion Gas- 
seri. 
4. Ramus (1) nervi trigemini. 
5. Ramus (2) nervi trigemini. 
6. Ramus (3) nervi trigemini. 
7. Nerv. frontalis. 
8. Nerv. nasalis. 
9. Nerv. ethmoidalis. 
10. Ganglion ciliare v. lenticulare. 
11. Radix brevis ganglii ciliaris. 
12. Radix longa ganglii ciliaris. 
13. Nervuli ciliares v. ganglio ciliari. 
14. Nerv. sphenopalatinus. 
15. Ganglion sphenopalatinum, or Meckel’s 
ganglion. 
16. Nervi nasales posteriores superiores. 
17. Nerv. pterygopalatinus. 
18. Nerv. nasales posteriores inferiores. 
19. Nerv. Yidianus superficialis. 
20. Nerv. gustatorius. 
21. Ganglion maxillare v. linguale. 
22. Nerv. pterygoideus. 
23. Nerv. facialis (in canalis Fallopii). 
24. Chorda tympani. 
25. Nerv. auricularis anterior. 
26. Ganglion oticum. 
Deep branches of the three divisions of 
the Fifth Pair of Nerves (Trigemini), 
with the Nerves of the Tympanum. 
a Ala magna ossis sphenoidei. 
h Os malare. 
c Os maxillare superius. 
d Maxilla inferior, 
e Pars petrosa ossis temporum. 
f Processus mastoideus. 
g Lingua (tongue), 
h Glandula submaxiHaris, 
i Glandula sublingualis, 
k Mscl. pterygoideus internus. 
1 M. pterygoideus externus. 
ra M. genioglossus. 
n M. hyoglossus. 
1. Arteria carotis interna. 
2. Nervus trigeminus. 
3. Ganglion semilunare v. Gasseri. 
4. Ramus ophthalmicus nervi trigemini. 
5. Ramus maxillaris superior nervi tri- 
gemini. 
6. Ramus maxillaris inferior nervi tri- 
gemini. 
7. Nerv. facialis. 
8. Nerv. Yidianus superficialis. 
9. Nerv. maxHlaris inferior. 
10. Nerv. mentalis. 
11. Nerv. mylohyoideus. 
12. Nerv. auricularis anterior (with art. 
meningea media). 
18. Nerv. gustatorius. 
14. Ganglion maxillare v. linguale. 
15. Nerv. temporalis profundus. 
16. Nerv. buccinatorius. 
17. Chorda tympani. 
18. Plexus caroticus internus (nervi sym- 
pathici), withnn. carotico-tympanici. Tab.xm 
Kg. 5. 
Tig. 1. 
fig. 3, 
Kg. 4 
A. JtrauTse .sc. Leipzig. PLATE XXYII. 
NERVES OF THE POSTERIOR AND LATERAL 
SURFACE OF TRUNK, DEEP PELVIC, 
AND SUPERFICIAL ANO-PERINEAL REGIONS 
Fig. 1. 
i M. latissimus dorsi. 
k M. biceps (caput breve). 
1 M. coraco-brachialis. 
m M. serratus anticus major, 
n M. subscapularis. 
o M. serratus posticus inferior, 
p Mm. intercostales, 
q M. transversalis abdominis, 
r M. rectus abdominis, 
s M. obliquus externus abdominis, 
t M. obliquus internns abdominis, 
u Art. carotis communis, 
v Art. subclavia. 
w Art. axillaris, 
x Yena jugularis interna, 
y Yen. subclavia. 
z Yen. axillaris. 
a Art. et ven. brachialis. 
P Art. et ven. subscapularis. 
y Art. et ven. thoracica longa. 
5 Art. et ven. thoracico-dorsah's. 
1. Nerv. cervicalis (5). ) 
2. Nerv. cervicalis (6). I Anterior branch- 
3. Nerv. cervicalis (7). )■ es forming cer- 
4. Nerv. cervicalis (8). j vical plexus. 
5. Nerv. dorsalis (1). j 
6. Nervus phrenicus. 
7. Ramus nerv. cervicalis (4) ad m. leva- 
torem scapulae. 
8. Nerv. suprascapularis v. scapularis. 
9. Nervi thoracici externi. 
10. Nerv. thoracicus longus. 
11. Ramus anterior v. thoracicus nerv. pec- 
toralis externi (from second intercos- 
tal nerve). 
12. Nerv. cutaneus intemus brachii poste- 
rior (from second intercostal nerve— 
nerves of Wrisberg). 
13. Nervi subscapulares. 
14. Nerv. cutaneus brachii internus. 
15. Nerv. cutaneus brachii medius. 
16. Nervus cutaneus brachii externus v. 
musculo-cutaneus v. perforans Cas- 
seri (perforating m. coraco-brachi- 
alis). 
17. Nerv. axillaris v. circumflexus humeri. 
18. Heads of nerv. medianus. 
19. Nerv. medianus. 
20. Nerv. ulnaris. 
21. Nerv. radialis. 
22. Nn. pectorales extemi from 2—7 nerv. 
intercost. 
23. Nn. pectorales interni from 2—7 nerv. 
intercost. 
24. Nn. abdominales interni. 
c Great sacro-sciatic ligament, 
d Corpus spongiosum urethrae, 
e Corpus cavernosum penis, 
f Anus, 
g Scrotum. 
h Mscl. acceleratores urinae. 
i M. ischio-cavemosus (erector penis), 
k M. transversus perinaei. 
1 M. sphincter ani externus. 
m M. levator ani. 
n M. adductor longus. 
o M. Gracilis, 
p M. adductor magnus. 
q M. Gluteus maximus. 
1. Nerv. pudendus communis. 
2. Nerv. perinaei v. pudendus internus. 
3. Nerv. dorsalis penis. 
4. Nn. scrotales inferiores. 
5. Nn. glutei inferiores. 
6. Nn. subcutanei perinaei. 
Superficial and deep Nerves on dorsum 
of Trunk. 
a Processus mastoideus. 
b Spina scapulae, 
c Crista ossis ilii. 
d Mscl. occipitalis, 
e M. trapezius, 
f M. deltoideus. 
g M. latissimus dorsi. 
h M. infraspinatus, 
i M. obliquus abdominis externus. 
k M. sacro-lumbalis. 
1 M. lumbo-costalis. 
m M. longissimus dorsi. 
n M. cervicalis ascendens. 
o M. transversalis cervicis. 
p M. trachelo-mastoideus. 
q M. complexus cervicis. 
r M. biventer cervicis. 
s M. trapezius, 
t M. obliquus capitis superior, 
u M. obliquus capitis inferior, 
v M. levator costae, 
w M. transversalis abdominis. 
1. Nervus occipitalis magnus. 
2. Nerv. occipitalis minor. 
3. Nerv. auricularis superior. 
4. Rami posteriores nervorum cervica- 
lium. 
5. Rami posteriores nervorum dorsalium 
with rami externi and interni. 
6. Nervi supraclaviculares posteriores. 
7. Nerv. cutaneus brachii posterior supe- 
rior. 
8. Ramus posterior nerv. cutanei brachii 
intern, posterior (of the nerv. inter- 
costal (2). 
9. Rami posteriores nervorum cutan. pec- 
toris (from posterior nervor. inter- 
costal) . 
10. Rami posteriores nervor. cutan. abdo- 
minis (from posterior nervor. inter- 
costal). 
11. Rami extemi dorsales (from poster, and 
inferior nerv. dorsal.). 
12. Rami posteriores nervor. lumbalium. 
13. Nervi glutei superiores posteriores. 
Fig. 4. 
Deep Pelvic Nerves and branches to side 
of Bladder and Penis—left surface. 
a Vertebra lumbalis. 
b Os sacrum, 
c Os coccygis. 
d Intestinum rectum, 
e Mscl. sphincter ani internns. 
f M.* levator ani. 
g M. erector penis, 
h Mm. acceleratores urinse. 
i Corpus spongiosum urethras, 
k Corpus cavern osum penis. 
1 Gians penis, 
m Scrotum. 
n Symphysis ossium pubis, 
o Mons Veneris, 
p Vesica urinaria, 
q Peritoneal surface of bladder, 
r Pars membranacea urethras, 
s Glandula prostata, 
t Ureter, 
u Vas deferens, 
v Peritonaeum, 
w Excavatio recto-vesicalis. 
x Arteria iliaca sinistra (with plexus hypoo-as- 
tricus). 
y Art. iliaca externa, 
z Art. iliaca interna. 
a Art. vesicalis. 
1. Plexus pudendo-hasmorrhoidalis. 
2. Rami anteriores nervor. sacral. 
3. Nervi htemorrhoidales (medii et infe- 
riores). 
4. Nervi vesicales. 
■ 5. Nerv. dorsalis penis, 
6. Pars lumbalis nervi sympathici. 
Nerves of Right Axillary Cavity and 
lateral surface of Trunk. 
Fig. 2. 
a Clavicula. 
b Mscl. scalenus anticus. 
c M. scalenus medius. 
d M. levator anguli scapulas, 
e M. deltoideus. 
f M. pectoralis major, 
g M. pectoralis minor 
h Processus coracoideus. 
Superficial Nerves of Ano-Perineal Region 
and Scrotum. 
Fig. 3. 
a Tuber ischii. 
b Ramus ascendens ossis ischii. Tab. XX. VII 
Fig: 2. 
Fi”. 1. 
Fig. 3. 
I’ i 4. 
A-.lCraixXse sc. Leipzig PLATE XXVIII. 
SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP NERVES OF POSTERIOR 
SURFACE OF SHOULDER AND UPPER 
EXTREMITIES, AND OF ANTERIOR SURFACE OF 
LOWER EXTREMITIES. 
Pig. 1. 
m M. teres minor, 
n M. deltoideus. 
o M. triceps humeri, 
p M. biceps and brachialis intemus. 
q Condylus intemus humeri, 
r M. supinator longus. 
s Mm. extensores carpi radiales. 
t M. supinator brevis, 
u Mm. flexores carpi, 
v M. extensor pollicis longus. 
w Mm. extensores primi and secundi inter- 
nodii pollicis. 
x Tendons of extensor digitorum communis, 
y Posterior annular ligament. 
1. Art. and ven. profunda brachii. 
3. Art. radialis dorsalis. 
3. Ven. cephalica brachii. 
4. Ven. basilica. 
5. Nervus suprascapularis. 
6. Nerv. supraspinatus of nervus supra- 
scapularis. 
7. Nerv. infraspinatus of nervus supra- 
scapularis. 
8. Nerv. axillaris. 
9. Nerv. cutaneus brachii posterior supe- 
rior. 
10. Nerv. musculo-spiralis v. radialis. 
11. Nerv. ulnaris. 
12. Nerv. interosseus extemus v. ramus 
profundus nervi radialis. 
13. Nerv. radialis superficialis. 
14. Nerv. cutaneus antibrachii externus 
superior. 
15. Ramus dorsalis nervi ulnaris. 
m M. pectinseua. 
n M. adductor longus. 
o M. adductor magnus. 
p M. cruralis. 
q M. vastus intemus. 
r Tendo extensorius cruris communis, 
s Patella, 
t Tibia. 
u Malleolus intemus. 
v Malleolus externus. 
w Ligamentum transversum v. vaginale 
cruris, 
x M. tibialis anticus. 
y M. extensor digitorum pedis longus. 
z M. peronseus longus. 
a M. peronmus brevis. 
j8 M. extensor pollicis pedis longus. 
7 M. extensor digitorum pedis brevis. 
5 M. extensor pollicis pedis brevis, 
e M. soleus. 
1. Aorta abdominalis. 
2. Arteria iliaca (communis). 
3. Art. iliaca interna. 
4. Art. femoralis. 
5. Vena femoralis. 
6. Yen. saphena magna. 
7. Yen. saphena parva. 
8. Plexus ischiadicus. 
9. Plexus lumbalis. 
10. Nervus cruralis anterior. 
11. Nerv. obturatorius. 
13. Nerv. cutaneus femoris anterior extern. 
13. Nerv. inguinalis. 
14. Nerv. inguino-cutaneus. 
15. Nerv. saphenus major. 
16. Nerv. cutaneus femoris anterior me- 
dius. 
17. Nerv. cutaneus femoris anterior inter- 
nus v. saphenus minor. 
18. Rami nervi ilio-hypogastrici. 
19. Rami nervi ilio-inguinalis. 
20. Rami musculares nervi cruralis. 
21. Nerv. peronmus superficialis with 
23. Nerv. cutaneus dorsi pedis intemus, et 
33. Nerv. cutaneus dorsi pedis medius. 
24. Nerv. cutaneus cruris extemus. 
35. Nerv. peronams profundus. 
26. Ramus intemus nervus peronasus pro- 
fundus. 
27. Ramus extemus nervus peronacus pro- 
fundus. 
28. Pars sacralis nerv. sympathici. 
Superficial Nerves on posterior surface of 
Upper Extremity—Eight. 
a Mscl. deltoideus. 
b M. latissimus dorsi. 
c M. triceps humeri, 
d Olecranon. 
e Condylus externus ossis brachii. 
f Capitulum ulnae, 
g Vena cephalica brachii. 
h Vena cephalica pollicis. 
i Vena basilica. 
1. Nervi supraclaviculares posteriores. 
3. Nerv. cutaneus brachii posterior supe- 
rior. 
3. Cutaneous branches of axillary plexus. 
4. Nerv. cutaneus antibrachii externus 
superior. 
5. Nerv. cutaneus brachii intemus poste- 
rior. 
6. Nerv. cutaneus brachii intemus minor. 
7. Ramus cutaneus (extemus) nervi mus- 
culo-cutanei. 
8. Ramus v. nerv. dorsalis radialis, with 
rami digitales dorsales for first, sec- 
ond, and third finger. 
9. Ramus posterior v. ulnaris of nerv. 
cutaneus brachii medius. 
10. Ramus dorsalis nervi ulnaris (with 
rami digitales dorsales for fourth 
and fifth finger). 
Fig. 2. 
Deep Nerves on posterior surface of 
Upper Extremity—Left. 
Fig. 3. 
Superficial and Deep Nerves on anterior 
surface of Lower Extremities. 
a Acromion scapulas, 
b Spina scapulae 
c Caput ossis humeri, 
d Olecranon, 
e Ulna, 
f Radius, 
g Os humeri. 
h Ligamentum transversum v. scapulae pro- 
prium posticum. 
i Musculus supraspinatus. 
k Mscl. infraspinatus, 
I M. teres major. 
a Promontorium ossis sacri. 
b Crista ilii. 
c Spina ilii anterior superior, 
d Symphysis ossium pubis, 
e Mscl. iliacus intemus, 
f M. psoas major, 
g M. sartorius. 
h M. glutasus medius. 
i M. tensor fascia; latse. 
k M. rectus femoris. 
1 M. vastus extemus. Fxo-,5. 
J 
IahXXVUL 
lig. i 
Fig. 2. 
11 ! 1 ■ ' I.IM V>7,l vT, PLATE XXIX. 
SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP NERVES ON 
THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF UPPER EXTREMITIES, 
AND POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE LOWER 
EXTREMITIES. 
Fig. 1. 
m Caput longum, musculi tricipitis extensoris. 
n M. supinator longus. 
o M. extensor carpi radialis longus. 
p M. pronator teres, 
q M. flexor carpi radialis. 
r M. supinator brevis, 
s Mm. flexores digitorum communes, 
t M. flexor carpi ulnaris. 
u M. flexor pollicis longus. 
v M. abductor and flexor brevis pollicis. 
w M. adductor pollicis. 
x M. abductor digiti minimi, 
y Ligamentum carpi volare profundum. 
z M. flexor digiti minimi. 
1. Arteria axillaris. 
2. Art. and ven. bracbialis. 
3. Art. and ven. ulnaris. 
4. Art. and ven. radialis. 
5. Arcus palmaris sublimis. 
6. Plexus axillaris (bracbialis). 
7. Nervus medianus (sending branches to 
both sides of thumb, index and 
middle fingers, and radial side of 
ring finger). 
8. Nerv. ulnaris. 
9. Nerv. ulnaris volaris (sending branches 
to ulnar side of ring, and both sides 
of little finger). 
10. Nerv. musculo-spiralis v. radialis. 
11. Nerv. interosseus externus. 
12. Nerv. radialis superficialis. 
13. Nerv. musculo-cutaneus. 
o M. semitendinosus. 
p M. semimembranosus, 
q M. gracilis, 
r M. sartorius. 
s M. adductor magnus. 
t M. gastrocnemius, 
u M. poplitmus. 
v M. soleus. 
w Mm. peronteus longus and brevis, 
x M. flexor pollicis pedis longus. 
y Mm. tibialis posticus and flexor digitorum 
communis longus. 
z Tendo Acbillis. 
1. Vena saphena parva. 
2. Art. and ven. tibialis postica. 
3. Nervi cutanei glutasi superiores (from 
posterior branches of lumbar nerves). 
4. Nerv. cutaneus femoris posterior. 
5. Nervi cutanei glut-mi inferiores. 
6. Rami nervi sapheni minoris. 
7. Nerv. saphenus major. 
8. Nerv. communicans fibularis (v. sa- 
phenus externus). 
9. Nerv. communicans tibialis. 
10. Nerv. cutaneus externus dorsi pedis. 
11. Nerv. glutseus superior. 
12. Nerv. glutseus inferior. 
13. Nerv. pudendus communis. 
14. Plexus ischiadicus. 
15. Nerv. cutaneus femoris posterior com- 
munis. 
16. Nerv. ischiadicus. 
17. Nerv. peronseus v. fibularis. 
18. Nerv. tibialis. 
19. Nerv. communicans fibularis. 
Superficial Nerves on Anterior Surface 
of Upper Extremity—Right. 
a Mscl. deltoideus. 
b M. pectoralis major, 
c M. biceps flexor cubiti. 
d Plica cubiti. 
e Capitulum ulnae, 
f Aponeurosis palmaris. 
g Fleshy ball of thumb, 
h Fleshy ball of little finger and palmaris 
brevis m. 
i Vena cephalica brachii. 
k Ven. basilica. 
1 Ven. mediana basilica, 
m Ven. mediana cephalica. 
1. Nervi supraclaviculares. 
2. Ramus cutaneus nervi axillaris. 
3. Nerv. cutaneus brachii intemus pos- 
terior. 
4. Nerv. cutaneus brachii intemus (mi- 
nor). 
5. Ramus nervi cutanei medii. 
6. Nerv. cutaneus brachii medius v. in- 
ternus major. 
7. Ramus cutaneus palmaris, nerv. cutan. 
medii. 
8. Ramus cutaneus ulnaris, nerv. cutan. 
medii. 
9. Ramus cutaneus nerv. musculo-cu- 
tanei. 
10. Ramus nervi radialis. 
11. Nerv. ulnaris volaris. 
12. Nervi digitales volares. 
Fig. 3. 
Fig. 2. 
Superficial and deep Nerves on Posterior 
Surface of Lower Extremities. 
Fig. 4. 
Deep Nerves on Anterior Surface of 
a Muscl. glutseus maximus. 
b M. glutaeus medius. 
c M. glutasus minimus, 
d M. pyriformis. 
e Mm. gemelli with obturator intemus ten- 
don. 
f M. quadratus femoris. 
g Tuber ischii. 
h Great sacro-sciatic ligament, 
i M. levator ani. 
k M. vastus externus. 
1 M. biceps femoris. 
m Caput breve, mscl. bicipitis. 
n Caput longum, mscl. bicipitis. 
Deep Nerves in Sole of Foot—Left. 
Upper Extremity—Left, 
a Caput ossis humeri, 
b Processus coracoideus. 
c Mscl. deltoideus. 
d M. pectoralis major, 
e M. pectoralis minor, 
f M. biceps flexor cubiti. 
g Caput breve, mscl. bicipitis. 
h Caput longum, mscl. bicipitis. 
i M. coraco-brachialis. 
k M. bracbialis intemus. 
1 Caput internum, musculi tricipitis exten- 
soris. 
a Tuberositas calcanei, 
b Mscl. abductor digiti minimi, 
c M. abductor pollicis pedis, 
d Tendo m. flexoris pollicis pedis longi. 
e M. flexor digitorum communis brevis, 
f Tendo Acbillis. 
g Malleolus intemus. 
b Malleolus externus. 
1. Nerv. tibialis. 
2. Nervi cutanei plantares. 
3. Nerv. plantaris intemus. 
4. Nerv. plantaris externus. Tig.3, 
Tab. XXIX, 
Fi <v 9 
Fig.l. 
A K rau lsc >c l.c'ipy.i'/ PLATE XXX. 
SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM OF NERVES, 
WITH THE PRINCIPAL CEREBRO-SPINAL NERVES IN 
CONNECTION THEREWITH. 
Figr. i. 
Fig. 3. 
Fig. 6. 
r M. scalenus medius and posticus, 
s Diaphragm, 
t M. quadratus lumborum. 
u Bronchus dexter, 
v Kidney. 
w Glandula suprarenalis. 
x (Esophagus, 
y Stomach, 
z Intestinum jejunum. 
“ Intestinum colon. 
0 Intestinum rectum. 
5 Vesica urinaria, 
e Ureter. 
C Prostate gland. 
V Vas deferens. 
6 Spermatic cord. 
t Art. and ven. spermatica interna 
with plexus spermaticus internus. 
k Penis. 
\ Scrotum and testiculus. 
/jl Vena azygos. 
v Vena cava superior, 
p Ductus thoracicus. 
1. Aorta descendens thoracica. 
2. Arteria innominata. 
8. Art. subclavia dextra. 
4. Art. carotis communis dextra. 
5. Art. carotis interna. 
6. Art. carotis externa. 
7. Art. thyroidea superior. 
8. Art. maxillaris externa v. fa- 
cialis. 
9. Art. occipitalis. 
10. Art. auricularis posterior, 
11. Art. temporalis. 
12. Artt. and w. pulmonales. 
13. Art. and ven. intercostalis. 
14. Aorta descendens abdominalis 
(with plexus aorticus in- 
ferior). 
15. Art. coeliaca with plexus coe- 
liacus. 
16. Art. renalis with plexus renalis. 
17. Art. mesenterica superior with 
plexus mesentericus superior. 
18. Art. mesenter. inferior with 
plexus mes. inf, 
19. Art. iliaca communis. 
20. Plexus hypogastricus superior. 
21. Plexus htemorrhoidalis. 
23. Plexus vesicalis. 
23. Plexus prostaticus, 
24. Plexus hypogastricus inferior. 
25. Artt. phrenicge inferiores with 
plexus phrenicus. 
26. Plexus gastricus magnus. 
27. Art. splenica with plexus 
splenicus. 
28. Art. hepatica with plexus 
hepaticus. 
29. Plexus solaria, with ganglia 
semilunaria. 
30. Ganglion lumbale. 
81. Ganglion sacrale. 
32. Ganglion thoracicum (1), 
33. Ganglion thoracicum (7). 
34. Nerv. splanchnicus major. 
35. Nerv. splanchnicus minor. 
36. Plexus thoracicus superior, 
37. Ganglion cervicale inferior. 
38. Ganglion cervicale medium. 
39. Ganglion cervicale superior. 
40. Plexus nervorum mollium. 
41. Nerv. auricularis anterior. 
42. Nerv. auricularis posterior. 
43. Nerv. facialis and pes an- 
serinus. 
44. Nerv. occipitalis minor and 
nerv. auricularis superior. 
45. Nerv. accessorius Willisii. 
46. Plexus cervicalis. 
47. Nerv. vagus. 
48. Nerv. recurrena. 
49. Nerv. phrenicus. 
50. Plexus brachialis, 
51. Plexus lumbalis. 
52. Plexus sacralis. 
53. Nerv. intercostalis. 
54. Plexus oesophageus. 
55. Plexus pulmonalis. 
56. Plexus pharyngeus. 
Nerves of left Orbit. 
Vertical section through Mastoid 
and Petrous portions of Tem- 
poral Bone, exposing cavity of 
Tympanum and Nerves travers- 
ing it. 
Posterior view of the distribution 
of the Par Vagum and Sympa- 
thetic Nerves, the Spinal 
Column being removed. 
a Os frontis (with sinus frontalis), 
b Os maxillare superius (with sinus 
maxillaris), 
c Os sphenoidale, 
d Bulbus oculi. 
e MusOulus rectus oculi externus. 
f Mscl. rectus oculi inferior, 
g M. obliquus oculi superior, 
h M. obliquus inferior, 
i M. rectus oculi superior, 
k M. levator palpebrse superioris. 
1 Arteria carotis interna. 
1. Nervus opticus. 
3. Nerv. oculomotorius (third 
nerve). 
3. Ramus superior) nervi oculo- 
4. Ramus inferior ) motorii. 
With radix brevis ganglii 
ciliaris. 
5. Nerv. trochlearis (fourth 
nerve). 
6. Nerv. trigeminus (fifth nerve). 
7. Ganglion semilunare. 
8. Ramus (1), nervi trigemini. 
9. Ramus (3), nervi trigemini. 
10. Ramus (3), nervi trigemini. 
11. Nerv. frontalis. 
13. Nerv. nasociliaris with 
18. Radix longa of the 
14. Ganglion ciliare v. lenticulare. 
15. Nervuli ciliares. 
16. Nerv. ethmoidalia. 
17. Nerv. trochlearis. 
18. Nerv. abducens. 
a Pars basilaris ossis occipitis. 
b Sella turcica (processus clinoidei 
posteriores). 
c Pars petrosa ossis temporum. 
d Canalis caroticus. 
e Processus mastoideus, 
f First rib. 
g Second rib. 
h Mscl. sternocleido-mastoideus. 
i, k, and 1 Pharynx (mscl. constrictor 
pharyngis superior, medius and 
inferior), 
m (Esophagus, 
n Bronchial tubes, 
o Arcus aortas. 
p Arteria carotis communis sinistra, 
q Art. subclavia sinistra, 
r Art, innominata. 
s Art. carotis communis dextra, 
t Art. subclavia dextra. 
u Art. mammaria interna, 
v Art. thyroidea superior, 
w Art. thyroidea inferior, 
x Art. pharyngea ascendens. 
y Art. cervicalis ascendens. 
z Art. carotis interna. 
1. Nerv. sympathicus. 
2. Ganglion cervicale supremum 
(with nerv. cardiacus longus, 
nervi laryngo-pharyngei, and 
connections with plexus cer- 
vicalis). 
3. Ganglion cervicale medium 
(with nerv. cardiacus medius 
and connections with plexus 
brachialis, nerv. vagus, re- 
currens and phrenicus). 
4. Ganglion cervicale infimum 
(with nerv. cardiacus mag- 
nus and connections with 
plexus brachialis, subclavius, 
and pulmonalis. 
5. Nerv. cervicalis (1). 
6. Nerv. cervicalis (2). 
7. Nerv. cervicalis (3). 
8. Nerv. cervicalis (4). 
9. Plexus brachialis. 
10. Nerv. intercostalis. 
11. Nerv. phrenicus. 
12. Nerv. vagus. 
13. Nerv. recurrens v. laryngeus 
inferior. 
14. Plexus pharyngeus (superior 
and inferior). 
15. Plexus oesophageus. 
16. Plexus pulmonalis. 
a Processus mastoideus, 
b Pars petrosa ossis temporum. 
c Canalis Fallopii. 
d Cavitas tympani. 
e Incus, 
f Malleus. 
g Musculus tensor tympani. 
1. Nervus facialis (portio dura of 
seventh nerve). 
2. Genu nervi facialis. 
3. Chorda tympani. 
4. Nerv. trigeminus. 
5. Ganglion semilunare. 
6. Ramus (1), nervi trigemini 
7. Ramus (2), nervi trigemini. 
8. Ramus (3), nervi trigemini. 
9. Nerv. auricularis anterior (with 
its double root). 
10. Ganglion oticum. 
11. Nervulus pro mscl tensore 
tympani 
13. Nerv. petrosus superficialis 
minor. 
13. Nerv. petrosus superficialis 
major. 
Cavity of left Tympanum, with 
course and branches of Facial 
Nerve through Fallopian Canal. 
a Pars petrosa, ossis temporum. 
b Pars mastoidea, ossis temporum. 
c Promontorium. 
d Fenestra ovalis. 
e Fenestra rotunda, 
f Tuba Eustachii. 
g Musculus tensor tympani. 
h Mscl. stapedius, 
i Arteria carotis interna, 
k Vena jugularis interna. 
1. Nervus facialis. 
2. Genu nervi facialis. 
3. Nerv. petrosus superficialis 
major. 
4. Nerv. petrosus superficialis 
minor. 
5. Nerv. glossopharyngeus. 
6. Nerv. tympanicus v. Jacob- 
sonii,with branches to fenes- 
tra rotunda, ovalis, cochlea, 
and int. carotid plexus. 
7. Nerv. petrosus profundus 
minor. 
8. Ramus auricularis nervi vagi. 
Fig. 4. 
Fig. 2. 
Vertical section of Head behind 
the left Ear, through the cavity 
of the Tympanum and Internal 
Ear, showing the Nerves in 
their course through these. 
a Os parietale, 
b Pars squamosa ossis temporum. 
c Pars mastoidea ossis temporum. 
d Pars petrosa ossis temporum. 
e Ala parva ossis sphenoidei. 
f Corpus ossis sphenoidei. 
g Processus pterygoideus. 
h Maxilla inferior, 
i Musculus pterygoideus intemus. 
k Mscl. tensor tympani. 
1 Membrana tympani (inner surface) 
with malleus and incus, 
m Auricula sinistra, 
n Parotis. 
o Arteria carotis externa, 
p Art. auricularis posterior, 
q Art. stylomastoidea. 
r Art. maxillaris interna, 
s Art. auricularis profunda, 
t Art. dentalis inferior, 
u Art. meningea media, 
y Art. pterygoidea. 
1. Nerv. trigeminus (fifth nerve). 
2. Portio major, nervi trigemini. 
3. Portio minor, nervi trigemini. 
4. Ganglion Gasseriv. semilunare. 
5. Ramus (1), nervi trigemini. 
6. Ramus (2), nervi trigemini, 
7. Ramus (3), nervi trigemini. 
8. Nerv. auricularis anterior. 
9. Nerv, dentalis inferior. 
10. Nerv. gustatorius. 
11. Nerv. pterygoideus. 
12. Ganglion oticum. 
13. Nervuli pro mscl. tensore palati 
mollis. 
14. Nervuli pro mscl. tensore tym- 
pani. 
15. Nerv. facialis (in canalis Fal- 
lopii). 
16. Chorda tympani. 
Distribution of Facial Nerve 
(portio dura) and Par Yagum 
or Pneumogastric, with the 
Sympathetic Ganglia and Nerves 
on lateral surface of Head and 
Trunk. 
Fig. 7. 
rig. 5. 
Nerves of the Palate and Tongue. 
a Labium superius. 
b Palatum durum, 
c Velum palatinumv. palatum molle. 
d Uvula. 
e Arcus glosso-palatinus. 
f Arcus pharyngo-palatinus. 
g Tonsilla. 
h Isthmus faucium. 
i Radix linguae. 
1. Nervi palatini (anterior, inter- 
nus and externus). 
3. Nervus glosso-pharyngeus. 
3. Ramus gustatorius nervi tri- 
gemini. 
4. Ramus nervi glosso-pharyngei 
(pro mscl. glosso-palatino). 
a Os maxillare inferius. 
b Os hyoides. 
c Clavicula. 
d First rib. 
e Second rib. 
f Eleventh rib. 
g Processus transversus vertebrae 
lumbalis. 
h Os sacrum, 
i Os pubis (symphysis), 
k Musculus zygomaticus major. 
1 Mscl. digastricus maxillae inferioris, 
m M. masseter. 
n Glandula parotis. 
o Glandula submaxillaris, 
p M. sterno-hyoideus. 
q M. scalenus anticus. K.,7, 
Tab. XXX. 
Eg, 2. 
Fig-1- 
PLg,.6. 
Fi o', 5 
O 
Kg. 4. 
Fig. 3. 
- KrairJ so sc.X,f»]p2‘ja PLATE XXXI. 
THE EAR, EXTERNAL AND INTERN AT. 
THE EYE, ORBIT, AND LACHRYMAL APPARATUS. 
Fig. I. 
q Lig. processus brevis in- 
cudis. 
r Entrance to mastoidean 
cells. 
s Tuba; Eustachii pars os- 
sea. 
t Tuba; Eustachii pars car- 
tilaginea. 
u Semicanalis pro m. ten- 
sore tympani. 
c Promontorium. 
d Canalis semicircularis su- 
perior, 
e Crus anterius 1 
f Ampulla os- |of superior 
sea superior V semicircu- 
g Crus poste- j lar canal. 
rius. J 
h Canalis semicircularis 
posterior v. inferior, 
i Crus superius) of poste- 
k Crus inferius j rior semi- 
-1 Ampulla os- j circular 
sea inferior J canal, 
m Canalis semicircul. exter- 
nus v. horizontalis. 
n Crus anterius 1 of 
o Crus poste- >■ horizontal 
rius ) canal, 
p Ampulla ossea anterior, 
q Inferior curve of cochlea, 
r Third (half) curve of coch- 
lea. 
s Cupula v. apex cochlea;. 
Fig. 14. 
e Mscl. levator palpebrse 
superioris. 
f Glandula lacrymalis. 
g Openings of Meibomian 
glands. 
h Glandulse Meibomian*, 
i Puncta lacrymalia. 
k Canaliculi lacrymales. 
1 Saccus lacrymalis. 
m Canalis lacrymalis, or na- 
sal duct. 
External Ear and Auricu- 
lar Muscles—Left. 
The Osseus or Bony Coch- 
lea-Left Bar—showing 
its internal arrangement. 
a Helix. 
b Spina v. processus acutus 
helicis. 
c Anthelix. 
d Crus superius anthelicis. 
e Crus inferius anthelicis. 
f Fossa innominata v. trian- 
gularis. 
g Scapha v. fossa navicu- 
laris. 
h Tragus, 
i Antitragus, 
k Incisura auriculae. 
1 Concha auris. 
m Opening of meatus audi- 
torius externus. 
n Mscl. attolens auriculas, 
o M. attrahens auriculae, 
p Mm. retrahentes auriculae, 
q M. helicis major, 
r M. helicis minor, 
s M. tragicus. 
t M. antitragicus. 
a Basis Cochleae, 
b Cupula v. apex cochleae, 
c First winding j - 
d Second winding i , 
e Third (half) wind- f 
f Outer wall } „ ~ 
g Inner wall [of cocMea- 
h Basis modioli, 
i Modiolus. 
k Apex modioli (columella). 
1 Connexion of modiolus 
with cupola, 
m Lamina spiralis ossea. 
n Scala tympani v. inferior, 
o- Scala vestibuli v. superior, 
p Termination of semicircu- 
lar canals (scyphus). 
The Internal organs of 
Hearing exposed con- 
jointly, without Bony 
Structures. 
Fig. 5. 
Upper surface of Orbital 
Cavities (the osseous 
structures being remov- 
ed), with Muscles and 
Nerves. 
Fig. 19. 
a Auricula externa (anterior 
margin), 
b Meatus auditor, externus. 
c Membrana tympani. 
d Malleus. 
e Processus longus mallei, 
f Manubrium mallei, 
g Incus. 
h Processus brevis incudis. 
i Processus longus incudis. 
k Ossiculum orbiculare Svl- 
vii. 
1 Stapes, 
m Vestibulum. 
» Canalis semicircularis su- 
perior. 
o Posterior canalis semicir- 
cularis. 
p Inferior canalis semicircu- 
laris. 
q Cochlea, 
r Cupola cochleae. 
a Cerebral surface of orbital 
plate of os frontis. 
b Crista galli. 
c Lamina cribrosa. 
d Corpus ossis sphenoidei. 
e Sella turcica, 
f Ala magna ossis sphenoi- 
dei. 
g Outer wall of orbit, 
h Bulbus oculi. 
i Glandula lacrymalis. 
k Mscl. rectus oculi supe- 
rior. 
1 M. rectus oculi internus. 
m M. obliquus oculi supe- 
rior. 
n Trochlea m. obliqui super, 
o M. levator palpebras supe- 
rioris. 
p M. rectus oculi externus. 
q M, occipito-frontalis. 
1. Arteria ophthalmica. 
2. Tractus opticus. 
8. Commissuranervorum 
opticorum. 
4. Nerv. opticus. 
5. Nerv. oculomotorius 
(third nerve). 
6. Nerv. trigeminus (fifth 
nerve). 
7. Ganglion semilunare 
v. Gasseri. 
8. Ramus oph-) 
thalmicus | N ■ 
9. Ram. maxilla- ! j.. 
ris superior f £ { 
10. Ram. maxilla- 
ris inferior. J 
11. Nerv. abducens (sixth 
nerve). 
12. Nerv. trochlear is 
(fourth nerve). 
13. Ramus frontalis nervi 
ophthalmici. 
14. Nerv. supraorbitalis. 
15. Nerv. lacrymalis. 
Fig. 11. 
Fig. 15. 
Fig. 2. 
Interior of Bony Labyrinth 
—Left Ear. 
The Osseous or Bony 
Cochlea—Left Ear—cut 
through its centre. 
Posterior view of Ear 
(Left), with Auricular 
Muscles. 
a Vestibulum. 
b Canalis semicircularis su- 
perior. 
c Canalis semicircularis pos- 
terior. 
d Canalis semicircularis ex- 
ternus. 
e Cochlea, 
f Lamina spiralis, 
g Scala tympani v. inferior. 
a—p As in Fig. 14. 
q Canalis centralis modioli. 
a Helix. 
b Fossa navicularis v. sca- 
pha. 
c Anthelix. 
d Concha. 
e Meatus auditorus extern. 
cartilagineus. 
f Mscl. attollens auriculae, 
g M. attrahens auriculae, 
h Mm. retrahentes auriculae, 
i M. transversus auriculae, 
k M. obliquus auriculae. 
Fig. 16. 
Facial surface of Eyelids 
and. Eye—Left side— 
with Blood-vessels and 
Nerves. 
Fig. 6. 
The Ossicula, or Bones of 
Tympanum, articulated 
with each other—Left 
Ear. 
a Musculi orbicularis oculi 
stratum externum, 
b Mscl. orbicularis stratum 
internum, 
c Palpebra superior, 
d Lig. palpebrale internum, 
e Mscl. frontalis, 
f M. zygomaticus major, 
g M. zygomaticus minor, 
h M. levator labii superioris 
proprius. 
i M. levator labii superioris 
alaeque nasi, 
k M. masseter. 
1. Arteria angularis. 
2. Art. ophthalmica. 
3. Art. dorsalis nasi. 
4. Art. temporalis. 
5. Ramus frontalis art. 
temporalis. 
6. Vena temporalis. 
7. Ven. facialis antericr. 
8. Ven. frontalis. 
9. Nerv. facialis rami zy- 
gomatici. 
10. Nerv. auricularis an- 
terior. 
11. Nerv. infraorbitalis. 
13. Nerv. supraorbitalis. 
13. Nerv. supratrochlea- 
ris. 
14. Nerv. infratroohlearis. 
15. Nerv. ethmoidalis. 
Interior of Labyrinth, with 
distribution of the 
Acoustic Nerve (Portio 
Mollis of seventh)—Left 
Ear. 
Fig, 12. 
Fig. 3. 
A. malleus. 
a Capitulum. 
b Superficies articularis ca- 
pitis, 
c Collum. 
d Processus longus. 
e Processus brevis, 
f Manubrium mallei. 
B. incus, 
a Corpus incudis. 
b Cavitas glenoidalis pro 
capitulo mallei, 
c Processus brevis, 
d Processus longus. 
e Ossiculum orbiculare v. 
lenticulare Sylvii. 
C. stapes. 
a Capitulum stapedis, 
b Crus anterius. 
c Crus posterius. 
d Basis, 
e Sulcus stapedis. 
Vertical Section of Tem- 
poral Bone, showing In- 
ternal Ear, Tympanum, 
Cochlea, and Semicircu- 
lar Canals—Left side. 
a Cochlea, 
b Cupula. 
c Border of spiral plate, 
d Nervus acousticus v. au- 
ditorius. 
e Nerv. cochleae, 
f Nerv. vestibuli. 
g Nerv. saccularis major, 
h Nerv. saccularis minor, 
i Nerv. ampullaris inferior, 
k Canalis semicircularis pos- 
terior. 
1 Ampulla inferior, 
m Canalis semicircularis su- 
perior, 
n Ampulla superior, 
o Common termination of 
superior and posterior 
semicircular canals, 
p Canalis semicircularis ex- 
ternus. 
q Sacculus oblongus. 
a Pars squamosa ossis tem- 
porum. 
b Pars petrosa ossis tem- 
porum. 
c Cavitas tympani. 
d Membrana tympani. 
e Caput mallei, 
f Incus. 
g Processus brevis incudis. 
h Processus longus incudis. 
i Capitulum stapedis, 
k Crus anterius stapedis. 
1 Crus posterius stapedis, 
m Basis (in the fenestra ova- 
lis) stapedis, 
n Mscl. tensor tympani, 
o M. stapedius, 
p Meatus auditorius inter- 
nus. 
q Cochlea, 
r Lamina spiralis, 
s Modiolus, 
t Scala tympani. 
u Scala vestibuli. 
v Vestibulum. 
w Canalis semicircularis pos- 
terior, 
x Tuba Bustachii. 
y Cellule mastoideas. 
z Canalis Fallopii (pro nerv. 
faciali). 
Fig. 20. 
Vertical section of Orbit 
and Globe of Eye, 
through centre, from 
before backwards. 
Incus—Left Ear. 
a Corpus Incudis. 
b Cavitas glenoidalis pro ca- 
pitulo mallei, 
c Processus brevis, 
d Processus longus. 
e Ossiculum orbiculare v. 
lenticulare Sylvii. 
Fig. 7. 
Fig. 17. 
a Os frontis. 
b Os maxillare superius. 
c Adipose tissue, 
d Mscl. frontalis, 
e Palpebra superior, 
f Palpebra inferior, 
g Mscl. obliquus oculi infe- 
rior. 
h M. rectus oculi inferior 
i M. rectus oculi externus. 
k M. rectus oculi superior. 
I M, levator palpebra; supe- 
rioris. 
m Nervus opticus. 
II Conjunctiva palpebrse. 
° Reflection of conjunctiva 
from inner surface of 
eyelids to globe Of eye. 
p Conjunctiva scleroticae 
(bulbi). 
q Conjunctiva cornese. 
r Cornea. 
s Membrane of aqueous 
humour lining anterior 
chamber, 
t Camera oculi an-j ... 
terior ,wlth 
u Camera oculi \ umol 
posterior J a(*ueus' 
v Sinus venosus iridis. 
w Tunica sclerotica, 
x Lens crystallina. 
y Corpus ciliare. 
z Corpus vitreum. 
a Tunica retina. 
[> Tunica Choroidea, 
Internal linings of Laby- 
rinth—Left Ear. 
Fig. 13. 
Anterior and Internal 
Muscles of Eye—Right. 
a Muscl. orbicularis stra- 
tum externum, 
b M. obliquus oculi inferior, 
c M. obliquus oculi superior, 
d Trochlea m. obliq. super, 
e M. occipito-frontalis. 
f M. levator labii superioris 
alaeque nasi, 
g M. levator labii superioris. 
h M. zygomaticus minor, 
i Adipose tissue surround- 
ing globe of eye. 
k Bulbus oculi (eyeball). 
1 M. rectus oculi superior, 
m M. rectus oculi intemus. 
n M. rectus oculi inferior, 
o M. rectus oculi externus. 
Fig. 8. 
a Sacculus rotundus. 
b Sacculus oblongus, alceus 
v. sinus comm, 
c Canalis semicircularis su- 
perior. 
d Ampulla membranacea 
superior, 
e Canalis semicircularis ex- 
ternus. 
f Ampulla membranacea 
anterior, 
g Canalis semicircularis pos- 
terior. 
h Common termination of 
superior and posterior 
semicircular canals, 
i Ampulla membranacea in- 
ferior. 
k First winding lof spiral 
1 Second winding j plate, or 
m Third (half) | lamina 
winding J spiralis, 
n Hamulus laminae spiralis, 
o Scyphus. 
p Zonula ossea laminae spi- 
ralis. 
q Zonula membranacea la- 
mina spiralis v. zona 
Valsalvae. 
Malleus—Left Ear. 
a Capitulum. 
b Superficies articularis ca- 
pitis, 
c Collum. 
d Processus longus. 
e Processus brevis, 
f Manubrium mallei. 
The cavity of the Tympa- 
num, showing the Ossi- 
cular or Small Bones of 
Hearing—Left side. 
Fig. 4. 
a Inner wall of typanum. 
b Fenestra rotunda, 
c Promontorium. 
d Caput mallei, 
e Processus longus mallei, 
f Manubrium mallei, 
g Processus brevis v. obtusis 
mallei, 
h Corpus incudis. 
i Processus brevis incudis. 
k Processus longus incudis, 
1 Stapes. 
m Eminentia papillaris, 
n Tendo mscl. stapedii. 
o Lig. capituli mallei v, 
superius. 
p Lig. incudis superius. 
Fig. 9. 
Stapes. 
a Capitulum stapedis, 
b Crus anterius. 
c Crus posterius. 
d Basis. 
e Sulcus stapedis. 
Lachrymal Apparatus of 
Eye and Eyelids—Left 
side. 
Fig. 18. 
Fig. 10. 
The Bony Labyrinth—Left 
Ear (external surface). 
a Margo supraorbitalis (os- 
sis frontis). 
b Margo infraorbitalis. 
c Bulbus oculi (eyeball), 
d Palpebra superior. 
a Fenestra ovalis. 
b Fenestra rotunda. Fig. 2. 
Tig. 3 
Fig. 4 
Fig. 1, 
Tab. XXXI 
Fig.2o 
l4 
Fig. 11 
Fig .15. 
Fig. 10 
Fiji, 19. 
Fig, 12. 
Ii g. h. 
Fig 6 
Fig. 13. 
Tig-8 
V isi 7 
Fig. 9 
Fig. IG. 
Fig. 18. 
Fig 17, 
\ AvraLulse sc. Le ip ■/.{<>. 
L o PLATE XXXII. 
THE LARYNX, WITH SECTIONS OF NASAL CAVITY 
AND MOUTH, THE TONGUE, AND FAUCES. 
Pig. 1. 
Pig. 4. 
c Septum nasi, 
d Superior spongy bone, 
e Middle spongy bone, 
f Inferior spongy bone, 
g Cellulae etbmoidales. 
b Sinus maxillaris v. antrum Higbmori. 
i Palatum durum. 
Anterior view of Larynx and Os Hyoides. 
a Corpus ossis byoidei. 
b Cornu majus ossis byoidei. 
c Cornu minus ossis byoidei. 
d Lig. tbyro-byoideum medium, 
e Lig. tbyro-byoideum laterale. 
i Cartilago tbyroidea. 
g Pomum Adami. 
b Cornua superiora v. majora. 
i Cartilago cricoidea. 
k Lig. crico-thyroideum medium. 
1 Lig. crico-thyroideum laterale. 
m.n Annulus cartilaginous tracheae (I) et (2). 
Upper or dorsal surface of Tongue, 
a Radix v. basis linguae, 
b Apex linguae, 
c Margines linguae, 
d Dorsum linguae, 
e Glandulae mucosae, 
f Foramen caecum, 
g Papillae vallatae v. truncatae. 
h Papillae fungiformes v. lenticulares. 
i Papillae minores (conicae et filiformes). 
k Fimbriae v. rugae transverse. 
1 Plica glosso-palatina. 
m Epiglottis. 
n Lig. glosso-epiglotticum v. frenulum epi- 
glottidis. 
Fig. 8. 
Vertical section of Nasal Cavity, Mouth 
and Larynx, through centre. 
a Sinus frontalis ossis frontis. 
b Os nasi. 
c Lamina cribrosa ossis etbmoidei. 
d Sinus spbenoidalis. 
e Palatum durum, 
f Canalis incisivus. 
g Maxilla inferior, 
b Os hyoideum. 
i Superior spongy bone, 
k Middle spongy bone. 
1 Inferior spongy bone, 
m Ostium pbaryngeum tubae Eustachii. 
n Palatum molle (uvula), 
o Pharynx, 
p Lingua (tongue), 
q Mscl. genioglossus. 
r M. geniobyoideus. 
s Epiglottis. 
t Lig. tbyro-arytaenoideum superius. 
u Lig. tbyro-arytaenoideum inferius. 
v Yentriculus Morgagnii. 
w Cartilago tbyroidea. 
x Cartilage arytaenoidea. 
y Cartilago cricoidea. 
z (Esophagus. 
Fig. 2. 
a Corpus ossis hyoidei. 
b Cornu minus ossis hyoidei. 
c Oomu majus ossis hyoidei. 
d Lig. tbyro-hyoideum laterale. 
e Cornu superius of thyroid cartilage, 
f Cartilage thyroidea. 
g Cartilage cricoidea. 
h Cartilago arytsenoidea. 
i Cartilago Santoriniana. 
k. 1 Epiglottis. 
Posterior view of Larynx. 
Inferior or concave surface of Tongue 
divided by longitudinal section. 
Fig. 5. 
a Os hyoideum. 
b Apex linguae, 
c Sublingual follicles, 
d Mscl. geniobyoideus. 
e M. tbyrohyoideus. 
f M. styloglossus, 
g M. byoglossus. 
h M. lingualis. 
i M. genioglossus. 
k Glandula submaxillaris. 
1 Nervus hypoglossus. 
m Nerv. lingualis. 
n Ganglion maxillare. 
o Radix mollis v. sympatbica. 
p Radix longa v. motoria. 
q Nervuli ad ductum Wbartonianum. 
r Connecting filament between nervi hypo 
glossi. 
Fig. 3. 
Arteries of Tongue, Palate, and Nasal 
Cavity. 
a Sinus frontalis, 
b Sinus spbenoidalis. 
c Superior spongy bone, 
d Middle spongy bone, 
e Inferior spongy bone, 
f Palatum durum, 
g Uvula, 
b Dorsum linguae, 
i Musculus styloglossus, 
k M. genioglossus. 
1 M. geniobyoideus. 
m M. byoglossus 
n M. mylohyoideus. 
o M. sternobyoideus. 
p M. geniobyoideus sinister, 
q M. omobyoideus. 
r M. stylopbaryngeus. 
b Cartilage tbyroidea. 
t Maxilla inferior. 
1. Arteria carotis communis. 
2. Art. carotis interna. 
3. Art. carotis externa. 
4. Art. tbyroidea superior. 
5. Art. laryngea superior. 
6. Art. lingualis. 
7. Ramus byoideus of art. lingualis, 
8. Art. dorsalis linguae. 
9. Art. maxillaris externa v. facialis. 
10. Art. sublingualis. 
11. Art. raminav. profunda linguae. 
12. Rami art. spbenopalatinae. 
13. Art. palatina superior. 
14. Art. etbmoidalis anterior. 
15. Art. etbmoidalis posterior. 
Vertical section of Nasal Cavity, Mouth 
and Larynx, to left side of centre. 
Fig. 9. 
Nasal Bones and Cartilages—anterior 
view. 
Fig. 6. 
a Sinus frontalis ossis frontis, 
b Os nasi, 
c Sinus spbenoidalis. 
d Lamina cribrosa ossis etbmoidei. 
e Os maxillare superius. 
f Canalis incisivus. 
g Palatum durum, 
b Palatum molle v. velum palatinum. 
i Lingua. 
k Os maxillare inferius. 
1 Mscl. genioglossus. 
m Septum nasi, 
n Posterior nares. 
o Pharynx, 
p Tonsilla. 
q Arcus pbaryngo-palatinus. 
r Epiglottis, 
s Frenulum epiglottidis. 
t Posterior wall of larynx, 
u (Esophagus, 
v Trachea, 
w Nervus olfactoriua. 
x Nerv. etbmoidalis v. nasalis anterior, 
y Nerv. nasopalatinus Scarpse. 
z Ganglion incisivum. 
a Processus nasalis ossis frontis. 
b Processus nasalis ossis maxillaris snpe 
rioris. 
c Ossa nasi. 
d Processus alveolaris maxillae superioris. 
e Spina nasalis anterior, 
f Cartilagines nasi laterales superiores. 
g Cartilagines nasi laterales Inferiores. 
b Cartilage alae nasi propria, 
i Cartilage lateralis inferior posterior, 
k Cartilagines alarum nasi minores. 
1 Cartilage septi narium. 
Fig. r. 
Vertical and transverse section of Nasal 
Cavity and Antrum Highmorianum 
through centre. 
a Orbita. 
b Lamina cribrosa ossis etbmoidei. Fig. 1 
Tab.HXU 
Pig. 3. 
Fig. 2. 
Eg 4. 
Fi j>. 5 
Kg.T 
TLg.B. 
Tig. 9. 
Fig. 6 
;V. luraufse sc.Leipzig. PLATE XXXIII. 
VISCERA OF THORAX, ABDOMEN, AND PELVIS 
(Anterior View). 
Fig. 1. 
VIII. Peritoneal coat of 
IX. Vesica urinaria. 
X. Ligamentum suspensorium hepatis. 
XI. Umbilicus. 
XII. Ligamentum teres hepatis (obliterated 
vena umbilicalis). 
XIII. Ligg. vesicae lateralia (obliterated artt. 
umbilicales). 
XIV. Lig. vesicae medium (obliterated ura- 
chus). 
XV. Stomach. 
XVI. Lobus dexter hepatis, with gall bladder. 
XVII. Lobus sinister hepatis, with gall blad- 
der. 
XVIII. Colon transversum. 
XIX. Intestinum caecum. 
XX. Intestinum jejunum and ileum. 
XXI. Colon descendens. 
XXII. S. romanum v. flexura iliaca. 
XXIII. Intestinum rectum. 
IX. (Esophagus. 
X. Stomach. 
XI. Spleen. 
XII. Left lobe of liver, a portion of left 
extremity being removed. 
XIII. Right lobe of liver. 
XIV. Gall bladder. 
XV. Lig. suspensorium hepatis. 
XVI. Duodenum. 
XVII. Jejunum. 
XV TIL Mesenterium. 
XIX. Caecum. 
XX. Processus vermiformis. 
XXI. Colon transversum. 
XXII. Flexura coli dextra. 
XXIII. Colon transversum. 
XXIV. Flexura coli sinistra. 
XXV. Colon descendens. 
XXVI. S. romanum v. flexura iliaca (sig- 
moid flexure of colon). 
XXVII. Rectum. 
XXVIII. Peritonaeum. 
XXIX. Ileum (divided). 
XXX. Penis (corpora cavernosa penis and 
spongiosum urethrae). 
The Thoracic Parietes with Viscera en- 
closed, the Abdomen and Abdominal 
Viscera in natural position. 
a Clavicula. 
b Sternum, 
c First rib. 
d Tenth rib. 
e Cartilagines costarum. 
f Os ilium, 
g Os pubis. 
h Musculus pectoralis minor, 
i Musculi intercostales intemi. 
k Mscl. triangularis stemi. 
1 M. subscapularis. 
m M. latissimus dorsi. 
n Mm. abdominales (m. obliquus extemus and 
intemus, transversalis). 
o M. sartorius. 
p M. rectus femoris. 
q M. tensor fasciae latae. 
r M. adductor femoris longus. 
s M. pectinaeus. 
t Ligamentum Poupartii. 
u Lig. suspensorium penis, 
v Penis, 
w Spermatic cord. 
x Divided margin of m. obliquus extemus. 
y Fascia transversalis. 
z Inferior pillar of external abdominal ring 
(annulus abdominalis). 
1. Arteria axillaris. 
2. Vena axillaris. 
3. Art. and ven. mammaria interna. 
4. Artt. intercostales anteriores superiores. 
5. Artt. intercostales anteriores inferiores. 
6. Rami sternales of art. mammaria in- 
terna. 
7. Plexus brachialis. 
8. Art. and ven. transversa scapulae with 
nerv. suprascapularis. 
9. Artt. intercostales posteriores. 
10. Nervi intercostales. 
11. Art. cruralis. 
12. Vena cruralis. 
13. Art. and ven. epigastrica. 
14. Vena saphena magna. 
15. Art. and ven. circumflexa ilium. 
16. Nervus cruralis. 
17. Ramus anterior nervi obturatorii. 
18. Nerv. cutaneus femoris anterior exter- 
nus. 
19. Ramus cutaneus nervi iliohypogastrici. 
20. Nerv. lumbo-inguinalis. 
I. Pleura costalis. 
11. Pulmo sinister. 
111. Mediastinum anticum. 
IV. Pleura phrenica. 
V. Diaphragm. 
VI. Peritonaeum. 
VII. Fossa inguinalis externa. 
Fig. 2. 
The Lungs in situ, the Deeper Abdominal 
Viscera, Small Intestines being re- 
moved. 
a Clavicula. 
b First rib. 
c Eleventh rib. 
d Crista ilii. 
e Musculus psoas major, 
f Mscl. iliacus intemus. 
g M. rectus femoris. 
h M. glutaeus medius. 
i M. vastus extemus. 
k M. obturator extemus. 
1 Lig. obturatorium. 
m M. adductor magnus. 
n M. adductor brevis, 
o M. adductor longus. 
p M. gracilis, 
q M. pectinaeus. 
r M. tensor fasciae latae. 
s M. sartorius. 
t M. cruxalis. . 
u Neck of femur, 
v Trochanter major. 
1. Arteria cruralis. 
2. Vena cruralis. 
3. Art. and ven. epigastrica superficialis. 
4. Art. and ven. profunda femoris. 
5. Art. and ven. circumflexa femoris ex- 
terna. 
6. Nervus obturatorius. 
I. Lobus superior of right lung. 
11. Lobus medius of right lung. 
111. Lobus inferior of right lung. 
IV. Lobus superior of left lung. 
V. Lobus inferior of left lung. 
VI. Pleura. 
VII. Mediastina antica. 
VIII. Diaphragm, 
Fig. 3. 
Under or Concave Surface of Liver. 
I. Lobus dexter. 
11. Lobus sinister. 
111. Lobulus quadratus. 
IV. Lobulus Spigelii. 
V. Porta hepatis. 
VI. Gallbladder, 
a Anterior margin, 
b Posterior margin, 
c Lig. suspensorium hepatis. 
d Lig. teres hepatis (in fossa umbilicalis). 
e Vena cava inferior, 
f Fossa ductus venosi. 
g Vena portae, 
h Arteria hepatica. 
i Ductus choledochus. 
k Ductus cysticus. 
1 Ductus hepaticus. 
Fig. 4. 
Internal arrangement of Hepatic Blood- 
vessels, the Liver being divided trans- 
versely. 
I.—V. as in Fig. 8. 
a—l as in Fig. 3. 
m Ductus venosus. 
n Art. cystica, 
o Fundus of gall bladder, 
p Collum of gall bladder, 
q Verne hepaticae. Ta h.XXXIIi 
Fig-. 2. 
Fig, 1. 
Fig. 3. 
Fig 4 
A-. JiTent'S#c, ,90. Leipzig PLATE XXXIY. 
PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF DIGESTION, WITH DEEPER 
BLOOD-VESSELS OF ABDOMINAL VISCERA. 
Fig. 1. 
s Vena port®, 
t Pancreas. 
1. Aorta descendens abdominalis. 
3. Art. phrenica inferior. 
3. Art. coeliaca. 
4. Art. coronaria ventriculi sinistra. 
5. Art. splenica. 
6. Art. hepatica. 
7. Art. coronaria ventriculi dextra. 
8. Art. gastro-duodenalis. 
9. Art. gastro-epiploica dextra. 
10. Art. pancreatico-duodenalis. 
11. Artt. v. rami breves ventriculi. 
13. Art. gastro-epiploica sinistra. 
13. Art. cystica. 
14. Art. oesophagea inferior. 
6. Art. mesenterica inferior. 
7. Vena mesenterica minor. 
8. Art. et ven. colica sinistra. 
9. Art. et ven, h®morrhoidalis interna. 
Liver, Stomach (raised upwards), Pan- 
creas, and Spleen in situ, with their 
principal Arteries. 
a Crura interna diapbragmatis. 
b Stomach, 
c Curvatura major, 
d Curvatura minor, 
e Saccus csecus v. fundus, 
f Cardiac extremity, 
g Pylorus, 
h Duodenum, 
i Pancreas, 
k Caput pancreatis. 
1 Cauda pancreatis. 
m Spleen. 
n Lobus sinister hepatis. 
o Lobulus quadratus hepatis. 
p Lobus dexter hepatis. 
q Gall bladder, 
r Ductus choledochus, 
s Vena port®. 
1. Aorta descendens abdominalis. 
3. Art. phrenica inferior. 
3. Art. coeliaca. 
4. Art. coronaria ventricula sinistra. 
5. Art. splenica. 
6. Art. hepatica. 
7. Art. coronaria ventriculi dextra. 
8. Art. gastro-duodenalis. 
9. Art. gastro-epiploica dextra. 
10. Art. pancreatico-duodenalis. 
11. Artt. v. rami breves ventriculi. 
13. Art. gastro-epiploica sinistra. 
13. Art. cystica. 
14. Art. mesenterica superior. 
Fig. 6. 
View of posterior surface of the deep Vis- 
cera of Abdomen and Pelvis, with 
principal Blood-vessels. 
a Tenth dorsal vertebra, 
b Last rib. 
c Os ilium, 
d Diaphragm, 
e Glandula suprarenalis. 
f Eight kidney, 
g Left kidney, 
h Sigmoid flexure of colon, 
i Colon ascendens and caecum, 
k Rectum. 
1. Aorta descendens abdominalis. 
3. Vena cava inferior. 
3. Art. and ven. renalis. 
4. Art. iliaca (communis). 
5. Ven. iliaca (communis). 
6. Art. iliaca interna. 
7. Ven. iliaca interna. 
8. Ven. iliaca externa. 
Fig. 3. 
Small Intestines (Jejunum and Ileum), 
Mesentery, and Mesenteric Vessels. 
a Omentum (raised and thrown back), 
b Intestinum caecum, 
c Colon ascendens v. dextrum. 
d Colon transversum. 
e Commencement of jejunum, 
f Intestinum jejunum, 
g Intestinum ileum, 
h Mesenterium. 
i Mesocolon dextrum. 
1. Art. mesenterica v. mesaraica superior. 
3. Vena mesenterica major. 
3. Artt. et vv. jejunales; 1 artt. et vv. in- 
4. Artt. et vv. ile®• ) testinales. 
5. Art. et ven. ileo-colica. • 
6. Art. et ven. colica dextra. 
Fig. 6. 
View of posterior surface of the superficial 
Viscera of Abdomen and Blood-vessels. 
a Vena cava inferior, 
b Liver, 
c Spleen, 
d Pancreas, 
e Caput pancreatis. 
f Cauda pancreatis. 
g Duodenum, 
h Ileum, 
i Caecum, 
k Colon ascendens. 
1 Colon descendena. 
m Sigmoid flexure of colon descendens. 
n Rectum. 
1. Art. coeliaca. 
3. Art. splenica. 
3. Art. hepatica. 
4. Art. mesenterica superior. 
5. Art. mesenterica inferior. 
6. Art. and ven. haemorrhoidalis interna. 
7. Art. colica sinistra. 
8. Ven. colica sinistra. 
9. Ven. mesenterica minor. 
10. Ven. splenica. 
11. Ven. mesenterica magna. 
13. Art. and ven. ilio-colica. 
13. Art. and ven. colica dextra. 
Fig. 4. 
Fig. 2. 
Large Intestines, with principal Blood- 
vessels. 
Under surface of Liver (raised upwards), 
with Stomach in situ, and principal 
Blood-vessels. 
a Divided end of jejunum, 
b Divided end of ileum, 
c Mesenterium (divided) with principal blood- 
vessels, 
d Intestinum caecum, 
e Colon ascendens v. dextrum. 
f Colon transversum. 
g Colon descendens v. sinistrum. 
h Flexura iliaca (sigmoid flexure), 
i Commencement of rectum, 
k Mesocolon transversum. 
1 Mesocolon dextrum. 
m Mesocolon sinistrum. 
n Mesocaecum. 
1. Art. mesenterica superior. 
2. Vena mesenterica major. 
3. Art. et ven. colica media. 
4. Art. et ven. colica dextra. 
5. Art. et ven. ileo-colica. 
a Crura interna diapbragmatis. 
b Stomach (anterior surface), 
c Curvatura major, 
d Curvatura minor, 
e Saccus csecus v. fundus, 
f Cardiac extremity, 
g Pylorus, 
h Duodenum, 
i Spleen. 
k Lobus sinister hepatis. 
1 Lobulus quadratus. 
m Lobulus Spigelii. 
n Lobus dexter hepatis. 
o Gall bladder, 
p Ductus cysticus. 
q Ductus hepaticus. 
r Ductus choledochus. Fig . 2,. 
Tab. XXXIV. 
Firf.l 
rig. 4. 
fig. 3. 
Fig. 6. 
FiS- 5. 
A. K rani s e sc. L eipaio PLATE XXXV. 
THORACIC AND ABDOMINAL VISCERA, WITH 
PRINCIPAL VESSELS, NERVES, AND LYMPHATICS. 
Fig. 1. 
k Diaphragm. 
1 Heart. 
m Bronchus sinister, 
n Kidney, 
o Pelvis renalis. 
p Ureter. 
q Glandula suprarenalis. 
r Peritonaeum, 
s Intestinum rectum, 
t Mscl. sphincter ani extemus. 
u Mscl. levator ani. 
v Great sacro-sciatic ligament, 
w Mscl. pyriformis. 
x Os ilii. 
y Mscl. psoas major, 
z Mm. glutaei. 
1. Arcus aortas. 
3. Aorta descendens thoracica. 
3. Aorta descendens abdominalis. 
4. Art. iliaca communis. 
5. Art. and ven. iliaca interna. 
6. Art. and ven. iliaca externa. 
7. Art. and ven. sacra media. 
8. Art. innominata. 
9. Art. subclavia. 
10. Art. carotis communis. 
11. Art. and ven. mammaria interna. 
13. Art. ven. and nerv. intercostales. 
13. Art. and ven. renalis (with ram. supra- 
renalis). 
14. Art. and ven. spermatica interna. 
15. Art. and ven. hsemorrhoidalis in- 
terna. 
16. Art. and vv. hasmorrhoidales mediae. 
17. Art. and ven. pudenda communis. 
18. Art. and ven. ischiadica. 
19. Art. and ven. glutaea superior. 
SO. Vena subclavia. 
31. Ven. cava superior. 
23. Ven. azygos. 
23. Ven. demiazygos. 
24. Ven. lumbalis (1 and 2). 
25. Ven. cava inferior. 
26. Ven. iliaca communis. 
27. Ductus thoracicus. 
38. Beceptaculum chyli. 
29. Glanduhe lumbales. 
30. Glandula! intercostales. 
31. Glandulae mediastini postici. 
33. Nerv. intercostalis (1). 
33. Ganglion thoracicum (1). 
34. Nerv. vagus. 
35. Nerv. recurrens vagi. 
36. Nerv. phrenicus. 
37. Pars thoracica (with ganglia thoracica) 
nerv. sympathici. 
38. Nerv. splanchnicus major and minor. 
39. Nerv. intercostalis (13). 
40. Nerv. lumbalis (1). 
41. Nerv. cutaneus femoris anterior exter- 
nus. 
43. Nerv. cruralis. 
43. Nerv. obturatorius. 
44. Ganglion lumbale nerv. sympathici. 
45. Plexus ischiadicus. 
46. Nervi sacrales. 
Fig. 3. 
Anterior View. 
Principal Cliylopoietic Viscera, Blood- 
vessels, and Ducts. 
a Clavicula. 
b First rib. 
c Glandula thyroidea. 
d Trachea, 
e Bronchus dexter, 
f Bronchus sinister, 
g Dorsal spine, 
h Pulmo dexter, 
i Mediastinum posticum. 
k Diaphragm. 
1 Stomach, 
m Spleen. 
n Lobus sinister hepatis. 
o Lobus dexter hepatis. 
p Colon ascendens. 
q Mesenterium. 
r Jejunum and ileum, 
s Gall bladder. 
t Ligamentum suspensorium hepatis. 
1. Arcus aortai. 
2. Aorta descendens thoracica. 
3. Arteria subclavia. 
4. Art. carotis communis. 
5. Art. innominata. 
6. Artt. and vv. intercostales. 
7. Vena cava superior. 
8. Ven. innominata v. jugularis communis 
dextra. 
9. Ven. innominata v. sinistra. 
10. Ven. subclavia. 
11. Ven. jugularis interna. 
13. Ven. azygos. 
13. Ven. demiazygos. 
14. Art. mesenterica. 
15. Ven.-magna. 
16. Artt. and vv. jejunales et ileae. 
17. Ductus thoracicus 
18. Ductus dexter v. minor. 
19. Glandulae bronchiales. 
30. Glandulae pulmonicae. 
21. Glandulae jugulares profundae. 
33. Glandulae axillares. 
. 23. Glandulae intercostales. 
24. Plexus mesentericus with glandulae 
mesentericae. 
a Lobus sinister of liver, under or concave 
surface. 
b Lobus quadratus of liver, under or concave 
surface. 
c Lobus dexter of liver, under or concave 
surface. 
d Lobulus Spigelii of liver, under or concave 
surface, 
e Gall bladder, 
f Ductus cysticus. 
g Ductus hepaticus. 
h Ductus communis choledochus. 
i Pars descendens duodeni, with place of en- 
trance of the ductus choledochus and 
k Ductus pancreaticus. 
1 Caput pancreatis. 
m Corpus pancreatis. 
n Cauda pancreatis. 
o Pars horizontalis inferior duodeni. 
p Stomach, 
q Spleen, 
r Left kidney. 
1. Aorta descendens abdominalis, 
2. Art. axis cceliaca. 
3. Art. coronaria ventriculi sinistra. 
4. Art. splenica and artt. pancreaticae. 
5. Art. hepatica. 
6. Art. gastro-duodenalis. 
7. Art. and ven. renalis. 
8. Art. and ven. mesenterica superior. 
9. Vena portae. 
Fig. 4. 
Posterior view of Solar Plexus and Minor 
Plexuses, with some of the Deep Blood- 
vessels. 
a Diaphragm. 
b Vena cava inferior (with vv. hepatica;). 
c (Esophagus. 
d Stomach divided (with branches of par 
vagum). 
e Spleen, 
f Caput pancreatis. 
g Cauda pancreatis. 
h Kidney. 
i Glandula suprarenalis. 
k Ureter. 
1. Aorta descendens abdominalis. 
3. Art. coronaria ventriculi sinistra. 
3. Art. splenica. 
4. Art. hepatica (with plexus hepaticus). 
5. Art. and ven, renalis (with plexus re- 
nalis). 
6. Art. and ven. spermatica interna (with 
plexus spermaticus internus). 
7. Art. mesenterica superior. 
8. Vena cava inferior. 
9. Plexus coeliacus v. Solaris. 
10. Plexus phrenicus. 
, 11. Plexus gastricus. 
13. Plexus splenieus. 
13. Plexus aorticus inferior v. abdominalis. 
Fig. 2. 
Posterior view. 
a Corpus of first dorsal vertebra, 
b Processus spinosus of first dorsal vertebra, 
c First rib. 
d Scapula, 
e Medulla spinalis, 
f (Esophagus, 
g Trachea, 
h Apex of right lung, 
i Pleura costalis. Fig i 
rig. 2 
Tul.. XXW. 
Ti£.S. 
Pig . 4, 
A. K.rauLse. sc.Leipzig PLATE XXXVI. 
GENITO-UEINARY ORGANS OF MALE AND 
FEMALE SUBJECTS. 
Figs. 1 & 2. 
p Vesiculm seminales. 
q Vas deferens, 
r Epididymis, 
s Testiculus. 
t Tunica vaginalis propria testiculi. 
u Spermatic cord (with art. ven. and nerv. 
spermat. intern.), 
v Glandula Cowperi. 
w Mscl. sphincter ani extemus. 
x Mscl. levator ani. 
y Anus. 
z Lig. suspensorium penis. 
1. Aorta descendens abdominalis. 
2. Art. iliaca communis. 
3. Art. and ven. iliaca externa. 
4. Art. and ven. iliaca interna. 
5. Vena cava inferior. 
6. Ven. iliaca communis. 
7. Artt. and vv. uterinas et vaginales. 
8. Art. and ven. spermatica interna. 
Internal structure of Kidney, with 
Blood-vessels and Ducts. 
a Cortical, cineritious or secreting surface 
(with tubuli contort! and Malpighian cor- 
puscles). 
b Pyramides Malpighii v. coni tubulosi. 
c Papilla renalis, or mammillary process, 
d Calyx renalis. 
e Pelvis renalis. 
f Ureter, 
g Arteria renalis. 
h V ena renalis. 
Fig. 8. 
Vertical section of Female Genito-urinary 
Organs, giving lateral view of Pelvic 
Viscera laid open—right side. 
Fig. 6. 
Fig. 3. 
Anterior view of external Male Genital 
Organs, the Integuments being removed 
on the right side. 
a Last lumbar vertebra, 
b Os sacrum, 
c Os coccygis. 
d Os pubis, 
e Intestinum rectum, 
f Anus. 
g Vesica urinaria, 
h Urachus, lig. vesicae medium, 
i Urethra. 
k Orificium urethrae externum. 
1 Labium pudendi externum, 
m Labium internum, nympha. 
n Gians clitoridis. 
o Corpus cavernosum clitoridis. 
p Orificium vaginae, 
q V agina. 
r Portio vaginalis uteri, with os uteri exter- 
num, 
s Cavum uteri, 
t Canalis colli uteri, 
u Fundus uteri 
v Ovarium, 
w Tuba Fallopii. 
x Fimbriae v. laciniae. 
y Peritonaeum, 
z Perinaeum. 
Anterior view of cavity of Bladder laid 
open, with section of Genital Organs in 
Male subject. 
a Dorsum penis, 
b Gians penis, 
c Praeputium. 
d Orificium cutaneum urethrae, 
e Lig. suspensorium penis, 
f Mons Veneris, 
g External abdominal ring, 
h Spermatic cord, 
i Scrotum. 
k Testiculus, with tunica vaginalis communis 
and propria. 
a Vertex of vesica urinaria, 
b Corpus of vesica urinaria, 
c Fundus of vesica urinaria, 
d Ureter. 
e Internal opening of ureter in bladder, 
f Plica; eminentes. 
g Trigone vesicale. 
h Collum vesicse. 
i Prostate gland. 
k Pars prostatica urethrae (with caput galli- 
naginis, and openings of common ejacu- 
latory ducts). 
1 Pars membranacea urethrae, 
m Glandula Cowperi. 
n Pars spongiosa urethrae 
o Corpus spongiosum urethra;, 
p Corpus cavernosum penis, 
q Gians penis, 
r Fossa navicularis. 
s Ostium cutaneum urethrae. 
Fig. 7. 
Anterior view of Female Genito-nrinary 
Organs and principal Blood-vessels, the 
Abdominal Parietes being removed. 
a Os ilium, 
b Crista ilii. 
c Acetabulum. 
d Ramus descendens ossis ischii. 
e Intestinum rectum, 
f Vesica urinaria, 
g Ureter, 
h Mscl. psoas, 
i Mscl. iliacus intemus. 
k Uterus. 
1 Lig. uteri rotundum. 
m Tuba Fallopii. 
n Corpus fimbriatum and orifice of Fallopian 
tube. 
o Lig. uteri latum, 
p Ovarium, 
q Lig. ovarii. 
r Portio vaginalis uteri and os uteri externum, 
s Vagina, 
t Clitoris. 
u Gians clitoridis, with prteputium and fre- 
nulum. 
v Labia interna, nyxnphse. 
w Labia externa v. majora. 
x Orificium urethra;, 
y Orificium vaginae, 
z Perinaeum. 
Fig. 4.—Vertical section of Pelvis and 
Pelvic Viscera in Male, giving a lateral 
view of Genito-nrinary Organs unopened 
—right side. Fig. s.—The same parts, 
the interior being exposed—left side. 
Figs. 4 & 5. 
Fig. 9. 
Transverse section of Female Genital 
Organs exposing the interior. 
a Labia pudendi. 
b Vagina (with columna rugarum posterior). 
c Portio vaginalis uteri, 
d Os uteri externum, 
e Collum uteri. 
f Canalis colli uteri with *, os uteri internum, 
g Corpus uteri, 
h Fundus uteri, 
i Cavum uteri. 
k Ostium uterinum tuba; Fallopii. 
1 Tuba Fallopii. 
m Corpus fimbriatum, with opening of Fallo- 
pian tube, 
n Ovarium, 
o Ligamentum ovarii, 
p Ala vespertilionis lig. uteri lati. 
q Lig. uteri rotundum. 
r Lig. uteri latum. 
a Vertebra lumbalis (5). 
b Os sacrum, 
c Os coccygis. 
d Os pubis, 
e Intestinum rectum, 
f Vesica urinaria, 
g Ureter, 
h Peritonaeum, 
i Penis. 
k Corpus cavernosum penis (with fibres of 
erector penis m.). 
1 Urethra, 
m Bulbus urethra;. 
n Isthmus v. pars membranacea urethras, 
o Prostate gland and prostatic portion of 
urethra. Pig. 5 
Fi&3 
Tab. XXXVI. 
Fi <S.4 
Fig. 2. 
Fig. 7. 
Fig. 1. 
Pig. 8. 
Fig.6 
Fig. .9. 
A. Kra. illso sc Leipzig PLATE XXXYII. 
FCE3TAL CIRCULATION, WITH PLACENTA 
AND UMBILICAL CORD, MUSCLES OF LARYNX AND 
LARYNGEAL INTERIOR, INTESTINUM CLECUM 
LAID OPEN.—THE TEETH. 
Fig. 1. 
Fig. 3. 
g Ventriculus laryngis. 
h Musculus thyro-aryt®noideus. 
i Tracheal opening. 
Foetal Organization 
a Epiglottis, 
b Plica ary-epiglottica. 
c Cartilago thyroidea. 
d Glandul® aryt®noide®. 
e Cartilago Santoriniana. 
f Corpusculum Wrisbergii, 
g Cartilago cricoidea. 
h Ligamentum cerato-cricoideum. 
i Musculus crico-aryt®noideus posticus, 
k Inferior bundle of fibres of musculus crico- 
aryt®noideus posticus attached to inferior 
cornu of thyroid cartilage. 
1 Mscl. aryt®noideus transversus. 
m Mscl. aryt®noideus obliquus. 
Internal Muscles of Larynx. 
a Right ventricle of heart, 
b Lv it ventricle of heart, 
c Left auricle of heart, 
d Origin of aorta, 
e Arcus aort®. 
f Arteria pulmonalis. 
g Left branch (divided), 
h Yen® pulmonales sinistr®. 
i Ductus arteriosus, 
k Aorta descendens. 
1 Vena cava superior, 
m Vena innominata sinistra, 
n Arteria iliaca communis, 
o Art. iliaca externa, 
p Art. iliaca interna, 
q Art. umbilicalis. 
r Umbilicus, 
s Vena umbilicalis. 
t Fundus of bladder, 
u Uraehus. 
v Placenta, 
w Amnion, 
x Chorion. 
y Spongy portion of placenta, 
z Left lobe of liver. 
a Right lobe of liver. 
0 Gall bladder. 
y Vena umbilicalis. 
5 Vena port® anastomosing with venaumbili 
calis. 
e Ductus venosus. 
i) Vena hepatica. 
6 Vena cava inferior. 
\ Lobulus Spigelii. 
fx Kidney. 
v Supra-renal capsule. 
Interior of Caecum or Caput Coli, and 
termination in it of Small Intestines. 
Fig. 6. 
a Ileum, 
b C®cum. 
c Colon aseendens. 
d Processus vermiformis. 
e Opening of vermiform appendix, 
f Valvula Bauhini. 
g Plic® sigmoide®. 
h Foss® of colon, 
i Serous coat of small intestine, 
k Muscular coat of small intestine. 
1 Mucous coat of small intestine. 
Fig. 4. 
Lateral view of Internal Muscles of 
Larynx, left wing of Thyroid Cartilage 
being removed. 
Fig. 7. 
Vertical Section of Inferior Lip and In- 
cisor Tooth in Alveolar socket of Lower 
Jaw. 
a Epiglottis, 
b Cartilago thyroidea. 
c Cartilago cricoidea. 
d Cartilaginous rings of trachea, 
e Cartilago aryt®noidea. 
f Membrana hyo-epiglottica. 
g Musculus crico-thyroideus. 
h M. crico-aryt®noideus posticus, 
i M. crico-aryt®noideus lateralis, 
k Fibres of the preceding which proceed to 
be attached to the base of the aryt®noid 
cartilage. 
1 M. thyro-epiglotticus. 
m M. thyro-aryt®noideus. 
n M. aryt®noideus transversus. 
o M. thyro-aryt®noideus superior, 
p M. ary-epiglotticus. 
a Gum attached to neck of tooth, 
b Alveolar periosteum, 
c Enamel coating, 
d Osseous tissue. 
e Dental cavity containing pulp of tooth, 
f Dental canal, 
g Nerve supplying pulp. 
Fig. 8. 
The Teeth. 
a Central incisor, front view. 
a Crown. 
0 Neck. 
y Root or fang, 
b Lateral view of root or fang, 
c Section of root or fang. 
S Dental cavity, 
e Dental canal, 
d Canine tooth, front view (cuspidati). 
e Canine tooth, lateral view, 
f Section of canine tooth, 
g Bicuspid tooth, front view (bicuspidati). 
h Bicuspid tooth, lateral view, 
i Section of bicuspid tooth, 
k Molar tooth, front view (molares). 
1 Molar tooth, lateral view, 
m Section of molar tooth. 
Fig. 2. 
External Muscles of Larynx. 
Posterior view of Interior of cavity of 
Larynx. 
Fig. 5. 
a Cartilago thyroidea. 
b Cartilago cricoidea. 
c First ring of trachea, 
d Ligamentum crico-thyroideum medium, 
e Musculus crico-thyroideus. 
f Superior bundle of fibres of musculus crico 
thyroideus. 
a Posterior surface of epiglottis, 
b Os hyoideum. 
c Cartilage thyroidea. 
d Cartilage cricoidea. 
e Upper chord® vocales. 
f Lower chord® vocales. Tab. XXXVII. 
rig. 3. 
Tig. 4. 
Tig.l. 
Tig. 2. 
Tig. ra. 
Tig. 6. 
Tig.7. 
Tig.B. 
A. Kraibsse, gtst