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ARMY
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER,
FOR  TWELVE YEARS
FROM  1843  TO 1854, INCLUSIVE
COMPIILED FROM OBSERVATIONS MADE BY
THE OFFICERS  OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY,
MILITARY POSTS OF THE UNITED STATES.
      PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF

BREVET BRIGADIER GENERAL THOMAS LAWSON,
         SURGEON GENERAL UNITED STATES ARMY
                           V-

•■^s? -Li- ~V-
|)nWisj}d> % mitjjoritj of Don. |rfftrson gabis, i&mttarj of Slur.
   WASHINGTON:
A. 0. P. NICHOLSON, PUBLIC PPJNTER.
       1 8 5 5 . 
 QC
 L)5<pm
0 1855 
                                                             SiJRGEON GENERAL'S OFFICE,
                                                                             October 15,  1855.
     Bvt. Brig. Gen. Thomas Lawson,
               Surgeon  General  U.  S.  Army.

     SIR :  The volume which I have now the honor to submit, has been prepared  in accordance with
your general  instructions, given at  the time you were pleased to intrust me with the  immediate
charge  of  that  portion  of  the  business of this office which  relates to meteorology,  and to the
statistics of sickness and mortality in the army.
     The meteorological  records of this  bureau  prior to 1842 having already been published, there
remained for  examination those  only which had accumulated since January, 1843 ; at  which time
the new and improved system of observations went into operation.  These proved so abundant that
a  division  seemed necessary for the purposes of publication, and it was determined to  confine the
present work  to the observations of  the thermometer, direction and force of winds, clearness of sky,
and fall of rain and snow.  To these were subsequently added  a series  of consolidated temperature
and rain tables ; the former representing the results of all the records of thermometrical  observa-
tions since 1822, and the latter exhibiting all measurements of rain since 1836.
     In  addition to the  labor involved  in the construction of the series of consolidated temperature
and rain tables, and the investigations  necessary for determining the precise geographical position
and altitude above the  sea of  the several stations,  the preparation of this work has required the
careful  and minute  examination and computation  of over eight  thousand  monthly registers, con-
taining in the aggregate nearly four millions  of observations.  In  the  monthly tables, each  line
represents  the results of 480 observations, exclusive of those on the fall of rain and  snow;  and
gives, in addition  thereto, the  range of the thermometer, the number of fair and  cloudy days, and
days of rain and snow.
     The means of  observations of the thermometer, as given in this Register, have been deduced from
the four daily observations, instead of the two  at sunrise and 3 p. m. , as originally directed by the
department; it  having  been satisfactorily shown by the data  in this office,  that the  result thus
obtained more nearly approximated the  true daily mean as determined by hourly observations.
     The thermometers used by  the medical officers during the last twelve years, were made to order
by Mr.  George Tagliabue, philosophical instrument  maker, New York, after standard No.  6 of the
National Observatory, with which they were compared at four points, viz: 32°, 52°,  72°, and 92°.
In examining  the  consolidated temperature tables, the fact that previous to 1843 the  thermometers
furnished were not so uniformly or carefully constructed, should be considered. 
iv
    The formula adopted for expressing the "number of observations and sum of force  of winds,"
and  "mean clearness of sky," are explained in the  "directions for taking meteorological observa-
tions," as given in the introduction to this volume.   The number of days fair and cloudy have been
determined  from the original  daily observations ; those in  which the aggregate  of the four daily
observations as  expressed in figures  exceeded 20, being recorded as fair, and those less than that
number, as cloudy.  The number of days on which it rained or snowed are recorded separately.
    No effort has been  spared to make  the work as free from error as possible.   The arrangement
of the stations in geographical districts  having similar climatological features has facilitated  the
detection of erroneous computations.   The annual summaries served to prove  the  correctness of the
monthly tables ; and the consolidated tables afforded a third point of comparison, so far as regards
the temperature and rain observations.   All  observations  have been  given  as originally recorded ;
but  in  cases  where there  were good reasons for  doubting their accuracy,  the doubt  has been
expressed.
    The general arrangement of the tables, and the grouping of the stations in climatological dis-
tricts, were adopted principally at the suggestion of Lorin Blodget, Esq., who has been associated
with me in the preparation  of  the entire  work.   The isothermal and rain charts were designed and
prepared exclusively by him, and he  is entitled to whatever of scientific value  may attach to them,
and to the accompanying report explanatory of the principles upon which they were constructed, and
of the results which they exhibit.
    The map which serves as a basis for these  charts has been most carefully drawn, under my
direction.  Its coast outline was determined by reference to the latest published charts of the United
States Coast Survey ; the topography of the interior, west of the Mississippi  river,  is given  from the
reports and maps of recent  explorations for a route for a railroad to the Pacific ; and all the military
posts at which observations  have been taken, are located with great exactness.
    In conclusion, I beg permission to state that I have shared in the laborious computations of this
work, to the fullest extent which my more imperative duties to the sick would  permit; and that every
portion thereof has received my careful examination and supervision.
                          Very respectfully, your most obedient servant,
                                                     RICHARD H. COOLIDGE,
                                                                     Assistant  Surgeon
                                                                              U.  S.  Army. 
INTRODUCTION.
     Previous to the year 1818 we' possess no records  of meteorological observations  taken  in  the
 United States on an extensive scale.   In that year Congress, acting upon the recommendation of the
 Hon. John C. Calhoun, then  Secretary of War, created the office  of Surgeon General of the  Army,
 to which Hospital Surgeon Joseph Lovell was immediately appointed.   The Medical Department was
 not, however, fully organized upon its present basis until the year 1821.
     Soon  after  his  appointment, Surgeon General Lovell  submitted to the Secretary of War for
 approval, a system of regulations for the government of the Medical Department.  Therein,  among
 other duties, the surgeon was required "to keep a diary of the weather, and  to  note everything of
 importance relating to the medical topography of his station, the climate, diseases prevalent in the
 vicinity,"  &c, and transmit it quarterly to the Medical Bureau at Washington.   The earliest regis-
 ters thus forwarded and on file in the Surgeon General's Office are dated January,  1819.
     Thus did the Medical Department, at its very origin as a distinct branch of the staff of the army,
 enter upon a system of meteorological observations, in which it has since been followed by the States
 of New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, and also by the Smithsonian Institution.  New York com-
 menced in  1825, Pennsylvania in 1836, Ohio in 1842, and the Smithsonian Institution in 1849.
     The only instruments used at first were a thermometer and  vane ; and the observations were
 confined to the temperature of the air and the course of the winds, with general notices of the weather.
 The thermometer was noted at 7 A. M., 2 p. m., and 9 p. m., and the winds and weather were observed
 morning, noon, and evening.   Early in the year 1836 a rain gauge was furnished to each post, and the
 daily fall of rain recorded in  the register.  No change was made in the hours of observation until
 January, 1841, when " sunrise" was substituted for 1 a. M.; and in 1842 the number of daily obser-
 vations were increased to four, and the hours adopted were " sunrise, 2 p. m., sunset, and 9 p. m."
     The results of the observations for 1820 and 1821 were published at the  end of each year.  Those
 of subsequent observations have been published in a series of army meteorological registers, of  which
 the first volume, embracing the years from 1822 to 1825, inclusive, was issued by Surgeon General
 Lovell in 1826.  The second and third volumes of the  series, comprising respectively the years from
 1826 to 1830, and from 1831 to 1842, inclusive, were prepared and published, the former in 1840, and
the latter in 1851, under the direction of the present  Surgeon General, Doctor Thomas Lawsou, who
succeeded to that office upon the death of Doctor Lovell, in October, 1836. 
VI
INTRODUCTION.
    Prompted by a desire to make the labors of the medical officers in the field of meteorology more
practically useful, in elucidating and defining the relations of atmospheric vicissitudes and phenomena
in the causation and development of disease ; and at the same time to render them available for the
purposes of science  in general; the Surgeon General in 1840 and 1841 applied to Congress for an
appropriation to enable him to extend the system, and render it more complete.   With the  funds
appropriated for this purpose, a number of barometers and hygrometers were imported from Europe,
and distributed to certain selected stations for experiment.
    In  May, 1842, the Army Medical Board,  then in  session  at Philadelphia, was instructed to
prepare practical directions for taking meteorological  observations in an  extended form.   "The
Board, consisting of Surgeons Thomas G. Mower and Henry A. Stinnecke, and Assistant Surgeon John
M. Cuyler, diligently sought information from all authentic sources within their reach, and at length
drew up a set of directions, which were submitted for the approval of the Surgeon General, and  Secre-
tary of  War, and finally adopted for the government of the medical officers in their  meteorological
observations.   In preparing these directions the Board received valuable aid from Professor A. D.
Bache, Professor Bartlett, of the  United States Military Academy, J. P. Espy, Esq., and from  the
instructions of the Regents of the University of New York, of the Franklin Institute, at Philadelphia,
and of the Royal Society, London."
    The system thus extended,  went into operation on the first day of January, 1843.   It embraced four
observations daily of the  barometer, attached  thermometer, thermometer  detached, clearness of the
sky, direction and force  of the wind, and the direction and velocity of the clouds.  To  these were
added  two daily observations on the wet-bulb thermometer, and  the  measurement of rain and  snow.
Hourly observations of the barometer, thermometer, &c, were also directed to be taken for twenty-
four hours at the equinoxes and solstices.
    The following  " directions," drawn up by the Board and adopted by the Department, were pub-
lished for the use of the officers of the medical staff, who were required to obey them in  all respects
with the utmost strictness and  regularity, and were held officially responsible for the accuracy of their
observations.
         DIRECTIONS  FOR  TAKING METEOROLOGICAL  OBSERVATIONS.
     Observations of the barometer, with its attached thermometer, of the thermometer, (detached,)
the clearness of the sky, the  direction and force of the wind, and the direction and velocity of the
clouds, will be made at a little before sunrise, 9 a. m., 3 p. m., and 9 p. m.
     Observations of the wet-bulb thermometer are to be taken at a little before sunrise, and at 3 p. m.
     At every fall of rain, snow,  hail,  or sleet, the time of its commencement and end  will be
recorded, and the quantity which fell, as indicated by the rain-gauge.
     Each of the  above observations will be registered, as  soon as made,  in its appropriate column.
Should however, an observation be from  necessity omitted at any of the regular periods, it is enjoined
that a blank be  left  on the  register in the place where the omitted observation should have been
recorded.
     The  " daily mean'"  of the thermometer (detached)  is to be found by adding together the obser-
vations at sunrise and 3 p.  m., and halving the sum. 
INTRODUCTION.
Vll
    At the end of the month add  up each column of figures on the register, under the heads of
" barometer," " thermometer attached," " thermometer detached,"  " clearness of the sky," and "wet-
bulb,"  and divide  the  sum by the number of days  on which observations were made.   The quotient
will be placed at the foot of each column,  upon the line marked " monthly mean."
    The " quantity of rain"  will also be added up, and the sum  placed at the foot of the proper
column.
    In all entries  on the register, fractions will be expressed in decimals.

                                        BAROMETER.
    The instrument adopted by the Department is the syphon barometer of Bunten.*

                              THERMOMETER (DETACHED.)
    The thermometer  will be placed in a situation  having a free  circulation of air, not exposed to
the direct  or reflected rays  of the  sun,,  and sheltered from rain.  Its situation  should be remote
from massy walls,  which slowly imbibe or  part with caloric.   In making observations avoid breathing
on  the instrument, or touching it; and at night  manage your lamp so as not to  cause a rise of the
mercury by its heat.
                                 CLEARNESS OF THE SKY.
    The amount of clear sky, at the hours of observation, will be designated by the figures 0,  1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,  and 10; 0 signifying no clear sky; 1, a very small portion of  clear sky; and so on
to 10, which indicates  the entire absence of clouds, or haze.

                                            WIND.
    The direction  and estimated force of the  wind will be registered together.
    The direction  will be  expressed, as is customary, by  the  letters which denote the points  of the
compass, as W., S.W., S.S.W., &c.   The force of  the wind will be expressed  by figures from 0 to
10, thus:
                          0 will signify  a calm ;
                                        a barely perceptible breeze ;
                                        a gentle breeze;
                                        a moderate breeze ;
                                        a brisk breeze;
                                        a strong wind;
                                        a very strong wind ;
                                        a storm;
                                        a great storm ;
                                        a hurricane ;
                                        a violent hurricane.
    For example :—should the wind blow a brisk breeze from W.S.W., the expression in the register
would be W.S.W.  4.
1 2	CC It cc cc
3	cc cc
4	ic cc
5	a cc
6	cc cc
7	cc cc
8	cc cc
9	cc cc
10	iC cc
   * The somewhat lengthy and minute directions respecting the barometer and attached thermometer are omitted, as they have no
direct connection witli this volume. 
VI11
INTRODUCTION.
                                           CLOUDS.
     As several strata or currents of clouds often exist at different heights, the direction and velocity
of motion of the lowest stratum only will be registered under the head of clouds, using the same  ex-
pressions as in registering the wind.  Thus, should the clouds move briskly from the  S.W.,  the
expression would be S.W. 4. the letters denoting the direction, and  the  figure the velocity of  the
motion.
                                         WET-BULB.

     The  hygrometric condition of the atmosphere may be indirectly determined by ascertaining  the
degree of refrigeration produced by the evaporation of water in the open air.  The most easy method
of finding this  is to wet  the bulb of  a thermometer covered round with fine gauze, and swing  the
instrument in the open air, in the shade, until the mercury sinks as low as it will.
     The current of air upon the wet-bulb should be kept up (by swinging)  as long as the mercury
continues to descend in the tube of the instrument, and for a few minutes after it becomes stationary,
in order to insure the full effect of the evaporation, and the lowest degree to which  the mercury can
be  forced to descend by this process, will constitute the observation required, and, as such, it will be
recorded on the Register, in the column headed "Wet-Bulb."
     The water used to wet the bulb of the Thermometer should be as nearly as possible at the  same
temperature as the air, at the time of taking the observation.  It should not be poured upon  the bulb
of the thermometer, but applied with a bit of sponge, a fine brush, or any similar substance, and when
the temperature is near, or below  the freezing point, care should be taken simply to moisten the gauze.

                                            RAIN.
     The instrument used to measure the quantity of rain which falls is the conical rain gauge.
     It will be kept remote from all elevated structures, at a distance at least equal to their height, and
still further off, where  it can be conveniently done.  It is to be suspended in a circular opening made
in a board, which is to be fixed to a post, eight feet from the ground ; the opening to be five inches in
diameter, and bevelled so as to  fit the side of the gauge, into which  the  cap is to  be fixed,  base
downwards, to prevent evaporation.  The measurement is made by putting down  perpendicularly to
the bottom of the gauge the measuring stick, and applying it, from its point to the water mark,  on
the scale, which will express the quantity in inches, or their decimals.  The graduation  of the  scale
is by hundredths of an inch for the first three tenths of an inch,  and  above that by tenths  and half
tenths.   Parts of degrees will be measured by the eye, and set down in decimals.  If a rain continue
for any length of time, the quantity in the gauge will  be  measured at  suitable intervals, before the
water rises high in it, and the measurements summed up at the close.
     In  freezing weather, when the rain gauge cannot be used out of doors, it  will be taken  into the
room, and a tin vessel will be substituted for receiving the snow, rain,  or  sleet, that may then fall.
This vessel must have its opening exactly equal to that of the rain  gauge, and  widen downwards to a
sufficient depth  with a  considerable slope. It  should be placed  where nothing can  obstruct the
descending snow from entering, and where no drift snow can be blown into  it.   During a  continued
snow storm, the snow may be occasionally pressed down.  The contents of the  vessel must  be melted
by placing it near the fire,  with a cover to prevent evaporation,  and the water  produced poured into
the  ^auge to ascertain its quantity, which must then be entered on the register. 
                                    INTRODUCTION.                                  ix
                                          REMARKS.

     Under this head may be noted all remarkable phenomena, especially sudden and simultaneous*
changes of wind and temperature ; their effect on the barometer ; the moment of greatest depression
of the barometer in the passage of storms ; currents  of clouds moving in different directions, and at
different heights ;  the rise and fall of rivers and lakes ; remarkable tides ;  the opening  and closing of
navigable waters ; the last killing frost that occurs in spring, and the first in autumn,  as shown by
their effects on the tender buds, leaves, and germs  of fruit trees, &c. ;  the commencement and progress
of vegetation ; the first appearance and departure of birds of passage ; thunder storms, near or remote;
silent lightning, with its direction and elevation above the horizon ;  falls  of hail,  snow, and sleet;
fogs; white or hoar frost, &c.
     Always examine the heavens at the latest observation, whether there be any Aurora, or  shooting
stars ; and especially about the 10th of August, and 12th and 13th of November, see  whether there
be#any great number of luminous meteors visible, stating the number observed in an hour, or at least
in a quarter of an hour.   In case of great fires occurring in clear, calm, dry weather, with a high dew
point,  observe whether clouds form over the fire, and describe the phenomena.

                                 SPECIAL  OBSERVATIONS.

     Hourly observations of the barometer will be taken for 24 hours, at the equinoxes and solstices, to
correspond with those already .instituted at numerous points of Europe and America, at the suggestion
of Sir  John Herschel.   The days fixed upon  for these observations are the  21st of March, June,
September, and December.   But should any one of these 21st days fall on Sunday,  then the  observa-
tions will be deferred till the next day, the 22d.
     The observations at each station will commence at 6 o'clock a.  m. of  the appointed days, and be
continued at the beginning of each hour till  6 a. m. of the following clays,  care being taken to obtain
the correct time.
     The exact maximum and minimum of temperature of the 24 hours should be recorded, under the
head of " Remarks," at the precise hour and minute at which they oecur.
   The value of these  hourly observations will  be greatly enhanced, if they be extended to all the
objects  embraced in the daily register.  If there be a storm about those times, hourly observations of
all the phenomena, from the beginning to the end  of the storm, will also be valuable.
     All special observations will be recorded separately.
     Connected with meteorology are many interesting subjects of inquiry, which can  only be elucidated
by wide-spread, simultaneous observations.  The medical officers of the army arc therefore confidently
invited to co-operate in the collection of data tending  to  advance the interests  of science.   For the
accuracy of our observations,  (quoted as they will be both at home and abroad,) it is hardly necessary
to say, the reputation of the department is pledged.

  * All atmospheric vicissitudes which seem to affect invalids unfavorably or otherwise, and the  supposed agency of climate in the
causation and cure of disease, will be noticed in the Quarterly Report of Sick.  (Form 8.)
             2 
v                                   INTRODUCTION.
    The army system of meteorological observations was  intended to be primarily subservient to the
advancement of medical science, and secondarily to that of meteorology as a distinct branch of physics.
The relations of atmospheric phenomena to disease have been to some extent considered in a "Statis-
tical Report on the  Sickness and Mortality in the Army  of the United States," prepared under the
direction  of the Surgeon General, and published in 1840  ; and it is proposed still  further to discuss
those relations in a  similar report now in course of preparation.   The Department has heretofore,
however,  made no attempt to deduce general scientific results from the mass of material it has accumu-
lated.   Its position in regard to the science of meteorology was that of a collector  of facts carefully ,
observed, and  the results  of the labors  of the medical officers have been from time to time given to
the public, in the hope that, in the hands of those who were specially devoted to such investigations,
they would aid in establishing or refuting some of the interesting theories of  this science, and, taken
in connection with other data,  perhaps lead to the discovery of definite laws.
     Within a  few years past some portions of the army records have been used in connection  with
certain scientific inquiries and investigations; but no effort has been made to deduce therefrom general
results.   It was to such results that the medical officers looked forward as the reward of their labors.
For thirty-six years they had patiently observed and recorded facts in meteorology.  In that time the
army stations  had gradually extended from the Atlantic  to the Pacific coast, and from the  47th
parallel of north latitude, to the banks of the Rio Grande.  The establishment of a new military post
and the commencement of observations thereat, were almost uniformly simultaneous ; and the number
of registers forwarded from the cities of Mexico  during their temporary occupation by the troops of
the United States attest that the excitements of war were  not sufficient to render the medical officers
forgetful  of the interests of this science.
     The  present volume, the fourth in the series of registers issued from the Surgeon General's Office,
has been prepared with a view to meet, in part at least, these just expectations.  It contains the results
of  the observations of the thermometer, direction and force of winds, clearness of sky, and fall of rain
and snow, during a period of twelve  years—from the first day of January,  1843, to January, 1855—
arranged in monthly tables and annual  summaries.  To  these have been added consolidated tempe-
rature  and rain tables for each  separate station,  comprising  the results of all  the  thermometric
observations made by medical officers since 1822, and of all measurements of rain and snow since the
introduction of the rain gauge in 1836.
     The  geographical position and altitude above the sea of  each station, as given in this volume,
have been determined with great exactness.   This, together with the brief topographical description
of  each military post, materially enhances the  value of the work as a book of reference.
     The  feature which distinguishes this register from its  predecessors, is the charts of distribution of
temperature and of rain with which it is illustrated, and  which have been  prepared exclusively from
data in the Surgeon General's Office.   The principles upon which these charts have been constructed,
and the general results  they are intended to exhibit, are fully explained in the accompanying report.
     It was intended to give the observations  on the  "direction and velocity of the clouds" in this
edition but finding that they could not be included without a material modification of the tables, and
a great increase in the size of the book, the idea was reluctantly  abandoned.
     The system  of "wet bulb"  observations adopted in 1843, with the view  of ascertaining the
relative humidity of the  air,  was discontinued in 1849,  having  failed to give  satisfactory results. 
INTRODUCTION.
XI
 The directions were, to wet the gauze-covered bulb of a thermometer, and to "swing the instrument
in the open air in the shade until the mercury sinks as low as it will."  The time required to ensure
the full effect of evaporation by this process varies from ten minutes to half an hour, according to the
temperature of the air.   The instrument was, therefore, not adapted to the military service, the time
required for a single observation  being more than the medical  officers could always command.   To
supply this  deficiency the Department is  now distributing to the military stations a  hygrometer.
consisting essentially of a thermometer, the bulb of which  is covered with floss silk, enclosed in a
piece of thin muslin, the ends of the  silk sufficiently long to dip  into water  contained  in  a brass
reservoir secured immediately below the bulb.  In the top of this reservoir is a small opening to admit
the silk, and to the front  is  attached a cylinder  communicating with the interior by a small hole.
This instrument can be observed with the same ease as an ordinary thermometer, the directions being
to keep the reservoir supplied with rain or distilled water, and in freezing weather, when the bulb is
not wet by capillary absoption, to moisten the  gauze about fifteen or twenty minutes before the time
for making the observation.
    Observations on the barometer and attached thermometer have been made at fifty-one stations for
various periods during the last twelve years ; these, together with the " hourly observations" at  the
equinoxes and solstices, remain  on file in the Medical  Bureau,  and will afford  ample material for
another volume.
                                                                                R. H.  C. 
 
lETEOROLOGICAL REGISTER. 
2
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
MONTH  OF  JANUARY, 1843.
STATIONS.
 Fort Kent...........
 Fort Fairfield........
 Hancock Barracks
 Fort Sullivan.........
 Fort Preble...........
 Fort Constitution.....
 Watertown Arsenal...
 Fort Adams..........
 Fort Trumbull........
 Fort Columbus.......
 Fort Hamilton........
 West Point..........
 Watervliet Arsenal ...
 Plattsburg Barracks...
 Madison Barracks.....
 Fort Ontario.........
 Fort Niagara.........
 Buffalo Barracks......
 Alleghany Arsenal....
 Carlisle  Barracks.....
 Fort Mifflin..........
 Fort McHenry.......
 Fort Monroe.........
 Fort Macon..........
 Fort Johnson.........
 Augusta Arsenal......
 Fort Moultrie........
 Oglethorpe Barracks ..,
 Fort Marion.........
 Fort Shannon.........
 Fort Brooke..........
 Fort King...........
 Fort Fanning..........
 Fort Stansbury........
 Camp Barrancas.......
 Fort Morgan..........
 Mount Vernon  Arsenal.
 Fort Pike.............
Fort Wood............
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
S. R.
                          11.74
                          13.19
                          17.90
                          25.09
                          25.82
                          27.12
                          25.51
                          31.80
                          26.93
                          34.16
                          34.22
                          29.80
                          24.15
                          22.22
                          26.40
                          28.19
                          29.74
                          27.10
                          30. Gl
                          27.58
                          33.70
                          32.15
                          40.70
                          48.07
                          47.00
                          43.87
                          49.00
                         49.61
                         50.00
                         49.12
                         52.87
                         45.14
                         44.00
                         43.23
                         51.83
                         52.28
                         45.00
                         47.20
                         48.08
New Orleans..........I   49.42
Baton Rouge.
Fort Jesup...
Fort Towson.
Fort Washita
Fort Smith...
Fort Gibson..
Fort Scott...
47.74
48.25
41.16
41.10
33.10
37.50
30.49
9 A. M.
 17.25
 20.06
 19.74
 29.45
 27.40
 28.79
 30.41
 35.38
29.32
35.40
 35.14
 31.90
29.90
27.35
33.25
 31.54
 29.20
 33.64
 35.06
 38.06
 41.11
 44.40
 51.09
 50.00
 48.51
 50.61
 52.93
 59.07
 56.74
 63.84
 56.94
 57.59
 58.20
 58.06
 53.93
 48.60
 50.71
 53.27
 53.80
 55.51
 49.39
 44.90
 46.20
39.12
41.30
39.70
3 P. M.
9 P. M.
Mean.
Range.
  27.83
  26.61
  29.58
  33.12
  31.30
  35.40
  37.87
  37.00
  38.19
  38.77
  41.22
  37.13
  35.20
  30.67
  31.10
  34.61
  33.87
  33.60
  40.93
  39.90
  44.76
  44.64
 48.50
 54.08
 59.00
 58.90
 58.35
 65.48
 63.07
 68.83
 69.74
 67.35
 69.43
 64.12
 60.67
 57.45
 60.00
 57.75
 61.48
 61.45
 62.42
 60.26
 57.65
 53.90
 50.30
50.80
43.74
  18.12
  18.35
  22.55
  28.74
  28.64
  30.70
  31.09
  34.67
  30.61
  36.80
  26.24
  32.86
  28.70
  25.03
  28.11
  29.74
  30.61
  28.10
 33.38
 32.61
 37.00
 37.50
 42.19
 50.01
 52.00
 48.90
 53.09
 55.80
 55.02
 57.41
 58.84
 52.09
 50.29
 52.50
 55.67
 55.45
 49.50
 51.42
 52.29
 53.78
 55.13
 53.62
 47.93
 47.60
39.05
41.30
33.03
  19.21
  19.90
  22.44
•29.07
  29.06
  31.27
  31.69
  34.40
  32.59
  36.47
  37.27
  33.40
  29.00
  26.45
  30.34
  30.84
  31.80
  30.80
  35.77
  33.74
  39.01
  38.39
  44.12
  51.07
  52.00
  50.90
 53.67
 57.20
 58.50
 58.97
 62.30
 56.49
 56.71
 53.66
 56.25
 54.86
 52.50
 52.47
 54.58
 55.43
 55.08
 54.25
 49.40
 47.50
 41.70
 43.30
 37.11
Min.
 46
 48
 49
 48
 45
 49
 55
 50
 55
 52
 59
 53
 56
 56
 57
 60
 59
 49
 62
 66
 62
 60
 67
 63
 72
 74
 72
 80
 77
 86
 81
 79
 79
 78
 73
 68
 72
 72
 76
 74
 79
 78
 76
 74
72
78
63
-36
—28
—16
— 6
— 5
   3
   0
  14
   0
  12
  12
   8
   0
—13
— 4
  11
   9
   8
  14
   3
  10
  10
  24
  34
  27
  22
  34
  30
  30
  28
  31
  23
  23
  32
  34
  36
  26
  29
  32
 29
 28
 20
 18
 14
  2  I
  4
 14  ;
Above
mean.
  26.79
  28.10
  26.56
  18.93
  15.94
  17.73
  23.31
  15.60
  22.41
  15.53
  21.73
  19.60
  27.00
  29.55
  26.76
  28.62
  27.20
  18.20
  26.23
  32.26
  23.00
  21.61
  22.88
  11.93
  19.00
 23.10
  18.33
 22.80
 18.50
 27.03
 18.70
 12.51
 22.29
 24.33
 16.75
 13.14
 19.50
 19.53
,21.42
 18.57
 23.92
 23.75
 26.60
 26.50
 30.30
 34.70
 25.89
Below
mean.
  55.21
  47.90
  33.44
  35.07
  34.06
  28.30
  31.69
  20.40
  32.59
  24.47
  25.27
  25.40
  29.00
 39.45
 34.24
 20.38
 22.20
 22.80
 21.77
 30.74
 29.01
 28.39
 20.12
 14.07
 26.00
 28.90
 19.67
 27.20
 40.50
 30.97
 31.30
 33.49
 23.71
 21.67
 26.25
 18.86
 26.50
 23.47
 22.58
 26.43
 25.08
 34.25
 31.40
33.50
39.70
39.30
23.11
WINDS.
No. of Observations
N.
N. E.
 18
 23

  4
  6
  6
 10

 31
  6
 10
 17
 14
 69
 48
  1
117
 23
 60
 20
 28
 61
 13

 30
 21
 47
 0
 59
 9
 17
 20
  6
 22
 22
 29
 28
  8
 15
 14
 14
 34
 17
 19
 19
 52
 18
 22
 11
 23
 23
 13
25
 0
 6
30
11
30
14
 3
 13
  6

 10
  9
 16
 10

  0
105
 33
  4
  3
 34
 14
  4
 15
 34
 58
  1
 92
 74
 16

  0 
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O0 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH  OF  JANUARY, 1843.
STATIONS.
Jefferson Barracks
St. Louis Arsenal.
Dearbornville Arsenal.
Detroit Barracks.....,
Fort Gratiot.........,
Fort Mackinac.......,
Fort Brady..........,
Fort Winnebago......
Fort Atkinson........
Fort Crawford........
Fort Snelling.........
Fort Leavenworth.....
Fort Croghan.........
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
9 A. M.   3 P. M.
30.74 i  35.74
24.20	27.27
26.22	28.90
26.10	30.11
23.19	25.74
18.50	19.80
16.41	19.74
15.77	21.51
15.16	17.24
16.52	19.60
24.70	26.64
19.00	23.44
43.54
35.90
38.48
33.30
27.09
25.13
27.64
26.58
27.10
25.90
33.93
30.80
9 P. M.
35.19
26.23
28.74
28.15
25.61
21.00
20.83
19.38
21.23
20.70
28.35
24.35
36.16
30.05
30.48
29.18
25.40
21.81
22.03
21.17
20.17
20.70
28.96
24.90
Range.
69
58
55
56
39
40
46
49
43
42
58
47
  1
  6
  2
  2
-11
-22
-16
-20
-18
-10
-14
Above
mean.
32.84
27.95
24.52
26.62
13.60
18.19
23.97
27.83
22.83
21.30
29.04
12.10
Below
mean.
35.16
29.05
24.48
31.18
23.40
32.81
44.03
37.17
40.17
38.70
38.96
38.90
WINDS.
No. of Observations
N.		N.	E.	E.	
2	3	3	3	8	9
7	16	4	16	16	41
1	2	10	17	18	31
15	18	17	32	1	2
11	34	7	14	2	4
9	19	9	21	14	40
17	52	8	18	20	58
6	7	4	6	15	30
8	10	2	4	22	39
7	8	0	0	1	1
5	36	10	12	6	16
18	42	0	0	3	10
22	82	3	4	6	7
 
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8
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF FEBRUARY, 1843.
				THERMOMETER								WINDS.			
STATIONS.	Mean Temperature.					Range.				No. of Observations					
	S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.	N.		N. E.		E.	
Dearbornville Arsenal.. Fort "Gratiot..........	11.15 13.85 14.60 4.46 — 4.21 1.71 3.42 1.50 — 3.85 14.14 7.32	14.24 17.82 19.30 11.67 2.39 6.89 9.50 7.16 1.32 17.07 9.11	23.20 24.85 22.32 13.92 11.60 15.78 13.35 13.24 9.03 23.67 20.25	18.22 18.64 16.45 8.75 3.71 7.03 5.67 3.16 1.53 19.46 13.96	17.17 19.25 18.46 9.25 3.69 8.75 8.39 7.70 2.01 20.50 13.78	44 37 38 24 26 38 36 40 30 43 40	—11 — 6 —10 —11 —32 —19 —22 —31 —23 — 2 — 8	26.83 17.75 19.54 14.75 22.31 29.25 27.61 32.30 27.42 22.50 16.22	28.17 25.25 28.46 20.25 35.69 27.75 30.39 38.70 25.58 22.50 21.78	9 13 3 15 31 9 40 7 12 7 38	12 14 40 10 13,- 22 35 16 108 16 28 8 98 12 15 5 26 9 17 16 135 24		25 38 •67 40 29 22 42 8 24 39 66	9 0 1 6 24 4 6 1 3 6 12	15 0 3 6 29 11 14 1 4 12 23
															
															
															
															
															
															
															
 
•
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.                             9
MONTH OF FEBRUARY, 1843.
WINDS.										1 WEATHER. RAIN AND SNOW. !										
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky.					Ds^s.		Days.		"3 a 0 1 <	REMARKS.
S. E.		s.		s. w.		W.		N. W.		S. R.	9 A.M.	3 P. M. 9 P. M. Mean.			'3 En	>> 3 c?	1	w		
7 0 5 6 8 3 0 17 12 0 10	18 0 21 18 10 13 0 29 22 0 16	0 7 4 0 2 6 0 6 3 19 2	0 24 11 0 2 16 0 6 5 32 7	15 62 45 7 7 3 0 14 26 3 10	33 244 132 15 8 5 0 14 52 4 14	14 10 15 28 9 27 7 6 10 4 5	33 33 34 81 23 46 23 12 24 9 8	36 7 15 32 12 27 46 49 29 58 11	106 25 51 76 46 103 104 92 52 167 23	3.07 1.68 2.93 3.75 3.90 3.92 4.64 4.10 4.82 5.75 3 53	3.00 1.82 2.96 4.67 4.50 4.67 3.96 4.19 5.64 5.82 3.50	3.00 1.79 2.11 4.32 4-30 5.58 3.67 8.30 5.21 6.29 3.67	2.07 2.93 2.06 3.42 4.70 4.10 4.17 4.26 5.71 6.42 5.17	2.78 2.05 2.51 4.09 4.35 4.52 4.11 4.46 5.34 6.07 3.84	6 8 8 11 13 12 11 #11 *10 16 9	22 23 20 17 15 16 17 17 18 12 19	1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0	8 14 12 13 9 11 14 11 8 6 8	2.11 1.99 2.64 1.06 0.62 0.93 1.46 0.10	
2 
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NO  44.   -4  h-i 
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER
11
---										MONTH OF MARCH, 1843.										
				WINDS.						WEATHER.							RAIN AND SNOW.			
and sum of force.											Mean clearness of sky.				Days.		Days.		a a % <	REMARKS.
S. E.		S	■	S.	w.	w.		N. W.		S. R.	9 A. M. ; 3 P. M. 1		9 P.M.	Mean.	'3 S4	■a 3 o 5	«	o a CO		
1 4 11		11	20	12	22	50	146	31	90	1.58	2.61	2.48	2.45	2.28	4	27	1	8	....	
9 25		4	11	41	95	37	165	12	40	4.25	3.87	3.54	4.77	4.11	13	18	2	11	--	
8 ; 18		7	18.	12	33	19	72	25	87	4.00	4.00	3.00	4.00	3.75	16	15	2	11	2.79	
25 101		7	13	16	55	41	126	14	54	3.74	3.00	3.52	3.22	3.37	16	15	2	11	3.38	
7 24		12	18	27	44	26	59	19	60	4.70	4.83	4.67	5.00	4.80	14	17	2	6	5.20	
4	18	5	8	3	7	34	79	50	212	5.03	5.16	4.45	5.19	4.95	17	14	3	11 1 1.40		Rain in deficiency.
12	31	2	4	23	46	34	68	37	122	7.69	8.04	7.57	8.21	5.87	17	14	3	6	5.41	
7	"37	1	6	34	168	21	109	31	151	5.90	6.09	5.58	4.99	5.66	17	14	5	7	5.68	
8	46	3	11	9	29	16	30	69	226	4.77	4.80	5.38	5.35	5.09	15	16	6	5	5.92	
6	8	1	1	7	11	5	27	73	219	5.84	6.12	6.55	5.48	5.99	17	14	2	7	2.13	Therm, protected.
5	15	2	5	10	34	8	31	40	220	5.50	5.70	5.25	6.80	5.81	15	16	4	8	4.20	Therm, protected.
2	3	9	14	1	4	20	40	67	197	4.38	5.41	4.70	5.78	4.96	15	16	3	7	5.05	
10	27	15	51	10	19	65	277	19	55	4.35	4.61	5.19	5.32	4.86	11	20	0	8	1.30	
4	9	6	23	25	115	6	20	23	200	3.61	3.35	3.80	3.74	3.62	18	13	1	' 12	2.88	
23	69	12	36	22	78	7	25	45	166	2.20	3.23	2.29	3.03	2.68	9	22	1	12	2.57	
13	42	9	18	22	52	28	111	17	87	2.48	3.25	2.80	3.50	3.01	9 22		2	16	....	
15	69	7	24	28	133	17	78	35	203	0.22	2.54	3.25	2.90	2.27	5	26	3	9	2.74	
4	5	2	2	75	311	7	22	3	8	2.15	3.12	3.16	3.21	2.91	11	20	3	12	3.28	
2	5	0	0	3	6	11	34	41	133	4.25	4.09	4.12	3.93	4.09	10	21	3	5	3.27	
32	..	4		3		37		14		5.89	6.12	6.74	6.19	6.23	18	13	3	6	....	
8	20	1	3	20	64	32	107	36	124	6.20	7.13	6.58	6.70	6.65	21	10	5	4	4.45	
6	15	3	3	19	53	26	100	38	120	5.14	6.26	6.24	5.18	5.65	16	15	7	3	3.80	
4	12	13	43	8	19	28	85	34	129	4.87	5.32	5.35	6.35	5.47	17	14	8	2	3.00	
9	19	2	7	14	42	18	48	32	92	5.70	5.60	4.18	6.30	5.42 .	18	13	8	1	3.30	
8	13	0	0	36	121	11	46	19	59	5.50	5.30	5.80	6.10	5.67	19	12	10	0	....	
2		4		22		14		0		5.00	6.00	5.00	5.00	5.25	17	14			....	Defective.
4	8	9	9	18	25	0	0	46	88	3.90	4.12	4.90	4.96	4.47	18	13	12	1		
2	8	0	0	8	34	32	121	20	73	4.16	4.48	4.22	5.16	4.55	13	18	13	1	10.52	Therm, protected.
12	28	14	35	8	18	16	48	31	79	3.10	3.48	3.61	5.25	3.86	12	19	14	0	12.51	
4	7	3	4	16	41	4	11	24	28	6.10	4.77	5.54	7.66	6.01	14	17	8	0	....	
9	23	7	7	19	61	6	21	29	51	3.83	4.30	4.58	5.12	4.46	14	17	14	0	11.28	
8	16	8	19	21	79	16	42	14	40	2.93	4.71	6.13	6.42	5.09	16	15	8	0	7.20	
11	26	5	11	9	28	2	6	28	106	2.35	2.90	3.80	3.93	3.24	11	20	15	0	7.85	
13	30	6	12	6	20	4	13	17	68	2.30	3.80	4.30	4.45	3.72	13	18	10	0	6.70	
8	10	1	3	10	14	1	1	59	140	3.50	4.18	5.30	4.75	4.43	10	21	11	1	9.22	
11	26	4	14	8	25	11	32	7	27	2.70	3.70	3.30	3.90	3.40	11	20	9	0	....	
2	4	7	10	2	4	13	23	4	8	2.90	2.93	3.70	3.77	3.32	9	22	12	1	....	
7	15	7	18	8	15	7	23	14	43	2.42	3.77	3.98	4.00	3.54	11	20	16	1	5.31	
9	21	16	36	3	9	7	15	13	36	5.16	5.41	5.48	5.06	5.52	15	16	12	0	6.54	
4	7	22	50	12	20	0	0	6	21	4.45	4.51	4.12	4.00	4.27	14	17	10	2	3.25	
25	58	1	2	12	30	2	6	27	60	4.50	4.60	5.00	5.50	4.90	18	13	4	4	....	
8	11	5	13	4	6	5	17	17	64	4.00	4.40	4.60	4.60	4.40	14	17	9	2	3.35	
7	7	13	15	23	25	5	8	41	67	3.77	5.96	7.19	6.38	5.82	13	18	4	3	1.31	
8	24	2	2	7	21	4	16	36	145	4.29	4.93	4.45	5.61	4.82	14	17	5	4	2.29	
9	20	2	3	9	22	4	10	29	86	4.40	3.90	3.60	5.00	4.22	11	20	8	4	1.75	
15	36	2	5	9	16	11	38	56	168	3.48	3.89	4.19 j 4.87		4.10	12	19	5	6	2.30	
8	12	7	10	9	22	23	46	25	52	3.00	4.00	3.00	3.00	3.25	11	2.	4	4	2.29	
 
12
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF MARCH, 1843.
				TIIERMOMl.TKH							
STATIONS.	Mean Temperature.					Range.					
	S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.	N.	
Dearbornville Arsenal..	12.21	19.91	29.16	20.30	20.68	40	— 6	19.32	26.68	3	7
	14.80	21.71	30.39	21.35	22.45	39	— 5	16.55	27.45	6	16
Fort Gratiot...........	13.66 9.26	25.40 22.68	26.26 22.32	19.63 13.58	19.96 16.87	40 32	— 7 — 7	20.04 15.23	26.96 21.87	1 8	1
											22
	3.58 2.29	4.30 12.43	21.83 22.48	9.90 12.54	12.70 12.38	32 39	—21 —19	19.30 26.62	33.70 31.38	31 7	114
											19
	— 0.70	9.09	15.09	5.77	7.53	33	—16	25.47	23.53	36	80
	2.29	7.15	19.90	7.80	8.29	34	—23	25.71	31.29	4	6
	— 5.38	4.83	15.70	3.55	4.67	27	—20	22.33	24.67	8	21
	10.38	17.12	24.45	18.16	17.45	40	— 4	22.55	21.45	18	40
	4.54	8.93	21.19	12.22	12.86	36	— 9	13.14	21.86	52	189
 
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10
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF  APRIL, 1843.
STATIONS.
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
A. M.   3 P. M.   9 P. M.
St. Louis Arsenal......I   47.03
Dearbornville Arsenal..   39.20
Detroit Barracks.......;   38.00
Fort Gratiot...........   32.23
Fort Mackinac........   30.76
Fort Brady............   26.30
Fort Winnebago.......I   33.10
Fort Atkinson.........   36.30
Fort Crawford.........j   34.70
FortSnelling..........   34.80
Fort Leavenworth......   42.93
FortCroo-han..........   39.56
55.83
45.24
46.63
42.46
41.10
38.00
45.43
44.63
45.12
42.06
51.90
46.50
65.03
58.80
56.97
47.20
42.36
46.20
55.53
52.50
59.25
52.30
56.63
57.70
52.60
43.10
42.53
37.53
35.13
32.60
41.90
41.83
43.29
45.43
49.30
46.83
Mean.
56.03
49.00
46.83
39.94
36.56
35.96
44.31
44.40
45.60
43.55
49.76
48.63
Range.
88
80
80
74
55
65
80
74
79
70
84
  28
  12
  14
   2
  12
— 1
   8
   4
   4
   1
  23
  18
Above
mean.
31.97
31.00
33.17
34.06
19.44
29.04
35.69
29.60
33.40
35.44
34.24
31.37
Below
mean.
28.03
37.00
32.83
37.94
24.56
36.96
36.31
40.40
41.60
42.56
26.76
30.63
WINDS.
No. of Observations
N.		N. E.		E.	
3	3	12	16	24	30
11	25	19	41	15	25
14	56	36	148	3	9
7	16	42	100	1	2
3	7	12	38	31	138
11	37	3	8	37	92
2	7	7	32	5	9
11	11	11	24	1	2
3	3	6	12	2	7
12	35	7	27	8	18
17	33	13	28	4	6
29	53	11	32	12	48
 
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METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
19
											MONTH OF MAY, 1843.										
		WINDS.										WEATHER.						RAIN AND SNOW.			
and sum of force.											Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		43 CJ a a a <	REMARKS.
	S. E.		S.		s. w.		w.		N. W.		S. R.	9 A. M.	8 P.M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	u '3	>> •a 3 o 5	g '3	Is o a		
	6	9	33	54	15	34	37	86	18	47	3.32	4.00	._. .. 4.67	2.19	3.55	12	19	9	1	....	Temp, in excess at 3
	11	40	26	03	42	104	12	37	8	28	4.51	4.93	4.74	4.41	4.68	14	17	10	2		[ p. m.
	14	45	29	78 8		26	7	20	9	55	4.00	4.50	4.00	3.50	4.00	13	18	13	2	2.80	
	22	41	17	20	54	144	14	37	6	20	4.00	4.19	4.83	4.42	4.36	12	19	6	0	2.35	
	32	58	32	48	14	26	15	21	5	13	4.25	5.51	4.51	4.16	4.60	14	17	7	0	4.05	
	12	36	32	55	7	10	20	40	17	38	3.32	4.77	4.45	4.64	4.29	16	15	6	0	0.60	
	25	46	7	17	21	40	25	45	15	39	3.54	3.48	3.93	4.22	3.79	11	20	5	0	1.86	
	17	44	6	18	7	30	8	27	21	69	3.96	5.38	5.38	5.19	4.97	16	15	7	0	3.69	
	23	79	7	18	26	75	7	17	30	88	3.59	4.83	4.74	5.45	4.65	14	17	8	0	3.35	
	26	42	1	1	10	13	3	1	35	52	5.81	7.06	7.48	4.71	6.26	13	18	7	0	1.00	Therm, protected.
	13	26	12	20	20	57	5	17	8	35	5.30	5.10	4.50	5.80	5.17	16	15	7	0	1.32	Therm, protected.
	2	2	21	37	11	20	7	13	36	74	5.03	5.05	4.02	5.10	4.80	18	13	7	0	2.28	Therm, protected.
	5	17	51	200	1	2	30	118	11	44	6.00	5.70	5.70	4.30	5.42	17	14	6	0	3.25	
	15	54	3	8	24	84	4	11	65	154	2.61	3.70	4.64	3.09	3.51	10	21	10	0	4.88	
	16	52	24	86	46	161	8	31	15	61	3.30	4.24	4.16	4.29	4.00	14	17	8	0	1.44	
	13	24	8	19	23	46	45	107	15	27	4.16	4.29	4.08	5.01	4.38	13	18	11	1	....	
	11	20	5	9	23	50	13	26	28	79	2.74	4.80	5.03	3.96	4.13	11	20	11	0	2.39	Temp, in error.
	7	25	7	21	55	194	5	17	11	33	4.80	4.10	4.14	4.24	4.32	15	16	12	0	1.65	
	5	9	11	16	9	32	18	46	25	61	4.12	3.90	4.76	5.70	4.61	13	18	11	0	4.05	
	3		11		5		31		2		5.12	5.60	6.50	5.90	5.75	18	13	12	0	....	Defective.
	13	30	1	1	31	83	9	20	22	38	5.55	5.80	5.90	5.51	5.69	17	14	13	0	3.16	
	12	27	•3	6	21	43	17	43	21	44	4.30	5.30	4.26	5.30	4.79	16	15	11	0	3.55	Therm, protected,
	24	66	23	70	9	19	12	29	21	74	4.19	4.54	4.64	5.03	4.60	16	15	12	0	5.71	
	13	28	2	4	29	55	9	12	10	18	4.27	4.80	4.12	6.50 4.92		16	15	13	0	6.20	
	11	24	25	80	28	89	2	5	26	88	5.70	6.05	6.20	7.30	6.31	22	9	7	0	6.20	
	1		4		23		3		3		8.00	8.00	9.00	8.00	8.25	26	5			....	Defective.
	9	11	7	13	33	41	5	10	23	39	7.35	7.32	7.41	7.19	7.31	24	7	6	0	....	
	6	21	20	47	15	53	20	51	11	26	5.96	6.93	6.09	7.25	6.55	22	9	5	0	2.38	Therm, protected.
	16	37	34	71	10	26	7	14	14	34	7.00	6.35	6.34	7.84	6.88	25	6	4	0	2.01	
	23	26	1	1	21	22	15	15	5	5	7.06	7.01	6.09	7.06	6.80	25	6	4	0		
	16	19	3	4	12	20	10	14	9	13	6.93	5.77	5.74	7.71	6.54	23	8	5	0	2.09	
	38	98	4	4	1	1	0	0	21	84	6.35	6.10	6.23	6.81	6.37	24	7	10	0	1.03	
	33	38	10	17	14	16	3	3	16	28	6.50	7.80	9.10	7.60	7.75	28	3	3	0	2.00	
	44	109	6	14	32	88	5	6	16	35	5.49	5.90	6.06	6.96	6.10	22	9	4	0	0.76	Therm, protected.
	34	84	17	31	23	55	4	7	10	26	6.00	7.66	7.50	8.50	7.41	25	6	2	0	0.01	Therm, protected.
	36	75	4	4	42	64	0	0	15	74	7.22	7.71	7.00	8.84	7.85	25	6	3	0	0.72	
	39	103	13	38	18	53	11	33	9	27	5.30	6.10	6.80	8.10	6.57	23	8	3	0	1.55	
	3	3	61	81	7	7	8	15	2	7	6.00	5.70	5.20	7.90	6.20	22	9	4	0	0.22	
	37	42	10	12	16	28	4	6	11	16	2.84	4.38	5.52	7.69	5.11	13	18	5	0	0.45	
	16	52	34	53	6	11	12	15	0	0	5.80	7.35	6.35	7.00	6.62	21	10	7	0	2.78	
	18	26	57	123	0	0	5	9	0	0	4.83	6.77	7.22	7.35	6.04	21	10	7	0	4.42	
	18	23	1	1	41	96	1	1	27	45	3.20	4.50	5.40	5.80	4.72	15	16	9	0	....	
	23	34	7	15	6	11	5	7	11	18	2.90	2.90	4.50	5.30	3.90	11	20	12	0	9.26	
	11	24	5	20	16	49	6	6	8	21	4.06	5.45	5.74	5.35	5.15	17	14	11	0	4.85	
	59	96	5	9	1	1	0	0	3	3	6.12	6.67	6.45	7.87	6.77	21	10	8	0	2.59	
	10	20	12	31	7	17	18	30	7	13	4.70	3.90	3.90	6.10	4.65	16	15	13	0	6.10	
	21	48	6	10	17	42	41	64	17	38	4.19	4.32	3.12	5.03	4.1G	13	18	13	0	3.01	
 
20
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
MONTH OF MAY, 1843.
				THERMOMETKR								WINDS.		)bser-v	
STATIONS.		Mean Tempera		ure.		Range.						No. of (			ations
	S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.	N.		N. E.		E.	
Dearbornville Arsenal..	55.87 46.11 45.80 42.22 40.16 34.90 42.96 45.64 47.20 44.00 52.74 44.61	67.41 61.15 57.16 50.45 48.93 47.20 54.38 56.09 57.80 58.00 62.41 59.06	77.71 67.26 62.64 57.88 48.61 54.30 63.54 64.51 67.27 60.54 68.19 68.58	66.64 55.20 51.51 45.90 45.29 41.25 52.19 52.32 58.29 52.48 59.70 55.22	66.79 56.68 54.35 50.00 44.38 44.60 53.22 55.08 56.22 52.25 60.40 58.22	92 84 82 81 62 70 79 80 81 72 86 90	36 34 24 28 29 22 29 29 32 27 40 32	25.21 27.32 27.65 31.00 15.62 15.40 25.78 24.92 24.78 19.75 25.60 31.78	30.79 22.68 30.35 22.00 15.38 22.60 22.22 26.08 24.22 25.25 20.40 26.22	1 3 6 5 10 7 5 16 1 14 3 2	2 6 13 21 23 31 9 26 1 28 8 7	15 8 38 42 9 3 12 16 5 12 12 9	21 25 119 127 20 6 47 33 5 23 41 21	14 31 7 1 44 26 9 11 2 16 14 25	31 89 27 1 141 64 30 28 2 i 53 33 55
															
Fort Brady............															
															
															
															
															
															
 
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METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER                                23
MONTH OF JUNE,  1843.
WINDS.										WEATHER.							RAIN AND SNOW.			
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		43 a a % <	REMARKS.
S. E.		S.		s. w.		W. m		N. W.		S. R.	9 A.M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.		3 o .5	a 1	is o CI 02		
4	8"	29	44	12	25	51	110	12	32	2.73	4.06	3.93	2.06	3.18	6	24	10	0	....	
8	20	26	64	38	108	32	91	11	38	4.00	3.66	4.26	3.96	3.97	12	18	15	0	....	
9	25	25	82	24	82	13	40	15	51	4.00	4.00	4.00	3.00	3.75	13	17	12	0	2.37	
27	62	11	14	44	141	15	41	22	69	5.80	6.03	5.40	5.70	5.98	17	13	7	0	1.55	
18	24	31	47	29	44	10	21	11	28	4.53	4.83	5.13	4.53	4.75	16	14	8	0	4.79	
2	5	34	57	22	50	12	18	19	52	5.13	5.60	5.30	5.36	5.34	18	12	8	0	6.52	
8	18	4	11	49	134	20	45	16	35	7.29	7.08	5.82	8.04	7.53	18	12	12	0	4.50	
24	78	23	61	37	142	6	14	7	15	5.30	6.56	6.40	4.66	5.73	20	10	8	0	2.05	
9	20	4	11	47	147	3	6	33	87	4.66	5.87	5.96	5.56	5.41	17	13	7	0	2.47	
18	24	10	17	50	53	9	9	24	28	6.96	7.86	8.16	8.00	7.74	21	5	9	0	0.76	Therm, protected.
3	4	16	19	37	80	17	57	9	28	6.70	5.90	6.20	8.20	6.57	18	12	4	0	1.67	Therm, protected.
11	18	19	26	10	16	2	3	27	52	6.33	6.00	5.33	6.66	6.08	21	9	7	0	1.95	
8	17	64	212	3	8	32	95	9	33	6.20	6.33	6.03	4.30	5.73	14	16	9	0	6.05	
22	56	7	23	35	90	1	3	52	99	2.63	3.66	5.40	2.56	3.56	19	11	13	0	5.48	
9	24	26	94	41	144	18	48	4	13	4.27	4.12	4.29	4.21	4.22	15	15	11	0	4.70	
4	5	17	30	21	42	49	73	10	17	4.20	4.30	4.60	4.86	4.49	15	15	15	0		
5	11	15	30	37	85	9	19	23	60	4.10	4.83	6.16	4.16	4.70	14	16	13	0	5.67	
1	3	5	14	72	230	3	7	10	23	4.60	3.10	4.23	5.26	4.30	15	15	16	1	2.86	
4	4	1	4	19	60	23	69	13	38	3.79	5.35	5.13	7.83	8.42	21	9	10	0	3.83	
10	12	24	34	28	39	39	62	9	24	6.50	6.60	6.20	8.40	6.47	22	8	8	0	....	
21	49	6	15	51	145	10	17	15	28	5.76	7.20	7.03	6.40	6.59	20	10	7	0	1.74	
12	31	9	27	44	122	17	33	17	32	6.10	7.00	7.20	7.00	6.82	21	9	9	0	0.90	Therm, protected
23	78	33	113	16	48	6	14	20	68	5.23	5.56	6.20	6.90	5.47	22	8	8	0	1.24	
14	27	4	6	52	127	7	16	6	14	3.26	3.26	5.16	6.80	4.62	17	13	9	0	2.20	
6	16	15	39	60	198	6	25	3	10	5.40	5.40	6.00	6.60	5.85	24	6	10	0	11.22	
0		7		16		0	..	0		5.00	7.00	8.00	6.00	6.50	23	7	..		....	Defective.
14	31	49	81	35	45	1	1	12	18	4.23	4.70	4.56	4.30	4.49	16	14	15	0	....	
16	46	22	85	17	64	20	66	1	4	4.73	5.26	5.53	5.40	5.23	21	9	9	0	3.24	
31	81	33	58	21	55	4	7	0	0	4.70	5.00	3.90	4.30	4.97	18	12	12	0	5.69	
45	67	3	3	17	18	11	0	7	7	6.05	6.04	8.01	5.05	5.32	20	10	12	0	....	
30	42	7	7	7	8	14	14	5	9	5.33	5.86	3.80	3.43	4.61	12	18	14	0	5.31	
78	251	5	10	2	3	0	0	3	6	4.37	4.53	4.93	6.10	5.03	16	14	11	0	1.85	
13	24	21	37	15	32"	8	19	1	1	6.30	7.25	6.10	4.45	6.02	16	14	19	0	6.90	
48	136	8	13	31	72	0	0	5	7	3.63	4.33	3.93	3.76	3.91	13	17	10	0	13.04	
34	76	19	36	15	35	5	5	6	12	4.66	4.83	5.50	6.01	5.20	15	15	9	0	3.49	Therm, protected
42	68	0	0	34	43	0	0	14	19	5.43	4.77	4.53	5.23	4.99	17	13	16	0	16.67	
37	80	15	33	14	38	20	37	5	12	5.55	4.90	4.70	5.90	5.26	17	13	15	0	29.56	
2	2	60	89	3	4	10	19	1	1	4.80	4.22	4.00	5.40	4.60	18	12	15	0	18.24	
38	78	12	26	33	56	7	18	4	3	4.00	4.01	3.92	4.64	4.14	12	18	10	0	14.57	
10	18	27	45	4	7	7	9	4	6	5.10	5.16	4.63	5.60	5.12	19	11	17	0	7.62	
4	5	80	93	8	11	0	0	3	4	6.00	5.50	8.66	5.73	5.72	13	17	13	0	3.30	
39	61	1	1	60	138	0	0	15	20	6.10	5.90	6.60	8.40	6.75	24	6	6	0	....	
28	53	8	12	3	4	1	1	8	15	5.70	4.20	5.90	8.00	5.95	18	12	7	0	1.91	
67	86	7	19	0	0	0	0	0	0	7.40	7.90	7.83	8.00	7.73	23	7	10	0	6.80	
10	35	8	20	9	28	5	6	8	20	5.50	5.90	6.50	8.40	6.57	22	8	10	0	3.32	
40	86	29	71	18	33	5	6	6	11	4.70	5.10	4.80	6.10	5.17	17	13	15	0	8.46	
31	69	5	14	21	52	36	59	11	22	6.03	5.50	4.06	7.00	5.64	21	9	H	0	2.12	>
 
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METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.                                              27
							MONTH OF JULY, 1843.											AND		
			WINDS.							WEATHER.							RAIN		SNOW. 43 a	
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky. j Days.							Days.			REMARKS.
S. E.		s. s. w. 1				W. N.W.				S. R. 9 A.M. 3 P.M. 9 P.M.				Mean. •-64		>> T3 3 O 5	c '3 ui	o c Ul	i !	
6	12	32 53 19			33	49	88 | 17		57 1.74 2.96 3.77 1.70					2.54 5		26	13	0 ....		
1	6	16 43 43			83	31	66 33		90 3.35 4.38 4.45 i 4.70					4.22 12		19	14	0 i ....		
7	26	31 ! 99 | 35			94	23 i 79 11 i 40 4.50					4.50 4.00 4.00			4.25 i 12		19	14	0	2.70	
17	32	14	24 [ 53		157	35 72 3			7 6.29		6.80 6.81		5.54 j 6.36		20	11	15	0	3.83	
20	32	31	69 35		56	13 31 14			36	5.54	5.00	4.60	5.00	5.04	17	14	8	0	1.31	
5	8	30	65	18	40	31 54 23			66	6. i /	6.83 6.06		5.96	6.40	23	8	6	0	1.70	
7	14	54	169	5	6	47	127 i 7		19	6.30	6.94	5.68	6.90	6.45	12	19	7	0	2.58	
14	42	2 6		13	50	14	60	31	116	6.54	6.51 1 5.80		5.70	6.13	24	7	7	0	2.88	Morning temp, in er-
6	15	11	21 36		123	9	23	37	99	5.61	6.61	6.06	4.64	5.73	17	14	10	0	2.51	[ror.
18	22	12	26 | 20 24 2				5 44		50	6.48	7.22	6.16	5.00	6.21	16	15	11	0	1.64	Therm, protected.
6:13		11	14 [ 20		50	18 ! 63 ! 2			6	6.10	5.80	5.30	6.30	5.85	18	13	11	0	1.88	it it
6 ! 14		13 28 p 10 18				4 j 6 | 35			67	6.36	5.90	5.12	5.77	5.78 21		10	6	0	3.00	11 it
7	14	54 169 5			6	47 127 1 7			19	7.48	6.64	6.64	6.00	6.69 ! 22		9	9	0	4.39	
23	69	2 8 | 28			99	0	0 ! 58		150	2.51	4.32	6.06	3.22	4.03 24		7	12	0	5.09	Therm, protected.
15	59	24 ; 69		59	231	10	43 | 15		60	5.18	5.18	6.40	5.28	5.51	20	11	8	0	2.79	
5	8	10	16	35	65	36	78 j 10		23	4.80	5.50	6.70	6.90	5.97	22	9	9	0	....	
6	13	2	6	33	82	26	57 29		94	5.03	6.22	6.67	5.32	5.81	21	10	9	0	4.23	Temp, in excess at 9
0	0	3	10	7 21		81	291 17		60	5.26	5.50	5.14	6.90	5.70	23	8	9	0	3.77	[a. m.
0	0	0	0	4	15	17	56	19	50	4.19	5.25	5.09	6.16	5.17	16	15	7	0	1.87	
11	12	12	18	22	26	34	47	12	19	6.60	5.70	5.90	7.20	6.35	23	8	8	0	....	m
15	41	5	11	42	100	7	10	20	39	6.51	7.30	6.41	7.32	6.86	20	11	11	0	4.01	Temp, in ex., 9 a. m.
14	29	7	11	26	56	23	35	17	28	5.20	6.11	6.80	5.60	5.92	20	11	9	0	5.40	Therm, protected.
10	30	21	71	14	37	10	20	21	68	4.51	5.58	5.06	6.45	5.40	21	10	9	0	6.28	Temp, in ex., 9 a. m.
14	23	4	11	40	96	8	18	5	8	5.15	5.21	5.28	6.20	5.46	18	13	9	0	3.70	Therm, protected.
7	23	19	50	46	149	4	17	6	14	5.80	5.90	5.70	6.80	6.50	23	8	11	0	18.45	Rain in excess.
2	2	5	5	24	24	0	0	0	0	7.00	8.00	7.00	7.00	7.25	25	6		0		Defective.
8	10	12	23	49	61	5	7	19	23	6.67	6.35	5.32	6.06	6.10	22	9	9	0	....	
12	38	20	70	19	63	29	75 5		13	5.96	6.83	5.67	6.77 6.30		22	9	10	0	5.54	Therm, protected.
20	56	33	73	30	77	1	3	8	22	6.40	5.30	4.30	5.20	4.80	20	11	13	0	5.33	
37	37	0	0	27	27 11		11	8	19	8.00	6.04	5.03	7.03	6.52	23	8	15	0	....	
6	5	24	27	23	44 [ 4		3	15	24	6-51	4.90	2.16	6.32	4.97	17	14	13	0	5.70	
58	162	7	15	0	0	0	0	5	15	5.11	6.06	5.68	6.90	5.94	27	4	8	0	1.20	
16	25	14	20	20	36	9	17	5	8	5.40	3.80	4.50	5.60	4.77	15	16	17	0	8.61	
46	79	0	0	32	48	3	8	23	41	7.32	5.60	4,35	7.29	6.14	26	5	15	0	6.11	
17	45	8	22	43	97	0	0	7	13	3.16	3.87	3.70	4.22	3.73	10	21	16	0	4.95	
12	22	6	15	20	52	18	50	19	49	5.70	4.90	4.10	5.20	4.97	16	15	17	0	18.22	
0	0	31	34	0	0	35	44	0	0	5.40	3.80	4.50	5.60	4.77	15	16	17	0	8.61	
52	111	13	20	13	29	8	20	16	28	3.93	4.59	4.00	4.61	4.28	13	18	15	0	8.70	
13	21	15	24	7	16	11	16	10	15	6.06	6.19	5.48	6.96	6.17	17	14	17	0	8.20	
11	19	77	114	1	2	0	0	0	0	6.12	7.74	7.06	6.12	7.01	18	13	10	0 ! 7.66		
29	40	1	2	38	76	1	1	14	22	5.50	6.50	5.70	7.00	6.17	22	9	9	0	....	
14	27	10	21	7	12	5	7	5	7	5.50	5.50	4.40	6.50	5.47	16	15	9	0	4.40	
15	22	2	5	10	16	0	0	5	6	4.60	6.40	3.10	7.40	5.37	19	12	10	0	3.26	
78	93	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7.38	8.64	7.83	8.80	8.16	26	5	3	0	2.30	
7	10 i 42		70	9	16	7	10 9		14	5.20	6.10	5.20	6.90	5.85	21	10	10	0	5.34	
15 18		7	7 6		9	34	35 8		10	6.54	6.35	6.06	6.32	6.30 21		10	9	0 2.60		
14	17	14	19	111	12	13	23	12	21	7.12	7.12	6.50	5.10	6.51	21	7	6	0	4.13	Temp, in ex., 3 p. ir
 
28                            METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF JULY, 1843.
THERMOMETER.
STATIONS.	Mean Temperature.					Range.			
	S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.
Dearbornville Arsenal..	53.38 57.19 53.48 58.22 51.00 58.64 63.22 70.20 61.48 68.72 62.96	76.87 73.09 68.41 62.00 63.61 74.16 76.61 74.26 74.09 74.00 76.90	77.45 79.12 73.52 65.71 6S.90 82.61 82.29 81.11 78.32 80.80 84.58	59.87 67.43 60.45 61.79 57.35 68.61 68.67 75.24 68.67 74.48 69.29	67.87 63.15 66.00 63.32 59.82 79.59 72.72 74.00 69.90 74.46 73.77	93 83 91 75 82 94 94 91 90 90 93	44 43 40 44 38 43 48 57 50 67 50	28.10 14.85 25.00 11.68 22.18 23.41 21.28 17.00 10.10 15.54 19.23	23.90 25.15 26.00 19.32 21.82 27.59 24.72 17.00 19.90 7.46 23.77
									
									
 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.                             29
MONTH OF JULY, 1843.
WINDS.										WEATHER.							RAIN AND SNOW.			
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		43 .2 a a	REMARKS.
S. E.		s.		s.	w.	w.		N.	w.	S. R.	9 A.M.	3 P.M. 9 P.M.		Mean.	c	o	a	fc-o		
										3.77				4.42	&4	5	«	cc	<	
17	38	8	16	15	46	27	82	17	53		4.45	3.54 5.93			14	17	6	0	2.11	
3	10	22	38	32	84	6	16	9	35	5.54	4.80	3.80 '■ 5.74		4.97	20	11	5	0	2.32	
10	16	10	22	40	93	0	0	17	38	5.05	6.00	5.40 4.20		5.12	22	9	10	0	2.08	
2	3	1	4	2	9	35	81	35	83	6.52	6.26	6.13 7.03		6.48	24	7	6	0		Therm, protected.
8	20	5	14	8	26	44	131	21	65	5.54	4.83	5.87	6.12	5.59	15	16	10	0	2.53	
0	0	9	18	8	25	18	56	25	81	6.54	6.38	6.22	6.03	6.29	26	5	8	0	1.20	
0	0	8	20	30	64	6	15	44	80	6.32	5.67	5.09	7.16	6.06	23	8	2	0		
13	20	3	4	39	67	2	2	50	90	8.40	8.21	8.15	8.19	8.23	23	8	4	0	2.20	Therm, protected.
5	8	29	51	24	52	14	26	17	33	6.05	5.87	5.41	7.41	6.20	18	13	5	0	2.09	Temp, in excess at 9
20	34	18	40	20	54	8	11	9	9	4.64	5.70	5.29	7.29	5.75	22	9	9	0	0.57	[a. m.
7	12	46	128	8	20	15	23	1	1	6.38	6.90	6.32	7.12	6.68	22	9	4	0	....	
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32
M E T E 0 R O L 0 GIC A L  REGISTER
MONTH OF  AUGUST,  1843.
Detroit Barracks..
Fort Gratiot.....
Fort Mackinac ..
Fort Brady.......
Fort Winnebago.,
Fort Atkinson. ..
Fort Crawford...
Fort Snelling.
Fort Leavenworth
Fort Croghan.....
58.48
56.45
60.48
52.41
55.61
58.12
65.22
58.76
65.38
59.83
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
9 A. M.
73.83
70.32
71.72
65.58
70.54
71.51
70.00
70.70
72.32
71.51
80.13
79.15
69.48
73.45
78.43
76.19
7G.11
74.38
79.12
79.12
66.64
65.00
64.03
60.35
64.12
63.77
71.30
65.74
72.96
65.48
Mean.
66.08
67.81
64.98
62.93
67.04
67.17
71.10
66.56
72.25
69.46
88
80
80
83
84
86
81
89
86
Range.
49
43
51
39
42
48
52
61
59
50
Above
mean.
21.92
20.19
15.58
17.07
20.96
16.83
14.90
14.44
16.75
16.54
Below
mean.
17.08
24.81
13.42
23.93
25.04
19.17
19.10
 5.56
13.25
19.46
N.		N.
5	7	33
2	6	29
5	6	9
14	29	0
7	14	7
4	4	17
1	2	10
0	0	4
13	23	12
4	5	10
 
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36
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH  OF  SEPTEMBER, 1843.
STATIONS.
Fort Brady.......
Fort Winnebago..
Fort Atkinson....
Fort Crawford'....
Fort Snelling.....
Fort Leavenworth
Fort Croghan....
S. R.
48.60
53.96
55.66
61.30
51.66
63.19
57.63
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
9 A. M.   8 P. M.   9 P. M,
56.40
61.13
63.03
64.18
58.33
67.02
64.57
61.80
69.73
68.66
69.10
64.23
72.09
69.96
53.10
58.56
58.76
65.90
57.26
67.26
61.53
Mean.
53.30
61.83
62.10
65.18
57.95
67.24
63.80
Range.
Max.
78
90
86
86
82
89
Min.
33
36
41
46
32
40
40
Above
mean.
22.90
18.17
23.90
20.52
24.05
21.76
24.20
Below
mean.
22.30
25.83
21.10
19.18
25.95
27.24
23.80
WINDS.
No. of Observations
N.		N.	E.	1	
8	21	9	29	33	87
23	52	6	13	9	23
20	36	23	41	15	36
5	8	17	27	6	6
8	27	10	28	0	0
14	31	15	26	8	11
16	38	22	60	1	3
 
METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER.
37
MONTH OF SEPTEMBER, 1843.
WINDS.										WEATHER.							RAIN AND SNOW.			
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		0> 43 o a 0 1	REMARKS.
S. E.		S.		S. W.		W.		N. W.		S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P.M.	Mean.	'3 &4	>> ■a =i o 5	a M	Is o 13 02		
22 12 5 31 36 18 25	57 36 13 61 90 61 77	6 8 10 10 15 13 35	13 28 32 28 39 55 139	5 13 14 24 27 20 6	23 43 45 38 74 68 15	3 17 8 2 3 8 4	9 53 19 3 14 14 7	28 4 19 20 22 22 11	101 16 34 37 57 52 42	3.50 2.73 3.40 3.13 3.83 3.02 3.03	3.50 3.03 2.90 3.29 2.10 3.28 2.63	3.70 3.93 3.86 3.27 4.03 3.25 3.10	4.90 5.13 4.43 3.29 4.43 3.27 4.33	3.90 3.70 3.64 3.24 3.59 3.20 3.27	11 12 11 12 12 14 8	19 18 19 18 18 16 23	13 11 15 14 11 11 12	0 0 0 0 0 0 0	3.00 4.41 4.90 5.14 3.19	Temp, in error.
 
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40
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
MONTH OF OCTOBER,  1843.
STATIONS.
Fort Brady.......
Fort Winnebago..
Fort Atkinsom
Fort Crawford
Fort Des Moines..
Fort Snelling.....
Fort Leavenworth
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
S. R.
34.50
31.93
31.12
34.00
34.00
42.09
41.07
9 A. M.   8 P. M
38.20
39.48
39.09
40.80
42.00
48.13
46.00
41.50
46.67
45.35
47.21
53.00
53.35
56.28
9 P. M.
37.00
38.41
36.54
38.17
41.00
45.96
49.03
Mean.
38.04
39.29
38.24
40.22
43.50
47.72
49.04
Range.
66
71
66
70
71
65
84
10
10
 2
 6
11
10
24
Above
mean.
27.96
31.71
27.76
29.78
27.50
27.76
34.96
Below
mean.
28.04
29.29
36.24
34.22
32.50
27.24
25.04
WINDS.
No. of Observations
N.		N.	E.	I	
8	24	1	2	8	19
13	40	1	1	1	4
29	55	5	7	0	0
1	1	0	0	0	0
14	19	2	3	0	0
1	2	4	15	0	0
4	5	7	13	3	6
 
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42
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF NOVEMBER, 1843.
STATIONS.
 Hancock Barracks. ...
 Fort Sullivan.........
 Fort Preble...........
 Fort Constitution.....
 Watertown Arsenal...
 Fort Adams...........
 Fort Trumbull........
 Fort Columbus.......
 Fort Hamilton........
 West Point...........
 Watervliet Arsenal...
 Plattsburg Barracks...
 Madison Barracks.....
 Fort Ontario.........
 Fort Niagara.........
 Buffalo Barracks......
 Alleghany Arsenal....
 Carlisle Barracks......
 Fort Mifflin...........
 Fort McHenry........
 Fort Severn..........
 Fort Monroe.........
 Fort Macon...........
 Fort Johnston.........
 Augusta Arsenal......
 Fort Moultrie.........
 Oglethorpe Barracks...
 Fort Marion..........
 Key West............
 Fort B^»ke..........
 Camp Barrancas.......
 Mount Vernon Arsenal.
 Fort Pike.............,
 Fort Wood...........,
New Orleans.........,
Baton Rouge..........
Fort Jesup...........,
Fort Washita..........
Fort Towson.....
Fort Smith............
Fort Gibson...........
Fort Scott.............
Jefferson Barracks......
St. Louis Arsenal......
Detroit Barracks.......
Fort Gratiot...........
Kurt Mackinac........
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
S. R.
9 A. M.   3 P. M.   9 P. M.
 24.33
 31.70
 31.10
 33.20
 30.23
 34.10
 30.93
 37.80
 37.60
 33.10
 31.10
 31.26
 32.40
 32.40
 32.33
 31.20
 33.53
 32.10
 35.63
 36.40
 37.16
 44.10
 49.70
 50.00
 55.43
 54.45
 51.80
 61.70
 74.06
 62.10
 60.20
 53.40
 59.20
 59.18
 64.63
 59.30
 55.50
 46.30
 46.40
 40.40
 44.48
 37.50
 39.26
 33.33
 31.36
 31.60
28.93
 26.50
 35.00
 33.90
 35.53
 35.90
 36.93
 36.76
 41.80
 39.30
 35.23
 37.60
 34.16
 34.11
 33.50
 35.20
 34.14
 36.13
 37.40
 41.30
 42.90
 43.66
 48.14
 54.10
 60.00
 58.66
 59.40
 60.60
 69.09
 82.30
 65.70
 65.50
 58.50
 65.20
 66.60
 68.37
 65.13
 58.00
 49.60
 51.70
 48.10
 47.65
 41.00
 43.13
 43.50
35.96
34.40
30.93
 31.00
 39.06
 37.66
 40.06
 41.20
 40.16
 42.70
 43.20
 46.60
 39.73
 46.03
 41.23
 35.24
 36.50
 36.63
 37.40
 41.30
 42.90
 45.46
 47.43
 46.10
 52.70
 56.75
 66.00
 62.03
 63.80
 68.20
 71.07
 80.06
 75.60
 69.60
 67.20
 70.10
 71.24
 71.63
 75.43
 62.50
 58.50
 59.80
 56.10
 56.14
 48.20
 46.76
 50.16
38.56
37.00
32.20
 26.50
 34.06
 33.00
 35.43
 33.36
 35.06
 38.53
 40.10
 39.80
 34.93
 36.00
 33.79
 33.10
 34.00
 33.93
 33.13
 36.30
 35.70
 39.10
 40.60
 40.73
 47.25
 55.30
 55.00
 56.90
 59.48
 61.63
 65.02
 75.06
 67.90
 63.93
 57.46
 62.60
 63.60
 66.37
 66.00
 57.60
 50.70
 50.10
 43.16
 47.12
 39.1U
 42.53
 40.56
34.00
33.60
30.36
Mean.
 27.66
 35.38
 34.38
 36.61
 36.71
 37.13
 36.81
 40.50
 42.10
 36.41
 38.56
 36.25
 34.20
 34.30
 34.48
 34.10
 37.41
 37.50
 40.56
 41.96
 41.95
 48.80
 53.22
 58.00
 58.66
 59.62
 59.90
 67.06
 77.06
 68.85
 64.90
 59.56
 64.65
 65.15
 68.13
 66.46
 57.99
 52.40
 53.50
 47.88
 50.25
 42.35
 42.61
 41.74
 34.95
34.80
 30.60
Range.
Max.
Min.
 43
 49
 52
 53
 62
 58
 59
 58
 64
 58
 60
 54
 44
 48
 52
 50
 59
 60
 64
 64
 58
 70
 67
 75
 72
 74
 80
 83
 85
 80
 76
 80
 80
 82
 82
 86
 74
 74
 74
 70
 73
 66
 62
68
58
57
40
— 6
   5
  13
  20
  17
  25
  16
  31
  24
  20
  16
   4
  12
  20
  18
  17
  13
  12
  25
  25
  19
  29
  31
  30
  42
  37
  36
  52
  65
  52
  43
  40
  42
  42
  55
  44
  42
  30
  29
  24
  30
  22
  23
  24
  17
  19
  18
Above
mean.
 15.34
 13.62
 17.62
 16.39
 26.29
 20.87
 22.19
 17.50
 21.19
 23.60
 21.44
 17.75
 9.80
 13.70
 17.52
 15.90
 21.69
 12.50
 23.44
 22.06
 16.05
 21.20
 13.78
 17.00
 13.34
 14.38
 20.10
 15.94
 9.94
 11.15
 11.10
 20.44
 15.35
 16.85
 13.87
 19.54
 16.01
 21.60
 20.50
 22.12
22.75
23.65
 19.39
26.26
23.05
22.20
 9.40
Below
mean.
 31.66
 30.38
 21.38
 16.61
 18.71
 12.13
 20.81
  9.50
 18.10
 16.40
 22.56
 32.25
 22.20
 14.30
 16.48
 17.10
 26.41
 25.50
 15.56
 16.95
 22.95
 19.80
 22.22
 28.00
 16.66
 22.62
 23.90
 15.06
 12.06
 16.85
 21.90
 19.56
 22.65
 23.15
 13.13
 22.46
 15.99
 22.40
 24.50
 23.88
20.25
20.35
 19.61
17.74
17.95
15.80
12.60
No. of Observations
 19
  8
 23
 25
  3
 26
 21
  2
 13
 10
 21
 16
  1
 16
 26
 10
 11
  3
  4
 25
  9
  5
 31
  6
 24
 11
 11
  8
  7
  0
 24
  0
  6
 32
 16
 32
  7
  0
  7
  1
  6
 9
 8
 12
23
 4
14
 63
 30
 68
 44
  9
138
 58
  4
 42
 20
 37
 45
  4
 48
104
 31
 12
  3
  8
 41
 27
  6
117
  6
 26
 33
  6
 11
 25
  0
 54
  0
 20
 47
 32
 74
 10
  0
  7
  4
 18
 20
 17
 27
 39
 11
 27
S. E.
 29
 19
  4
 55
 56
 23
  4
 96
 67
 57
216
 59
 27
118
 94
  0
 44
 23
 48
 66
 41
 87
 61
 36
 19
 19
 22
 23
 22 
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44                          METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF NOVEMBER, 1843.
				THERMOMETEI!						WINDS.					
STATIONS.	Mean Temperature.					Range.				No. of Observations					
	S. R.	9 A. M.	8 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.	N.		N. E.		E.	
	25.90 25.73 26.26 27.17 28.70 22.40 35.12	27.37 28.83 39.66 31.60 33.30 25.00 37.16	30.60 34.03 33.66 35.72 41.20 30.83 44.22	27.53 28.30 28.00 30.30 33.00 26.30 39.29	28.25 29.88 29.96 31.27 34.95 26.61 40.20	38 42 44 45 61 39 59	10 10 5 7 1 5 17	9.75 12.12 14.04 13.73 26.05 12.39 18.80	18.25 19.88 24.96 24.27 33.95 21.61 23.20	7 14 5 7 12 3 39	16 47 7 7 25 10 90	6 9 15 11 7 6 11	16 23 27 13 19 18 25	19 3 17 10 30 1 5	32 14 36 15 59 2 10
 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF NOVEMBER, 1843.
WINDS.										WEATHER.							RAIN AND SNOW.			
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		43 a .5 a	REMARKS.
S. E.		S.		S. w.		w.		N. W.		S. R.	9 A.M.	3 P.M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	'3 64	>> 3 O s		o a U2		
27 20 7 21 6 22 1	67 47 19 39 18 62 4	5 9 8 4 7 15 30	7 38 24 4 9 47 99	10 2 17 15 15 40 13	22 4 42 26 45 84 23	17 14 22 13 18 6 11	60 42 42 24 32 8 28	27 24 25 39 75 27 5	94 95 45 77 54 80 11	1.30 3.20 3.70 4.20 3.80 4.46 2.11	1.17 4.10 3.30 4.70 4.00 3.93 3.25	1.46 2.83 4.66 3.27 3.90 4.13 4.17	1.50 3.26 4.80 4.00 4.80 3.60 5.50	1.35 3.34 4.11 4.04 4.12 4.03 3.75	5 10 11 13 12 11 15	25 20 19 17 18 19 15	13 5 6 4 5 1 4	10 10 9 8 4 8 1	3.19 2.67 2.82 1.43 0.05	
 
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48
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF  DECEMBER,  1843.
STATIONS.
Fort Brady......
Fort Winnebago.,
Fort Atkinson. ..
Fort Crawford...
Fort Des Moines.
Fort Snelling....
Fort Leavenworth
THERMOMETER.
WINDS.
23.90
22.77
22.78
25.00
25.00
18.83
29.16
Mean Temperature.
Range.
No. of Observations
A. M.   3 P. M.
23.19
25.29
25.90
27.00
29.00
19.83
32.17
28.51
31.70
31.22
32.22
38.00
27.85
43.80
24.42
26.16
25.80
29.14
29.00
22.70
34.27
Mean.
Above
mean.
25.80
27.24
26.96
28.61
31.50
23.14
36.12
40
50
44
42
51
39
58
  0
  2
- 1
  0
  3
- 2
 12
14.20
22.76
17.04
13.39
19.50
15.86
21.88
Below
mean.
25.80
25.24
27.96
28.61
28.50
25.14
24.12 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.                           49
MONTH OF DECEMBER, 1843.
WINDS.										WEATHER.							RAIN AND SNOW.			
• and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		43 a a a	EEMARKS.
S. E.		S.		s. w.		W.		N. W.		S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	i	>> ■a 0 o				
															fR	°	a ' ai		< 1.58	
24	48	17	34	11	27	13	28	20	61	1.22	1.29	2.60	1.61	1.68	3	28	8	4		Therm, protected.
2	2	24	90	11	28	14	44	25	87	2.67	2.83	2.74	3.29	2.88	9	22	1	8	0.58	
'7	8	15	37	22	54	26	55	15	33	3.45	3.35	3.16	«8.83	3.45	12	19	2 ; 15		....	
20	30	16	60	16	62	6	6	44	81	3.17	3.15	3.19	4.30	3.45	13	19	0 9		0.47	
19	38	7	15	36	81	6	14	26	62	4.26	4.51	4.58	4.10	4.36	15	16	4 j 4			
24	51	6	16	54	111	2	4	30	80	4.06	3.16	2.87	4.32	3.60	10	21	1 5		0.27	
11	26	49	103	13	39	10	17	22	54	5.10	5.16	6.10	6.19	5.63	18	13	5 0		1.05	
7
> 
50
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER
POSITION OF  STATIONS, IMKAN TEMPERATURES
 Fort Kent...........
 Fort Fairfield........
 Hancock  Barracks...
 Fort Sullivan........
 Fort Preble..........
 Fort Constitution ....
 Watertown Arsenal..
 Fort Adams..........
 Fort Trumbull.......
 Fort Columbus.......
 Fort Hamilton.......
 West Point..........
 Watervliet Arsenal ..
 Plattsburg Barracks..
 Madison Barracks
 Fort Ontario........
 Fort Niagara........
 Buffalo Barracks.....
 Alleghany Arsenal...
 Carlisle Barracks.....
 Fort Mifflin..........
 FortMcHenry.......
 Fort Severn.........
 Fort Monroe.........
 Fort Macon.........
 Fort Johnston.......
 Augusta Arsenal.....
 Fort Moultrie........
 Oglethorpe Barracks..
 Fort Marion.........
 Fort Shannon.......
 Fort King..........
 Fort Fanning........
 Key West..........
 Fort Brooke.........
 Camp Barrancas.....
 Fort Morgan........
 Mt. Vernon Arsenal..
 Fort Pike...........
 Fort Wood.........
 Pass Christian.......
 New Orleans........
 Baton Rouge Barracks
 Fort Jesup..........
 Fort Washita........
 Fort Towson........
Fort Smith..........
 Fort Gibson.........I
Long.
 Altitude
above sea
Jan.
April.
May.
 O  '
 47  15
 46  46
 46  07
 44  54
 43  39
 43  04
 42  21
 41  30
 41  22
 40  42
 40  37
 41  23
 42  50
 44  41
 43  57
 42  20
 43  18
 42  53
 40  32
 40  12
 39  51
 39  18
 38  58
 37  00
 34  40
 34  00
 33  28
 32  42
 32  05
 29  50
 29  32
 29  10
 29  40
 24  20
 28  00
 30  18
 30  15
 31  12
 30  10
 30  08
 30  20
 29  57
 30  26
 31  33
 34  15
 34  00
35  25
35 47
 o  '
 68  35
 67  49
 67  49
 66  58
 70  20
 70  49
 72  17
 71  19
 72  05
 74  01
 74  02
 74  00
 73  55
 73  30
 76  15
 76  40
 79  08
 78  58
 80  12
 77  14
 75  15
 76  33
 76  27
 76  15
 76  45
 78  0,
 81  5:
 79  5i
 81  0'
 81  31
 81  41
 82  11
 83  II
 81  4!
 82  28
 87  27
 88  10
 88  20
 89  38
 89  51
 89  25
 90  00
 91  18
 93 32
 96 55
95 33
94 29
95  10
78	05
81	53
79	56
81	07
81 30	
81	48
82	10
83 10	
81	49
Feet.
 575
 415
 620
  70
  20
  40
 100?
  40
  50
  23
  25
 167
  50
 186
 262
 250
 250
 660
 704
  ?
  40
  36
  20
  20
  20
  20
 600?
  20
  40
  12
  50
  50
  50
  20
  20
  20
  20
  75
  20
  20
  20
  20
  41
  80?
200?
150?
460
542
 19.21
 19.90
 22.44
 29.07
 29.06
 31.27
 31.69
 34.40
 32.59
 36.47
 37.27
 33.40
 29.00
 26.45
 30.24
 30.84
 31.80
 30.80
 35.77
 33.74
 39.01
 38.39

 44.12
 51.07
 52.00
 50.90
 53.67
 57.20
 58.50
 58.97
 56.49
 56.71

 62.30
 56.25
 54.86
52.50
52.47
54.58
55.43
55.08
54.25
47.50
49.40
41.70
43.30
 8.53
10.17
12.72
20.30

20.40
19.55
24.45
19.97
25.66
26.80
21.40
15.30
13.78
14.18
17.97
20.08
18.17
23.84
23.90
27.78
28.13

37.12
44.50
47.00
46.69
48.73
53.17
58.09
57.04
55.04
59.92
54.96
54.17
50.70
52.30
52.38
54.16
54.50
47.90
41.70
43.60
36.83
38.17
24.54
23.18
25.98
27.40
26.89
29.08
26.58
29.80
25.85
30.31
30.80
26.77
25.19
25.95
23.30
24.27
25.74
19.20
26.05
26.88
30.45
30.14
32.46
37.08
43.05
46.50
43.87
48.82
49.90
55.12
58.80
62.67
52.14
51.16
47.70
49.65
51.41
52.03
51.47
41.60
36.50
39.00
31.53
39.50
40.00
38.40
41.47
40.48
40.68
42.15
43.81
45.16
44.G8
47.38
48.50
47.20
42.70
43.75
42.30
42.76
41.75
43.30
48.01
50.80
50.36
50.28
51.46
55.30
57.87
61.50
64.76
64.68
66.90
67.50
70.86
78.14
72.56
70.03
68.43
69.50
71.40
71.12
70.85
72.76
69.65
65.30
66.51
60.23
62.40
50.96
49.03
50.75
49.26
49.73
52.77
55.25
55.42
53.88
59.08
56.90
59.00
59.42
57.30
51.15
51.25
50.64
52.10
57.64
60.15
59.22
60.97
60.40
64.18
67.50
70.50
71.16
71.61
73.47
71.56
75.90
June.
81.32
74.90
75.58
76.70
75.30
77.60
78.30
75.79
76.98
75.34
69.70
70.30
67.72
66.93
62.10
57.96
59.38
57.08
58.36
61.23
64.30
65.28
63.65
71.25
68.40
71.00
66.15
65.41
59.23
59.06
61.31
63.04
68.10
68.85
70.43
72.61
72.13
75.29
75.95
76.50
78.23
78.06
78.96
77.05
79.08
July.
84.02
76.55
79.86
80.08
76.66
80.10
78.24
78.50
79.74
77.30
76.70
75.10
74.38
74.50
 64.67
 60.16
 62.00
 61.28
 62.89
 65.41
 68.45
 73.22
 67.67
 74.11
 71.90
 74.96
 72.90
 69.16
 66.20
 66.09
 68.70
 69.20
 72.38
 72.70
 73.70
 75.73
 75.66
 78.19
 80.05
 82.50
82.96
81.47
82.20
80.01
80.30
Aug.
85.24
77.35
80.32
81.96
82.35
81.45
81.45
81.76
82.09
81.75
80.30
78.80
78.79
76.83
 68.70
 64.74
 64.75
 61.18
 65.38
 67.00
 69.80
 72.87
 69.03
 74.27
 74.40
 71.79
 71.60
 71.22
 67.20
 68.50
 69.38
 71.15
 71.25
 72.05
 74.82
76.36
75.11
 77.18
80.14
82.00
79.20
80.43
81.13
78.58
79.45
84.17
76.90
80.12

78.21
81.45
80.21
80.00
3ej*.
80.50
76.25
77.00
75.95
74.83
74.17
51.50
56.48*
56.40
60.45
62.13
64.69
63.21
68.03
68.45
66.46
66.15
64.78
59.37
61.50
63.70
63.19
66.84
67.90
69.16
71.15
70.40
75.28
79.32
80.00
80.73
80.85
81.83
79.60
82.12
77.75
82.53

78.86
79.80
80.58
80.00
80.10
78.60
75.40
76.15
73.71
78.20 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
51
MONTHLY, AND EXTREMES OF  TEMPERATURE FOR  1843.
Oct.
41.00
47.72
46.73
48.19
47.69
51.30
49.01
53.69
53.95
48.81
46.43
46.53
44.30
45.10
45.95
45.12
46.08
49.80
51.28
54.36
 53.16
 58.25
 62.60
 64.00
 64.75
 67.31
 67.35
 70.77
79.89
70.05
68.46
63.61
67.75
68.20
67.95
27.66
35.38
34.38
36.61
35.71
37.13
36.81
40.50
42.10
36.41
38.56
36.25
34.20
34.30
34.48
34.10
37.41
37.50
 40.56
 41.96
 41.95
 48.80
 53.22
 58.00
 58.66
 59.62
 59.90
 67.06
Spring.   Summer.
77.06
68.85
64.90
59.56
64.65
65.15
20.75
27.56 j
29.09
30.03
28.83
33.31
31.25
36.12
35.15
30.23
31.20
28.79
29.19
30.50
32.14
32.80
33.59
 31.65
34.42
 35.18
 36.80
 41.24
 47.33
 49.12
 52.27
 53.39
 53.48
 59.09
38.50
36.87
39.40
39.05
39.10
41.33
41.83
43.46
41.47
45.59
45.40
44.32
42.44
42.33
38.92
39.43
39.38
38.20
 43.90
 45.94
 46.68
 47.13
 48.11
 52.19
 56.14
 59.50
 59.93
 61.70
 63.42
 64.73
 68.52
Autumn.   Winter.
Year.
65.09
60.95
62.04
59.85
62.21
64.55
67.52
70.12
66.78
73.21
71.57
72.58
70.22
68.60
64.21
64.55
66.46
67.80
70.58
 71.20
 72.98
 74.90
 74.30
 76.89
 78.71
 80.33
 80.13
 79.99
 80.76
 78.55
 79.61
63.00
56.09
65.02	
61	82
58.90	
59	10
1 54	14
! 56	.65
68.13
66.46
57.99
52.40
53.50
47.88
50.25
49.61
54.70
55.90
55.77
55.75
48.30
47.20
56.40
40.25
45.20
;70.04
 65.92
 65.43
 64.17
 66.22
 66.94
66.22
67.07
62.20
57.17
58.60
53.16
56.28
84.48
77.03
80.10
79.07
81.00
79.97
80.08

80.78
78.43
78.00
76.62
76.00
75.17
40.05
46.53
45.84
48.42
48.51
51.04
49.68
54.07
54.83
50.56
50.38
49.19
45.90
46.97
48.04
47.47
50.11
51.73
53.67
55.82
 55.17
 60.78
 65.05
 67.33
 68.05
 69.26
 69.69
 72.48
18.64
25.64

27.23
26.69
30.72
27.94
32.75
33.07
28.34
25.17
23.01
24.54
26.44
28.01
27.26
31.73
29.76
33.74
33.90

 40.83
 47.63
 49.37
 49.95
 51.93
 54.62
 58.56
79.69
72.22
71.96
67.34
70.73
71.31
69.03

70.53
66.14
62.23
62.92
58.58
61.70
61.74
55.77
40.03
42.77

45.38
46.15
48.78
46.47
51.40
51.02
48.95
47.05
45.78
43.41
44.35
45.47
45.18
49.08
49.66
51.77
52.94

 57.67
 61.88
 64.13
 64.51
 65.72
 67.12
 68.58
90
86
89
89
87
91
91
89
92
93
94
90
92
89
88
90
87
90
97
96
98
 92
 94
 97
 90
 94
 97
 89
 96
 93
 99
-36
-28
-20.5
- 6
- 5
  2
- 9
  9
Above ! Below
mean. ; mean.
LOCALITY.
70.26
68.44
50.94
53.16
54.29

55.12
55.11
50.15
45.47
49.70
39.59
42.22
65.38
67.78
68.13

67.61
68.37
64.23
60.72
61.96
56.83
58.84
96
88
90
88
94
94
94
92

95
99
100
93
98
 94
 5
-21
-14
- 7
 1
 4
- 4
 6
- 5
 10
  3
 14
 19
 20
 18
 22
 26
 28
 30
 28
 23
 23

 31
 34
 32
 24
 26
  28

  28
  27
  16
  14
  10
 — 3
  10
48.9
46.2

45.6
44.8
40.2
45.3
41.6
42.8
41.1
44.9
43.2
44.6
45.6
41.5
44.8
47.9
46.3
46.2
39.1

 39.3
 28.1
 29.8
 32.5
 23.3
 28.9
 24.4
60.5
48.7

43.4
55.2
39.8
54.6
42.4
43.2
43.9
68.1
59.8
50.4
43.4
41.4
49.2
43.1
54.7
41.8
49.9

 38.7
 41.9
 46.1
 42.5
 39.7
 39.1
 38.6
17.7
21.5

28.6
26.2
25.9

24.4
26.6
34.8
37.3
31.1
41.2
35.2
39.2
34.4

41.4
41.7
40.1

39.6
41.4
48.2
46.7
51.9
59.8
48.8
Mouth of Fish river, Maine.
On the Aroostook river, Maine.
Houlton, Maine.
Eastport, Maine.
Portland, Maine.
Portsmouth, New Hampshire.
Near Boston, Massachusetts.
Newport, Rhode Island.
New London, Connecticut.
Governor's Island, N. Y. harbor.
Narrows, New York harbor.
Hudson river, New York.
Watervliet, near Troy, N. Y.
Plattsburg, L. Champlain, N. Y.
Sackett's Harbor, New York.
Oswego, New York.
Mouth of Niagara river, N. Y.
Buffalo, New York.
Pittsburg, Pennsylvania.
Carlisle, Pennsylvania.
 Delaware river, near Phila.
 Baltimore, Maryland.
 Annapolis, Maryland.
 Old Pt. Com., near Norfolk, Va.
 Beaufort, North Carolina.
 Smithville, North Carolina.
 Augusta, Georgia.
 Charleston harbor, S. Carolina.
 Savannah, Georgia.
 St. Augustine, Florida.
 Pilatka, St. John's river, Fla.
 Central Florida.          [Fla.
 Suwanee river, near Cedar Keys,
 Key West, Florida.
 Tampa Bay, Florida.
  Near Pensacola, Fla.  [bay, Ala.
  Mobile Point, entrance to Mobile
  Near Mobile, Ala.  [N. O., La.
  Entrance to L. Pontchartrain, n 'r
  Petite Coquille I'd, n'rN.O., La.
  Entrance to Lake Borgne, Miss.
  New Orleans.
  Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
  Near Nachitoches. Louisiana.
   Washita river, Indian Territory.
  On a small tributary of lied river,
   Arkansas river, Ark.   [Ind. Ter.
   Arkansas river, Indian Ter. 
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METEOROLOGICAL
REGISTER.
53
MONTHLY, AND EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE FOR 1843.
Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.	LOCALITY.
50.90 49.56 53.39 44.62 44.90 42.29 38.04 39.29 38.24 40.22 47.72 49.04 43.50	42.35 42.61 41.74 34.95 34.80 30.60 28.25 29.88 29.96 31.27 26.61 40.20 34.93	37.90 37.12 35.93 31.35 31.90 27.75 25.80 27.24 26.90 28.61 23.14 36.12 31.50	47.33 47.83 49.37 42.12 41.21 36.63 32.60 31.09 36.64 35.67 36.70 33.49 42.54 39.90	73.60 74.67 77.15 65.47 63.86 60.45 62.14 67.30 68.73 70.75 66.48 72.40 70.49	54.65 54.06 55.91 48.35 47.73 43.53 39.86 43.67 43.43 45.56 44.09 52.16	34.35 32.35 31.54 27.03 26.51 20.80 17.10 19.34 18.82 18.83 15.28 28.53	52.48 52.23 53.49 45.51 43.68 39.34 37.55 41.74 41.66 42.96 39.83 48.91	94 91 100 94 94 91 80 86 94 94 91 89 90 93	2 1 — 2 —11 — 5 — 7 — 7 —21 —22 —16 —23 —20 —10 —14	41.5 38.8 46.5 48.5 47.3 40.7 48.4 52.3 52.3 48.1 49.2 41.1	50.8 51.2 55.5 50.5 50.6 46.3 58.5 63.7 57.7 65.9 59.8 58.9	Near western boundary of Mo. Near St. Louis, Missouri. St. Louis, Missouri. Near Detroit, Michigan. Detroit, Michigan. St. Clair river, Michigan. Island of Mackinac, L. Huron. Sault Ste Marie, Michigan. Central Wisconsin. Turkey river, Iowa. Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. St. Paul, Minnesota. Kansas, on the Missouri river. Near Council Bluffs, Iowa. On riv. Des Moines, Cent'l Iowa.
 
5-i
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
MONTHLY  SUMMARIES  OF  AMOUNT OF RAIN,  1843.
STATIONS.
Hancock Barracks.....
Fort Sullivan..........
Fort Preble............
Fort Constitution.......
Watertown Arsenal
Fort Adams............
Fort Trumbull.........
Fort Columbus.........
Fort Hamilton.........
West Point.............
Watervliet Arsenal.....
Plattsburg Barracks___
Madison Barracks......
Fort Niagara..........
Buffalo Barracks.......
Alleghany Arsenal.....
Fort Mifflin............
Fort McIIenry.........
Fort Severn............
Fort Monroe...........
Fort Moultrie .........
Oglethorpe Barracks ...
Fort Shannon..........
Key West Barracks.....
Fort Brooke...........
Camp Barrancas.......
Fort Morgan...........
Mount Vernon Arsenal
Pass Christian.........
New  Orleans Barracks
Fort  Pike.............
Fort Wood.............
Baton Rouge..........,
Fort Jesup.............
Fort  Washita.........
Fort Towson..........,
Fort Smith.............
Fort Gibson...........
Fort Scott............
Jefferson Barracks.....
St. Louis Arsenal.......
Dearbornville Arsenal .
Detroit Barracks.......
Fort Gratiot   .........
Fort Bradv...........
Jan. i Feb.   Mar.  April. May. ' June.  July.   Aug. ' Sept. !  Oct.   Nov
2.02
2.15
1.87
1.2S
1.96
4.22
2.05
1.00
0.T0
2.70
1.90
1.21
2.35
5.61
3.52
2.70
1.9S
1.60
0.51
2.07
1.27
1.S7
3.37
2.54
2.11
3.81
4.00
3.15
2.80

3.57
6.74
6.43
3.42
2.31
1.90
3.02

1.46
1>5
2.27
1.70
3.31
1.92
2.20

4.00
2.09
2.03
3.79
*1.22
 5.90
 2.79
 3.38
 5.20
*1.40
 5.41
 5.68
 5.92
 2.13
 4.20
 5.05
 1.30
 2.88
 2.57
 2.71
 3.28
 3.27
 4.45
 3.80
 3.00
 3.30
10.52
12.51
11.23

 7.20
 7. So
 6.70
 9.22
2.06
2.20
_.it>
1.51
7.40
4.9S
2.27
1.94
2.60
1.91
2.72
2.07
3.80  5.31
2.39  6.54
1.41  3.25

0.25 | 3.35
0.26 ] 2.29
0.70 ' 2.81
0.20 i 1.75
1.75  2.30
1.30 j 2.29
2.11 ' 1.80
1.99 ' 1.S5
2.64 : 2.23
1.06 ] 0.63
3.92
3.05
4.42
2.77
3.60
7.53
4.20
2.14
5.70
3.40
4.26
1.4S
2.15
2.81
3.51
2.33
1.58
2.90
2.59
3.10
0.02
0.84
2.12
0.00
1.30
5.86
2.17
5.17

2.67
4.26
1.50
3.08
5.60

7.10
5.49
2.71
4.46
4.52
4.64
1.20
2.05
2.15
1.45
2.80
2.35
4.05
0.60
1.S6
3.69
3.35
1.00
1.32
2.25
3.25
4.88
1.44
2.39
1.65
4.05
3.16
3.55
5.71
6.20
2.3S
2.01
2.09
1.03
2.00
0.70
0.01
0.72

0.45
1.55
0.22
2.7S
4.42

9.26
4.85
2.59
6.10
3.01
4.95
2.83
3.16
1.68
2.42
2.37  2.70
1.55 , 3.83
4.79 1*1.31
6.52  1.70
4.50  2.58
2.05  2.88
2.47
0.76
1.67
1.95
6.05
5.48
2.51
1.64
1.88
3.00
4.39
5.09
4.70  2.79
5.67 j 4.23
2.S6 j 3.77
3.i-3  1.S7
1.74  4.01
0.90 ! 5.40
     I
1.24 : 6.2S
2.20 I 3.70
3.24  5.54
 5.69
 5.31
 1.85
 6.90
13.04
 3.49
16.C7

14.57
20.56
18.24
 7.62
 3.30

 1.91
 6.80
 3.32
 8.46
 2.12
 3.53
 5.33
 5.70
 1.20
 8.61
 4.95

 6.11
 8.70

18.22
 8.61
 8 20
 7.66

 4.40
 3.26
 2.30
 5.34
 2.60
 4.13
 8.92
 3.75
 6.30
 7.16
 8.00
 9.12
10.14
15.26
14.05
M.33
 7,02
 5.22
 1.85
 1.49
 2.90
 2.32
 6.03
 7.82
 5.99
 8.60
 7.76
 7.16
 5.18
 2.99
 6.60
 7.04

 2.18
 2.39

 6.01
 2.04
 2.57
 1.34
 0.60
 5.72
 2.37
 8.18
 3.30
 0.97
 0.76
1.10
0.95
7.84
3.55
5.03 | 2.11
5.36 I 2.32
4.06
3.14
2.08
2.53
0.39 ! 5.21
0.43  3.83
1.12 [ 5.80
1.96 10.02
 1.68
 8.06
 3.75
 3.62
 2.61
 4.47
 2.66
 4.72
 7.10
 6.44
 4.95
10.50
10.37
 3.20
 5.39
 1.54
 1.50
 4.65
 9.90
 5.87

 3.49
11.19

15.26
 5.66
 9.16
 2.64
 8.61
 4.40
 3.42
 2.11
 4.42
 5.76
 2.02
1.46  2.20
1 82  3.£5
0.41 i 3.00
7.45
5.91
4.10
6.95
4.83
4.83
6.91
2.24
7.76
3.46
2.84
1.97
2.64
4.50
0.65
0.60
2.39
6.83
2.60
1.46

5.04
2.39

4.14
2.39
2.58
5.79
3.80
6.56
2.14
2.15
0.69
1.65
1.50

1.90
2.73
5.72
2.14
3.40
8.64
2.67
3.39
6.84
5.79
2.82
1.70
4.00
2.75
3.08
2.44
1.54
3.27
2.87
4.08
4.25
4.96
2.20
0.55
0.96
0.28
0.90
0.80
5.78
1.93
6.49
6.77
4.28
8.30
7.56
9.37
3.51
1.94
3.38
4.16
Dec.
1.5S
4.70
1.04
2.72
3.45
7.16
3.80
3.34
8.21
2.70
1.60
0.74
2.06
1.36
8.38
2.26
4.30
3.90
4.26
5.80
2.61
3.57
1.7C
1.31
1.30
4.30
6.02
7.31
6.42
9.81
7.08
1.85
0.80
2.07
0.90
1.45
1.47
Spring.
2.50  1.50
1.30
2.12
3.19
 9.51
 8.78
18.67
 4.77
10.87
16.93
13.47
 5.27
11.22
10.73
 8.SI
11.84
 6.16
 7.94
 8.44
10.65
 9.19
10.25
11.30
12.60
12.92
15.36
15.89

10.50
14.41
2.07
1.68
1.58
*5.81
*1.72
12.40
13.27

19.71
12.63
 6.61
12.31
 9.83
11.88
 5. SO
 7.00
 6.06
 4.55
13.99
 9.13
12.40
15. SS
15.03
14.05
15.12
17.66
17.60
16.28
17.46
15.79
 9.34
11.39
 9.53
 8.02
11.78
14.12
13.51
14.50
16.52
18.18
16.19
 6.04
22.11
25.03
53.79
28.89
18.39
12.80

12.03
12.43
13.80
17.10
 5.69
 8.42

 9.20
 7.96
 6.08
Autumn,
11 08
 7.90
 9.24
 6.43
10.31
18.82
14.92
11.79
 9.55
15.17
10.39
12.43
12.01
 8.50
18.13
12.77
11.87
16.72
17.97
 9.90
 6.59
 3.10
 4.17
12.38
13.30
13.11

14.80
25.89
14.82
16.02
16.73
19.97
20.33
 9.07
 6.75
 9.65
*2.91
 7.57
12.15
17.81
 9.27
 6.65
 5.81
 S 42
*3.50
 3.66
 6.26
 9.24
 8.60
 8.27
 8.20
 7.70

10.31
 6.77
 4.26
 7.42

10.37
 9.61

21.51

13.82
*7.31
♦6.42
14.26
10.69
Year.
3.83
3.84
6.20	9.00
8.49	6.63
11.57	5.49
6.02	4.74
5.40	5.93
8.40	7.04
11.91	4.71
 J4.83
 35.46
*38.22
 34.15
 48.41
 67.61
 52.78
 41.87
 44.18
 50.60
 40.16
 43.72
 83.77
 37.07
 44.70
 39.71
 41.04
 48.79

 47.81
 42.80
 40.90
 43.17

 56.28
 62.16

 76.38
*92.80
*51.85
 61.07
 52.99

 55.90
 37.97
 85.61
 44.53
 32.58
 81.06

 27.64
 29.45
 27.25 
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
55
MONTHLY SUMMARIES OF AMOUNT OF RAIN, 1843.
STATIONS.	Jan.	Feb.	Mar.	April.	May.	June.	July.	Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
	0.72 0.70 1.15 0.12 1.80	0.02 0.93 1.46 0.10	0.89 0.58 0.82 1.35	2.14 1.60 0.75 5.53	4.18 2.82 3.12 2.29	4.07 3.10 5.22 0.52	1.20 2.20 2.09 0.57	1.22 4.13 1.84 0.13	4.41 4.90 5.14 8.19	0,60 1.33 0.50 1,04	2.67 2.82 1.43 0.05	0.58 0.47 0.27 1.05	6.71 5.00 4.69 9.17	6.49 9.43 9.25 1.22	7.63 9.05 7.07 4.28	1.92 2.10 2.88 1.27	22.80
																	25.58 23.89
																	15.94
																	
																	
 Note.—Entries marked thus (#) are of incomplete amounts, sufficiently near to be useful for reference.
At Fort Mams the quantity is undoubtedly over measured. 
56
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
SUMMARY OF WEATHER
STATIONS.
 Hancock Barracks ..
 Fort Sullivan.......
 Fort Constitution...
 Watertown Arsenal .
 Fort Adams........
 Fort Trumbull......
 Fort Columbus.....
 Fort Hamilton......
 West Point........
 Watervliet Arsenal .
 I'lattsburg Barracks.
 Madison Barracks...
 Fort Ontario.......
 Fort Niagara.......
 Buffalo Barracks....
 Alleghany Arsenal..
 Carlisle Barracks ...
 Fort Mifflin........
 Fort McHenry.....
 Fort Severn........
 Fort Monroe.......
 Fort Macon........
 Fort Johnston.......
 Augusta Arsenal....
 Fort Moultrie......
 Oglethorpe Barracks
 Fort Marion.......
 Fort Brooke........
 Camp Barrancas....
 Mt. Vernon Arsenal.
 Fort Pike..........,
 Fort Wood.........
 New Orleans.......
 Baton Rouge........
 Fort Jesup.........
 Fort Washita.......
 Fort Towson........
 Fort Smith..........
 Fort Gibson.........
Fort Scott...........
Jefferson Barracks ...
 St. Louis Arsenal ....
Detroit Barracks.....
Fort Gratiot.........
 Fort Mackinac.......
Fair.   | Cloudy.
Snow.
 132
 172
 183
 166
 200
 164
 159
 173
 185
 151
 220
 130
 138
 119
 151
 142
 205
 217
 190
 202
 188
 259
 265
 241
 239
 217
 240
 255
 170
 228
 19S
 194
 154
 240
 176
 222
 182
 199
239
 192
 179
203
 109
143
151
 233
 193
 182
 199
 165
 201
 206
 192
 180
 214
 145
 235
 227
 246
 214
 223
 160
 148
 175
 163
 177
 106
 100
 124
 126
 148
 125
 110
 195
 137
 167
 171
211
 161
189
143
183
166
126
173
186
162
256
222
214
 98
 66
 65
 61
 91
 97
 90
 76
 83
 66
 85
 79
 90
 90
115
101
 91
107
101
 92
118
109

 91
 84
104
 92
125
110
118
115
118
115
125
121
 76
109
101
 68
111
 93
 57
 82
105
 52
 42
 39
 37
 37
 33
 32
 19
 23
 30
 42
 49
 54
 57
 34
 67
 32
 19
 17
 19
 7
 6
 1

 2
 0
 0
 0
 0
 0
 1
 0
 1
 1
 0
 3
 4
 4
 9
 6
 9
26
20
47
64
66
 55
  9
 27
 20
 43
 36
 14
 31
 24
 28
 21
  7
 22
 21
 28
 41
 21
 11
 33
 35
  7
 40
28'
38
30
35
23
31
36
19
23
94

75
53
17
44
 3
20
26
16
35
31
12
32
 36
 15
 45
 32
 49
 42
 72
 47
  9
  3
 36
 40
 44
 62
 41
 27
 17
 66
 54
 13
 62
 67
 47
 38
 46
 57
108
 71
 63
116
 77
 18

 21
 54
 69
 72
 48
 70
 52
 29
 38
 75
 74
 29
28
  7
20
26
31
13
10
32
  2
  9
  2
10
18
26
12
15
73
12
16
  6
53
11
33
  8
89
32
14
41
36
 3
47
92
S. E.
32
67
12
24
27
27
37
23
20
20
48
66
42
21
15
 6
29
3*1
33
37
34
29
17
30
21
41
57
48
58
88
71
104	30
21	37
6	80
51	49
36	37
53	143
41	46
28	57
54	47
22	21
13	49
70	21
 68
 41
 55
 13
 26
 16
  9
 29
 32
117
 14
 59
 33
 26
 12
  7
 30
 11
 15
 47
 13
 32
 36
 50
 36
 60
 13
 32
 19
  9
 24
 82

 58
138
  7
 19
  9
 23
 52
 29
 29
 48
 30
 16
 41
103
 34
 82
 56
 70
 53
 45
 17
 21
 74'
112
 70
 80
147
 28
 19
 97
 62
 30
 86
 91
 49
105
 36
 45
 32
 45
 71
 66
 25
15
32
99
14
43
20
45
38
39
98
94
17
 39
 75
 75
 81
 44
 26
 22
 39
 19
106
  6
 16
 69
 53
 54
 44
101
 40
 61
 30
 37
 25
 24
 12
 81
 30
 23
 22
 19
  3
 32
 46

 19
  5
  9
 13
 14
  8
 34
 68
 71
 30
 35
 76 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER,
57
OBSERVATIONS FOR 1843.
								WINDS.							
						No. of observations anc			sum of fo	•ce.					
N	.	N.	E.	E.		S.	E.	S.		S. W.		w.		N. W.	
221	572	145	399	113	289	127	322	272	751	163	479	155	546	214	744
34	128	60	293	28	66	270	767	165	364	413	1231	298	892	195	718
107	188	182	458	80	205	49	141	220	426	138	313	302	610	349	829
80	130	129	260	104	201	96	206	54	123	327	689	323	554	363	634
174	677	196	977	125	519	110	360	104	279	224	954	175	620	267	1039
144	341	167	473	52	190	109	364	64	136	279	786	104	• 274	502	1356
57	85	289	381	41	59	149	249	38	74	212	270	87	173	557	1182
123	427	187	464	127	268	91	176	118	179	182	457	156	513	215	938
97	201	35	58	9	11	80	173	129	208	68	111	77	134	482	1110
111	261	11	25	35	93	81	279	467	1416	86	166	425	1178	214	593
86	215	143	303	8	16	192	567	55	230	294	956	24	70	610	1376
30	108	160	606	42	125	266	796	235	866	448	1423	62	242	278	1460
88	245	176	460	72	170	170	395	132	292	279	556	277	707	157	517
84	289	249	811	102	295	85	244	104	213	317	962	213	591	271	766
112	322	163	451	47	99	62	150	50	147	589	2027	218	728	141	457
163	200	109	156	60	86	22	41	26	62	111	307	177	528	256	775
86	95	70	75	291	319	117	123	119	144	75	87	405	521	150	205
43	81	263	643	48	109	123	296	45	106	390	888	153	392	356	816
131	239	218	478	64	129	133	308	61	133	247	584	243	551	294	719
140	490	53	217	23	65	148	455	190	583	121	313	119	301	318	1080
30	65	247	600	211	525	137	257	53	98	342	766	148	312	268	743
160	484	267	781	43	99	117	289	128	377	363	1221	101	362	233	748
111	116	187	212	132	134	67	67	143	143	195	197	97	108	45	58
151	211	154	242	32	61	119	171	199	306	421	599	49	70	301	532
119	300	183	616	356	1143	82	262	145	482	142	508	325	1010	88	269
139	245	228	487	126	310	163	427	239	511	187	465	121	333	132	306
93	112	432	627	57	76	227	299	51	57	129	299	93	115	187	255
122	215	284	649	165	254	193	293	128	202	170	370	88	195	107	223
144	424	254	654	145	499	232	656	77	212	285	824	78	218	189	552
78	171	462	794	12	15	352	577	36	57	265	427	13	18	325	705
93	321	309	811	189	428	283	680	94	261	99	322	127	335	160	490
375	521	70	123	367	529	33	64	327	448	34	43	184	244	18	41
300	623	83	167	415	791	121	271	232	398	62	104	78	129	64	139
212	369	215	298	84	131	147	188	553	790	127	186	18	23	78	167
67	197	275	465	23	35	322	614	26	67	397	904	38	90	230	539
174	340	287	367	202	329	196	316	76	172	58	109	53	91	232	446
10	30	192	482	143	334	146	360	37	98	170	423	57	134	167	559
80	190	282	460	211	300	571	936	91	211	81	106	31	58	83	152
105	239	210	407	164	293	182	391	208	493	181	419	134	269	164	403
66	109	115	184	111	211	229	449	115	225	152	343	272	553	308	764
139	208	154	244	218	324	188	350	115	203	156	315	283	589	167	359
126	270	300	850	87	191	84	198	192	493	392	1195	120	334	131	394
50	148	297	812	53	102	196	454	119	309	375	932	139	283	157	372
126	256	118	254	230	790	83	225	64	210	(^	! 192	305	744	393	' 1044
 
58
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
SUMMARY OF WEATHER
	WEATHER.				WINDS.							
STATIONS.	DAYS.				DAYS.							
	Fair.	i Cloudy, j Rain.		Snow.	N.	N. E. E.		S. E.	s. ' ?. w. w.			N. W.
Fort Brady.........	138 183 173 181 167 • 206	227 ' Q1		43 58 63 48 37 21	39 27 36 10 21 36	17 18 41 16 23 29	72 22 24 11 11 20	48 27 20 58 47 31	29 45 33 24 52 83	24 si		64 73 109 149 73 70
Fort Winneb ico ...-.. Fort Atkinson....... Fort Crawford....... Fort Leavenworth ..,		182 192 184 198 159	68 68 70 68 71							23 38 80 84 37	49 31 16 22 31	
 
OS
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GO
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER
MONTH OF JANUARY, 1844.
THERMOMETER.
STATIONS.
Mean Temperature.
S. R.
Hancock Barracks......    0
Fort Sullivan..........   10
Fort Preble............   11
Fort Constitution......j   14
Watertown Arsenal....!   12
Fort Adams...........   20
Fort Trumbull.........   17
Fort Columbus.........|   22
Fort Hamilton.........   22
West Point............   16
Watervliet Arsenal.....    8
Plattsburg Barracks....    7
Madison Barracks......    9
Fort Ontario..........   15
Fort Niagara..........   2U
Buffalo Barracks.......   20
Alleghany Arsenal.....   22
Carlisle Barracks.......   20
Fort Mifflin...........   24
Fort McHenry.........   23
Fort Severn...........   26
Fort Monroe..........   32
Fort Macon...........   40
Fort Johnston.........   37
Augusta Arsenal.......   40
Fort Moultrie..........   47
Oglethorpe Barracks ...   43
Fort Marion...........   52
Fort Brooke...........   55
Camp Barrancas.......   52
Fort Pike.............   52
Fort Wood............   52
New Orleans..........   53
Baton Rouge..........   52
Fort Jesup...........   4G
FortTowson..........I   38
Fort Washita..........   40
Fort Smith............   32
Fort Gibson...........'   36
Fort Scott.............   27
Jefferson Barracks.....|   28
St. Louis Arsenal......i   26
Detroit Barracks.......   19
Fort Gratiot..........   19
Fort Mackinac.........   13
Fort Brady............'    7
Fnrt Winnebago.......   ]3
.90
.96
.12
.64
.25
.63
.45
.35
.84
.06
.45
.12
.26
.40
.67
.10
.51
.38
.42
.24
.41
.23
.70
.12
.19
.22
.50
.00
.48
.12
.41
.50
.23
.41
.22
.74
.10
.38
.40
.19
.77
.32
.83
.50
.80
.67
.41
9 A. M.
 3.58
15.74
13.12
15.51
15.96
23.63
20.07
25.42
24.74
17.35
15.00
 8.96
11.28
16.60
22.48
23.12
23.19
26.12
27.32
30.30
31.90
35.90
43.22
44.12
43.54
48.32
47.70
59.02
59.00
56.25
55.90
58.23
60.16
57.93
51.13
41.77
43.90
37.12
39.35
30.68
29.06
31.41
24.16
22.20
15.16
 8.93
15.00
3 P. M.   9 P. M
14.97
21.32
20.12
23.80
23.58
27.60
26.19
29.51
31.36
23.58
19.96
15.38
17.30
20.70
24.45
25.28
30.83
30.13
31.74
33.19
34.29
39.80
46.00
50.00
50.77
53.32
55.90
62.02
67.27
60.96
60.90
63.52
63.77
63.32
62.22
52.90
51.70
47.12
47.37
34.87
34.64
37.16
27.25
27.50
18.06
15.54
21.67
 6.35
16.64
13.09
17.45
15.96
23.30
20.12
25.78
26.22
19.41
13.19
 9.96
13.12
16.90
21.06
21.10
25.38
23.67
29.64
29.16
28.90
32.20
42.33
43.03
44.64
51.46
48.90
55.03
62.32
55.76
55.58
56.13
57.00
55.74
51.70
44.16
44.40
36.35
39.58
29.48
32.83
30.87
22.51
21.10
17.90
 9.90
16.19
Mean.
Range.
Max.  Min
 6.45
16.17
14.36
17.85
16.94
23.79
20.96
25.76
26.29
19.10
14.15
10.33
12.74
17.40
22.17
22.40
25.48
25.07
28.28
29.22
30.35
35.03
44.08
43.57
44.78
50.08
49.00
57.02
61.02
56.27
56.20
57.60
58.54
57.35
52.82
44.40
45.02
38.24
40.67
30.55
31.32
31.44
23.43
22.57
16.23
10.51
16.57
48
45
38
41
48
48
46
47
49
44
40
42
40
52
44
45
54
40
42
48
48
57
60
69
62
68
66
78
76
72
75
79
76
74
71
73
72
73
77
47
54
56
44
44
34
32
38
-22
-10
-13
- 6
- 8
  3
- 3
  3
  0
- 4
-22
-18
- 6
- 7
  2
  1
  2
  0
  6
  5
  8
 13
 19
 20
 16
 24
 22
 25
 32
 30
 34
 35
 37
 34
 28
 24
 28
 20
 19
  8
 11
  8
-12
- 8
-13
-34
Above
mean.
41.5
28.8
13.6
23.1
21.0
24.2
25.0
21.2
22.7
24.9
25.8
31.6
27.2
34.6
21.8
22.6
29.5
14.9
13.7
18.7
17.6
21.9
15.9
25.4
17.2
17.9
17.0
20.9
14.9
15.7
18.8
21.4
17.4
16.6
18.1
28.6
26,9
34.7
36.3
16.4
22.6
24.5
20.5
21.4
17.7
21.4
21.4
Below
mean.
28.4
26.1
27.3
23.8
24.9
20.7
23.9
22.7
26.2
23.1
36.1
28.3
18.7
24.4
20.1
21.4
23.4
25.0
22.2
24.2
22.3
22.0
25.0
23.5
28.7
26.0
27.0
32.0
29.0
26.2
22.2
22.6
21.5
23.3
24.8
20.4
17.0
18.2
21.6
22.5
20.3
23.4
35.4
30.5
29.2
44.5
24.5
No. of Observations
N.		N. E.		E.	
39	156	6	15	11	38
5	22	8	48	0	0
32	98	5	17	2	8
10	20	1	3	10	22
1	2	3	12	7	15
18	68	8	43	3	9
4	12	6	21	7	22
9	5	31	32	4	5
37	138	22	54	6	12
12	90	0	0	1	1
36	63	3	5	1	1
0	0	15	35	1	2
1	4	50	207	8	33
9	41	48	128	0	0
23	74	14	26 P67	6	7
12	36	21		7	24
11	28	18	21	21	15
3	3	22	22	25	25
4	7	26	55	8	21
25	66	17	36	18	30
9	30	8	28	5	11
5	7	12	25	23	52
26	86	0	0	8	20
16	31	36	56	8	11
10	14	10	12	4	4
6	22	26	78	18	50
16	17	29	32	13	13
1	1	34	36	0	0
0	0	33	39	12	70
37	127	8	25	37	143
6	14	33	73	30	51
30	34	1	1	43	49
6	16	13	33	23	58
38	40	9	10	16	19
3	5	41	54	5	6
9	9	29	29	26	26
21	45	28	46	9	18
0	0	29	66	16	43
2	3	9	16	23	18
14	33	13	30	20	46
9	20	5	13	18	55
1	3	8	10	29	39
22	70	12	22	18	46
1	2	9	24	12	18
16	37	14	22	18	36
14	39	8	16	26	55
12	33	3	13	10	41
# 
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62
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
STATIONS.
Fort Crawford....
Fort Atkinson...,
Fort Snelling.....
Fort Des Moines..
Fort Leavenworth
MONTH  OF JANUARY, 1844.
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
13.25
10.09
 6.09
16.77
23.02
15.26
14.45
 7.64
19.54
25.17
22.30
19.41
14.51
27.45
30.31
9 P. M.
18.21
13.32
 9.41
20.58
25.13
17.25
14.32
 9.41
21.08
25.88
Range.
Max.
38
37
38
45
46
Min.
= 6
-12
-18
- 4
  3
Above
mean.
20.7
22.6
28.5
23.9
20.1
Below
mean.
23.2
26.3
27.4
25.0
22.8
No. of Observations
N.		N. E.		I	
0	0	0	0	6	7
33	52	16	28	18	33
3	9	11	33	1	2
30	72	13	29	9	16
7	16	10	16	10	20
 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
63
MONTH OF JANUARY, 1844.
																	ft--------			
				WINDS.							WEATHER.						RAIN AND SNOW.			
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		43 a a s	REMARKS.
S. E.		g		S. W.		w.		N. W.		S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	£	>> 3 o	a	is o		
															h	O	«	Ifl	<1	
26	71	3	3	19	32	4	9	66	98	3.22	4.12	4.16	3.25	3.68	15	16	10	9	2.60	
41	57	1	5	0	0	3	5	12	25	3.03	3.38	3.58	3.48	3.36	10	21	4	11		
30	82	8	15	43	94	2	7	26	79	3.45	2.93	3.35	5.00	3.90	13	18	4	11	1.50	
25	53	13	34	6	30	6	24	22	72	4.29	4.25	4.12	4.06	4.18	13	18	9	5	....	
13	28	17	32	16	36	13	27	38	69	3.11	4.50	4.90	4.50	4.25	13	18	I	1	0.50	
 
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METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
65
MONTH OF FEBRUARY, 1844.
WINDS.										WEATHER.							RAIN AND SNOW.			
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		0> 43 a a a	REMARKS.
S. E.		S.		s.w.		W.		N. W.		S. R.	9 A.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	(-1 5		□ '3	0 a		
6	18	22	69	8	32	19	72	17	69	3.72	3.75	4.13	4.78	4.09	12	17	0	5	0.79	
13	29	2	6	45	119	31	56	20	64	5.44	5.03	5.06	5.17	5.15 ! 16		13	2	5	1.65	
2	3	11	22	43	96	8	17	9	22	4.80	5.10	5.20	5.40	5.27	17	12	6	6	0.75	
1	2	10	17	9	11	27	37	26	53	4.72	5.79	5.27	5.48	5.31	16	13	9	9	1.43	
3	4	2	5	29	59	15	37	34	88	8.00	9.11	7.82	8.68	8.40	18	11	3	7	1.64	
6	20	1	2	5	13	35	91	38	119	4.10	5.00	4.10	5.00	4.55	16	13	3	3	1.24	
8	26	3	5	7	14	8	19	54	102	5.20	5.50	4.64	5.85	5.30	15	14	3	5	1.81	
7	0	2	1	9	12	31	39	20	37	6.10	6.60	6.00	5.60	6.07	17	12	3	5	1.03	
4	• 8	2	2	4	12	32	93	33	81	6.86	6.06	5.24	6.44	6.15 20		9	2	5	0.93	
7	2	17	6	0	0	13	11	78	104	5.27	4.82	4.96	5.96	5.25	17	12	0	6	3.10	
1	2	12	39	11	22	23	64	34	83	3.62	3.89	4.44	5.58	4.38	12	17	1	3	....	
25	59	13	40	16	32	0	0	23	38	2.37	3.31	4.34	3.31	3.44	8	21	8	5	0.54	
41	172	8	27	14	54	2	10	24	101	2.70	3.19	3.16	4.24	3.32	10	19	1	13	0.85	
31	51	5	9	19	35	5	10	8	22	2.30	'2.80	2.80	3.10	2.55	8	19	2	2	0.19	27 days' observations.
5	24	19	24	23	44	28	72	5	17	3.62	3.89	4.58	4.72	4.20	10	19	8	5	0.53	
4	11	10	25	46	136	21	60	12	42	3.14	3.20	3.06	4.00	3.35	9	20	9	13	0.64	
0	0	0	0	20	32	14	18	28	49	3.48	3.65	3.37	4.48	3.74	10	19	7	4	0.93	
2	1	4	2	0	0	30	27	34	39	5.17	5.30	5.24	5.55	5.31	16	13	1	6	....	
4	9	3	6	28	43	15	33	31	68	6.34	6.07	6.44	5.72	6.14	19	10	1	6	2.00	
6	10	11	9	15	17	23	39	21	63	5.17	5.11	5.27	5.13	5.17	19	10	3	4	1.45	
6	12	24	62	8	19	13	39	41	120	5.65	5.20	5.48	6.00	5.58	18	11	1	8	0.94	
11	17	3	4	15	26	11	16	21	61	5.30	5.21	4.27	6.13	5.22	17	12	4	3	1.50	
5	12	8	21	14	41	12	26	29	112	7.31	7.73	7.51	6.90	7.36	24	5	7	0	3.50	Therm, protected.
0	0	16	23	16	21	12	18	10	33	3.28	5.17	6.11	5.16	4.93	19	10	4	0	1.50	
6	6	2	6	35	60	15	37	24	45	6.27	7.13	6.62	7.34	6.84	21	8	5	0	....	
4	3	12	32	10	29	34	96	14	41	5.00	5.41	3.62	7.06	5.27	17	12	4	0	1.69	
5	5	5	5	7	9	21	26	20	17	3.42	4.75	6.10	5.72	4.99	15	14	5	0	1.10	
5	3	1	3	11	13	6	12	17	41	3.62	5.89	6.27	7.38	5.79	19	10	3	0	1.00	
22	26	13	16	3	4	0	0	5	10	8.62	9.00	8.62	8.68	8.73	27	2	4	0	1.23	
15	10	6	2	8	17	0	0	17	16	5.10	6.75	7.24	6.94	6.50	24	5	6	0	3.30	
23	85	1	5	13	53	4	6	35	107	4.10	5.27	4.89	5.55	4.95	14	15	4	0	0.91	
30	53	0	0	4	6	5	7	21	37	4.00	5.04	7.00	6.55	5.67	20	9	6	0	0.80	
1	3	19	22	0	0	25	25	0	0	3.41	5.06	5.79	7.03	5.32	17	12	4	0	0.41	
5	6	4	15	5	14	5	12	4	11	2.50	5.53	4.90	6.30	4.56	13	16	4	0	0.73	
8	11	8	10	13	17	11	9	2	6	4.72	5.06	2.93	7.06	4.94	14	15	0	0		
8	13	27	39	28	32	0	0	2	2	5.79	6.28	7.20	7.17	6.61	23	6	4	0	1.20	
15	17	1	1	6	7	14	14	36	•37	5.67	5.60	6.28	6.89	6.11	16	13	6	0	2.08	
13	22	15	47	20	35	11	16	12	29	5.13	6.83	6.07	6.03	6.01	19	10	5	0	2.87	
9	23	3	9	19	37	8	21	15	47	5.34	6.17	5.31	5.96	5.69	16	13	4	1	3.53	
66	75	3	4	4	2	4	4	3	6	0.68	6.62	6.34	1.72	3.71	14	15	4	0	6.07	
7	10	21	42	18	38	22	53	20	35	6.03	6.34	5.62	7.24	6.30	17	12	4	1	1.30	
21	25	9	18	15	22	33	78	17	27	5.72	6.17	5.62	6.06	5.89	19	10	5	2	2.33	
18	5	4	0	13	8	23	24	19	10	6.10	7.27	6.92	5.03	6.33	20	9	2	1	3.76	
10	22	15	34	45	113	5	8	1	6	4.17	3.03	2.89	4.24	3.58	10	19	3	4	0.61	
19	36	9	20	39	96	4	7	19	45	2.40	3.70	3.80	3.10	3.25	9	20	9	10	1.75	
23	33	6	7	7	8	25	49	18	30	1.75	2.65	3.96	2.86	2.80	5	24	0	6	....	
18	38	4	I 4	n	13	26	45	I 16	42	2.27	1.82	2.10	3.8G	2.51	4	25	0	4	0.43	
9 
66                              METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
MONTH OF FEBRUARY, 1844.
	THERMOMETER.								
STATIONS.	Mean Temperature.					Range.			
	S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.
	18.44 18.22 16.44 16.65 29.45 26.28	23.10 23.16 23.93 20.82 34.70 31.24	31.96 32.26 33.34 29.89 39.70 43.03	24.37 25.17 20.75 21.96 32.05 34.10	24.47 24.70 23.61 22.33 33.97 33.66	46 46 42 45 59 62	— 1 — 9 — 6 —15 20 0	21.5 21.3 18.3 22.6 25.0 28.3	25.4 33.7 29.6 37.3 13.9 33.6
 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
67
MONTH OF FEBRUARY,  1844.
WINDS.										WEATHER.							RAIN AND SNOW.			
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		11 43 O a a % <	REMARKS.
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TO                                METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
MONTH OF MARCH,  1844.
	THERMOMETER.									
STATIONS.	Mean Temperature.					Range.				
	8. R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.	]
	27.93 31.17 28.41 25.90 31.03 35.60	33.83 40.11 34.54 32.54 38.70 41.15	43.58 46.17 43.19 41.32 48.67 51.10	34.74 33.28 33.90 32.00 37.12 43.11	35.02 37.68 35.01 32.94 38.88 40.19	64 68 63 65 69 72	8 12 9 4 12 22	28.9 30.3 27.9 22.0 30.1 31.8	27.0 25.6 26.0 28.9 26.8 18.1	23 5 30 11 26 9
										
Fort Snclling..........										
										
 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
71
MONTH OF MARCH, 1844.
WINDS.										WEATHER.							RAIN AND SNOW.			
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		43 a 5 a <	REMARKS.
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5 22 27 14 5 28	13 32 50 31 15 52	12 12 16 18 20 20	41 19 32 45 46 48	7 19 7 35 32 11	32 40 23 93 79 33	10 8 8 3 4 10	25 15 15 7 15 23	23 44 12 27 13 35	86 129 29 72 39 108	4.22 4.22 4.61 4.58 4.87 5.10	4.74 4.23 4.80 4.90 4.96 4.17	5.09 4.30 3.93 4.80 4.54 4.10	4.90 5.40 5.16 4.09 5.67 4.22	4.74 4.53 4.62 4.59 5.26 4.39	14 15 15 13 19 14	17 16 16 18 12 17	7 7 3 3 9 4	5 2 6 4 3 1	1.33 1.42 0.97 3.40	
 
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74
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH  OF APRIL,  1844.
STATION'S.
Fort Winnebago..
Fort Crawford
Fort Atkinson
Fort Snelling.....
Fort Des Moines..
Fort Leavenworth
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
S. R.	9 A. M.
47.26	55.36
50.38	62.20
47.93	56.83
44.96	51.03
50.96	61.06
58.80	61.93
9 P. M.    Mean.
63.80
60.23
62.86
58.63
68.70
70.19
54.26
56.14
54.46
51.20
56.23
62.93
55.17
57.24
55.39
51.45
59.24
63.46
Range.
Above
mean.
Below
mean.
80
80
85
85
32	24.8
36	26.7
32	24.6
30	28.5
35	25.7
42	21.5
23.1
21.2
23.3
21.4
24.2
21.4
No. of Observations
N.		N. E.		E.	
11	32	13	39	7	23
9	19	13	18	8	19
16	32	3	5	16	36
4	11	17	49	8	27
10	16	10	16	15	27
8	8	6	11	4	4
 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
75
MONTH OF APRIL, 1844.
				WINDS.						WEATHER.							RAIN AND SNOW.			
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		xs u a a a	REMARKS.
S. E.		I		S. W.		w.		N. W.		S. R.	9 A. M,	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	£	>> •a 0 a	d	tc o		
															fc	5	Bi	VI	<	
6	24	25	74	7	29	12	45	6	19	4.33	5.36	4.96	4.90	4.89	16	14	11	0	3.52	
30	60	28	63	16	33	5	15	11	15	4.25	5.60	3.20	5.60	4.66	14	16	11	0	3.56	Morning temp, in ex-
38	105	24	73	11	27	6	19	6	9	4.00	3.80	3.63	4.76	4.04	12	18	9	0	....	[cess.
24	66	26	70	25	72	1	3	15	36	2.66	3.30	3.26	5.40	3.63	11	19	15	0	5.16	
5	14	18	47	47	152	14	36	1	1	3.10	4.00	3.96	5.30	4.09	11	19	3	0	....	
27	118	22	74	29	101	2	13	12	22	3.19	3.16	4.15	5.00	3.87	13	17	5	0	3.20	
 
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78
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
MONTH OF MAY, 1844.
	TIIKRM0METEI5.									
STATIONS.	Mean Temperature.					Range.				
	S. R. 9 A. M		3 P. JI.	9 P. M.	Mean.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.	I
	44.58 41.03 53.28 49.64 47.80 50.87 55.41	51.54 50.64 63.90 58.35 57.61 61.35 61.16	51.87 54.00 66.30 66.16 63.96 67.58 69.33	47.22 46.13 59.23 55.12 50.96 57.54 62.25	48.80 47.95 60.68 57.32 55.08 59.33 62.04	66 69 83 82 76 87 84	31 26 45 32 32 35 44	17.2 21.0 22.3 24.6 20.9 27.6 21.9	17.8 21.9 15.6 25.3 23.0 24.3 18.0	18 5 16 17 16 18 13
										
										
										
										
										
 
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82
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH  OF  JUNE, 1844.
STATIONS.
Fort Mackinac...
Fort Brady.......
Fort Wilkins.
Fort Winnebago..
Fort Crawford
Fort Atkinson
Fort Snelling.....
Fort Des Moines..
Fort Leavenworth
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
Range.
?. R.	9 A. M.	8 P. M.
52.53	58.60	59.36
40.30	56.10	63.46
50.80	58.04	65.92
54.00	65.30	71.80
58.70	69.20	72.40
57.30	66.70	71.90
54.40	63.86	70.60
57.50	66.43	73.70
64.13	68.50	72.83
53.93
53.7]
52.35
61.76
64.19
60.50
61.70
61.90
69.53
54.10
53.39
56.78
63.21
66.12
64.10
62.64
64.88
68.75
Max.	Min.	Above mean.
70	42	15.9
73	32	19.6
85	38	28.2
80	37	16.7
82	41	15.8
84	44	19.9
83	41	20.3
90	42	25.1
88	54	19.2
Below
mean.
12.1
21.3
18.7
26.2
25.1
20.1
21.6
22.8
14.7
No. of Observations
N.		N.	E.	E.
11	19	22	37	7
7	7	4	4	14
2	3	3	3	7
13	28	7	13	10
9	11	11	18	10
13	25	6	16	16
29	57	24	51	10
15	11	10	10	29
7	14	38	82	7
 
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84
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER,
MONTH  OF  JULY, 1844.
STATIONS.
Fort Kent............
Hancock Barracks
Fort Sullivan.........
Fort Preble...........
Fort Constitution.....
Watertown Arsenal ...
Fort Adams..........
Fort Trumbull........
Fort Columbus.......
Fort Hamilton........
West Point..........
Watervliet Arsenal  ...
Plattsburg Barracks...
Madison Barracks......
Fort Ontario.........
Fort Niagara.........
Buffalo Barracks......
Alleghany Arsenal...,
Carlisle Barracks.....
Fort Mifflin..........
Fort McHenry......,
Fort Severn..........
Fort Monroe........,
Fort Macon.........,
Fort Johnston........,
Augusta Arsenal.....,
Fort Moultrie........
Oglethorpe Barracks .,
Fort Marion.........
Key West...........
Fort Brooke..........
Camp Barrancas......
Mt. Vernon Arsenal...
Fort Pike............
Fort Wood...........
Pass Christian.........
Baton Rouge.........
Fort Jesup...........
Camp Salubrity.......
Fort Towson.........
Fort Washita........
Fort Smith...........
Fort Gibson..........
Fort Scott............
Jefferson Barracks ....
St. Louis Arsenal.....
Detroit Barracks......
THERMOMETER.
Mimii Temperature.
.48
,22
,61
.00
,19
.35
.19
,54
,87
,09
.19
.16
.96
.64
.50
.35
.16
.38
.00
.54
.50
.12
.35
.40
.30
.93
.08
.55
.39
.29
.48
.41
.20
.64
.19
.41
.10
.06
.45
.61
.03
.09
.10
67
70
29
25
3 P. M.   9 P. M.
62.12
62.54
61.61
66.00
66.09
67.87
74.41
69.83
77.60
68.74
71.22
69.81
66.06
67.80
68.00
68.93
71.29
72.12
76.12
75.87
76.60
78.54
77.61
79.00
86.13
81.74
84.30
84.32
85.45
85.70
80.83
86.51
84.96
87.90
87.56
82.58
84.2G
83.48
90.45
82.87
83.93
84.67
79.68
81.16
77.25
81.41
76.03
68.58
68.51
65.91
69.00
71.03
78.29
76.21
79.06
81.19
76.36
77.74
76.97
76.48
73.77
78.5!}
72.00
76.25
84.12
82.61
83.74
81.19
82.35
83.48
79.90
87.14
88.77
85.48
89.22
84.16
87.58
85.58
87.41
9 J. 00
90.29
90.15
87.29
89.80
90.80
93.43
93.00
89.06
89.35
86.26
86.70
80.58 I
91.03 j
7". 13
56.16
59.38
56.64
60.00
62.93
66.16
67.19
63.35
71.51
73.36
69.32
64.74
62.70
65.38
65.30
65.51
67.61
70.87
76.33
71.97
76.15
77.96
78.25
79.12
79.26
81.54
82.41
78.87
78.84
81.00
79.64
81.22
78.51
81.41
82.13
82.41
78.22
82.45
82.68
81.73
82.56
78.41
78.91
78.54
76.80
80.80
68.51
59.08
60.66
59.19
63.00
64.56
67.92
71.00
68.44
74.51
71.39
71.37
68.17
66.30
66.90
68.57
67.20
69.33
73.12
77.01
74.53
77.36
77.99
78.67
78.85
82.46
81.49
83.29
81.74
80.96
83.64
80.63
83.64
81.17
85.06
84.26
82.92
81.84
83.20
85.75
82.80
82.99
81.13
79.99
80.27
77.58
81.63
70.73
79
82
84
87
 90
 86
 85
 86
 86
 83
 88
 82
 85
 92
 90
 92
 94
 93
 93
 83
 93
 95
 94
 98
 88
 93
 90
 92
 98
 98
 98
 97
 93
100
 98
 97
101
 98
 91
 96
 86
 98
 86
40
43
42
46
49
42
60
49
59
60
58
47
47
48
43
50
46
54
64
56
55
66
71
70
71
70
74
70
72
76
70
74
70
74
74
74
70
72
73
68
70
68
70
63
69
62
51
r,,
Above
mean.
18.9
18.3
22.8
24.0
22.4
19.1
17.0
17.6
15.5
14.6
13.4
17.8
19.7
16.1
19.4
14.8
15.7
18.9
13.0
17.5
16.6
15.0
14.3
 4.2
10.5
13.5
10.7
16.3
 7.0
 9.4
 9.4
 8.4
16.8
12.9
13.7
14.1
11.2
16.8
12.2
14.2
18.6
16.8
11.0
15.7
 8.4
16.4
15.3
Below
mean.
19.1
17.7
17.2
17.0
15.6
25.9
11.0
19.4
15.5
11.4
13.6
21.2
19.3
18.9
23.6
17.2
23.3
19.1
13.0
18.5
22.4
12.0
 7.7
 8.8
11.5
11.5
 9.3
11.7
 9.0
 7.6
10.6
 9.6
11.2
11.1
10.3
 8.9
11.8
11.2
12.8
14.8
12.4
13.2
10.0
17.3
 8.6
19.6
19.7
No. of Observations
11
11
11
 2
 4
 7
21
14
 8
11
18
10
 1
 1
 3
 7
 7
18
 3
 3
19
10
 2
 2
 0
 0
 3
 3
 0
 0
 0
 5
 0
 4
21
 5
12
 0
 3
 3
 0
 o
 o
 3
 7
 7
20
26 |  8
27 j  10
22
    10
    24
    20
11 . 26
 7   13
12 ]  13
43   13
28 \  19  | 53
         37
         35
12 \ 17
19
18
17
 3
    18
    5
    0
    19
2 |  18
:j.;  15
0	16
0	0
0	11
5	10
0	9
4	3
	0
6	6
17	12
o	4
3	15
         11
         33
         16
          3

          7
         20
          7
         16
 3 ! 28 !  28
 0 |  0 |   0
 0   5 18
 0 !  0 |   0
 6   5 |   9
16  13   18
14  20 j  13
50  18 i  41
 16
 19
  7
  5
  4
 30
 13
  9
 23
  4
  0
  0
  7
  2
  7
 32
 15
  8
 12
  4
 18
 16
 77
 63
 51
 28
 62
 24
 57
130
 20
  8
  1
 16
147
  9
  1
 14
  8
 12
  0
 32
  1
 18
  3 
00
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86
METEO-ROLOGICAL   REGISTER
.MONTH OF  JULY, 1844.
				THERMOMETER						
STATIONS.		Mean Temperature.				Range.				
	S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.	I
	59.64 58.83 52.10 56.77 62.91 66.50 65.60 62.74 67.93 72.66	69.87 66.61 62.18 64.38 73.35 78.14 77.60 71.45 78.77 77.19	72.67 67.74 70.12 72.03 78.90 80.00 80.40 76.41 85.38 82.25	65.09 61.38 59.83 60.03 69.26 72.13 69.96 68.70 73.77 77.80	66.82 63.64 61.06 63.30 71.10 74.19 73.39 69.82 76.46 77.47	90 75 81 90 88 91 99 87 96 89	45 45 36 44 54 57 57 55 51 61	23.2 11.4 19.9 26.7 16.9 16.8 15.6 17.2 19.5 11.5	21.8 18.6 25.1 19.3 17.1 17.2 16.4 17.8 25.5 16.5	8 23 6 4 9 11 13 11 4 1
										
Fort Wilkins..........										
										
										
										
Fort Leavenworth...,,.										
 
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88
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER
MONTH OF  AUGUST, 1844.
THERMOMETER.
WINDS.
STATIONS.
Mean Temperature.
Range.
9 A. M.   3 P. M.   9 P. M.
 Fort Kent.............
 Hancock Barracks......
 Fort Sullivan........
 Fort Preble............
 Fort Constitution......
^watertown Arsenal
 Fort Adams...........
 Fort Trumbull.........
 Fort Columbus.........
 Fort Hamilton.........
 West Point............
 Watervliet Arsenal.....
 Plattsburg Barracks....
 Madison Barracks......
 Fort Ontario..........
 Fort Niagara..........
 Buffalo Barracks.......
 Alleghany Arsenal.....
 Carlisle Barracks.......
 Fort Mifflin...........
 Fort McHenry.........
 Fort Severn...........
 Fort Monroe..........
 Fort Macon...........
 Fort Johnston.........
 Augusta Arsenal.......
 Fort Moultrie..........
 Oglethorpe Barracks ...
 Fort Marion...........
 Key "West............
 Fort Brooke...........
 Camp Barrancas.......
 Mount Vernon Arsenal.
 Fort Pike.............
 Fort Wood............
 Pass Christian.........
 Baton Rouge..........
 Fort Jesup...........
 Camp  Salubrity........
 Fort Towson..........
 Fort Washita..........
 Fort Smith............
 Fort Gibson...........
 Fort Scott.............
 Jefferson Barracks.....
 St. Louis Arsenal......
 Detroit Barracks.......
50.96
54.06
54.06
57.00
58.03
58.54
65.93
61.83
67.00
66.09
63.00
64.71
57.70
61.35
60.60
60.32
59.48
61.41
68.29
63.87
69.25
70.77
73.45
75.61
73.23
71.12
'8.5
ri.5
 4.7
JO.2
'6.1
75.41
71.20
76.45
75.52
75.83
72.64
72.60
73.51
71.70
73.03
67.54
71.26
65.18
69.77
65.00
59.06
78.56	82.58
71.58	81.77
74.71	82.68
80.22	86.32
76.16	78.35
61.90
63.35
62.09
65.00
65.35
70.93
73.45
68.93
73.20
71.19
70.09
72.03
66.25
67.90
67.10
66.51
70.12
69.67
72.12
74.45
74.80
75.38
76.41
77.74
81.20
79.93
82.58
81.77
32.68
36.32
78.35
84.25
80.32
84.80
85.13
82.87
82.90
81.32
75.10
79.32
81.55
78.67
75.15
74.00
74.06
73.93
70.16
69.45
69.42
67.38
69.00
70.12
76.70
76.70
76.25
80.64
77.77
75.96
81.84
73.64
71.51
71.20
70.35
75.61
78.22
78.51
81.91
79.16
80.61
81.93
79.80
84.20
87.19
84.25
87.74
82.18
88.74
82.16
85.22
86.42
87.67
87.27
87.58
87.16
90.03
92.00
92.00
94.48
86.74
86.07
84.64
78.16
66.09 I
73.16
56.41
60.19
58.74
60.00
61.67
63.96
63.35
66.61
70.90
72.22
66.90
68.90
62.03
63.83
65.00
64.03
61.67
66.57
73.48
69.97
73.18
75.06
76.74
76.90
78.30
79.45
80.74
78.22
77.74
80.48
78.03
78.12
74.70
80.25
80.20
80.93
78.25
79.83
81.74
80.00
81.09
74.32
77.12
72.16
73.12
74.35
64.29 '
59.68
61.75
60.57
62.75
63.79
67.53
71.11
68.40
72.93
71.82
68.99
71.87
64.90
66.15
65.82
65.30
66.72
68.97
73.10
72.55
74.10
75.45
74.13
77.51
79.18
79.42
81.53
79.83
79.33
83.94
78.67
80.75
78.16
82.29
82.03
81.80
80.24
80.94
80.59
80.75
82.54
76.82
77.40
74.24
73.78
74.84
66.67
 78
 79
 82
 81
 81
 90
 83
 85
 89
 86
 86
 88
 86
 84
 84
 79
 87
 89
 87
 92
 89
 91
 94
 84
 88
 96
 89
 95
 88
 94
 87
 90
 96
 93
 96
 94
 93
 99
 99
101
102
 95
 94
 95
 85
 98
 82
Above
mean.
37
41
51
50
52
48
58
53
60
60
53
47
41
46
52
50
48
52
58
53
55
58
63
68
59
58
66
59
65
75
55
58
57
66
69
64
66
64
68
60
66
55
58
50
55
48
50
18.3
17.2
21.4
18.2
17.2
22.5
11.9
16.6
16.1
14.2
17.0
16.1
21.1
17.8
18.2
13.7
20.3
20.0
13.9
19.4
14.9
15.5
19.9
 6.5
 8.8
16.6
 7.5
15.2
 8.7
10.1
 8.3
 9.2
17.8
10.7
14.0
13.2
12.8
18.1
18.4
20.2
19.5
18.2
16.6
20.8
11.2
13.2
15.3
Below
mean,
22.7
20.8
 9.6
12.8
11.8
19.5
13.1
15.4
12.9
11.8
16.0
24.9
23.9
20.2
13.8
15.3
18.7
17.0
15.1
19.6
19.1
17.5
11.1
 9.5
20.2
21.4
15.5
20.8
14.3
 8.9
23.7
22.8
21.2
16.3
13.0
17.8
14.2
16.9
12.6
20.8
16.5
21.8
19.4
24.2
18.8
16.8
16.7
No. of Observations
17
16
 7
11
 6
 4
10
12
 4
 6
 3
 1
 2
 1
 5
12
 5
11
 4
 1
19
12
12
 5
 4
 3
 9
30
 6
 4
 0
 7
 0
 5
31
 2
 0
 0
 9
18
 2
 0
 0
22
 8
24
 9
26
38
10
38
16
 6
27
31
 4
18
 5
 1
 2
 o
15
35
10
13
 5
 1
37
36
 3
 9
 6
 5
19
38
11
 5
 0
17
 0
•8
36
 2
 0
 0
 9
19
 4
 0
 0
36
17
25
19
10
 6
 5
 4
13
16
12
16
16
33
 2
 0
13
 8
15
21
 3
 3
 0
18
 6
 5
12
11
14
 8
14
 5
22
 3
26
17
46
15
 0
 7
14
 0
18
27
 1
 4
15
11
18
10
13
 8
12
29
24
25
41
23
67
 4
 0
21
22
27
66
 5
 6
 0
35
11
17
27
31
34
10
35
 7
53
 8
30
43
79
27
 0
 8
33
 0
18
39
 3
10
25
14
27
 8
14
 3
13
17
 4
 5
 8
 4
 6
 7
 9
 2
 0
 0
 2
 3
 1
 4
 4'
12
 3
 5
 2
27
10
25
14
34
33
20
40
 9
 5
 5
20
31
12
57
 5
 7
22
 5
24
13
 7
  1
 8
  1
  3
 35
 18
 12
  5
 15
  4
 13
 13
 17
  4
  0
  0
  3
  3
  2
  7
  5
 13
  7
 14
  4
 62
 30
 67
 27
 78
 47
 37
 91
 11
 15
  8
 51
 37
 17
112
 10
  7
 23
  8
 42
 22
 13
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90
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF AUGUST, 1844.
				THERMOMETER								WINDS.			
STATIONS.	Mean Temperature.					Range.				No. of Observations					
	S. R.	9 A. M.	8 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.	N.		N. E.		E.	
	58.00 57.61 54.40 57.70 58.48 62.40 60.49 57.25 62.19 69.14	67.03 65.70 60.90 64.19 68.09 74.20 69.70 69.29 73.09 73.16	73.22 67.32 66.60 69.80 74.74 75.22 75.33 72.22 80.16 79.24	62.77 59.93 58.80 60.70 64.41 68.20 64.09 63.67 71.02 74.11	65.25 62.64 60.17 63.10 66.43 70.00 67.40 65.61 71.61 73.91	85 80 80 84 87 88 91 85 92 91	46 50 44 48 47 50 50 44 42 54	19.7 17.4 19.8 20.9 20.6 18.0 13.6 19.4 20.4 17.1	19.3 12.6 16.2 15.1 19.4 20.0 17.4 21.6 29.6 19.9	7 6 6 3 5 0 18 7 27 5	26 12 12 11 15 0 25 11 34 6	28 5 1 7 0 10 6 6 1 19	92 14 3 11 0 12 13 7 1 34	5 11 13 3 5 3 1 2 9 12	11 38 14 3 18 3 1 2 8 19
															
															
Fort Wilkins..........															
															
															
															
															
 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
91
MONTH OF AUGUST, 1844.
WINDS.										WEATHER.							RAIN AND SNOW.			
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		eg 43 a 5 a	REMARKS.
S. E.		S.		S.W.		W.		N. W.		S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P.M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	'3	>> •a 0 o 3	.2	i-o a ul		
28 6 30 8 7 25 18 21 3 13	84 14 63 24 21 32 24 31 5 26	9 13 5 31 6 8 17 18 25 37	21 30 2 89 22 11 30 19 36 111	25 34 13 32 15 15 14 34 9 11	69 95 29 110 31 19 32 35 20 34	5 55 34 10 14 2 4 14 35 8	13 112 95 25 52 5 9 24 43 7	17 14 22 28 25 61 46 22 15 22	50 42 54 82 84 82 72 29 24 42	3.87 5.19 3.70 3.09 4.96 4.40 4.93 4.67 5.00 3.27	4.25 5.03 3.38 3.77 4.80 4.00 4.38 6.16 5.61 5.80	4.03 5.48 3.77 4.64 4.22 4.28 4.56 6.25 8.58 6.70	5.64 6.03 4.64 5.00 5.77 6.50 7.29 5.32 5.09 7.20	4.44 5.43 4.90 4.12 4.94 4.79 5.29 5.60 5.32 5.74	12 16 8 13 15 18 18 22 20 21	19 15 23 18 16 13 13 9 11 10	14 11 18 11 13 14 9 8 5 10	0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0	4.99 4.98 5.16 6.06 5.09 4.37 4.80	
 
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94                            METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF SEPTEMBER, 1844.
	THERMOMETER.									WINDS.					
BTATIONS.	Mean Temperature.					Range.				No. of Observations					
	S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.	N.		S. E.		E.	
Fort Gratiot...........	52.09 52.06 47.60 50.43 50.86 53.14 50.70 47.60 50.46 58.16	61.83 57.56 53.50 58.30 60.66 61.18 60.36 57.63 60.60 62.23	70.53 59.00 61.00 62.40 68.93 68.12 66.56 63.30 69.13 69.50	57.26 53.46 51.30 52.16 55.96 59.29 55.83 53.76 57.26 63.86	60.43 55.52 53.35 55.82 59.10 60.43 58.36 55.57 59.36 63.44	86 76 81 80 87 86 90 81 86 87	39 36 31 34 31 36 31 33 30 40	25.6 20.5 27.6 24.2 27.9 25.6 31.6 25.4 26.6 23.6	21.4 19.5 22.4 21.8 28.1 24.4 27.4 22.6 29.4 23.4	3 24 10 14 12 2 25 2 20 28	11 63 19 60 24 5 34 5 29 41	25 14 11 12 1 11 8 8 0 14	85 35 26 30 2 16 12 11 0 19	10 3 27 3 3 2 1 4 18 6	23 4 39 4 8 2 1 9 18 4
															
Fort "Wilkins..........															
															
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96
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF OCTOBER,  1844.
STATIONS.
Fort Kent..........
Hancock Barracks ..
Fort Sullivan.......
Fort Preble.........
Fort Constitution ...
Watertown  Arsenal.
Fort Adams........
Fort Trumbull......
Fort Columbus.....
Fort Hamilton......
West Point.........
Watervliet Arsenal..
Plattsburg Barracks .
Madison Barracks......   40.45
Fort Ontario..........   41.40
Fort Niagara..........   42.06
Buffalo Barracks.......   39.41
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
S. R.
34.41
37.48
44.29
43.00
44.48
41.45
50.06
45.71
50.06
49.26
46.82
39.55
38.09
9 A. M.   8 P. M
Fort Mifflin...........	41.48 50.09 46.90
	48.90 52.35
	57.51
Fort Macon...........	60.20
	56.17
Augusta Arsenal....... Fort Moultrie.........	56.58 63.29
Oglethorpe Barracks...	55.55 65.87
Key West.............	75.64
	67.12
Mount Vernon Arsenal. Fort Pike.............	59.22 56.00 60.70
Fort Wood............	62.00
	61.64
	56.24
^..........	52.93
	56.00 51.09
	53.64
	46.45
	50.65
Fort Scott.............	42.77
	47.45 41.93 39.43
 39.45
 42.41
 50.64
 47.50
 48.09
 49.09
 54.00
 49.64
 53.35
 52.00
 49.44
 46.19
 43.32
 45.35
 46.10
 46.74
 46.77
 46.35
 53.25
 53.32
 51.28
 55.96
 60.19
 61.24
 64.70
 68.06
 66.11
 65.38
 73.61
 81.09
 71.77
 72.90
 60.76
 68.06
 69.40
 69.32
 67.31
 57.87
 66.00
 58.39
 59.06
 56.77
 55.51
 52.16
52.14
50.22
51.19
9 P. M.
 47.29
 49.32
 53.83
 52.30
 54.12
 56.74
 57.54
 56.35
 59.06
 58.26
 54.72
 55.65
 50.00
 49.83
 43.50
 49.48
 52.12
 55.12
 59.19
 59.22
 58.25
 60.41
 64.71
 64.16
 71.29
 70.51
 69.80
 72.77
 74.16
 81.83
 77.61
 75.22
 71.84
 73.35
 75.20
 75.96
 77.30
 70.74
 74.00
 70.77
 68.90
 68.32
 68.40
 61.54
58.90
 61.19
54.61
 38.12
 41.77
 47.58
 46.20
 48.03
 46.32
 52.93
 49.03
 51.60
 52.87
 48.27
 45.45
 40.16
 43.12
 43.00
 45.19
 43.54
 45.64
 54.93
 50.22
 53.10
 54.93
 59.84
 62.30
 62.30
 60.61
 67.19
 62.58
 70.03
 76.64
 72.45
 67.70
 62.00
 66.16
 66.20
 66.87
 64.29
 62.19
 65.00
 58.32
 60.97
 53.25
57.10
50.90
52.65
50.83
43.87
 39.82
 42.74
 49.08
 47.25
 48.68
 48.40
 53.63
 50.18
 53.52
 53.10
 49.81
 46.71
 42.89
 44.69
 45.00
 45.84
 45.46
 47.15
 54.36
 52.41
 52.88
 55.91
 60.56
 61.97
 63.61
 63.94
 66.60
 64.07
 70.92
 78.80
 72.24
 68.76
 62.65
 67.07
 68.20
 68.45
 66.28
 60.93
 65.25
 59.64
 60.64
56.20
57.91
51.84
52.78
51.04
47.27
Range.
Max.   Min.
Above
mean.
Below
mean.
 59
 62
 66
 67
 71
 72
 68
 68
 73
 68
 72
 68
 68
 66
 68
 64
 68
 69
 72
 72
 69
 68
 74
 73
 79
 80
 79
 82
 82
 86
 82
 84
 82
 84
 84
 85
 85
 88
 86
86
86
82
86
81
72
78
 21
 24
 33
 32
 33
 26
 39
 33
 36
 37
 33
 32
 19
 24
 30
 28
 24
 26
 38
 34
 38
 39
 41
 45
 35
 36
 45
 32
 43
 66
 45
 40
 39
 42
 46
 53
 40
 35
 39
 28
 32
 30
 27
 26
 29
22
 18
  19.2
  19.3
  16.9
  19.7
  22.3
  23.6
  14.4
  17.8
  19.5
  14.9
 22.2
 21.3
 25.1
 21.3
 23.0
 18.2
 22.5
 21.8
 17.6
 19.6
 16.1
 12.1
 13.4
 11.0
 15.4
 16.1
 12.4
 17.9
 11.1
  7.2
  9.8
 15.2
 19.3
 16.9
 15.8
 16.5
 18.7
28.1
20.7
26.4
25.4
25.8
28.1
29.2
19.2
26.0
24.7 
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98
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
MONTH OF OCTOBER, 1844.
THERMOMETER.
Fort Gratiot ....
Fort Mackinac .  .
Fort Brady......
Fort Wilkins....
Fort Winnebago.
Fort Crawford
Fort Atkinson. ..
Fort Snelling___
Fort Des Moines.,
Fort Leavenworth
39.45
40.61
34.83
37.16
34.84
38.19
35.87
34.80
36.51
45.09
Mean Temperature.
9 A. M   3 P. M
45.45
43.64
40.48
44.48
43.71
49.30
43.87
41.03
44.45
49.38
54.19
47.48
45.41
46.51
52.45
54.30
52.06
49.64
58.45
59.38
9 P. M.
43.16
42.12
38.70
38.41
43.77
45.19
41.22
40.35
44.03
53.00
45.56
43.46
39.85
41.64
43.69
46.74
43.25
41.45
45.86
51.46
Range.
73
62
60
67
75
73
73
71
76
79
Above
mean.
24
17
14
21
15
18
19
22
22
29 
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METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH  OF  NOVEMBER, 1844.
STATIONS.
S. R.
Fort Mackinac.........'   33.60
Fort Brady............   27.50
Fort Wilkins..........j   28.20
Fort Winnebago.......   28.53
Fort Crawford.........   30.14
Fort Atkinson.........   28.93
FortSnelling..........   24.80
Fort Des Moines.......   29.00
Fort Leavenworth .....   33.06
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
9 A. M.   8 P. M. i  9 P. M.    Mean
34.63
29.80
30.73
31.76
38.80
31.90
26.00
35.13
36.43
36.40
32.30
31.30
36.90
40.12
36.86
34.03
43.73
44.93
34.63
29.70
27.93
31.26
34.10
31.13
27.56
34.93
39.16
34.81
29.82
29.54
32.11
35.79
32.23
28.10
35.70
38.39
Range.
48
47
52
60
65
58
59
68
73
  6
- 1
  9
  0
  2
- 1
- 4
 10
 15
Above
mean.
13.2
17.2
22.5
27.9
29.2
25.8
20.9
32.3
34.6
Below
mean.
28.8
30.8
20.5
32.1
33.8
33.2
32.1
25.7
23.4
No. of Observationa
9	40	7
11	19	25
20	38	3
5	13	3
16	17	1
13	28	5
6	6	5
7	9	21
14	30	11
 
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106
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER
STATIONS.
Fort, Brady.......
Fort Wilkins.....
Fort Winnebago..
Fort Crawford....
Fort Atkinson
Fort Snelling.....
Fort Des Moines..
Fort Leavenworth
MONTH  OF  DECEMBER,  1844.
THERMOMETER.
18.32
20.93
15.90
15.29
14.54
13.06
20.83
27.22
Mean Temperatui-e.
A. M.   3 P. M.
20.29
22.45
19.80
18.22
18.03
15.12
25.35
30.06
23.61
25.09
27.12
27.20
24.87
23.29
35.93
39.70
9 P. M.
21.45
22.22
20.67
21.17
17.61
16.74
25.51
31.73
Mean.
20.91
22.67
20.87
20.47
18.76
17.05
26.90
32.18
34
42
45
44
39
42
48
58
Range.
Above     Below
mean.     mean.
13.0
19.3
24.1
23.5
20.2
25.0
21.0
25.8
23.0
16.7
25.9
27.5
22.8
25.0
31.0
21.2
WINDS.
No. of Observations
N.		N.	E.	E.	
16	44	9	21	24	63
10	36	7	20	2	4
6	24	6	24	3	9
11	14	18	18	0	0
37	114	7	20	6	18
6	19	8	17	7	8
25	50	4	5	36	38
2	2	7	9	1	2
 
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©
 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
109
MONTHLY, AND EXTREMES OF  TEMPERATURE FOR 1844.
	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year. Max.		Min.	Above	Below	LOCALITY	*
											mean.	mean.		
	39.82	26.59	10.70		59.65	39.96			90 -	-16			Maine.	
	42.74	28.72	17.50	38.72	60.93	42.31	14.01	38.99	86 -	-22	47.0	61.0	Maine.	
	49.08	36.89	27.16	43.07	59.26	48.24	22.98	43.39	82 -	-10	38.6	53.4	Maine.	
	47.25	35.90	26.25	41.76	62.17	47.05	20.81	42.95	84 -	-13	41.0	56.0	Maine.	
	48.68	38.26	29.46	44.32	63.42	48.89	34.21	47.71	88 -	- 6	40.3	53.7	New Hampshire.	
	48.40	36.30		46.99	66.45	48.13	......	......	92 -	- 8			Massachusetts.	
	53.63	42.73	34.20	46.92	69.64	53.28	29.00	49.71	88	3	38.3	46.7	Rhode Island.	
	50.18	39.59	29.20	47.03	66.93	50.41	25.78	47.54	90	- 3	42.5	50.5	Connecticut.	
	53.52	43.33	33.97	51.88	72.23	54.21	29.82	52.03	92	3	40.0	49.0	New York.	
	53.10	43.42	34.00	50.35	70.03	54.20	30.04	51.15	86	0	34.8	51.2	New York.	
	49.81	39.27	30.06	50.24	£9.26	50.49	25.06	48.76	88	— 4	39.2	52.8	New York.	
	46.71	35.31	30.52	49.82	68.39	47.95	22.90	47.26	89	-22	41.7	69.3	New York.	
	42.89	29.19	18.95	44.36	64.07	43.55	16.32	42.07	87	—18	44.9	60.1	New York.	•
	44.69	33.79	25.00	45.18	65.06	46.37	19.91	44.13	86	— 6	41.9	50.1	New York.	
	45.00	35.85	27.60	46.86	65.37	47.31	23.32	45.71	88	— 7	42.3	52.7	New York.	
	45.84	38.40	31.74	46.43	64.72	48.53	27.54	46.80	82	2	35.2	44.8	New York.	
	45.46	36.78	30.09	46.85	67.12	47.86	26.62	47.11	87	1	39.9	46.1	New York.	
	47.15	38.59	31.88	54.26	70.09	49.31	29.57	50.81	92	0	41.2	50.8	Pennsylvania.	
	54.36	41.61	32.93	55.31	73.40	54.21	29.75	53.17	90	0	36.8	53.2	Pennsylvania.	
	52.41	42.59	33.55	54.28	72.35	53.51	31.29	52.86	92	6	39.1	46.9	Pennsylvania.	
	52.88	41.08	33.25	54.76	73.60	53.53	31.52	53.35	94	5	40.6	48.4	Maryland.	
	55.91	46.34	37.46	56.08	75.16	57.11	33.55	55.47	93	8	37.5	47.5	Maryland.	
	60.56	52.46	41.84	60.10	75.90	61.55	38.28	58.96	95	13	36.0	46.0	Virginia.	
	61.97	......	• •>•••	61.84	76.83				84	19		--	North Carolina.	
	63.61	59.77	48.50	65.29	79.80	66.24	45.92	64.31	93	20	28.7	44.3	North Carolina.	
	63.94	57.14	48.42	67.56	79.32	65.17	48.13	65.04	96	16	31.0	49.0	Geiifrgia.	
	66.60	61.92	52.76	67.02	81.56	67.89	51.42	67.00	94	24	27.0	43.0	South Carolina.	
	64.07	60.00	49.18	68.25	80.48	66.16	50.37	66.31	98	22	31.7	44.3	Georgia.	
	70.92	67.33	56.03	68.49	79.34	71.73	56.75	69.08	88	25	18.9	44.1	Florida.	
	78.80	77.29	69.23	74.96	82.97	79.86	......	......	94	51	--		Florida.	
	72.24	69.64	58.10	74.03	78.65	73.08	59.77	71.38	90	32	18.6	29.4	Florida.	
	68.76	63.11	52.43	69.65	81.61	69.94	55.37	69.14	92	28	22.9	4.11	Florida.	
	62.65	57.07	47.40		79.25	64.56	......	......	98	24	--	--	Alabama.	
	68.45								97		--	--	Mississippi.	
	67.07	59.60	52.66	71.60	82.94	68.33	55.47	69.58	98	28	24.4	4.16	Louisiana.	
	68.20	61.81 65.02	53.42 57.18	71.22 71.51	82.63	69.69	56.46 58.33	70.00	98	30 33	28.0	40.0	Louisiana. Louisiana.	
	66.28	63.43	50.94	70.26	80.28	68.37	55.93	68.71	93	27	24.3	41.7	Louisiana.	
	60.93	56.54	48.43	68.25	81.11	63.72	51.71	66.20 100		19	33.8	47.2	Louisiana.	
	65.25	57.75	49.75	......	......	66.17	......	......	99	24	--	....	Near Nachitoches,	Louisiana.
	59.64	53.16	42.33	64.21	80.49	61.59	45.32	62.90	101	16	38.1	46.9	Indian Territory.	
	60.64	54.99	45.91	65.04	80.69	62.28	47.36	63.84	102	21	38.2	42.8	Indian Territory.	
	56.20	48.65	37.94	61.95	78.22	57.64	40.65	59.61	98	12	38.4	47.6	;ftfc\rkansas.	
	57.91	50.41	41.73	62.21	77.72	59.00	43.24	60.54	94	11	33.5	49.5	Indian Territory.	
	51.84	42.00	35.25	57.66	75.53	52.23	.34.17	54.90	96	8	41.1	46.9	Missouri.	
	52.78	44.05	36.52	57.38	77.78	53.94	35.19	56.07	86	10	29.9	46.1	Missouri.	
	51.04	44.45	36.43	57.74	77.25	54.08	34.81	55.97	98	8	42.0	48.0	Missouri.	
	47.27	38.11	30.03	49.32	67.13	49.21	27.61	48.32	86	12	37.7	36.3	Michigan.	
				*Se	; summar	y for 184:	! for prec	se localit	y of	other t	lan nev	ir posts.		
 
110                         METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
POSITION OF STATIONS, MEAN TEMPERATURES
STATIONS.	Lat.	Long.	Altitude above sea.	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	Aug.	Sept.
	O ' 42 55 45 51 46 30 47 30 43 31 43 05 43 00 44 53 41 32 39 18	O ' 82 23 84 38 84 43 88 00 89 28 91 00 9] 00 93 10 93 38 94 55	Feet. 598 728 600 620 770? 642 700? 820 780? 896	22.57 16.23 10.51 16.57 17.25 14.32 9.41 21.08 25.88	28.82 23.61 20.42 24.47 24.70 23.61 22.33 33 97 33.66	33.62 26.29 23.77 35.02 37.68 35.01 32.94 38.88 40.19	53.40 42.42 42.67 55.17 57.24 55.39 51.45 59.24 63.46	58.18 48.80 47.95 60.68 57.32 55.08 59.33 62.04	60.97 54.10 53.39 56.78 63.21 66.12 64.10 62.64 64.88 68.75	66.82 63.64 61.06 63.30 71.10 74.19 73.39 69.82 76.46 77.47	65.25 62.64 60.17 63.10 66.43 70.00 67.40 65.61 71.61 73.91	60.43 55.52 53.35 55.82 59.10 60.43 58.36 55.57 59.36 63.44
Fort Leavenworth...,												
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112
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTHLY SUMMARIES OF AMOUNT OF RAIN, 1844.
STATIONS.	Jan.	Feb.	Mar.	April.	May.	June. •	July.	Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring. Summer, j Autumn,			iVinter.	Year.
Fort Kent......................		0.79 1.65 0.75 1.43 1.64 1.24 1.81 1.03 0.93 3.10 0.54 0.85 0.19 0.53 0.64 0.93 2.00 1.45 0.94 1.50 3.50 1.50 1.69 1.10 1.00 1.23 3.30 0.91 0.80 0.41 0.73	1.66 2.75 3.59 3.60 4.7S 3.17 6.01 4.50 4.33 4.20 2.44 1.91 1.54 1.52 3.06 8.04* 6.00 4.15 3.00 3.55 4.50 3.25 4.00 4.07 8.77 4.71 0.13 i.eo 7.7S 3.50 3.4S 3.90 3.10 5.30 4.56 4.35 2.41 1.91 3.73 2.50	1.57 0.70 0.34 0.35 0.38 1.49 1.19 0.55 0.52 0.50 2.61 1.79 1.40 0.84 1.55 1.79 4.23 2.15 1.60 1.08 1.41 1.30 0.70 1.20 3.07 1.26 0.05 0.10 1.98 0.86 0.39 0.53 0.50 6.60 10.38 5.05 14.28 9.62 6.91 3.13	2.87 3.65 3.74 2.75 8.67 5.21 3.47 3.41 2.80 5.10 5.40 3.37 3.74 2.74 5.05 4.89 6.40 3.82 4.00 4.69 2.92 2.43 1.57 0.57 1.87 2.47 2.97 1.36 5.50 5.52 5.92 9.52 5.31 3.16 3.30 3.05 3.25 4.59 3.12 8.46	2.73 0.82 3.34 1.45 1.69 1.77 1.94 2.37 2.32 3.45 4.41 3.74 8.20 2.59 3.50 4.02 8.49 4.90 1.70 3.91 4.85 3.05 3.28 1.41 1.51 8.19 2.18 7.13 4.70 5.11 9.38 1.18 1.89 2.75 3.50 5.11 2.66 4.43 1.10 3.15	3.55 5.34 1.76 1.36 2.79 5.78 3.81 6.00 4.87 7.90 4.78 3.78 1.42 2.28 4.77 2.44 7.41 4.20 3.90 2.96 3.58 4.10 8.43 1.24 4.85 13.92 3.27 1.26 7.70 7.67 5.03 5.76 4.28 7.99 3.70 1.77 5.35 2.76 1.37 0.61 10.50 5.23 8.10	1.80 4.48 2.27 2.23 3.30 4.72 2.72 2.73 1.72 5.28 6.46 3.80 6.50 2.26 5.34 4.47 5.11 2.80 0.31 1.67 5.00 3.55 7.90 0.53 4.32 4.10 2.68 2.63 15.77 6.59 8.29 3.31 8.11 4.61 5.60 2.24 7.96 1.67 0.52 1.98 2.51 0.71 1.47	1.36 1.85 2.35 1.76 2.57 4.72 5.25 2.40 4.50 4.30 3.50 3.35 0.41 0.54 0.26 0.22 2.57 4.35 4.30 4.47 6 47 4.76 11.25 9.86 *2.34 6.05 6.08 7.13 8.50 3.50 2.61 0.98 1.61 1.50 0.22 1.10 2.83 1.30 2.25 2.08 0.76 3.33 1.80 0.03	4.41 4.62 2.54 4.66 4.54 5.86 8.30 5.39 4.08 3.78 4.92 4.53 3.52 4.89 1.47 3.90 2.85 6.03 6.00 3.03 4.28 2.25 2.55 2.42 0.27 0.91 0.57 0.49 14.07 2.20 1.99 2.90 3.30 4.06 1.S4 3.60 2.81 2.77 3.80 2.01 3.28 2.49 1.06 2.08	3.86 3.13 4.25 2.92 2.99 3.05 3.31 3.40 1.73 2.05 1.05 2.40 1.62 1.02 0.94 2.16 1.85 3.99 4.00 1.85 3.62 3.74 4.04 1.88 3.40 2.78 0.73 0.44 3.10 11.57 10.57 7.14 10.68 7.78 7.06 3.87 1.73 2.29 0.91 0.87 1.52 0.41 0.50	3.86 3.43 7.06 4.10 5.55 2.98-2.23 2.82 2.05 4.12 1.52 1.70 3.71 1.63 2.20 1.50 2.50 2.90 3.50 3.37 3.77 2.95 1.76 1.45 2.90 1.55 1.28 2.90 2.09 2.54 3.25 1.88 1.85 2.20 2.54 1.05 0.17 0.30 0.08 0.78 1.19 2.33	6.10 7.10 7.67 6.70 8.83 . 9.87 10.67 8.46 7.65 9.80 10.45 7.07 6.6S 5.10 9.66 9.72 16.68 10.12 8.60 9.32 8.83 6.98 6.27 7.14 14.31 8.94 1.54 7.40 15.28 13.88 9.18 7.59 6.90 14.95 18.19 13.99 19.81 19.99 25.48 12.90 19.62	8.08 10.64 7.37 5.04 7.78 12.27 8.47 11.10 8.91 16.63 15.65 11.32 16.12 7.13 13.61 10.93 20.91 11.90 5.91 8.54 13.43 10.70 19.61 3.18 10.68 26.21 8.13 11.02 28.17 19.37 22.70 10.25 14.28 *15.35 12.80 9.12 15.97 8.86 2.99 5.77 25.65 11.84 17.11	9.64 9 60 9.14 9.84 9.00 18.63 16.86 11.19 10.31 10.13 9.47 10.28 5.55 6.45 2.67 6.28 7.27 14.37 14.80 9.35 14.37 10.75 16.32 4.49 10.36 9.43 8.35 23.01 8.80 16.17 14.45 12.05 16.24 *9.54 11.76 9 51 5.80 8.34 5.00 4.91 7.34 3.32 ' 3.21	7.02 10.66 8.28 9.81 *5.15 10.07 9.96 6.51 5.95 12.47 2.90 5.29 5.33 3.26 5.24 4.63 10.50 8.60 8.58 8.67 7.85 5.80 7.61 4.49 *2.51 7.30 8.76 8.08 7.14 6.49 *7.60 7.84 6.58 4.81 5.13 6.91 4.13 5.71 10.97	
	2.80 1.95 3.43 2.83 3.51 5.85 5.92 2.66 2.97 5.25 0.84 2.74 i 1.43 1.80 2.40 2.20																80.80
																	87.54
																	32.66
Fort Constitution................																	30.55 *35.39 49.07
																	40.29
																	36 38
																	32.64
West Point......................																	48.37
																	39.28
																	29.23
																	34.58
																	18.86
																	34.79
																	32.55
																	
	5.60 3.65 4.22 3.40 6.90 3.40																46.82
																	32.46
																	40.76
																	41.68
																	
																	50.05
																	
	2.66 3.61 1.94																33.98
																	57.56
																	29.91
																	*38.08
	1.10 5.76 4.03 4.85																51.67
																	59.58
																	44.26
																	46.84
																	
	4.41																*38.97
	5.40 i ....																*39.06
	4.10 8.45 1.77 1.80 0.76 2.C5 2.19 1 4.SS	1.20 2.08 2.87 3.53 6.07 1.30 2.33 3.76															41.42
																	46.54
																	36.00
																	32.98
																	37.58
					14.79 12.04 7.27 ' 5.40 11.03 7.54												62.60 33.27
St. Luiii:- Arsenal..............			3.22 5.57														51.11
 
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER
113
MONTHLY SUMMARIES OF AMOUNT OF RAIN, 1844.
STATIONS.	Jan.	Feb.	Mar.	April.	May.	June.	July.	Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Bummer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
	2.25 2.73	0.61 1.75 0.43 0.5S 0.84 0.72 1.60	2.60 2.77 1.60 1.33 1.42 0.97 8.40	3.35 0.99 8.07 3.52 3.56 5.16 3.20	5.68 5.05 2.S7 4.71 5.55 4.50 8.53	5.18 8.95 4.26 4.07 7.01 5.88 1.C4 7.66 12,00	4.49 8.63 2.24 5.40 8.81 10.14 4.80 3.52 8.08	3.27 4.99 4.98 5.16 6.06 5.09 4.37 4,80	1.03 1.38 4.81 2.73 2.46 2.85 4.26 4.18 1.60	1.85 2.68 2.18 0.73 0.76 1.81 0.97 1.00 0,40	1.84 2.43 1.45 3 50 1.56 1.42 0.86 0.77 0.32 8,62	0.95 1.39 1.19 2.49 1.75 2.38 1.11 0.58 2.25 0.39	11.68 8.81 7.60 *4.85 9.69 10.63 15,13	12.94 12.57 11.48 14.63 IS. 88 21.11 10.81 24.88	4.72 6.49 10.49 5.02 4.64 5.02 5.90 4.45 5.62	3.81 5.87 4.88 8.84 5.85 2.80 2.40	33.10
																	33.74
	1.96 1.51 2.60																84.45
																	*28.34
																	89.06
																	
	1.50																80.14
																	
	0.50																48.12
																	
Notes .—Entries marked thus ( * ) are incomplete amounts.
At Fort Mams, West Point, and Carlisle Barracks the quantities appear over measured.
Profuse rains occurred at the west in May, June,  and July,   Fort Scott, Fort Leavenworth, and St. Louis, correspond in results.
         15 
114                                METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
SUMMARY OF WEATHER
STATIONS.
WINDS.
DAYS.
Cloudy,  i  Rain.
Snow.
Hancock Barracks ...
Fort Sullivan......
Fort Preble........
Fort Constitution ..
Fort Adams.......
Fort Trumbull.....
Fort Columbus ....
Fort Hamilton ....
West Point.......
Watervliet Arsenal
Plattsburg Barracks ..
Madison Barracks...
Fort Ontario.......
Fort Niagara.......
Buffalo Barracks....
Alleghany Arsenal..
Carlisle Barracks  ...
Fort Mifflin........
Fort McHenry.....
Fort Severn........
Fort Monroe.......
Fort Johnston......
Augusta Arsenal....
Fort Moultrie......
Oglethorpe Barracks
 Fort Marion........
 Key West*.........
 Fort Brooke........
 Camp Barrancas....
 Fort Pike..........
 Fort Wood.......,
 New Orleansj......
 Baton Rouge......,
                       141
                       197
                       174
                       179
                       164
                       181
                       199
                       205
                       180
                       193
                       171
                       130
                       124
                       135
                       134
                       152
                       202
                       218
                       214
                       216
                       180
                       256
                       238
                       234
                       214
                       249
                       277
                       285
                       174
                       272
                       219
                       203
                       213
Fort Jesup..........\   222
Fort Towson......
Fort Washita......
Fort Smith........
Fort Gibson......
Fort Scott........
Jefferson Barracks .,
St. Louis Arsenal..,
Detroit Barracks
Fort Gratiot.......
Fort Mackinac
Fort Brady.........
223
229
214
203
202
212
283
142
112
141
111
225
169
192
185
202
185
167
161
186
172
195
236
240
228
232
214
164
148
152
150
186
 110
 128
 132
 152
 117
  58
  81
 192
  94
 147
 163
 153
 144
 143
 137
 152
 163
 164
 154
  83
 224
 255
 225
 255
 78
 74
 68
 67
104
119
108
 65
 98
102
 68
118
112
121
 75
 98
 79
 99
103
 86
 70
 88
 97
 83
 79
 76
114
101
 90
 86
 74
 76
 84
 66
 88
 64
 109
 90
 75
 107
 113
 66
 93
35
19
19
26
10
17
13
14
17
23
19
34
14
27
48
13
16
11
  9
15
  7
  1
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
  0
  3
  6
  3
  2
  7
 11
 10
 23
 38
 48
 57
N. E.
62
21
50
32
44
51
26
33
26
38
42
  6
12
33
33
51
17
11
53
39
12
19
15
29
64
41
41
  7
54
23
84
30
39
 24
 42
 33
  5
 20
 47
 28
 37
 51
  14
 52
 29  I
24
19
30
47
63
39
75
90
12
 2
91
78
76
45
33
49
13
73
41
25
43
76
37
51
31
65
38
99
39
 52
  2
 26
 58
 64
 59
 23
 30
 37
 35
 37
 49
 43
 76
 33
 24
32
15
 7
19
22
14
25
21
 5
 1
11
 7
14
25
15
26
74
12
29
 8
66
47
35
60
69
67
135
45
41
 64
96
 67
122
 10
 70
 21
 55
 36
 32
 21
 50
 22
 16
 28
 65
* January not observed.
   26
   39
   31-
   14
   15
   32
   45
   24
   51
    9
   53
   81
   68
   35
   17
   15
   21
   42
   35
   46
   52
   16
   39
   21
   17
   45
   39
   26
   49
   59
    1
   39
   40
   50
   75
   29
   20
   213
   26
   60
   60
    18
   83
   54
    82
At Pass
S. w.
    62
    37
    71
    75
    30
    29
    10
    22
    49
   137
    38
    30
    44
    64
    18
    17
    21
    15
    36
    76
    12
    47
    28
    46
    69
    33
    38
    64
    17
    14
    99
    33
    24
    138
    13
    163
    26
    24
    76
    54
    40
    62
    43
    25
     13
Christian
W.
   46
   99
  107
   35
   83
   69
   57
   70
   29
   34
   82
   83
   61
   62
  149
   65
   14
   94
   38
   43
   62
  103
  102
   57
   26
   46
    11
    85
    79
    66
     6
    28
    30
    48
    17
    35
    37
    17
    72
    54
    40
    70
    73
    46
    27
from July
 65
 67
 30
 66
 60
 55
 45
 49
 33
 87
 20
 10
 30
 52
 57
 73
140
 29
 85
 42
 53
 32
 51
 64
 70
 36
   16
   44
   32
   75
   24
   35
    6
   16
   31
   41
    6
   47
   56
   53
   60
   19
   69
   60
to October. 
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11G                           METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
SUMMARY OF WEATHER
	WEATHER.				WINDS.							
STATIONS.	DAYS.				DAYS.							
	Fair.	Cloudy.	Rain.	Snow.	N.	N. E.	E.	S. E.	S.	S. W.	W.	N. W.
Fort Winnebago*.... Fort Des Moines .... Fort Leavenworth ...	160 182 167 179 186 191	174 184 199 187 180 175	80 113 79 82 91 76	33 18 26 26 15 9	32 14 75 24 53 30	14 33 30 35 22 45	14 11 46 16 46 17	26 67 60 65 21 62	30 25 39 45 52 55	29 60 37 75 42 50	42 15 28 21 73 21	38 138 69 81 47 79
* No observations in May. 
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118
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF JANUARY, 1845.
STATIONS.
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
9 A. M.   3 P. M.   9 P. M
Fort Kent.............
Hancock Barracks.....
Fort Sullivan..........
Fort Preble............
Fort Constitution......
Fort Adams...........
Fort Trumbull.........
Fort Columbus.........
Fort Hamilton........
West Point...........,
Watervliet Arsenal.
Plattsburg Barracks...
Madison Barracks.....
Fort Ontario.........
Fort Niagara.........
Buffalo Barracks......
Alleghany Arsenal ....
Carlisle Barracks.....
Fort Mifflin........ ,.
Fort McHenry........
Fort Severn..........
Fort Monroe.........
Fort Johnston........
Augusta Arsenal......
Fort Moultrie.........
Oglethorpe Barracks ..
Fort Marion..........
Key West............
Fort Brooke..........
Camp Barrancas......
Mount Vernon Arsenal
Fort Pike............
Fort Wood...........
New Orleans.........
Baton Rouge.........
Fort Jesup...........
Camp Salubrity.......
Fort Towson.........
Fort Washita........
Fort Smith...........
Fort Gibson..........
 Fort Scott............
Jefferson Barracks.....
 St.  Louis Arsenal.....
 Detroit Barracks......
 Fort Gratiot..........
 Fort Mackinac........
 1.41
11.16
20.74
21.80
23.75
31.64
29.64
32.55
32.61
24.00
20.10
15.06
19.29
23.67
27.54
26.48
30.06
32.54
32.54
33.60
36.19
41.67
45.30
45.54
50.38
43.74
52.26
67.19
57.42
49.29
45.00
49.93
50.03
51.26
46.14
45.50
46.00
38.32
40.80
34.51
39.81
32.19
33.45
33.54
 26.80
26.03
 20.61
 4.61
12.84
23.03
23.00
25.25
32.25
31.25
34.29
33.48
28.93
28.19
17.16
20.03
25.77
29.00
28.12
32.22
35.12
36.09
36.40
38.25
42.74
51.15
49.67
54.58
50.80
62.13
71.29
60.00
54.25
50.00
54.51
56.29
57.97
54.23
50.20
53.00
44.38
46.45
41.61
 42.20
37.41
 36.87
 37.80
 31.40
 27.64
 22.13
16.32
23.16
27.48
27.60
30.03
34.68
35.25
38.36
39.06
32.80
31.03
23.35
25.69
28.03
31.35
31.29
38.93
39.90
41.16
42.10
44.41
50.35
57.11
58.12
58.54
63.35
65.00
74.35
67.25
61.93
60.00
61.35
62.50
63.45
66.60
61.40
62.00
58.12
58.74
56.12
57.35
51.64
 47.61
 45.41
32.90
 32.88
 25.09
 7.41
14.39
23.29
23.30
24.96
31.41
29.61
33.00
34.97
28.38
23.81
19.16
21.90
25.19
28.19
26.41
32.93
35.64
35.93
35.30
38.38
44.39
50.20
53.06
55.54
52.19
57.90
67.09
63.35
54.38
50.20
55.38
53.56
56.32
52.18
49.80
54.00
45.48
43.19
41.74
45.60
38.54
38.58
 38.00
 29.20
 27.29
 22.84
 7.44
15.39
23.63
23.67
26.00
32.49
31.44
34.55
35.03
28.53
25.78
18.68
21.73
25.66
29.02
28.07
33.53
35.80
36.43
36.85
39.31
44.79
50.94
51.40
54.78
52.52
59.32
69.98
62.00
54.96
51.30
55.29
55.59
57.25
54.79
51.72
53.75
46.57
47.29
43.49
46.24
39.94
39.13
 38.69
 30.07
 28.46
 22.67
Range.
Max.
33
43
47
44
43
45
46
48
50
45
48
38
43
41
46
44
56
52
60-
56
62
63
69
71
68
76
76
83
74
72
70
73
74
72
76
76
75
78
75
74
76
 75
 70
 62
 40
 53
 42
-34
-10
- 2
- 4
  3
 11
  8
 14
 14
  8
  2
-12
-14
- 2
 11
  4
 21
 20
 19
 20
 25
 31
 30
 32
 38
 30
 37
 56
 42
 30
 29
 38
 36
 36
 32
 26
 33
 22
 26
  18
 26
  14
  22
  19
   6
   7
— 4
Above
mean.
25.6
27.6
23.4
20.3
17.0
12.5
14.6
13.4
15.0
16.5
22.2
19.3
21.3
15.3
17.0
15.9
21.5
16.2
23.6
19.1
22.7
18.2
18.1
19.6
13.2
23.5
16.7
13.0
12.0
17.0
18.7
17.7
18.4
14.7
21.2
24.3
21.2
31.4
27.7
30.5
29.8
35.1
 30.9
 23.3
  9.3
 24.5
 19.3
Below
mean.
41.4
25.4
25.6
27.7
23.0
21.5
23.4
20.6
21.0
20.5
23.8
30.7
35.7
27.7
18.0
24.1
12.5
15.8
17.4
16.9
14.3
13.8
20.9
19.4
16.8
22.5
22.3'
14.0
20.0
25.0
22.3
17.3
19.6
21.3
22.8
25.7
20.8
24.6
21.3
25.5
20.2
 25.9
 17.1
 19.7
 24.7
 21.5
 26.7
WINDS.
No. of Observations
32
38
13
43
13
36
32
 2
17
10
 7
54
 2
 8
 5
 4
 7
 4
 7
 9
 8
 2
 4
 1
 3
15
13
40
13
33
 1
 7
42
29
  1
54
  2
 18
 11
  8
 17
 16
  6
 13
 21
  7
 21
 55
 93
 44
160
 23
138
 77
  4
 70
 23
 14
152
  6
 19
 19
 10
 10
  4
 12
 29
 25
  3
 10
  1
 13
 25
 36
125
 14
 84
  2
 17
146
 29
   2
 56
   4
 36
 27
  11
  16
  44
  14
  14
  62
  26
  67
N. E.
18
14
16
 4
17
33
12
33
35
 0
 0
 2
50
38
 6
29
18
 7
12
17
 6
15
19
 2
14
 4
20
25
30
17
14
17
  1
  9
15
  0
13
14
  1
12
29
  2
  2
 13
  2
 19
  9
 20
 35
 45
 21
 54
 94
 34
 65
 99
  0
  0
  7
170
 96
 21
 72
 18
  8
 25
 18
 16
 30
 74
  2
 50
  5
 53
 50
 27
 32
 45
 40
  3
  9
 31
  0
 34
 22
  2
  19
  32
   4
   6
  14
   6
  64
 5
 5
 4
 1
 2
 9
 4
 2
 7
 0
 0
15
 4
11
 8
 1
17
12
 5
 7
 0
 7
 2
 4
11
11
11
25
30
 6
 1
21
26
22
51
 0
 3
25
  7
40
  6
  9
  0
     6
    10
    12
     3
     5
    23
    14
     2
    13
     0
     0
    47
    11
    20
    29
     2
    19
    15
    14
     6
     0
    11
     3
     6
    40
    14
    37
    48
    50
    13
     2
    44
    28
    23
   107
     0
     7
    42
    13
    65
     6
    22
     0
13 |  15
21 !  52
 3 I  9
n ;  37 
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120
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF JANUARY, 1845.
	THERMOMETER.									WINDS.					
STATION.		Mean Temperature.				Range.						No. of Observations			
	S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.	N.		N. E.		E.	
	14.90 19.96 19.61 21.11 17.93 14.77 30.26 22.58	16.10 21.70 22.31 23.28 21.67 17.22 33.29 27.67	22.80 23.61 29.06 30.13 28.00 26.51 46.19 36.84	17.70 20.32 23.13 23.20 22.32 19.45 36.87 28.77	17.90 21.40 23.53 24.43 22.48 19.49 36.65 28.96	36 42 42 45 47 42 69 56	—10 0 — 5 1 — 2 —12 15 8	18.1 20.6 18.5 20.6 24.5 22.5 32.3 27.0	27.9 21.4 28.5 23.4 24.5 31.5 21.6 21.0	14 26 14 46 29 0 16 9	25 88 47 74 84 0 21 24	13 3 3 1 16 17 9 1	15 12 7 3 53 2G 12 1	18 5 3 7 9 20 2 39	43 19 8 10 27 25 3 40
															
															
															
															
 
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122
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER
			MONTH OF FEBRUARY,				1845.								
															
				THERMOMETER.						WINDS.					
STATIONS. |	S.R.	Mean	Temperature.			Range.				No. of Observations					
		9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.	N.		N. E.		E.	
	6.00 10.34 18.87	10.64 14.34 23.46 21.30 23.67 27.52 28.03 29.78 30.80 26.57 28.32 18.60 20.50 25.89 28.85 28.07 30.46 32.78 32.82 32.30 35.00 41.46 50.10 50.80 53.17 51.46 62.96 71.50 58.71 55.92 52.30 57.25 60.32 62.18 56.10 53.00 61.00 49.85 51.82 47.53 46.16 39.28 40.17 38.00 29.90 27.71 22.15	20.60 25.61 30.89 27.00 30.60 32.82 34.39 37.64 37.96 33.17 34.14 24.42 26.46 28.57 31.64 33.10 37.17 35.53 39.82 40.50 42.92 47.14 56.15 60.53 56.96 65.78 66.57 73.68 67.39 64.14 63.89 65.39 68.32 68.96 69.60 66.70 70.00 63.96 65.07 61.10 61.99 54.92 55.10 50.46 36.30 36.17 25.54	12.00 15.89 23.21 22.70 24.46 29.32 28.00 32.17 30.86 28.39 26.46 19.28 22.42 25.75 29.67 27.41 31.14 33.53 33.14 34.18 36.17 43.10 45.11 55.50 53.46 52.89 56.46 66.10 63.14 55.64 51.40 57.07 58.40 58.10 53.80 54.90 59.00 47.92 53.25 44.32 51.80 42.60 41.78 41.14 29.40 29.03 23.39	12.31 16.59 24.11 22.50 24.99 28.91 28.77 31.91 31.95 28.20 26.84 19.50 21.85 25.77 29.17 28.36 31.35 32.86 33.56 34.09 36.51 42.74 48.99 52.92 53.11 53.62 59.18 68.90 60.82 56.17 53.14 57.70 58.05 59.91 56.77 55.65 60.00 50.71 53.64 47.39 50.65 42.71 43.05 40.51 29.92 29.43 22.53	47 -49 -54 -43 -50 50 56 60 58 57 57 46 53 52 56 54 * 63 ■62 58 61 58 68 70 76 67 80 80 81 77 74 74 78 78 79 76 78 82 80 80 82 77 73 78 74 58 58 42	-39 -19 -10 - 6 1 5 4 8 6 3 — 6 —16 —14 — 3 10 4 5 13 8 13 15 21 26 26 33 26 34 54 37 30 30 33 36 34 29 28 34 20 30 18 22 13 14 14 3 0 — 1	34.7 32.4 29.9 20.5 25.0 21.1 27.2 28.1 26.0 28.8 30.2 26.5 31.1 26.2 26.8 25.6 31.6 29.1 24.4 26.9 21.5 25.3 21.0 23.1 13.9 26.4 20.8 12.1 16.2 17.8 20.9 20.3 19.9 19.1 19.2 22.3 22.0 29.3 26.4 34.6 26.3 30.3 34.9 33.5 28.1 28.6 19.5	51.3 35.6 34.1 28.5 24.0 23.9 24.8 23.9 26.0 25.2 32.8 35.5 35.9 28.8 19.2 24.4 26.4 19.9 25.6 23.1 21.5 21.7 23.0 26.9 20.1 27.6 25.2 14.9 23.8 26.2 23.1 24.7 22.1 25.9 27.8 27.7 26.0 30.7 23.6 29.4 28.7 29.7 29.1 26.5 26.9 29.4 23.5	10 14 4 33 9 22 17 16 0 5 0 28 0 5 2 3 5 3 11 17 6 8 11 3 11 8 11 52 25 13 0 4 36 7 6 17 2 17 15 4 12 33 9 12 13 3 17	20 32 12 L21 11 86 34 71 0 7 0 77 0 9 6 12 5 5 26 26 18 16 36 3 39 9 28 156 25 21 0 7 40 9 12 17 3 36 38 13 16 75 21 13 41 16 67	5 7 5 0 17 16 6 25 33 9 0 8 35 20 3 16 21 0 9 12 8 12 5 1 23 1 15 9 18 4 14 11 0 11 9 24 11 5 0 6 17 11 7 13 1 10 17	8 20 22 0 54 45 18 78 62 20 0 34 112 57 12 43 27 0 23 28 25 18 18 2 79 1 36 22 19 9 31 20 0 11 21 29 27 9 0 7 19 27 18 14 3 39 67	13 13 9 4 3 4 6 4 2 0 0 7 0 5 6 5 2 28 5 4 0 8 14 5 8 23 13 12 9 3 0 14 23 16 52 0 4 19 7 19 1 19 1 15 20 5 5	15 28 26 9 5 19 25 9 2 0 0 19 0 10 17 12 3 30 14 12 0 15
															
	19.00														
	21.25 26.00 24.64 28.07 28.18 24.68 18.43 15.71 18.03 22.86 26.53 24.85 26.64 29.60 28.48 29.40 31.96 39.28 44.60 44.85 48.85 44.35 50.93 64.32 54.03 ! 49.00 44.96 51.10														
															
															
West Point,...........															
Plattsburg Barracks ....															
															
Fort Mifflin...........															
															
															
															53
Fort Moultrie.........															12 25
Oglethorpe Barracks...															39 28
Key West.............															28
Fort Brooke........... Mount Vernon Arsenal. Fort Pike.............															10 8 0 27
	45.15 50.39 47.60 48.00														24
															17 107
															0
	50.00 41.10 44.42 36.61 42.67 34.03 35.14 ' 32.46 24.10 1 24.82														9 28
															12
															33
															1
															41
St. Louis Arsenal.....															2 15 52 13
	! 19.04														22
 
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124                        METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF FEBRUARY, 1845.
			THERMOMETER									WINDS.			
STATIONS.	Mean Temperature.					Range.				No. of Observations					
								Above	Below	N.		S. E.			
	S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	Max.	Min.	mean.	mean.						
	14.70 20.96 22.07	18.00 23.03 26.93	25.90 28.00 34.07	20.40 22.82 27.10	19.75 23.70 27.54	49 53 52	—16 0 — 5	29.2 29.3 24.5	35.8 23.7 32.5	6 33 19	16 117 45	4 4 6	13 14 21	38 22 3	74 48 10
Fort Wilkins..........															
															
Fort Crawford.........	21.14	28.80	34.19	28.10	28.06	48	2	19.9	26.1	55	86	0	0	8	14
	22.17	27.60	31.71	24.89	26.59	46	2	19.4	24.6	25	70	12	37	18	51
	20.85	24.28	31.85	25.53	25.60	47	— 4	21.4	29.6	8	20	12	12	17	21
	29.60	34.42	48.14	37.92	37.52	74	10	36.5	27.5	4	8	7	15	2	4
	26.00	29.78	41.57	30.99	32.08	62	4	29.9	28.1	3	3	21	22	20	24
 
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126
METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER.
			MONTH OF MARCH, 1845.												
] I				THERMOMETER.						WINDS.					
STATIONS.		Mean Temperature.					Range.		i	No. of Observations					
	S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.	N.		N. E.		E.	
,-----------,	11.38 18.45 26.22 27.20 29.87 34.45 32.51 37.31 37.52 34.26 33.81 25.16 30.74 31.48 34.64 31.96 32.90 38.25 38.52 38.11 40.77 46.38 50.90 48.83 55.45 51.90 58.87 70.09 62.66 54.96 49.70 58.51 56.21 56.45 51.11 51.30 53.00 42.93 46.16 40.96 43.66 38.42 1 38.03 i 35.87 ! 31.30 .! 33.09 25.20	19.25 24.68 32.03 30.10 33.83 37.87 37.87 39.41 40.60 38.51 42.58 30.00 34.25 36.35 39.87 38.38 38.90 41.70 46.00 43.16 46.48 50.41 56.15 55.61 58.83 58.71 64.97 76.54 65.80 61.61 50.22 61.61 61.58 I 63.13 61.11 54.10 62.00 51.38 | 52.58 51.06 48.00 44.13 44.12 44.68 40.20 38.12 32.61	32.57 34.87 36.93 35.00 39.06 41.93 45.03 47.90 49.03 46.32 46.48 36.77 38.77 41.74 42.96 43.29 48.12 50.00 51.58 51.15 53.74 56.96 63.90 64.67 62.77 68.77 68.06 77.80 72.29 65.87 67.29 66.61 67.23 67.26 70.10 67.20 68.00 63.19 61.07 59.67 59.01 56.80 58.19 52.64 49.20 46.09 33.45	20.58 29.29 30.64 31.60 32.70 36.77 36.29 41.83 41.32 39.38 39.74 31.38 34.67 36.29 37.87 35.29 38.06 44.29 43.77 44.10 45.38 50.29 55.25 59.64 59.75 • 58.61 62.84 71.80 68.25 60.51 55.70 59.87 60.30 61.61 57.14 57.10 59.00 51.32 52.87 48.53 51.51 44.06 44.96 44.16 38.10 36.67 528.71	20.94 26.82 ! 31.45 30.97 33.86 37.75 37.94 41.61 42.12 39.62 40.65 30.83 34.61 36.46 38.83 37.23 39.49 43.56 44.97 44.13 46.59 51.01 56.55 57.19 59.20 59.50 63.68 74.06 67.25 60.74 55.73 61.65 61.33 62.11 59.86 57.42 60.50 52.20 53.17 50.05 50.54 45.85 46.32 44.34 39.70 38.49 30.01	50 -48 51 45 54 57 -69 76 70 74 72 56 70 76 71 74 75 76 72 75 73 74 76 79 73 84 85 82 80 74 84 80 84 80 84 84 80 80 80 82 77 80 85 80 76 75 48	-24 2 16 10 18 23 18 25 26 25 18 0 10 11 20 15 19 26 26 24 26 30 32 37 42 34 42 64 50 38 34 40 42 42 38 36 38 29 32 20 26 13 17 16 15 18 1	29.1 21.2 19.5 14.0 20.1 19.2 31.1 34.4 27.9 34.4 31.3 25.2 25.4 39.5 32.2 36.8 35.5 32.4 27.0 30.9 26.4 23.0 19.4 21.8 13.8 24.5 21.3 7.9 12.7 13.3 28.3 18.3 22.7 17.9 24.1 26.6 19.5 27.8 26.8 31.9 26.5 34.1 38.7 35.7 36.3 36.5 18.0	44.9 24.8 15.5 21.0 15.9 14.8 19.9 16.6 16.1 14.6 22.7 30.8 24.6 25.5 18.8 22.2 20.5 17.6 19.0 20.1 20.6 21.0 24.6 20.2 17.2 25.5 21.7 10.1 17.3 22.7 21.7 21.7 19.3 20.1 21.9 21.4 22.5 23.2 21.2 30.1 24.5 32.9 29.3 28.3 24.7 20.5 29.0	20 15 3 15 9 25 12 11 1 3 0 35 1 4 9 3 1 0 9 8 4 5 16 1 9 22 32 28 6 24 0 10 31 37 16 43 7 26 11 2 9 34 12 19 13 8 !l4	54 45 10 41 11 110 25 36 1 4 0 121 2 13 27 9 3 0 15 12 15 8 50 3 26 35 112 81 12 45 0 21 33 40 42 50 14 46 21 3 9 76 30 30 29 14 38	11 4 15 7 12 14 12 27 31 4 0 4 20 10 7 12 21 0 14 11 10 6 10 2 24 7 21 10 21 9 31 13 0 11 27 0 10 10 10 13 43 2 7 9 2 18 12	15 12 58 27 38 26 36 73 47 4 0 18 56 17 22 34 19 0 35 20 29 14 39 6 68 18 58 20 39 14 91 31 0 11 63 0 20 16 20 25 44 3 16 13 7 62 39	8 14 7 7 10 13 4 10 1 0 0 4 2 1 4 0 4 18 3 6 0 18 15 15 12 21 6 26 16 7 0 36 45 21 50 0 15 21 28 25 4 9 1 16 13 2 12	14 41 21 20 24 36 11 21 1 0 0 19 7 1 8 0 4 20 6 7 0 44 42 26 26 35 13 70 16 21 0 72 48 25 111 0 32 40 57 35 5 17 4 17 22 6 38
															
															
															
															
															
															
Watervliet Arsenal---- Plattsburg Barracks---- Madison Barracks.......															
															
															
															
															
															
															
Oglethorpe Barracks ...															
															
															
Mount Vernon Arsenal.															
															
															
															
															
															
															
															
															
															
															
															
 
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128
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
MONTH  OF  MARCH,  1845.
STATIONS.
Fort Brady.......
Fort Wilkins.....
Fort Winnebago..
Fort Crawford
Fort Atkinson
Fort Snelling.....
Fort Leavenworth
Fort Des Moines..
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperatui-e.
20.40
22.45
27.84
31.50
28.16
27.80
35.58
31.16
28.20
26.87
34.29
38.22
36.06
34.38
42.96
39.26
3 P. M.
33.60
30.41
43.68
46.18
42.45
42.48
54.67
51.70
9 P. M.
27.00
24.25
32.94
37.19
32.93
33.64
44.54
38.58
27.30
25.99
34.96
38.27
34.90
34.57
44.44
40.20
Range.
54
50
76
80
77
79
82
 4
 3
23
Above
mean.
26.7
24.0
41.0
41.7
42.1
44.4
37.6
45.8
Below
mean.
29.3
24.0
27.0
30.3
30.9
31.6
21.4
32.2
WINDS.
No. of Observations
N.		N. E.		E.	
7	16	8	9	28	58
16	55	12	30	12	27
10	25	0	0	5	14
28	66	0	0	5	5
37	94	3	7	2	7
8	10	7	10	16	17
14	27	7	7	0	0
16	33	7	10	10	12
 
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132
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF APRIL, 1845.
				THERMOMETER								WINDS.			
STATIONS.		Mea	n Temperature.			Range.				No. of Observations					
	S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.	N.		N. E.		E.	
	28.50 31.90 41.13 44.23 39.73 40.06 49.83 43.06	37.50 36.30 49.26 52.25 50.06 48.16 59.06 50.06	42.30 43.46 57.90 60.19 58.63 54.93 70.23 64.74	34.00 35.86 45.30 53.60 47.60 47.33 59.10 51.33	35.57 36.88 48.40 52.57 49.00 47.62 59.55 52.30	54 61 77 81 80 82 76 84	3 10 14 18 12 15 24 18	18.4 24.1 28.6 28.4 31.0 34.4 16.4 31.7	32.6 26.9 34.4 34.6 37.0 32.4 25.6 34.3	3 6 8 31 11 7 10 7	13 28 21 46 28 14 20 22	2 > 9 * 3 0 2 7 21 1	6 15 10 0 6 13 33 3	41 16 10 2 7 18 8 6	113 51 29 2 16 40 11 9
Fort Wilkins..........															
Fort Crawford.........															
															
															
															
 
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• 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
135
MONTH OF MAY, 1845.																					
WINDS.											WEATHER.							RAIN	AND SNOW.		
and sum of force.											Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		.5 0 <	REMARKS.
	S. E.		E.		s. w.		W.		N.	5V.	S.R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	'3 rH	•a 0 o O		Ss o 0 Ul		
	6 6		19	28	9	11	30	55	7	14	4.19	5.00	4.29	4.90	4.60	17	14	12	3	2.63	
	6 23		25	77	19	61	20	44	18	62	3.84	3.68	3.16	4.03	3.68	14	17	12	2	2.51	
	3 10		18	59	35	111	11	33	23	64	4.00	4.45	3.12	5.09	4.17	14	17	8	1	5.17	
	3 6		29	81	33	75	14	39	10	21	3.80	4.00	4.50	4.60	4.22	13	18	8	1	3.14	
	7	12	30	74	15	40	15 31		18	49	4.33	5.12	5.32	5.48	5.19	20	11	9	1	3.15	
	3	10	7	13	45	152	25 ; 78		11	29	3.87	3.80	3.80	4.73	4.05	14	17	11	0	3.22	
	4	12	16	41	42	127	10	27	24	73	4.80	4.90	4.41	5.00	4.77	17	14	14	0	2.89	
	3	7	13	35	30	98	15	66	12	50	5.32	5.76	5.89	6.79	5.69	20	11	6	0	1.47	
	16	34	5	20	26	47	10	25	42	96	4.58	5.22	5.29	4.39	4.87	17	14	7	0	1.75	
	22	31	11	14	25	31 | 6		16	38	70	4.84	5.03	5.06	6.42	5.33	17	14	10	0	4.10	
	4	8	32	135	14	28 | 34		103	20	84	....	....		....		18	13	9	0	5.02	
	2	5	61	204	2	9 25		78	1	5	5.09	5.48	5.16	3.38	4.77 i 17		14	11	0	1.83	
	19 : 64		4	13	56	114 | 3		16	34	146	5.51	4.29	4.74	3.90	4.36	14	17	14	1	4.16	
	3	5	5	10	44	86	26	58	23	55	4.51	5.22	4.90	5.09	4.93	16	15	8	0	2.39	
	8	17	19	61	25	82	19	63	31	118	5.54	5.93	6.32	5.32	5.77	18	13	5	0	2.57	
	4	11	10	52	65	231	3	9	20	71	4.38	5.25	5.41	5.06	5.07	18	13	9	1	1.78	
	0	0	5	19	16	43	32	56	22	62	5.48	5.83	5.80	6.70	5.70	21	10	10	0	1.18	
	7	8	3	3	3	3	64	77	15	28	5.45	6.58	5.87	6.83	7.43	21	10	8	0	4.03	
	3	6	22	41	34	74	17 22		17	41	3.96	4.74	5.06	5.29	4.76	13	18	8	0	4.30	
	19	30	5	14	32	75	13	24	21	59	3.70	4.10	4.20	5.30	4.32	13	18	9	0	2.36	
	8	26	27	97	22	51	13	27	27	104	4.32	5.06	5.22	5.48	5.02	18	13	12	0	3.24	
	20	32	8	17	36	69	15	34	20	65	3.35	4.48	5.64	6.00	4.86	18	13	11	0	7.70	
	18	52	11	31	42	147	15 ! 40		5	14	5.12	5.20	6.21	5.17	5.42	21	10	12	0	3.94	
	24	47	5	7	44	71	12 25		14	32	5.60	7.03	5.08	7.30	6.25	20	11	3	0	1.07	
	10	30	28	96	19	63	12 31		9	23	5.06	5.00	5.87	7.12	5.76	20	11	9	0	6.53	
	2	5	34	75	0	0	21 37		2	4	7.90	5.83	5.90	7.64	6.81	24	7	8	0	5.30	
	27	69	10	22	16	26	3	6	5	10	5.77	6.35	5.39	6.61	6.03	21	10	9	0	2.63	
	9	23	17	29	3	5	3	9	6	16	5.67	5.61	6.58	7.00	6.21	23	8	9	0	4.33	
	5	9	29	29	13	20	6	7	14	21	5.74	6.19	5.74	5.87	5.88	18	13	8	0	4.03	
	8	22	37	92	14	41	22	41	1	2	4.61	5.38	4.83	3.54	4.59	20	11	10	0	3.69	
	37	98	8	25	17	46	0	0	37	112	5.70	5.22	4.61	6.42	5.48	17	14	7	0	2.54	
	26	52	1	1	25	58	7	12	13	39	8.45	6.90	7.19	8.29	7.71	26	5	9	0 ; 2.69		
	0	0	50	54	1	1	13	18	1	2	5.30	5.50	4.80	6.00	5.40	19	12	13	0	7.31	
	10 12		12	17	3	4	2	4	6	8	4.39	5.58	4.00	5.87	4.96	17	14	13	0	8.06	
	21	30	5	7	6	12	13	19	2	2	2.21	8.25	8.30	3.22	5.49	24	7	10	0	3.10	
	18 23		18	28	16	29	5	7	9	17	4.25	4.40	4.19	6.12	4.74	17 | 14		7	0	4.43	
	4 4		1	2	2	2	5	8	6	8	5.20	4.80	6.00	7.00	5.75	22	9	8	0	....	
	35 ( 76		3	11	9	22	1	2	9	20	6.12	6.19	6.29	7.64	6.56	24	7	7	0	5.17	
	1 2		60	121	1	2	42	75	4	8	4.45	4.45	4.22	5.58	4.67	14	17	9	0	4.50	
	0 0		20	22	5	6	14	14	10	12	5.48	6.54	6.29	6.51	6.20	22	9	7	0	3.67	
	65 j 71		16	17	2	2	1	1	4	5	4.32	4.90	4.39	6.48	5.02	18	13	3	0	2.01	
	15 j 35		35	69	3	6	16	29	0	0	2.91	3.06	3.61	5.90	3.87	16	15	7	0	8.16	
	14 30		38	109	14	34	4	8	18	48	4.45	4.51	4.25	7.45	5.16	19	12	4	0	2.35	Therm, protected.
	17 j 19		17	18	17	20	8	13	12	13	7.32	8.64	8.90	7.41	8.07	25	6	4	0	3.05	
	3 '■• 9		21	51	16	48 ■ 28 78			0	0	4.80	6.10	5.70	7.50	6.02	21	10	4	0	1.03	
	39 118		13	49	12	42 1 j 2			9	34	4.48	4.25	4.64	6.32	4.92	15	16	9	1 1.83		
	1	0	9	23	25	81	44	.153	17	44	| 6.68	6.10	6.30	C.48	6.39	18	13	6	0	0.92	
 
136
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH  OF MAY, 1845.
STATIONS.
Fort Brady........
Fort Wilkine......
Fort Winnebago...
Fort Crawford.....
Fort Atkinson.....
Fort Snelling......
Fort Leavenworth..
Fort Des Moines...
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
26.30
43.67
46.26
51.12
47.51
51.64
54.22
48.00
A. M.   3 P. M.   9 P. M
49.40
50.22
58.90
02.00
61.16
62.06
64.25
59.11
57.80
59.00
68.68
70.87
69.00
69.12
72.38
72.20
44.60
46.32
55.80
60.06
57.00
60.51
62.32
57.14
Mean.
44.52
44.80
57.41
61.01
58.67
60.83
63.29
59.11
84
88
85
86
84
86
84
80
Range.
Min.	Above mean.
25	39.5
31	43.2
32	27.6
35	25.0
32	25.3
38	25.2
41	20.7
28	20.9
Below
mean.
19.5
13.8
25.4
26.0
26.7
22.8
22.3
31.1
WINDS.
No. of Observations
N.		N.	E.	E.	
7	22	6	10	18	30
17	65	12	46	3	6
21	57	3	10	0	0
40	60	7	9	5	8
13	26	13	32	3	9
9	20	4	4	13	19
6	8	20	23	14	24
13	13	0	0	29	44
 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.                                 137
MONTH OF MAY,  1845.
WINDS.
and sum of force.
S. E.		S.		s. w.	
13	21	5	14	12	45
9	36	25	101	16	71
5	17	29	93	10	36
8	8	43	54	7	8
4	15	8	35	34	92
31	61	15	28	16	25
39	66	15	22	18	40
6	11	30	89	11	35
RAIN AND SNOW
Mean clearness of sky.
Days.
Days.
S. R.
IP. M.  Mean.
'8 rV	5
20	11
18	13
23	8
22	9
22	9
22	9
25	6
22	9
37	104	26
31	'118	11
15	48	15
3	4	11
20	53	29
20	31	16
3	6	9
30	42	5
6.10
5.87
7.13
7.45
6.83
5.87
6.77
6.20
5.90
5.32
6.97
6.77
6.87
6.93
7.22
6.11
5.40
5.38
5.94
6.00
6,25
7.74
6.77
5.11
6.90
5.64
7.29
5.93
7.58
4.35
7.41
7.40
6.00
5.55
6.83
6.54
6.88
6.22
7.04
6.20
2.19

1.46
2.40
3.23
1.51
2.30
1.61
18 
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140
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF JUNE, 1845.
				THERMOMETER						WINDS.					
STATIONS.		Mean Temperature.				Range.						No. of Observations			
	S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P.M.	Mean.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.	N.		N. E.		E.	
	45.60 50.76 55.63 60.50 57.06 60.60 64.60 59.20	61.10 56.76 68.70 69.20 69.56 68.60 70.13 68.60	66.60 62.37 74.83 75.28 75.80 75.06 76.36 78.16	51.80 53.53 67.13 67.30 62.96 66.30 70.00 66.00	56.27 55.85 66.57 68.07 66.34 67.64 70.27 67.99	82 76 87 86 88 87 80 90	34 42 41 50 46 51 52 40	25.7 20.1 20.4 17.9 21.7 19.4 9.7 22.0	22.3 13.9 25.6 18.1 20.3 16.6 18.3 28.0	7 8 5 0 4 3 4 3	10 15 8 0 13 6 5 7	5 7 3 1 9 3 20 2	5 15 6 1 28 3 22 3	24 0 3 1 8 7 7 26	50 0 9 1 25 8 14 28
															
															
															
															
 
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METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH  OF  JULY, 1845.
STATIONS.
Fort Kent............
Hancock Barracks ....
Fort Sullivan.........
Fort Preble...........
Fort Constitution.....
Fort Adams..........
Fort Trumbull........
Fort Hamilton........
Fort Columbus........
WestPoint...........
Watervliet Arsenal ...
Platttburg Barracks...
Madison Barracks.....
Fort Ontario.........
Fort Niagara.......
Buffalo Barracks......
Alleghany Arsenal ....
Carlisle Barracks.....
Fort Mifflin..........
Fort McHenry.......
Fort Severn..........
Fort Monroe..........
Fort Johnston........
Fort Moultrie........
Augusta Arsenal......
Oglethorpe Barracks...
Fort Marion..........
Key West............
Fort Brooke..........
Barrancas Barracks ...
Mount Vernon Arsenal.
Fort Pike............
Fort Wood...........
Camp Pass Christian ..
Baton Rouge.........
Fort Jesup...........
Fort Towson.........
Fort Washita.........
Fort Smith...........
Fort Gibson..........
Fort Scott............
Jefferson Barracks  ....
St. Louis Arsenal.....
Detroit Barracks......
Fort Gratiot..........
Fort Mackinac.......,
FortBradv...........
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
Range.
3 P. M.   9 P. M
53.4S
55.87
55.38
60.10
61.00
66.22
62.29
67.80
69.13
67.29
68.16
59.74
60.25
62.29
64.90
61.25
62.80
75.06
68.29
67.19
72.35
73.70
77.50
79.41
81.48
77.77
78.50
79.35
75.62
76.96
74.26
79.25
76.48
77.29
71.70
74.10
71.96
73.16
68.25
75.14
68.19
72.93
69.28
59.50
57.20
59.30
52.20
64.48
64.42
61.35
67.30
69.74
75.71
72.45
74.06
77.51
75.19
76.55
68.00
68.22
68.80
70.87
72.70
71.93
79.80
80.77
76.11
78.45
78.96
84.60
83.88
85.96
83.74
84.84
85.67
80.93
83.87
83.93
86.48
85.54
83.97
83.00
78.20
81.25
84.77
85.80
83.31
79.54
79.51
78.19
73.70
71.61
65.06
64.80
69.64
70.42
66.48
70.90
74.58
77.13
78.83
81.42
85.48
81.68
84.19
75.93
72.87
73.09
76.83
79.22
81.48
86.38
84.90
85.30
82.83
85.06
88.26
85.67
94.93
88.51
86.87
87.87
83.83
85.16
88.64
88.38
88.23
88.93
90.83
91.10
91.80
97.74
95.00
92.41
89.45
89.03
89.83
79.80
84.12
69.52
70.50
59.32
60.97
57.74
63.80
66.12
68.26
67.35
74.64
74.29
73.29
69.13
66.00
66.19
65.58
69.74
69.27
68.19
80.16
72.35
75.70
77.25
78.35
80.70
82.40
87.54
82.55
81.09
81.19
79.32
79.61
78.61
81.77
80.17
80.61
78.14
81.00
81.35
81.58
80.83
82.34
76.19
77.93
80.00
70.70
65.16
62.71
57.30
Mean.    Max.   Min.
61.73
62.92
60.24
65.52
67.86
71.83
70.23
74.48
76.60
74.36
74.51
67.42
66.88
67.44
70.58
70.61
70.60
80.35
76.58
76.07
77.72
79.02
82.76
82.84
87.48
83.14
82.82
83.52
79.42
81.40
81.36
83.97
82.60
82.70
80.92
81.10
81.59
84.31
82.47
83.30
78.34
79.85
79.32
70.92
69.52
64.15
61.20
 90
 89
 86
 83
 91
 90
 90
 99
 99
 96
 98
 92
 85
 87
 92
 92
 96
 98
 97
 97
 95
 96
 95
 92
103
 97
 92
 91
 88
 98
 98
 96
 98
 95
 99
 97
102
106
100
 99
 98
100
 99
 90
 96
 80
36
43
48
54
52
54
49
51
54
53
52
50
50
48
52
47
48
66
54
55
63
65
71
76
72
76
74
77
73
70
68
70
72
68
66
64
58
62
58
56
53
62
60
41
43
43
40
Above
mean.
28.3
26.1
25.8
17.5
23.1
18.2
19.8
24.5
22.4
21.6
23.5
24.6
18.1
19.6
21.4
21.4
25.4
17.6
20.4
20.9
17.3
19.0
12.2
 9.2
15.5
13.9
 9.2
 7.5
 8.6
16.6
16.6
12.0
15.4
12.3
18.1
15.9
20.4
21.7
17.5
15.7
19.7
20.1
19.7
17.1
26.5
15.8
30.8
Below
mean.
25.7
19.9
12.2
11.5
15.9
17.8
21.2
23.5
22.6
21.4
22.5
17.4
16.9
19.4
18.6
23.6
22.6
14.4
22.6
21.1
14.7
14.0
11.8
 6.8
15.5
 7.1
 8.8
 6.5
 6.4
11.4
13.4
14.0
10.6
14.7
14.9
17.1
23.6
22.3
24.5
27.3
25.3
17.9
19.3
29.9
26.5
21.2
21.2
WINDS.
No. of Observations
N.		N. E.		E.	
7	15	10	12	9	10
7	15	5	15	13	20
7	11	2	6	5	16
5	10	1	4	4	11
3	8	9	21	. 3	5
10	28	8	27	]	5
14	30	1	6	0	0
21	76	15	40	3	8
1	3	6	.11	0	0
3	4	8	9	0	0
3	8	0	0	0	0
15	43	0	0	16	26
0	0	10	24	1	1
3	8	7	15	3	4
12	31	12	28	3	3
3	10	8	11	1	1
10	15	10	10	0	0
0	0	1	1	11	14
6	9	7	10	5	12
23	43	8	16	3	4
12	45	4	14	1	2
4	8	9	16	17	38
2	6	1	2	24	64
4	15	9	28	15	52
9	11	18	20	0	0
18	18	0	0	20	33
3	5	8	16	24	59
5	13	7	15	24	60
3	3	9	21	11	11
14	14	0	0	6	9
0	0	2	6	0	0
8	10	6	12	2	3
37	48	3	3	8	8
3	3	2	3	1	1
0	0	2	9	59	96
1	1	11	14	11	18
12	24	7	10	32	55
5	10	0	0	10	15
2	2	2	2	43	51
5	5	13	14	2	2
2	7	9	12	15	30
14	34	14	20	6	8
7	13	11	10	10	12
25	56	3	6	13	24
4	13	42	140	2	4
10	27	4	11	12	32
8	8	12	20	22	14
 
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144
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
MONTH OF JULY, 1845.
STATIONS.
Fort Wilkins.....
Fort Winnebago..
Fort Crawford
Fort Atkinson
Fort Snelling.....
Fort Leavenworth
Fort Des Moines .
			THERMOMETEI								WINDS.			
	Mea	n Tempera 8 P.M.	ture.		Range.				No. of Observations					
S. R.	9 \. M.		9 P. M.	Mean.	Max.	i [ Min.	Above Mean.	Below M6an.	N.		N. E.		E.	
58.00	64.87	71.00	61.32	63.80	94	1 42	30.2	21.8	6	12	5	16	I 14 26	
63.10	73.80	81.48	70.51	72.22	94	49	21.8	23.2	6	8	0	0	1 1	
70.00	75.06	82.00	74.03	75.25	93	56	17.7	19.3	2	4	4	7	6 10	
64.90	76.12	83.12	70.00	73.53	95	49	21.5	24.5	17	40	9	16	5 13	
66.83	73.29	83.03	73.61	74.19	94	54	19.8	20.2	5	7	5	7	7	15
70.71	81.71	8G.00	7G.38	78.70	94	58	15.3	20.3	8	8	4	4	2	2
65.30	79.30	88.00	73.50	76.52	98	48	21.5	28.5	8 J	14	0 ,	0	23	24
 
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METEOROLOGICAL    REGISTER.                                             147
MONTH OF AUGUST, 1845.																					
WINDS.											WEATHER.							RAIN AND SNOW. _—-------			
and sum of force.											Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		c 0 1	REMARKS.
	S. E.		S.		s. w.		w.		N. W.		S. R.	9 A.M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	:~	3 o	a '3	Is o		
																^	3	«	Ul	<	
	• 6	7	32	47	14	21	21	36	9	14	3.90	5.16	5.64	6.16	5.22	20	11	11	0	2.57	
	8	17	38	86	13	29	34	56	8	15	3.32	3.74	4.39	6.03	4.37	18	13	8	0	2.15	
	6	14	78	96	19	34	5	8	20	60	3.32	4.51	5.19	4.83	4.46	15	16	6	0	3.85	
	4	6	52	94	35	55	15	22	3	5	3.40	4.50	4.30	5.40	4.40	16	15	5	0	2.93	
	10	13	46	86'	1	1	10	12	11	20	4.03	4.96	5.22	4.86	4.77	16	15	7	0	2.72	
	17	32	9	16	39	109	21	32	3	7	1.87	3.38	3.71	4.35	2.57	8	23	6	0	3.54	
	9	22	26	64	45	91	2	3	10	25	2.87	4.06	5.03	5.48	4;41	12	19	8	0	1.60	
	12	25	15	36	41	96	3	4	11	29	4.51	5.89	5.48	6.39	5.56	20	11	8	0	4.48	
	23	45	6	19	30	58	6	9	22	32	3.48	5.00	4.42	3.48	4.09	13	18	8	0	3.21	
	42	53	19	28	14	16	9	10	19	20	4.26	4.97	5.19	5.29	4.92	19	12	12	0	7.72	
	19	38	22	53	16	32	40	88	14	31	....	....	....	....	--	25 6		4	0	1.19	Inaccurate.
	0	0	63	138	0	0	28	72	0	0	6.19	6.45	6.27	4.09	5.75	22	9	7	0	1.31	
	36	89	2	5	50	141	2	6	8	14	4.70	5.16	5.45	6.29	5.40	20	11	6	0	0.57	
	18	23	29	42	3	4	9	13	19	24	5.19	5.13	5.25	7.06	5.65	18	13	6	* 0	....	
	10	18	18	43	22	44	20	56	2	3	4.01	4.70	4.25	4.35	4.32	16	15	8	0	2.81	
	13	18	9	10	25	37	14	18	10	11	5.32	5.77	5.54	6.45	5.52	19	12	9	0	3.06	
	12	13	6	6	0	0	60	61	6	6	3.77	3.12	3.80	6.41	4.27	9	22	10	0	5.94	Therm, protected.
	9	10	18	25	16	19	13	15	5	7	3.77	3.64	2.83	4.42	3.66	10	21	12	0	15.20	
	28	30	4	6	10	21	6	17	6	4	2.23	3.11	2.19	4.18	2.93	8	23	10	0	2.77	
	34	56	10	18	23	31	7	12	14	18	4.00	4.12	3.16	5.48	4.19	12	19	19	0	9.98	
	2	10	36	105	24	66	22	64	12	41	6.51 6.16		5.38	6.58	6.13	24	7	5	0	5.90	
	6	9	19	18	41	43	11	18	21	23	4.48	5.00	3.77	5.19	4.61	15	16	11	0	2.62	
	1	1	37	42	2	2	42	52	2	2	8.55	7.71	6.13	7.25	7.41	27	4	12	0	9.94	
	10	19	17	17	23	24	43	31	6	8	2.80	4.50	2.83	4.35	3.62	6	25	11	0	8.23	
	17	48	2	8	30	69	2	7	56	153	8.10	6.81	4.11	5.30	6.08	22	9	11	0	6.48	
	1	1	49	53	9	12	30	32	1	1	6.fc7	6.19	4.96	5.22	5.81	22 9		8	0	3.78	
	30	48	8	13	23	43	31	32	0	0	3.16	8.80	7.19	3.17	5.58	18	13	5	0	2.30	
	28	55	15	29	8	19	6	14	4	5	4.19	6.03	6.06	7.41	5.92	20	11	6	0	3.26	
	10	20	62	95	2	3	38	60	3	5	4.93	5.44	4.55	6.32	5.31	17	14	11	0	4.12	
	3	3	8	8	50	51	7	8	6	7	5.32	5.96	6.67	7.70	6.38	19	12	8	0	9.14	
	29	30	49	50	24	35	0	0	9	9	3.42	5.90	5.61	5.14	5.01	17	14	8	0	1.63	
	17	22	13	15	21	22	2	2	27	30	6.09	6.25	6.25	6.70	6.32	22	9	8	0	7.18	
	10	18	19	35	12	18	14	29	16	20	4.03	4.06	3.96	6.54	4.64	13	18	11	0	4.53	
	17	30	12	13	9	9	14	18	17	19	6.58	7.80	7.38	7.32	7.27	22	9	10	0	7.45	
	4	6	10	19	8	21	16	34	5	12	3.90	5.50	5.20	6.80	5.35	17	14	4	0	1.32	
	47	114	7	19	11	26	0	0	8	21	3.19	3.52	3.87	6.23	4.20	10	21	6	0	2.16	
	12	26	13	27	18	45	20	52	13	30	3.80	4.77	5.64	5.13	4.83	17	14	7	0	K08	
	14	28	5	5	10	19	31	74	11	34	3.20	4.70	3.50	4.50	3.90	13	18	4	0	3.94	
	12	36	22	78	13	40	42	114	14	33	3.97	4.00	4.58	5.67	4.55	15	16	10	0	....	•
	5	14	8	14	3	7	14	35	1	1	3.87	4.94	4.61	6.13	4.90	16	15	6	0	1.53	
	15	19	21	40	11	13	3	5	45	71	2.17	5.70	6.15	6.28	5.07	21	10	5	0	1.35	
	8	27	5	11	13	41	32	75	21	42	4.96	4.22	5.12	7.51	5.45	16	15	9	0	5.07	
	33	50	14	14	5	6	23	28	18	26	3.90	5.87	6.06	3.61	3.36	17	14	9	0	3.28	
	21	27	39	43	6	7	0	0	7	9	3.80 1 5.90 ' 6.68 |			7.22	5.90	23	8	3	0	1.70	
	1	2	17	18	27	28	,27	37	2	3	5.21 6.10 5.60			6.11 5.75 I		19	12 1	11	0	2.34	
 
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^rlOSOrlrlSrlrlrlhrirlrlrthaiQrlrlrlrlrlEllrl 
METEOROLOGICAL    REGISTER.
151
MONTH OF OCTOBER, 1845.																					
WINDS.											WEATHER.							RAIN AND SNOW.			
and sum of force. *											Mean clearness of sky.					Days. Days.				43 B 3	REMARKS.
	S. E.		S.		s. w.		W.		N.W.		S. R.	9A.M.' 3 P.M. 9 P.M.' Mean.				£	■a s o	a '3	is o		
												! 1 !				£	5	«	Ul	<	
	11	33	10	29	12	35	25	73	14	33	3.90	4.35 j 4.87 5.51 4.65				13	18	9	0	4.74	
	5	16	4	12	10	26	13	27	31	76	4.16	5.52	5.70	5.22	5.15	17	14	7	0	3.65	
	12	23	13	30	33	67	5	13	10	36	5.89	6.06	7.16	6.75	6.46	21	10	4	0	1.76	•
	12	17	'9 !	29	23	25	30	39	16	24	4.67	6.19	•6.45	6.22	5.88	21	10	7	0	2.50	
	34	64	12 17		12	14	7	8	41	87	4.45	5.84	5.39	6.22	5.47	19	12	7	0	2.93	
	0	0	60 156		1	1	15	45	3	6	....	....	....	....	....	22	9	6	1	2.04	
	5	16	44 107		16	43	26	54	5	14	5.10	5.40	5.70	5.30	5.37	16	15	8	2	2.26	
	54	158	0	0	23	70	1	4	26	89	3.51	4.58	4.03	4.07	4.04	12	19	11	0	2.64	
	17	27	32	54	26	48	8	18	16	35	3.87	5.00	4.45	4.61	4.48	14	17	9	0	5.60	
	9	21	45	101	19	64	16	60	14	52	2.61	3.00	3.51	3.67	3.19	6	25	7	0	1.42	
	13	14	1	3	25	39	23	40	16	26	2.96	6.09	5.54	6.35	5.23	20	11	7	0	3.37	
	3	5	0	0	0	0	82	82	10	10	6.54	6.83	7.29	7.41	7.01	24	7	6	0	9.70	Temp, inaccurate.
	12	12	11	27	18	28	25	29	10	14	5.38	5.00	5.74	6.03	5.53	18	13	5	0	4.60	
	36	38	2	7	12	12	19	38	9	13	5.10	5.80	5.26	7.12	5.82	19	12	4	0	3.73	
	15	30	2	6	15	32	12	26	24	64	3.38	4.58	4.80	6.41	4.79	16	15	2	0	2.00	
	8	29	1	4	4	16	12	39	9	33	4.03	5.58	5.02	6.07	5.17	19	12	8	0	7.55	
	6	6	5	5	14	14	1	1	16	17	3.93	5.46	4.80	6.27	5.11	15	16	8	0	3.51	
	4	8	12	17	1	1	12	20	4	4	7.90	5.25	6.61	7.58	6.86	22	9	8	0	5.94	
	26	73	9	21	3	10	3	8	3	12	3.40	4.00	3.30	5.00	3.45	14	17	12	0	6.06	
	25	26	1	3	4	6	0	0	35	92	6.38	6.83	5.16	4.19	5.64	19	12	5	0	2.14	
	11	34	0	0	11	34	1	2	30	119	4.74	5.06	5.30	6.10	5.30	17	14	7	0	11.87	
	1	1	5	8	2	3	3	4	1	2	4.60	4.40	4.70	5.20	4.72	14	17	8	0	10.49	
	15	30	5	11	8	13	19	35	2	5	3.28	7.29	8.35	3.41	5.57	22	9	8	0	3.10	
	7	7	11	12	2	2	1	1	12	20	2.14	4.19	3.30	3.31	3.50	10	21	5	0	0.60	Amount of rain in-
	16	33	6	12	0	0	2	3	6	13	5.16	5.71	6.35	8.67	6.47	23	8	6	0	4.90	complete.
	27	48	39	42	31	52	8	15	2	7	4.30	6.10	7.60	6.20	6.05	20	11	5	0	3.65	
	8	10	2	3	8	9	11	11	16	23	5.96	6.22	6.22	9.16	6.89	23	8	6	0	2.90	
	61	71	23	25	2	2	2	2	6	7	2.58	5.87	5.55	7.00	5.25	17	14	6	0	3.49	
	17	21	14	26	22	35	13	• 14	15	17	5.35	5.41	4.93	6.87	5.64	18	13	10	0	3.05	
	26	62	4	9	36	58	4	7	48	77	5.00	4.87	6.19	6.93	5.74	20	11	3	0	0.63	
	24		14	..	14		11	,,	10		7.54	8.19	8.22	7.83	7.94	22	9	3	0	1.91	
	5	9	15	26	15	37	27	69	3	6	4.10	4.20	4.60	5.20	4.52	14	17	To	0	1.60	
	4]	76	23	59	15	33	6	15	19	52	3.87	4.12	4.29	5.19	4.36	14	17		1	2.44	
	10	25	27	76	16	53	30	118	17	55	3.45	3.35	3.22	5.06	3.77	12	19	7	4	1.56	
	32	40	16	20	26	53	31	56	5	18	3.00	3.00	3.90	4.80	3.60	12	19	6	3	3.95	
	11	26	19	56	36	101	17	62	25	68	2.25	3.19	3.29	2.67	2.85	9	22	4	4	....	
	15	33	32	80	19	30	7	16	38	104	4.80	5.09	4.48	6.25	5.15	16	15	4	1	1.22	
	50	94	12	16	13	28	26	53	19	52	3.25	3.83	4.32	2.93	3.55	9	22	8	0	0.66	
	34	52	5	8	21	46	0	0	11	20	4.48	6.45	5.19	6.06	5.54	20	11	5	0	1.30	
 
152
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF NOVEMBER, 1845.
Fort Adams..........
Fort Trumbull.......
Fort Hamilton.......
Fort Columbus.......
West Point..........
Watervliet Arsenal ..
Plattsburg Barracks..
Madison Barracks....
Fort Ontario.........
Fort Niagara........
Alleghany Arsenal
Carlisle Barracks.....
Fort Mifflin..........
FortMcHenry.......
Fort Monroe.........
Fort Moultrie........
Augusta Arsenal.....
Oglethorpe Barracks..
Fort Marion.........
Fort Brooke.........,
Barrancas Barracks...
Mount Vernon Arsenal
Baton Rouge........,
Fort Jesup...........
Corpus Christi.......
Fort Towson.........
Fort Washita........,
Fort Smith...........
Fort Gibson..........
Fort Scott...........
Jefferson Barracks
St. Louis Arsenal.....
Detroit Barracks......
Fort Gratiot.........,
Fort Mackinac.......
Fort Brady..........
Fort Wilkins........
Fort Atkinson.......
Fort Snelling........
Fort Leavenworth ...
TIIERMOMKTKIl.
Mean Temperature.
44.40
43.06
44.23
41.46
40.06
33.73
35.50
36.53
38.06
38.23
34.40
44.63
39.93
39.20
48.10
52.05
44.30
49.16
55.10
55.00
50.87
45.56
49.13
52.60
57.00
41.36
38.17
36.50
40.78
32.90
34.53
32.63
31.00
32.93
30.23
29.60
29.33
26.30
23.76
31.27
9 A. M.
46.43
46.73
46.26
46.00
42.70
41.40
36.40
37.93
39.43
39.80
36.56
46.33
45.46
42.12
50.03
58 05
47.86
54.16
64.60
62.40
56.57
53.16
57.76
57.10
62.60
47.20
50.28
45.06
45.19
38.56
41.40
   S46
   00
35.13
31.83
32.30
31.13
30.60
26.90
44.13
49.40
51.03
52.86
50.30
48.36
46.83
40.50
39.56
42.00
41.26
45.23
49.50
51.10
50.80
57.50
63.04
58.76
65.30
68.00
71.00
64.97
63.00
67.63
64.70
67.90
59.90
61.50
56.87
56.60
48.30
50.33
50.20
42.00
41.67
34.23
34.20
33.46
37.70
37.93
50.36
46.44
44.73
45.36
44.97
42.16
37.23
36.20
37.03
38.70
38.53
36.10
46.76
41.80
42.15
51.16
57.06
51.93
57.43
60.00
62.10
55.23
50.40
56.20
57.30
62.00
49.56
48.12
41.50
45.93
38.70
40.06
39.90
34.00
34.47
30.83
29.90
29.33
29.50
29.40
38.80
46.67
46.39
47.18
45.68
43.32
39.80
37.15
37.76
39.55
39.45
38.07
46.80
44.57
43.57
51.70
57.55
50.71
56.51
61.92
62.62
56.91
53.03
57.68
57.92
62.22
49.50
49.52
44.98
47.12
39.61
41.58
40.55*
35.50
36.05
31.78
31.50
30.81
31.02
29.50
41.14
Above
Mean.
Below
Mean.
59
64
 69
 62
 60
 59
 58
 60
 61
 70
 76
 63
 72
 75
 76
 78
 83
 78
 75
 78
82
78
89
80
83
80
78
71
71
75
63
65
52
67
60
60
68
76
  22
  18
  25
  23
  18
  20
    6
  11
  14
  14
  14
  24
  19
  19
  30
  36
  22
  31
  34
  36
  36
  24
  28
  28
  30
  20
  17
  13
  12
—10
— 2
— 2
   2
   1
   1
— 9
   5
—12
—12
—14
 12.3
 17.6
 20.8
 22.3
 25.7
 22.2
 22.8
 21.2
 18.4
 20.5
 22.9
 23.2
 31.4
 19.4
 20.3
 17.4
 25.3
 21.5
 31.1
 15.4
 18.1
25.0
24.3
20.1
26.8
30.5
33.5
35.0
30.9
31.4
29.4
34.4
27.5
28.9
20.2
35.5
29.2
29.0
38.5
34.9
24.7
28.4
22.2
22.7
25.3
19.8
31.2
26.8
25.6
25.5
24.1
22.8
25.6
24.6
21.7
21.6
28.7
25.5
27.9
26.6
20.9
29.0
29.7
29.9
32.2
29.5
32.5
32.0
35.1
49.6
43.6
42.6
33.5
35.1
30.8
40.5
25.8
19.0
41.5
55.1
No. of Observations
 14
 25
  3
  2
  2
 15
 14
  1
 28
  5
  4
  8
 10
  5
  8
  7
 14
 28
 31
 39
 31
  6
  7
 53
 29
 31
  7
  6
 4
 18
 0
28
 19
 2
29
 14
21
44
 3
36
10  28
11  25
23  65
14  15
6	9
15	18
27	0
14	8
47	3
80	27
76	28
60	31
13	27
21	20
76	14
83	28
68	9
11	10
12	22
5	29
31	11
0	2
13	6
60	0
8	8
81	13
26	8
68	5
94	0
11	3
64	10
20  43
18  53
    14
    21
     6
     2
    11
    18
    34
     0
    14
     3
   100
    39
    77
    55
    57
    15
    86
    20
    36
    26
    30
    13
     4
     6
     0
    27
    38
    17
    14
     0
     6
    14 
METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER,
153
MONTH OF NOVEMBER, 1845.																					
WINDS. 1 WEATHER. RAIN AND SNOW.																					
and sum of force. Mean clearness of sky.																Days.		Days.		4= C3 ,g 0 1 <	REMARKS.
	S. E. ! S. 1				S. w.		w.		1 N. W. S. R. 9 A.M. «				5 P. M.	i >» 1 :.-3 i P. M. Mean. .5s j §				Rain. Snow.			
	12 30 ; 7			23	18	62	32 128 24			1 97	3.50 3.80 4.20 4.90				4.10	12 | 18		11	0	9.49	
	7	25	8	22 12		38	25 | 76 29			79	3.86 4.23 4.80 5.50				4.59	12 18		10	0	7.96	
	6	11	2	4 41 1		15	16	70	27 1	27	6.00 : 5.76 j 5.33			5.60	5.67 ]	19 | 11		5	1	2.95	
	12	17 j	2	3 i	24	43	34	45	32	55	3.10 4.93 5.00			4.20	4.30	14 16		8	1	3.40	
	7	9	14	26	39	64	18	42	36 i	L01	4.36	3.86	4.23	4.43	4.22	10	20	11	1	5.36	
	4	8	34	86	34	87	24	59	12	23	....	....	....	....		19	11	9	2	3.41	
	1	1	171	30	15	25	30	50	22	46	1.50	1.50	1.80	2.30	1.77	2	28	10	2	3.49	
	33	87	0	0	27	107	1	4	40	136	1.36	1.93	1.40	2.26	1.73	2	28	12	4	2.24	
	6	7	24	31	19	30	19	44	11	22	2.63	2.96	2.70	3.66	2.98	6	24	7	2	2.65	
	9	26	24	66	26	96	24	92	24	14	1.30	1.20	2.26	2.73	1.87	2	28	9	0	1.21	
	3	3	6	8	12	22	49	93	26	87	2.70	3.76	3.73	4.06	3.81	10	20	10	2	2.02	
	0	0	0	0	9	12	60	66	41	46	4.56	4.53	4.96	5.36	4.85	15	15	3	2	2.90	Therm, protected.
	3	3	12	20	36	63	26	45	21	44	3.96	4.13	4.13	5.46	4.42	14	16	6	2	4.70	
	16	18	0	0	26	38	28	65	32	74	3.28	4.28	4.00	6.40	4.49	15	15	6	0	1.22	
	4	8	4	14	32	82	23	67	28	71	4.83	4.98	4.30	6.23	5.08	14	16	6	0	2.10	
	1	4	2	8	17	57	72	251	21	82	6.53	6.90	6.36	6.86	6.66	23	7	2	0	0.20	
	1	1	1	1	51	55	23	34	22	30	5.90	6.40	6.40	7.40	6.52	21	9	3	0	0.50	
	1	1	25	33	2	5	45	74	7	10	9.33	8.83	9.00	9.50	9.16	29	1	2	0	0.22	
	2	5	7	9	7	23	10	29	U	32	5.40	5.50	4.10	8.70	5.92	20	io-	3	0	0.43	
	2	3	10	11	7	10	13	22	12	22	6.50	8.30	7.60	7.20	7.40	23	7	7	0	1.00	
	8	21	10	13	3	6	9	17	6	24	5.13	5.63	6.06	6.60	5.85	20	10	4	0	2.93	
	7	11	0	0	11	17	1	3	61	148	5.10	6.66	5.83	7.50	6.29	22	8	4	0	4.99	
	12	22	0	0	6	10	17	31	1	2	3.36	7.36	7.83	3.43	5.49	23	7	10	0	5.00	
	10	14	4	4	2	2	2	4	8	15	2.10	3.20	4.10	2.90	3.07	8	22	6	1	2.50	
	12	24	19	38	0	0	3	5	10	43	3.56	3.20	4.73	6.10	4.40	14	16	11	0	3.56	
	17	23	5	7	7	12	9	15	24	53	4.80	5.96	6.30	7.10	6.04	20	10	3	2	1.19	
	14	26	25	36	28	43	22	27	5	16	5.70	6.40	6.20	6.22	6.13	20	10	5	1	2.40	
	1	1	0	0	23	25	16	19	32	53	5.83	6.63	7.06	8.73	7.06	21	9	3	1	1.13	
	29	30	39	39	4	4	4	4	9	11	1.83	5.14	5.30	5.83	4.52	13	17	3	1	0.85	
	3	8	16	34	29	54	10	15	32	43	5.40	6.03	5.80	6.43	5.91	20	10	2	3	0.97	
	29	58	0	0	21	41	0	0	68	149	4.13	5.06	5.50	5.66	5.08	18	12	3	1	1.35	
	9	9	9	10	20	20	24	24	18	18	6.66	7.40	7.70	6.90	7.16	23	7	4	2	1.73	
	1	1	6	14	7	36	82	110	8	21	2.70	3.70	3.40	4.60	3.60	13	17	7	5	1.50	
	14	31	25	64	35	86	11	24	24	87	2.00	2.50	3.00	4.10	2.90	8	22	3	6	1.83	
	4	7	7	18	6	15	35	124	19	59	2.66	2.66	3.00	4.93	3.31	7	23	6	8	1.73	
	32	31	9	9	6	9	11	17	30	90	1.80	2.10	2.60	5.30	2.90	5	25	4	7	1.87	
	2	6	5	14	14	45	26	93	46	154	1.76	1.86	2.30	. 2.73	2.13	5	25	2	14	2.91	
	5	12	17	24	10	15	7	12	37	85	6.53	6.76	6.33	7.83	6.86	21	9	1	4	0.15	
	8	9	6	6	25	43	29	55 41		89	4.80	5.66	5.83	3.40	4.92	17	13	2	4	0.40	
	15	16	15	23	3	3	2	6 25		36	6.46	7.41	6.90	7.16	6.98	24	6	0	1	0.82	
20 
154
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH  OF  DECEMBER,  1845.
STATIONS.
 Fort Adams..........
 Fort Trumbull.......
 Fort Hamilton.......
 Fort Columbus.......
 West Point..........
 Watervliet Arsenal ...
 Plattsburg Barracks...
 Madison Barracks.....
 Fort Ontario.........
 Fort Niagara.........
 Alleghany Arsenal....
 Carlisle Barracks.....
 Fort Mifflin..........
 Fort McHenry.......
 Fort Monroe.........
 Fort Moultrie........
 Augusta Arsenal......
 Oglethorpe Barracks ..
 Fort Marion..........
 Fort Brooke..........
 Barrancas Barracks ...
 Mount Vernon Arsenal
 Fort Pike............
 Baton Rouge.........
 Fort Jesup...........
 Corpus  Christi........
 Fort Towson.........
 Fort Washita.........
 Fort Smith...........
 Fort Gibson..........
 Fort Scott...........
 Jefferson Barracks ....
 St. Louis Arsenal.....
 Detroit Barracks......
 Fort Gratiot.........
 Fort Mackinac.......
 Fort Brady...........
 Fort Wilkins.........
 Fort Atkinson........,
 Fort Snelling.........,
Fort Leavenworth.....
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
S. R.
 27.93
 25.33
 26.71
 26.42
 22.29
 12.68
 13.20
 14.58
 19.97
 22.77
 20.60
 26.58
 25.96
 24.19
 33.16
 40.16
 34.35
 39.55
 45.00
 50.51
 41.64
 36.90
 41.20
 39.35
 38.32
 47.22
 29.03
 31.60
 23.84
 29.39
 19.90
 20.35
 18.00
 19.70
 17.42
 18.32
 15.00
 16.38
14.64
 9.41
17.77
9 A. M.   3 P. M.   9 P. M.
 28.93
 27.15
 38.13
 27.84
 23.42
 17.52
 15.10
 15.90
 21.22
 23.77
 21.51
 27.87
 28.32
 26.14
 34.35
 45.96
 35.90
 43.16
 52.00
 55.19
 44.22
 42.40
 44.45
 48.06
 44.00
 50.06
 33.80
 37.29
 30.03
 32.72
 24.12
 23.58
 24.80
 21.10
 19.16
 19.06
 18.00
 19.06
 16.29
 11.09
28.68
 31.84
 32.41
 33.32
 30.90
 26.93
 22.81
 20.30
 21.80
 25.22
 26.77
 28.38
 30.77
 32.32
 31.13
 39.35
 48.41
 44.33
 50.45
 55.00
 62.77
 51.48
 49.51
 50.41
 55.22
 49.93
 57.61
 44.00
 49.28
 40.87
 41.53
 31.93
 31.12
 31.60
 26.10
 25.74
 22.16
 24.00
20.12
20.06
20.41
34.80
 28.41
 26.83
 27.74
 27.94
 23.84
 15.71
 15.50
 18.03
 21.74
 24.03
 21.93
 28.20
 27.75
 26.80
 32.22
 43.93
 40.45
 46.90
 49.00
 54.49
 46.13
 41.30
 45.48
 46.29
 43.39
 52.80
 36.32
 38.15
 30.80
 33.97
 25.55
 25.06
 22.14
 20.90
 20.23
 19.92
 16.60
 18.16
 15.87
 15.51
25.41
 29.28
 27.93
 28.97
 28.27
 24.12
 17.18
 16.02
 17.58
 22.04
 24.33
 23.10
 28.35
 28.59
 27.07
 34.77
 44.61
 38.76
 45.01
 50.25
 55.74
 45.37
 42.53
 45.38
 47.23
 43.91
 51.92
 35.79
 39.08
 31.38
 34.40
 25.37
 25.03
 24.13
 21.95
 20.64
 19.86
 18.25
 18.43
 16.71
 14.10
26.66
Range.
Max.
 46
 55
 46
 42
 41
 33
 34
 38
 40
 39
 40
 39
 44
 42
 51
 62
 64
 73
 76
 76
 70
 70
 69
 68
 68
 72
 60
 66
 55
 59
 56
 54
 54
 40
 38
34
38
38
40
46
56
   12
   10
   14
   12
    3
  - 8
 —15
 -17
    1
   10
    0
   12
   12
    9
   14
   19
   10
   20
   23
   34
   21
   16
   22
   21
   17
   23
   0
   11
   0
   8
 - 9
 - 6
 - 6
 - 4
 - 3
 - 8
—17
 - 4
 -17
 -12
 - 4
Above
mean.
 16.7
 27.1
 17.0
 13.7
 16.9
 15.8
 18.0
 20.4
 18.0
 14.7
 16.9
 10.6
 15.4
 14.9
 16.2
 17.4
 25.2
 28.0
 25.7
 20.3
 24.6
 27.5
 23.6
 20.8
 24.1
 20.1
 24.2
 26.9
 23.6
 24.6
 30.6
 29.0
 29.9
 18.0
 17.4
 14.1
 19.7
 19.6
23.3
21.9
29.3
Below
mean.
WINDS.
No. of Observations
 17.3
 17.9
 15.0
 16.3
 21.1
 25.2
 31.0
 34.6
 21.0
 14.3
 23.1
 16.4
 16.6
 18.1
 20.8
 25.6
 28.8
 25.0
 27.3
 21.7
 24.4
 26.5
 23.4
 26.2
 26.9
 28.9
 35.8
 28.1
 31.4
 26.4
 34.4
 31.0
 30.1
 26.0
 23.6
 27.9
 35.3
22.4
33.7
26.1
30.7
 36
 43
 18
  4
 10
  9
 23
  5
 36
  7
 13
  5
 12
 11
 10
 20
 35
 36
  7
 26
 33
  3
 10
 11
 25
 22
 15
 25
  7
  8
  6
  4
37
 13
 3
 16
 4
 17
41
 0
23
 99
 50
 109
 29
  5
  0
 31
 90
 25
 17
  1
 22
 36
 23
 67
 49
 11
  6
 86
 90
 96
 78
 67
 60
  5
102
 52
 41
 41
 28
 22
  2
 14
  3
 33
 39
  3
  0
  1
  5
  0
  0
  1
  4
  6
  5
 27
  6
  0
  1
  7
  6
  6
 10
  5
  7
 16
  9
 10
 64
 12
 14
34
 12
30
 2
 7
  1
 8
 5
  1
 2
12
 0
 4
 7
29
  5
  0
  2
  5
  0
  0
  1
  9
  7
  8
 27
  6
  0
  2
 13
 21
  6
 13
 17
  9
 40
 24
 27
114
 12
 20
 79
 19
 37
  2
 13
  1
  8
 14
  1
  9
 12
  0
  5
 10
 38 

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159                           METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
MONTHLY, AND EXTREMES OF  TEMPERATURE FOR 1845.
Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.	LOCALITY.
44.10 45.42 44.18 45.20 45.64 52.96	31.78 31.50 30.81 31.02 29.50 41.14	19.86 18.25 18.43 16.71 14.10 26.66	38.04 35.80 35.89 46.92 50.62 47.52 47.67 50.54 55.76	61.73 60.41 60.30 69.48 71.88 69.74 70.43 72.12 74.86	43.21 43.98 43.58 45.27 44.98 54.54	21.69 18.63 21.18 21.93 19.73 33.61	41.17 39.70 40.24 46.11 45.70 54.69	80 92 94 94 93 95 94 98 99	— 8 —16 — 4 —17 —12 —14	38.8 52.3 53.8 48.9 48.3 34.3	49.2 55.7 44.2 63.1 57.7 68.7	Michigan. Michigan. [rior, Mich. Copper Harbor, Lake Supe-Wisconsin. Wisconsin. Iowa. Minnesota. Iowa., Missouri, (Kansas.)
• 
160
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
MONTHLY  SUMMARIES OF AMOUNT OF  RAIN, 1845.
STATIONS.
Fort Kent.............
Hancock Barracks.....
Fort Sullivan..........
Fort Preble............
Fort Constitution.......
Fort Adams............
Fort Trumbull.........
Fort Hamilton.........
Fort Columbus.........
West Point.............
Watervliet Arsenal.....
Plattsburg Barracks___
Madison Barracks......
Fort Ontario...........
Fort Niagara..........
Buffalo Barracks.......
Alleghany Arsenal.....
Carlisle Barracks......
Fort Mifflin............
Fort McHenry........,
Fort Severn............
Fort Monroe...........
Fort Johnston.........
Augusta Arsenal......
Fort Moultrie  .........
Oglethorpe Barracks ..
Fort Marion..........
Key West.............
Fort Brooke...........
Barrancas Barracks___
Mount Vernon Arsenal
Fort Pike.............
Fort Wood.............
Pass Christian........,
New Orleans...........
Baton Rouge..........
Fort Jesup.............
Corpus Christi.........
Fort Towson...........
Fort Washita.........
Fort Smith.............
Fort Gibson...........
Fort Scott.............
Jefferson Barracks.....
St. Louis Arsenal.......
Jan.
2.60
1.73
2.62
2.07
2.88
3.15
3.57
5.70
3.22
2.88
2.95
2.67
2.92
2.68
1.17
2.29
1.50
6.12
8.20
3.59
5.10
2.42
2.00
0.62
0.95
0.05
0.50
0.14
0.15
1.16
8.37
2.23
1.28
Mar.
1.77
1.70
2.25
2.37
3.20
2.49
3.40
2.21
3.38
3.40
3.36
2.09
2.55
0.85
1.94
2.91
3.04
5.93
5.40
1.70
2.85
1.20
2.99
0.78
1.95
2.21
2.05
3.67
0.40
5.00
4.52
3.65
5.35
April
1.19	5.16
1.80	5.90
1.80	3.55
0.70	5.73
0.66	5.48
1.20	5.05
0.80	2.95
2.33	0.94
0.84	3.24
1.74  4.04
1.06
1.43
2.53
1.44
1.15
1.67
3.00
1.00
1.22
1.80
3.25
2.02
2.04
2.48
2.07
2.70
2.51
2.68
4.50
1.49
2.25
2.48
0.48
0.05
0.10
0.20
0.60
2.06
0.20
0.42
1.79
0.99
1.42

1.99
4.80
4.12

3.49
5.04
1.96
8.08
5.39
1.71
3.67
May. , June.
2.63
2.51
5.17
3.14
3.15
3.22
2.89
1.47
1.75
4.10
5.02
1.83
4.16
2.39
2.57
1.78
1.18
4.03
4.30
2.36
3.24
7.70
3.94
1.07
6.58
5.30
2.63
4.33
4.03
3.69
2.54
2.69
7.31

8.06
3.10
4.43

5.17
4.50
3.67
2.01
 1.86
 2.10
 2.00
 1.56
 1.89
 2.31
 3.05
 3.60
 3.70
 1.82
 2.09
 2.15
 1.85
 4.73
 1.16
 1.96
 4.04
10.45
 9.00
 2.93
 6.94
 6.06
 1.61
 1.20
 2.19
 2.87
 0.59
 6.07
 4.51
 1.87
 2.19
 0.73
 0.95

 3.20
 4.40
 1.43

 6.35
 2.62
 2.85
 2.18
July.
8.16 '24.56
2.35 | 9.78
3.05 10.15
 7.72
 8.86
 6.51
 5.86
 7.38
 2.78
 3.69
 1.95
 1.75
 2.38
 3.31
 2.09
 5.45
 1.58
 1.14
 1.54
 3.74
 2.18
 6.20
 1.26
 3.18
 3.26
 1.93
 0.35
 6.05
 2.80
 4.11
 5.00
12.30
 3.46
 2.73
 1.40?
 4.01
 2.70

 6.40
 0.50?

 0.00
 0.38
 0.51
 1.43
 4.57
 3.89
 0.03
Aug.
2.57
2.15
3.85
2.98
2.72
3.54
1.60
4.48
3.21
7.72
1.19
1.31
0.57
 3.06
 5.94
15.20
 2.77
2.62
5.90
9.94
8.23
6.48
3.78
3.26
4.12
9.14
1.63
7.18
4.53
7.45
Sept.   Oct
2.96
1.74
2.28
2.62
2.60
3.12
3.66
8.18
3.63
3.06

3.39
8.25
5.10
1.51

4.65

0.53
2.60
2.21
4.81
5.40
3.60
1.90?

2.48
2.65
1.60
1.44
3.35
1.71
0.59
4.74
3.65
1.76
2.50
2.93
2.04
2.26
2.64
5.60
1.42

8.87
9.70
4.60
3 73

2.00

3.51
7.55
5.94
6.06
11.87
10.49
3.10
0.60?

4.90
8.65
2.90
3.49
3.05
0.63
1.91
Nov.
9.49
7.96
2.95
3.40
5.36
3.41
8.49
2.24
2.65
1.21

2.02
2.90
4.70
1.22

2.10

0.50
0.20
0.22
0.43

1.00
2.93
4.49
5.00
2.50
3.56
1.19
2.40
1.13
0.85
0.97
1.35
1.73
Dec.
3.44
4.72
8.45
2.51
3.24
2.55
1.20
1.27
3.62
0.31

1.19
5.83
8.40
3.43

4.04

6.00
6.07
3.61
4.14
6.34
8.30
5.80
2.80
4.70
1.81
1.90
1.06
0.08
0.39
0.80
0.41
 5.46
 5.69
 9.95
 6.95
 7.50
 7.38
10.29
 4.68
 6.30
 9.30
11.63
 5.94
 8.75
 5.62
 6.58
 7.39
 6.73
12.64
14.20
 5.55
 8.84
11.38
 7.41
 1.90
 8.58
 7.71
 5.28
10.10
 4.63
 9.11
 8.85
 7.33
14.08

15.21
13.80
12.10

14.39
15.02
10.68
13.04
14.49
 7.30
10.76
11.65
13.11
12.86
10.35
11.94
 8.63
 8.34
10.13
 8.66
11.92
 6.59
 5.55
 7.87

 5.11

10.84
18.57
30.40
 6.96

19.30

 4.17
14.14
15.11
25.04
11.40
8.74
13.10
 9.61
 7.07
11.25
 5.26
86.31
18.20
21.23
17.19
13.35
 6.99
 8.52
10.89
 8.57
 9.41
 8.06
11.88
 5.69

 8.78
15.85
14.40
 6.46

 8.75

 4.54
10.35
 8.87
11.31

15.83

22.26
11.70
 5.00?

 7.57
 8.70
 5.63
 5.78
 7.37
 3.69
 4.23
 9.49
11.83
13.41
10.60
11.27
 9.75
 6.73
 7.69
 9.31
 3.23

 5.54
16.69
24.50
 9.42

 8.34

 8.52
10.44
 6.86
 5.56

 7.56
 9.47
26.01
12.00
12.92

 5.51
 3.91
 4.55
 2.19
 3.42
 2.32
 3.27 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
161
MONTHLY SUMMARIES OF AMOUNT OF RAIN, 1845.
STATIONS.	Jan.	Feb.	Mar.	April.	May.	June.	July.	Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
	1.71 2.95 2.05 1.66 0.67 1.10 0.43 0.49 1.00 0.60	0.63 1.16 1.05 1.8S 2.49 2.79 1.63 1.40 1.32 2.20	1.83 2.62 1.18 2.29 3.10 2.73 1.96 2.80 1.42 0.73	3.29 2.31 0.71 2.26 2,67 3.36 2.83 3.15 3,83 2.40	1.03 1.83 0.92 2.19 1.46 2.40 3.23 1.51 1.81 2.80	2.30 2.73 1.26 1.43 4.09 5.50 7.4S 6.80 5,50 15.80	1.92 1.67 2.83 4.36 4.37 3.90 7.21 2.56 0,51 0,01	1.32 2.16 1.08 3.94 1,53 1.35 5.07 3.28 2.34 1.70	3.82 4.30 5.15 2.64 3.27 2.21 3.04 6.70	1.60 2.44 1.56 3.95 1.24 0,66 1.30	1.50 1.83 1.73 1.87 0.15 0.40 0.82	0.50 0.72 0,30 1.28 0.35 0,08 0.00	6 21 6.76 2.81 6.74 7.23 8.49 8.02 7.46 6,86 5.43	5.54 6.56 5.17 9.73 9.99 10.75 19.76 12.64 8.95 17.51	6.92 8.57 8.46 8.47 4.64 3.27 8.82	2.84 4.83 3.40 4.82 2.41 1.97 2.80	21.51
																	26.72 19.84
																	29.70
																	34.83
Fort Snelling....................																	25.34
																	
																	34.50
																	
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166
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
STATIONS.
Fort Adams..........
Fort Trumbull........
Fort Hamilton........
Fort Columbus.......
"West Point...........
Watervliet Arsenal....
Plattsburg Barracks ...
Madison Barracks.....
Fort Ontario.........
Fort Niagara.........
Alleghany Arsenal ....
Carlisle Barracks.....
Fort Mifflin..........
Fort McHenry.......
Fort Monroe.........
Fort Moultrie........
Augusta Arsenal......
Oglethorpe Barracks..
Fort Marion..........
Fort Brooke..........
Barrancas Barracks ...
Mount Vernon Arsenal
Fort Wood...........
Fort Pike............
Baton  Rouge.........
Corpus Christi........
San Antonio.........
Fort Towson.........
Fort Washita.........
Fort Smith...........
Fort Gibson..........
Fort Scott......,.....
Jefferson Barracks ....
St. Louis  Arsenal.....
Detroit Barracks......
Fort Gratiot..........
Fort Mackinac.......
Fort Brady...........
Fort Wilkins.........
Fort Atkinson........
Fort Snelling.........
Fort Des Moines......
Fort Leavenworth  ....
MONTH OF FEBRUARY,  1846.
TliERMOMETKn.
Mean Temperature.
Range.
 23.40
 2:2.46
 21.52
 24.57
 20.28
 12.50
  8.20
 11.35
 17.10
 22.03
 23.51
 29.82
 25.89
 26.12
 36.57
 46.28
 40.70
 48.75
 52.00
 56.82
 48.18
 42.28
 48.71
 48.53
 44.78
 51.42
 47.28
 34.80
 37.42
 31.96
 32.75
 24.03
 24.92
 23.10
 17.10
 17.75
'14.78
 11.20
 16.35
 17.28
 12.53
 15.00
 24.07
A. M. !  3 P. M.   9 P. M.   Mean.  I Max. I  Min
25.40
25.28
26.5:2
27.14
23.14
16.71
11.70
15.18
22.00
24.21
27.11
31.32
26.68
28.15
37.64
53.35
43.46
51.78
58.00
61.39
52.63
51.00
56.39
55.39
53.32
55.67
48.71
33.50
44.46
37.61
36.96
32.28
28.39
27.23
25.90
22.18
16.16
16.69
18.53
22.28
17.25
25.20
32.53
29.10
30.28
33.07
31.71
26.89
22.32
19.10
21.17
24.14
28.03
33.25
34.89
34.75
35.17
42.43
56.32
54.21
59.46
61.09
69.10
59.93
61.14
61.25
60.39
66.07
63.28
61.42
52.00
54.46
47.71
45.62
35.92
37.07
33.10
31.70
29.78
22.32
21.50
23.32
28.57
2M.14
33.60
38.00
Above  i   Below
mean.  !   mean.
24.90
25.07
27.06
26.21
24.28
18.04
12.30
16.93
22.20
24.03
27.10
33.89
27.68
29.21
38.82
50.71
47.71
54.86
56.00
61.00
53.32
48.10
53.00
53.75
52.25
57.64
50.57
43.10
43.25
37.54
38.45
27.50
29.71
28.30
23.80
22.11
1H.71
16.20
18.17
21.28
20.21
21.80
29.46
25.70
25.62
27.04
27.41
23.65
17.39
12.82
16.16
21.36
24.57
27.74
32.48
28.75
29.64
38.87
51.66
46.52
53.71
56.75
62.08
53.53
50.63
54.84
54.51
54.10
56.98
51.99
42.10
44.90
38.70
38.44
23.93
30.02
27.93
24.62
22.96
18.00
17.12
19.09
22.35
19.53
23.90
31.01
44
46
50
46
48
37
39
38
38
41
48
47
52
57
56
66
68
70
70
78
70
75
70
68
74
72
78
76
70
63
60
52
56
48
48
46
43
40
42
53
52
58
62
   2
   0
   5
   5
   5
  -18
  -10
  -13
  - 1
   4
  - 6
  16
   5
   8
  19
  34
  32
  36
  42
  42
  34
  30
  38
  36
  32
  31
  26
  20
  22
  19
  16
— 3
   2
   2
!— 7
— 6
—10
__22
— 9
—12
—16
— 6
— 6
18.3
20.4
23.0
18.6
24.4
19.6
26.2
21.8
16.6
16.4
20.3
14.5
23.3
27.4
17.1
14.3
21.5
16.3
13.3
15.9
16.5
24.4
15.2
13.5
19.9
15.0
26.0
33.9
25.1
24.3
21.5
22.0
26.0
20.1
23.4
23.0
25.0
22.9
22.9
30.6
32.5
24.1
31.0
26.0
20.1
23.4
23.0
23.7
25.6
22.0
22.4
18.6
35.4
22.8
29.2
22.4
20.6
33.7
16.5
23.7
21.6
19.9
17.7
14.5
17.7
14.7
20.1
19.5
20.6
15.8
18.5
22.1
26.0
26.0
22.1
22.9
19.7
22.5
33.0
28.0
25.9
31.6
29.0
28.0
39.1
28.1
32.4
35.5
29.9
37.0
No. of Observationa
N.      N. E.
    93   16
    57  | 11
24 i 91  [ 31
14 j 27  j 26
 8 | 27    1
16
 0
 9
 9
13
 7
 7
12
13
 1
 5
34
14
 2
25
 3
 7
 4
16
 9
 4
29
 8
11
 9
21
 0
27
 8
 1
12
 5
 6
34
 1
51
33
 28
  0
 15
 32
 24
 17
 10
 27
 38
  4
  5
 55
 67
  2
 49
  8
 26
 10
 39
 26
 10
 66
 21
 25
 10
 44
  0
 32
  8
  4
 20
  7
 21
 68
  3
j.47
105
 38
126
 61
 59
  8
 15
 35
 72
 53
115
  9
 16
  4
 76
 36
 60
 67
 49
 18
 39
 37
 18
 35
 67
 28
 89
21
 9
42
51
 8 |  19
11 !  5
 41:  7
 lj  6
 8 ;  1:2
54 !  14 
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168
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH  OF  MARCH,  1846.
T1IKRM0MKTKR.
STATIONS.
Mean Temperature.
S. R.   9 A. M.
Fort Adams...........
Fort Trumbull........
Fort Hamilton.......
Fort Columbus........
West Point...........
Watervliet Arsenal ...
Plattsburg Barracks ...
Madison Barracks.....
Fort Ontario.........
Fort Niagara.........
Alleghany Arsenal....
Carlisle Barracks......
Fort Mifflin...........
Fort McHenry........
Fort Monroe..........
Fort Moultrie.........
Augusta Arsenal......
Oglethorpe Barracks ..,
Fort Marion..........
Fort Brooke..........
Barrancas Barracks....
Mount Vernon Arsenal
Fort Wood...........
Fort Pike.............
New Orleans.........
Baton Rouge.........
Corpus Christi........,
San Antonio..........
Fort Towson.........
Fort Washita.........
Fort Smith...........
Fort Gibson..........
Fort Scott............
Jefferson Barracks.....
St. Louis Arsenal.....
Detroit Barracks......
Fort Gratiot..........
Fort Mackinac.......
Fort Brady...........
Fort Wilkins.........,
Fort Atkinson.........
Fort Snelling.........•
Fort Leavenworth......
32.90
33.48
35.25
34.35
32.68
25.06
25.70
26.41
28.30
31.03
32.93
35.27
35.25
35.40
44.61
53.70
51.45
56.00
60.00
59.64
56.77
57.22
57.12
57.32
58.13
54.35
57.32
50.74
45.20
46.93
42.68
45.60
37.58
39.51
36.90
30.60
29.16
27.19
25.60
27.64
30.29
31.58
37. HI
36.00
39.38
38.35
38.87
36.16
29.97
30.00
30.90
32.90
36.28
39.64
39.75
42.38
40.00
49.64
61.00
55.32
59.74
64.48
66.74
61.93
61.40
64.70
64.00
61.48
61.64
62.36
57.26
51.70
53.23
52.29
50.84
46.58
45.67
43.28
36.00
34.77
29.74
32.30
32.03
39.00
36.90
49.61
8 P. M.   9 P. M. !   Mean.   Max. '  Min.
40.90
44.32
47.12
45.74
43.74
36.00
37.90
37.38
38.40
38.96
48.61
44.57
49.64
50.20
53.00
63.81
65.74
67.35
68.00
75.41
67.77
70.30
69.74
70.96
66.58
70.55
70.00
69.16
64.70
67.51
65.26
61.90
53.87
54.83
55.67
44.00
41.55
33.39
39.00
36.38
46.83
40.83
55.09
Range
V""
Above
mean.
35.60
38.06
39.41
38.29
36.74
28.39
30.60
31.80
33.10
34.54
39.19
40.00
39.71
42.50
48.38
56.00
58.06
61.87
64.00
64.54
61.60
57.35
62.06
63.03
59.80
G2.67
63. Id
57.00
53.80
56.09
49.61
52.12
46.16
47.41
47.00
36.80
33.06
30.26
29.90
30.29
35.90
38.35
44.09
36.35
38.81
40.03
39.31
37.33
29.85
31.05
31.62
31.17
35.20
40.09
39.90
41.75
42.02
48.91
58.63
57.64
61.24
64.12
66.58
62.02
61.57
64.40
63.83
61.50
62.30
63.21
58.54
53.85
55.94
52.46
52.61
46.05
46.85
45.71
36.85
34.63
30.14
31.70
31.58
38.00
38.41
46.65
50
63
70
62
57
56
52
53
57
47
66
56
64
73
70
76
79
78
79
85
72
78
76
78
73
81
80
78
80
89
78
79
72
71
76
62
57
43
46
47
66
64
78
   15
   16
   16
   15
   8
—13
—14
— 9
  11
  14
  10
  20
  16
  16
  27
  33
  36
  40
  45
  47
  38
  34
  43
  40
  50
  41
  38
  32
  26
  30
  24
  28
  21
  19
  18
   2
— 1
   9
— 3
  10
  19
  20
  22
 13.6
 24.2
 30.0
 22.7
 19.7
 26.1
 20.9
 21.4
 25". 8
 11.8
 25.9
 16.1
 22.2
 31.0
 21.1
 17.4
 21.4
 16.8
 14.9
 18.4
 10.0
 16.4
 11.6
 14.2
 11.5
 18.7
 16.8
 19.5
26.1
33.1
25.5
26.4
25.9
24.1
30.3
25.1
22.4
 12.9
 14.3
 15.4
28.0
25.6
31.3
Below
mean.
No. of Observations
21.4
22.8
24.0
24.3
29.3
42.9
45.1
40.6
20.2
21.2
30.1
19.9
25.8
26.0
21.9
25.6
21.6
21.2
19.1
19.6
24.0
27.6
21.4
23.8
11.5
21.3
25.2
26.5
27.9
25.9
28.5
24.6
25.1
27.9
27.7
34.9
35.6
21.1
34.7
21.6
19.0
18.4
24.7
19  65  I 31
31	66	11	41	1	3
12	48	29	90	9	15
3	4	20	31	1	2
15	31	0	0	0	0
21	30	13	15	4	6
0	0	20	45	3	6
4	10	10	37	21	51
10	10	12	31	21	18
11	17	15	38	6	6
7	8	27	65	6	8
9	20	26	90	14	28
2	6	15	50	19	55
7	13	22	32	0	0
18	30	9	22	19	27
2	6	3	7	8	19
8	14	30	58	19	29
21	42	13	24	34	78
2	7	12	32	5	16
14	19	27	54	21	38
8	15	12	32	34	69
4	6	58	83	12	15
48	82	10	15	39	54
4	6	5	22	12	40
19	54	0	0	17	29
29	80	14	26	34	64
7	16	14	42	30	64
1	1	14	33	36	66
1	2	28	34	7	9
17	20	15	21	9	15
0	0	16	30	4	11
8		3		24	
14	24	12	29	21	43
4	11	32	90	7	15
13	26	21	30	24	68
3	5	2	2	21	30
19	47	5	11	9	19
16	35	5	13	7	.11
11	26	1	3	6	6
20	43	3	11	10	22
 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
169
MONTH OF MARCH, 1846.
WINDS.										WEATHER.							RAIN	AND SNOW.		
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		43 0 0 a <	REMARKS.
S. E.		S.		s. w.		w.		N. W.		S. R.	9 A.M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	'3 rH	o 0	0	o a Ul		
2	4	8	28	29	76	11	31	9	26	4.00	4.20	4.80	5.00	4.50	17	14	6	2	2.88	
4	14	13	30	14	29	16	44	28	87	4.96	5.03	5.32	5.70	5.25	19	12	7	2	3.35	
11	27	10	19	13	47	12	43	28	132	5.67	6.29	5.48	7.06	6.12	20	11	4	0	2.82	
12	20	11	19	9	13	20	26	48	88	4.61	6.00	5.84	5.45	5.47	17	14	7	2	3.82	
13	24	21	35	6	12	8	10	61	137	5.06	5.67	5.58	6.41	5.68	21	10	7 5	1 2	3.90 2.85	
1	1	25	33	9	12	30	56	14	48	3.10	3.60	4.50	4.10	3.82	11	20	7	1	1.36	
24	53	1	2	52	165	7	19	13	35	2.93	3.29	4.06	4.51	3.70	13	18	6	4	2.28	
										4.50	4.60	4.50	4.30	4.48	12	12	2	3	1.55	First 24 days.
3	7	23	56	20	72	12	36	10	44	2.41	3.51	3.77	3.51	3.40	11	20	7	3	1.20	Therm, protected.
12 4	13 11	7 18	7 44	15 15	20 29	21 14	65 27	26 32	58 74	3.93 5.64 4.13	4.12 6.35 4.74	4.00 5.58 4.71	5.83 6.35 4.74	4.47 5.98 4.61	14 19 13	17 12 18	10 6 9	0 1 1	2.02 7.68 8.10	( Therm, protected. \ Rain in excess. Rain in excess.
10	18	6	28	21	37	17	32	30	59	4.19	4.22	4.70	5.12	4.55	13	18	6	2	3.54	
18	37	2	6	16	33	20	41	19	60	4.87	4.77	4.35	5.67	4.91	15	16	9	0	3.33	»
9	22	17	43	26	60	19	42	8	20	5.00	4.90	4.93	6.32	5.29	17	14	6	0	5.50	
25	32	8	9	11	22	2	4	14	18	5.54	5.74	4.70	6.45	5.61	18	13	8	0	8.60	
2	5	23	32	5	11	44	58	2	7	7.26	7.20	7.36	6.29	7.03	21	10	7	0	5.06	
18	34	14	25	19	35	9	18	21	48	2.40	3.50	3.80	5.60	3.82	12	19	4	0	1.67	
7	13	18	31	20	28	21	44	4	11	5.46	5.25	5.48	5.45	5.41	16	15	8	0	7.73	
12	26	17	33	2	7	14	45	7	18	4.09	4.42	5.06	5.06	4.61	18	13	9	0	5.80	
32	76	13	40	11	28	7	29	42	147	4.67	4.93	5.00	6.30	5.22	17	14	8	0	5.63	
19	30	8	12	8	16	9	20	17	30	3.13	3.80	3.83	1.83	3.15	9	22	11	0	10.61	
11	27	3	7	19	63	10	31	17	56	1.64	3.00	2.87	4.03	2.88	9	22	10	0	14.25	
13	17	2	3	11	16	9	14	9	13	0.67	1.58	2.06	2.80	1.80	5	26	8	0	7.88	
2	4	9	10	4	8	9	17	3	6	3.96	3.19	2.80	3.12	3.26	11	20	10	0	12.30	
34	135	8	6	17	24	2	4	10	33	2.27	3.09	4.09	4.90	3.59	6	16	4	0	1.25	First 22 days.
12	29	32	54	18	36	18	36	2	7	3.83	4.16	5.77	5.19	4.74	16	15	9	0	....	
10	16	10	19	3	10	6	14	13	33	4.30	5.00	5.30	6.00	5.15	16	15	7	0	2.00	
13	36	14	23	6	13	33	75	7	27	4.67	5.60	5.74	6.32	5.58	20	11	9	0	2.50	
19	33	11	17	5	13	29	87	9	27	4.87	5.32	4.80	6.03	5.25	16	15	7	0	1.52	
35	39	25	26	9	10	7	9	12	13	4.30	5.26	4.44	6.49	5.12	14	17	7	0	1.79	
15	36	5	10	18	38	11	16	34	74	5.48	5.29	5.16	5.09	5.25	16	15	8	1	1.61	
26	57	12	26	16	43	14	41	36	90	2.16	4.48	4.93	5.77	4.33	16	15	9	0	1.73	
16		12		13	16	30	40	18	28	6.22	7.20	7.23	6.19	6.71	24	7	7	0	3.06	
6	8	11	20	20	64	16	37	13	31	3.80	3.30	3.80	6.70	4.40	13	18	6	4	3.15	
29	76	15	38	21	68	9	17	7	20	2.84	3.13	3.51	4.42	3.50	11	20	7	8	2.17	
10	17	5	7	9	16	24	74	18	37	3.25	3.22	3.90	4.12	3.62	13	18	4	6	1.77	
34	49	9	12	2	3	22	45	21	50	2.60	3.00	3.30	3.20	3.03	10	21	7	7	2.51	
20	47	23	59	4	8	24	63	13	27	2.77	2.96	3.54	3.58	3.21	10	21	5	13	3.84	
11	19	34	70	11	27	15	38	21	64	4.80	4.80	5.25	6.48	5.33	17	14	6	4	3.12	
30	55	9	19	8	24	23	42	36	82	3.61	4.35	3.77	2.12	3.46	11	20	3	3	1.71	
11	21	36	89	11	26	9	16	24	54	6.32	5.74	5.70	6.25	6.00	21	10	4	0	1.10	
 
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METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
175
MONTH OF JUNE, 1846.
WINDS.										WEATHER.							RAIN	AND SNOW.		
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		43 _c 0 a <	REMARKS.
S. E.		S.		s. w.		w.		N. W.		S. R.	9 A.M.	3 P.M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	'a	>> 0 0	0 'is PS	o c Ul		
5	9	10	17	34	79	16	38	7	20	2.30	3.10	3.60	3.20	3.06	8	22	12	0	0.79	
15	29	8	18	28	72	26	109	8	22	4.86	4.16 3.83		3.96	4.20	12	18	10	0	2.14	
26	35	0	0	36	37	4	5	27	35	3.76	6.20 7.50		5.20	5.66	22	8	12	0	1.39	
38	55	17	28	11	22	8	14	28	71	4.56	4.56	4.43	4.50	4.51	15	15	11 5	0 0	2.30 2.96	
19	19	16	25	3	4	32	42	3	3	4.30	4.60	4.10	3.40	4.10	14	16	8	0	3.11	
12	28	1	3	61	161	5	11	11	41	3.60 6.80	4.50 6.40	4.33 6.40	4.00 5.60	4.12 6.30	10 21	20 9	10 5	0 0	1.98 1.38	
0	0	30	92	5	15	17	47	12	50	2.66	3.10	4.63	4.30	3.90	12	18	10	0	1.62	
12	21	6	9	12	21	32	47	19	47	3.00	4.40	4.23	5.46	4.27	11	19	4	0	4.05	Temp, in error.
22	20	0	0	15	22	4	5	27	52	2.07	3.90	2.24	4.00	3.05	9	21	10	0	1.78	
19	36	8	17	17	36	14	41	20	57	3.46	3.53	4.70	4.63	4.08	12	18	10	0	4.67	
19	63	28	89	30	87	15	45	3	8	5.60	6.96	6.10	6.96	6.41	22	8	6	0	3.25	
36	64	5	12	41	88	6	11	1	1	5.23	5.57	4.87	5.20	5.22	16	14	13	0	5.24	
8	14	34	43	8	10	28	32	2	3	6.33	5.07	4.86	6.33	5.65	20	10	13	0	5.81	
32	111	20	55	0	0	7	20	3	12	3.50	5.20	3.50	3.60	3.95	12	18	12	0	6.28	
11	15	23	49	44	83	13	21	0	0	6.36	6.03	4.86	6.10	5.83	19	11	12	0	8.17	
20	44	3	8	15	39	8	26	34	86	5.00	5.16	4.30	5.50	4.99	15	15	7	0	5.57	
14	23	28	48	10	24	4	9	5	10	5.00	5.25	5.60	8.60	6.11	]7	3	4	0	1.85	Last 20 days.
5	11	4	7	4	10	6	7	3	4	4.10	3.50	4.73	1.93	3.56	8	22	13	0	16.00	
30	69	34	79	9	16	2	2	2	3	4.93	5.06	4.20	5.70	4.98	16	14	12	0	6.65	
2	4	74	128	2	4	7	12	0	0	3.03	3.43	3.36	3.90	3.43	11	19	15	0	....	Amount of rain great.
10	28	26	62	9	25	12	34	2	8	5.53	7.06	7.30	7.50	6.84	21	9	12	0	10.23	
9	15	5	5	17	17	15	17	16	26	4.96	5.20	5.03	6.76	5.48	18	12	10	0	7.00	
49	49	18	18	6	7	0	0	3	5	3.86	5.73	4.46	6.43	5.32	16	14	4	0	6.92	
15	31	8	17	15	30	12	14	10	13	3.80	4.26	4.27	5.90	4.55	13	17	8	0	7.03	
10	17	11	19	7	12	26	41	28	46	4.84	4.86	5.53	4.50	5.68	17	13	6	0	2.86	
13	20	15	16	12	18	13	22	7	9	6.24	7.24	7.25	7.10	6.95	20	10	9	0	4.94	Weather observations
15		7		9		15		5		5.40	5.70	4.90	7.20	5.80	18	12	13	0	3.55	[inaccurate.
20	40	12	28	9	23	0	0	6	19	4.03	4.46	5.03	5.63	4.79	14	16	13	0	2.35	
9	10	11	13	9	10	23	47	12	16	6.63	3.70	6.66	6.20	5.79	21	9	4	0	0.89	
22 34		3	10	2	8	24	43	28	49	6.50	5.80	6.20	6.20	6.17	20	10	2	0	0.95	
12	38	16	55	18	50	25	80	25	64	7.03	7.13	8.36	7.60	7.53	23	7	7	0	1.12	
45	58	2	4	8	20	2	6	6	11	3.86	4.93	5.30	2.96	4.26	16	14	6	0	3.10	
11	16	25	35	3	3	0	0	11	27	7.40	7.00	7.40	7.00	7.22	20	10	6	0	4.16	Observations omitted.
 
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182
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER
MONTH  OF  OCTOBER, 1846.
STATIONS.
Fort Hamilton........
Fort Columbus.......
West Point...........
Watervliet Arsenal...
Alleghany  Arsenal....
Fort McHenry........
Fort Monroe.........
Fort Brooke..........
Barrancas Barracks....
Mount Vernon Arsenal
New Orleans.........
Baton Rouge.........
Corpus Christi........
Fort Washita.........
Fort Smith...........
Fort Gibson..........
Fort Scott............
Jefferson Barracks.....
St. Louis Arsenal.....
Fort Mackinac.......
Fort Brady...........
Fort Snelling........,
Fort Leavenworth....,
THERMOMETER.
48.61
48.77
46.00
42.16
44.25
46.10
57.48
66.80
63.77
54.16
61.11
57.45
65.56
56.54
50.96
54.68
44.70
49.64
45.17
39.51
38.30
39.12
46.29
Mean Temperature.
9 A. JI.   8 P. M.   9 P. M.    Mean
52.25
52.51
49.90
47.65
53.60
52.40
61.30
73.45
65.74
65.30
72.17
67.29
73.16
63.29
62.28
60.84
57.32
54.51
53.23
43.19
45.00
43.61
55.09
62.61
61.26
57.96
54.87
59.54
64.20
66.48
80.35
75.38
77.00
76.11
77.96
80.64
76.00
75.16
72.68
66.96
63.64
63.50
45.83
53.20
43.54
64.48
53.80
54.48
51.19
46.90
48.54
54.60
60.90
71.48
66.74
64.20
65.90
65.83
73.42
64.54
57.80
61.56
54.35
53.77
54.30
42.03
43.00
45.22
55.57
54.32
54.00
51.26
47.89
51.50
54.32
61.56
73.02
67.91
65.17
68.82
67.13
73.69
65.09
61.55
62.44
54.83
55.39
54.05
42.64
44.87
42.87
54.36
Range.
Max.  Min
84
79
80
78
77
85
80
85
85
86
84
86
86
91
88
86
83
82
88
64
72
76
84
33
32
30
24
30
30
39
55
43
38
46
42
52
32
30
31
21
28
28
22
28
23
26
Above
mean.
29.7
25.0
28.7
30.1
25.5
30.7
18.4
12.0
17.1
20.8
15.2
18.9
12.3
25.9
26.4
23.6
28.2
26.6
33.9
21.4
27.1
33.1
29.6
Below
mean.
21.3
22.0
21.3
23.9
21.5
24.3
22.6
18.0
24.9
27.2
22.8
25.1
21.7
33.1
31.6
31.4
33.8
27.4
26.1
20.6
16.9
19.9
28.4
No. of Observations
N.		N.	E.	E.	
10	31	19	49	8	26
3	4	27	60	4	11
21	67	4	11	6	20
27	50	9	16	7	13
3	9	20	45	0	0
9	19	9	24	31	79
14	20	55	98	31	41
36	50	25	40	15	24
4	14	40	132	7	20
7	8	50	112	1	3
26	34	6	8	81	90
26	74	12	24	8	16
26	57	9	20	20	53
0	0	18	20	31	34
0	0	23	25	8	9
15	32	18	31	8	11
3	4	26	49	16	25
14	20	17	17	9	11
12	25	19	67	9	31
28	66	12	31	10	28
12	24	41	60	28	38
0	0	11	15	0	0
 
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188                                 METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
POSITION OF STATIONS, MEAN TEMPERATURES
Long.
Fort Adams.........
Fort Trumbull.......
Fort Hamilton.......
Fort Columbus.......
West Point..........
Watervliet Arsenal ..
Plattsburg Barracks..
Madison Barracks...
Fort Ontario........
Fort Niagara........
Alleghany Arsenal...
Carlisle Barracks
Fort Mifflin.........
Fort McHenry.......
Fort Monroe........
Fort Moultrie........
Charleston Arsenal...
Augusta Arsenal.....
Oglethorpe Barracks .
Fort Marion.........
Fort Brooke.........
Bnrrancas Barracks ..
Mt. Vernon Arsenal..
Fort Wood..........
Fort Pike............
New Orleans........
Baton  Rouge........
Corpus Christi........
San Antonio.........
Matamoros*........,
Fort Towson........
Fort Washita.......,
Fort Smith.........,
Fort Gibson.........
Fort Scott...........
Jefferson Barracks... .
St. Louis Arsenal. ...
Detroit Barracks.....
Fort Gratiot.........
Fort Mackinac.......
Fort Brady..........
Fort Wilkins........
l-'urt Atkinson.......
Fort Snelling........
Fort Des Moines......
Fort Leavenworth ...
O   '
41 30
•11 2.
40 37
40 42
41 23
42 50
44 41
43 57
43 20
43 18
40 32
40 12
39 51
39 18
37 00
32 42
32 46
33 28
32 05
2D 80
28 00
30 18
31 12
30 08
30 10
29 57
30 2C
27 47
29 25
25 53
34 00
34 09
35 23
35 47
37 45
38 28
38 40
42 20
42 55
45'51
46 30
47 30
43 00
44-53
41 32
39 21
 Altitude
above sea,
Jan.
Feb.
March.
 O  '
71 19
72 05
74 02
74 01
7 4 00
73 55
73 30
76 15
76 40
79-08
80 12
77 14
75 15
76 33
76 15
79 56
79 57
81 53
81 07
8J 30
82 28
87 27
88 20
89 51
89 38
90 00
91  18
97 27
98 25
97 36
95 33
96 27
94 29
95 10
94 35
90 15
90 05
82 58
82 23
84 38
84 43
88 00
92 00
93 10
93 38
94 41
Feet.
  40
  50
  25
  23
 167
  50
 186
 262
 250
 250
 704
 >
  40
  36
  20
  20
  40?
 600?
  40
  12
  20
  20
  75
  20
  20
  20
  41
  20

  50?
 150?
 200?
 460
 842
1000?
 382
 450
 5S0
 598
 728
 600
 620
 700
 820
 780?
 890
30.67
30.19
31.94
31.37
27.48
16.98
18.70
21.53
24.70
28.75
29.27
34.58
32.23
32.29
40.90
50.65
25.70
25.62
27.04
27.41
23.65
17.39
12.82
16.16
21.36
24.57
27.74
32.48
28.75
29.64
38.87
51.66
45.83
52.39
57.50
59.71
52.11
48.93
53.93.
49.98

52.00
56.30
49.87
46.52
53.71
56.75
62.08
53.53
50.63
54.83
54.51

54.10
56.98
51.99
36.35
38.81
40.03
39.31
37.33
29.85
31.05
31.62
31.17
35.20
40.09
39.90
41.75
42.02
48.91
58.63
April.
July.
Aug.
57.64
61.24
64.12
66.58
62.02
61.57
62.40
63.83
61.50
62.30
63.21
58.84
45.83
48.10
49.26
50.33
50.00
47.07
44.02
45.44
45.02
44.41
54.28
51.42
52.46
52.98
57.29
65.95
43.60
47.80
39.82
42.73
37.33
37.78
37.20
29.32
26.53
23.92
23.80
25.40
29.70
28.81
32.25
3S.22
42.10
44.90
38.70
38.44
29.93
30.02
27.93
24.62
22.96
18.00
17.12
19.09
22.35
19.53
23.90
31.01
53.85
55.94
52,46
52.61
46.05
46.85
45.71
36.85
34.63
30.14
31.70
31.58
38.00
38.41
65.56
64.07
69.05
72.15
66.90
64.18
69.29
67.03
67.16
68.07
68.50
67.83
61.27
63.46
62.56
61.87
57.34
59.35
54.91
50.03
45.36
38.32
42.17
39.26
45.58
46.:st
54.52
55.62
59.27
60.41
60.25
60.15
54.72
56.83
56.52
55.07
65.42
63.37   70.55
64.81
70.00
74.36
73.28
75.44
75.07
76.47

72.72
75.28
75.60
77.29
74.42
72.58
71.24
70.00
68.97
69.65
68.97
62.92
56.54
50.41
52.95
52.03
64.21
63.65
65.67
67.36
67.32
67.50
61.52
63.64
64.15
G2.83
68.92
68.09
73.95
79.33
77.35
78.41
77.82
79.31

76.52
80.14
78.86
80.10
78.04
74.79
73.50
71.32
69.26
69.32
71.11
66.27
62.15
58.7 7
61.72
57.41
n.96
72.21
72.25
71.87
73.
74.30
78.86
80.65
76.76
79.71
79.88
60.27
77.43
82.73
81.37
82.22
81.76
80.65
79.74
78.40
78.42
79.95
66.00
66.82
74.21
69.94

73.04
73.35
72.55
71.98
74.12
74.16
79.74
82.77
78.58
81.05
80.01
79.92
78.19
80.21
82.04
81.09
78.80
78.95
75.85
77.68
77.87
68.07
46.65
73.86 I  62.80
51.92   66.80    68.87   77.85    77.06 j  69.04
   ' The observations at this station may be identified with those subsequently continued at  Fort Brown, which is on the opposite side
of the Rio Grincie.  Ther are important in determining the climatology of the district of the lower Rio Grande. 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER
189
MONTHLY, AND EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE FOR 1846.
Oct. Nov. Dec. ! Spring.				Summer.	Autumn.	Winter. ! Year.		Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.	LOCALITY.
54.32 54.00 51.26 47.89 ...... 51.50 54.32 61.56 73.02 67.91 65.17 68.82 67.13 73.69 65.09 61.55 62.44 54.83 55.39 54.05 42.64 44.87 42.87 54.36	49.15 48.15 45.26 42.45 45.30 47.31 54.46 61.46 66.10 61.93 58.87 63.94 62.64 75.36 55.09 51.21 52.59 44.91 45.08 42.78 37.97 39.72 39.85 45.00	35.19 33.90 30.74 25.43 35.70 34.79 46.24 53.44 63.35 57.82 57.23 62.14 59.60 47.32 72.81 48.37 46.47 45.93 37.31 38.59 37.46 25.82 25.75 21.57 33.08	45.57 47.51 49.52 50.02 49.19 45.69 43.26 44.63 44.24 44.89 53.26 53.27 58.73 66.31 66.92 69.41 71.73 66.16 67.98 68.66 69.66 66.93 63.99 62.09 61.49 57.45 58.62 56.53 49.95 45.51 39.62 42.27 40.96 49.26 49.48 56.12	67.95 70.22 70.94 70.71 70.45 72.10 71.85 77.52 80.92 77.56 79.72 79.73 80.00 77.38 80.14 81.45 79.88 77.65 76.67 74.50 75.14 76.31 64.28 71.62 74.59	57.81 57.29 55.19 52.37 55.10 57.20 63.41 72.79 69.48 67.21 69.93 65.44 62.83 63.18 56.61 57.80 56.40 46.95 48.74 48.51 56.13	1 31.39 30.89 27.29 19.93 30.80 32.24 42.00 51.92 61.71 54.49 52.26 55.23 47.02 41.66 42.40 34.86 35.46 34.20 22.58 22.12 23.30 34.10	52.23 52.28 50.59 47.11 52.81 53.64 60.41 71.49 65.75 68.49 64.08 61.06 60.93 55.85 56.76 55.86 43.36 48.23 55.86	89 92 95 92 96 96 95 95 91 89 92 90 90 91 94 88 97 89 92 100 100 95 95 97 100 92 88 82 93 95 94	2 0 5 5 4 —18 —10 —13 — 5 4 — 6 6 5 8 19 31 25 32 39 33 30 26 30 28 26 30 22 19 22 16 16 — 3 2 0 — 7 —11 —10 __22 — 9 —12 —16 — 6 — 6	39.8 42.7 41.4 48.9 43.2 41.4 34.6 18.5 28.3 28.5 35.9 38.9 34.1 39.2 40.2 44.2 38.7 46.8 38.2	47.2. 47.3 46.6 65.1 58.8 45.6 41.4 38.5 38.7 42.5 42.1 45.1 44.9 58.8 54.8 55.8 -- 53.3 64.2 61.8	Rhode Island. Connecticut. New York Harbor. New York Harbor. New York. New York. New York. New York. New York. New York. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Maryland. Virginia. Sullivan's Island, S. Carolina. South Carolina. Georgia. Georgia. St. Augustine, Florida-Florida. Pcnsacola, Florida. Alabama. Louisiana. Louisiana. Louisiana.' Louisiana. Corpus Christi Bay, Texas. Bexar county, Texas, Lower Rio Grande, Mexico. Indian Territory. Indian Territory. Arkansas. Indian Territory. Kansas. Missouri. Missouri. Michigan. Michigan. Michigan. Michigan. [rior. Copper Harbor, Lake Supe-Iowa. Minnesota. Iowa. Kansas.
 
190
METEOROLOGICAL    REGISTER.
MONTHLY SUMMARIES OF AMOUNT OF RAIN,  1846.
STATIONS.
Jan.  Feb.   Mar.  April.  May. | June.
July.   Aug. ! Sept.  Oct. I Nov. i  Dec.   Spring. Summer. Autumn. 'Winter.   Year.
Fort Adams..................... 2.49
Fort Trumbull..................| 3.04
Fort Hamilton.................. 5.15
Fort Columbus.................. 3.92
West Point......................] 3.42
Watervliet Arsenal............. 2.86
Plattsburg Barracks.
Madison Barracks...
Fort Ontario........
1.18
2.61
2.30
Fort Niagara...................1 1.90
Alleghany Arsenal.............. 2.92
Fort McHer.ry.................. 2.S3
Fort Monroe.................... 3.55
Fort Moultrie................... 4.97
Augusta Arsenal................ 3.59
Oglethorpe Barracks............ 6.54
Fort Marion.................... 4.18
Fort Brooke................... 3.01
Barrancas Barracks............. 8.28
                               i
Mount Vernon Arsenal.......... 6.82
Fort Wood......................! 6.45
Fort Pike......................j 8.40
New Orleans....................  ___
 1.9S
 2.24
 5.55
 3.01
 2.78
 2.20
 0.74
 2.24
 2.93  i
 1.18
 2.73
 1.82
 2.97
 3.51
 4.25
 4.70
 4.32
 4.97
10.46
 5.31
 3.94
 4.19
2.82
3.82
3.90
2.85
1.36
2.28
1.55
1.20
2.02
3.54
3.33
5.50
8.60
5.C6
1.67
7.73
1.95 | 2.75  0.79
2.12  4.69 I  ....
2.84  3.70 i  1.18
2.40 i 9.84
4.01 I 9.70
2.14
1.39
3.04  6.62 I 2.30
0.86 | 3.29
0.62 ■ 2.91
1.96  3.49
1.29 | 1.82
2.96
3.11
1.98
1.38
7.09
6.01
6.14
2.50
1.08 ! 2.08 , 1.62
4.34
3.88
2.93
2.90
3.76
2.38
3.28
3.35
2.89
3.72
1.70
2.93
 5.80  6.34
 5.63 11.51  5
10.61 18.17
14.25 13.75 ;  .... I  ....
 7.8S 'lO.TO I 5.38   1.85
4.62
5.77
4.36
1.90

l.CC
1.77
4.44
4.05
1.78
4.67
3.25

5.81
6.28
8.17
7.15  6.05
6.89
5.27
7.20
2.48
4.60 ! 9.05
6.44
0.20
0.48
0.17
1.10
1.95
5.81
3.25
7.17
Baton Rouge...
Corpu* Christi.
Fort Towson...
Fort Washita .
Fort Smith.....
4.80
3.96
3.20
4.40
1.93
Fort Gibscn....................  1.02
Fort Scott...................... 1.27
Jefferson Barracks.............. 3.60
St. Louis Arsenal................ 2 20
Detroit Barracks................ 4.06
FortGratiot  .................. 2.97
Fort Mackina'c.................. 1.29
Fort Brady..................... 1.01
Fort Wilkins....................j 0.S3
Fort Atkinson...................' 1.00
Fort Snelling.................... 0.52
Fort Des Moines.................■ 0.90
Fort Leavenworth.............. 0.40
5.70	12.30	17.20	13.20	16.00
2.37 1.25		3.71	3.44	6.65
2.75 2.00		5.99		
2.73 2.52		8.24	4.70 |10.23	
2.27	1.52	5.4S	5.OS 7.00	
1.54	1.79	3.04	4.60 ; 6.92	
0.92	1.61	2.64	1.76	7.03
1.02	1.73	4.S3	3.50	2.86
2.19	3.06	7.59	5.97 ' 4.94	
2.13	3.15	l.CS	5.42	3.55
1.61	2.17	2.19	4.55	2.35
0.26	1.77	2.01	3.27	0.89
0.94	2.51	2.65	2.03	0.95
1.72	3.84	2.95	1.63	1.12
0.03	3.12	6.53	6.83 j ....	
0.03 ' 1.71 2.90			2.00 ! 3.10	
0.02 i .... ! ....			.... 1 ....	
0.20	1.10	3.90	3.20	4.16
 8.80 ; 9.03  1.33
14.48 10.62 | 2.65
 9.42  4.74  2.12
14.40
 3.02
 __
 1.14
 1.71
 0.70
 1.17
 0.45
15.90 : 5.20
 5.48 10.49
2.30  9.(
1.58	8.90	2.68
1.34	8.36	2.99
2.46	10.02	2.80
2.16	5.00	2.81
4.78
1.30
2.68
8.11
0.48
0.40
2.35
5.58 ; 4.75 | 2.30
            0.67
            2.56
            0.82
            4.32
4.95
2.61
1.40	4.76
3.09	5.53
2.09	3.47
0.68	6.28
0.28	1.43
	4.13
3.80	2.23
2.60
7.17
9.35
0.33
0.18
4.73
3.75
5.16
2.10
3.14
1.35
0.54
2.36
4.60
1.64  0.80
6.20  4.70
3.55
2.14
2.53
2.97
1.42
4.19
1.13  2.14
3.90 I 2.65
 3.01
 5.40
 4.88
 3.49
10.22
13.55
1.20
2.00
 7.58
10.16
15.06
17.53
13.56
 7.00
 4.87
 7.73
 4.66
 4.36
10.40
11.69
10.97
10.75

10.84
 5.14
15.10

22.63
23.96
42.70
 8.40

10.46
12.65
 9.43
 6.01
 7.58
16.61
10.25
 8.91
 7.05
 7.19
 8.42
15.98
 6.61
13.57
11.28
11.37
17.25
15.87
12.42
16.90
26.00
46.50
15.15
10.88
10.18
12.65
 8.26
 9.33
12.35
17.84
4.62
7.86
6.27
12.20
13.67	15.50
14.29	9.19
9.02	7.96
11.29	11.06
5.40	5.71
6.83	14.79
 4.70
10.68
0.08  3.8S   1.03 i  1.14 | 2.05
.20
11.85    6
6.85    6.05
2.65 !  23.75 
 
192
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
SUMMARY OF WEATHER
STATIONS.
Fort Adams (a)......
Fort Hamilton......
Fort Columbus......
West Point.........
Plattsburg Bar'cks (b)
Madison Barracks (c)
Alleghany  Arsenal...
Fort Mifflin (<f)......
Fort McHenry......
Fort Monroe........
Fort Moultrie  (e)___
Augusta Arsenal  (/).
Oglethorpe Bar'ks (g)
Fort Marion.........
Fort Brooke.........
Mt. Vernon Arsenal..
Baton Rouge........
Corpus Christi (ft.) ...
San Antonio (t).....
Fort Washita........
Fort Smith..........
Fort Gibson........
Fort Scott..........
Jefferson Barracks ...
St. Louis Arsenal....
Fort Gratiot (k).....
Fort Mackinac......
Fort Brady (I).......
Fort Snelling........
Fort Wilkins (m)---
Fort Leavenworth (n)
WEATHER.
Fair.    Cloudy.
112
191
188
166
 66
 52
152
 55
158
201
213
 66
163
 78
205
204
152
142
 88
263
239
198
160
204
303
 63
148
130
116
 83
220
161
174
177
199
115
129
213
 65
207
164
121
 54
 80
103
160
169
213
147
124
102
126
167
205
151
 62
118
217
173
249
 98
141
 75
 81
 96
 97
 34
 43
112
 23
 79
106
 69
 25
 80
 41
116
 83
123
 72
 64
 81
 90
 59
 87
 76
 84
 47
 59
 48
 60
 26
 61
15
13
22
14
13
30
17
13
22
 5
 0
 1
 0
 0
 0
 0
 0
 0
 0
 3
 3
 2
 3
 9
 9
28
44
42
16
44
 6
DAYS.
27
27
16
51
28
 2
50
 8
22
23
22
 8
47
17
25
10
68
23
24
36
17
14
40
12
43
10
39
21
17
16
34
50
74
82
17
22
44
43
13
86
38
48
16
 7
 5
92
65
32
31
 9
27
47
50
49
53
47
48
57
19
75
12
30
E.	S. E.	S.	S. w.	w.	N. W.
12	12	19	61	38	24
28	22	33	78	52	48
8	44	21	71	46	104
9	63	41	39*	35	109
11	14	29	8	41	16
3	28	2	58	7	31
35	22	24	40	90	51
8	5	11	24	17	25
14	63	16	55	44	63
64	47	27	59	53	54
44	26	43	54	55	18
9	7	11	14	12	12
53	6	48	9	64	4
15	31	19	15	19	16
84	27	39	41	39	16
18	64	22	54	17	115
163	20	16	22	30	10
40	73	59	16	12	22
33	13	68	15	37	4
70	42	102	29	42	15
114	28	33	47	50	28
19	115	86	37	13	23
29	38	49	69	38	53
80	21	42	32	53	88
46	47	51	43	52	31
16	32	27	22	11	8
50	39	22	45	52	60
43	62	16	20	41	61
58	109 |	14	23	23	35
13	25	23	18	37	27
40	64	56	47	14	74
(a) First nine months.
(b) First six months.
(c) First six months.
(ti) First four months.
(«) October wanting.
(/) First four months.
(<r) From January to  September, inclusive, (except April.)
(ft) From January to October, inclusive, (14 days wanting.)
(i) From January to June, inclusive, and December.
(ft) First six months.
(1) July and August wanting.
(m) First six months.
(n) June incomplete. 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.                          193
OBSERVATIONS FOR 1846.
WINDS.
No. of observations and sum of force.															
N.		N.	E.	E.		g.	E.	g.		s.	w.	w.		N.	IV.
109	410	199	571	46	101	52	110	76	168	244	666	152	426	96	317
110	368	297	872	114	297	89	201	134	312	312	476	210	651	194	755
66	110	230	503	34	72	178	269	84	84	284	396	184	184	416	806
203	430	68	145	36	71	253	354	166	324	158	251	139	■ 285	437	1062
114	229	89	168	44	64	58	72	117	249	32	42	163	257	64	165
9	23	175	396	11	22	114	311	7	19	232	693	29	89	124	385
202	298	172	231	112	148	90	121	97	194	169	283	361	642	206	571
33	47	52	117	32	66	19	35	44	102	97	180	70	136	99	214
89	131	346	656	57	57	251	251	64	115	221	306	177	267	253	436
92	243	151	460	256	666	189	402	109	233	3 5	511	211	590	217	580
89	195	194	703	176	529	105	303	173	474	218	686	222	589	72	183
34	48	64	107	38	60	30	39	43	61	55	84	50	83	50	66
190	260	29	71	211	293	24	53	193	269	36	55	256	348	16	25
69	296	22	95	59	222	125	436	75	207	62	184	78	224	64	196
101	157	367	706	336	463	110	160	158	289	166	255	158	245	64	93
41	85	261	715	71	214	256	670	87	238	215	504	67	182	462	1209
273	433	128	239	653	1090	82	195	65	102	88	222	119	214	42	100
93	227	124	335	159	354	292	775	238	608	64	106	47	83	88	234
95	208	37	103	133	256	53	109	274	467	61	121	148	244	15	33
146	326	107	256	281	573	170	430	410	1054	118	310	169	364	59	169
67	89	189	269	458	504	112	137	132	132	189	189	199	336	114	172
57	63	202	219	75	87	461	478	344	386	148	150	51	54	92	100
159	392	197	356	115	187	154	280	195	484	275	572	153	298	212	423
49	91	211	273	321	687	83	176	167	342	130	248	211	431	352	743
174	200	189	189	184	184	190	190	203	203	174	233	210	308	126	156
41	154	192	569	66	167	128	315	107	275	88	248	45	123	31	93
155	316	227	482	199	545	158	355	90	176	182	525	208	560	241	537
86	153	75	162	174	337	248	408	64	141	79	197	166	327	245	557
69	144	302	448	334	286	436	678	57	103	94	177	94	200	141	263
63	209	49	118	52	123	99	256	92	277	72	202	149	470	107	301
137	147	120	235	159	321	258	508	223	472	189	401	58	98	296	407
25
4 
194
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER
MONTH OF JANUARY, 1847.
STATIONS.
Fort Hamilton.........
Fort Columbus.........
West Point............
Watervliet Arsenal.....
Alleghany Arsenal.....
Fort McHenry.........
Fort Monroe..........
Fort Moultrie..........
Fort Brooke...........
Fort Barrancas........
Mount Vernon Arsenal.
New Orleans..........
Baton Rouge..........
Fort Washita..........
Fort Smith............
Fort Gibson...........
Fort Scott.............
St. Louis Arsenal.
Fort Mackinac.........
Fort Brady............
Fort Snelling..........
Fort Leavenworth.....
Matamoros............
THERMOMETER.
 29.70
 28.93
 25.74
 21.80
 26.87
 27.30
 38.45
 47.19
 58.35
 46.45
 41.80
 52.55
 43.29
 28.74
 28.06
 28.13
 17.32
 19.23
 10.39
  7.54
- 2.00
 14.00
 54.25
Mean Temperature.
A. M.   8 P. M.
30.70
30.54
27.25
25.40
29.35
29.20
40.48
52.55
64.35
49.80
46.00
51.04
48.25
33.26
31.35
30.97
22.29
25.05
12.12
11.41
 0.54
15.38
57.16
38.54
36.38
33.67
31.20
34.54
36.21
46.83
58.03
73.84
56.06
56.00
61.19
57.35
45.83
44.12
42.44
29.25
30.25
16.32
18.67
12.96
24.77
63.48
32.25
33.74
28.48
25.50
28.93
30.15
43.00
53.06
63.61
50.06
45.80
54.61
50.45
35.48
34.19
32.64
21.93
24.04
13.72
12.00
 5.45
18.51
59.16
32.80
32.40
28.90
25.98
29.92
30.71
42.19
52.71
65.04
50.59
47.40
54.85
49.84
35.83
34.43
33.55
22.70
24.64
13.14
12.40
 4.24
18.16
58.51
Range.
Max.   Min.
62
54
52
48
58
54
65
70
88
69
73
78
76
74
72
70
57
58
33
34
34
46
80
 17
 16
  8
  2
  0
 10
 15
 21
 32
 18
 21
 27
 20
 10
 10
  6
- 4
- 2
-16
-14
-24
-10
 31
Above
mean.
29.2
21.6
23.1
22.0
28.1
23.3
22.8
17.3
23.0
18.4
25.6
23.2
26.2
38.2
37.6
36.4
34.3
33.4
19.8
21.6
29.8
27.8
21.5
Below
mean.
15.8
16.4
20.9
24.0
29.9
20.7
27.2
31.7
33.0
32.6
26.4
27.8
29.8
25.8
24.4
27.6
26.7
26.6
29.2
26.4
28.2
28.2
27.5
 11
  0
 10
 31
 49
 65
 22
 19
101
 68
 27
 14
 40
 43
  6
  4
 43
  2
 95
No. of Observations
h 
C5
Ph
bi
EH
Ui
hH
a

«


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METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
201
MONTH OF APRIL, 1847.
WINDS.                                 WEATHER.              ! RAIN AND SNOW.
and sum of force.											Mean clearness of sky.				Day.--.		Dp	5rs. ii o c Ul	a a <	REMARKS.
S. E.		s.		s.	w.	w.		N. W.		S. R.	9 A.M.	3 P. M. 0 P. M. 1		Mean.	'5 tH	3 o				
5	13	11	29	26	76	17	80	33	112	7.50	6.33	5.23 ; 7.10		6.54	21	9	4	0	t).71	
14	30	5	8	41	99	o	6	36	78	5.48	5.45	6.48 6.22		5.40	20	10	10	0	1.53	
13	36	16	31	13	30	26	42	34	109	4.86	4.73	4.90 4.93		4.85	17	13	4	0	0.79	
															24	6	4	2	2.23	
5	8	6	7	22	53	33	77	21	53	4.86	5.93	5.83	6.73	5.83	18	12	9	0	2.55	
31	54	8	13	36	83	7	30	25	68	5.28	5.15	5.10	6.17	5.42	20	10	5	0	0.41	Temp.,in error.
22	40	6	7	37	72	7	30	14	38	6.10	6.13	5.53	6.73	6.12	22	8	6	0	1.86	
9	18	14	24	21	46	31	52	24	48	9.00	9.00	8.66	9.00	8.90	27	4	3	0	1.52	
0	0	24	46	20	37	25	69	5	13	5.30	4.70	5.13	6.56	5.42	21	9	2	0	1.61	
8	9	22	38	33	72	21	31	4	6	7.50	7.43	6.96	7.46	7.34	26	4	4	0	5.85	
17	17	13	19	30	45	6	6	23	32	3.66	4.33	4.86	7.00	4.98	14 16		5	0	3.77	
9	9	34	34	10	10	18	19	13	13	2.93	4.62	3.26	7.40	4.55	13	17	7	0	4.63	
2	5	58	105	6	6	4	6	3	5	5.46	6.26	7.10	8.30	6.81	21	9	4	0	1.60	
0	0	22	23	7	7	19	19	0	0	4.53	5.73	6.73	6.73	5.43	17	13	6	0	3.22	
21	21	47	62	12	17	2	2	8	9	6.06	6.23	6.80	6.63	6.43	19	11	6	0	3.10	
5	9	38	114	9	29	9	13	1	2	3.30	5.16	5.40	5.23	4.77	14	16	7	0	4.22	
11	11	11	11	15	17	13	16	12	15	5.17	6.17	6.18	5.19	5.68	20	10	9	0	8.25	
2	3	5	5	15	47	■18	56	31	87	3.09	3.13	3.50	5.76	3.87	12	18	6	2	1.48	
10	28	4	11	10	27	25	77	32	123	4.90	6.46	7.10	6.16	6.15	20	10	7	1	2.00	
17	27	11	27	3	8	5	10	10	29	2.56	3.03	2.54	2.56	2.67	10	20	2	1	0.45	
12	22	6	18	60	109	8	11	29	45	6.30	5.56	6.13	6.16	6.03	20	10	8	0	2.79	
11	31	15	48	1	5	0	0	0	0	4.33	4.66	7.06	4.73	5.19	19	11	6	0		
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METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.                              205
MONTH OF JUNE, 1847.
WINDS.										WEATHER.							RAIN	AND	SNOW.	
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		r0 0 a 1	REMARKS.
S. E.		£		S.	W.	w.		N. W.		S. R. 9 A. M. 3 P. M.			9 P. M.	Mean.	19		0 '3 M	o 0 ul		
6	13	12	24	28	68	11	34	31	104	5.46 5.43 5.96			6.46	5.82		11	11	0	8.37	
36	56	1	2	23	42	1	1	34 50		5.46 5.26 ! 5.86			6.10	5.67	16	14	9	0	6.78	
8	13	29	73	16	21	29	32	19	49	4.80 : 4.33		4.46	6.00	4.89	14	16	10	0	2.27	
															21	9	9	0	3.82	
0	0	5	13	20	42	26	57	33	62	2.83 4.23 ' 4.80			6.33	4.50	14	16	10	0	5.32	
31	37	6	19	29	64	16	34	24	40	4.12 ! 4.17		3.18	6.50	4.49	17	13	9	0	3.36	
17 j 42		6	17	37	90	8	18	6	17	4.73	5.23	4.83	5.43	5.05	17	13	12	0	4.07	
21	48	21	55	4	10	4	12	4	12	8.33	9.00	9.33	9.33	8.99	22	8	4	0	5.50	
21	41	13	22	3	8	36	36	19	30	5.16	4.00	3.03	4.06	4.06	11	19	10	0	4.68	
18	18	12	12	28	31	8	8	15	15	5.60	4.10	5.53	5.66	5.22	18	12	10	0	4.05	
12 i 12		30	30	24	24	18	18	19	19	6.47	5.29	3.75	6.32	5.45	16	14	7	0	3.43	
7	14	10	15	5	H	17	31	6	12	7.57	5.93	5.83	6.63	6.44	20	10	5	0	2.30	
5	5	58	107	7	7	7	7	0	0	4.10	5.30	5.96	7.50	5.71	19	11	10	0	3.09	
0	0	34	35	5	5	21	21	0	0	4.60	5.13	5.43	6.10	5.31	14	16	8	0	5.95	
16	21	56	62	14	14	4	4	3	3	5.00	6.07	5.29 i 7.21		5.89	19	11	4	0	3.88	
23	29	22	50	13	23	13	18	9	17	3.60	4.40	5.00	5.46	4.61	12	18	9	0	4.63	
12 27		9	14	12	21	27	37	26	58	4.13	4.93	4.50	6.01	4.89	15	15	14	0	4.10	
25	28	13	20	18	32	23	58	11	23	5.25	7.03	6.23	5.17	5.92	20	10	11	0	11.47	
16	44	5	5	6	17	24	48	40	123	4.01	4.43	4.66	4.56	4.41	12	18	13	0	2.97	
12	36	8	15	8	19	34	84	29 101		6.86	7.80	8.43	6.63	7.43	20	10	9	0	3.35	
47	69	4	6	6	12	1	3	5 14		3.56	3.36	3.53	2.43	3.22	15	15	7	0	2.66	
14	14	53	72	8	12	4	4	12	13	5.60	5.46	5.50	6.14	5.67	19	11	5	0	5.15	
2	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7.96	7.40	6.96	7.96	7.57	25	5	9	0		
31	73	12	22	2	4	5	7	1	1	5.13	5.70	7.50	6.10	6.11	24	6	12	0	4.15	
9	10	2	0	15	27	2	5	70	118	4.00	6.00	8.00	6.00	6.00	18	12	0 1	0 0	0.00 0.01 1	First 4 days omitted.
 
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METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
207
MONTH OF  JULY, 1847.
				WINDS.								WEATHER.					RAIN	AND	SNOW.
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		43
S. E.		s.		s. w.		w.		N. W.		S.R.	9 A. M.	3 P.M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	'3	0 5	0 '3 M	fe-es a Ul	0 % <
6	12	1 16 29		59	67	7	25	9	29	6.25	6.67	5.77	7.45	6.53	20	11	8	0	4.32
11	17 13		22	55	72	1	1	18	21	5.68	6.61	3.09	5.64	5.25	19	12	7	0	1.62
24	32	1	1	40	45	11	11	25	39	6.03	5.74	5.16	6.29	5.80	19 19	12 12	9 10	0 0	2.52 6.01
8	10	17	21	20	43	8	9	11	13	3.96	5.19	5.12	5.00	4.81	15	16	10	0	4.18
24	24	12	12	34	76	2	4	11	18	3.23	4.30	4.70	4.26	4.12	14	17	9	0	2.51
16	35	4	8	33	72	22	46	2	6	5.35	4.87	4.38	7.03	5.40	18	13	8	0	3.47
22	55	30	73	13	34	11	23	10	20	7.61	6.90	5.32	4.38	6.05	20	11	11	0	13.25
28	52	22	44	2	4	30	50	13	28	5.54	4.39	2.74	3.97	4.16	12	19	16	0	7.22
21	51	19	60	28	30	4	4	26	26	2.80	1.74	3.00	3.35	2.72	6	25	21	0	11.92
10	12	43	43	31	31	30	31	4	4	3.30	3.84	1.57	5.41	3.53	8	23	15	0	5.06
0	0	45	91	10	18	22	39	14	27	6.30	7.10	5.23	7.70	6.58	12	19	11	0	3.30
11	13	45	57	4	6	2	2	3	3	5.09	5.93	5.70	6.35	5.76	19	12	7	0	6.55
0	0	32	32	4	4	16	16	2	2	4.61	4.93	4.32	6.61	5.11	16	15	13	0	11.18
47	47	54	64	12	14	1	1	0	0	6.09	7.12	7.30	8.10	7.15	23	8	10	0	1.89
21	39	31	50	18	32	4	7	1	1	3.38	3.67	4.25	5.67	4.24	12	19	8	0	5.84
29	50	10	16	13	20	9	15	17	40	5.96	6.83	5.90	8.35	6.76	21	10	5	0	4.47
24	24	17	17	13	17	0	0	16	28	6.27	7.06	7.13	6.20	6.66	23 20	8 11	4 11	0 0	5.30
10	15	10	25	9	24	23	62	16	46	5.10	6.11	5.21	5.20	5.40	19	12	7	0	2.18
17	29	9	12	13	23	19	31	27	55	1.09	7.16	7.32	7.03	5.65	20	11	9	0	3.79
64	78	5	9	4	5	1	2	6	17	4.41	5.29	5.70	3.00	4.60	17	14	10	0	3.66
12	12	76	87	9	9	0	0	5	6	8.41	8.77	9.00	9.03	8.80	27	4	2	0	1.20
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	9.48	9.06	8.67	9.09	9.07	30	1	0	0	0.00
30	62	4	5	0	0	5	9	0	0	4.45	4.93	7.48	6.16	5.76	17	14	16	0	16.70
0	0	0	0	12	23	0	0	106	237	2.93	5.54	7.66	4.50	6.88	16	15	0	0	0.00
										3.30	7.30	7.90	7.00	6.37	25	6	1	0	0.03
REMARKS.
Weather    observa-
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216
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF DECEMBER, 1847.
THERMOMETER.
STATIONS.		Mea	a Temperature.					lange.			
	S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P.M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	Max.	Min.	Above Mean.	Below Mean.	N.	
West Point............	37.03 35.45 33.41 28.06 29.87 34.25 40.67 50.22 48.87 40.64 47.73 36.00 31.35 35.41 27.58 28.25 25.03 31.23 20.60 19.18 12.06 25.21 54.90 70.33 42.20 51.09 46.61	37.96 38.55 36.35 30.84 32.30 37.16 42.41 53.61 56.00 45.54 54.59 41.25 45.29 38.70 34.00 31.93 30.03 38.61 21.18 21.21 14.32 28.40 59.93 72.25 51.80 65.10	42.64 40.90 38.25 36.74 37.74 44.16 48.93 59.06 65.54 56.22 59.74 53.93 51.64 49.90 42.16 35.06 38.12 31.64 25.29 25.80 22.67 42.28 69.19 73.50 60.10 71.10 55.16	33.35 36.71 35.06 33.55 32.51 36.17 43.51 52.32 52.39 46.06 50.95 44.77 41.32 40.62 31.83 31.93 32.00 33.19 23.20 22.21 16.38 24.14 61.45 70.00 48.30 56.20 50.60	37.75 37.90 35.77 32.30 33.10 37.94 43.88 53.80 55.70 47.11 53.25 44.00 42.40 41.16 33.89 31.64 31.30 33.67 22.57 22.10 16.36 30.00 61.37 71.52 50.60 60.87 50.79	58 56 55 66 58 66 69 79 78 72 76 74 76 68 68 65 58 59 45 41 44 "56 80 74 74 83 63	15 12 11 2 — 3 13 18 32 30 26 31 14 12 14 10 4 4 2 2 — 5 —19 8 36 58 32 42 39	20.2 18.1 19.2 33.7 24.9 28.1 25.1 25.2 22.3 24.9 22.7 30.0 33.6 26.8 34.1 33.4 26.7 25.3 22.4 18.9 27.6 26.0 18.6 2.5 23.4 22.1 12.2	22.8 28.9 24.8 30.3 36.1 24.9 25.9 21.8 25.7 21.1 22.3 30.0 30.4 27.2 23.9 27.6 27.3 31.7 20.6 27.1 35.4 22.0 25.4 13.5 18.6 17.9 10.8	9 10 4	25 19 4
											
										11 3 7 27 20 10 33 55 35 1 36 5 19	16 7 11 42 37 16 35 60 56 1 44 9 44
											
											
Mount Vernon Arsenal .											
											
Fort Gibson...........											
											
										12 35 2 11 64 41 17 40	39 44 3 14 107 110 18
											
											
											
											
											
											
											
 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.                      217
	MONTH OF DECEMBER, 1847.																			
WINDS.										WEATHER.							RAIN AND SNOW			
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		4= 0 0	REMARKS.
1 | S. E.		S.		s. w.		W.		N. W.		S. R. 9 A. M. 3 P. M.			9 P.M.	Mean.	#h	5 o	.a	(4 o		
										1					tH	o	«	& <		
3 7		10 28		25 ' 79		10	28	37 149		4.12	3.51	3.48	4.93	4.01	14	17	11	3 7.18		
12 14		17 67		16 19		5	9	45	63	2.64	2.67	3.45	3.58	3.08	7	24	11	3 6.35		
30 42		18 20		9 10		4	7	50	89	3.80	3.22 ; 3.03 !		4.32	3.59	12 21	19 10	3 6	1 4	3.50 1.64	
		20 ! 28		14 35		29	63	21	73	2.70	2.58	]<£7	1.93	2.27	6	25	10	2	4.98	
20 21		8 10 31 47				33	38	10	21	3.17	2.19 2.19		4.14	2.94	8	23	8	4	2.38	
11	18	20	35	fi	30	24	59	31	81	5.12	4.93	3.93	6.29	5.06	14	17	7	1	2.64	
9	18	12	24		32	22	44	3	5	7.41	7.22	8.64	9.22	8.12	26	5	7	0	4.25	
25	35	5	5	8	11	5	6	11	30	4.71	5.64	5.22	6.48	5.51	18	13	1	0	4.50	
16	18	4	6	13	31	5	9	46	71	5.25	5.80	5.41	6.22	5.67	18	13	9	0	9.01	
4	4	13	15	6	8	15	15	10	12	2.16	5.86	5.68	6.78	5.12	16	15	8	0	7.73	
1	2	42	72	3	3	7	7	12	18	5.00	,6.16	6.93	7.74	6.45	20	11	3	0	0.86	
0	0	17	31	15	19	32	33	1	1	5.83	5.12	6.70	6.54	6.04	20	11	3	0	1.15	
27	51	29	80	5	11	4	8	26	50	4.12	7.10	8.11	8.03	6.84	28	3	4	0	1.06	
6	18	33	110	10	20	24	35	13	22	3.70	4.90	6.51	5.93	5.26	18	3	3	0	1.61	
26	73	11	29	17	36	7	16	40	94	4.03	4.32	3.61	4.64	4.15	25	6	2	4	0.23	
11	14	17	19	13	15	28	43	16	19	5.09	6.02	6.09	6.07	5.81	22 16	9 15	3 5	0 10	1.14	Therm, protected.
10	32	19	74	23	81	10	43	25	84	3.20	4.40	4.21	4.20	4.00	10	21	0	4	0.58	Therm, protected.
9	18	10	14	11	16	13	21	3	4	3.22	4.23	4.29	4.24	3.99	14	17	7	10	2.83	
40	52	5 6		13	15	4 7		58	84	3.00	4.19	4.70	2.70	3.64	9	22	0	4	0.66	
1 18	26 16 26			18 34		15 20		32	43	6.12	7.20	6.80	6.25	6.59	23	8	1	3	1.15	
4 4 39 71				0 0		0 1 0		•1	0	7.41	7.09 7.90		6.96	7.34	23	8	0	0	0.00	
0 0		3 4		0 0		0	0	0	0	4.55	5.55	5.64	5.16	5.25	16	15	1	0	0.50	
0 0 0 | 0				21 30		23 1	32	53	80	6.87	7.68	6.87	6.35	6.94	25	6	1	0	0.01	
0 .. 24 I ..				0 ..		49 ..		1		5.90	6.10	6.00	7.10	6.28	24	7	0	0	....	
I i						..j..		i	i		J				20	11	5	0	....	Observ'ns at 2 p. m.
28 
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220
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
MONTHLY SUMMARIES OF AMOUNT OF RAIN, 1847.
STATIONS.	Jan.	Feb.	Mar.	April. May. i		June. July.		Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
	5.04 4.62 4.01 1.84 3.01 2.92 2.75 1.69 2.24 4.78 6.82 7.71 11.60 1.28 0.98 0.10 1.25 1.79 1.28 1.50 0.29 0.69	7.05 5.74 6.22 1.38 2.86 3.42 2.65 0.20 8.25 8.98 7.70 3.77 4.10 1.78 2.12 1.24 3.09 0.81 0.80 0.11 1.30	5.04 8.48 8.49 2.50 3.47 2.3S 5.05 7.66 4.38 10.95 6.45 3.40 3.61 5.56 1.42 1.10 8.12 4.34 1.16 1.00 0.44 0.48	0.71 1.63 1.53 2.IS		8.37 6.78 2.27 3.82 5.32 3.86 4.07 5.50 4.68 4.05 3.43 2.30 3.09 5.95 3.88 4.63 4.10 11.47 2.97 3.85 2.66 5.15 4.15 0.01 0.00	4.82 1.62 2.52 6.01 4.18 2.'51 3.47 13.25 7.22 11.92 5.06 3.30 6.55 11.18 1.89 5.84 4.47 5.30 2.18 3.79 3.66 1.20 16.70 0.03 0.00	8.80 6.93 2.20 1.74 3.26 2.97 8.93 14.70 4.80 7.39 6.81 4.20 5.85 6.40 1.73 1.79 0.74 1.82 3.83 2.49 0.50 9.50 0.00	10.60 12.20 3.58 8.06 3.92 5.55 7.87 6.64 10.23 5.85 2.88 2.40 0.76 0.95 1.50 0.85 2.87 3.40 5.71 4.00 0.32 3.95 0.00	4.28 2.13 1.97 8.16 4.76 3.88 1.92 0.00 2.01 0.42 0.75 0.41 1.26 3.10 2.48 10.07 0.34 1.20 0.87 0.00 4.05 1.10	5.20 6.29 1.80 1.97 4.27 2.54 4.10 0.45 0.28 4.10 2.59 4.65 7.05 8.85 5.56 10.05 3.10 2.62 1.71 0.27 0.54 8.10	7.18 6.35 3.50 1.64 4.98 2.38 2.64 4.25 4.50 9.01 7.73 0.86 1.15 1.06 1.61 0.23 1.14 0.58 2.83 0.66 1.15 0.50 0.01	7.3? 12.16 6.98 7.^ 9.66 3.98 10.53 18.63 6.99 25.70 14.16 12.83 8.26 12.58 5.87 8.44 18.54 6.67 6.00 5.85 10.45	15.99 15.83 6.99 11.57 12.76 8.84 16.47 33.45 16.70 28.86 15.80 9.80 15.49 23.53 7.55 12.26 17.51 6.97 10.97 8.81 6.85 80.85 0.00	20.05 20.62 7.85 8.19 12.95 11.47 18.89 7.09 12.52 10.87 6.17 7.46 9.17 7.40 9.54 22.99 6.84 9.53 6.08 0.59 8.54 4.20	19.27 16.71 13.73 5.86 10.85 8.72 8.04 6.14 9.99 23.53 19.21 6.24 3.86 3.28 4.10 6 02 2.67 5.13 1.06 8.14	62.69 64.82 85.05 32.80 46.82 83.01 48.93 65.31 46.20 71.42 53.51 37.45 49.14 24.10 34.34 65.06 23.15 31.63 21.80 21.03?
																	
West Point......................				0.79 2.23 2.55 "0.41 1.86 1.52 1.61 5.85 S.77 4.63 1.60 3.22 3.10 4.22 8.25 1.48 2.00 0.45 2.79	2.70 2.45 3.64 1.19 3.62 9.45 1.00 8.90 3.94 4.80 3.05 3.80 1.35 3.12 5.95 4.03 3.00 4.96 7.18 0.01												
																	
																	
																	
																	
																	
																	
																	
																	
																	
																	
																	
																	
Jefferson Barracks ., -...........																	
																	
																	
																	
Los Angeles....................																	
																	
 
 
222
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER
SUMMARY OF WEATHER
STATIONS.
Fort Hamilton.....
Fort Columbus.....
West Point........
Alleghany Arsenal.
Fort McHenry.....
Fort Monroe.......
Fort Moultrie......
Fort Brooke.......
Fort Barrancas (a).
Mt. Vernon Arsenal
New Orleans Barracks
Fort Washita.....
Fort Smith.......
Fort Gibson......
Fort Scott........
St. Louis Arsenal.
Fort Mackinac...
Fort Brady.......
Fort Snelling.....
Fort Leavenworth.
Matamoros.......
Vera Cruz (b).....
Monterey (c).....
WEATHER.
DAYS.
209
195
179
156
167
188
273
196
107
195
184
263
222
273
180
238
146
211
109
260
265
121
136
Cloudy.
 156
 170
 186
,209
 198
 177
  92
 169
  44
 170
 181
 102
 143
  92
 185
 127
 219
 154
 256
 105
 100
  93
 109
Rain.
 79
105
 78
125
 94
107
 77
 77
 36
104
 80
 72
 79
 56
 66
 71
 61
 84
 53
 37
 47
 73
 15
Snow.
DAYS.
17
19
14
14
13
 7
 0
 0
 0
 0
 0
 5
 1
 9
19
 4
26
33
19
16
 1
 0
 0
 32
 16
 29
 65
 20
 16
 58
 22
 21
 29
 47
109
 60
 15
 67
 55
 40
 32
 30
 12
 74
 75
 12
N. E.
66
62
47
38
77
63
48
54
11
74
35
25
15
61
36
46
58
33
67
25
27
10
30
 27
  7
  9
 37
 14
 59
 35
 70
 26
 21
 42
 38
135
 24
 36
 43
 33
 81
 43
  7
200
 22
  3
 16
 44
 59
 14
 68
 47
 36
 59
 15
 62
 24
 19
  3
 98
 34
 50
 35
 36
105
 41
 14
 25
  4
 31
 16
 32
 35
 22
 17
 66
 56
 25
 28
101
127
 53
 99
 84
 44
 27
 19
 75
100
 39
  9
  2
S.W.
 82
 85
 45
 45
 62
 64
 35
 38
 17
 56
 38
 11
 18
 32
 38
 39
 41
 37
127
 66
  3
  3
 36
  5
 47
 70
 38
 44
 61
 41
 16
 12
 45
 23
 71
  9
 38
 47
 50
 69
154
 20
  3
 19
 18
 85
128
120
 61
 63
 50
 24
 25
 13
 78
 32
 12
  8
 26
 31
 41
165
 58
 25
 93
  4
  4
138
(a) First five months.
(61 Observations for the last seven months.
(c Observations for the last eight months. 
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METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
227
								MONTH OF FEBRUARY, 1848.												
				WINDS.				WEATHER.									RAIN AND SNOW.			
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky. j Days.							Days.		a 0 % <	REMARKS.
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4 9		6 12		11	26	14 53		59 135		6.68 6.13		5.13 ! 7.10		6.26 ! 20 9			3	2 | 1.17		
4 7		4 ; 11		3	8	18	41	47 169		6.27 ! 5.79		5.48 ! 5.93		5.88 | 18 | 11			4 j 3 i 1.68			
3 8		7 14		8 ! 16		10	33	41 [146		4.71	5.46	5.25 j 6.75		5.54 i 17		12	4	4 i 3.98		
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7 ' 14		20	49	2	4	16	31	17 51		5.86	5.58	5.37	5.86	5.66	18	11	3	0	5.85	
11	14	15	33	20 ; 42		13	28	15 36		3.80	4.30	5.50	5.70	4.83	11	18	2	0	0.21	
10	15	33	43	13 j 20		8	7	23 47		2.96	3.17	4.86	4.75 3.93		9	20	7	0	5.17	
9	12	31	43	7 10		23	27	6 ' 7 1.93			3.35	4.45	5.18 3.73		13	16	6	0	1.28	
10	18	29	50	2	2	10	12	3 3		4.00	5.55	6.29	7.24 5.77		16	13	4	0	1.54	
0	0	10	11	2	5	26	34	5 8		4.65	5.00	5.10	5.93	5.17	16	13	2	0	1.00	
11	24	22	30	51	106	9	12	6 15		4.10	6.10	6.07	7.10	5.84	19	10	3	0	0.20	
8	22	10	17	13	31	19	35	21 30		3.37	3.17	3.37	3.27	3.29	11	18	2	1	0.25	
16	30	23	61	36	97	6	19	17	43	4.16	4.53	4.41	6.73 4.98		15	14	7	0	0.92	
12	14	12	15	12	20	25	63	13	15	4.68	6.17	6.82	5.96	5.90	18	11	5	0	2.96	
8		0		79		0		12									4	3		Weather obs. inac.
9	31	9	26	12	37	13	47	30 122 I 4.21			5.00	5.00	4.26	4.66	13	16	0	5	0.82	Therm, protected
10	12	6	7	13	19	19	30	19	37	4.12	5.30	4.17	4.15	4.43	11	18	1	8	1.83	
30	45	3	3	21	27	10	17	39	62	3.44	3.51	4.13	2.65	3.43	9	20	2	4	1.13	
12	19	20	40	23	36	23	37	21	49	5.58	6.75	7.24	7.51	6.77 i 20		9	3	2	1.40	
26 75		11	19	12	30	5	8	7	16	4.24	4.00	4.03	4.34	4.15	12	17	5	0		
2	3	5	9	7	14	38	50	5	9	5.60	5.50	6.30	6.50	5.98	20	9	5	0		
17	51	0	0	12	18	14	33	59 105		6.00	6.20	4.60	5.00	5.45	14	15	8	0	2.20	
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METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
249
MONTHLY, AND EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE FOR  184$.
Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	SULLlLLiei-.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.	LOCALITY.	
53.01	41.00	39.06										Rhode Island.	
55.00	41.19	39.98	48.28	70.61	53.38	35.60	51.97	92	5	40.0	47.0	New York.	
54.15	39.74	39.29	49.87	72.31	52.44	34.76	52.34	91	3	38.7	49.3	New York.	
51.17	37.41	36.20	47.89	. 70.38	50.02	32.78	50.27	90	0	39.7	50.3	New York.	
48.97	39.43	33.66	47.09	71.23	47.92	29.07	48.83	90	—17	41.2	65.8	New York.	
50.16	36.60	40.18	49.80	70.08	48.30	35.10	50.82	93	8	42.2	42.8	Pennsylvania.	
52.10	35.34	38.25	50.66	70.85	48.68	33.52	50.93	99	3	48.1	47.9	Pennsylvania.	
57.61	42.23	43.91	55.17	75.47	55.02	39.20	56.21	99	12	42.8	44.2	Maryland.	
59.11	46.22	51.79	56.77	75.62	58.20	44.34	58*. 73	93	18	34.3	40.7	Virginia.	
64.28	50.20	61.75		81.34	63.84	53.95		90	30			South Carolina.	
	63.17	71.59	71.42	80.81		65.77		96	32	....		Florida.	
65.59	51.19	57.98	66.30	76.98	63.18	55.86	65.58	92	26	26.4	39.6	Alabama.	
70.11 73.67	55.88 59.58	59.43	69.73	81.51	66.77 70.92	59.76	70.48	94	31	23.5	39.5	East Pascagoula, Mississippi Louisiana.	
69.69	54.13	58.04	i......	80.27	66.16	......	......	94		....		Louisiana.	
63.55	44.87	32.03	63.12	78.73	60.68	43.73	61.56	103	10	41.4	51.6	Indian Territory.	
60.93	42.93	34.01	61.64	77.84	57.53	42.32	59.83	94	14	34.2	45.8	Arkansas.	
62.39	43.81	30.48	60.38	76.82	56.07	41.81	58.77	93	10	34.2	48.8	Indian Territory.	
56.42	35.28	21.95	55.85	77.91	52.16	33.01	54.73	97	— 7	42.3	61.7	Kansas, (Western Missouri	)
54.46	37.98	31.68	54.87	75.99	52.09	37.05	55.00	92	— 5	36.0	60.0	Missouri.	
54.23	37.25	30.20	53.13	74.81	51.48	34.56	53.49	98	— 4	44.5	57.5	Missouri.	
54.81	39.98	41.27 20.73	56.29 36.22 38.12	74.79	52.85	38.34 20.76	55.57	96	— 9 —15 —21	40.4	64.6	Kentucky. Michigan. Michigan.	
50.19	25.68	8.62	44.37 53.29 74.29 52.74	67.20 70.38 57.51	43.28	15.01	42.46	90 88 86	—24 8 43 69 38 34	47.5	66.5	Minnesota. Kansas. Mexico. Mexico. Southern California. California. California.	
  Note.—The temperature observations for this year were defective or inaccurate at several stations.  At Carlisle Barracks, for certain
months, and at Fort Moultrie, for the entire year, the morning observations were  incorrect.   At JVho Orleans and Fort Brooke they
were irregular and often inaccurate.   At Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis Jlrsenal, and  Newport  Barracks  some months are in  error at
certain hours.
32 
1-50
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER
MONTHLY SUMMARIES OF AMOUNT OF RAIN, 1848.
STATIONS.	Jan. i Feb.		Mar. April. May.			| June.	July.	' 1 Aug. Sept. ! Oct. Nov. : Dec.					Spring.	Summer	Autumn	Winter. 8.87 7.45 10. S9 8.61 6.09 5.62 6.18 8.30 14.81 8.56 5.42 8.33 5.90 3.36 6.76 9.19 2.15 6.35	Year. 36.13 36.80 50.79 39.13 34.14 34.42 29.44 56.87 49.15 56.66 35.28 44.36 37.73 29.25 35.10 62.86 23.18 37.99
	i 2.20 1.75 1.S7 2.02 1.31 1.5S 0.77 0 75 0.36 3.90 5.42 1.3S 2.88 1.05 0.94 1.83 0.96 1.30 1.92 0.62 1.45 0.20 1.70	1.17 1.63 3.9S 2.27 0.50 0.94 3.20 5.85 0.21 5.17 1.28 1.54 1.00 0.20 0.25 0.92 2.96 0.S2 1.83 1.13 1.40 2.20	1.S4 2.23 2.71 3.22 3.20 2 70 3.18 1.75 0.05 3.50 1.97 1.70 3.74 3,12 2.53 1.94 5.56 0.83 0.97 1.71 1.50 0.47 2.40	1.75 1.16 2.90 1.40 2.45 0.95 0.81 1.39 3.80 1.23 2.78 3.92 7.91 5.64 5.21 1.96 1.50 2.93 1.36 1.30 0.18 0.91 9.25 0.70	9.32 7.2S 7.15 6.61 5.51 2.25 2.96 3.68 7.10 2.E0 2.15 4.75 1.97 5.92 4.52 7.33 2. 5S 9.94?	5.19 4.56 7.37 3.62 3.03 2.50 4.24 1.07 7.S5 10.59 6.35 9.36 8.60 4.30 4.90 4.50 1.85	1.S0 2.64 4.42 5.57 3.69 8.79? 4.24	0.94 1.41 0.49 2.9S 2.27 1.95 3.24	1.05 1.87 3.67 2.25 2.08 2.10 1.64 0.85 9.40	*0.80 2.95 6.61 4.43 3.44 2.11 3.28 7.35 4.13 5.25	3.55 5.43 1.82 i 3.50 1.59 . 4.02		12.91 10.07 12.76 11.23 11.16 6.47 8.25 12.65 3.58 8.43 10.64 11.58 15.30 12.85 11.82 6.02 18.43 4.35 6.41 7.17 5.91 9.72	7.93 8.61. 12.28 11.37 8.99 13.24 11.90 S.73 20.02 46.70 13.84 23.52 32.50 8.38 12.48 11.48 10. S9 15.59 27.83 10.62 13.06	6.42 10.07 14. S6 7.92 7.30 8.11 10.43 6.28 15.90 12.47 11.94 8.68 9.90 8.25 7.50 3.18 6.73 7.41 3.24 12.67		
West Point......................											6.76 2.23 3.11 2.73 1.44 1.30	5.04 4.32 4.88 4.76 3.10 2.21					
																	
Cai-lisle Barracks................																	
							4.19 ! 8.47 5.85 ! 6.32 21.21 14.80										
											1 25 *1.70						
											7.94 S.83 6.80 4.90 3.55 1.90 0.27_ 2.28 1.91 0.10 4.33	5.74 *1.86 7.60 2.50 4.45 4.65 2.17 4.01 5.27 ' 0.40 3.50					
							3.10 7.79 11.80 3.73 5.23 6.98 4.84	4.39 S.37 12.10 0.35 2.35 *0.00 4.20 4.25 3.31 3.19 3.05 0.00	2.99 1.54								
									0.80 0.50 2.45 0.90 *0.35 1.19 2.90 1.18 2.46 7.60	2.31 1.38 2.55 3.80 5.25 1.72 1.55 4.82 0.03 0.74							
																	
Fort Smith......................																	
																	
						7.33 | 4.01 lS.Ofi*! 5.56											
																	
					2.16 .... ... 4.14 ' ........												
																	
FortSnelling....................					1 5.2S 2.83		4.60 3.25										
					3.50 0.00	6 76											
																	
																	
																	
Incomplete, though embracing more than half the month. 
•
/
• 
252
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER
SUMMARY  OF  WEATHER
WEATHER.
STATIONS.
Fort Hamilton.......
Fort Columbus.......
West Point..........
Alleghany Arsenal...
Carlisle Barracks
Fort McHenry.......
Fort Monroe.........
Fort Moultrie........
Fort Brooke (a)......
Mt. Vernon Arsenal..
New Orleans B'ks. (b)
Baton Rouge B'ks. (c)
Fort Washita........
Fort Smith..........
Fort Gibson.........
Fort Scott...........
Jefferson Barracks ...
St. Louis Arsenal....
Fort Mackinac (d) ...
Fort Brady (e).......
Fort Snelling........
Fort Leavenworth....
Matamoros (/)......
Monterey (g)........
DAYS.
222
209
143
162
218
16c
212
259
175
177
161
117
232
227
203
178
212
245
 83
 77
139

 67
142
Cloudy.	Rain.
144	44
157	85
223	106
204	90
148	71
198	68
154	65
107	53
154	77
189	98
199	92
97	82
134	45
139	58
133	51
188	46
154	57
121	78
69	12
75	21
227	59
85	38
104	47
Snow.
10
 8
22
13
 4
 4
 3
 0
 0
 0
 0
 0
 0
 3
 2
11
13
12
15
30
33

 0
 0
 27
 29
 18
 78
 22
 35
 23
 79
 12
 42
 45
 22
105
 58
 19
 56
 36
 33
 11
 10
  9
 34
 21
  5
N. E.     E
47
54
18
35
22
40
65
33
37
48
26
70
17
14
27
55
32
47
21
13
36
19
14
 5
 19
  1
 38
 73
 12
 54
 54
 69
 20
 57
 11
 54
145
  8
 31
 13
 34
  8
 33
 10
 14
 20
  1
E.      S.
 20
 42
•39
 23
 30
 56
 42
 31
 48
 48
 38
 33
 18
  5
 23
 28.
 58
 42
 22
 13
 99
 30
 27
  9
 33
 19
 72
 28
 29
 24
 16
 66
 40
 67
 67
  4
110
 56
 53
 71
 71
 36
 12
  7
 23
 51
 47
 13
 81
 48
 38
 42
 23
 67
 59
 24
 25
 34
 12
 24
 16
 14
115
 49
 54
 45
 13
 17
 67
 57
  7
 48
 34
 52
 16
 62
123
 50
 59
 42
 25
 29
 39
  6
 23
 63
 24
 35
 52
 81
 19
 29
 19
 50
  6
 37
N. w.
 97
100
102
 61
.43
 72
 53
 28
 27
 67
 16
 41
 11
  6
 68
 40
 46
 44
 36
 21
104
 94
  4
102
(a) October and six days of September wanting.
(6) Six days in December wanting.
(c) Last seven months.
((7) First five months.
 (e) First five months.
(/) First five months.
(g) First eight months. 
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METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
259
MONTH OF MARCH, 1849.
WINDS.		WEATHER.		RAIN AND SNOW.
and sum of force.		Mean clearness of sky.	Days.	' i Days, j ~
S.	E.	S		S. w.		w	.	N.	v.	S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean. ;	._•	73 0 O	0	o	15
														in		s	r3	0 Ul i <	
14	27	18	i 25	4	7	21	38 5 13			4.97 4.39		4.29 ! 5.06		4.67	15	16	10	1 1	6.25
11	25	13	43	5	19	5	18	40 159 1		4.96 4.12		5.19 5.90		5.04	17	14	7	3 5.11	
13	38	0	0	9	33	9	14	36	110	5.00 ' 5.51		5.74 4.77		5.25	18	13	10	3	4.87
18	50	10	37	6	17	4	12	38	151	3.03 3.03		3.93	4.03	3.50 ! 9		22	13	3	4.55
3	..	26		18	"	17		50							14	17	7	2	1.19?
8	12	19	37	6	10	4	' 7	11	15	3.22	3.74	4.90	5.35	4.30	12	19	7	2	
17		2		13		3		48	69	5.48	5.84	6.48	5.03	5.70	20	11	3	2	2.62
2	2	6	11	23	37	17	50	9	21	2.74	2.96	3.70	5.16	3.64	10	21	13	2	3.85
7	15	16	40	2	4	19	42	32	104	5.45	5.87	6.45	5.90	5.91	18	13	7	3	3.84
7	34	11	30	12	29	25	54	26	83	3.80	3.80	3.80	4.06	3.86	10	21	9	2	6.05
21	32	13	49	2	4	16	31	24	110	2.38	2.80	3.12	4.38	3.17	7	24	9	5	3.63
21	36	4	7	4	12	0	0	17	34	3.19	3.29	2.32	3.13	2.98	8	23	8	2	4.06
5	17	49	45	7	14	12	30	14	39	3.40	4.40	4.90	3.80	4.12	11	20	9	0	0.89
4	12	13	44	13	27	22	59	10	46	6.90	7.35	8.32	8.90	7.89	20	11	3	0	1.50
19	16	13	33	22	51	31	47	4	8	6.32	6.09	6.45	9.00	6.96	24	7	2	0	
18	32	21	43	23	36	4	7	1	2	3.90	5.50	6.00	6.30	5.42	17	14	5	0	0.51
36	143	8	15	24	69	0	0	17	53	3.87	4.20	4.90	4.06	4.25	12	19	4	0	1.36
18	24	33	48	10	16	11	18	3	7	1.35	3.61	4.09	6.26	3.83	11	20	4	0	2.83
13	35	30	72	26	62	5	12	7	22	4.80	3.72	3.80	2.75	3.52	11	20	3	0	1.63
54	80	2	2	30	49	12	18	30	44	6.03	6.30	7.18	7.06	6.64	23	8	4	0	1.30
32	131	7	21	9	23	12	37	8	14	2.00	2.32	3.48	3.16	2.74	9	22	12	0	2.69
1	1	2	4	2	4	32	43	4	5	3.04	4.51	4.87	5.87	4.57	15	16	9	0	4.65
11	35	15	59	25	62	4	11	21	50	4.02	4.04	4.02	6.03	4.52	14	17	10	0	4.90
7	12	42	146	8	21	8	22	11	22	1.90	2.22	4.32	5.06	3.37	9	22	10	0	3.30
15	41	5	16	7	28	7	20	13	36	4.60	4.54	4.80	3.48	4.35	13	18	11	0	2.77
19	21	11	11	13	17	29	39	16	23	4.23	5.12	6.03 ,' 5.13		5.13	21	10	8	0	3.60
13	..	21		21		6		21							15	16	8	0	....
12	20	5	11	9	16	3	9	13	23	3.45	3.26	4.45 4.79		3.98	12	19	6	6	2.57
22	50	10	12	9	25	23	67	13	16	3.12	4.03	5.25 5.41		4.45 | 14 , 17			0	2	0.40
32	38	15	28	28	54	4	10	13	13	1.70	1.23	2.27 1.00		1.55	8	23	4	• 2	4.11
18	54	4	10	16	68	10	22	36	84	5.10	6.40	6.20 | 5.19		5.72	19	12	5	0	3.40
13		18	••	21	•■	15		10							16 19	15 12	2 6	1 7	6.12
 
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264
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH  OF  JUNE, 1849.
THERMOMETER.
Fort Preble............
Fort Trumbull.........
Fort Adams...........
Fort Hamilton.........
Fort Columbus........
West Point............
"Watervliet Arsenal
Madison Barracks......
Fort Ontario..........
Alleghany Arsenal.....
Carlisle Barracks.......
Fort Mifflin............
Fort McHenry.........
Fort Monroe..........
Fort Macon...........
Fort Moultrie..........
Fort Marion...........
Fort Brooke...........
Fort Barrancas.........
Mount Vernon  Arsenal.
New Orleans Barracks..
Fort Pike.............
Fort Towson..........
Fort Washita..........
Fort Smith............
Fort Gibson...........
Fort Scott.............
Jefferson Barracks......
St. Louis Arsenal.
Newport Barracks......
Detroit Barracks.......
Fort Mackinac.........
Fort Snelling..........
Fort Leavenworth......
Fort Kearney.. >.......
Fort Croghan..........
Santa Fe..............
Monterey..............
Mean Temperature.
S. R.
66.00
58.03
6:2.47
62.93
63.70
60.80
65.17
59.70
61.03
62.16
62.23
64.46
65.86
70.13
71.46
73.36
74.96
75.86
76.53
69.30
74.90
76.80
70.23
68.80
65.53
68.86
65.33
66.86
64.28
69.26
62.56
54.96
62.13
65.96
57.97
74.27
54.73
50.87
68.45
67.07
68.23
68.20
68.23
67.83
69.00
68.63
69.60
73.43
76.37
71.50
75.87
78.40
77.93
80.40
81.83
80.50
82.03
80.10
85.28
84.70
77.73
77.46
75.36
78.20
75.66
72.43
77.23
75.83
71.50
59.53
70.80
76.56
71.90
76.83

56.93
3 P. M.  | 9 P. M.
72.10
73.07
72.20
76.40
76.16
74.43
73.53
74.03
70.66
79.86
81.02
82.93
85.77
80.86
84.23
83.16
82.10
86.00
83.20
85.60
86.16
87.20
82.03
83.63
87.86
83.03
81.93
81.86
88.22
83.83
76.66
64.50
73.90
79.26
77.97
85.90
85.27
64.63
68.15
66.03
65.27
68.50
69.93
66.83
68.73
66.13
62.76
68.26
68.00
71.36
73.20
72.86
73.26
78.33
77.66
80.46
78.10
72.60
78.00
80.40
74.46
74.23
78.43
73.00
71.50
72.96
77.04
76.43
68.66
56.63
66.07
71.50
63.97
78.00
74.00
54.33
Mean.
68.92
66.04
67.04
69.01
69.50
67.47
68.12
67.12
66.01
70.95
71.92
72.56
75.17
75.56
76.72
81.31
79.14
80.71
79.96
76.90
81.08
82.27
76.11
76.04
76.80
75.77
73.60
73.53
76.69
76.34
69.85
58.90
68.22
73.32
67.95
78.75
71.33
56.69
Range.
Max.   Min
 89
 91
 89
 93
 90
 90
 90
 87
 86
 91
 95
 99
100
 96
 93
 92
 88
 91
 87
 95
 92
 94
 88
 90
 93
 90
 90
 84
 90
 93
 89
 81
 86
 86
 87
 96
 91
 92
50
50
52
51
52
49
49
49
51
52
53
53
55
62
60
72
71
70
67
60
70
71
63
62
47
59
56
57
54
56
53
40
46
58
50
62
48
46
Above
Mean.
20.1
25.0
22.0
24.0
30.5
22.5
21.9
19.9
20.0
20.1
23.1
26.4
24.8
20.4
16.3
10.7
 8.9
10.3
 7.0
18.1
10.9
11.7
11.9
14.0
16.2
14.2
16.4
15.5
13.3
16.7
19.2
22.1
17.8
12.7
19.1
17.2
19.7
35.3
Below
Mean.
No. of Observations
18.9
16.0
15.0
18.0
17.5
18.5
19.1
18.1
15.0
18.9
18.9
19.6
20.2
13.6
16.7
 9.3
 8.1
10.7
13.0
16.9
11.1
11.3
13.1
14.0
29.8
19.8
17.6
16.5
22.7
20.3
16.8
18.9
22.2
15.3
17.9
16.8
23.3
10.7
13
33
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« 
272                         METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
MONTH OF SEPTEMBER, 1849.
				THERMOMETER						WINDS.					
STATIONS.	Mean Temperature.					Range.				No. of Observations					
	S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.	N.		N. E.		E.	
	74.70 70.23 71.36 60.97 52.23 67.23 51.17 50.30 37.77	79.50 81.13 69.96 71.33 70.20 56.90 67.40 69.53	89.00 87.22 86.13 75.40 72.93 72.43 63.50 80.80 78.20	79.83 75.22 76.60 70.03 60.93 69.87 57.30 60.17 53.03	80.76 78.45 78.03 69.09 64.37 69.93 57.22 64.42 59.62	99 96 92 81 91 79 74 94 86	67 62 68 50 42 60 46 45 26	18.2 17.5 14.0 11.9 26.6 9.0 16.8 29.6 26.4	13.8 16.5 10.0 19.1 22.4 10.0 11.2 19.4 33.6	0 0 7 54 0 22	0 0 15 67 0	32 18 22 9 0 3	83 45 37 11 0	2 5 6 5 0 9	6 16 12 5 0
															
															
															
															
															
															
															
Cantonment Loring															
 
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
273
MONTH OF SEPTEMBER, 1849.
WINDS.										WEATHER.							RAIN AND SNOW.			
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		JS ti 0 0 % <	REMARKS.
S. E.		s.		s. w.		w.		N. W.		S. R.	9 A.M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	'3 Cm	73 0 O 5	o '3 ft	6s , § ' Ul		
84 8 16 6 4 1	204 16 28 7 10	4 0 6 4 67 41	11 0 8 7 126	0 9 10 4 29 6	0 10 20 8 85	0 0 23 10 31	0 0 34 13 16	7 1 20 14 5 0	13 2 41 32 9	4.83 3.7G 4.10 5.60 6.90 9.10	4.16 4.09 7.37 7.20 9.60	5.36 6.13 6.20 6.60 6.50 9.80	5.73 6.31 5.37 4.30 6.40 10.0	5.02 5.07 5.22 6.22 6.75 9.62	18 17 17 20 22 18 29 25	12 13 13 10 8 12 1 5	11 6 10 5 9 0 0 3	0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0	3.74 5.00? 0.00 0.00	Incomplete. Observ'ns at 2 p. m. Inaccurate,
35 
271
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER
MONTH OF OCTOBER,  1849.
STATIONS.
Fort Sullivan........
Fort Preble.........,
Fort Constitution ....
Fort Trumbull......
Fort Adams......,.
Fort Hamilton......
Fort Columbus.....
West Point.........
Watervliet Arsenal..
Plattsburg Barracks.
Madison Barracks...
Fort Ontario.......
Fort Niagara.......
Alleghany Arsenal ..
Carlisle Barracks ...
 Fort Mifflin........
•Fort  McHenry.....
Fort  Monroe.......
 Fort Moultrie......
 Key West..........
Fort Brooke........
 Mount Vernon Arsenal.
 Camp Twiggs.......
Baton Rouge Barracks
 Fort Towson.........
 Fort Washita........,
 Fort Smith..........
 Fort  Gibson.........,
 Fort Scott...........,
 Jefferson Barracks ....
 St. Louis Arsenal.
Newport Barracks.....
 Detroit Barracks......
Fort Gratiot..........
Fort Mackinac.......
Fort Howard.........
Fort Ripley..........
Fort Snelling.........
Fort Leavenworth ....
Fort Kearney.........
Fort Laramie........
Fort Croghan.........
Fort Gates...........
San Antonio..........
Fort Martin Scott.....
Fort Polk............
Fort Brown...........
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
S. R.
44.81
50.06
44.77
47.67
50.32
49.10
'49.22
45.55
43.42
40.83
44.58
41.58
46.48
44.67
44.80
48.58
52.54
56.64
63.96
77.19
72.06
56.84
62.65
57.03
49.55
49.25
48.12
43.54
41.90
46.19
42.52
49.58
43.71
38.70
40.74
38.25
35.09
40.19
43.94
34.84
32.60
58.77
56.03
69.68
53.03
71.29
66.78
9 A. M.   3 P. M.   9 P. M
48.90
53.54
49.03
50.90
53.22
51.65
52.48
50.68
47.49
45.03
48.96
47.77
50.23
49.80
52.17
56.87
58.87
.59.45
68.41
79.45
75.00
68.32
71.64
68.93
58.90
63.51
55.80
61.67
54.16
52.94
51.80
53.62
51.70
49.03
43.51
45.14
42.77
46.23
53.83
47.87
42.10
66.16
69.16
71.20
58.16
74.41
71.63
50.39
57.83
53.51
57.51
55.77
59.50
57.03
55.29
52.16
52.38
54.09
48.93
53.35
58.60
58.50
63.09
62.70
65.48
71.45
80.51
79.81
71.06
76.74
80.83
71.00
72.22
75.41
67.64
63.74
62.97
62.29
61.74
56.22
58.54
48.00
51.50
53.74
56.74
61.29
59.09
56.40
74.25
78.64
75.13
68.00
77.09
76.51
47.10
52.58
48.35
52.00
52.45
52.00
51.84
50.32
47.23
45.90
48.09
44.80
50.06
47.83
49.30
52.58
54.19
59.16
67.96
78.77
76.45
60.64
68.11
67.25
57.00
58.00
63.96
52.96
50.77
50.87
44.58
56.06
47.22
48.03
44.16
44.20
40.61
45.77
52.32
45.16
42.90
63.09
65.16
71.58
61.00
74.G7
69.12
Mean.
47.80
53.50
48.91
52.02
52.94
53.06
52.64
50.46
47.56
46.03
48.93
45.77
50.03
50.22
51.19
55.28
57.07
60.18
67.94
78.98
75.83
64.21
69.78
68.51
59.11
60.74
60.82
56.45
52.64
53.24
50.30
55.25
49.71
48.58
44.10
44.77
43.05
47.23
52.84
46.74
43.50
65.57
67.25
71.90
60.05
74.36
71.01
Range.
Max.	Min.	Above mean.
68	33	20.2
66	42	12.5
64	34	15.1
65	38	13.0
66	41	13.1
70	38	16.9
65	40	12.4
66	35	15.5
62	30	14.4
61	29	15.0
69	31	20.1
65	30	19.2
68	33	18.0
71	34	20.8
71	31	19.8
74	40	18.7
74	42	16.9
83	44	22.8
83	50	15.1
88	69	9.0
90	58	14.2
84	44	19.8
92	49	22.2
90	48	21.5
80	39	20.9
86	40	25.3
85	38	24.2
81	35	24.5
79	32	26.4
76	34	22.8
72	36	21.7
70	38	14.7
70	30	20.3
69	24	20.4
62	32	17.9
60	26	15.2
70	18	26.9
74	28	26.8
78	30	25.2
77	18	30.3
74	24	30.5
86	40	20.4
88	44	20.7
82	60	10.1
80	43	19.9
86	52	11.6
87	51	16.0
Below
mean.
14.8
11.5
14.9
14.0
11.9
15.1
12.6
15.5
17.6
17.0
17.9
15.8
17.0
16.2
20.2
13.3
15.1
16.2
17.9
10.0
17.8
20.2
20.8
20.5
20.1
20.7
22.8
21.5
20.6
19.2
14.3
17.3
19.7
24.6
12.1
18.8
25.1
19.2
22.8
28.7
19.5
25.6
23.3
11.9
17.1
22.4
20.0
No. of Observations
N.		N. E.		E.	
19	60	9	25	16	50
42	88	6	20	4	14
40	71	1	2	27	65
3	10	49	145	6	25
20	57	33	107	19	33
9	30	29	74	11	26
24	49	26	48	17	31
28	90	10	32	0	0
14		4		0	
9	15	13	30	2	3
24	56	9	24	5	8
0	0	18	56	0	0
24	94	19	78	19	61
8	17	19	28	7	9
8	17	10	13	19	32
23	45	12	19	13	25
8	22	16	22	0	0
10	16	18	36	9	15
27	42	19	37	7	10
21	105	24	107	26	100
8	14	37	77	34	59
0	0	29	67	2	8
32	60	25	54	5	12
0	0	31	40	41	75-
23	47	0	0	17	36
1	4	15	54	30	102
6	7	2	3	29	36
43	97	20	49	5	18
21	37	8	13	10	19
8	17	5	11	3	7
23	56	3	4	17	20
17	34	16	24	6	9
26	55	15	32	14	34
18	30	26	53	10	15
14	19	9	15	9	28
1	2	2	3	8	11
6	14	12	31	1	2
12	28	16	25	9	25
5	5	12	20	12	21
59	116	1	2	0	0
1	1	9	12	11	15
4	16	3	12	3	6
11	38	10	13	21	48
4	7	22	38	36	51
5	8	11	34	6	7
4	7	23	46	4	7
21	50	19	37	12	21
 
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2 80
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER
MONTH  OF NOVEMBER, 1849.
Fort Brown.......,
Ringgold Barracks.,
Fort Mcintosh.....
Fort Duncan.......
Fort Inge..........
Socorro............
Albuquerque .......
Las Vegas.........,
Santa Ft;...........
San Diego..........
Monterey..........
Benicia............
Camp Far "West....
Fort Steilacoom
Cantonment Loring
65.22
57.66
54.33
52.46
47.20
32.82
34.90
32.20
51.30
48.10
44.10
46.50
46.05
27.27
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
9 A. M.   3 P. M
71.00
70.20
68.03
61.73
62.39
41.20
51.40
42.67
58.20
55.10
46.10
51.73
48.06
35.33
73.00
82.20
78.20
75.75
74.41
50.44
56.30
47.97
62.80
64.23
48.20
58.00
48.11
41.60
P. M.    Mean.
66.66
79.33
63.90
60.91
56.90
40.70
50.70
35.53
53.30
53.37
46.20
50.25
45.04
34.50
68.97
69.85
66.11
62.71
60.22
41.29
48.32
39.59
56.40
55.20
46.15
52.25
46.81
34.67
Range.
Max.   Min.
82
90
90
70
67
61
63
73
64
69
60
62
52
38
36
34
29
21
18
  7
 38
 37
 32
 34
 27
-10
13.0
20.1
21.9
23.3
29.8
28.7
18.7
21.4
11.6
17.8
17.8
16.8
13.2
27.3
Below
mean.
17.0
31.9
30.1
28.7
31.2
20.3
30.3
32.6
18.4
18.2
14.2
18.2
19.8
44.7
No. of Observations
N.		N.	E.	E.	
12	17	1	1	7	12
12	16	6	21	24	47
1	1	3	6	0	0
29	58	3	5	21	42
17	32	5	6	0	0
14	19	4	7	6	8
6	11	7	28	3	9
7	7	7	8	4	6
54	104	9	19	4	8
8	33	33	110	17	47
30	72	3	8	0	0
6	6	9	13	2	2
14	••	4		7	••
 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.                          281
MONTH OF NOVEMBER, 1849.
WINDS.										WEATHER.							RADs	AND SNOW.		
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		.a _fl	REMARKS.
S.	E.	S		S.	iV.	W.		N.	W.	S. R.	9A.M.! 3P.M.		9 P. M.	Mean.	C	TJ 3	.5	o		
															rH	O	ft	Ul	nT,	
51	137	6	19	5	16	5	18	9	18	2.90	2.66 3.33		4.57	3.37	16	14	5	0	3.05	
23	42	12	35	9	17	6	11	0	0	5.40	7.20 i 7.80		7.90	7.07	22	8	2	0	0.32	
44	106	3	5	0	0	0	0	28	71	4.50	5.33	6.40	7.10	6.83	20	10	3	0	0.83	
19	39	14	22	3	6	7	18	12	31	4.83 4.56	5.50 5.51	7.30 6.82	8.10 7.13	6.43 6.00	21 20	9 10	3 5	0 0	1.20 2.05	
0	0	6	14	3	4	1	3	13	18	5.50	5.60	5.40	6.50	5.75	11	6	4	1	1.76	Last 17 days.
6	14	9	10	1	1	7	10	9	17	5.33	6.60	6.47	6.67	6.27	21	9	2	1	....	Inaccurate.
4	14	43	108	11	32	0	0	3	8	7.90	7.00	7.00	7.87	7.44	21	9	1	3		
11	15	5	8	25	28	29	32	23	38	7.63	7.78	8.13	8.33	7.97	17 19	13 11	2 7	6 0	3.00?	inaccurate.
4	12	22	47	11	27	0	0	9	15	....	....			....	12	18	7	0	0.61	
22	61	4	17	13	44	9	42	12	31	4.00	4.70	4.50	4.10	4.33	12	18	20	0	4.46	
16	41	59	169	5	17	3	12	1	2	3.90	3.93	4.10	3.46	3.85	12	18	17	0	6.41	
4	6	12	30	9	15	59	113	10	22	1.04	2.10	2.25	2.05	1.86	4	26	24	0	9.42	
8		74		3		7		3		....	....	....	....	....	10	20	4	6	....	
36 
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METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
283
MONTH OF DECEMBER, 1849.
		WINDS.									Mean c	WEATHER.					RAIN	AND SNOW.		
and sum of force.												learness of sky.			Days.		Days.		fl 1 <	REMARKS.
S. E.		S.		s. w.		W.		N.	W.	S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P.M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	ti rn	73 0 5	g '8 ft	Ss 0 c Ul		
2	7	7	17	17	36	40	126	22	79	1.30	1.58	2.77	2.19	1.96	7	24	5	10	2.47 ?	
0	0	2	9	2	5	31	62	33	61	5.09	4.74	4.41	5.29	4.86	14	17	2	11	3.95	
5	8	10	22	11	20	14	29	36	83	1.16	2.32	2.41	2.09	1.99	e	23	3	9	3.36	Weather inaccurate.
1	3	2	4	17	35	17	58	44	171	4.16	4.54	3.87	4.90	4.37	13	18	7	6	9.50	
2	12	7	18	11	20	58	58	37	56	4.84	5.22	5.48	5.32	5.21	18	13	9	3	3.85	
0	0	4	9	17	42	18	61	48	94	4.30	4.40	2.60	5.20	4.12	12	19	. 6	3	2.43	
2	8	5	8	4	10	23	63	54	161	3.51	4.26	3.48	4.00	3.81	12	19	7	4	4.01	
6	10	23	31	18	36	7	19	38	100	2.71	2.84	2.45	3.39	2.84	8	23	5	11	4.11	
0	..	34		10		55		19							13	18	4	4	2.98	
4	6	9	18	16	28	21	27	24	38	2.18	2.30	1.50	3.90	2.47	10	21	2	* 5	1.20	
7	10	14	37	4	12	39	120	12	45	1.90	1.70	1.83	2.51	2.00	4	27	3	12	4.85	
34	79	0	0	25	89	0	0	53	219	5.00	5.93	5.41	4.61	5.23	15	16	3	5	2.09	
5	11	6	11	13	33	37	121	20	80	1.17	2.90	2.60	1.29	2.00	8	23	7	10	2.91	
9	9	6	8	27	55	28	82	14	35	1.64	1.61	1.38	1.77	1.60	10	21	4	13	4.11	
7	13	2	5	5	8	39	94	31	98	5.10	4.25	5.80	5.28	5.10	15	16	3	8	3.83	
3	6	5	9	25	43	47	123	14	34	3.54	3.80	3.45	4.00	3.69	11	20	5	4	6.18	
0	0	8	10	12	21	32	57	38	88	2.64	2.38	2.90	4.25	3.04	9	22	5	7	4.44	
6	20	3	5	16	36	18	36	29	60	2.74	2.78	4.29	3.08	3.22	9	22	13	1	4.12	
4	15	12	35	25	52	25	53	17	43	3.83	3.77	5.58	5.74	4.73	15	16	10	0	1.08	
5	10	1	1	21	54	5	6	3	11	4.16	4.06	4.67	4.22	4.28	15	16	9	0	5.70	
10	15	15	22	15	21	17	33	7	14	4.29	4.87	5.96	6.96	5.52	17	14	7	0	1.13	
9	23	3	3	33	79	3	5	58	164	4.48	4.22	4.77	5.00	4.61	13	18	7	0	4.22	
18	30	15	26	6	10	7	8	14	15	3.70	3.58	3.74	3.35	3.59	12	19	5	0	2.50	
3	8	10	14	2	4	4	9	11	41	1.61	2.16	3.09	3.58	2.56	10	21	11	2	6.17	
8	22	5	15	12	37	17	58	13	50	3.16	3.61	4.38	4.56	3.92	12	19	9	2	2.67	
4	5	0	0	9	10	46	49	6	10	3.29	4.24	5.19	5.38	4.52	15	16	10	3	5.94	
4	13	5	13	10	21	2	2	31	85	2.93	3.77	3.58	5.25	3.88	14	17	5	2	2.90	
8	12	23	58	16	29	7	8	11	19	3.12	4.35	3.67	3.96	3.77	13	18	4	2	1.03	
2	4	48	94	8	19	1	4	4	9	3.23	3.65	3.45	4.25	3.64	11	20	4	2	1.52	
5	11	23	29	3	5	23	47	16	44	6.00	7.00	6.50	4.00	5.87	14	17	2	5	1.90	Weather inaccurate.
4	8	7	13	12	17	34	76	8	19	6.16	6.90	7.32	6.77	6.78	17	14	8	5	9.07	
8	17	10	26	6	14	43	122	21	46	....	....	....	....	....	10	21	4	10	0.90	
4	5	12	13	17	29	15	19	17	22	3.29	4.45	4.67	4.16	4.14	13	18	3	9	1.66	
19	41	10	14	15	19	23	56	32	60	2.06	2.80	2.70	2.29	2.46	7	24	0	7	0.51	
12	14	0	0	1	1	19	20	5	8	4.67	4.77	4.90	4.19	4.63	15	16	3	9	....	
23	79	6	12	8	24	32	98	26	85	6.61	6.29	5.80	6.29	6.25	14	17	0	10	0.67	
28	43	12	18	22	30	16	43	19	32	1.32	2.29	2.48	3.29	2.34	7	24	0	11	1.95	
17	35	25	45	4	7	19	46	10	29	2.48	3.70	4.80	4.70	3.92	12	19	0	6	0.56	
16	37	9	19	16	30	20	2S	16	42	4.84	4.45	5.03	5.71	5.00	18	13	0	1	0.10	
0	0	0	0	0	. 0	61	150	12	23	4.70	5.20	5.00	6.50	5.35	16	15	0	6	0.38	
8	24	2	12	30	91	13	31	28	124	2.19	2.90	4.29	4.96	3.58	14	17	5	3	1.90?	
18	39	13	33	29	55	3	3	25	71	5.00	5.38	5.48	6.20	5.42	18	13	4	2	0.90	
2	3	19	28	27	57	5	8	19	58	3.12	3.16	5.19	5.83	4.35	13	18	6	1	....	
15	35	11	17	24	43	4	7	17	39	7.90	7.48	7.45	6.78	7.40	17	14	6	1	1.22	
57	196	2	4	1	2	0	0	51	247	5.03	4.71	4.51	4.58	4.71	16	15	8	1	1.34	
39	100	9	19	1	2	0	0	10	20	1.33	1.72	2.60	3.60	2.31	13	18	7	0	0.74	
29	40	13	17	0	0	> 0	0	9	3	2.67	3.67	5.65	6.00	4.50	17	14	4	0	0.91	
 
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METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
287
MONTHLY, AND EXTREMES  OF  TEMPERATURE FOR 1849.
Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.
47.80 53.50 48.91 52.94 52.02 53.06 52.64 50.46 47.56 46.03 48.93 45.77 50.03 50.22 51.19 55.28 57.07 60.18 67.94 78.98 75.83 64.21 69.78 68.51 59.11 60.74 60.82 56.45 52.64 52.24 50.30 55.25 49.71 48.58 44.10 44.77 43.05 47.23 52.84 46.74 43.50	43.54 50.79 44.70 50.38 48.97 49.72 48.19 47.60 43.14 41.94 46.08 44.25 47.51 44.82 46.37 51.86 53.57 54.94 60.87 62.56 69.37 58.90 66.00 64.18 56.53 57.65 59.60 54.61 50.14 49.71 49.02 51.15 46.77 45.25 41.53 42.17 37.26 41.60 50.31 40.94 37.28 59.46	23.28 26.14 26.28 34.56 33.18 33.89 32.07 31.45 25.54 22.10 25.11 26.90 29.44 30.22 29.81 33.76 37.10 43.35 54.24 62.62 70.05 54.22 61.41 42.00 41.49 40.90 36.69 29.38 29.38 28.96 32.14 26.95 25.58 20.17 15.46 4.94 8.76 26.68 17.89 23.92 44.24	45.41 46.19 46.80 46.30 44.26 42.68 42.41 46.41 49.17 49.95 52.56 54.12 58.81 65.36 74.41 69.97 67.46 72.63 71.77 63.28 60.51 61.72 55.22 56.63 54.57 56.23 46.96 35.82 41.91 54.03 46.99	69.24 70.12 69.55 71.05 71.54 69.67 70.28 70.08 70.16 70.74 72.47 73.26 75.60 75.67 79.02 80.48 80.82 81.88 77.41 77.82 78.92 79.01 76.95 74.43 74.53 45.14 75.01 70.76 62.49 67.90 73.74 69.27	49.65 55.89 51.63 55J31 54.60 55.93 55.05 53.30 50.40 48.51 52.14 50.34 52.99 51.73 53.37 57.89 59.52 61.94 68.03 75.75 65.87 72.26 70.38 63.30 64.08 64.71 61.22 57.19 56.79 65.31 67.72 53.43 51.24 45.26 45.71 50.12 57.47 50.97 47.59	28.46 26.62 27.51 25.76 20.61 22.21 28.86 26.55 30.60 33.31 39.14 50.90 65.02 52.36 57.96 41.12 39.20 36.51 27.46 29.54 27.51 32.10 25.89 15.50 9.04 23.24 13.59	49.90 49.95 50.22 48.76 46.39 46.28 49.43 50.39 52.92 55.25 57.72 66.19 74.24 65.77 61.85 60.86 59.10 53.07 54.37 55.63 57.76 49.26 39.77 42.27 52.12 45.20	82 89 85 91 92 98 94 94 92 96 90 96 90 93 95 99 100 96 93 92 90 92 87 95 92 94 94 92 96 95 92 92 91 96 93 93 90 88 95 93 90 92	— 4 — 2 — 4 2 9 0 — 1 — 4 —16 — 7 — 3 — 5 7 — 4 — 9 4 6 12 20 26 30 30 18 35 23 24 14 14 0 — 2 — 3 0 — 4 6 —11 — 6 —23 —23 —32 —30 —25 __oo —10 21	41.1 48.0 43.8 45.3 45.6 49.7 43.6 44.6 46.1 44.7 38.3 25.8 17.8 29.2 34.2 34.1 $5.9 38.9 37.6 40.4 35.2 43.7 48.2 50.7 37.9 46.8	47.9 50.0 51.2 52.7 62.4 51.3 53.4 59.4 48.9 49.3 45.7 40.2 44.2 47.8 47.8 60.9 61.1 56.1 54.4 59.6 51.8 60.3 62.8 72.3 77.1 67.2
LOCALITY.
Maine.
Maine.
New Hampshire.
Rhode Island.
Connecticut.
IScw York Harbor.
New York Harbor.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
Pennsylvania.
Pennsylvania.
Pennsylvania.
Maryland.
Virginia.
North Carolina.
South Carolina.
St. Augustine, Florida.
Pilatka, East Florida.
Florida.
Florida.
Pensacola, Florida.
Alabama.
Mississippi.
Louisiana.
Louisiana.
Louisiana.
Indian Territory.
Indian Territory.
Arkansas.
Indian Territory.
Kansas, (Western Missouri
Missouri.
Missouri.
Kentucky.
Michigan.
Michigan.
Michigan.
Green Bay,  Wisconsin.
Upper Miss. River, Minn
Minnesota.           •   •
Kansas.
Platte River, Nebraska.
Upper Platte River, Nebra'a.
West F'k Trinity riv., Texas 
288                             METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
POSITION OF STATIONS, MEAN TEMPERATURES
STATIONS.	Lat.	Long.	Altitude above sea.	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June. July.		Aug.	Sept.
	O i	O '	Feet.									
	30 40	98 21							78.75 80.90		81.19	76.57
	31 56 29 25	97 26 98 25	1 200 ? ______						...... 80.48		79.34	
			• 800 ?									78.94
Fort Martin Scott____	30 10	99 05	1,300?								74.79	70.57
Fort Polk...........	26 06	97 15	15						.i 81 25		81 11	81.01
	25 53	97 35	50?									78.97
Ringgold Barracks...	26 37	98 26	200 ?									
	27 36	99 23	400?							86.38	84.60	80.76
	28 45	100 41	800?									
	29 09	100 03	1 000 ?									78 45
	29 22	99 33	900?								80.61	78.03
	34 10 35 06	106 50 106 38	4,560 5,032									
												69.09
	35 15	107 20	6,200?									
Santa Fe............	35 41	106 02	6 846	32 87	35 14	43 18	52.96	54 70	71.33		70 22	64 37
	32 45	117 14	150'							74 27	75.33 58 03	69 93
	36 36	121 52	140				... 61 77 56 69			fil 7l1		57 22
	38 03 38 33	122 08 121 20	64 100?								69.60	
							...... ...... ...			72.25		64.42
	45 40	122 30										
	45 20	122 24										
	47 10	122 25	300									
Cantonment Loring ..	43 04	112 27	4,800								63.39	59.62
  * For November and December the post was at Marysville, Camp Far West, in the same valley, and at a distance of about 45 milea
northward.
• 
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
289
MONTHLY, AND EXTREMES OF  TEMPERATURE FOR 1849.
Oct.
65.57
67.25
71.90
60.05
74.36
71.01
72.97
71.19
68.55
62.20
65.93

56.95

48.90
64.15
58.91

63.96
47.97
44.56
49.59
53.66

62.21
62.22
61.09
56.65
53.89
52.81
53.67
36.90
38.22
35.43
33.46
51.04
50.87
47.95
45.58
34.60
35.42
36.29
22.50
Spring.
50.28
Summer.
80.28
58
81
67.47
58.12
50,
63,
57,
60.00
47.42
33
82
 96

 90

 89
 90
102
103
 91
 78
 82

102
Min.  | Above  Below
     ! mean, i mean.
19
20
 34
 34
 32
 32
 31
 23
 30
  6
  5
 10
- 6
 34
 32
 32
 28
 18
 21
 22
-16
Near the Colorado riv., Tex.
Leon river, near Brazos, Tex.
Southwestern Texas.
Near Fredericksburg, Texas.
Pt. Isabel, n'rmth. Rio Gi'de.
Brownsville, Low. Rio Gr'de.
Rio Grande, (town,) Texas.
Laredo, Texas.
Eagle Pass, (R. Grande,)Tex.
Leona river, Western Texas.
Rio Seco, Western Texas.
Valley R. Graiide, New Mex.
Valley  R. Grande, New Mex.
Near San Jose riv., New Mex.
New Mexico.
Southern California.
California.
Inner bay of San Francisco, Cal.
Valley  Sacramento river, Cal.
Columbia river, Oregon.
Mth. Willamette riv., Oregon.
Puget's Sound, Wash. Ter'y.
Near Fort Hall, Lewis' Fork
    of Columbia, Oregon.
  Note.—Forts Worth, Graham, Gates, Croghan, Martin Scott, San Antonio, Lincoln, and Inge, form a chain of posts stretching from
the northeast diagonally across the State of Texas, and succeeding each other in the order named, at the first considerable elevation of
the interior plateau above the lower plain or the sea.  San  Jlntonio  and Fort Martin Scott differ most in altitude and climate.   The
precise altitude of this border of the plateau is known only at a few points, but it cannot differ largely from the numbers here given.
  Forts Polk, Brown, Ringgold Barracks, Mcintosh, and Duncan, succeed in this order from the mouth of the Rio Grande in the ascent
through its lower valley.
37 
290
METEOROLOGICAL    REGISTER
MONTHLY SUMMARIES OF AMOUNT OF  RAIN, 1849.
STATIONS.
Fort Sullivan..........
Fort Preble............,
Fort Constitution.......
Fort Adams...........
Fort Trumbull.........
Fort Hamilton.........
Fort Columbus.........,
West Point.............
Watervliet Arsenal.....
Plattsburg Barracks.....
Madison Barracks......
Fort Ontario...........
Fort Niagara..........
Alleghany  Arsenal.....
Carlisle-Barracks.......
Fort Mifflin............
Fort McIIemy.........
Fort Monroe...........
Fort Macon............
Fort Moultrie..........
Fort Marion...........
Key West..............
Fort Brooke...........
Fort Barrancas........
Mount Vernon Arsenal .
East Pascagoula.......
New Orleans Barrackst.
Fort Pike.............
Baton Rouge Barracks..
Fort Towson...........
Fort Washita.........
Fort Smith.............
Fort Gibson...........
Fort Scott.............
Jefferson Barracks.....
St. Louis Arsenal.......
Detroit  Barracks.......
Fort Gratiot..........
Fort Mackinac.........
FortSnelling...........
Fort Leavenworth.....
Fort Kearney..........
Fort Laramie........
Fort Crrghan  .........
Fort Gates.............
Jan.
Mar. [ April
1.65

0.44
0.61
1.03
0.65
1.16
2.43
1.09
0.T1
1.02
1.T0
o.n
0.25
0.59
2.89
3.55
2.30
3.20
2.65
4.35
2.19
3.26
3.41
7.59
2.2S
0.64
1.00
2.90
3.2T

2.12
2.26
2.0T
1.15

1.31
1.31
2.69
1.15
2.10
2.00
1.45
0.95
2.44

2.45
3.26
6.20

2.65
1.76
o.ss
0.18
0.37
0.55
1.01

0.27
0.61
0.60
6.25

5.11
4.87
4.55
1.19?
3.85
3.84
COS
3.63
4.06
0.89
1.50
0.51
1.36

2.83
1.63
1.30

2.69
4.65
4.90
3.30
2.77
3.60
2.57

0.40
4.11
3.40
6.12
0.52
0.62
0.90
1.01
1.65

0.83
0.68
1.64
0.S7
0.98
2.53
0.50?
1.00
3.06

2.43
2.14
2.50

6.96
8.45
2.17
5.38
1.53
4.OS
2.90

1.99
5.62
2.40
7.SG
May.	June.
4.26	2.30
3.75	0.82
3.47	0.78
6.10	1.08
5 53	5.52
1.89	2.07
3.00	1.66
5.83	2.84
3.16	1.72
4.04	2.26
4.18	1.50
3.11	0.70
2.07	0.71
4.60	2.60
	4.24
2.29	3.59
6.11	9.25
8.01	3.79
5.60	2.60
	6.21
14.61	4.00
8.40	6.79
7.52	9 17
12.20	3.49
2.00?	5.85
6.39	15.70?
2.10	3.96
2.60	1.20
6.57	3.14
5.10	2.26
10.74?	4.00
July.
Aug. : Sept.
1.17  0.50
0.40?| 7.21
 1.35
 1.67

 2.76
 1.43
 3.15

 0.95
 0.91
 0.69
 2.63
 1.26
 0.45
 2.16
 2.06
 4.13
 7.13
 7.60
 3.47

 8.74
 7.45
14.56

11.09
 6.30
10.92
10.76
13.40
 7.90
 8.72
 5.77
 7.70
13.67
 2.35
 1.80
 2.89
 7.59
 6.03
 7.7U
3.70 | 3.00
 4.07
 3.33

 3.01
 4.63
 4.84

 3.60
 4.06
 1.61
 7.21
 3.26
 1.43
 7.36
 2.55
 1.98
 0.69
10.80
 8.70
 1.46
 6.32

11.15
 5.94
5.38
3.57
4.00
1.95
3.70
2 62
4.72
7.95
4.35
4.70
5.11
9.60
5.80
6.05
5.24
2.70
1.89
2.36
7.01?
2.84
1.55
0.48
0.67
0.70
6.51
2.26
5.00
1.26
0.96
0.48
1.90
1.99

4.70

3.26
3.55

0.65
2.12
2.24
2.54
3.74
1.65
2.05
0.56
4.84
3.96
3.25
1.12
1.60
2.75
7.56
0.27
0.21
1.20
Oct.	Nov.
1.86	2.55
4.50	5.30
6.01	3.50
7.07	4.52
L2.43?	5.ess
4.50	1.45
5.63	1.88
7.63	2.31
5.34	1.61
4.20	2.30
5.21	4.99
6.30	2.77
4.14	3.65
3.86	3.97
4.63	0.84
6.52	2.25
6.27	1.06
2.91	4.86
3.99	0.71
10.18	
1.74	0.77
13.00	10.54?
4.82	*1.83
6.00	5.03
3.66	2.91
4.42	2.50
2.00	3.70
4.05	4.40
3.86	3.78
1.85	2.02
2.80	3.35
6.00	1.82
4.20	0.96
1.70	1.43
5.C5	1.40
3.44	2.80
1.80	0 10
2.72	0.24
1.30	1.40
4.09	3.50
Spring.  Summer.
2.47
3.95
3.36
3.85
9.50?
2.43
4.01
4.11
2.98
1.20
4.85
2.09
2.91
4.11
3.83
6.18
4.44
4.12
1.13
2.50
6.17
2.67
5.94
2.90
1.03
1.52
1.90
0.90
1.66
0.51
1.95
0.56
0.10
0.38
0.90
12\ 61

 9.38
 0.96
11.55
 7.73?
 7.27

10.51
 7.68
11.73
 8.68
 8.15
 5.49
 6.60?
 3.80
10.53
13.27
 9.37
24.26
21.50
14.59
20.88
 6.30!
14.67
 7.57

 4.99
16.30
10.90
24.72?
7.30

6.59
6.84
9.07


7.04
 7.36
 3.60
11.78
 6.11
 6.81
 8.53
21.00
16.44
20.54
21.40
16.64
21.59
11.88
18.27
87.32?
10.66

 9.20
20.33
14.09
17.75

 7.10
 9.65
12.50
11.40
13.95
23.32?
 8.79
 9.06
10.42
 7.62
 7.20
16.71
11.33
12.79
 9.09
 6.43
 9.25
 9.23
 9.76
24.19?
 8.77
13.27
 9.11
10.66
 7.35
10.50
 8.20
 8.71
10.11
11.07
 6.28
 4.73
 9.50
13.80
 2.17
 8.17
 3.90
8.77

4.99
6.8S
7.21
5.40

7.85
6.23
9.58
6.61
7.92
9.55
11.90

 7.97
12.05
 5.97
 4.27
 5.30
10.04
 4.19

 1.42
 3.56
 4.06
29.75
31.74
38.25
34.81
23.94
42.84
30.63
32.64
79.23
64.29
57.54
52.65
83.23
38.58
71.54?
33.49

20.34
4:i. 69
42.85 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.                               291
MONTHLY SUMMARIES  OF AMOUNT OF RAIN, 1849.
STATIONS.	Jan.	Feb.	Mar.		April.	May.	June.	July.	Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn	Winter.	Year.
San Antonio.................... Fort Polk....................... Fort Brown..................... Ringgold Barracks.............. Fort Mcintosh.................. Fort Duncan.................... Fort Inge....................... Monterey....................... Benicia......................... Sacramento..................... Fort Vancouver................. Oregon City..................... Fort Steilacoom.................							0.00	2.95 0.00 0.00	0.10 2.25 4.70 0.00 0.00	6.12 4.65 8.86? +4.48 3.74 0.00 0.00	3.00 2.04 2.34? 3.02 0.46 0.01 0.20	5.53 0.22 3.C5 0.82 0.83 1.20 2.05 0.61 4.46 6.41 9.42	1.22 1.84 0.74 0.91 0.35 0.42 2.30 3.45 5.20 6.00 9.09 8.25		0.00	14.65 6.91 14.25? 7.82 5.03 0.62 6.61	....	
* First 28 days.     j First 23 days in July.      J Last 20 days. 
'292
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
SUMMARY  OF  WEATHER
WEATHER.
STATIONS.
DAYS
Fort Sullivan (a)  ....
Fort Preble (6)......
Fort Constitution (a) .
Fort Adams.........
Fort Trumbull (a) ...
Fort Hamilton.......
Fort Columbus.......
West Point..........
Plattsburg Bar'ks (a) .
Madison Barracks (c).
Fort Niagara (a).....
Alleghany  Arsenal...
Carlisle Barracks
Fort Mifflin.........
Fort McHenry.......
Fort Monroe.........
Fort Macon (d).....
Fort Moultrie........
Fort Brooke.........
Barrancas Bar'ks(e)..
Mt. Vernon Arsenal..
Fort Pike (/).......
New Orleans B'ks. (e)
Baton Rouge Bar'ks
Fort Washita......
Fort Smith........
Fort Gibson.......
Fort Scott.........
Jefferson Barracks .
Detroit Barracks...
Fort Gratiot (a)....
Fort Mackinac.....
Fort Ripley........
FortSnelling......
Fort Leavenworth..
Fort Kearney......
Fort Laramie (g)  ..
Fort Croghan......
San Antonio.......
Fort Polk.........
Fort Brown (g)....
Fort Mcintosh.....
Monterey.........
Fair.
 63
105
 73
215
128
209
212
134
 90
148
 93
161
244
174
151
163
132
277
227
120
172
 67
117
179
163
205
189
146
170
171
 96
165
109
143
199
217
 82
117
111
138
 59
113
 03
Cloudy.
121
 99
111
150
117
156
153
231
 94
158
 91
204
122
191
214
202
103
 88
138
 93
193
136
106
125
202
160
176
219
195
194
 88
200
 75
222
166
148
 40
 67
 73
 46
 63
 71
101
Snow.
 32
 37
 50
 79
 78
 66
 80
102
 32
 74
 54
108
 68
 87
 84
105
 53
 78
 73
 47
 90
 51
 57
 70
106
100
 94
 87
 93
 92
 43
 47
 37
 67
 .64
 49
  3
 25
 36
 35
 32
 34
 20
14
11
 9
19
 6
12
14
38
 6
17
12
28
20
12
19
 8
 6
 0
 0
 1
 1
 0
 1
 2
 5
 6
 4
 5
 8
35
11
24
14
25
11
12
12
 2
 1
 1
 0
 0
 0
WINDS.
DAYS
23
45
52
36
 9
32
38
77
18
39
24
57
18
41
36
29
50
84
12
29
18
 9
24
12
31
14
69
58
37
57
29
43
12
29
32
64
 4
 6
 7
 4
15
 4
53
14
 6
 6
33
40
68
63
23
10
27
12
53
24
38
61
93
34
37
55
18
46
16
17
38
64
15
47
49
32
75
27
41
 7
32
49
33
 8
10
32
11
 6
11
26
15
 7
18
41
 7
27
28
.3
14
20
24
32
85
42
13
53
15
35
90
29
 6
35
44
39
65
98
29
34
74
47
 7
34
 8
29
35
35
13
 4
22
 5
14
 1
S. E.
  6
 14
  8
 33
 21
 16
 29
 44
 29
 19
 10
 22
 33
 25
 54
 30
 15
 23
 66
 27
 84
 26
 18
 82
 70
 22
 42
 35
 54
 28
 11
 38
 27
 81
 73
 35
  2
 20
 44
 97
 37
112
32
17
43
75
 6
36
27
70
43
66
31
32
30
46
34
24
43
35
23
58
17
28
46
21
44
 7
33
87
62
27
32
40
32
52
50
79
 1
29
43
21
 6
 4
27
s. w.
 13
 15
 8
 26
 43
 60
 41
 35
 18
 47,
 17
 85
 14
 46
 47
 37
 43
 50
 37
 21
 74
 42
 12
 48
 39
32
 49
 40
 30
 25
 29
 46
24
 61
29
46
 5
73
 16
 13
 2
 0
 24
 27
 52
 22
 89
 17
 24
 50
 16
 26
 41
 35
 44
112
 88
 45
 49
 10
 61
 53
 12
  4
 14
 20
 24
 30
138
 14
 30
 34
 63
 20
 56
 35
 25
 28
 38
 51
  4
  4
  1
  5
  0
 11
 14
 33
 22
 31
 35
101
 88
 96
 18
 24
 16
 39
 48
 39
 75
 49
 22
 39
 27
  9
114
 20
  6
 20
 20
 17
 82
 31
 41
 42
 17
 67
 21
 56
 66
 33
  9
 10
  9
 30
  7
 35
 11
    (a) Last six months.
(e) First seven months.
  (6) Last seven months.         (c) Last ten months.        (d) First eight months.
(/') First seven months, (last nine days of January wanting.)        (g) Last four montlis. 
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.                                293
OBSERVATIONS FOR 1849.
WINDS.
No. of observations and sum of force.
N.		N.	E.	E.		s.	E.	S.		S.w.		w.		N. W.	
91	260	57	139	60	182	24	65	127	373	54	121	no	252	55	188
182	369	25	65	27	58	57	142	67	128	61	138	209	355	134	210
209	376	26	60	71	164	33	70	173	309	31	65	90	177	90	192
144	283	131	385	166	267	131	256	299	486	105	232	358	698	126	352
38	108	160	448	29	96	86	172	24	46	173	343	67	171	141	429
128	380	271	623	109	240	66	146	144	339	240	702	97	306	405	1340
153	341	253	596	112	219	118	259	108	251	163	339	200	441	353	945
310	927	94	284	12	30	177	432	281	617	140	295	63	172	383	1191
74	123	41	75	56	92	115	232	171	307	74	113	104	172	73	119
156	320	107	188	81	114	75	137	263	536	189	412	165	411	97	255
96	344	48	169	96	286	39	97	124	307	69	176	142	425	63	222
228	334	214	268	130	141	90-	128	127	208	340	711	176	491	155	383
74	181	95	186	342	606	131	224	119	297	57	101	450	901	192	621
164	391	151	381	168	329	100	235	185	347	183	400	354	824	155	434
144	291	246	472	51	81	216	253	135	284	189	310	179	334	300	697
116.	208	371	714	213	398	121	205	97	188	150	279	195	300	197	367
202	555	136	314	61	114	62	122	172	318	174	373	39	90	94	160
336	989	147	463	142	418	94	261	141	440	200	517	243	588	157	453
50	92	222	451	361	594	265	476	92	191	148	313	212	354	110	221
118	197	72	105	118	172	110	195	232	455	85	150	47	75	35	70
72	136	186	446	23	54	335	1007	70	111	298	794	17	33	455	1226
36	86	66	138	140	290	103	182	114	231	163	302	57	100	81	211
97	189	69	106	177	243	73	101	183	275	49	73	82	111	23	39
47.	94	153	263	158	286	329	542	85	157	191	347	96	180	82	217
126	370	257	845	262	812	282	908	176	521	157	539	120	381	80	238
55	102	60	84	394	552	90	132	30	41	126	160	552	728	67	100
275	653	188	406	115	305	168	448	132	375	195	470	58	115	329	746
232	436	197	326	136	194	141	269	350	869	159	387	121	241	123	269
150	382	129	322	296	599	216	530	247	563	119	337	138	346	165	414
227	462	301	562	187	360	112	206	108	253	102	188	254	599	169	363
117	187	109	179	27	37	45	62	128	173	117	205	82	121	69	107
171	274	165	297	135	298	151	262	162	254	184	371	224	539	268	571
49	134	28	80	31	93	110	363	129	370	97	327	140	454	85	292
116	233	129	181	118	202	323	459	208	336	243	402	100	186	223	508
130	229	197	466	142	283	294	828	202	420	118	349	112	253	265	652
258	384	133	133	142	142	142	142	316	394	185	208	151	151	133	133
17	18	33	41	52	64	9	13	3	4	20	29	203	360	36	68
24	102	41	121	17	41	81	201	117	252	294	615	16	37	39	119
30	74	130	317	87	134	176	327	173	271	66	117	17	22	38	76
18	44	45	120	21	52	387	1147	84	258	51	122	3	6	119	482
61	147	25	49	56	106	147	361	25	58	7	19	19	64	30	78
15	30	43	109	5	11	449	1200	17	38	0	0	0	0	141	315
214	357	106	204	32	57	33	86	108	257	97	185	44	78	46	87
 
294
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
MONTH OF JANUARY, It
STATIONS.
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
S. R.
 Fort Sullivan..........
 Fort Preble............
 Fort Constitution......
 Fort Adams...........
 Fort Trumbull.........
 Fort Hamilton........
 Fort Columbus.........
 West Point............
 Watervliet Arsenal
 Plattsburg Barracks
 Madison Barracks......
 Fort Ontario..........
 Fort Niagara..........
 Alleghany Arsenal.....
 Carlisle Barracks.......
 Fort Mifflin...........
 Fort McHenry.........
 Fort Monroe...........
 Fort Moultrie..........
 Fort Shannon, Pilatka..
 Fort Brooke...........
 Mount Vernon Arsenal.
 New Orleans Barracks .
 Baton Rouge Barracks .
 Fort Towson..........
 Fort Washita..........
 Fort Smith.............
 Fort Gibson...........
 Fort Scott.............
 Jefferson Barracks......
 St. Louis Arsenal......
 Newport Barracks......
 Detroit Barracks.......
 Fort Gratiot..........
 Fort Mackinac........
 Fort Brady............
 Fort Howard..........
 Fort Ripley...........
 Fort Snelling..........
Fort Leavenworth......
Fort Kearney..........
Fort Worth...........j
Fort Gates..........
Fort Croghan........
Fort Martin Scott___
San Antonio........
Fort Polk...........
 19.68
 21.35
 21.12
 30.68
 30.22
 32.00
 29.7 7
 28.00
 18.16
 18.58
 21.96
 23.96
 27.51
 30.58
 26.51
 29.87
 34.38
 41.35
 50.93
 48.87
 66.74
 51.29
 54.43
 54.64
 41.32
 40.63
 36.96
 37.25
 30.64
 29.77
 28.67
 33.93
 26.00
 23.74
 22.03
 18.12
 18.32
 2.29
 9.60
 25.80
 17.51
 43.00
 48.00
 46.41
 43.96
 48.78
64.32
9 A. M.   3 P. M
 24.80
 23.00
 24.83
 31.77
 32.48
 32.96
 31.90
 30.42
 21.74
 20.58
 24.96
 26.12
 29.61
 32.77
 29.74
 36.41
 38.12
 42.80
 54.38
 53.19
 69.1G
 54.G4
 60.03
 G2.32
 43.16
 46.00
 44.09
 41.29
 34.50
 33.48
 33.09
 36.12
 31.60
 30.06
 23.42
 20.41
 21.32
 6.58
 12.30
 28. G7
 22.48
 50.54
 53.38
 56.58
53.26
55.69
66.09
 27.22
 28.38
 29.59
 36.29
 37.74
 39.03
 36.35
 34.03
 28.38
 25.16
 29.64
 30.96
 32.46
 38.16
 35.54
 42.03
 42.77
 47.45
 59.83
 56.93
 74.35
 64.06
 65.80
 73.70
 54.41
 56.80
 57.22
 49.29
 40.10
 39.77
 40.39
 41.38
 35.70
 34.41
 26.45
 27.53
 28.29
 15.83
 19.80
 34.29
30.90
58.90
 69.48
65.45
65.06
70.39
69.41
 24.41
 26.03
 26.03
 34.64
 32.83
 35.00
 33.10
 30.55
 21.83
 21.49
 23.64
 28.06
 29.52
 33.30
 28.75
 32.70
 37.45
 43.77
 54.45
 55.74
 71.55
 55.58
 56.98
 60.35
 45.51
 44.83
 47.74
 40.77
 33.41
 33.16
 34.00
 38.45
 29.80
 29.51
 22.77
 21.35
 19.25
 7.09
 13.43
29.22
20.80
47.41
54.00
48.12
53.80
54.27
67.16
 23.88
 24.69
 25.39
 33.34
 33.31
 34.25
 32.78
 30.75
 22.52
 21.45
 25.05
 27.27
 29.77
 33.63
 30.13
 35.25
 38.18
 43.34
 54.89
 52.87
 70.45
 56.30
 59.31
 64.01
 46.10
 47.06
 46.50
 42.15
 34.66
 34.04
 34.03
 37.47
 30.77
 29.43
 23.66
21.80
21.79
 7.94
 13.81
29.49
22.92
49.96
56.21
54.14
54.15
57.28
 66.74
 40
 42
 48
 54
 57
 52
 50
 58
 42
 43
 42
 43
 56
 55
 57
 65
 65
 71
 77
 79
 76
 79
 82
 70
 73
 74
 66
 54
 52
 55
 60
 49
 50
 35
 41
 42
34
35
49
57
 75
85
80
80
 82
 78
    0
    1
    8
   16
   14
   17
   16
   17
— 2
— 5
— 3
    8
   18
    7
— 4
   10
   12
   18
   32
   32
   54
   30
   34
   38
   29
   38
   19
   21
   7
   8
   14
   10
   12
— 2
   8
— 6
—11
—26
-16
   4
— 2
  28
  34
  28
  28
  36
  46
Above
mean.
 14.1
 15.3
 16.6
 14.7
 20.7
 22.7
 19.2
 19.3
 35.5
 20.5
 18.0
 14.7
 13.2
 22.4
 24.9
 21.7
 26.8
 21.6
 16.1
 24.1
 8.5
 19.7
 19.7
 18.0
 23.9
 25.9
 27.5
 23.8
 19.3
 18.0
21.0
22.5
 18.2
20.5
 11.3
19.2
20.2
26.1
21.2
19.5
34.1
25.0
28.8
25.9
25.8
24.7
 11.3
Below
mean.
 23.9
 23.7
 17.4
 17.3
 19.3
 17.3
 16.8
 13.7
 24.5
 26.5
 28.0
 19.3
 11.8
 26.6
 34.1
 25.3
 26.2
 25.4
 22.9
 20.9
 16.5
 26.3
 25.3
 26.0
 17.1
 19.1
 27.5
 21.2
 27.7
 26.0
 20.0
 27.5
 18.8
 31.5
 15.7
27.8
32.8
33.9
29.8
25.5
24.9
22.0
22.2
26.1
26.2
21.3
20.7
No. of Observations
6. 15
 37
 98
 36
 45
 11
  0
 19
 40
 18
 61
 18
 48
139
  0
  0
  9
 50
 33
 24
 15
  1
 95
 36
 73
 35
 42
 32
 22
 15
 16
 14
 42
 26
 27
 57
 30
 59
 12
 0
 21
 19
  6
  3
 13
 18
 46
 19
 26
  7
  0
  0
 12
 10
 14
 17
  5
 12
 14
 26
 16
 31
 20
 25
 12
 12
 2
 9
 3
 17
 6
 0
 10
 8
 13
23
 4
 5
10
 1
 7
13
11
23
 4
 0
 4
22
 6
 2G
  4
 23
 53
164
 49
 51
  9
  0
  0
 21
 25
 44
 33
  7
 25
 43
 35
 61
 51
 43
 36
 20
 15
 5
 28
 4
 30
 14
 0
 10
 13
 23
 45
 4
 11
 14
 3
 9
 13
25
59
 6
 0
 9
 52
 17
46	70
3	5
10	18
15	15
53 59	97 178
19	23
27	81
16	19
23	45
7	8
13	27
21	43
11	15
13	35
52	149
15	22
31	76
14	24
13	13
11	28
5	14
3	6
2	2
1	1
10	20
5	14
 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
295
MONTH OF JANUARY, 1850.
WINDS.										WEATHER.							RAIN AND SNOW.			
aud sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		0 0 a	REMARKS.
S. E.		s.		S. W.		W;		N. W.		S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P.M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	-S:	C-, 73 0	0 'ei	o		
11 1 37															rn	o	«	Ul	<	
		13	27	1	0	22	47	28	85	1.38	2.09	2.93	1.93	2.08	6	25	2	11	3.83	
1 6		1	3	2	2	16	24	25	34	4.61	5.22	5.16	5.16	5.04	13	18	2	10	4.85	
3	13	3	7	2	5	25	39	24	43	2.00	2.93	3.06	1.64	2.41	8	23	2	9	6.14	
9	24	6	6	27	51	32	56	18	52	5.09	5.19	5.42	5.16	5.22	16	15	6	4	5.24	
3	7	0	0	10	30	17	48	37	127	4.35	4.87	5.29	6.09	5.15	15	16	6	8	10.18	
2	4	13	25	11	37	4	10	58	194	4.30	5.20	4.90	4.80	4.80	17	14	3	8	4.69	
5	8	'8	1G	3	5	9	17	38	93	4.19	4.80	4.16	5.09	4.56	15	16	10	3	5.57	
1	1	27	35	9	16	10	17	23	57	2.29	2.87	3.09	4.26	3.13	10	21	8	8	6.06	
1	4	26	63	3	6	49	115	27	74	6.00	5.48	5.48	5.42	5.60	15	16	2	5	1.81	
0	0	44	78	0	0	28	45	0	0	2.19	2.15	3.50	2.25	2.52	9	22	5	1	1.10	
3	5	23	49	23	44	25	66	4	9	3.80	3.77	3.54	3.41	3.65	13	18	6	8	3.16	
11	14	0	0	56	120	0	0	47	123	5.25	6.32	6.48	6.09	6.04	16	15	2	4	1.68	
3	9	9	14	23	74	30	102	15	37	1.28	2.13	2.00	3.00	2.11	9	22	6	7	4.01	Therm, protected.
2	3	8	17	8	25	20	48	4	10	2.51	1.90	2.45	3.90	2.69	10	21	11	4	3.76	
6	8	5	10	1	2	40	68	14	50	5.20	5.13	6.00	5.27	5.40	16	15	6	6	4.28	
0	0	7	14	23	49	24	53	28	54	3.61	3.93	3.41	3.87	3.71	14	17	7	3	4.29	
3	10	2	3	4	13	7	29	11	42	3.00	2.71	2.41	4.03	3.06	11	20	5	4	3.58	
6	15	4	12	13	28	26	40	14	24	3.03	3.35	3.06	3.84	3.32	12	19	11	1	4.32	
5	11	19	69	27	95	3	13	15	51	3.54	3.50	3.35	4.90	3.82	14	17	12	0	2.95	
8	14	0	0	8	10	4	8	8	10	5.51	5.32	5.45	5.45	5.43	18	13	7	0	8.03	
16	24	9	18	15	30	11	19	1	3	5.61	5.80	5.87	6.84	6.03	19	12	7	0	1.44	
13	29	23	39	6	16	2	3	40	57	3.29	3.70	4.03	4.32	4.84	11	20	12	0	9.59	
6	10	26	57	8	17	10	15	15	27	2.97	3.00	2.68	4.87	3.38	12	19	11	0	7.40	
11	11	31	40	13	17	7	8	9	11	2.38	2.77	3.38	2.90	2.86	8	23	14	0	16.62	
3	9	3	8	1	2	9	18	7	17	2.19	2.74	4.19	4.80	3.48	12	19	8	0	4.03	
3	12	11	38	12	41	19	57	4	16	3.88	3.77	5.03	5.83	4.63	16	15	6	1	3.10	
16	25	1	1	13	13	61	70	5	7	4.93	6.70	6.00	5.G7	5.82	18	13	6	1	2.87	
3	11	9	26	5	20	2	7	17	36	3.84	3.80	4.80	6.06	4.62	13	18	2	3	1.41	
6	14	37	78	10	18	15	28	8	14	2.90	2.20	2.14	3.27	2.63	9	22	5	4	1.59	
0	0	69	199	5	22	1	4	0	0	3.23.	2.94	3.81	4.32	3.57	12	19	6	4	1.65	
4	5	38	46	10	18	18	49	8	14	3.06	5.20	6.13	1.13	3.88	17	14	3	3	2.09	
5	8	21	32	8	13	35	72	9	38	7.70	7.80	7.90	7.50	7.72	16	15	7	4	10.57?	Inaccurate.
8	15	20	47	5	14	14	34	20	43	5.73	7.22	7.80	3.90	6.16	14	17	2	10	1.58	Clearness inaccurate.
12	21	5	13	17	45	28	53	15	39	4.35	5.03	5.35	5.32	5.01	16	15	3	7	1.35	
21	41	21	38	11	32	29	61	12	17	1.80	1.93	2.29	3.09	2.28	7	24	1	8	0.37	
18	51	3	11	10	47	13	68	11	43	1.27	2.90	2.22	2.28	2.17	7	24	2	16	1.83	•
7	24	5	7	11	24	28	54	7	14	1.96	2.51	3.51	3.83	2.95	8	23	3	8	....	
22	48	7	20	3	7	34	104	12	27	5.38	5.74	4.64	4.25	5.00	15	16	1	8	1.36	
20	49	21	44	31	69	3	9	15	43	1.40	2.30	2.40	3.30	2.35	7	24	1	11	1.67	
27	33	14	22	6	9	6	6	24	39	2.45	2.90	3.54	3.87	3.19	14	17	3	4	1.10	
3	9	22	44	15	31	17	26	7	17	3.61	3.71	4.32	3.87	3.88	14	17	0	6	0.47	
22 | 61		9	42	27	84	14	43	12	35	3.19	3.77	4.12	5.00	4.02	12	19	4	0	0.60	
3	4	34	64	13	31	15	35	12	38	3.51	4.35	5.82	4.74	4.60	16	15	4	0	....	
11	18	11	14	48	69	5	5	31	58	5.96	6.51	7.00	6.12	6.40	23	8	4	0	1.00	
28 51		11	27	10	19	4	6	40	81	3.42	3.74	4.67	5.90	4.43	14	17	6	0	1.07	
20 | 34		22,	48 :	21	45	4	9	15	53 .	7.S4	8.27	8.84 ,	6.42	7.84	19 >	12 ■	6:	. 0	t0.64;	Clearness inaccurate*.
65	213	0	. 0	5	10	0	0	33 |	125	4.22	3.70	5.54	4.74	4.55	15	16	9	0	0.53	
 
296
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH  OF  JANUARY, 1850.
STATIONS.
Fort Brown.......
Ringgold Barracks.
Fort Mcintosh.....
Fort Duncan......
Fort Inge.........
Fort Lincoln......
Socorro...........
Albuquerque ......
Cebolletta.........
Las Vegas.........
Santa Fe..........
San Diego........
Monterey.........
Benicia...........
Camp Far West....
Vancouver.........
Oregon City.......
Fort Steilacoom. ..
Cantonment Loring
S. R.
56.42
56.45
52.38
48.58
45.83
49.00
27.50
26.70
27.30
29.50
20.60
46.09
40.00
43.30
39.50
35.13
35.68
33.06
20.67
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
9 A. M.
62.51
63.41
60.16
56.48
52.48
54.00
38.00
37.10
35.10
46.19
31.16
52.09
50.00
49.00
44.70
37.78
38.48
35.93
23.81
8 P. M.
67.70
75.67
72.00
71.75
68.20
67.00
57.00
42.00
43.50
47.71
44.67
57.16
61.00
50.10
49.30
42.29
40.61
38.41
28.58
9 P. M.
63.35
66.41
58.58
57.72
53.15
58.00
S6.50
35.00
33.50
29.22
24.56
49.67
46.00
47.10
42.70
37.34
37.29
36.10
24.19
Range.
Mean.  ,  Max.
62.49
65.48
60.78
58.63
54.91
57.00
39.75
35.20
34.80
38.15
30.25
51.25
49.25
47.37
44.05
38.14
38.01
35.87
24.31
79
78
62
49?
60
62
65
63
68
64
62
51
49
47
48
  44
  40
  36
  37
  29
  40
  12
  12
  12
  10
— 2
  34
  32
  32
  26
  19
  20
  23
— 6
Above
mean,
16.5
22.5
17.2
29.4
23.1
21.0
22.3
13.8
25.2
23.8
34.7
11.7
18.7
16.6
18.0
12.9
11.0
11.1
23.7
Below
mean.
18.5
25.5
24.8
21.6
25.9
17.0
27.7
23.2
22.8
28.2
32.3
12.3
17.3
15.4
18.0
19.1
18.0
12.9
30.3
WINDS.
No. of Observations
124
  0
 65
  5
 11
 10
 27
N. E.
31 
Co
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METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.                   299
							--	---	MONTH OF FEBRUARY, 1850.												
				WINDS.							WEATHER.							RAIN AND SNOW.			
and sum of force.											Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		43 fl 0 1	REMARKS.
"	S. E.		s.		s. w.		w.		N. W.		S. R.	9 A. M.	8 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	'3	>> ■o 0 o 5	«	o 0 Ul		
	4	8	12	26	11	19	18	39	33	74	1.67	2.14	2.67	2.46	2.24	6	22	7	7	2.32	
	5	12	4	10	4	8	37	64	32	54	5.71	6.21	6.07	6.42	6.10	14	14	6	5	3.20	
	0	0	14	31	12	24	22	37	24	41	1.82	3.10	3.85	1.53	2.58	6	22	6	3	2.72	
	14	40	6	19	29	79	19	36	11	43	6.50	5.89	6.28	6.68	6.34	15	13	4	1	3.51	
	12	37	2	7	21	74	16	52	44	131	6.10	5.85	5.75	7.25	6.24	16	12	7	2	5.48	
	3	7	10	29	24	58	14	57	41	163	6.10	6.60	7.00	6.80	6.62	19	9	5	1.	1.74	
	3	8	11	17	9	14	27	49	43	129	6.28	6.32	5.67	6.60	6.22	18	10	7	1	2.64	
	7	18	20	36	8	22	3	8	48	145	5.43	4.82	4.39	5.11	4.94	14	14	6	5	3.33	
	0	0	15	69	11	35	42	172	23	87	4.78	5.32	5.96	5.00	5.26	13	15	5	4	0.40?	
	6	7	21	42	20	22	12	19	19	30	3.90	3.11	3.15	3.25	3.35	11	17	3	4	0.98?	
	8	15	20	41	18	43	26	88	6	15	4.21	3.96	3.60	4.92	4.17	10	18	7	4	3.55	
	35	79	0	0	34	60	0	0	35	126	5.30	5.71	6.82	5.32	5.81	14	14	2	6	1.08	
	3	4	16	36	26	70	28	105	23	69	2.75	2.82	3.25	4.25	3.27	9.	19	3	8	0.67	
	10	19	7	12	34	98	12	26	8	28	3.28	2.92	3.35	4.89	3.61	11	17	5	6	3.45	
	6	10	9	19	0	0	37	107	20	70	8.10	7.26	8.12	6.26	7.'44	15	13	5	3	2.76	
	8	19	19	34	24	58	27	90	19	61	5.57	5.28	5.53	5.85	5.55	13	15	6	1	2.52	
	5	14	8	33	13	64	15	70	16	81	4.28	4.21	4.71	5.89	4.77	16	12	6	1	2.43	
	2	5	7	19	13	36	35	75	16	41	4.96	4.75	5.50	6.00	5.30	17	11	9	2	2.20	
	6	19	11	42	30	130	16	64	10	41	3.82	4.25	4.46	6.64	4.79	12	16	10	1	2.83	
	2	2	0	0	21	36	12	15	13	41	2.51	3.00	5.28	5.00	3.95	9	12	5	0	3.03	Last 21 days.
	5	10	6	8	18	31	25	53	4	9	4.14	5.74	5.78	7.46	5.78	17	11	6	0	5.92	
	12	16	7	10	19	34	5	8	23	40	4.62	4.35	4.64	5.85	4.86	13	15	7	0	4.81	
	8	14	9	19	25	44	12	22	19	41	4.43	4.93	4.75	6.68	5.20	14	14	6	0	4.53	
	10	19	21	29	8	14	28	38	10	25	4.82	5.60	6.10	6.04	5.64	12	16	8	0	7.45	
	8	15	10	18	4	7	10	24	11	33	2.75	2.75	2.67	4.75	3.23	9	19	7	0	4.07	
	12	48	21	73	11	34	37	135	9	35	3.78	3.67	3.78	5.64	4.19	11	17	4	3	0.68	
	10	19	1	1	14	15	46	49	5	5	6.10	7.42	7.10	6.35	6.74	19	9	4	1	0.95	
	3	13	13	43	11	36	5	9	28	73	5.71	5.10	4.42	5.32	5.16	15	13	4	1	3.17	
	10	15	22	51	8	15	10	18	21	41	2.27	3.19	4.90	3.25	3.40	14	14	5	3	1.52	.
	0	0	41	143	-5	17	0	0	0	0	3.25	4.18	3.75	4.64	3.96	12	16	4	6	3.22	
	5	9	17	21	11	18	23	63	14	48	4.75	6.21	6.75	1.21	4.73	13	15	4	6	3.00	[inaccurate.
	8	12	23	33	6	12	21	41	9	31	7.20	7.90	8.10	7.00	7.55	15	13	4	5	11.81	Rain and clearness
	0	0	23	37	8	22	10	31	24	55	5.00	6.80	6.50	3.92	5.56	10	18	6	6	1.56	
	5	7	5	9	24	63	26	74	17	44	4.71	5.39	4.35	4.67	4.78	12	16	3	G	1.02	
	10	15	6	10	22	45	21	50	17	25	2.82	3.60	3.39	4.28	3.52	9	19	0	5	0.06	
	21	60	13	25	12	34	8	22	20	85	4.00	3.16	4.70	3.13	3.75	11	17	2	7	0.83	
	6	11	13	30	10	39	34	76	9	21	6.00	6.17	4.82	6.21	5.80	15	13	3	5	....	
	39	97	1	2	15	45	13	43	25	75	6.62	5.96	6.78	7.35	6.68	15	13	0	5	0.91	
	12	26	9	13	26	59	19	61	16	35	4.00	5.14	4.60	5.78	4.88	14	14	2	4	0.83	
	10	16	17	19	3	5	12	30	25	40	4.50	4.50	4.67	5.39	4.76	14	14	3	3	2.21	
	5	13	12	21	12	22	10	16	23	60	5.07	4.03	5.07	5.21	4.85	15	13	1	3	0.06	
	15	41	18	55	12	46	11	24	8	34	5.17	5.35	5.17	6.28	5.49	18	10	4	1	0.30	
	6	17	35	93	9	33	3	9	21	75	4.35	4.89	5.78	6.10	5.28	15	13	3	1	....	
	21	40	8	23	36	56	4	8	17	37	7.28	6.85	7.10	6.39	6.91	20	8	4	1	0.90	
	21	60	12	36	16	34	2	5	31	114	3.61	5.28	5.53	5.57	5.00	15	13	7	1	0.69	
	23	60	11	31	18	54	2	4	16	63	5.13	8.93	9.25	6.17	7.37	16	12	5	0	2.07	Clearness inaccurate
	50	157	5	12	4	12	1	2	11	35	4.75	5.39	5.39	7.10	5.66	15	13	1 3	0	3.80	
 
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METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.                         301
MONTH OF FEBRUARY, 1850.
WINDS.										WEATHER.							RAIN	AND SNOW.		
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		43 C fl 0 la <!	REMARKS.
S. E.		S.		s. w.		W.		N. W.		S.R.	9 A. M.	3 P.M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	'3 Uh	■a 0 5	0 'S	o 0 Ul		
9	29	24	43	3	3	5	6	9	33	3.39	4.67	6.32	5.32	4.92	16	12	3	0	0.61	
38	79	2	2	5	6	5	6	26	67	3.42	4.89	5.75	4.07	4.53	18	10	5	0	0.72	
19	44	7	17	5	12	2	4	12	43	4.39 4.21	5.25 5.85	6.89 6.46	7.92 5.50	6.11 5.51	18 19	10 9	4 7	0 0	0.12 0.71	
25	30	25	26	4	4	6	7	7	10	2.50	3.00	4.38	4.20	3.52	12	16	..		....	
10	14	32	68	1	2	15	19	15	20	7.00	8.00	7.50	8.50	7.75	23	5	2	1	0.52	
4	10	28	60	3	13	11	36	7	18	6.18	6.28	6.04	7.50	6.30	20	8	2	2	0.05	Temp. inac. at 9 p.m.
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6	10	6.40	8.30	8.50	7.80	7.75	20	8	1	6	1.10	
4	10	2	7	41	160	25	81	14	65	4.01	4.50	4.75	3.50	4.19	13	15	0	4	....	Temp, inaccurate.
16	30	5	5	5	6	8	11	51	69	6.11	6.75	7.60	7.54	7.00	17	11	1	5	1.26	
15	42	4	5	8	25	8	16	10	26	4.50	5.07	6.03	7.04	5.66	18	10	8	0	1.13	
3	6	19	28	2	4	3	6	9	18	1.78	2.17	1.96	2.07	2.00	12	16	4	#4	2.00	*Hail.
2	5	6	23	20	51	15	39	11	32	6.00	6.40	7.50	8.43	7.08	20	8	5	tl	1.68	t Sleet.
4	8	47	102	3	9	0	0	1	1	8.90	9.30	9.00	9.60	9.20	19	9	7	0	0.60	Clearness inaccurate.
12	23	10	23	7	13	2	6	4	4	1.28	2.75	4.50	4.18	3.18	7	21	12	0?	2.60	
7	7	4	5	27	74	14	17	20	35	1.80	2.12	4.40	5.38	3.42	8	20	13	1	4.83	[30 inches.
0	0	46	109	0	0	6	17	1	3	3.46	3.40	4.15	5.21	5.06	10	18	0	9	....	Mean depth of snow
 
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304                               METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
MONTH  OF  MARCH, 1850.
STATIONS.
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
S. R.
9 A. M.
Fort Brown............   65
Ringgold Barracks......   61
Fort Mcintosh.........   57
Fort Duncan
Fort Inge. ..
Fort Lincoln
Socorro.....
Albuquerque
Cebolletta...
Las Vegas...
Santa Ft?....
San Diego ..
Monterey ...
San Francisco.....,
Benicia...........
Camp Far West....
Fort Vancouver.
Fort Steilacoom. ..,
Cantonment Loring
69.77
69.58
69.09
64.82
59.32
63.15
45.83
45.40
45.80
49.35
43.75
58.09
51.70
51.41
52.17
50.50
35.80
41.10
22.61
P. M.   9 P. M.
77.87
84.06
80.87
80.12
74.26
74.12
63.41
54.90
56.60
49.51
57.50
60.38
62.60
53.31
58.25
57.50
44.70
45.20
33.09
69.77
68.93
67.25
64.88
61.22
62.00
50.50
52.90
43.20
35.12
33.72
52.64
46.00
49.33
50.09
47.60
36.13
38.70
26.29
Mean.
70.61
70.95
68.62
66.19
61.86
62.32
48.74
46.20
45.25
41.28
40.94
54.87
50.67
49.79
51.20
49.20
37.12
40.51
25.23
Range.
Max.   Min
100
101
 94
 89
 85
 76
 62
 65
 66
 66
 77
 78
 77
 78
 78
 59
 62
 50
 42
 35
 34
 36
 30
 30
 22
 21
 25
 15
 13
 39
 32
 37
 35
 29
 25
 30
-10
Above
mean.
15.4
29.1
33.4
27.8
27.2
22.7
27.3
15.8
19.8
24.7
25.1
22.1
27.3
27.2
26.8
29.8
21.9
21.5
24.8
Below
mean.
28.6
35.9
34.6
30.2
31.8
32.3
26.7
25.2
20.2
26.3
27.9
15.9
18.7
12.8
16.2
20.2
12.1
10.5
35.2
No. of Observations
N.		N.	E.	E.	
0	0	11	31	2	5
8	31	10	20	10	21
9	33	27	47	5	7
17	45	8	23	38	84
18	34	3	3	7	7
22	31	14	26	12	16
23	47	8	18	6	13
7	10	14	19	0	0
4	8	7	24	8	24
3	3	17	20	6	6
10	22	6	12	2	4
46	85	8	15	3	5
1	2	2	7	11	40
42	84	5	11	7	8
3	5	16	24	65	119
11	12	8	11	8	10
25	30	0	0	17	21
 
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METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
313
MONTH OF MAY, 1850.
WINDS.											WEATHER.						RAIN	AND SNOW.		
and sum of force.											Mean clearness of sky.				Days.		Days.		73 0 0 1 -fl	REMARKS.
S. E.		S.		S. W.		W.		N.	W.	S. R.	9 A.M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	'rt Ch	t» 0 o 5	g '3 X	is o 0 Ul		
27	77	11	22	10	26	2	3	25	84	4.83	5.87	6.77	7.26	6.18	18	13	9	0	3.45	
30	97	12	27	37	118	3	9	9	38	9.90	9.33	9.57	6.66	8.86	23	8	7	0	3.22	
68	170	4	8	14	30	5	10	12	28	6.83	7.25	6.41	7.41	6.97	23	8	7	0	2.20	
71	227	7	16	1	2	0	0	7	21	5.87	5.06	6.29	5.35	5.64	20	11	7	0	4.55	
64	149	2	3	2	0	1	2	11	28	4.51	6.12	6.70	4.29	5.41	21	10	9	0	3.70	
31	69	27	48	6	11	2	5	1	4	5.03 4.67	6.96 5.45	7.29 6.80	7.38 6.81	6.67 5.93	22 19	9 12	5 5	0 0	1.00 1.07	
42	53	20	31	2	2	6	8	18	26	2.00	3.00	4.00	3.00	3.00	15	16	5	0	2.50	Clearness inaccurate.
24	45	32	65	10	20	1	1	7	16	7.50	7.00	5.50	7.00	6.75	18	13	9	0	0.12	
12	39	25	63	11	28	6	20	6	18	7.00	6.61	4.90	6.09	6.15	22	9	6	0	0.21	
14	36	2	2	2	5	2	4	6	12	6.30	7.30	6.10	7.10	6.70	20	11	7	1	0.23	
17	37	16	37	8	19	1	2	3	6	6.50	8.30	8.00	4.00	6.70	16	15	6	2	....	Temp, in error at 9
0	0	0	0	14	32	59	117	5	8	3.80	4.10	3.30	2.60	3.45	11	20	2	2	2.40	[a. m.
30	75	6	13	8	24	26	79	15	50	1.58	4.40	5.48	3.80	3.82	11	20	0	0	0.00?	
0	0	7	11	8	20	39	81	10	19	7.16	8.00	9.61	9.35	8.53	25	6	1	0	0.00	
0	0	0	0	0	0	6	29	114	402	6.25	6.24	7.14	6.19	6.46	18	12	0	0	0.00	
4	11	102	173	0	0	1	1	2	5	9.60	9.80	9.86	9.90	9.79	29	2	1	0	0.01	
3	4	20	34	16	29	46	73	16	32	7.73	8.26	9.06	7.73	8.20	23	8	2	0	0.40	
1	1	0	0	3	10	5	8	36	67	5.60	5.40	6.10	6.70	5.95	17	14	3	0	0.30	
     Note.—At Fort Preble,  Watervliet, Fort Ontario, Carlisle Barracks, St. Louis Jlrsenal, Newport  Barracks,  Fort Mackinac, from
 May, 1850, Fort Ripley, and San Jlntonio, the scale of notation of clearness is too  high as used  for a considerable period, and  two or
 three of these are quite incorrect in this observation.   At Fort Sullivan to July,  1850, Plattsburg Barracks, Forts Barrancas, Toioson,
1 Brady, Leavenworth, &c, a scale much too low is usually employed.
     This note applies to most of the records at these posts in 1849, 1850, and 1851.
40 
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316
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF  JUNE, 1850.
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
Fort Martin Scott......!   66.16
San Antonio....,......!   74.54
Fort Brown............   75.50
Ringgold Barracks.....   74.86
Fort Mcintosh........'   73.80
Fort Duncan..........   71.95
Fort Inge.............   69.50
Fort Lincoln..........   70.90
Socorro...............   58.50
Albuquerque...........   54.01
Cebolleta......
Las Vegas......
Taos..........
San Diego.....
Monterey......
San Francisco..
Benicia........
Fort Vancouver ■
Fort Steilacoom
53.00
52.60
49.00
59.66
51.43
53.90
57.08
52.85
53.30
9 A. M.
72.96
81.87
83.73
87.73
86.70
80.48
78.90
77.80
74.50
72.00
77.60
78.50
63.33
67.60
59.93
59.10
72.37
6fc53
62.00
85.13
87.72
85.66
98.26
91.86
90.61
86.33
87.40
89.88
81.00
81.40
75.80
78.28
68.96
62.26
62.20
84.37
71.45
71.23
9 P. M.
69.53
79.30
76.83
79.83
80.50
80.11
78.96
71.00
71.50
76.04
63.40
49.80
62.20
59.80
53.26
54.90
65.25
57.45
57.90
73.45
80.61
80.43
85.17
82.23
80.78
78.42
76.77
73.59
70.76
68.85
64.18
63.20
64.00
56.72
57.20
69.77
61.32
61.11
 96
 96
 92
105
100
 98
 96
 95
104
 91
 95
 95
 84
 74
 68
 70
103
 88
 84
Range.
58
70
70
70
69
65
60
60
45
45
44
38
50
56
47
49
51
44
46
Above
Mean.
22.5
15.4
11.6
19.8
17.8
17.2
17.6
18.2
30.4
20.2
26.2
30.8
20.8
10.0
11.3
12.8
33.2
26.7
22.9
Below
Mean.
15.5 '
10.6
10.4
15.2
13.2
15.8
18.4
16.8
28.6
25.8
24.8
26.2
13.2
 8.0
 9.7
 8.2
18.8
17.3
15.1
WINDS.
No. of Observations
N.		N.	E.	E.	
2	2	5	9	4	9
0	0	23	64	10	32
0	0	1	1	0	0
0	0	0	0	11	32
0	0	6	8	22	37
4	8	14	41	28	55
1	1	2	2	8	10
12	35	11	17	3	9
20	42	12	33	18	49
1	1	0	0	8	12
8	12	3	7	7	13
7	10	1	3	8	17
8	19	1	2	6	17
4	4	0	0	0	0
6	20	0	0	0	0
0	0	0	0	0	0
8	12	13	22	11	20
35	53	18	36	2	5
 
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METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
321
MONTH OF  JULY, 1850.
				WINDS.							WEATHER.						RAIN AND SNOW.			
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		r_ .5 .5 a <	REMARKS.
S. E.		S.		S.	w. 40	w.		N.	w.	S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	'3	■o 0 o O	a	* o o to		
41 108		21	63	17		2	5	2	4 6.51		6.83	7.22	8.45	7.25	23	8	6	0	1.71	
35	80	30	50	13	28	o	0	3	7 , 7.90		8.35	9.06	7.80	8.28	31	0	5	0	3.10	
116 174		0	0	8	16	0	o	0	0 7.93		7.90	8.22 8.90		8.24	27	4	6	0	1.16	
104 322		2	2	4	10	0 j 0		°	0	5.77	5.96	5.74	7.77	6.31	24	7	4	0	0.17	
91 214		2	6	0	0	0 0		°	0	6.12	7.16	6.93	4.96	6.29	26	5	3	0	1.19	
26 51		28	59	2	4	0	0	0	0	6.09	6.96	8.35	8.38	7.45	26	5	6	0	2.85	
53	102	29	50	2	2	0	0	0	0	4.00	5.87	7.00	8.00	6.22	23	8	6	0	2.70	
27	48	82	12G	11	16	0	0	0	0	3.20	4.40	4.90	5.90	4.60	18	13	4	0		
16	30	37 62		39	75	11	17	10	21	7.50	7.00	7.50	6.80	7.12	28	3	5	0	1.29	
11 26	28 37	42 13	114 16	8 6	21 8	8 32	23 49	5 16	17 25	5.60 6.61	5.70 7.16	3.50 5.93	4.60 5.90	4.85 6.40	14 19	17 12	7 7	0 0	1.26 0.85	( Temp, in error, at 9 \ a. m. ? Temp, inaccurate.
5	11	20	36	11	20	14	23	2	3	8.20	8.90	8.70	6.70	8.12	20	11	6	0		
25	30	10	11	24	36	7	8	15	18	9.00	8.20	7.30	7.80	8.07	23	8	6	0	0.98	
17	35	9	16	11	27	27	72	21	51	0.87	6.03	7.41	6.77	5.27	23	8	0	0	0.00	
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	59	134	0.53	6.80	9.30	7.70	6.08	14	3	0	0	0.00	Last 17 days.
1	1	1	1	36	51	39	53	35	63 I 1.97		4.06	6.51	5.13	4.42	14	17	0	0	0.00	
0	0	0	0	124	480	0	0	0	0 | 7.28		9.40	9.23	9.14	8.76	28	3	0	0	0.00	
2	4	6	10	2	3	60	101	9	14 | 8.80		9.48	9.58	5.90	8.44	27	4	7	0	8.35?	
1	2	0	0	15	48	72	163	24	57	7.61	7.52	7.32	7.26	7.43	26	5	2	0	0.01	
3	3	3	7	12	24	10	24	23	46	3.80	3.70	6.00	8.40	5.98	17	14	4	0	0.20	
 
322
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
.MONTH OF  AUGUST,  1850.
TIMORMOMKTKII.
Mean Temperature.
S. R.   i 9 A. M.
3 P. M.
9 P. M.  I  Mean.
 Fort Sullivan..........
 Fort Preble............
 Fort Constitution......
 Fort Adams...........
 Fort Trumbull........
 Fort Hamilton.........
 Fort Columbus.........
 West Point............
 Watervliet Arsenal.....
 Plattsburg Barracks. ...
 Madison Barracks......
 Fort Ontario..........
 Fort Niagara..........
 Alleghany Arsenal.....
 Carlisle Barracks.......
 Fort Mifflin...........
 Fort McHenry.........
 Fort Monroe..........
 Fort Moultrie..........
 Oglethorpe Barracks ...
 Fort Dallas............
 Key West............
 Fort Hamer...........
 Fort Brooke...........
 Mount Vernon Arsenal.
 East Pascagoula........
 Baton Rouge Barracks..
 Fort Towson..........
 Fort Washita..........
 Fort Gibson...........
 Fort Scott.............
 Jefferson Barracks ...
 St. Louis Arsenal....
 Newport Barracks....
 Detroit Barracks.....
 Fort Gratiot........
 Fort Mackinac.......
 Fort Brady..........
 Fort Howard........
 Fort Ripley..........
 Fort Snelling........
 Fort Leavenworth ...
Fort Kearney........
 Fort Worth.........
Fort Graham........
Fort Gates..........,
Fort Croghan.........
 54.34
 59.45
 58.48
 65.58
 63.40
 66.90
 65.87
 62.23
 62.77
 57.30
 58.77
 62.19
 63.20
 63.70
 63.00
 65.29
 66.61
 72.38
 79.00
 77.26
 80.77
 82.03
 79.20
 78.74
 75.80
 80.25
 73.30
 74.19
 74.22
 73.22
 70.17
 74.03
 71.55
 70.29
 62.64
 60.22
 62.70
 57.77
 59.16
 57.06
 68.83
 69.74
 63.03 j
 72.22 i
 74.06
70.22
74.32 i
 64.30
 65.61
 68.06
 71.03
 70.40
 71.10
 71.03
 69.19
 68.90
 65.12
 73.06
 71.16
 71.45
 73.32
 73.70
 74.12
 74.67
 76.45
 85.00
 84.42
 85.45
 85.29
 85.96
 82.96
 83.48
 89.79
 88.46
 83.87
 86.87
 86.45
 82.19
 80.48
 77.09
 76.09
 75.41
 69.77
 70.64
 67.30
 71.51
 70.51
 75.80
 78.70
 74.29
 91.80
 85.09
 86.06
83.45 !
 66.45
 69.90
 74.06
 74.26
 74.90
 78.30
 79.16
 75.71
 73.67
 73.23
 77.48
 76.09
 71.80
 82.93
 80.20
 84.54
 78.79
 83.00
 87.29
 87.62
 89.41
 87.36
 89.45
 84.93
 86.41
 90.69
 92.39
 91.35
 91.58
 94.64
 93.18
 88.85
 85.55
 83.29
 79.38
 76.77
 72.03
 72.10
 75.41
 78.41
 79.74
 86.83
 84.74
99.16
97.80
95.77
94.03 ,
 60.42
 64.48
 61.06
 69.26
 68.40
 72.20
 70.09
 67.55
 65.22
 64.18
 66.22
 68.87
 67.73
 69.19
 69.13
 69.45
 75.77
 75.58
 81.93
 82.61
 82.16
 84.45
 79.96
 80.32
 80.74
 83.69
 80.04
 80.54
 80.58
 80.80
 79.40
 77.38
 77.39
 76.35
 69.32
 67.93
 63.64
 60.80
 66.06
 65.38
 71.22
 76.43
 69.93
 79.64
 83.35
 78.00
82.03
 61.51
 64.66
 65.41
 70.03
 69.27
 72.12
 71.04
 68.69
 67.64
 64.96
 68.88
 69.58
 69.29
 72.28
 71.58
 73.35
 73.96
 76.85
 83.31
 83.15
 84.45
 84.78
 83.64
 81.74
 81.61
 86.08
 83.67
 82.49
 83.31
 83.78
 81.24
 80.18
 77.89
 76.50
 71.69
 68.67
 67.25
 64.49
 68.03
 67.84
 73.90
 77.93
 73.00
 85.70
 85.07
 82.51
83.46
Range.
Max. i  Min.
81
86
82
83
87
90
85
84
83
89
84
  90
  95
  89
  96
  94
  95
  95
  90
  95
  90
  95
  98
 100
  99
 104
 105
 104
  96
 104
  90
  91
  92
  83
  89
  89
  90
  90
100
100
107
104
103
102
 49
 52
 50
 55
 54
 57
 55
 50
 50
 47
 47
 48
 50
 52
 48
 54
 62
 66
 73
 72
 77
 80
 73
 75
 72
 74
 69
 63
 63
 59
 56
 62
 58
 56
 47
 40
 54
 48
 45
 42
 52
 53
 47
 62
 64
62
67
Above
mean.
 13.5
 16.1
 20.6
 12.0
 13.7
 14.9
 19.0
 16.3
 16.4
 18.0
 20.1
 14.4
 14.7
 15.7
 18.4
 21.7
 15.0
 19.2
 10.7
 11.9
 10.5
  5.2
 11.4
  8.3
 13.4
 11.9
 16.3
 16.5
 20.7
 21.2
 22.8
 15.8
 26.1
 14.5
 19.3
 23.3
 15.8
 24.5
 21.0
 22.2
 16.1
 22.1
 27.0
 21.3
 18.9
20.5
 18.5
Below
mean.
 12.5
 12.9
 15.4
 15.0
 15.3
 15.1
 16.0
 18.7
 17.6
 18.0
 21.9
 21.6
 19.3
 20.3
 23.6
 19.3
 12.0
 10.8
 10.3
 11.1
  7.5
  4.8
 10.6
  6.7
  9.6
 12.1
 14.7
 19.5
 20.3
 24.8
 25.2
 18.2
 19.9
 20.5
 24.7
 28.7
 13.2
 16.5
 23.0
 25.8
 21.9
 24.9
 26.0
 24.7
21.1
20.5
 16.5
No. of Observations
N. E.
11   16
30   62
20   50
12   46
13   39
27   62
11   24
35   91
32  113
 10
 14
  0
  8
 14
  6
 12
 10
  5
  3
  1
  2
  3
  2
  3
  3
  9
  3
  9
  1
 11
 17
  0
 18
 10
  5
  7
36
 3
10
23
22
 8
 5
 7
 0
 5
 2
 12
 25
  0
 21
 29
 14
 27
 19
 12
  5
  1
  2
  3
  2
  5
  9
 17
  6
 17
  2
 29
 34
  0
 22
 20
  9
  8
 68
  9
 45
 56
 48
 9
 13
22
 0
20
 6
 11
  6
  1
i 10
 23
 11
 27
  1
  0
  9
 15
 15
 19
  9
  6
  4
 32
 11
 21
 15
 44
 17
  9
  6
 10
 16
 11
  2
 12
 13
  8
  0
  5
  9
 16
 11
 17
  4
 14
 3
 6
 14
 32
 0
 0
 0
 15
 11
  1
 33
 57
 31
 48
  3
  0
  9
 19
 43
 44
 21
 11
  9
 85
 22
123
 30
147
 58
 16
  8
 27
 25
 14
  2
 30
 34
 11
  0
  9
 24
 27
 33
 44
 26
 37
  6
 13
 18
 76
 0
 0
 0
 14
6	27
7	24
11	41
42	150
39	51
18	35
10	26
2	4
25	33
16	22
2	9
2	5
11	20
30	77
24	29
11	20
12	26
30	52
13	42
11	25
6	14
8	9
18	26
2	2
11	22
6	10
6	9
0	0
12 1	19
 
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328
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH  OF  SEPTEMBER,  1850.
THERMOMETER.
Fort Martin Scott...
San Antonio........
Fort Brown........
Ringgold Barracks..
Fort Mcintosh......
Fort Duncan.......
Fort Inge..........
Fort Lincoln........
El Paso..........
Socorro...........
Albuquerque .......
Cebolletta..........
Las Vegas .........
San Diego.........
San Luis Rey......
Monterey..........
Benicia............
Astoria............
Columbia Barracks..
Dalles of Columbia .
Fort Steilacoom
Mean Temperature.
S. R.
63.43
73.40
75.06
74.60
71.93
70.43
69.50
72.10
78.03
60.29
53.90
52.10
54.70
62.20
64.43
53.30
56.48
52.50
50.64
43.43
45.90
A. M.   3 P. M.   9 P. M
71.26
82.10
90.80
87.33
91.33
82.93
85.20
81.20
89.00
72.20
68.96
78.76
76.76
75.70
80.00
62.08
65.97
60.36
61.23
55.00
56.40
84.06
96.40
90.53
91.73
99.46
97.65
95.60
93.20
93.03
91.80
82.03
83.70
78.00
81.33
80.83
65.86
77.57
68.80
72.62
70.71
69.40
73.46
80.33
82.56
78.66
83.83
86.50
77.36
81.12
80.80
70.16
67.40
66.66
56.40
66.53
68.76
57.00
60.00
55.88
62.00
60.57
54.40
73.55
83.06
84.74
83.08
86.64
84.38
81.91
81.65
85.22
73.61
68.07
70.31
66.47
71.44
73.50
59.56
65.00
59.38
61.62
57.43
56.52
Range.
Max.  Min.
 90
100
 96
101
106
104
101
 98
 98
 99
 87
 90
 89
101
104
 94
 97
 84
 90
 82
 84
56
66
71
68
62
61
58
58
74
53
48
50
49
51
52
43
52
44
40
40
40
Above
mean.
16.5
16.9
11.3
17.9
19.4
19.6
19.1
16.3
12.8
25.4
18.9
19.7
22.5
29.6
30.5
34.4
32.0
24.6
28.4
24.6
27.5
Below
mean.
17.5
17.1
13.7
15.1
24.6
23.4
23.9
23.7
11.2
20.6
20.1
20.3
17.5
20.4
21.5
16.5
13.0
15.4
21.6
17.4
16.5
WINDS.
No. of Observations
N.		N	E.
1	3	11	24
7	7	20	28
0	0	2H	65
0	0	8	20
2	4	10	16
4	5	14	32
0	0	3	9
3	3	0	0
12	16	1	4
6	9	2	3
47	94	11	24
9	10	4	4
7	12	4	9
3	4	5	12
0	0	18	66
11	15	2	3
0	0	0	0
0	0	5	6
6	11	3	6
1	2	2	3
15	23	20	27
 

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METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
331
MONTH OF OCTOBER, 1850.
WINDS.										WEATHER.							RAIN AND SNOW.			
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky.					Day3.		Days.		0 <	REMARKS.
S. E.		S.		s. w.		W.		N. W.		S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P.M.	Mean.	'5	>> TO 0 o 5	'3	o 0 Ul		
1 13 24		25	61	17	32	32	73	19	46	4.87	5.55	5.48	2.16	4.51	17	14	12	0	3.24	
7	17	11	28	23	46	42	63	22	47	5.16	4.90	5.64	5.77	5.37	16	15	7	0	3.45	
11	20	24	44	11	22	22	55	32	97	4.58	5.45	5.70	4.87	5.15	18	13	9	0	2.76	
7	21	27	59	14	34	25	79	30	118	5.32	5.03	5.16	5.77	5.32	18	13	6	0	3.58	
6	13	4	5	40	92	10	26	47	107	4.70	5.10	5.10	6.10	5.25	18	13	7	0	5.89	
13	23	15	41	20	60	8	22	48	139	7.10	6.80	6.80	7.60	7.08	20	11	5	0	1.83	
9	23	16	32	15	31	34	68	28	81	6.35	6.32	5.64	6.41	6.18	21	10	7	0	3.16	
6	16	24	27	15	28	7	22	33	89	4.23	4.77	4.35	5.64	4.75	17	14	10	0	2.34	
0	0	33	93	16	41	66	220	4	8	5.09	6.67	7.06	4.64	5.87	16	15	11	0	3.37	-
2	5	33	45	8	8	28	33	28	45	3.90	3.11	3.16	4.20	3.59	13	18	9	0	7.64	
2	2	26	52	17	33	24	66	21	48	3.48	3.58	4.12	4.06	3.81	13	18	17	0	12.39	
32	53	0	0	35	69	0	0	39	108	7.58	6.67	7.03	6.29	6.89	16	15	9	0	5.59	
7	10	14	30	23	57	27	75	15	43	2.38	3.90	4.03	4.93	3.81	15	16	10	0	3.10	
2	4	10	19	38	104	15	55	6	18	2.22	4.90	■5.23	4.74	4.27	15	16	11	0	4.29	
7	16	5	10	4	5	57	133	20	57	7.27	7.21	7.29	7.19	7.24	16	15	7	0	4.08	
9	19	17	36	31	54	39	86	12	32	....	....	....	....	....	20	11	5	0	1.54	
12	26	8	19	4	9	16	34	26	74	5.64	7.00	7.93	6.70	6.82	21	10	7	0	3.10	
7	12	17	38	29	74	12	35	22	58	7.18	7.25	7.19	8.26	7.47	26	5.	4	0	0.76	
6	20	9	33	14	48	11	38	20	66	6.29	7.38	7.16	8.08	7.22	26	5	4	0	0.88	
7	13	1	2	4	8	14	25	9	15	6.50	7.61	7.61	7.70	7.36	25	6	3	0	0.70	
15	49	4	12	7	20	18	43	7	20	7.96	7.83	7.67	7.25	7.68						
7	9	3	3	10	26	1	2	7	19	3.19	3.80	3.00	3.87	3.47	14	17	8	0	4.18	
11	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	9	7.29	7.25	6.83	7.96	7.33	18	13	7	0	2.89	
31	66	5	10	2	5	5	13	19	60	6.74	7.29	6.12	8.12	7.07	24	7	2	0	0.85	
5	7	10	11	3	7	2	3	4	6	3.74	7.31	6.84	8.94	6.71	14	5	1	0	0.96	Last 19 days.
7	10	2	4	11	15	25	45	18	32	5.13	7.20	9.15	8.12	7.40	25	6	4	0	1.03	
5	13	27	65	3	5	2	4	2	6	4.19	5.06	5.80	6.48	5.38	18	13	8	0	5.19	
11	30	24	50	19	42	10	15	9	18	5.32	5.80	6.25	6.87	6.06	19	12	7	0	2.56	
4	13	4	16	14	42	33	83	20	40	3.90	5.61	5.90	6.41	5.46	21	10	6	0	3.75	
9	15	37	99	25	82	11	19	4	10	4.16	5.40	5.14	5.19	4.97	20	11	5	0	1.56	
9	21	46	94	14	40	25	60	11	31	3.58	4.19	5.09	5.00	4.47	16	15	5	0	1.75	
3	3	34	62	11	24	15	25	5	11	7.26	7.39	7.80	2.07	6.13	17	14	9	0	2.45	Clearness inaccurate
1	1	17	37	22	49	11	22	12	35	4.40	7.20	7.80	7.20	6.65	18	13	5	0	1.80	ct it
0	0	2	4	23	45	51	90	25	45	5.87	5.71	6.29	6.35	6.06	17	14	8	0	1.11	<< (C
6	12	12	33	11	34	30	75	10	32	5.12	5.96	6.51.	5.41	5.75	16	15	7	0	1.01	cc «<
15	35	5	11	27	77	34	99	10	28	6.67	8.80	8.80	3.19	6.87	15	16	14	2	5.05	cc "
28	57	6	7	6	10	18	62	19	82	5.40	4.19	4.10	6.11	4.95	19	12	12	2	4.00	
4	14	19	■ 61	28	60	34	82	6	19	4.64	4.90	5.00	6.38	5.23	17	14	6	1	1.10	
27	71	26	57	6	15	29	86	10	30	7.39	6.63	6.35	6.51	6.72	19	12	5	1	1.45	
16	23	31	48	18	27	16	30	10	12	7.30	7.20	7.80	6.80	7.27	23	8	4	0	0.32	
10	16	35	67	10	22	1	1	27	44 j 4.87		6 06	5.61	6.12	5.67	19	12	3	0	0.85	
4	9	9	24	18	39	21	25	27	72 6.25		6.06	6.32	7.74	6.59	22	9	4	1	0.26	
9	16	24	54	17	41	28	68	16	29	7.77	8.51	8.48	8.54	8.57	27	4	4	0	1.70	
0	0	44	115	2	3	13	29	5	5	8.00	8.96	8.61	8.93	8.62	28	3	5	0	2.24	
52	70	4	6	19	31	5	5	14	32	1.58	6.00	6.67	8.00	5.56	24	7	G	0	3.77	
5	12	47	-128	6	17	8	14	13	37	7 4)6	7.19	6.93	7.54	7.18	25	6	5	0	....	
21	54	29	[ 87	11	35	2	3	5	14	6.42	7.23	7.13	8.71	7.37	25	6	3	0	0.28	
 
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W 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.                         333
MONTH OF OCTOBER, 1850.
WINDS.										WEATHER.							RAIN AND SNOW.			
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		43 fl .5 a	REMARKS.
S. E.		S		S.W.		W.		N. W.		S. R.	9 A.M.	3 P.M.	9 P.M.	Mean.	6	>> 10 0 O	0 'ei	|		
															rH	5	rt	02	-J!	
24	71	10	24	12	47	1	2	14	48	6.61	7.90	8.25	9.03	7.95	27	4	4	0	0.99	
20	30	23	41	2	4	2	2	2	2	7.40	7.70	8.00	7.60	7.67	25	6	5	0	0.81	Clearness inaccurate.
71	163	0	0	2	5	2	3	8	16	6.54	5.93	6.58	7.54	6.68	24	7	6	0	5.79	
51	176	3	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	4.80	5.09	5.45	7.09	5.61	21	10	5	0	0.58	
64	130	1	2	1	I	1	2	10	14	4.67	5.77	5.96	4.00	5.10	22	9	4	0	2.21	
18	40	30	67	3	6	10	19	5	9	5.35	6.64	6.48	8.54	6.75	24	7	5	0	1.30	
54	79	9	16	6	11	0	0	0	0	7.51	7.74	7.81	7.60	7.67	25	6	3	0	1.70	
24	62	43	94	4	8	0	0	3	4	5.12	7.50	7.20	6.10	6.48	24	7	4	0	....	Temp, for first 12
4	6	2	2	5	14	11	25	22	53	7.00	8.00	7.00	7.00	7.25	26	5	3	0	0.60	[days.
22	37	23	42	9	16	13	17	9	11	7.11	8.40	7.18	7.80	7.62	27	4	5	0	1.81	
11	35	31	57	2	2	8	16	2	4	6.71	7.45	7.30	7.42	7.22	25	6	3	0	0.28	
13	16	11	15	7	8	23	31	43	56	7.03	7.41	6.86	7.61	7.48	24	7	5	0	1.58	
8	17	20	47	7	13	9	16	6	11	5.51	8.58	8.38	5.25	6.93	29	2	1	0	0.00	Temp, in excess at 9
19	24	3	4	22	31	16	24	11	14	8.06	7.80	7.87	8.45	8.04	27	4	6	0	0.38	[a. m.
10	13	10	16	22	36	32	49	12	22	4.45	6.42	6.83	5.32	5.76	21	10	3	0	0.19	
0	0	0	0	17	45	56	143	32	104	4.00	5.00	6.00	5.00	5.00	18	13	3	0	0.20	
0	0	6	7	30	43	45	79	16	24	4.09	5.03	6.87	5.61	5.40	17	14	0	0	0.00	
0	0	1	1	108	221	0	0	0	0	6.22	7.20	8.01	7.28	7.18	26	5	0	0	0.00	
4	7	66	95	13	24	1	1	8	13	9.38	9.48	9.35	9.77	9.50	31	0	2	0	0.01	
5	9	0	0	27	56	39	91	3	4	4.35	4.51	4.48	4.09	4.36	17	14	9	0	6.70?	
1	3	8	25	3	10	89	167	7	12	4.71	7.42	8.22	4.20	6.14	23	8	10	0	2.69	
0	"o	2	3	13	15	53	92	1	1	5.87	6."77	7.10	7.80	6.86	24	7	6	0	0.91	
6	23	4	6	25	64	13	24	28	60	1.58	3.16	4.45	5.00	3.55	9	22	15	0	2.40	
 
334
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH  OF  NOVEMBER, 1850.
STATIONS.
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
Range.
S. R.
 Fort Sullivan..........
 Fort Preble............
 Fort Constitution......
 Fort Adams............
 Fort Trumbull........
 Fort Hamilton........
 Fort Columbus.........
 West Point............
 Watervliet Arsenal
 Plattsburg Barracks....
 Madison Barracks......
 Fort Ontario..........
 Fort Niagara..........
 Alleghany Arsenal.....
 Carlisle Barracks......
 Fort McHenry........
 Fort Monroe..........
 Fort Moultrie.........
 Oglethorpe Barracks....
 Fort Dallas...........
 Key West............
 Mount Vernon Arsenal.
 New Orleans Barracks..
 Fort Towson..........
 Fort Washita..........
 Fort Gibson...........
 Fort Scott.............
 Jefferson Barracks......
 St. Louis Arsenal......
 Newport Barracks.....
 Detroit Barracks.......
 Fort Gratiot..........
 Fort Mackinac........
 Fort Brady............
 Fort Howard..........
 Fort Ripley........
 Fort Snelling......,
 Fort Leavenworth ...
 Fort Kearney......
Fort Atkinson.......
Fort Arbuckle.......
Fort Worth.........
Fort Graham........
Fort Gates..........
Fort Croghan........
Fort Martin Scott....
San Antonio........
 35.46
 36.16
 36.06
 42.87
 41.20
 43.30
 42.06
 38.50
 34.20
 34.28
 37.00
 37.06
 39.83
 36.56
 33.17
 47.60
 49.80
 53.66
 50.53
 69.73
 71.10
 48.60
 53.12
 45.10
 45.90
 46.09
 37.29
 41.11
 39.40
 42.53
 38.30
 35.43
 31.23
 34.93
 30.26
 25.96
 30.20
 36.23
 25.50
 30.63
 43.80
 45.86
 47.33
 45.70
 50.01
 47.00
57.73
9 A. M.
 40.06
 39.83
 41.50
 45.30
 44.80
 45.00
 44.53
 42.47
 39.66
 38.23
 40.60
 41.70
 41.76
 41.60
 42.40
 50.90
 51.70
 59.73
 59.26
 76.50
 73.53
 52.63
 61.25
 49.46
 54.20
 50.90
 45.90
 45.90
 44.40
 45.70
 45.76
 42.40
 37.74
 37.23
 33.10
 29.53
 33.50
 39.06
 36.33
39.47
 53.50
54.16
55.73
52.96
56.17
51.13
64.03
 43.83
 43.96
 45.93
 49.69
 49.00
 53.20
 49.80
 47.30
 44.66
 44.18
 45.73
 46.83
 49.13
 49.40
 51.18
 55.30
 56.60
 66.63
 66.33
 79.46
 75.70
 64.93
 69.97
 60.80
 62.43
 56.09
 54.27
 54.60
 52.50
 53.03
 51.73
 49.06
39.73
 41.13
 41.86
37.96
37.16
50.43
 47.56
50.33
 62.30
63.13
65.73
66.73
66.40
58.33
70.16
9 P.M.
 39.50
 40.13
 39.26
 46.10
 44.30
 46.70
 44.36
 43.23
 37.60
 39.13
 37.96
 39.53
 42.33
 40.76
 39.16
 51.66
 52.60
 59.33
 57.10
 71.76
 73.83
 56.13
 58.00
 51.50
 51.76
 49.01
 46.90
 47.53
 42.60
 47.47
 41.06
 42.13
 35.86
 36.24
33.53
28.56
36.16
 43.06
31.86
36.13
52.10
51.53
54.98
53.50
55.20
49.43
62.60
 39.71
 40.02
 40.69
 45.98
 44.62
 47.05
 45.19
 42.87
 39.03
 38.95
 40.32
 41.28
 43.26
 42.08
 41.48
 51.36
 52.67
 59.84
 58.30
 74.36
 73.54
 55.57
 60.58
 51.71
 53.57
 50.52
 46.09
 47.28
 44.72
 47.18
 44.21
 42.25
 36.14
 37.38
 34.69
30.50
33.73
 42.19
35.31
39.14
 52.92
53.67
55.94
54.72
56.94
51.47
63.63
 59
 60
 60
 64
 65
 67
 61
 60
 60
 59
 70
 69
 72
 70
 66
 61
 68
 76
 76
 88
 81
 82
 85
 80
 82
 77
 76
 74
 76
 74
 76
 74
 60
 56
 64
54
57
 72
 66
68
80
83
b'2
82
80
75
83
 27
 28
 24
 28
 25
 31
 29
 24
 20
 24
 17
 20
 25
 20
 22
 36
 36
 38
 32
 50
 60
 29
 40
 26
 31
 20
 20
 24
 24
 25
 20
 18
 24
21
 8
 9
 15
 18
 6
 12
30
28
28
26
30
26
39
Above
mean.
Below
mean.
19.3	12.7
20.0	12.0
19.3	16.7
18.0	18.0
20.2	19.8
20.0	16.0
15.8	16.2
17.1	18.9
21.0	19.0
20.1	14.9
29.7	23.3
27.7	21.3
28.7	18.3
27.9	22.1
24.5	19.5
9.6	15.4
15.3	16.7
16.2	21.8
17.7	26.3
13.6	24.4
7.5	13.5
26.4	26.6
24.4	20.6
28.3	25.7
28.4	22.6
26.5	30.5
29.9	26.1
26.7	23.3
31.3	20.7
26.8	22.2
31.8	24.2
31.8	24.2
23.9	12.1
18.6	16.4
29.3	26.7
23.5	21.5
23.3	18.7
29.8	24.2
30.7	29.3
28.9	27.1
27.1	22.9
29.3	25.7
26.1	27.9
27.3	28.7
23.1	26.9
23.5	25.5
19.4	24.6
 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
335
MONTH  OF NOVEMBER, 1850.
WINDS.										WEATHER.							RAIN AND SNOW.			
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		43 o fl a	REMARKS.
S. E.		S.		S. W.		W.		N.	W.	S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	C	pi ■o 3 o	0	o		
															rH	O	a	Ul	<	
9	13	4	4	22	45	16	19	38	71	3.63	4.02	4.01	1.15	3.20	10	20	5	4	3.00	•
4	5	3	5	8	20	26	56	23	48	4.60	5.10	5.03	5.26	5.00	13	17	3	2	2.80	
7	15	13	25	9	18	27	68	.21	50.	3.43	4.90	5.36	4.70	4.57	17	13	4	3	2.48	
3	8	12	27	9	23	21	64	18	62	3.73	4.33	4.93	5.47	4.61	15	15	6	0	2.39	
10	16	1	1	22	42	9	38	34	59	2.80	3.80	4.30	4.30	3.80	14	16	9	0	4.45?	
3	7	12	25	7	20	4	18	32	93	4.00	4.10	4.60	4.90	4.40	14	16	4	1	1.98	
4	6	8	9	15	28	12	31	28	65	3.86	4.60	4.06	4.23	4.19	14	16	6	0	2.33	
6	10	24	52	9	17	4	8	28	66	2.53	2.90	3.43	3.27	3.04	11	19	9	1	2.17	
0	0	11	37	25	63	48	145	13	32	4.23	4.86	5.06	5.10	4.81	14	16	6	2	1.69	
2	0	26	30	8	9	36	44	20	26	2.29	2.26	3.70	3.29	2.86	11	19	4	2	3.10	
11	16	24	45	10	15	32	105	6	19	3.60	3.96	4.20	3.90	3.91	14	16	8	2	3.93	
46	77	0	0	18	28	0	0	37	110	6.76	6.90	6.53	5.53	6.43	15	15	8	1	4.81	Weather observa'ns
15	17	22	35	19	46	32	80	8	15	2.23	3.43	3.86	4.33	3.46	11	19	9	2	3.06	[inaccurate.
4	6	7	15	23	45	5	9	6	9	....	....	....		....	10	20	8	4	2.19	
0	0	10	22	11	17	55	103	8	23	5.60	7.30	7.24	7.03	6.79	11	19	6	1	0.87	
14	34	9	24	11	28	7	16	21	69	2.03	3.75	6.50	4.73	4.25	15	15	10	0	4.30	
8	15	3	8	18	19	19	50	21	58	5.10	4.23	5.07	5.14	4.88	15	15	11	0	1.92	
3	9	12	44	26	88	4	16	29	118	5.10	5.80	5.13	6.43	5.61	19	11	8	0	1.99	
5	7	1	2	7	12	13	28	12	19	9.20	9.10	9.20	9.80	9.32	22	8	3	0	0.80	
19	43	0	0	0	0	14	37	1	2											
9	34	7	8	2	5	0	0	1	5	6.06	6.46	6.56	7.70	6.69	22	8	2	0	0.01	
30	79	8	24	2	5	3	13	30	91	5.13	5.26	5.10	6.96	6.61	21	9	6	0	2.32	
3	5	19	38	9	24	10	11	6	8	2.33	4.33	4.66	6.54	4.46	16	14	5	0	1.58	
6	15	23	59	3	8	8	18	2	4	3.20	3.36	3.63	5.39	3.92	13	17	7	0	6.21	
10	26	27	87	14	32	15	37	9	23	3.06	4.30	3.50	5.43	4.07	14	16	12	0	5.14	
5	14	18	61	10	33	8	29	38	75	3.73	4.00	4.40	6.03	4.54	16	14	6	0	4.75	
4	8	40	119	9	25	16	33	13	18	3.15	3.18	4.20	4.70	3.81	14	16	6	0	4.39	
1	1	56	147	7	32	10	39	7	26	3.33	4.36	4.66	5.56	4.48	16	14	9	0	4.11	
2	2	37	61	5	6	29	50	4	10	6.80	7.56	7.43	1.63	5.86	15	15	7	0	4.65	
2	7	24	39	11	20	25	68	15	41	6.30	7.40	7.70	7.10	"7.12	16	14	6	2	6.45	
3	3	3	6	10	24	71	104	5	6	4.73	4.56	4.63	5.40	4.83	15	15	5	2	2.36	
8	15	30	67	12	31	25	48	11	24	3.83	4.70	4.60	4.76	4.47	16	14	17	2	2.19	
5	11	9	21	15	43	26	84	10	34	6.00	8.96	8.70	2.86	6.63	13	17	4	7	3.15	
26	64	2	7	25	56	8	31	19	62	2.70	2.30	3.50	3.10	2.90	9	21	3	7	1.35	
0	0	37	109	15	27	24	60	2	3	2.73	3.30	3.73	4.40	3.54	12	18	7	6	2.59	
20	42	18	28	3	12	29	76	11	36	5.31	5.30	5.16	4.80	5.14	16	14	5	5	3.65	
13	25	6	14	17	31	19	43	14	22	6.80	5.50	5.70	4.80	5.70	16	14	6	4	1.68	Therm, protected.
5	5	28	51	13	38	2	4	31	47	4.30	4.16	4.36	5.30	4.53	15	15	8	1	3.84	
16	29	13	27	4	5	11	12	9	26	4.86	4.63	5.53	6.70	5.43	18	12	2	2	1.57	
11	..	7	.,	10	,.	5		42		....	....		....	....	19	11	3	3	--	
4	4	27	50	28	72	37	119	8	28	6.43	6.86	6.43	6.70	6.60	21	9	8	1	5.40	
23	73	17	56	8	10	9	17	9	13	3.93	5.70	5.26	5.50	5.10	17	13	8	0	4.90	
12	26	5	9	54	84	19	28	9	18	2.13	4.73	5.63	6.33	4.70	18	12	7	0	1.09	
5	17	38	124	7	22	8	17	23	53	3.50	3.66	4.20	5.74	4.27	11	19	11	0	....	
14	52	38	108	3	7	13	36	7	13	3.90	3.37	4.70	5.50	4.37	12	18	7	0	1.02	
17	61	27	71	0	0	0	0	0	0	4.60	5.23	5.80	7.10	5.95	16	14	13	0	3.87	
12	16	21	30	2	2	5	7	6	14	....	....	....	....		17	13	7	0	2.34	
 
336
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
MONTH OF NOVEMBER, 1850.
STATIONS.
Fort Brown.......
Ringgold Barracks.
Fort Mcintosh____
Fort Duncan......
Fort Inge.........
Fort Lincoln......
El Paso...........
Socorro..........
Albuquerque ......
Cebolletta.........
Las Vegas.........
San Diego........
San Luis Rey.....
Monterey.........
Benicia...........
Sonoma..........
Camp  Far West...
Astoria...........
Columbia Barracks
Dalles  of Columbia
Fort Steilacoom ...
THERMOMETER.
S. R.
62.80
59.50
55.60
55.41
54.60
33.70
29.90
30.33
14.66
47.73
51.40
44.60
47.40
41.86
40.36
41.08
37.15
29.27
37.10
Mean Tempei-ature.
9 A. M.
68.73
67.76
62.90
62.46
62.20
43.30
39.47
44.10
46.33
58.00
58.86
56.05
54.90
55.70
51.03
44.30
43.52
38.20
40.83
70.50
74.33
71.36
73.75
69.43
56.40
54.13
54.10
51.30
66.66
65.60
61.03
64.24
66.56
61.63
57.03
50.32
47.15
46.66
9 P. M.
66.80
64.83
61.53
62.36
58.33
42.25
39.73
35.60
35.30
53.70
56.53
52.28
51.20
51.13
48.00
43.36
41.43
37.10
40.26
67.26
66.60
62.85
63.49
61.14
43.91
40.81
41.03
32.98
56.52
58.50
53.49
54.44
53.81
50.26
46.44
43.11
37.93
41.21
Range.
84
93
91
94
93

69
68
66
68
61
77
74
74
75
83
77
74
58
60
56
46
42
38
34
41

45
21
17
11
 6
37
40
38
40
31
30
33
25
19
27
Above
mean.
16.7
26.4
28.1.
30.5
31.8
24.1
25.2
27.0
28.0
20.5
15.5
20.5
20.5
29.2
26.8
27.6
14.9
22.1
14.8
Below
mean.
21.3
24.6
24.9
29.5
20.2
22.9
23.8
30.0
27.0
19.5
18.5
15.5
14.5
22.8
20.2
13.4
18.1
18.9
14.2
No. of Obsei-vations
N.		N.	E.	E.	
0	0	29	68	0	0
9	21	9	18	19	40
6	14	23	35	7	9
16	40	19	32	24	50
3	3	15	23	0	0
10	26	16	31	1	1
6	20	27	71	15	37
58	115	3	3	3	10
31	34	5	6	6	10
0	0	0	0	3	4
14	37	3	5	9	19
0	0	4	4	21	24
2	7	38	76	10	25
15	26	0	0	0	0
1	2	8	13	18	24
4	16	1	2	3	4
13	25	14	26	4	4
1	3	6	14	68	135
10	27	3	10	4	8
3	4	0	0	5	5
26	65	6	16	30	82
 
Krt
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338
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH  OF  DECEMBER,  1850.
 Fort Sullivan.........
 Fort Preble...........
 Fort Constitution.....
 Fort Adams..........
 Fort Trumbull........
 Fort Hamilton........
 Fort Columbus.......
 West Point..........
 Watervliet Arsenal...
 Plattsburg Barracks...
 Madison Barracks.....
 Fort Ontario.........
 Fort Niagara.........
 Alleghany Arsenal....
 Carlisle Barracks.....
 Fort Mifflin..........
 Fort McHenry.......
 Fort Monroe.........
 Fort Moultrie........
 Oglethorpe Barracks ..
 Fort Dallas...........
 Key West............
 Fort Barrancas.......
 Mount Vernon Arsenal
 New Orleans Barracks.
 Baton Rouge Barracks.
 Fort Towson.........
 Fort Washita........
 Fort Gibson..........
 Fort Scott...........
 Jefferson Barracks.....
 St. Louis Arsenal.....
 Detroit Barracks......
 Fort Gratiot.........
 Fort Mackinac.......
 Fort Brady...........
 Fort Howard.........
 Fort Ripley..........
Fort Snelling.........
Fort Leavenworth......
Fort Kearney.........,
Fort Atkinson........
Fort Arbuckle.........
Fort Worth..........
Fort Graham.........,
Fort Gates...........,
Fort Croghan.........,
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
Range.
. 20.67
 18.83
 19.51
 30.03
 28.04
 32.70
 31.13
 26.03
 16.35
 16.70
 16.41
 21.00
 25.90
 29.83
 29.16
 32.60
 33.22
 42.40
 50.32
 49.16
 66.90
 70.71
 48.18
 47.90
 50.32
 45.45
 34.29
 32.64
 30.93
 23.00
 27.96
 26.26
 22.61
 18.74
 15.90
 14.18
 14.41
  0.67
  8.01
 21.22
 13.37
 19.35
 27.00
 33.12
 34.25
 33.93
 37.20
 24.74
 20.96
 23.29
 31.61
 31.03
 33.80
 32.71
 29.16
 22.26
 18.26
 19.00
 23.19
 26.80
 32.00
 31.23
 36.70
 41.00
 44.30
 55.90
 54.67
 74.09
 74.08
 54.94
 49.48
 55.32
 50,67
 37.51
 36.79
 34.03
 27.12
 29.80
 29.00
 26.48
 24.76
 20.32
 17.12
 16.09
 4.19
 11.58
 22.96
 19.45
 23.45
 33.90
 38.58
39.64
38.83
42.32
8 P. M.
 26.80
 26.38
 28.67
 35.32
 35.02
 38.30
 35.87
 32.19
 25.58
 25.20
 24.00
 27.37
 31.22
 37.60
 36.70
 41.19
 45.51
 49.80
 61.87
 62.29
 80.00
 76.74
 60.23
 58.35
 62.77
 60.12
 46.58
 42.45
 43.19
 33.26
 36.03
 35.16
 31.16
 30.48
 23.09
 25.23
 23.25
 13.64
 16.99
 31.12
 26.19
 31.76
 43.00
46.06
47.74
49.77
52.13
9 P. M.
 23.64
 23.45
 24.19
 33.93
 32.00
 33.90
 33.19
 30.09
 21.42
 17.12
 19.51
 23.16
 26.42
 31.29
 31.10
 34.70
 41.77
 46.60
 54.22
 54.01
 69.27
 75.19
 54.94
 52.45
 53.56
 48.45
 38.77
 36.77
 35.87
 26.28
 30.38
 29.00
 23.67
 23.70
 19.00
 18.10
 17.61
 5.64
 13.12
 25.51
 17.61
 23.42
 32.70
 37.74
 39.77
 38.16
42.00
Mean.
 23.96
 22.40
 23.91
 32.72
 31.52
 34.67
 33.22
 29.37
 21.40
 19.32
 19.73
 23.68
 27.59
 32.68
 32.05
 36.30
 40.37
 45.75
 55.58
 55.04
 72.57
 74.17
 56.20
 52.04
 55.49
 51.17
 39.29
 37.16
 36.01
 27.41
 31.04
 29.85
 25.98
 24.42
 19.58
 18.66
 17.84
 6.03
 12.42
25.20
 19.15
24.50
34.15
38.87
40.35
40.17
43.41
 45
 46
 46
 48
 51
 53
 50
 54
 46
 46
 48
 48
 60
 64
 54
 56
 56
 68
 77
 78
 87
 83
 74
 78
 80
 80
 73
 76
 67
 58
 54
 50
 44
 52
 36
 42
 38
 32
 30
 53
 44
 47
 66
 75
 78
80
81
  2
- 4
  0
 13
  9
 17
 14
  6
-18
- 8
-22
  2
  5
 17
 17
 18
 26
 28
 31
 28
 52
 59
 40
 26
 24
 21
  7
  1
- 1
- 2
  5
  4
-13
-16
- 2
-22
-14
- 3
-12
-12
  0
  7
  5
  4
  9
Above
mean.
 21.0
 23.6
 22.1
 15.3
 19.5
 18.3
 16.8
 24.6
 24.6
 26.7
 28.3
 24.3
 32.4
 31.3
 22.0
 19.7
 15.6
 22.3
 21.4
 23.0
 14.4
 8.8
 17.8
 27.0
 24.5
 28.8
 33.7
 38.8
 31.0
 30.6
 23.0
 20.1
 18.0
 27.6
 16.4
 23.3
 10.2
 26.0
 17.6
 27.8
 24.8
 22.5
 21.9
 36.1
37.7
39.8
37.6
Below
mean.
 22.0
 26.4
 23.9
 19.7
 22.5
 17.3
 19.2
 23.4
 39.4
 27.3
 41.7
 21.7
 22.6
 15.7
 15.0
 18.3
 14.4
 17.7
 24.6
 27.0
 20.6
 15.2
 16.2
 26.0
 31.5
 30.2
 32.3
 36.2
 37.0
 29.4
 26.0
 25.9
 38.0
 40.4
 21.6
 26.7
 25.8
 28.0
 26.4
 28.2
 31.2
 36.5
34.1
31.9
35.3
36.4
34.4
No. of Obsei'vationa
N.		N.	E.	E.	
14	28	7	28	5	21
44	115	12	46	0	0
19	38	20	86	14	45
15	49	6	24	6	16
6	22	29	57	3	6
22	54	19	52	3	7
6	13	22	50	11	23
19	58	3	10	0	0
19	69	0	0	0	0
51	54	15	26	0	0
12	33	39	91	14	38
0	0	24	74	0	0
4	11	16	74	11	42
9	18	14	19	6	8
4	11	4	10	31	76
23	83	7	31	15	50
11	32	36	88	5	11
5	12	30	78	14	29
17	52	16	51	4	9
6	18	14	34	2	4
0	0	26	55	8	17
64	252	11	25	15	41
8	11	13	26	7	9
13	39	30	90	6	17
26	48	22	42	20	28
34	61	14	23	20	37
52	129	1	1	13	28
32	106	3	8	10	20
57	175	10	33	5	19
37	81	11	23	3	3
41	159	3	10	0	0
38	83	5	13	9	10
14	23	22	44	2	5
29	63	22	53	17	30
38	103	24	73	15	52
5	14	4	20	42	95
18	71	3	8	4	6
13	23	5	6	8	14
2	5	16	37	9	17
50	60	9	14	2	3
39	104	13	33	4	11
36		4		2	
9	39	4	8	1	1
37	130	8	13	6	6
14	30	3	9	0	0
27 ' 96		1	2	2	7
41 |	123	4	11	0	0
 
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340
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH  OF  DECEMBER,  1850.
STATIONS.
Fort Martin Scott..
San Antonio......
Fort Brown.......
Ringgold Barracks.
Fort Mcintosh.....
Fort Duncan......
Fort Inge..........
Fort Lincoln.......
El Paso...........
Socorro...........
Albuquerque.......
Cebolletta........
Las Vegas.........
Santa Fe..........
Fort Yuma........
San Diego.........
San Luis Rey......
Monterey..........
Benicia...........
Sonoma...........
Camp Far West...
Astoria............
Columbia Barracks.
Dalles of Columbia.
Fort Steilacoom ...
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
Range.
S. R.
36.09
41.45
51.92
46.90
42.45
39.58
39.22
29.48
21.24
18.45
19.58
 9.00
14.03
37.08
40.83
43.51
43.72
40.21
41.77
36.25
37.16
31.80
29.27
33.96
9 A. M.   3 P. M.   9 P. M.
39.32
46.61
61.03
55.61
50.48
49.80
45.19
41.00
28.15
24.70
26.22
27.96
24.45
51.76
50.09
51.80
50.14
46.24
49.32
42.41
38.93
35.60
31.74
35.58
41.58
56.45
64.12
65.74
60.48
62.45
53.16
48.00
39.30
36.32
33.19
34.67
35.77
65.26
58.48
59.41
54.58
55.19
57.52
52.83
47.51
40.37
35.60
41.96
39.74
46.19
55.80
54.35
49.80
49.06
45.67
35.00
30.14
24.39
23.16
15.29
18.77
36.33
45.38
47.70
47.91
44.14
48.03
40.87
39.05
35.37
33.57
37.09
39.18
47.67
58.22
55.65
50.80
50.22
45.81
38.37
29.71
25.96
25.54
21.73
23.25
51.70
48.69
50.60
49.09
46.45
49.16
43.09
40.66
35.78
32.55
37.15
64
79
86
90
86
81
67
10
18
22
18
17
12
20
66
62
52
47
51
54
75
67
70
65
63
72
61
59
49
46
50
   4
— 1
— 5
   3
—29
—11
  15
  29
  33
  30
  28
  28
  24
  22
  15
   5
  20
Above
mean.
24.8
31.3
27.8
34.3
35.2
30.8
21.2
27.6
32.3
26.0
21.5
29.3
30.8
23.3
18.3
29.4
15.9
16.5
22.8
17.9
18.3
13.2
13.4
12.8
Below
mean.
29.2
29.7
36.2
37.7
33.8
38.2
25.8
 34.4
 30.7
 31.0
 23.5
 50.7
 34.2
 36.7
 19.7
 17.6
 19.1
 18.5
21.2
 19.1
 18.7
20.8
27.6
17.2
WINDS.
No. of Observations
N.
N. E.
69	42
51	26
69	20
117	13
15	26
103	17
27	14
124	14
14	37
156
 69
 17
 41
118 !  2
 41 ! 18
 39
 30
 34
 33
 23
 37
100
 28
 30
  2
 14
      4
     20
 1 |   1
13 ]  32
 7 '  10
22 |  47
 62
 21
 28
  0
 26
  3
  8
185
 52
 27 
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METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
343
MONTHLY, AND EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE FOR 1850.
Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.	LOCALITY.	
50.45	39.71	23.96	38.24	59.72	49.32	25.00	43.07	87	— 6	43.9	49.1	Maine.	
50.27	40.02	22.40	40.50	64.59	49.56	24.83	44.87	92	— 8	47.1	52.9	Maine.	
50.02	40.69	23.91	40.74	65.65	49.73	25.96	45.52	96	- 6	50.5	51.5	New Hampshire.	
55.49	45.98	32.72	43.39	69.23	55.37	33.38	50.34	84	6	33.7	44.3	Rhode Island.	
54.78	44.82	31.52	44.37	69.71	54.12	32.91	50.28	87	6	36.7	44.3	Connecticut.	
55.72	47.05	34.67	45.51	71.35	56.44	34.76	52.01	94	12	42.0	40.0	New York harbor.	
53.78	45.19	33.22	44.90	71.24	54.43	33.14	50.93	94	9	43.1	41.9	New York harbor.	
51.91	42.87	29.37	44.52	68.40	52.15	30.96	49.01	92	6	43.0	43.0	New York.	
48.05	39.03	21.40	41.56	70.66	48.76	23.08	46.01	88	—18	42.0	64.0	New York.	
46.86	38.95	19.32	38.46	66.44	48.23	21.74	43.72	90	—14	46.3	57.7	New York.	
48.02	40.32	19.73	40.65	69.64	49.47	23.07	45.71	91	—22	45.3	67.7	New York.	
48.40	41.28	23.68	39.78	68.61	50.18	26.00	46.14	90	— 1	43.8	47.2	New York.	
49.43	43.26	27.59	41.61	69.71	50.67	28.62	47.65	88	5	40.4	42.6	New York.	
49.33	42.08	32.68	45.18	72.29	51.31	32.73	50.38	95	2	44.6	48.4	Pennsylvania.	
50.20	41.48	32.05	46.60	72.84	51.27	31.53	50.56	92	— 4	41.4	54.6	Pennsylvania.	
56.06		36.30	48.46	74.00		36.42		98	10		....	Pennsylvania.	
58.23	51.36	40.37	51.51	75.73	59.16	39.44	56.46	92	12	35.5	44.5	Maryland.	
60.65	52.67	45.75	53.54	76.13	61.59	44.04	58.82	94	18	35.2	40.8	Virginia.	
66.28	59.84	55.58	63.50	81.30	67.98	53.72	66.37	95	24	28.6	22.4	South Carolina.	
65.58	58.30	55.04	66.61	81.52	67.04	......	......	96	31 32		--	Georgia. East Florida.	
77.17	74.36	72.57		82.90	78.06	......	......	95	52	....		East coast of Peninsula,	near
77.41	73.54	74.17	......	......	78.03	......	......	91	59	....	....	Florida. [Cape Florida.	
				81.65				95		....		N 'r Charlotte harbor, W.	coast
72.02	......	......	73.65	80.40	......	......		91	44		....	Tampa Bay, Fla. [Peninsula.	
66.96	55.57	52.04	67.11	79.47	66.95	53.33	66.72	95	26	28.3	40.7	Alabama. Mississippi.	
66.41	60.58	55.49	68.09	......	......	56.71		98	24	....	....	Louisiana.	
65.47		51.17	71.07	82.36		57.90		100	21	....	....	Louisiana.	
63.12	51.71	39.29	60.17	76.37	63.37	44.14	61.01	95	7	34.0	54.0	Indian Territory.	
65.53	53.57	37.16	59.59 62.22	79.64	65.38	43.50	62.03	97 92	1 4	35.0	61.0	Indian Territory. Arkansas.	
62.48	50.52	36.01	57.13	80.44	62.85	40.51	60.23	100	— 1	38.0	61.2	Indian Territory.	
58.20	46.09	27.41	50.89	78.02	58.64	32.55	55.02	98	— 3	43.0	58.0	Kansas.	
57.44	47.28	31.04	51.14	79.24	58.09	33.44	55.48	95	— 2	39.6	57.5	Missouri.	
54.15	44.72	29.85	50.45	77.79	55.39	31.24	53.72	102	— 5	48.3	58.7	Missouri.	
54.40	47.18		51.30	76.91	56.15			98	0	....	....	Kentucky.	
49.58	44.21	25.98	44.97	71.97	51.46	28.80	49.30	93	—13	53.7	62.3	Michigan.	
48.08	42.25	24.42	40.08	68.93	49.23	26.91	46.29	94	—16	47.7	62.3	Michigan.	
45.22	36.14	19.58	35.90	65.52	46.76	22.11	42.57	86	—10	43.4	52.6	Michigan	
45.29	37.38	18.66	37.04	64.34	45.71	20.73	41.96	94	—11	52.0	53.0	Michigan.	
47.33	34.69	17.84	38.97	68-22	46.11	21.00	43.57	91	-14	47.4	57.6	Green Bay, Wisconsin.	
42.85	30.50	6.03	34.60	65.94	42.65	8.99	38.05	90	—28	52.0	60.0	Upper Mississippi river,	Min
49.22	33.73	12.42	37.76	73.42	48.00	14.69	43.47	98	—24	54.5	67.5	Minnesota.	
55.84	42.19	25.20	48.10	75.74	55.27	28.67	51.94	100	—11	48.1	62.9	Kansas.	
41.98	35.31 39.14	19.15 24.50	43.52	72.05	47.04	23.11	46.43	100	—12	53.6	53.4	Platte river, Nebraska. Arkansas river, Kansas.	
60.68	52.92								0		• • ■ «	Canadian river, Indian Ter.	
 
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METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.                          345
MONTHLY, AND EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE FOR 1850.
Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter. •	Year.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.	LOCALITY.
66.82	53.67	38.87	61.82	81.69	66.06	46.48	64.01	107	7	43.0	56.0	Northern Texas.
66.62	55.94	40.35	62.84	82.60	66.99	......	......	104	5	....	....	Colorado river, Texas.
68.51	54.72	40.17	64.03	79.86	67.16	50.24	65.32	103	4	37.7	61.1	Texas.
70.58	56.94	43.41	63.20	79.14	69.34	50.40	65.52	102	9	36.5	54.5	Texas.
62.05	51.47	39.18	61.96	75.99	62.35	48.57	62.21	96	10	4.38	51.2	Texas.
73.27	63.63	47.67	74.67	83.74	73.32	53.91	71.41	101	18	2.96	53.4	Texas.
76.26	67.26	58.22	73.32	83.32	76.08	62.24	73.49	98	22	24.5	51.5	Rio Grande, Texas.
77.08	66.60	55.65	74.64	87.72	75.58	62.23	75.54	107	18	31.5	67.5	Rio Grande, Texas.
75.73	62.85	50.80	73.02	86.15	75.07	57.47	72.92	107	17	34.1	55.9	Rio Grande, Texas.
74.70	63.49	50.22	70.46	83.57	74.19	55.86	71.02	105	12	34.0	59.0	Rio Grande, Texas.
68.02	61.14	45.81	64.98	81.26	70.39	52.19	67.20	101	20	33.8	47.2	Southwestern Texas.
77.15	• •••••	»•••••	65.19	80.25				101	30	....	....	Southwestern Texas.
70.00		38.37						101	4	....	....	Rio Grande, Southern N.Mex.
60.38	43.91	29.71	55.79	78.45	59.30	33.19	56.68	104	— 1	47.3	57.7	Rio Grande, New Mexico.
55.52	40.81	25.96	52.47	73.70	54.80	33.89	53.57	94	— 3	40.4	58.6	Rio Grande, New Mexico.
59.06	41.03	25.54	51.37	74.03	56.80	33.47	53.92	100	3	46.1	50.9	New Mexico.
48.88	32.98	21.73	46.42	68.37	49.44	31.39	48.90	97	—29	46.1	77.9	Border of the Plains, Eastern
55.75		23.25 51.70				28.47		100 84	—11 15	....	• • • •	New Mexico. [N. Mexico. Upper New Mexico. Colorado river, California.
66.28	56.52	48.69	58.71	68.63	64.75	50.79	60.72	97	29	36.3	31.7	Southern California.
65.53	58.50	50.60	......	......	65.84	......	......	96	33	....	....	Coast of Southern California.
57.01	53.49	49.09	53.70 53.15	57.33	56.69	49.39	54.78	74 70?	30	19.2	24.8	California. California.
64.30	54.44 53.81	46.45 49.16		68.00	61.25	47.66		103	28 28	....	....	California. San Pablo Bay, California.
66.00	50.25	43.09	59.54	......	......	44.34		107	24	....	....	Marysville, California.
55.45	46.44	40.66	......	......	53.76	......	......	75	22	....	....	Astoria, Oregon.
53.83	43.11	35.78	51.36	65.12	52.85	38.30	51.91	91	19 20	39.1	32.9	Oregon. [Oregon. Mouth of Willamette river,
52.64	37.93	32.55	......	......	49.33	......	......		5	....	....	Columbia river, Oregon.
51.87	41.21	37.15	47.81	62.93	49.86	37.38	49.49	86	20 — 8	36.5	29.5	Puget's Sound, Wash'n Ter. Near Fort Hall, Oregon.
44 
346
METEOROLOGICAL    REGISTER
MONTHLY  SUMMARIES  OF AMOUNT OF RAIN, 1850.
Fort Sullivan..........
Foi-t Preble............
Fort Constitution.......
Fort Adams...........
Fort Trumbull.........
Fort Hamilton.........
Fort Columbus.........
West Point.............
Watervliet Ai-senal.....
Plattsbui-g Barracks___
Madison Barracks......
Fort Ontario...........
Fort Niagara..........
Alleghany Arsenal.....
Carlisle Barracks.......
Fort Mifflin............
Fort McIIenry.........
Fort Monroe...........
Fort Moultrie..........
Oglethorpe Barracks ...
Key West..............
Fort Brooke...........
Mount Vernon Arsenal
East Pascagoula.......
New Orleans Barracks .
Baton Rouge Barracks.
Fort Towson..........,
Fort Washita........
Fort Smith.............
Fort Gibson..........,
Fort Scott.............
rJifferson Barracks ....
it. Louis Arsenal......
Newport Barracks.....,
Detroit Barracks.......
Fort Gratiot  ........,
Fort Mackinac.........
Fort Brady............
Fort Howard..........,
Fort Ripley............
FortSnelling...........
Fort Leavenworth.....
Fort Kearney..........
Fort Laramie..........
Fort Arbuckle..........
87  0
83  0
.36   0
,67 j  0
   I
10   2
 2.80
 2.70
 3.45
 6.62
10.CS
 5.C5
 4.64
 4.84
 0.84
 0.28
 2.13
 0.37
 0.49
 2.74
 8.711
 5.39
 5.90
 3.04
 G 01
 7.00

 3.50
 2.09

 2.27
 3.13
 2.85
 2.49
 1.55
 4.90
 2.40
 4.66
 4.89
12.74
 3.84
 3.19
 0.32
 1.83

 1.05
 2.23
 3.64
 1.06
 1.31
April.
1.50
4.60
4.70
4 97
7.43
1.44
2.72
4.30
2.92
3.78
2.87
3.39
0.46?
2.59
2.83
2.9S
3.85
2.47
2.59
6.72

1.65
4.22

4.10
9.40?
4.79
3.33
5.28
4.73
3.13
5.02
5.85
9.34
2.00
2.61
0.73
2.15

2.67
2.60
1.74
1.07
May.
 5.10
15.50?
 8.31
 5.75
 8.52
 6.74
 9.20
 8.26
 4.70
 7.13
 6.15
 3.04
*0.70
 3.30
 4.83
 7.65
 3.C8
 3.24
 4.10
 6.00

 3.98
 6.72

 6.20
 4.19
 2.04
 4.22
 3.12
 0.375
 2.19
 3.46
 3.41
 3.58
 0.29
 1.02
 0.50
 0.70

 1.52
 0.57
 2.82
 2.SS
1.03  1.41
6.10
4.80
2.73
2.42
5.C9
2 11
3.07
3.83
1.91
2.58
1.64
2.03
6.64
2.62
3.38
1.65
1.66
1.12
0.78
1.20

2.05
2.01

8.92
9.01
5.C6
5.67
3.27
4 58
4.80
1.52
0.17
5.82
2.65
4.79
1.68
2.92
4.92
6.00
4.62
5.99
9.93
1.40
July.
 7.10
 2.90
 2.04
 4.01
 9.39
 3.68
 3.92
 5.89
 5.27
 4.12
 7.57
 6.09
 6.37
 2.82
 8.90
 5.23
 3.10
18.01
 2.32
14.80
 2.02
11.98
 6.44

 6.31
 4.28
 3.29
 3.30

 1.00
 0.27
 2.95
 3.08
10.66
 2.85
 3.06
 5.05
 8.15
 6.34
11.92
 6.15
 1.63
 5.38
 1.80
Aug. | Sept.
 2.58
 3.85
 6.50
 3.65
 8.94
 6.16
 7.21
 5.13
 3.34
 1.38
 3.12
 1.25
 5.17
 1.27
 2.72
 6.84
 4.70
 3.27
 4.03
12.67
 3.38
 5.43
 5.13
 1.76

 3.75
 4.39
 4.80

 3.00
 5.45
 5.20
 1.17
12.70
 3.56
 1.80
 4.10
 4.09
 6.94
 2.51
 2.97
 2.27
 1.66
 0.51
 4.80
 5.95
 6.68
 5.23
12.95
 4.20
 4.71
 8.14
 4.23
 4.56
 4.75
 2.40
 7.25
 3.62
 5.65
 S.45
 4.70
 2.31
 2.68
 3.37
 3.93
 2.71
 0.15
 1.03

 3.58
 2.63
 2.30

 0.35
 0.52
 2.75
 2.20
 3.62
 2.11
 1.73
 5.52
 4.90
 2.69
 1.77
 1.82
 0.72
 0.43
 0.22
Oct.	Nov.
3.24	3.00
3.45	2.80
2.76	2.48
3.58	2.39
5.89	4.45
1.83	1.98
3.16	2.33
2.34	2.17
3.37	1.69
7.64	3.10
12.39	3.93
5.59	4.81
3.10	3.06
4.29	2.19
4.08	0.87
1.54	
3.10	4.30
0.76	1.92
o.ss	1.99
0.70	0.80
4.18	0.01
2.89	
0.85	2.32
0.96	1.58
1.03	
5.19	6.21
2.56	5.14
3.75	4.75
1.56	4.39
1.75	4.11
2.45	4.65
1.80	6.45
1.11	2.36
1.01	2.19
5.05	8.15
4.00	1.35
1.10	2.59
1.45	3.65
0.82	1.68
0.85	3.84
0.26	1.57
0.28	0.22
1.70	5.40
Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.
4.80	9.40	15.78	11.04
4.50	22.80	11.05	12.20
2.22	16.46	11.27	11.92
6.58	17.54	10.08	11.20
10.38	26.63	27.02	23.29
5.77	13.73	11.95	8.01
5.36	17.56	14.20	10.20
5.65	17.40	14. ?5	12.65
2.75	8.46	10.52	9.29
7.25	11.19	8.08	15.80
6.26	11.15	12.33	21.07
2.90	6.80	7.37	12.80
1.S2	1.05	18.18	13.41
4.76	8.63	6.71	10.10
3.81	10.91	15.00	10.60
4.66	16.02	13.72	
4.40	12.83	9.46	12.10
7.10	8.75	22.40	4.99
4.64	12.70	7.13	5.55
3.27	19.72	28.67	4.87
2.10			7.32
	9.13	19.46	
5.22	18.03	12.58	3.32
3.46	12.57		
9.28?	16.72	17.04	
5.07	9.68	12.73	14.06
3.75	11.04 9.95	13.77	10.00
3.00	10.00	8.58	8.85
2.21	7.72	10.52	6.45
3.32	13.14	9.67	8.61
2.17	14.15	4.42	9.30
	25.66?	29.38?	11.87
1.49	6.13	9.06	5.58
1.98	6.82	9.65	4.93
0.40	1.53	10.83	13.72
2.91	4.68	15.16	10.25
0.95		18.20	6.38
0.51	5.24	20.43	6.87
0.04	5.40	18.74	8.82
0.76	7.70	9.89	5.41
0.30	5.01	16.97	2.26
1.25	3.75	3.71	0.72?
10.95
12.55
11.08
15.33
26.04
12.20
13.57
15.04
 4.96
 9.33
12.97
 5.66
 6.50
11.97
10.85
11.47
10.41
13.62
10.42
19.62

15.39
33.87
18.17
 7.53

 7.57
 5.32
 8.19
 7.26

 4.63
 4.85
 0.83
 5.57

 2.78
 2.54
 4.07
 0.83
Year.
 47.17
 59.00
 50.73
 54.15
102.98?
 45.89
 54.53
 57.94
 83.23
 43.90
 57.51
 32.63
 39.74
 37.41
 47.36

 43.80
 49.76
 35.80
48.55
49.64
42.34

35.00
30.01
89.61
85.13

25.40
25.75
26.91
35.66

35.32
25.50
27.07
25.07 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
347
MONTHLY SUMMARIES OF AMOUNT OF RAIN, 1850.
STATIONS.	Jan.	Feb.	Mar.	April.	May.	June.	July.	Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
Fort Worth....................	0.60	0.30 0.90 0.69 2.07 3.80 0.61 0.72 0.12 0.71 0.52 0.05 lr10 1.26 1.13 2.00 1.68 0.60 2.60 4.83	1.20 1.35 3.10 1.57 1.37 2.30 1.93 0.46 0.02 1.42 0.60 0r01 0.63 1.00 1.00 1.30 8.38 2.45 5.60 6.71 6.70 3.87	4.70 4.25 3.40 4.60 8.34 0.05 0.79 0.51 0.98 1.11 0.50 0.42 0.02 0.55 0.02 0.65 0.09 0.33 1.40 0.60 1.00 8.27	6.90 2.57 5.00 3.45 3.22 2.20 4.55 3.70 1.00 1.07 2.50 0.12 0.21 0.23 2.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.40 0.80	7.30 4.83 5.60 10.28 9.63 0.06 2.76 4.93 5.51 7.00 0.17 0.18 0.28 0.80 0.68 0.00 0.01 0.00 3.22 0.40	0.50 1.50 1.60 1.71 3.10 1.16 0.17 1.19 2.85 2.70 1.29 1.26 0.85 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.35 0.01 0.20	3.70 3.95 0.69 0.37 0.17 0.01 0.11 0.07 0.60 3.19 0.70 0.54 0.45 0.26 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00	0.51 0.60 0.45 1.18 0.39 0.25 0.08 0.00 0.10 1.50 2.80 0.05 0.24 0.51 1.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 1.80 0.98 0.09 1.20	2.24 3.77 0.28 0.99 0.81 5.79 0.58 2.21 1.30 1.70 0.60 1.81 0.28 1.58 0.00 0.88 0.19 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.01 6.70 2.69 0.91 2.40	4.90 1.09 1.02 3.87 2.34 0.69 2.91 2.68 3.70 8.60 4.60 0.92 1.02 0.55 0.12 2.82 3.28 0.61 2.33 1.03 2.10 13.20? 4.90 1.14 5.14	5.10 11.03 2.56 2.74 2.90 0.15 0.01 0.49 1.40 2.10 1.10 0.44 0.61 1.84 3.12 1.60 1.93 2.22 2.98 3.7S 2.18 2.00 6.20 1.29 0.19? 2.62	12.80 8.17 11.50 9.62 7.93 4.55 7.27 4.67 2.00 2.60 1.14 0.24 1.41 1.09 1.68 7.01 7.71 8.00	11.50 10.2S 7.89 12.36 12.90 1 23 3.04 6.19 8.96 12.89 2.00 1.89 1.39 0.68 0.00 0.00 11.57 0.60	7.65 5.46 1.75 6.04 3.54 6.73 3.57 4.89 5.10 6.80 5.25 2.97 1.81 8.50 0.12 3.01 8.48 0.63 1.04 21.70? 8.57 2.14 8.74	6 00 4.46 P. 50 5.61 8.25 3.76 1.60 1.92 3.19 1.01 3.39 3.06 7.93 8.30 8.91 10.55 15.97	37.95 25.60 33.52 29.98 20.76 17.64 17.35 17.98 25.48 7.12 9.69 7.84 10.29 38.40 83.31
																	
	1.00 1.07 0.64 4.30 3.14 0.39 0.40 0.38																
																	
																	
																	
																	
																	
																	
																	
El Paso........................																	
	0.05																
																	
	0.45																
																	
																	
Taos..........................																	
	0.00																
																	
	2.95																
																	
																	
	4.44 6.31 6.66 8.52																
																	
																	
Dalles of Columbia..............																	
Cantonment Loring..............																	
* For the last 12 days.                              f Name changed to Columbia Barracks in September.



            At Fort Trumbull and Newport Barracks the quantity of rain is largely in excess. 
348                                METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
SUMMARY OF  WEATHER
STATIONS.
Fort Sullivan......
Fort Preble........
Fort Constitution..
Fort Adams........
Fort Trumbull.....
Fort Hamilton.....
Fort Columbus.....
West Point........
Plattsburg Barracks
Madison Barracks..
Fort Ontario......
Fort Niagara......
Alleghany Arsenal.
Carlisle Barracks...
Fort Mifflin  (a)___
Fort Mc Henry.......
Fort Monroe.........
Fort Moultrie........
Oglethorpe Bar'ks (6).
Key West (c)........
Fort Brooke (d)......
Mt. Vernon  Arsenal..
N.Orleans Bar'ks (e).
Baton Rouge Bar. (/).
Fort Towson........
Fort Washita........
Fort Gibson.........
Fort Scott...........
Jefferson Barracks. ..
St. Louis Arsenal....
Newport Barracks (g-)
Detroit Barracks.....
Fort Gratiot.........
Fort Mackinac.......
Fort Brady..........
Fort Howard........
Fort Ripley.........
Fort Snelling........
Fort Leavenworth....
Fort Kearney.......
Fort Worth.........
Fort Graham (ft).....
Fort Gates..........
Fort Croghan........
Fort Martin  Scott....
DAYS.
147
188
159
191
186
212
200
158
153
170
176
142
161
191
170
212
206
200
188
112
216
197
143
191
178
201
213
188
190
208
194
189
198
149
161
164
217
189
177
211
247
207
214
240
234
Cloudy.
218
177
206
174
179
153
165
207
212
195
158
204
204
174
165
153
159
165
139
 72
 88
168
149
141
187
164
152
177
175
157
140
176
167
216
204
201
148
176
188
154
118
 99
151
125
131
 69
 64
 83
 88
105
 80
 92
108
 70
102
 58
 86
114
 89
 94
 94
109
112
 88
 46
 91
 97
 79
 93
 93
 92
 58
 68
 85
 74
 71
 76
 80
 71
 83
 72
 68
 66
 63
 58
 52
 61
 84
 69
 90
46
37
33
 9
22
21
19
40
25
36
34
39
27
20
12
10
 5
 1
 0
 0
 0
 0
 0
 1
 2
 6
 7
15
20
16
14
37
40
52
60
60
46
34
19
28
 8
 2
 3
 4
 4
DAYS.
41
78
64
28
16
37
28
84
51
23
 0
25
38
13
33
34
27
39
10
37
13
29
49
38
61
26
66
53
53
64
73
23
45
68
16
26
45
32
44
43
31
18
46
27
19
N. E.
37
19
20
35
72
35
46
 9
26
43
52
28
34
18
24
66
55
71
52
40
60
61
24
33
 7
40
46
41
13
21
23
48
47
44
11
32
13
27
39
50
24
17
 9
21
30
13
13
32
26
 4
30
23
 2
15
35
 0
33
16
71
21
22
62
 9
18
32
45
18
33
41
57
55
22
33
47
37
23
50
55
43
60
30
29
36
18
20
16
27
 8
16
 8
S. E.
29
25
18
30
28
28
25
24
18
15
79
22
13
28
29
23
29
43
32
26
30
70
 9
46
17
38
20
31
20
23
 9
 9
31
29
75
13
72
52
46
30
31
58
23
61
85
 44
 16
 67
 28
 14
 37
 36
 90
 96
 59
  0
 43
 23
 23
 48
 26
 21
 42
 12
 13
 16
 31
 38
 48
 64
 58
 33
 90
135
 69
 63
 19
 46
 29
 22
 44
 40
 47
 94
 34
100
 50
133
 59
 68
S. W.
 58
 36
 24
 65
 96
 50
 42
 28
 42
 65
120
 62
 65
 24
 65
 39
 49
 74
 41
 10
 53
 35
 53
 44
  9
 73
 43
 40
 31
 27
 25
 37
 38
 38
 31
 46
 20
 52
 18
 50
 29
 34
 21
 82
 32
W.
 51
101
 65
 86
 31
 20
 56
 15
 62
 85
  0
 69
 40
122
 65
 52
 66
 25
 42
  6
 35
 14
 36
 34
 18
 38
 24
 31
 42
 57
 70
127
 55
 53
 46
 81
 66
 38
 13
 32
 27
 14
 25
 18 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
349
OBSERVATIONS  FOR  1850.
WINDS.
No. of observat'ons and sum of force.
N. | N. E. 1	E.	S. E.	
163	386	149	323	50	108	116	251	156	303	232	445	214	396	303	640
310	745	75	180	52	124	101	227	64	134	146	342	402	694	271	486
258	585	81	228	129	305	71	156	266	485	96	211	260	532	274	644
113	405	139	493	105	286	119	312	111	242	260	592	344	856	239	877
63	171	290	892	17	54	112	307	55	155	383	1009	123	371	398	1170
147	360	142	348	121	275	110	235	148	353	200	598	80	244	486	1606
111	264	185	367	92	194	100	224	144	322	170	352	222	488	357	972
338	856	35	67	9	21	95	236	359	765	114	243	61	145	384	1036
205	280	104	151	59	67	74	89	382	553	171	215	248	352	171	264
92	180	171	304	140	222	59	100	235	476	260	514	339	902	83	203
0	0	210	516	0	0	315	588	0	0	481	889	0	0	435	1259
102	299	111	322	132	329	90	171	170	339	250	683	275	848	172	522
152	253	136	239	65	93	53	94	94	211	260	672	161	473	86	222
54	139	72	161	285	554	111	291	91	233	98	191	489	1090	209	631
133	326	94	245	84	194	117	286	194	382	259	606	261	643	149	393
137	377	262	672	87	174	94	222	103	265	157	437	209	495	199	636
110	231	218	464	249	590	118	249	83	184	196	447	265	558	189	431
158	552	285	1184	37	100	172	626	167	665	296	1118	99	344	172	619
41	72	209	422	73	159	127	242	48	86	164	330	170	336	115	253
148	556	159	525	128	429	106	372	52	137	41	125	24	71	27	88
52	84	239	456	180	310	121	202	65	100	214	412	139	236	126	136
116	327	244	548	74	163	282	628	123	227	141	274	76	170	330	764
196	328	94	160	133	179	38	57	151	299	211	351	144	210	93	168
152	316	131	117	164	289	185	290	194	274	175	265	135	236	123	220
245	545	28	54	230	427	67	143	254	485	35	75	72	146	37	105
106	291	159	454	221	601	152	403	233	578	294	757	151	441	89	264
265	721	185	453	89	247	79	222	133	343	174	458	96	239	275	594
214	392	165	278	134	186	126	222	361	902	161	396	125	225	123	220
213	626	51	112	188	462	79	185	539	1368	125	351	169	450	64	196
257	414	84	187	148	193	91	129	277	441	108	201	227	487	116	302
290	705	92	216	91	164	35	69	254	' 441	101	249	281	736	103	330
92	183	193	371	200	401	36	60	76	, 148	148	331	508	905	150	266
179	410	188	469	219	427	125	144	185	406	153	433	222	536	123	346
273	458	175	381	174	450	117	279	117	223	152	438	213	577	149	335
62	159	45	143	241	672	301	826	89	210	124	369	183	533	246	966
105	319	127	328	119	230	53	133	176	419	186	426	326	768	79	192
179	367	54	116	116	225	289	699	160	357	79	222	265	608	180	456
127	267	108	232	146	277	207	414	187	390	210	409	152	379	149	476
177	219	157	190	•70	83	184	274	378	613	73	141	54	94	261	399
172	444	199	426	82	159	122	271	137	308	200	423	130	170	216	523
126	393	95	289	64	164	125	364	400	1204	118	348	108	225	71	199
71	, 190	69	155	110	148	233	395	201	275	137	238	58	97	104	225
186	551	34	104	33	61	93	224	531	1404	86	203	100	200	156	415
108	318	86	257	63	128	246	621	238	568	326	699	72	146	158	387
77	241	119	317	30	60	342	837	274	579	127	315	20	34	174	713
 
350                                METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
SUMMARY OF WEATHER
WEATHER.
STATIONS.
San Antonio.......
Fort Brown.......
Ringgold Barracks.
Fort Mcintosh.....
Fort Duncan......
Fort Inge (i)......
Fort Lincoln (&)...
Socorro..........
Albuquerque ......
Cebolletta.........
Las Vegas (.).......
Santa Fe (m)......
San Diego  (n).....
San Luis Rey (o) ..
Monterey.........
Benicia. (p).......
Camp Far West (17)
Fort Vancouver ...
Astoria  (r)........
Fort Steilacoom (s).
Fair.
256
247
228
231
255
231
201
290
239
263
216
184
226
129
199
205
162
219
 69
137
Cloudy.
109
118
137
134
110
134
164
 75
126
102
 88
 49
139
 41
166
120
 77
146
 84
228
Rain.
 58
 49
 59
 64
 60
 68
 47
 55
 48
 46
 25
 22
 35
 12
 45
 46
 57
 98
 44
106
Snow.
 4
 1
 0
 2
 1
 1
 1
13
12
35
22
17
 0
 0
 4
 1
 0
 0
 0
20
WINDS.
 28
 18
 25
 16
 39
  6
 45
 64
101
 21
 32
  9
 21
  3
 73
  4
 46
 26
  1
 80
N. E.	E.	S. E.	s.
62	46	73	59
39	12	223	8
23	40	154	26
48	41	174	8
31	99	68	60
14	17	87	21
14	17	87	127
24	39	39	72
24	31	28	78
11	16	27	17
19	16	19	44
24	15	38	16
10	22	49	19
24	8	11	1
6	2	5	38
17	25	11	11
12	6	9	120
21	66	21	32
8	57	4	8
49	16	23	6
W.      W.     N.W
 47
 15
  7
  8
 10
 11
 56
 36
 22
 18
 40
 37
 41
 13
 64
144
 11
 22
 29
 56
 10
  7
  6
  6
 12
  1
 10
 27
 26
 51
 69
 25
 58
 21
 76
 18
 12
152
 36
 26
 24
 41
 24
 44
 15
 4
 17
 36
 20
 67
 24
 37
 43
 86
 64
 8
 11
25
 4
75
(a) November omitted.
(6) Except January.
(c) Last six months.
(d) First ten months.
(e) August and September omitted.
(/) Except November.
(g) Except December.
(h) Last ten months.
({) Winds for the last six months.
(fc) Rain not noted for the first three months.
(I) Imperfect.
(m) Seven months, Jan. to April, July, Aug , and Oct.
(n) Winds not observed in January.
(o) Last six months.
(p) Except April and May.
(q) First five and last three months.
(r) Last five months.
(s) Except December. 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.                           351
OBSERVATIONS FOR 1850.
WINDS.
No. of observations and sum of force.															
N.		N.	E.	E		s.	E.	s.		s.w.		w.		N. W.	
110	249	247	652	185	334	293	708	235	475	188	495	42	83	97	321
72	180	156	365	48	104	891	2034	33	79	59	126	30	69	166	319
101	287	93	204	160	363	617	1846	106	258	29	86	22	24	96	224
64	128	194	319	162	263	697	1609	31	61	33	45	23	36	178	375
156	391	126	301	398	883	272	640	239	516	40	87	48	105	59	168
23	31	56	109	68	130	347	614	83	140	44	88	3	7	16	32
179	412	58	98	69	81	348	571	507	795	226	188	42	54	67	117
256	500	97	171	156	233	157	278	290	513	145	285	108	158	144	306
405	749	97	202	124	349	112	310	314	693	89	286	106	311	81	237
82	135	46	71	64	94	109	169	69	105	112	175	204	349	270	439
129	315	75	180	62	163	75	172	174	452	162	510	275	581	97	298
37	43	97	121	58	83	151	212	63	74	150	211	98	140	150	189
84	149	39	73	88	126	195	418	77	135	164	411	232	519	174	493
13	24	96	235	31	76	44	96	3	9	52	128	84	207	344	1053
291	494	23	37	10	16	19	34	151	220	255	425	302	495	258	444
17	38	69	123	98	213	44	138	43	121	677	1885	74	178	33	75
184	337	50	93	26	30	35	69	461	1103	43	95	50	91	45	83
104	200	82	141	265	378	83	156	127	211	89	144	608	1054	99	182
5	9	30	73	227	462	18	32	30	57	118	221	143	307	15	27
321	434	195	325	63	141	92	163	23	48	226	627	106	232	300	407
 
352
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF JANUARY, 1851.
Fort Sullivan.........
Fort Preble...........
Fort Constitution.....
Fort Adams..........
Fort Trumbull.......
Fort Hamilton........
Fort Columbus........
West Point...........
Watervliet Arsenal....
Plattsburg Barracks...
Madison Barracks.....
Fort Ontario.........
Fort Niagara.........
Alleghany Arsenal....
Carlisle Barracks......
Fort Mifflin..........
Fort McHenry........
Fort Monroe.........
Fort Moultrie.........
Key West Barracks...
Fort Myers...........
Barrancas Barracks ...
Mount Vernon Arsenal
New Orleans Barracks
Baton Rouge Barracks.
Fort Towson.........
Fort Washita.........
Fort Gibson..........
Fort Scott............
Jefferson Barracks ....
St. Louis Arsenal.....
Newport Barracks.....
Detroit Barracks......
Fort Gratiot.........
Fort Mackinac........
Fort Brady...........
Fort Howard.........
Fort Ripley...........
Fort Snelling.........
Fort Leavenworth
Fort Kearney.........
Fort Laramie.........
Fort Atkinson........
Fort Arbuckle.........
Fort AV'orth..........
Fort Graham.........
Fort Gates...........,
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
S. R.
 17.35
 16.74
 18.80
 30.32
 28.09
 31.80
 28.93
 25.06
 19.25
 14.48
 19.22
 25.16
 26.64
 27.87
 26.80,
 27.80
 32.29
 39.45
 47.16
 71.06
 59.90
 49.68
 46.48
 48.29
 44.74
 35.87
 35.03
 31.35
 26.80
 31.19
 27.00
 32.00
 24.64
 19.83
 17.07
 13.68
 17.06
 5.29
 9.32
 26.09
 19.12
 28.77
 24.93
29.03
 35.48
37.67
37.16
9 A. M.   3 P. M.   9 P. M
21.16
18.80
21.90
31.80
31.61
33.80
31.38
28.19
22.83
18.00
21.00
24.36
27.58
32.30
30.74
34.00
37.45
40.00
50.96
74.16
66.09
52.26
48.87
54.11
53.74
40.29
40.70
41.58
33.45
33.03
31.35
34.84
29.09
25.09
20.70
17.32
18.74
 9.51
13.09
28.83
27.16
32.29
31.30
37.38
42.93
46.90
47.06
 26.38
 24.29
 27.80
 35.93
 36.04
 40.00
 36.90
 34.58
 25.67
 23.70
 26.48
 28.07
 31.64
 38.58
 38.16
 40.77
 42.32
 47.10
 56.45
 76.67
 71.61
 60.13
 58.67
 62.98
 62.56
 56.48
 56.00
 54.32
 43.09
 42.67
 40.35
 41.48
 33.25
 32.16
 20.87
 22.32
 25.09
 16.12
 21.25
 40.22
 37.32
 49.00
 48.42
 52.48
59.25
61.22
63.64
21.19
20.22
22.77
34.03
30.80
34.00
31.39
29.97
20.35
18.29
22.54
24.58
28.90
31.12
29.83
30.12
37.16
43.20
49.80
73.43
64.19
53.81
51.03
52.34
50.70
44.61
44.00
40.48
32.48
35.03
31.55
37.36
26.90
25.61
19.22
17.45
19.70
 6.09
16.12
32.83
24.35
32.22
33.77
38.22
45.48
47.29 !
43.51 i
21.52
20.01
22.82
33.03
32.22
34.90
32.15
29.45
22.03
18.62
22.31
25.69
28.69
32.47
31.38
33.17
37.30
42.44
51.09
73.85
65.45
54.00
51.26
54.43
52.94
44.31
43.93
41.91
33.71
35.48
32.56
36.42
28.47
25.67
19.47
17.69
20.15
 9.20
14.95
32.00
27.00
35.57
34.61
39.28
45.78
48.27
47.84
Range.
Max.  Min.
 45
 38
 44
 50
 51
 60
 51
 57
 40
 47
 46
 49
 49
 62
 62
 55
 50
 64
 68
 82
 79
 72
 72
 81
 78
 70
 73
 71
 63
 65
 62
 60
 52
 50
38
37
 41
35
 44
50
 62
 60
 68
 69
 76
 76
 80
—10
—12
—12
   5
   7
   9
—16
—17
— 6
   1
   3
   6
   8
  15
  14
  20
  59
  40
  30
  27
  30
  27
  18
  15
  13
   4
   0
   1
— 2
— 2
—11
  27
  30
—19
—39
—28
   0
- 3
   5
   4
  14
  18
  19
  19
 23.5
 18.0
 21.2
 17.0
 18.8
 24.1
 18.9
 27.6
 18.0
 28.4
 23.7
 23.4
 20.4
 29.6
 32.7
 21.9
 12.7
 21.6
 17.0
 8.2
 13.6
 18.0
 21.8
 26.6
 25.1
 25.7
 29.1
 29.1
 29.3
 29.6
 29.5
 23.6
 23.6
 24.4
 18.6
 19.4
20.9
25.8
29.1
 18.0
35.0
24.5
33.4
29.2
30.3
 27.8
 32.2
Below
mean.
No. of Observations
 31.5
 32.0
 34.8
 28.0
 25.2
 25.9
 24.1
 23.4
 30.0
 34.6
 39.3
 31.6
 27.6
 35.4
 25.3
 24.1
 22.3
 28.4
 31.0
 14.8
 25.4
 24.0
 24.2
 24.4
25.9
 26.3
28.9
28.9
29.7
35.4
31.5
38.4
30.4
36.6
 46.4
 47.6
39.1
48.2
42.9
32.0
30.0
40.5
30.6
25.8
27.7
29.2
29.8
N.		N. E.		E.	
14	18	10	17	3	5
33	72	8	23	2	3
16	38	10	17	4	8
9	29	8	31	8	22
1	1	25	44	0	0
16	46	10	24	8	23
18	37	15	24	7	8
13	43	6	15	1	2
31	110	0	0	0	0
54	71	7	11	1	1
5	15	26	54	8	16
0	0	20	44	0	0
2	3	6	11	10	12
6	6	4	4	8	11
2	6	1	1	20	40
15	33	3	6	17	35
7	28	21	42	4	7
8	26	28	69	8	17
28	126	14	43	3	6
30	110	16	57	27	73
6	25	48	125	17	33
17	31	14	19	27	34
7	20	42	143	1	3
38	79	9	17	24	39
32	63	19	32	17	21
31	62	2	4	23	50
19	61	9	15	13	36
28	92	8	31	3	12
18	44	9	11	2	2
14	28	0	0	0	0
9	12	5	11	11	12
48	140	3	4	5	8
6	8	13	25	9	12
23	47	7	11	7	10
27	68	11	31	14	44
5	20	1	1	24	66
14	25	11	35	5	10
32	73	6	8	0	0
7	11	12	17	10	19
34	47	10	11	0	0
38	85	11	29	0	0
0	0	3	3	0	0
18		14		1	..
11	24	2	5	5	12
50	53	9	5	28	48
7	19	25	37	1	1
26	75	4	10	6	12
 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
353
MONTH OF JANUARY, 1851.																					
WINDS.											WEATHER. ]							IAIN AND SNOW.			
and sum of force.											Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		0 5 1	REMARKS.
	S. E.		S.		S. W.		w.		N. W.		S. R.	.A.M.	3 P. M.	.P.M.	Mean.	&H	>> ■o 3 O 5	0 "3	0 0 Ul		
	4	17	9	26	n	20	30	54	43	62	4.03	4.70	5.54	0.64	3.74	12	19	4	9	2.81	
	2	5	4	9	2	7	38	66	35	53	4.70	5.22	5.03	5.87	5.20	14	17	1	9	3.55	
	3	9	7	29	11	18	40	81	33	71	2.09	3.58	3.74	4.32	3.43	12	19	2	6	2.13	
	12	36	12	28	22	81	26	69	27	99	4.77	4.74	4.35	5.97	4.95	14	17	5	0	3.12	
	5	12	5	14	32	69	11	16	45	L04	3.19	4.22	5.00	5.29	4.42	13	18	6	2	4.60	
	2	6	13	41	15	44	15	45	45	186	5.25	5.03	5.40	5.30	5.24	15	16	4	2	2.39	
	3	6	7	11	24	45	23	64	27	78	3.80	3.77	4.77	5.42	4.19	12	19	4	3	1.46	
	9 0	16 0	21 26	47 75	20 12	38 39	15 36	41 131	39 19	120 55	3.19 6.19	3.22 6.90	3.51 7.38	5.03 7.00	3.73 6.87	9 13	22 18	4 1	4 6	0.82 1.32	Clearness inaccurate.
	0	0	17	35	19	31	9	9	17	35	2.06	2.90	8.70	3.06	4.18	10	21	3	3	2.19	
	14 22	32 55	25 0	64 0	17 62	60 144	13 0	32 0	16 20	65 79	2.61 6.19	2.64 5.87	4.19 6.29	4.06 4.25	3.37 5.65	10 14	21 17	3 1	10 7	2.39 2.61	Clearness inaccurate.
	13	22	12	21	45	108	11	32	25	105	1.87	2.74	2.84	2.87	2.58	11	20	3	7	1.20	
	9	9	17	26	43	93	25	75	10	35	3.87	3.51	3.54	5.19	4.02	14	17	5	2	0.35	
	3	7	13	28	4	4	75	203	6	22	6.58	6.96	7.38	7.25	7.04	16	15	3	2	0.51	
	2	4	*23	61	24	65	31	101	9	41	4.38	5.67	5.90	5.29	5.31	17	14	5	1	1.25	
	5	12	4	9	24	46	9	20	50	138	3.93	6.35	6.22	3.87	5.09	19	12	5	0	1.70	
	4	10	4	11	34	72	26	67	12	33	4.06	4.25	4.77	6-09	4.79	16	15	7	0	3.21	
	5	11	14	38	20	58	8	31	32	97	3.06	3.70	4.25	5.06	4.01	17	14	11	0	3.67	
	26	73	16	44	0	0	4	24	5	23	5.32	5.45	6.13	7.00	5.97	21	10	5	0	2.40	
	10	25	1	1	9	24	12	34	21	80	2.67	4.35	5.95	5.00	4.48	16	15	11	0	7.61	
	6	12	7	7	6	12	5	7	12	40	1.25	1.65	2.36	3.23	2.13	13	18	6	0	3.50	
	18	57	10	29	13	42	3	9	30	103	3.06	3.19	3.41	5.25	3.72	14	17	8	1	3.89	
	2	6	12	20	6	11	18	29	15	26	3.06	3.45	3.74	4.90	3.78	12	19	6	0	3.82	
	9	14	33	50	1	1	6	6	7	11	3.29	3.70	4.58	5.87	4.36	14	17	5	0	0.97	
	3	7	25	49	5	7	15	29	3	6	4.58	5.80	5.87	7.77	6.00	11	20	4	0	1.70	
	7	18	15	42	27	46	18	34	15	39	5.29	5.87	6.32	7.25	6.18	19	12	3	I	0.20	
	9	34	3	8	20	54	14	38	39	77	6.06	6.48	6.55	7.55	6.66	21	10	2	0	0.50	
	17	36	20	47	24	55	19	35	15	32	3.61	4.25	4.64	4.60	4.28	15	16	1	0	0.14	
	5	15	57	129	19	55	5	24	24	99	4.38	4.96	5.25	7.25	5.46	18	13	3	I	0.40	
	13 1	14 2	27 17	33 35	7 11	8 31	37 23	67 69	15 16	45 39	--	--	--	--	--	17 16	14 15	2 2	1 0	0.28 0.40	Therm, protected?
	4	10	4	7	15	35	57	132	16	38	2.61	4.19	4.06	3.90	3.69	14	17	4	2	1.24	
	2	4	22	41	17	42	33	72	13	28	4.29	4.45	5.09	5.22	4.76	16	15	3	6	1.11	
	4	11	16	52	8	30	32	112	12	39	....	....	....	....	....	10	21	3	16	0.80	
	17	48	12	30	28	80	29	103	8	18	3.64	3.16	2.64	1.64	2.77	6	25	2	11	2.74	
	0	0	19	50	40	92	29	68	6	13	3.32	3.22	3.38	3.12	3.35	11	20	1	7	1.12	
	38	80	2	4	10	31	15	47	21	71	5.25	4.80	4.58	5.29	4.98	16	15	0	8	1.41	
	24	40	8	23	30	79	14	31	19	47	6.06	6.19	5.22	6.00	5.87	18	13	0	9	0.20	
	1	1	30	34	22	40	5	10	22	48	3.51	4.16	4.64	4.93	4.31	13	18	2	2	0.54	
	11	27	23	53	3	6	19	31	12	46	5.22	5.12	5.45	6.77	5.64	20	11	1	2	1.15	
	0	0	1	6	14	34	88	226	18	41	7.93	8.67	6.96	9.32	8.22	25	6	• •	..	--	
	10		12		10		2		46							29	2	1	1	--	
	15	42	30	54	18	40	25	39	12	25	6.80	7.38	7.70	7.00	7.22	24	8	1	0	| 0.01	
	17	33	10	28	0	0	2	2	7	13	7.64	8.90	8.90	8.45	8.47	26	5	0	0	j 2.70	
	9	13	0	0	58	100	5	5	19	31	2.96	5.38	5.93	6.38	5.14	20	11	3	0	1.80	
	1	1	40 i	76 15	7	1 17	27	46	13	26	6.70	7.35	6.03	7.48	I 6.89	23	8	I 5	0	1----	'
 
354
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
MONTH  OF  JANUARY, 1851.
STATIONS.
Fort Croghan......
Fort Martin Scott..
San Antonio.......
Fort Brown........
Ringgold Barracks.
Fort Mcintosh.....
Fort Duncan......
Fort Lincoln......
El Paso...........
Socorro...........
Albuquerque.......
Cebolletta.........
Las Vegas.........
Santa Fe..........
Fort Yuma........
San Diego.........
San Luis Rey......
Sonoma...........
Benicia...........
Camp Far West...
Astoria............
Columbia Barracks.
Dalles of Columbia.
Fort Steilacoom ...
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
S. R.
31
26
20
23
19
21
39
42
44
40,
41
36,
41.
39.
34.
38.
A. M    3 P. M.
Mean.
WINDS.
Range.
42.61	50.74
36.93	42.90
42.45	53.29
53.45	63.67
48.12	59.30
47.19	56.84
42.09	53.20
51.00
31.21
29.32
31.80
30.51
34.80
56.22
50.93
53.51
52.51
48.93
45.19
42.38
41.09
36.83
39.35
 64.71
 50.83
 70.70
 66.61
 72.06
 70.81
 74.09

 60.00
 48.29
 43.96
 41.50
 43.03
 47.51
 74.26
 64.25
 59.25
 62.48
 57.74
 56.77
 46.74
 46.20
42.25
43.80
 48.73
 41.12
 51.61
 58.45
 59.22
 55.84
 52.96

 41.00
 36.20
 28.84
 27.00
 20.96
 31.87
 47.51
 47.74
 50.80
 48.09
 44.80
 42.51
 41.67
41.42
38.38
40.87
51.20
42.95
54.51
60.54
59.68
57.67
55.58

45.75
35.45
50.70
31.00
28.57
34.01
54.40
51.28
52.01
50.96
49.54
45.34
43.00
42.01
37.95
40.60
Max.	Min.
82	23
74	22
78	27
83	34
90 *	26
87	29
86	28
Above
mean.
74
64
57
54
50
59
82
80
73
80
64
64
56
61
55
58
30.8
31.1
23.5
22.5
30.4
29.4
30.5
22	28.3
10	28.6
8	26.3
9	23.0
— 7	21.5
5	25.0
30	27.6
32	31.8
38	21.0
31	29.0
33	14.5
29	18.8
28	13.0
19	19.0
19	17.1
23	17.4
Below
mean.
28.2
22.9
27.5
26.5
33.6
28.6
27.5

23.7
25.4
22.7
22.0
35.5
29.0
24.4
19.2
14.0
19.9
16.5
16.5
15.0
23.0
18.9
17.6
No. of Observations
 59
 36
 32
 44
 32
 13
 77
  5
 10
 27
 15
  9
 29
 37
103
  0
  1
  0
  5
 19
  0
 31
 19
 20
N. E. 
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356           •                    METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF FEBRUARY, 1851.
STATIONS.
Fort Sullivan.......
Fort Preble.........
Fort Constitution ...
Fort Adams........
Fort Trumbull......
Fort Hamilton......
Fort Columbus.....
West Point..........
Watervliet Arsenal.,
Plattsburg Barracks .
Madison Barracks...
Fort Ontario.......
Fort Niagara.......
Alleghany Arsenal..
Carlisle Barracks ...
Fort Mifflin.........
Fort McHenry......
Fort Monroe.......
Fort Moultrie......
Fort Marion.......,
Key West Barracks.
Fort Myers........
Barrancas Barracks.,
Mount Vernon Arsenal.
New Orleans Barracks
Baton Rouge Barracks..
Fort Towson.......
Fort Washita.......
Fort Gibson........
Fort Scott..........
Jefferson Barracks...,
St. Louis Arsenal...
Newport Barracks...
Detroit Barracks
Fort Gratiot........
Fort Mackinac......
Fort Brady..........
Fort Howard........
Fort Ripley.........
Fort Snelling.......,
Fort Leavenworth....
Fort Kearney.......
Fort Laramie.......
Fort Atkinson.......
Fort Arbuckle.......
Fort Worth.........
Fort Graham........
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
S. R.
 21.96
 21.39
 22.92
 31.50
 30.10
 32.61
 29.75
 28.03
 24.28
 20.85
 25.46
 27.14
 28.10
 34.70
 30.96
 32.96
 35.21
 43.08
 51.53
 59.50
 71.43
 62.67
 54.50
 51.39
 54.61
 50.21
 39.39
 38.42
 36.75
 30.64
 32.17
 30.39
 39.10
 29.78
 25.17
 20.03
 16.92
 21.00
 6.39
 15.92
 28.17
 18.96
22.35
25.54
37.75
40.60
43.60
A. M.   8 P. M.   9 P. M
 26.75
 24.14
 26.57
 33.50
 33.06
 34.50
 33.21
 31.14
 28.11
 23.14
 28.00
 28.60
 30.24
 36.71
 35.32
 34.78
 40.36
 45.05
 57.14
 65.57
 74.85
 69.92
 58.36
 55.60
 60.14
 58.03
 43.71
 43.07
 41.32
 36.46
 35.78
 34.39
 41.21
 33.17
 30.00
 26.70
 23.14
 23.50
 14.50
 20.25
.31.92
 28.64
 27.14
 32.96
 42.30
 46.75
 4M.4G
 29.96
 29.39
 32.46
 27.50
 38.67
 41.70
 38.75
 37.00
 31.57
 28.35
 32.00
 33.75
 33.53
 43.75
 41.85
 45.17
 43.85
 50.26
 62.10
 67.50
 77.93
 75.82
 64.77
 64.82
 67.48
 64.46
 53.03
 51.57
 50.14
 44.42
 45.35
 45.00
 47.28
 35.85
 33.53
 29.41
 27.82
 30.28
 23.17
 29.42
 41.28
 39.96
 45.28
 47.62
51.82
55.25
58.71
27.25
26.21
27.32
35.71
34.01
36.50
33.00
32.86
27.39
24.46
27.75
29.46
29.57
35.53
38.64
35.07
38.75
47.04
56.50
62.28
73.85
68.00
58.36
56.35
56.93
55.92
43.39
43.64
40.85
33.87
.9.85
35.46
43.89
31.85
29.50
25.28
19.96
24.78
13.78
22.01
35.25
24.89
30.07
32.87
40.57
44.25
48.89
26.48
25.28
27.33
34.55
33.15
36.40
33.68
32.26
27.84
24.20
27.80
29.74
30.36
37.67
36.85
37.00
39.54
46.36
56.82
63.70
74.52
69.02
58.98
57.04
59.7*
57.16
44.88
44.18
42.27
36.32
38.29
36.31
42.87
32.66
29.55
25.36
21.96
24.89
14.46
22.10
35.16
28.11
31.21
34.75
43.11
46.71
49.92
Range.
Max.  Min
 44
 44
 44
 51
 50
 55
 54
 55
 47
 48
 56
 58
 48
 60
 56
 57
 52
 68
 70
 81
 81
 81
 78
 78
 82
 88
 73
 74
 75
 66
 69
 66
 62
 52
 49
 43
 46
 47
 40
 50
 62
59
 61
 69
70
77
76
   11
 — 6
    3
    3
    5
   12
   12
    3
 — 4
 —18
 — 9
 — 3
   10
    2
    4
    8
   17
   18
   28
   47
   64
   51
   34
   32
   34
   27
   20
   20
   19
   10
   12
   9
   20
   14
   10
   1
 - 8
— 7
—34
—12
   3
   2
— 1
   9
   19
  21
  28
Above
mean.
 17.6
 18.8
 16.7
 16.5
 16.9
 18.6
 21.4
 22.8
 19.2
 23.8
 28.2
 18.3
 17.7
 22.4
 19.2
 20.0
 12.5
 21.7
 13.2
 17.3
 6.5
 12.0
 19.1
 21.0
 22.3
 30.9
 28.2
 29.9
 32.8
 29.7
 30.8
 29.7
 19.2
 19.4
 19.5
 17.7
 26.1
 22.2
 25.6
 27.9
 26.9
30.9
29.8
34.3
26.9
30.3
26.1
Below
mean.
 37.4
 31.2
 30.3
 31.5
 28.1
 24.4
 21.6
 29.2
 31.8
 42.2
 36.8
 32.7
 20.3
 35.6
 32.8
 29.0
 22.5
 28.3
 28.8
 16.7
 10.5
 18.0
 24.9
 25.0
 25.7
 30.1
 24.8
 24.1
 23.2
 26.3
 26.2
 27.3
 22.8
 18.6
 19.5
 24.3
 29.9
 31.8
 48.4
 34.1
 32.1
 26.1
 32.2
26.7
34.1
25.7
21.9
WINDS.
No. of Observations
N. E.
 29
 25
 10
  6
 30
 35
 40
  4
  0
 10
 25
 29
 26
 31
  2
 13
 30
 70
141
 36
 57
164
 31
 60
 39
 27
  8
 10
 35
 10
  5
  6
  3
 31
 23
  9
  5
 27
 28
 22
  3
 46
  0

  4
 32
 56 
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METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
371
						---		MONTH OF MAY, 1851.											
a				WINDS.						WEATHER.							RAIN AND SNOW.		
	ad sum of force.									Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.	4= P 0 0 <	REMARKS.
	S. B. , S.			S. W.		w		N. w.		S. R. 9 A. M. 3 P. M. 9 P. M. Mean.					Fair. Cloudy		■" o 5 c		
	50 ..20 ..			1 6 ! ..		3	.. i	5		... .... ....					17 14		7 0		
	8 23 22 47			44 114		15	47	1	o	3.87 4.22 4.35			5.29	4.43	15 | 16		8 j 0	2.61	
	42 120 14 46			15 33		1	2	0	0	5.83 : 5.^7 7.70			7.58	6.75	23	8	5 0	9.27?	
	31 i 62 30 54			53 121		0	0	2	4	1.61 2.96		5.87	4.70	3.79	15	16	10 0	3.05	
	20 59 64 147			24 81		2	2	3	4	2.93 4.19		5.77	6.16	4.76	15	16	10 0	--	
	46 123 65 190			1 2		1	6	2	3	2.29 3.48		4.26	5.45	3.87	12	19	4 i 0	1.06	
	21 ; 36 74 202			8 24		2	5	5	15	2.35 3.67		5.48	5.74	4.31	14	17	12 j 0		
	58 ,147 37 82			6 ! 12		0	0	2	5 3.51 5.06			6.25	5.71	5.13	18	13	4 j 0	1.18	
	39 66 45 i 55			0 0		0	0	0	0 6.67 7.35			7.67	7.61	7.32	19	12	3 0	2.80	
	53 89 ] 31		67	1	6	2	7	0	0 3.32 4.03			5.16	6.32	4.71	15	16	7 0	1.41	
	88 319 8		14	3	10	0	0	2	5	2.83	2.67	4.06	4.38	3.48	12	19	5 i 0	2.53	
	50 118 27 i		75	9 19		1	2	0*	0	3.51	3.45	4.19	4.48	3.91	10	21	1 i 0	0.90	
	24 : 86 83 348			0	0	0	0	0	0	3.16	4.09	5.12	5.87	4.56	15	16	1 o	0.20	
84 180 0 0				0	0	2	2	4	5 5.26		4.32	6.06	6.35	5.50	20	H	4 | 0	0.37	
77 ,180 i 21 , 47				0	0	0	0	0	0 | 4.87		5.51	7.51	7.96	6.46	22 9		3 j 0	1.15	
102 230 4			6	0	0	o	0	0	0	1.06	1.58	3.45	4.80	2.72	11	20	4 | 0	1.08	
	94 252 16		53	0	o	1	2	1	5 j 2.35		3.48	5.16	4.87	3.97	10	21	3 \ 0	1.90	
	21 | 61 j 0		0	13 37		41	114	14	35 7.70		8.20	7.30	6.90	7.52	29	2	2 0	0.70	
	26 ; 81 i 8		36	46 |162		4	19	7	20	7.70	8.10	6.30	7.29	7.35	27	4	1 0		
	30	65 19	47	33	58	17	29	11	23	7.19	6.52	5.90	6.30	6.48	24	t	1 j 0	0.01	
	2	8 ! 9	25	19 ' 80		11	32	1	1	7.03	7 90	6.54	6.45	6.9S	24	7	1 0	0.03	
	3	i 6 12	18	12 I 28		22	60	25	71	8.41	7.77 6.46		1.67	6.08	25	6	1 o	0.01	
	3	n ; 20	75	14 47		4	9	10	36	7.83	9.12	9.54	4.80	7.82	30	1	5 i l*i 2.82		•Sleot.
	16	45 i 2	5	28 ' 82		48	179	5	19	8.70	7.64	6.58	7.29	7.55	29	2	7 0		
	26 ; 57 | 6		15	33 87		5	7	9	14	7.40	7.30	6.10	7.40 7.05		27 : 4		6 0	.0.07	
	3 4 22		32	81 198		' 8	21	7	13-	1.61	3.25	5.61 3.29		3.44	10 21		5 0	0.71	
	0 0 25 i 55			90 ,288		5	11	0	0	7.29	8.23	9.07 10.00		8.65	30 1		3 0 i 0.59		
26 59 44 82				10 ! 22		0	0	16	29 7.41		| 7.77	7.74 7.96		7.72	26 5		4 0 l 0.86		
7 10 i 1 ! 2				51 ' 87		10	33	28	63 2.13		3.55	4.09	i 3.55	3.33	11 20		16 0 | 5.95		
	! 0 .. 0 , ..			61 ..		9		32	.. 3.35 1 2.93			3.03	4.12	3.36	12 19		11 0	1.95	... . ...
 

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390
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER
MONTH  OF  OCTOBER, 1851.
THERMOMETER.
STATIONS.
Mean Temperature.
Range.
Fort Arbuckle.........   51.48
Fort Worth...........   54.03
Fort Belknap..........   52.54
Fort Graham..........   56.22
Fort Gates............   51.09
Fort Croghan..........   55.32
Austin................   60.77
Fort Martin Scott......   53.12
San Antonio...........   64.41
Fort Merrill...........   62.12
Corpus Christi.........   65.96
Fort Brown............   63.38
Ringgold Barracks.....   65.35
Fort Mcintosh........   60.48
Fort Duncan..........   68.14
Fort Inge.............   56.38
Fort Lincoln..........   59.19
Fort Fillmore..........   41.48
Fort Conrad...........   42.24
Cebolletta*............   53.39
                         34.09
                         43.63
Fort Union.........
Abiquiu...........
San Diego.........
Rancho del Chino......   52
Monterey.......
Benicia Barracks.
Fort Miller.....,
Camp Far West .
Fort Steilacoom .
63.22
66.03
65.00
65.33
68.19
62.97
67.29
65.19
69.70
70.67
73.51
84.00
76.71
78.06
73.77
68.51
69.00
72.61
59.28
57.67
54.90
49.44
72.25
60.74
66.20
70.06
63.48
53.80
3 P. M.   9 P. M
Mean.
75.93
79.00
83.60
84.33
79.70
77.20
80.87
76.96
78.58
83.06
79.41
76.67
84.54
84.10
81.72
82.45
82.83
82.45
83.11
61.64
58.32
63.35
85.29
63.83
77.09
87.03
8-2.16
60.77
60.58
65.87
63.64
67.22
65.03
64.13
72.32
60.80
71.29
72.12
73.61
68.87
73.43
70.32
74.85
64.61
68.64
56.19
59.04
57.03
39.16
56.71
64.35
58.83
62.74
69.22
63.06
49.83
62.80
66.23
66.20
68.37
66.00
64.90
70.31
64.02
71.00
72.00
73.12
73.23
75.01
73.24
74.62
68.00
69.92
63.18
60.92
57.43
46.62
53.28
68.58
59.96
65.86
69.87
64.70
52.90
90
89
96
96
88
92
91
84
85
93
86
89
98
96
88
90
92
94
90
70
74
72
99
75
91
98
91
67
36
42
38
41
42
46
47
40
53
50
54
52
52
49
61
40
44
32
31
45
27
37
47
48
52
46
44
39
27.2
26.8
29.8
27.6
22.0
27.1
20.7
20.0
14.0
21.0
12.9
15.8
23.0
22.8
13.4
22.0
22.1
30.8
29.1
12.6
29.4
18.7
30.4
15.1
15.1
28.1
26.3
14.1
.,      ...     Above  ;  Below
Max.   Mm. ,  Mean_  i  Mean_
26.8
24.2
28.2
27.4
24.0
18.9
23.3
24.0
18.0
22.0
19.1
21.2
23.0
24.2
13.6
28.0
25.9
31.2
29.9
12.4
19.6
16.3
21.6
19.9
13.9
23.9
20.7
13.9
WINDS.
No. of Observations
 8 , 11
14  18
23
 3
17
 9
 7
28
10
 8
 4
21
 6
 8
14
10
 2
11
24
14
     57
      9
     38
     29
     36
     46
     19
     16
     13
     40
     13
     15
     34
     17
     3
     16
     36
     36
15   39
 7   13
20   26
 6   9
19 j 26
27 i 46
12  19
  0
 21
 30
  3
  3
  4
 23
 11
 25
 20
 74
 31
 70
102
  0
 61

 13
 38
  * Post removed to Laguna, about 11 mile
general character of the locality is similar,
s southward, on the 15th ; no observations
and the altitude somewhat less.
being taken on the 12th, 13th, and 14th.   The 
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METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER
399
										MONTH OF DECEMBER, 1851.											
WINDS.											WEATHER.							RAIN AND SNOW.			
aud sum of force.											Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		X 0 0 a	REMARKS.
1	S. E.		s.		S. W.		W.		N. W.		S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean. .is tH		_2 1 ei		o c TJl		
	3	6	17	50	11	31	12	21	3	4	5.67	6.25	7.57	7.89	6.84	20	11	4	1	2.35	
	2	3 37		58	0	0	2	4	12	24	7.09	7.06	7.67	8.00	7.45	24	7	5	0	0.79	
	8	20	32	124	5	15	4	7	5	14	4.87	4.41	5.61	5.87	5.19	17	14	5	0	--	
	8	11	20	40	27	55	23	30	8	9	5.06	5.77	6.20	7.00	6.00	20	11	3	0		
	18	34	4	11	29	58	1	3	27	62	1.35	4.32	5.25	5.16	4.02	16	15	7	0	4.40	
	28	78	15	33	0	0	4	8	5	8	3.16	3.90	5.61	6.58	4.81	14	17	11	0	2.84	
	18	79	4	14	30	62	6	25	42	129	2.61	4.13	6.42	5.87	4.76	19	12	7	0	7.40?	
	18	47	1	3	11	35	25	38	18	45	2.32	2.54	3.90	4.09 3.21		11	20	11	0	2.63	
	9 24	25 28	20 25	52 27	10 0	18 4	18 3	33 4	17 7	27 8	3.93 6.45	3.74 7.96	5.67 7.25	5.51 7.96	4.71 7.40	12 14	19 17	5 9	0 0	1.00 2.30	Clearness inaccurate.
	18	54	19	52	7	17	9	16	11	19	3.00	3.60	4.26	5.30	4.04	13	18	6	0	0.56	
	28	37	9	44	9	15	1	4	33	102	2.32	2.38	3.61	4.80	3.28	9	22	13	0	1.19	
	11	22 i 5		10	11	22	10	18	14	34	2.29	2.38	2.64	2.32	2.41	6	25	6	0	4.70	
22		59	14	40	4	8	2	2	29	81	3.06	3.96	5.29	5.45 j 4.44		15	16	7	0	1.15	
	35	62	3	3	5	5	5	6	18	27	2.52	3.03	4.81	4.29	3.64	9	22	7	0	0.65	
	18	48	29	79	9	17	2	6	11	32	4.54	5.74	7.12	7.29	6.17	20	11	3	0	0.68	
	8	21	2	6	3	5	2	6	3	12	0.93	2.22	3.48	4.19	2.71	12	19	9	0	0.29	
	39	64	2	5	14	19	1	1	20	34	3.45	3.58	5.38	3.45	3.96	11	20	6	0	0.98	
	13	16	5	9	7	10	27	41	9	13	6.03	7.03	6.35	7.25	6.67 i 25		6	12	0	1.74	
	3 5	3 25	21 23	63 66	10 11	2] 35	17 42	38 172	' 18 22	31 88	5.16 4.74	6.01 6.48	5.61 6.42	6.71 5.42	5.87 5.76	22 24	9 7	7 2	1 5	0.39 1.15	Temp, inaccurate.
	3	3	11	32	9	18	6	14	22	57	5.74	8.09	9.22	4.74	6.95			0	3	0.33	Clearness inaccurate.
	0	0	1	2	10	23	58	99	15	44	4.45	3.74	3.90	2.45	3.64	14	17	1	10	*2.00?	*18 inches snow.
	16	19	21	40	16	20	20	38	4	8	5.51	5.61	5.22	5.35	5.42	18	13	12	0	3.74	
	25 7 8	61 26 23	0 8 21	0 28 84	87 18 30	167 34 103	9 15 2	14 19 5	0 2 1	0 3 2	5.48 3.66 4.32	5.54 5.33 3.77	5.03 5.00 4.41	5.30 5.00 5.12	5.34 4.75 4.40	21 9 13	10 9 18	13 15	0 0	4.50 4.92	18 days ; 9th to 21st [not observed. Rain
	20	35	3	8	10	18	13	15	3	5	7.23	7.42	7.80	7.30 7.46		24	7	13	0	10.41	[in full.
	26	70	23	35	4	6	0	0	5	8	4.83	4.96	5.80	5.87 5.36		15	16	14	0	6.63	
	43	122	10	22	4	5	5	7	9	16	4.00	4.56	4.77	4.68 4.50		10	21	16	4	7.93	
	50	105	2	4	13	42	0	0	10	18	1.03 f	1.12	0.70	2.12 1.24		2	29	16	2	3.93	
                                           Note to the  Temperature Summaries for 1851.
    For the temperature summaries of 1850 and 1851 the latitudes, longitudes, and altitudes of the posts have  been revised  and cor-
rected from the best authorities.  The very recent extensive  surveys  of the interior and of the coast, furnish geographical positions
very near to accuracy for  each of the new posts of the interior and western coast, and corrections for several eastern stations.  Many
of these determinations are first available as this work is passing through the press.
    The altitude, in some  cases, varies in successive years from a change of the precise position at which the observations are taken. 
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-4  —1   —4  O  O
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tx 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
403
MONTHLY, AND EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE  FOR 1851.
50.45
51.56
57.57
62.80
66.23
66.20

68.37
66.00
64.90
70.31
64.02
71.00
72.00
73.12
73.23
75.01
73.24
74.62
 68.00
 66.92
30.38
33.24
35.08
45.56
48.80
46.64

53.89
50.82
50.22
59.00
50.10
56.28
59.64
60.21
61.89
63.19
60.25
62.15
 55.00
 55.64
Spring.
63.18 |  48.17
60.92   41.26
57.43
46.62
53.28
68.£8
59.96
65.86
69.87
64.70
46.38
35.91
56.38
60.39
55.56
19.69
24.74
29.15
39.47
44.12
41.93
46.09
48.26
47.66
47.13
47.42
47.01
51.51
59.50
56.50
57.94
59.36
55.14
53.57
 53.04
 53.92
47.86
55.28
60.23
63.48
Summer.  Autumn,
65.33
65.21
66.42
71.33
72.43
79.42
81.47
82.02
44.14

36.65
62.42
67.22

73.69
74.49
77.62
75.22
73.49
69.44

70.86
40.10

31.71
27.72
52.67
53.61
53.16
56.93
55.26
54.35
52.90
46.27
49.03
48.00
46.61
54.02
53.64
47.39
 84.51
 84.77
 83.92
 82.04
 79.04
 80.67
 83.02
 83.44
 83.45
 85.93
 87.58
 86.57
 82.07

■ 87.62

 70.88
50.14
51.37
55.57
61.83
64.56
64.26
24.93
30.50
32.84
40.62
45.53
79.24
76.38
36.89

41.15
59.12

58.53
51.16
49.68
67.47
65.64
64.50
69.36
62.95
68.38
70.11
71.23
72.65
78.59
71.98
73.51
67.13
67.39
48.82
47.65
50.22

45.91
53.32
61.23
60.69
57.99
55.68
50.54
55.78
61.04
63.90
Min.
63.98
54.83
46.74
66.53
65.82
66.26

62.58
67.37
72.95
75.71
73.19
72.31
34.29
54.78
66.97

74.49
61.58
63.67
66.34
58.22
62.29
68.84
62.76
52.06
49.55

46.66
40.60

40.78
101
102
 96
101
103
106
108.5
100
103
 98
100
 94
102
 93
 95
108
106
 98
 98
 99
108

101
59.48

60.61
104
 90
 96
101
 93
 93
 98
 85
104
75
51.55
 94
111
104
 80
92
— 7
—14
— 4
   7
  13
   8
  10
  19
  15
  18
  17
  23
  25
  23
  26
  28
  26
  23
  20
   19
   28
   22
   18

   11
   10
    7
    2
  -14
— 2

   4
  19
  32
  36
  36
  40
  31
  32
  33
  26
  28
  19
   19
  22
Above
mean.
51.5
40.2
40.0
39.1
42.0
34.2
36.7

37.4
26.6
22.1
32.3
32.8
25.7
Below
mean.
41.2
64.5
59.8
54.0
50.9
47.5
50.8
48.3

39.6
42.4
44.9
49.7
50.2
52.3
LOCALITY.
52.8
34.5

43.4



40.5
27.5

34.6



29.5
Platte river, Nebraska.
N. Fork of Platte riv., Nebras.
Arkansas river, Kansas.
Canadian river, Indian Ter.
Northern Texas.
Upper Brazos river, Texas.
Clear Fork of Brazos, Texas.
Texas.
Texas.
Texas.
Colorado river, Texas.
Texas.
Texas.
Neuces river, Texas.
Texas.
Rio Grande, Texas.
Rio Grande, Texas.
Rio Grande, Texas.
Rio Grande, Texas.
Leona riv., Southwestern Tex.
 Rio Seco, Southwestern Tex.
 Rio Grande, Southern N. Mex.
 Bracito,val.R.G.,n'rElPaso.
 Rio Grande valley, N. Mex.
 Valverde, Rio Grande, N. M.
 Rio Grande, New Mexico.
 Rio Grande, New Mexico.
 Laguna, New Mexico.
 Eastern New  Mexico.
 Moro riv., Eastern New Mex.
 Cimarron riv., Eastern N. M.
 New Mexico.
 Rio de Chama, New Mexico.
 Canoncito, N. Western N. M.
 Colorado river, California.
 Southern California.
 Rio Santa Ana, California.
 Coast of Southern California.
 California.
  San Pablo Bay, California.
 California.
  San Joaquin valley, California.
  Marysville, California.
  Oregon.
  Oregon, (Fort Vancouver.)
  Columbia river, Oregon.
  Puget's Sound, Wash'n Ter. 
404
METEOROLOGICAL    REGISTER.
MONTHLY  SUMMARIES  OF  AMOUNT OF RAIN,  1851.
STATIONS.
Fort Sullivan '...........
Fort Preble............,
Fort Constitution.......
Fort Independence-----
Fort Adams...........
Fort Trumbull.........
Fort Hamilton.........
Fort Columbus.........
West Point.............
Watervliet Arsenal.....
Plattsburg Barracks---
Madison Barracks......
Fort Ontario...........
Fort Niagara..........
Alleghany Arsenal.....
Carlisle Barracks.......
Fort MiOlin............
Fort McIIenry.........
Fort Washington.......
Fort Monroe...........
Fort Moultrie  .........
Fort Marion...........
Key West —.........
Fort Myers............
 Fort Brooke...........
 Fort Meade...........
 Fort Barrancas........
 Mount Vernon Arsenal
 East Pascagoula......
 New Orleans Barracks .
 Baton Rouge Barracks.
 Fort Towson..........
 Fort Washita........
 Fort Gibson..........
 Fort Scott............
 Jefferson Barracks----
 St. Louis Arsenal......
 Newport Barracks.....
 Detroit Barracks......
 Fort Gratiot  ........
 Fort Mackinac........
 Fort Brady...........
 Fort lloward..........
 Fort Ripley...........
 FortSnelling..........
2.81
3.55
2.13
8.12
4.63
2.39
1.46
0.S2
1.32
2.19
2.89
2.61
1.20
0.35
0.51
1.25
1.70
3.21
3.C7
2.40
7.61
3.50
3.89
3.S2
0.97
1.70
0.20
0.50
0.14
0.40
0.2S
0.40
1.24
1.11
0.80
2.74
1.12
1.41
0.20
4.10
5.80
5.12

5.68
7.So
4.41
4.505
5.09
3.86
1.90
4.52
2.31
3.32
3.01
3.00
4.03
2.90

2.24
2.51
1.71
0.8S
3.3S
 8.03
 7.20

 8.IS
 5.27
11.09
 5.70
10.42
 3.60
 5.05
 7.31
13.91
 3.6S
 1.77
 0.59
 1.23
 1.50
 0.24
 0.13
4.00
2.45
0.55

1.41
4.11
3.88
1.70
2.56
0.97
2.03
4.33
3.97
0.37
1.43
2.35
5.60
5.70

2.23
1.93
0.93
April.
May.
 7.35
 7.13

 7.96
12.60
 5.32
 6.94
 7.24
 3.53
 1.61
 3.95
 1.91
 2.01
 2. S3
 4.76
 3.55
 4.70

 1.33
 1.65
 2.6S
June.' July. | Aug. I Sept.
1.50  1.80
2.09  4.57
 0.60
 0.77

 1.20
 1.54
 2.66
 1.35
 1.50
 0.4S
 1.S6
 1.75
10.09
 1.37
 1.25
 0.41
 0.S4
 0.73
 0.26
 1.23
4.52
1.14

5.49
2.26
2.52
2.S5
0.50
0.75
2.80
3.SO
3.41
3.70
2.51
0.68
2.23
1.5S
0.97
2.68
2.80
3.00
2.55

4.10
8.26
2.88
4.73
4.34
2.83
3.61
5.08
1.31
2.49
3.57
3.41
4.65
4.60
3.77
2.20
0.63
0.64
5.32
2.71
2.03
3.00
4.20
3.44
2.25

 1.42
 6.33
4.47
 3.20
 4.39
 3.97
 2.26
 7.93
 5.30
 5.36
 1.23
 3.11
 8.50
 5.53
 3.96
1.40 t 3.35
3.87 | 3.65
3.67 j 4.30
.... ! 1.60
2.10
5.75
1.68
0.90
1.53
3.00
5.35
2.78
2.55
1.69
2.04
4.30
3.00
1.20
1.42
2.51
8.25
S.01
9.24
18.51
 6.57
 8.67
 0.90
 5 35
 1.44

 2.06
 5.04
 4.20
 6.45
 7.53
 5.64
 3.81
 5.12

 1.50
 1.91
 2.91
 3.15
 5.50
 2.15
 6.62
11.79
 3.29
 4.72
 4.44
 4.43
 3.09
 7.67
 2.57
 3.IS
 4.30
 3.S9
 3.65
 4.20
 4.92
 3.00
 8.57
 3.23
 3.24
 7.35
 3.18
 5.73
 1.11
 1.84
 6.14
0.10
1.25
2.74
4.65
1.39
5.92

3.33
3.60
5.99
5.07

2.60
0.90
2.22
1.92
1.41
3.65
9.65
2.64
3.47
2.58
2.39
3.22
3.53
1.32
2.26
2.66
1.49
3.03
3.30
3.51
4.00
5.89
3.38
6.80
3.61
6.35
6.47
6.15
8.63
5.32

 7.96
 7.34
 1.40
 1.15
 3.89
 7.06
 6.40
 6.60

 3.56
 0.55
 3.67
 2.67
 3.15
 3.29
Oct.
3.30
4.41
3.23
1.24
3.49
5.31
1.31
1.26
1.22
1.66
3.36
3.35
1.74
2.99
2.62
1.95
0.94
0.50
2.27
0.76
0.29
5.60
14.00
8.01
6.93
7.67
1.06
4.42
5.83

 0.59
 0.01
 0.60
 3.14
 0.15
 0.81
 0.63
 1.4-3

 3.46
 0.50
 4.S2
 3.26
4.50
8.43
5.47
3.95
4.47
9.52
2.99
2.95
4.02
2.62
4.61
6.09
2.48
2.58
1.45
1.18
3.03
2.20
1.95
2.02
1.23
0.71
9.45
1.66
1.85
2.04
Dec.
 3.00
 6.5S
 6.10
 4.40
 6.S4
11.03
 4.39
 4.53
 4.31
 4.01
 3.30
 5.S5
 4.97
 2.40
 3.67
 3.73
 3.41
 5.60
 3.66
 2.45
 3.34
 2.72
 2.30
 0.55
 2.10
 1.2S
 8.39
 6.99
Spring.
3.70
2.32
1.13
2.60
9.35?
2.01
2.26
1.51
7.48

2.64
0.65
4.04
1.10
8.74 j 1.93
3.64 I 1.13
 9.00
 8.91
 3.69
 5.15
 7.10
 5.49
 0.38
 2.80
10.53

 3.25
 0.43
 6.12
 2.26
 2.82
 2.31
2.60
2.89
3.18
1.28
3.32
6.07
2.66
3.72
2.45
2.86
1.S4
4.25
4.41
1.42
1.71

1.90
 1.50
1.78
0.91
1.10
1.00
2.64
1.50
3.00
2.37
2.54
 2.91

 2.69
 5.36

 2.80
 7.70?
 1.84
 1.25
 2.96
10. S5

 2.06
 0.35
 7.55
 0.23
 0.36
 0.05
10.70
13.70
10.23

13.47
24.97
12.08
13.37
14.14
 7.83
 7.25
13.36
 7.19
 4.S7
 7.83
10.52
13.80
15.00

 5.76
 4.21
 4.25
 8.62
 9.37
9.32
5.35
 5.22
11.51
 8.77
 5.20
 5.62
 8.63
 7.31
21.43
10.37
 9.12
 2.32
 6.13
10.86
 6.79
 7.S7
Autumn.
 5.65
 9.74
 9.89

12.27
27.19
 7.61
 9.18
 8.55
10.42
11.66
13.98
 6.44
 7.13
 9.00
 9.68
 9.68
 8.79
 9.S5
 9.51
22.74
14.62
19.28
29.47
16.10
20.Si
 8.22
15.88
12.90

12.70

 5.70
 8.85
 14.16
 17.35
 11.60
 17.64

  8.39
  6.00
 12.57
 10.89
10.80
19.42
14.80
 9.50
14.80
25.86
 8.69
 8.74
 9.55
 8.29
11.27
15.29
 9.19
 7.97
 7.74
 6.86
 7.38
 8.30
 7.88
 5.23
 4.91
 9.03
25.75
10.22
10.88
10.99

13.48
11.82
 4.83
 8.35
19.59
 7.65
 3.45
 4.99
19.44
Winter.
9.35
1.58
14.98
6.62
13.49
7.13
23.42 
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
405
MONTHLY SUMMARIES OF  AMOUNT  OF RAIN, 1851.
* STATIONS. ]	Jan. 1	Feb.	1 Mar. , April.		May. June. July.			Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec. , Spring. Summer.'A			utumn.. Winter.		Year.
Fort Dodge....................	0.54 1.15	0.96 0.97 5.40 10.80 6.86 5.01 5.14 6.86 1.20 0.69 1.69 2.82 3 54	1.03 j 0.14 0.20 4.66 3.63 3.54 3.48 1.45 0.40 0.03 0.95 0.23 1.45 2.11 0.00 0.42 0.10 0.01 0.00 0.84 0.21 4.44 5.83 3.44 6.10 4.08 1.79 2.20	1.00 0.73 0.16 2.71 6.61 7.88 7.05 8.37 4.37 3.47 4.32 1.15 1.21 1.35 0.88 2.95 4.86 0.00 0.45 0.04 0.94 2.11 0.07 0.27 0.87 2.07 1.37 3.06 4.38 3.09	6.40 9.43 4.21 2.61 9.27 3.05 1.06 1.18 2.80 1.41 2.53 0.90 0.20 0.37 1.15 1.08 1.90 0.70 0.01 0.03 0.01 2.82 0.07 0.71 0.59 0.86 5.95 1.95	8.16 3.50 0.33 2.19 0.22 0.32 1.06 0.08 3.74 1.83 5.52 2.35 1.21 3.36 2.30 0.73 0.76 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 2.85 0.55	6.7S 2.86 0.82 1.55 0.16 0.11 0.49 2.99 0.80 3.07 4.19 3.97 3.65 2.20 0.73 1.10 2.84 0.89 1.05 0.40 0.30 0.25 5.10 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.30	1.95 5.02 2.78 0.78 1.16 0.06 0.21 2.34 1.00 1.20 0.63 1.31 0.23 1.80 0.02 0.00 0.70 3.53 0.39 2.49 2.32 2.07 2.IS 0.00 O.CO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.30 0.81	2.59 1.10 2.60 0.42 1.60 0.06 0.26 0.02 1.35 1.44 1.20 2.93 4.96 5.60 5.21 2.73 1.36 0.73 0.27 1.40? 5.82 4.63 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.36 1.94 2.6S	2.43 1.68 0.52 0.36 1.07 2.24 5.25 2.62 3.52 1.15 0.40 0.37 2.71 4.10 1.20 1.37 1.50 1.50 1.36 0.11 0.03 1.60 0.61 0.01 0.00 0.2G 0.10 0.00 0.10 3.90	2.84 3.18 1.00 0.52* 3.39 4.92 7.40 5.39 9.80 3.47 1.50 3.30 0.85 1.89 3.00 0.12 0.87 1.20 1.43 2.01 2.13 0.09 0.81 l.f'7 0.25	1 0.71 1.96 0.76 0.SS* 2.35 0.79 4.40 2.84 7.40 2.63 1.00 2.30 0.56 1.19 4.70 1.15 0.65 0.68 0.29 0.98 1.74 0.39 1.15 0.33 3.74	8.43 10.30 5.52 20.54 14.56 11.65 13.03 8.62 2.45 1.44 2.67 2.26 5.48 8.87 0.70 0.49 1.05 4.94 1.92 T.79 7.86 16.43 7.24	19.96 9.14 1.43 4.90 0.44 0.64 5.05 2.08 7.41 7.33 9.72 7.80 3.43 4.14 4.10 7.10 2.04 3.56 2.47 2.43 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.15 1.72	7 86 5.96 4.12 1.30 6.06 7.22 12.91 8.03 14.67 4.09 4.90 4.15 9.56 12.70 6.53 4.97 4.06 3.66 3.64 8.64 8.23 7.21 0.28 1.12 1.48 2.32 9.06	3.46 2.88 7.76 14.29 13.06 13.50 6.87 9.91 6.85 2.68 2.45 3.70 0.03 3.41 5.28 6.03 9.S5 19.52 20.70	37.81 26.44 24.24? 42.49 41.17 44.87 20.07 30.84 29. SO 14.08 14.23 14.12 20.58 15.12 7.49 15.30 19.53 89.32
																	
																	
	0.01 2.70 1.80																
																	
																	
																	
	1.09 0.73 0.75																
Austin..........................																	
																	
																	
																	
	0.95 0.S4 0.11 0.70																
																	
																	
																	
	0.00?	5.05															
	0.00	0.90 0.45 0.50 2.11 4.23' 0 24 0.01 | 1.51 | 0.95 __ 0.89 0.23															
																	
Dona Ana......................																	
	0.02 0.07 0.15 0.80 0.00 0.03 0.09																
																	
																	
																	
																	
																	
Rancho del Chino..............																	
											0.91 ! 4.50						
	2.64 0.88										1.84 1.86 3.02	4.92 ,10.41 6.63 7.93 3.93					
																	
																	
	2.06	1.16															
	27.00 10.95																
	! 9.55 3.81 'l5.30 1	2.04 1.70 1.47															
																	
											'	1					
                                              * One-tenth the depth of snow.

  Note.—The measurement of rain at Fort  Trumbull, Newport Barracks, and Fort Brady, for the entire  year, Fort Gibson  for the
last three months, and Astoria for the first  two months, is  largely in excess.  At Fort Mackinac the  reverse error  occurs; and the
amounts are obviously too small at Fort Monroe and Fort Jitbuckle. 
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408                                METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
SUMMARY OF  WEATHER
	WEATHER.				WINDS.							
STATIONS.	DATS.				DAYS.							
	Fair.	Cloudy.	Rain.	Snow.	N.	N. E.	E.	S. E.	s.	S. W.	w.	N. W.
Fort Kearney (in)....	180	154	52	23	77	63	14	42	59	3	14	12
	244	121	38	25	24	42	16	15	11	25	101	64
	234	131	50	21	56	51	13	76	71	23	14	35
Fort Arbuckle (n)....	251	111	57	3	29	25	19	34	76	59	43	13
Fort Worth.........	281 144	84 40	49 18	1 1	65 42	27 3	56 5	45 36	73 50	15 11	5 4	8 10
												
	227	138	79	1	20	45	19	69	36	115	9	31
	237 248	128 117	80 69	0 1	36 28	26 31	15 12	52 91	125 92	43 44	25 17	23 36
												
	165 246	110 119	65 68	1 2	12 44	13 40	13 16	64 90	46 85	24 15	19 5	23 11
Fort Martin Scott ...												
	249 194	116 91	59 55	1 0	39 25	53 12	68 16	95 66	57 49	14 6	14 7	11 7
												
Corpus Christi (p)	137	148	62	0	11	32	23	102	35	21	2	31
	175 215	190 150	42 55	0 1	30 21	40 21	73 58	106 55	65 132	19 10	26 5	15 29
Ringgold Barracks...												
Fort Mcintosh.......	219	146	63	0	18	60	54	170	11	7	5	30
	275	190	47	0	50	28	90	99	65	8	5	6
	181	253	69	0	13	48	76	109	3	2	1	4
	219	146	59	0	25	44	18	171	37	15	4	26
El Paso(r)..........	296 166	38 46	51 18	1 6	16 15	39 20	60 5	33 9	11 14	37 18	95 19	51 14
												
	2G7	95	37	20	32	17	15	37	34	61	81	52
	223 141	142 40	37 10	0 0	7 0	38 4	35 0	34 9	44 5	109 119	58 42	20 0
Rancho del Chino (o) .												
	95	70	22	0	5	1	1	5	7	13	36	14
	294 136	71 17	51 27	0 0	5 3	4 3	22 23	16 14	31 7	138 10	96 12	13 2
												
	303	62	61	0	12	5	1	63	56	24	12	41
	99 108	154 257	110 136	4 6	3 27	11 22	44 45	11 43	2 4	77 92	31 39	74 94
Fort Steilacoom (w)..												
(a) Last eight months.
(6) Eleven months.
(c) Last ten months.
(d) Last seven months.
(e) Eleven months, October omitted.
(/) May to  September at East Pascagoula.
(g) Eleven months, December excepted.
(h) Winds inaccurate, and omitted in December.

(i)  First five months.
(k) Eleven months, July not observed.
(I)  Last five months.
(rn) Eleven months, March not observed.
(n) Four days of April omitted.
(o) Last six months.
(p) Last nine months.
(g)  Eleven months, January not observed.
(r) No observations of weather in March.
(s)  Three days of  October omitted, and remainder of the
        year at Laguna.
(t)  First nine months.
(m) Inaccurate. 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
409
OBSERVATIONS  FOR 1851.
WINDS.
No. of observations and sum of force.
N.		N.	E.	E.		s.	E.	S.		s. w.		w.		N. W.	
309	788	251	604	56	113	167	458	238	690	14	24	54	106	48	153
95	264	168	461	65	125	62	148	44	91	101	216	403	678	256	691
223		205		53		306	....	284	....	92	....	56	....	140	....
116	183	99	156	76	141	138	278	305	603	235	477	174	362	53	119
260	184	109	184	223	388	182	395	293	658	61	117	22	36	31	73
168	401	11	20	19	46	144	343	200	565	46	118	17	32	42	88
81	233	180	380	77	142	278	524	144	280	462	1005	35	60	• 123	309
145	442	105	310	60	179	210	714	502	1121	172	489	99	188	94	246
112	337	125	293	49	112	363	907	370	878	176	311	67	134	146	369
48	204	54	182	53	159	265	624	186	417	94	211	75	127	92	349
175	344	162	353	64	97	361	735	339	607	60	97	19	' 34	44	94
158	227	211	324	273	371	379	603	227	292	58	84	55	87	45	66
100	236	48	112	64	123	265	611	195	381	24	57	28	51	29	56
45	174	129	459	91	238	407	1180	140	294	84	143	8	15	124	413
121	262	161	.299	293	601	425	930	260	466	76	155	103	200	59	134
84	230	86	238	234	637	221	716	530	1797	40	104	19	23	117	315
73	116	240	367	217	307	680	1206	44	54	29	35	22	24	119	257
201	478	113	249	360	795	397	973	260	587	31	67	21	48	26	169
51	81	191	414	303	610	436	844	14	24	8	18	6	10	14	30
102	271	175	401	72	159	686	1533	148	402	60	114	18	38	97	163
66	110	158	345	241	461	134	311	46	87	150	392	380	884	204	517
61	90	81	164	20	65	37	136	54	152	72	222	75	224	56	163
127	232	67	100	59	143	148	165	137	271	243	338	326	742	218	566
30	45	152	179	140	178	137	172	178	261	437	668	232	457	82	133
0	. 0	15	59	1	3	38	89	21	34	475	863	166	323	0	0
20	23	3	4	5	8	19	33	27	58	53	91	144	255	56	106
19	42	16	38	90	178	63	149	123	376	554	1570	384	1130	51	118
13	20	13	24	93	139	57	100	30	44	39	73	50	78	6	8
49	55	18	21	5	6	254	479	222	396	95	164	50	60	166	273
14	24	45	74	177	277	45	61	8	12	310	528	124	223	. 296	731
110	....	89	....	179	....	171	....	15	....	370	....	155	....	378	....
    The post at Cebolletta was removed in October 20 miles southward to  Laguna, on the San Jose river, a branch of the Rio Puerco.
    Fort Union, near the eastern base of the Moro mountains, on a branch of the Canadian river.
    Rayado, near the Raton mountains, on a branch of the Canadian river.
    Abiquiu, near the Jemez mountains, on a tributary of the Rio Grande from the west.
    Fort Defiance, a district of greatly elevated mesas and mountains west of the principal chain of the  Sierra Madre, and near tha
source of the Rio de Chelly, a tributary of the Colorado of California.

               52 
410
METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER.
MONTH OF JANUARY, 1852.															
			THERMOMETER.							WINDS.					
STATIONS.		Mean Temperature.				Range.				No. of Observations					
	S. R.	9 A. M	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.	N.		N. E.		E	
------------ -	19.13 14.61 15.48 20.00 24.51 23.20 21.70 20.64 17.87 11.58 10.29 11.51 16.87 20.12 19.41 19.50 32.21 22.29 24.41 31.20 38.03 41.93 47.93 60.84 52.58 44.87 43.80 37.00 35.25 39.13 33.25 30.19 27.40 23.96 22.58 22.19 22.61 17.93 11.12 5.48 11.70 5.06 8.87 14.58 19.80 16.08 25.06	22.32 17.48 19.35 22.61 24.93 25.80 25.90 24.48 21.45 17.38 12.06 13.80 17.67 20.29 22.77 23.10 32.19 26.51 27.41 32.52 41.87 51.06 55.51 63.74 56.06 50.87 53.06 43.22 38.61 45.27 43.00 35.09 33.50 27.35 26.67 26.19 26.45 21.83 15.06 11.18 14.29 8.70 12.25 18.96 22.19 21.95 28.74	25.71 23.25 25.35 28.48 29.22 29.40 29.40 28.87 26.45 22.54 19.58 19.38 22.45 24.25 28.90 28.23 35.17 34.96 37.77 40.83 49.93 56.87 62.45 67.03 65.74 60.22 61.45 52.54 52.57 56.50 53.96 48.06 45.60 34.03 35.90 37.51 32.00 26.80 20.87 19.19 21.80 17.32 16.64 22.93 30.29 33.20 1 37.32	21.48 18.38 18.87 21.67 27.32 25.00 24.70 23.32 20.52 15.16 13.67 15.03 19.29 22.06 23.41 21.19 33.09 28.29 27.64 36.20 42.83 47.19 53.76 63.19 58.35 54.83 50.09 43.87 42.16 45.47 40.80 37.51 32.80 28.45 27.64 25.46 28.00 21.06 15.16 10.89 14.77 9.25 13.51 18.83 25.41 21.06 31.61	22.16 18.43 19.76 23.19 26.49 25.85 25.42 24.33 21.57 16.67 13.90 14.93 19.07 21.68 23.62 23.00 33.16 28.01 29.31 35.19 43.16 49.26 54.91 61.20 58.16 52.70 52.10 44.16 42.15 46.59 42.78 37.71 34.82 28.45 28.20 27.84 27.26 21.90 15.80 11.69 15.64 10.08 12.82 18.82 24.42 23.07 30. GH	39 -41 -42 -44 44 48 46 42 45 38 34 39 41 43 46 49 45 50 54 62 61 75 75 76 78 75 79 66 74 74 72 69 70 60 62 61 58 47 36 38 43 43 44 52 59 59 J 60	- 8 -13 -10 0 2 0 - 1 — 2 - 4 -14 —16 —11 — 4 — 5 —14 —12 17? — 5 — 4 7 14 22 29 49 31 30 24 10 9 17 8 0 — 4 — 8 |-12 -14 -14 —15 —20 —24 __00 —36 —32 —28 —14 >—28 —13	16.8 22.6 22.3 20.8 17.5 12.2 20.6 17.7 23.4 21.2 20.1 14.1 21.9 21.3 22.4 26.0 11.8 22.0 24.7 28.8 17.8 25.7 20.1 14.8 19.9 22.3 26.9 21.8 31.9 27.4 29.2 31.3 35.2 31.5 33.8 33.2 30.7 25.1 20.2 26.3 27.4 32.9 31.2 33.2 24.6 36.4 29.3	30.2 31.4 29.7 23.2 24.5 25.8 26.4 26.3 25.6 30.8 29.9 25.9 23.1 26.7 37.6 35.0 16.2? 33.0 33.3 28.2 29.2 27.3 25.9 12.2 27.1 22.7 28.1 34.2 33.1 29.6 34.8 37.7 38.8 36.5 40.2 41.8 41.3 36.9 35.8 35.7 37.6 46.1 44.8 46.8 38.4 51.1 43.7	1 44 13 47 23 0 26 31 34 19 20 6 0 7 19 8 6 23 8 2 9 11 28 58 18 19 29 23 20 23 26 10 8 30 38 10 62 2 46 5 22 18 12 18 41 75 40	3 L60 26 71 107 0 73 124 92 67 23 15 0 29 32 17 9 41 33 3 23 38 88 250 41 37 33 30 60 62 43 15 20 79 168 21 152 4 112 10 68 47 23 49 68 226 161	22 1 18 0 13 13 11 18 4 0 31 35 42 4 11 11 28 15 14 15 13 16 6 29 11 10 10 3 9 19 17 5 0 4 9 3 8 7 7 4 0 12 19 3 9 3 4	61 4 59 0 70 15 27 61 9 0 62 83 100 L5 16 20 84 25 39 29 27 50 13 81 28 20 11 5 24 45 28 9 0 17 37 7 18 19 19 11 0 38 32 3 21 5 15	6 0 10 0 0 0 0 6 1 0 0 12 0 9 0 15 3 0 0 2 0 5 8 10 10 •8 4 1 7 24 15 7 0 1 19 1 10 2 25 29 0 0 7 1 1 1 0	18 0 34 0 0 0 0 12 2 0 0 43 0 42 0 43 4 0 0 2
															
															
															
															
Watervliet Arsenal .... Plattsburg Barracks....															
															
Fort Mifflin...........															
															0
															8
															21
Key West Barracks....															27 31
															9
															5
Mount Vernon Arsenal. New Orleans Barracks.. Baton Rouge Barracks .															1 14 50 22 8
															0
															1
															48 3 21 2
Fort Mackinac........															78 55
															0
															0
															11
															5
															1 1
															0
 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
411
MONTH OF  JANUARY, 1852.
WINDS.
and sum of force.
S. E.
 2
 0
 4
14
 1
18
 0
 5
 3
 0
 1
 15
 31
 21
 3
 7
 0
 2
  6
  2
 10
  3
  2
  1
  7
  5
  3
  2
  8
 11
  5
 10
  5
  4
 10
  4
  3
 20
  2
 21
  0
  0
  10
  1
  2
  6
  0
 5
 0
12
35
 1
59
 0
12
 6
 0
 2
30
41
47
 4
 9
 0
 2
 19
  3
 30
  8
  5
  1
 18
  8
  4
  4
 19
 25
 11
 15
 11
  5
 14
  5
  6
 30
  4
 50
  0
  0
 27
  1
  2
  11
  0
0
6
2
0
2
0
5
3
17
26
30
15
 0
 6
11
 0
 6
 1
 4
 1
 6
 3
 4
 1
10
 5
 1
 3
16
 5
17
24
13
 6
 9
11
12
18
 8
23
 18
 32
 10
  3
 17
 16
  0
S.W.
 0
14
 9
 0
 6
 0
10
 4
24
81
69
51
 0
27
33
 0
 8
  1
 12
  1
 27
  7
  8
  2
 19
 12
  1
  7
 38
 10
 32
 30
 27
 10
 11
 11
 29
 28
 18
 85
 41
 70
  15
  9
  24
  36
  0
13
12
 9
23
27
10
15
 9
10
 6
13
11
35
31
36
15
35
  1
25
50
31
  4
  6
  1
  4
  5
  5
  5
  5
  5
  6
  9
  8
 46
 12
 11
 10
 31
  1
 12
 17
 10
 24
 26
  16
  1
  0
37
30
16
89
82
34
44
19
14
17
23
29
89
128
187
32
100
  3
 75
 93
113
 14
 14
  6
 15
  7.
 13
 12
 11
 18
125
 38
 14
 28
 79
  3
 28
 26
 20
 56
 82
 35
   1
   0
19  58
23
21
 0
28
 9
25
 4
 6
40
12
12
 0
 7
 4
37
19
24
10
  3
18
37
52
  3
 16
 16
 42
 16
  0
  4
 17
 36
  4
 10
 13
 29
  8
 32
  8
 20
 29
 28
  8
  12
  2
  9
  3
WEATHER.
Mean clearness of sky.
N. W.    S. R.
50
47
  0
74
25
94
  7
24
150
 15
21
  0
22
 16
118
 44
 39
 27
 10
 84
110
 96
  11
 30
 29
 50
 36
  0
  8
  40
  43
49
36
42
19
28
74
40
38
45
34
15
10
12
33
  4
32
24
28
46
43
30
40
 16
 12
 17
 43
 21
 55
 39
 26
 13
 15
 12
 18
 11
 25
  15
 20
  18
  2
  7
  11
  28
  61
  20
  9
  59
9 A. M.
141
101
101
 94
106
162
124
152
131
127
 17
 25
 39
146
   8
 80
 85
 65
171
102
150
126
 35
 45
 60
 96
 34
 131
 115
  66
  37
  23
  35
  44
  60
  90
  38
  57
  55
   9
   12
   35
   53
 151
   40
   21
 26U
3.97
5.80
2.29
2.80
2.64
3.00
5.50
5.64
3.26

2.16
1.52
4.03
1.45
2.22
5.26
1.18
5.03
4.00
5.06
6.41
5.64
4.06
3.77
5.20
 6.41
2.61
 5.45
 4.32
 4.42
 5.58
 6.80
 4.30
 5.03
 4.60
SP.M.
3.03
6.00
3.25
4.22
2.48
3.90
4.30
5.45
3.87

2.30
1.74
4.77
2.19
1.87
6.70
3.01
4.83
4.00
5.03
6.25
6.64
4.71
4.22
5.20
 6.38
 6.19
 5.83
 6.00
 4.45
 6.25
 7.32
 4.30
 4.51
 4.68
9 P.M.
3.78
1.90

1.18
3.70
4.77
6.45
3.06
3.90
5.51
4.96
2.32
5.50
3.35
4.51
2.84
4.00
4.20
6.09
3.52

2.19
1.96
4.38
2.41
1.32
6.27
3.25
4.48
3.64
4.93
6.61
6.63
4.48
3.74
5.51
 6.32
 6.67
 5.84
 6.03
 4.80
 6.22
 7.54
 4.60
 4.64
 5.06
4.16
2.38

2.14
3.09
4.78
6.51
3.70
3.91
4.64
4.67
2.60
4.83
4.70
5.58
4.80
5.00
5.30
5.38
4.58

2.21
1.61
3.51
3.09
2.51
6.19
4.09
5.35
4.61
5.80
6.54
7.58
6.06
6.03
5.61
 8.77
 7.00
 6.16
 6.16
 6.35
 7.51
 8.00
 5.20
 6.35
 3.00
Days.
RAIN AND SNOW.
Days.
2.98
5.53
3.40
4.28
3.19
3.97
4.82
5.64
3.81

2.22
1.71
4.17
2.28
1.98
6.10
2.88
4.92
4.06
5.20
6.45
6.62
4.85
4.44
5.38
 6.97
 5.62
 5.82
 5.63
 5.00
 6.39
 7.41
 4.60
 5.13
 4.34
4.39
2.64

1.25
4.22
5.67
8.45
3.00
3.35
5.48
5.38
3.65
4.00

1.11
5.35
5.90
8.22
5.29
3.48
5.93
5.68
 9
10
13
12
10
14
15
16
11
14
10
 5
12
 8
 7
13
 9
16
14
18
20
23
 17
 14
 18
 23
 20
 17
 18
 15
 21
 23
 15
 18
 16   15
4.00
2.73

1.42
4.09
5.28
7.41
3.76
3.66
5.39
5.17
22
21
18
19
21
17
16
15
20
17
21
26
19
23
24
18
22
15
17
13
11
  8
 14
 17
 13
  8
 11
 14
 13
 16
 10
  8
 16
 13
4
3
1
3
5
4
2
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
2
1
1
6
3
4
 4
 4
 4
 3
 4
 5
 4
 2
 4
 4
 3
 6
 2
 2
 4
 1
 0
 0
 1
  1
 0
  0
  2
  1
  1
REMARKS.
4.30
4.79
3.51
3.50
4.43
4.38
1.94
2.92
1.80
2.88
0.90
2.90
2.76
1.00
1.80
1.18
2.40
2.60
1.54
0.93
0.51
0.32

1.82
1.54
0.95
0.69
0.97
 1.92
 0.80?
 1.56
 1.37
 1.58
 2.22
 3.34
 1.21?
Clearness inaccurate.
Therm, protected.
1.28
0.20?
5.96?
1.77
0.13
0.06
1.09
0.96
0.12
0.7-2
Weather inaccurate.
Clearness inaccurate. 
412
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER
			MONTH OF JANUARY, 1852.												
	THERMOMETER.									WINDS.					
STATIONS.	Mean Temperature.					Range.				No. of Observations					
	S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P.M.	Mean.	Max. i	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean. 35.6 36.8 37.4 42.3 35.9 32.3 29.0 34.9 32.4 34.0 34.4 33.5 27.8 31.6 36.0 31.6 34.5 29.7 29.3 17.9 38.7 15.1 20.4 20.1 14.2 16.3 16.6 20.7 18.3	N.		N. E. E			
	23.32 29.19 28.70 29.70 32.35 31.80 35.70 29.97 32.00 40.51 31.77 48.68 43.90 39.42 33.25 31.29 35.06 22.35 16.71 33.94 16.54 44.25 43.58 46.32 43.29 41.45 . 40.93 39.25 39.67	27.58 33.77 41.35 42.93 42.03 42.35 41.77 40.58 40.22 45.54 41.12 58.83 51.93 51.84 49.06 45.25 44.29 42.41 36.23 38.03 33.00 53.67 58.45 58.90 47.24 48.31 44.83 40.51 43.54	39.61 47.97 51.61 56.35 51.25 54.32 55.51 56.55 56.09 57.12 50.45 61.38 62.51 62.33 61.87 59.96 60.77 60.06 51.38 43.35 42.67 63.93 66.48 66.74 54.16 58.16 55.64 50.01 48.58	27.87 36.16 35.93 40.35 37.90 40.87 43.06 44.45 41.45 48.77 42.41 53.03 52.74 48.87 47.64 41.86 46.00 32.93 28.74 40.32 26.54 50.41 53.22 52.48 48.10 45.16 45.06 41.19 41.25	29.60 36.77 39.40 42.33 40.88 42.34 44.01 42.89 42.44 47.98 41.44 55.48 52.77 50.59 47.96 44.59 46.53 39.69 33.27 38.91 29.69 53.07 55.43 56.11 48.20 48.27 46.61 42.74 43.26	60 -69 1 76 82 72 76 79 84 78 71 68 78 80 83 80 75 80 71 61 53 60 72 78 76 61 63 64 61 60	- 6 0 2 0 5 10 15 8 10 14 7 *22 25 19 12 13 12 10 4 21 — 9 38 35 36 34 32 30 22 25	30.4 32.2 36.6 39.7 31.1 33.7 35.0 41.1 35.6 23.0 26.6 12.5 27.2 32.4 32.0 30.4 33.5 31.3 27.7 14.1 30.3 18.9 22.6 19.9 12.8 14.7 17.4 18.3 16.7		48 27 40 18 23 30 18 6 6 8 16 13 36 18 3 12 25 11 49 5 18 1 0 1 4 11 3 6 ' 0	196 62 126 49 47 96 51 27 26 17 36 29 123 28 10 34 35 17 140 15 42 1 0 1 10 14 12 0	10 7 4 8 3 4 11 1 7 30 5 14 8 19 6 14 39 17 4 5 8 27 5 0 3 8 5 16 14	21 4 9 0 8 1		7 o 1
															
															3
													28 6 13 20 1 20 41 8 30 22 25 25 24 64 22 12 8 17 29 19 0 7 11 51 27	10 4 13 0 0 16 23 6 27 9 10 18 20 4 14 1 18 13 29 0 0 69 25 1 8 12	15 ;
															7
															24 |
															0 0 42 25 7 57 21 14 30 45 4 15 1 20 32 41 0 0 183 28 24 22
															
															
															
															
															
															
															
															
															
															
															
															
															
															
															
															
Columbia Barracks ...															
 
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414
METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER.
MONTH OF FEBRUARY, 1852.
	THERMOMETER.									WINDS.					
STATIONS.	Mean Temperature.					Range.				No. of Observationa					
	S. R.	9 A.M.	3 P.M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.	N.		N. E.		E.	
	22.10 17.44 20.65 24.24 27.34 27.31 26.90 27.13 24.07 20.08 17.07 19.00 22.24 23.62 27.37 24.51 30.27 29.72 31.68 39.68 47.79 52.24 55.86 66.48 60.38 55.51 52.27 49.76 50.89 55.20 51.06 42.58 40.00 32.75 32.32 27.45 . 34.20 . 20.03 15.10 . 8.82 . 16.00 . 11.17 16.58 oo 07 29.44 23.77 . 27.50	26.31 22.93 24.65 27.17 28.72 30.17 32.20 30.65 27.83 25.58 20.84 22.62 24.06 26.24 30.82 29.55 34.84 35.79 37.10 41.03 52.34 63.80 66.07 70.07 68.03 61.03 63.79 58.14 59.51 60.82 61.31 47.68 44.65 37.00 37.55 34.86 36.80 27.24 21.68 14.45 19.96 17.06 22.00 32.31	33.59 29.03 30.62 35.51 33.34 34.45 35.60 34.75 34.07 32.24 24.89 27.82 29.51 31.34 36.86 36.80 41.01 42.96 44.89 46.55 59.44 67.44 74.24 73.86 76.62 69.44 75.48 64.14 68.79 70.84 69.89 57.48 57.00 47.24 45.03 44.02 42.20 32.00 26.48 22.59 29.24 26.89 29.62 34.55	25.72 22.75 24.17 26.96 30.72 30.20 27.20 30.44 28.79 25.17 21.41 22.68 24.10 26.68 30.45 29.90 33.93 34.96 34.71 43.21 52.13 57.76 63.72 69.69 67.00 64.27 62.62 56.56 59.00 61.56 56.96 49.90 46.48 39.44 38.41 34.80 38.60 25.41 17.20 10.65 21.96 15.00 24.37 26.27 35.62 28.74 31.93	26.93 23.04 25.02 28.50 30.03 30.53 30.48 30.74 28.69 25.77 21.05 23.03 24.98 26.97 31.37 30.19 35.01 35.86 37.09 42.62 52.92 60.31 64.97 70.02 68.01 62.56 63.54 57.15 59.55 62.10 59.81 49.41 47.03 39.11 38.33 35.28 37.95 26.17 20.14 14.13 21.79 17.53 23.14 28.85 34.82 30.93 33,02	53 -45 -46 50 48 49 56 49 55 50 46 ■ 49 48 43 54 54 52 58 65 68 77 82 87 83 86 78 87 72 81 80 77 75 73 68 68 65 54 50 40 38 49 47 49 55 58 63 61	- 4 - 9 0 7 7 9 8 10 4 3 -11 -12 3 9 5 3 9 15 16 27 33 36 45 57 50 43 34 32 32 39 28 29 26 14 14 13 19 —14 —21 —26 —25 —14 —13 — 6 9 —10 — 4	26.1 12.0 21.0 21.5 18.0 18.5 25.5 18.3 26.3 24.2 25.0 26.0 23.0 16.0 22.6 23.8 17.0 22.1 27.9 15.4 24.1 21.7 22.0 13.0 18.0 15.4 13.5 14.9 21.4 17.9 17.2 25.6 26.0 28.9 29.7 29.7 16.1 23.8 19.9 23.9 27.2 29.5 25.9 26.1 23.2 32.1 28.0	30.9 32.0 25.0 21.5 23.0 21.5 22.5 20.7 24.7 22.8 32.0 35.0 22.0 18.0 26.4 27.2 26.0 20.9 21.2 15.6 19.9 23.3 20.0 13.0 19.0 19.6 29.5 25.1 27.6 23.1 31.8 20.4 21.0 25.1 24.3 22.3 18.9 40.2 41.1 40.1 46.8 31.5 26.1 34.9 25.8 40.9 37.0	9 13 27 0 13 1 10 6 18 2 5 11 0 0 23 3 3 12 7 5 13 14 14 38 10 10 28 8 9 19 12 14 21 12 17 22 23 4 35 6 13 20 9 5 19 | 32 1 21	26 49 40 0 56 1 22 16 40 6 9 22 0 0 33 4 7 19 24 9 54 47 44 156 18 16 34 12 22 42 23 32 46 31 37 47 78 10 88 19 22 47 19 21 32 94 51	6 4 6 23 5 15 13 10 1 0 12 9 3 2 8 1 8 14 13 34 32 8 2 23 8 7 12 7 19 2 6 17 11 31 2 2 18 2 3 0 4 4 7 3 17 16 ' 27	20 17 12 97 15 42 33 33 1 0 14 19 3 7 12 3 25 39 36 64 67 22 6 67 18 12 15 11 30 3 14 34 12 67 2 2 45 9 7 0 12 7 11 3 20 34 85	9 3 6 0 7 1 3 7 2 0 4 4 0 3 2 23 9 3 3 3 1 17 12 18 13 6 4 4 3 13 29 19 9 9 26 18 16 1 19 23 0 0 1 6 1	22 15 29 0 31 6 6 17 3 0 5 17 0 9 2 47 19 4 9 5 1 27 29 58 35 11 5 11 5 29 48 37 13 21 40 26 55 3
															
															
															
															
Watervliet Arsenal.... Plattsburg Barracks ....															
															
															
															
															
															
															
Key West Barracks															
															
															
															
Mount Vernon Arsenal. New Orleans Barracks.. Baton Rouge Barracks..															
															
															
															40 105
															0
															0
															2
															18
		32.72 41.51 30.34 40.87 31/13 1 41.51													1 15
															18
 
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418
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF MARCH, 1852.															
	TIIKRMOMETER.									WINDS.					
SI ATIONS.	Mean Temperature.					Range.				. No. of Observations					
|	S. R.	i 9 A.M.	3 P.M. 9 P.M. Mean.			Max.	Min.	Above Mean.	Below Mean.	N.		N.E.		v..	
	25.09 24.16 25.67 29.22 32.06 32.40 35.50 33.12 28.36 26.61 21.93 22.48 26.19 26.90 35.09 31.42 34.58 36.22 38.12 45.93 55.22 63.54 71.03 66.35 63.73 58.84 57.32 61.14 57.96 47.48 46.51 41.22 40.45 . 40.94 . 41.32 . 26.32 18.22 14.13 21.74 14.16 22.35 . 23.51 37.16 25.06 . 25.00 32.32 . 45.80	30.74 30.09 31.41 33.61 34.03 36.20 39.30 36.93 33.90 34.58 27.97 30.67 32.83 31.19 39.64 36.81 40.45 44.35 45.64 48.19 60.64 72.58 75.19 73.83 68.64 70.16 63.03 66.76 68.03 54.70 52.64 "47.12 47.32 45.09 j 46.22 32.61 26.61 20.00 26.54 22.45	35.51 i 30.19 j 30.38			48 49 55 54 52 53 66 55 59 56 46 56 52 53 74 69 73 70 79 73 81 87 83 90 84 88 84 85 84 92 92 87 80 80 74 56 42 38 57 46 57 64 85 79 71 80 91	6 3 4 9 11 15 20 24 7 __o - 7 -15 5 13 14 18 21 22 23 32-35 48 61 45 48 40 34 39 32 l 25 24 19 18 i 18 18 1 — 4 i— 7 — 5 |-16 — 8 0 16 7 — 2 9 23	17.6 19.6 23.8 21.0 16.7 17.1 25.8 18.3 25.6 23.4 18.8 27.2 | 21.3 22.4 33.8 31.9 32.2 27.1 33.7 24.1 20.8 17.2 8.6 16.5 13.7 18.7 19.8 18.0 18.1 36.8 38.0 39.2 31.8 33.2 27.4 25.0 17.8 20.0 28.6 24.8 31.2 33.7 41.1 45.7 41.0 36.7 37.3	24.4 26.4 27.2 24.0 24.3 20.9 20.2 12.7 26.4 34.6 34.2 43.8 25.7 17.6 26.2 19.1 19.8 20.9 22.3 16.9 25.2 21.8 13.4 28.5 22.3 29.3 30.2 28.0 33.9 30.2 30.0 28.8 30.2 28.8 28.6 30.0 28.2 25.0 32.4 37.2 34.8 30.3 27.9 26.3 32.0 34.3 30.7	4 27 19 0 31 ] 2 22 12 19 0 23 6 0 1 13 2 12 14 14 7 21 12 20 15 6 18 5 13 12 17 12 18 10 29 7 11 26 5 27 22 8 17	10 83 40 0 33, 6 38 33 63 0 48 9 0 4 17 7 34 27 62 13 89 33 79 25 15 25 7 39 24 52 34 56 31 79 19 32 53 14 69 37 14 50	13 18 9 21 14 23 9 19 2 2 11 9 20 7 15 3 27 25 29 34 18 6 8 10 9 12 12 3 7 6 1 13 8 10 32 16 3 2 7 16 9 11 17 15 , 38 5 1 10	46 77 43 95 57 80 26 63 7 5 22 11 38 28 26 10 92 57 94 89 79 16 32 20 16 15 20 13 11 20 4 31 29 28 63 33 4 5 21 33 17 25 27 38 128 16 14	11 3 17 0 20 1 27 7 0 0 2 15 0 14 15 46 9 4 4 10 7 12 40 20 21 7 3 18 20 21 1 6 9 12 0 11 29 23 19 7 4 i 12 1 1 12 i 5 10 12	32 12 70 0 82 1 51 20 0 0 3 40 0 58 30 12 19 7 11 18 15 35 150 38 36 8 5 43 32 51
			35.29 37.93 42.81 38.77 39.70 46.50 40.58 36.61 37.41 33.16 34.51 34.64 34.42 46.35 42.87 49.16 50.29 53.58 52.06 66.00 74.69 77.90 82.19 71.22 79.77 73.29 74.82 74.61 63.90 64.12 54.64 53.35 57.07 ; 51.19 35.54	28.09 29.83 26.26 36.20 35.30 39.50 36.25 34.58 31.93 25.81 26.80 29.03 29.77 39.74 37.26 38.90 40.93 43.90 49.32 58.96 68.48 73.45 71.83 72.45 68.52 62.93 65.11 62.90 i 54.74	29.41 31.21 32.98 35.26 35.90 40.20 36.72 33.36 32.63 27.22 28.79 30.67 30.57 40.20 37.09 40.77 42.95 45.31 48.87 60.20 69.82 74.39 73.55 70.26 69.32 64.17 66.96 65.87 55.20										
Fort Independence.....															
															
															
															
Watervliet Arsenal..... Plattsburg Barracks....															
															
Fort Mifflin...........															
															
															
Fort Moultrie..........															
															
Key West Barracks....															
															
															
Mount Vernon Arsenal. New Orleans Barracks . Baton Rouge Barracks..															
				52.74 ; 54.00											3
				48.29 51.87 44.06 47.74 29*58	47.82 48.25 46.79 46.62 31.01 24.17 18.03 27.40 21.21 26.80 30.35 43.89 33.34 30.00 43.34 53.76										11
															16 19 0 27
			30.22 21.64												86
			27.13 33.16 28.41	10.87 28.16 19.83 28.00											77
															44
															12
		26.25 ' 30.61													9
		29.58 43.13 34.40 27.87 46.64 52.21	33.12 30.19 51.70 : 43.58 43.75 30.16												44
										6 i 7 41 152					1 24
Fort Laramie.........			38.00 56.22 64.03	29.09 38.19 53.00						18 25 10	67 109 22				19 28
															22
 
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Am't in inches
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448
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF OCTOBER, 1852.
THERMOMETER.
Phantom Hill..........
Fort Chadbourne.......
Fort Worth...........
Fort Graham..........
Fort Croghan..........
San Antonio...........
Fort Mason...........
Fort McKavett........
Fort Terrett...........
Fort Ewell............
Fort Brown...........
Ringgold Barracks.....
Fort Mcintosh.........
Fort Duncan..........
Fort Inge.............
Fort Clarke............
Fort Fillmore..........
Fort Webster*.........
Fort Conrad...........
Albuquerque ..........
Fort Union............
Santa Fe .............
Fort Massachusetts.....
Fort Defiance..........
Fort Yuma............
San Diego.............
Rancho de Jurupa .....
San Francisco.........
Benicia...............
Fort Miller............
Fort Reading.........
Fort Orford..........,
Columbia Barracks
Dalles of the Columbia.
Fort Steilacoom........
Mean Temperature.
55.03
51.90
55.20
57.34
59.22
66.64
62.32
56.45
56.77
61.67
68.64
Gi. .61
64.03
60.77
58.09
60.80
44.90
40.26
42.23
37.00
36.26
29.61
30.80
61.35
57.03
54.61
50.90
52.96
51.35
45.80
49.13
46.64
40.51
45.32
9 A. M.   3 P. M
65.06
64.74
67.90
68.61
68.77
72.54
66.84
65.16
69.09
74.09
83.90
75.16
77.29
75.61
71.35
70.03
61.48
55.86
56.23
51.35
50.80
45.03
46.96
71.45
69.25
64.74
57.16
61.48
68.74
59.74
57.63
55.03
53.61
52.48
74.45
76.35
76.19
80.45
78.64
79.58
75.13
74.42
76.67
89.41
82.25
84.25
86.48
84.93
80.19
78.38
73.09
65.86
72.13
60.51
59.64
51.58
61.90
86.45
74.G4
74.54
60.06
69.93
83.36
75.00
61.08
62.93
67.77
58.58
Range.
Max.   Min.
62.12
59.29
63.16
65.32
65.93
71.41
68.81
61.13
63.51
68.36
73.58
73.87
72.81
69.12
63.67
64.64
56.64
46.46
55.22
64.16
63.07
65.61
67.93
68.14
72.54
68.27
64.29
66.51
73.38
77.09
75.47
75.15
72.61
68.32
68.46
59.03
52.11
56.45
42.80
44.80
34.25
42.87
72.35
59.61
65.35
53.70
57.96
61.87
58.51
50.95
51.38
52.41
50.38
47.91
47.87
40.12
45.63
72.90
65.13
64.81
55.46
60.58
66.33
59.76
54.70
52.90
53.57
51.69
87
89
90
87
89
87
99
92
97
96
99
92
88
82
72
85
71
72
62
92
89
69
81
9G
70
81
68
40
32
38
40
40
49
45
32
32
40
50
47
43
38
36
41
30
24
32
25
27
15
23
50
45
45
46
48
41
35
41
38
30
35
Above
mean.
23.8
23.9
23.4
20.1
20.9
17.5
18.7
24'. 7
20.5
25.6
14.9
21.5
20.9
26.4
23.7
19.5
23.0
19.9
28.5
23.1
24.1
21.9
29.4
25.1
26.9
24.2
13.5
20.4
29.7
24.2
17.3
16.1
27.4
16.3
Below
mean.
24.2
31.1
27.6
27.9
28.1
23.5
23.3
32.3
34.5
33.4
27.1
28.5
32.1
28.6
32.3
27.5
29.0
28.1
24.5
22.9
20.9
25.1
22.6
22.9
20.1
19.8
 9.5
12.6
25.3
24.8
13.7
15.9
23.6
16.7
No. of Observations
15  21
 4;  4
    11
    24
    29
     0
    19
     7
     9
    23
    52
    33
     9
    67
     2
    43
     6
    56
    24
    10
     3
    67
    95
    30
    61
     2
     0
    10
     0
     0
    61
     0
     4
     0
     0
N	E.	E.	
0	0	11	13
4	7	4	5
17	32	0	0
6	12	8	19
8	19	7	15
18	30	0	0
0	0	1	1
7	20	19	25
3	5	5	5
14	28	17	25
17	40	41	104
7	11	18-	32
15	20	11	15
8	13	25	73
23	34	30	64
4	5	20	43
5	11	15	32
8	14	9	15
23	59	9	12
15	18	28	42
1	1	6	13
1	1	f	1
6	18	0	0
7	13	0	0
14	35	25	34
16	19	24	26
2	7	1	2
1	3	1	1
0	0	1	1
4	10	20	53
1	3	1	1
3	5	0	0
40	96	30	77
0	0	16	21
1	2	12	17
* Post removed from Old Copper Mines, 8 miles E.N.E. to a point on the Rio de los Mimbres, on the 19th of this month. 
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METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
461
MONTHLY, AND EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE FOR 1852.
Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.	LOCALITY.
53.35	26.17	15.07	45.57	70.81	46.10	23.02	46.38	94 -	-28	47.6	74.4	Platte river, Nebraska.
49.56	25.23	19.92	43.30	71.78	44.52	27.87	46.87	97 -	-13	50.1	59.9	N. Fork of Platte riv., Nebras.
56.38	34.51	28.91	53.64	77.81	51.77	31.85	53.77	93 -	- 6	39.2	59.8	Arkansas river, Kansas.
63.11	45.10	38.82	61.26	76.67	59.09	40.89	59.48	93	0	33.5	59.5	N'r Canadian river, Ind. Ter.
66.15	49.55	44.11	62.49	78.80	62.39	44.43	62.03	98	2	32.0	60.0	Upper Brazos river, Texas.
64.16	50.28	46.10	64.94	78.71	62.16	44.88	62.67	106	0	43.3	62.7	Clear Fork of Brazos, Texas.
63.07	50.29	47.64		76.87	60.93	......	......	100	12			Concha river, Texas.*
65.61	51.52	46.30	64.59	79.39	62.80	46.20	63.25	101	5	37.7	58.3	Northern Texas.
67.93	56.65	50.84	66.08	81.39	66.13	49.96	65.89	112	15	46.1	50.9	Jose Maria village, Texas.
68.14	56.98	52.44	68.16	80.71	66.59	50.12	66.40	95	8 10	28.6	58.4	Texas. Colorado river, Texas.
72.54		.	73.66	84.07				95	14	--	--	Texas.
68.27	54.32	49.37		78.02	65.25	......	......	96	20	--	....	Llano river, Texas.
64.29	53.09	47.82		78.15	62.86	......	......	95	17	--	--	San Saba river, Texas.
66.51	53.90	48.59		79.51	64.53	......	......	100	19 7			N. Fork of Llano riv., Texas. Near Fredericksburg, Texas.
73.38	65.13	58.71	......	......	72.68	......	......	100	32	....	--	Neuces river, Texas. Neuces river, Texas.
77.09	69.68	65.57	75.78	82.23	75.69	63.61	74.31	96	22	21.7	52.3	Rio Grande, Texas.
75.47	68.97	62.92	78.19	85.43	75.37	61.84	75.21	105	25	29.8	50.2	Rio Grande, Texas.
75.15	66.62	59.58	77.88	87.21	74.64	59.29	74.76	105	19	30.2	55.8	Rio Grande, Texas!
72.61	58.80	54.45	77.80	86.21	70.71	55.81	72.63	107	12	34.4	60.6	Rio Grande, Texas.
68.32	57.57	52.79	69.58 70.38	79.63	67.06	52.57	67.21	95 94	13 12	27.8	54.2	Leona river, Texas Rio Seco, Texas.
68.46	58.38	53.21		......	67.18	......	......	--	26	--		Las Moras, Texas.
59.03	46.00	44.11	57.87	78.01	59.77	44.51	60.04	107	10	47.0	50.0	Rio Grande, Southern N.Mex.
52.11	38.11	40.63	50.23	70.07	50.57	......	......	100	12	--	--	Copper Mines, Rio Mimbres,
56.45	42.87 42.93	40.18 38.43	59.67	76.52	61.98	39.52	59.42	101	4 21 21?	41.6	55.4	N 'r Valverde, N. M. [N. M. New,Mexico. San Jose river, New Mexico.
47.91	34.27	35.05	49.42	64.28	46.21	33.56	48.37	87	— 9	38.6	57.4	Moro river, New Mexico.
47.87	34.39	29.62	......	......	47.27	......	......	....	13	--	....	New Mexico.
40.12	24.39	19.15	• ••••■	......	37.73	......		' ....	— 6	--	--	Sangre de Cristo Val.,N.M.
45.63	32.45	28.70		66.62	42.72	......		90	2	--	--	Cafioncito, "Western N. Mex.
72.90	61.46	55.47		87.92	72.64	......	......	108	32	--	--	Colorado river, California.
65.13	57.19	51.71	58.03 60.36	70.95 71.17	65.30	53.51	61.95	90 95	34 35	28.1	27.9	Coast of California. Rio Santa Ana, California.
64.81	56.03	51.12	54.32					81	36 36	--	--	Rio Santa Ana, California. Coast of California.
55.46	54.62	50.09		......	56.12	......	......	--	37	....	--	California.
60.58	55.86	49.04	55.90	67.87	61.47	49.89	58.78	98	34	39.2	24.8	California.
66.33	52.51	48.54	63.72		66.76	50.85		116	28 30	--	--	San Joaquin valley, California. Marysville, California.
59.76	51.80	43.42		79.37	61.30	......	......	106	31	....	....	Upper Sacramento val., Cal.
54.70	50.59	44.15		61.49	54.82	......	......	77	31	....	--	Ewinghar., n'r C. Orford, Or 'n.
53.90	45.08	33.20	49.52	• > •	......	39.37		98	22	....	--	Oregon, (Fort Vancouver.)
53.57	41.25	24.95							— 5	--	--	Columbia river, Oregon.
51.69	43.75	33.28	47.92	53.46	50.83	39.71	47.98	93	0	45.0	48.0	Puget's Sound, Wash'n Ter
*On Oak Creek, near the Colorado river, after September. 
462
METEOROLOGICAL    REGISTER
MONTHLY  SUM4MARIES  OF  AMOUNT OF RAIN,  1852.
STATIONS.
Jan.  Feb.
     I
Fort Sullivan...................  4.30
Fort Preble.....................  4.79
Fort Constitution................  3.51
Fort Independence..............J  3.50
Fort Adams....................  4.43
4.38
1.94
2.92
1.80
2.88
0.90
2.90
2.76
1.00
1.80
1.18
2.40
2.60
1.54
0.93
0.51
0.32
Fort Trumbull.............
Fort Hamilton.............
Fort Columbus.............
West Point.................
Watervliet Arsenal........
Plattsburg Barracks........
Madison Barracks..........
Fort Ontario...............
Fort Niagara..............
Alleghany Arsenal.........
Carlisle Barracks...........
Fort Mifflin................
Fort McHenry.............
Fort Washington...........
Fort Monroe...............
Fort Moultrie..............
Fort Marion...............
Fort Pierce...............
Key West Barracks........
Fort Myers...............
Fort Brooke..............
Fort Meade...............
Fort Barrancas...........
Mount Vernon Arsenal---
East Pascagoula..........
New Orleans Barracks ....
Baton Rouge Barracks.....
Fort Towson..............
Fort Washita............
 Fort Smith................
Fort Gibson..............
 Fort Scott......................[ 2.22
 Jefferson Barracks..............| 8.34
 St. Louis Arsenal................1 1.21?
 Newport Barracks...............  ---
 Fort Gratiot...................' 1-28
Fort Mackinac!.................j  ---
 Fort Brady.....................!
 Fort Howard....................' 1-77
Mar.
1.82
1.54
0.95
0.69
0.97
1.92
0.80!
1.56
1.87
1.58
3.60
2.56
2.55
1.32
5.41
6.02?
2.27
3.08
3.80
1.10
1.33
2.79
2.14
1.71
3.34
2.23
2.48
3.60
3.28
1.18
1.21
0.59

3.67
1.00
0.85
0 27
3.40
1.95

1.45
6.73?

4.80

5.67
0.11
1.73
 1.48

 1.36
April
Fort Ripley. .
FortSnelling.
Fort Dodge ..
0.18
0.06
1.09
0.66
0.42
0.14
0.58
2.90
3.59
2.26
1.26
5.90
6.54
4.11
4.43
2.68
2.06
2.02
5.89
3.66
4.46
2.03
3.96
4.60
3.90
2.88
1.82
4.35

*3.05
 8.74
11.77
 6.40
 2.08

 1.52

 4.24
 2.19

 5.40

 2.24
 0.98
 7.19
 8.00
 4.13
 4.57
3.87
6.61
2.04
4.10
8.54?
0.60
4.00
8.67
7.93
6.06
4.74
4.66
4.16
3.42
3.29
0.68?
2.87
9.27
4.69
8.20
7.80
7.05
2.72
2.96

4.80
2.17
5.70
3.05
2.13

 6.24

 5.25
 8.29
2.95
2.17
1.39
2.54
6.04
2.84
2.97
2.37
2.49
May.
0.30
2.82
1.42
1.20
3.92
3.71
3.20
2.24
1.85
1.67
0.86
2.56
3.84
2.96
5.30
1.70
2.29
1.53
4.17

1.30
0.40
3.25
3.06
2.31

6.75
8.85
 4.61

 6.72
10.74
 8.12
 4.44
 2.11
 0.94
June.
1.55 1 2.16
2.20
5.02
2.79
2.71
1.70
4.23
2.80
2.11
2.30
1.28
4.06
2.91
2.76
3.36
4.55
2.70
3.51
1.89
 6.85
 8.51
18.13
13.20
11.71

 1.56
 1.85
 5.48
 4.58
 5.85
 6.36
11.85
 7.82
 4.20
July.
4.00
3.19
2.53
1.92
2.10
2.94
2.64
3.25
4.67
2.87
1.18
1.98
2.55
3 51
5.45
5.70
2.89
3.83
5.43

8.00
6.16
Aug.
 4.
 8.31?
 6.20
 5.35
 6 90
14.55?
 4.46
 6.20
 6.39
 2.73
 0.53
 2.60
 2.76
 4.38
 4.40
 4.60
11.54
 4.90
 4.15

 4.30
 6.03
12.02  7.60
10.95 14.30
4.72
2.05
2.10
0.08
5.16
11.41
 8.02
 1.92
 6.04

 5.64

 2.90
 4.96
 6.12
 4.45
 2.72
 1.08
 1.10
3.92
 6.35
16.25
 9.64
 8.54
4.45
3.94
4.99
2.90
3.24
2.12
8.40
Sept.
1.37
2.74  0.
3.40
3.42
2.71
1.60
2.55
5.22
1.99
2.29
2.39
2.67
 3.31
 5.06
 3.09
 1.45
 1.40
 2.20
 1.75
 1.55
11.70

 7.00
 6.22
 9.54
10.00
 6.60
 0.65
 0.70
 0.65

 8.30
4.38
2.40
2.97
1.14
1.40
6.40
0.72
Oct.
3.50
5.30
2.92
1.42
2.60
5.79
2.25
2.06
2.99
2.67
1.57 I 0.89 I  2.51
2.24
1.64
3.30
2.60
2.20
1.92
1.20

o.eo
4.18
0.40
0.30
1.32
1.10
2.40

2.83
2.81
4.88
5.95
4.89
5.50
6.23
4.81
4.73
2.65

8.94
4.11

1.27
0.82
4.10
Nov.
4.20
6.38
4.35
2.94
6.62
7.82
4.14
6.07
4.47
4.70
4.47
2.62
2.67
6.27
3.80
7.90
6.90
2.06
2.12

1.82
3.00
0.98
3.20
0.15
7.80
9.74

7.00
9.32
4.84
3.77
4.05
4.91
5.98
3.80
2.75
4.32

0.63
1.42

3.10
0.22
1.92
Dec.
 2.50
 6.10
 4.65
 3.00
 6.53
10.58?
 3.80
 4.45
 5.31
 2.35
4.09
5.97
5.01
3.61
5.45
6.20
4.64
2.94
4.60

2.30
3.41
2.34
3.00
1.32
3.51
7.15

5.80
3.95
0.77
0.29
1.62
0.74
1.98
3.97
2.90
8.53?

3.46
2.99

2.87
0.15
2.27
Spring.
 7.80
14.95?
10.28
 6.46?
18.49
18.18
13.37
11.41
 9.19
 7.89
 5.20
 9.89
15.14
11.61
18.10
13.40
12.22
 6.07
11.48

 9.15
11.81
20.72
12.51
 6.52

14.51
16.56

11.63

11.91
13.89
16.70
14.98
12.28
 7.85
 8.99
12.94
 9.25
 5.76
11.00
16.52?
11.52
 9.98
10.70
21.72?
 9.90
11.56
18.36
 6.88
 5.77
 7.49
 8.07
11.25
14.40
13.00
17.94
10.62
18.44

19.15
20.70
37.75
88.45
29.47

13.12
16.43
12.83
13.48
16.96
18.71
17.81
11.02
 8.70
7.39
3.71
7.62
11.10
15.10
 9.98
 5.96
11.77
18.83
 8.38
10.42
 9.85
10.04
12.58
10.98
 8.00
 9.36
 8.50
12.70
10.85
 5.53
15.02

 9.42
13.40
10.92
13.50
 8.07
 9.55
12.84
15.43

16.15
12.84
14.79
14.61
11.58
 8.62
10.27

 5.97
10.77
 1.76
 8.53
* Last 15 days.      '[The measurement at Forts Maclcinac and Brady were inaccurate for the larger portion of the year. 
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
463
MONTHLY SUMMARIES OF AMOUNT OF RAIN, 1852.
STATIONS.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
April.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.	Sept.
4.22	1.61
1.84	2.17
1.46	2.74,
5.10	3.85
4.82	5.04
	4.82
2.32	4.01
6.41	5.60
3.76	1.53
3.09	5.96
1.75	3.49
1.54	4.70
0.85	3.42
1.61	5.72
3.90	8.50
1.44	4.24
0.23	2.06
0.32	6.10
0.12	2.83
0.87	3.50
1.00	1.47
4.29	3.47
1 32	1.10
4.06	0.19
5.49	3.04
	0.91
1.30	1.82
0.33	1.45
0.40	0.00
	0.00
0.00	
0.00	0.00
0.00	0.01
0.00	0.07
0.00	0.00
1.00	
1.78	1.02
Oct.   Nov.
Dec.
Spring.
Summer. Autumn
Winter.
Fort Leavenworth ....
Fort Kearney.........
Fort Laramie.........
Fort Atkinson.........
Fort Arbuckle.........
Fort Belknap .........
Phantom Hill.........
Fort Chadbourne......
Fort Worth...........
Fort Graham..........
Fort Croghan ........
San Antonio..........
Fort Mason...........
Fort McKavett........
Fort Terrett...........
Fort Martin Scott.....
Fort Ewell............
Fort Merrill...........
Fort Brown...........
Ringgold Barracks ....
Fort Mcintosh........
Fort Duncan..........
Fort Inge.............
Fort Lincoln..........
Fort Clarke..........
Fort Fillmore.........
Fort Webster..........
Fort Conrad..........
Albuquerque..........
Fort Union............
Santa Fe..............
Fort Massachusetts....
Fort Defiance.........
Fort Yuma............
San Diego.............
Rancho del Chino.....
Jurupa ...............
Monterey.............
San Francisco.........
Benicia...............
Fort Miller.............
Camp Far West........
Fort Reading..........
Fort Orford............
Columbia Barracks____
Dalles of the Columbia
Fort Steilacoom.......
0.96
0.12
0.72
1.35
0.64
1.70
1.00
0.50
1.00
0.46
0.28
0.34
0.26
0.01
0.58
0.40
0.36
0.42
1.60
9.81
11.50
0.28
0.25
1.10?
3.75
5.25
6.00
4.30
3.10
0.60
0.88
1.05
2.30
1.40
2.96

0.29
1.51
0.03

0.59
1.84


0.30

0.00
0.61
0.13


4.77
 1.35
 0.28
15.50*

 1.21
5.20
8.75
9.18
6.00
12 40
0.35
0.65
1.41
6.27
2.62
4.90

0.04
0.13
0.00

0.00
 1.87


 6.12

 4.78
15.59
10.05


 4.26
5.50
0.73
1.25

1.41
1.73
4.00
2.79
0.70
1.90
0.59
1.08
0.00
0.68
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.23

0.20
4.45
0.07
0.70
0.24
0.85
0.92
0.03
2.59
2.87
6.56
4.71
5.23
7.29

7.30
6.25
4.27
2.65
2.21
2.66
8.94
4 75
5.15
4.05
2.28
1.18
2.13
5.76
4.26

0.40
1.23
0.25
0.07
0.73
0.10
0.00
0.60
8.49
6.53
3.02
4.08
4.60
2.69
1.88
5.00
3.81
3.68
3.78
5.09
3.46
4.84
4.27
1.13
5.05
0.96
1.19
2.81
8.07
3.38
5.98
3.14
4.90
3.75
3.53
6.64
1.84
3.04
8.76
0.70
0.82
1.52
6.70
6.82
1.10
1.74  3.84
4.89
2.15
8.15?
7.05
2.35
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.16

0.03
0.00

1.06
0.83
1.77
5.43  5.12   3.84   0.12  0.82  0
4.79
0.65
0.07
2.73
0.90
0.28
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.31
2.64
1 85
1.70
6.81
7.16
5.90
4.81
3.64
5.40
3.69
3.35
2.70
2.54
5.26
3.92

1.41

4.95
4.78
1.13
1.22
3.19

2.09
0.77
1.19
1.63
0.35
3.44
2.55
1.84
1.60
0.00
0.06

0.00

0.69
1.05
0.07
3.53
2.24
6.42
1.39
2.50
3.15
2.45
0.80
2.60
5.70
1.50
1.59
1.23

0.15

0.90
0.01
0.24
0.24
1.52

1.91
2.66
3.48
1.34
0.16
2.83
1.65
6.34
1.22
0.35
1.45
4.92
2.28
8.80
0.4S  8.48
.... 12.03
1.55
0.25
8.72
7.37
2.75
6.17
0.60
0.73
1.23
1.60
0.12
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.31
0.57

0.01
0.01
0.00
 0.00
 0.08
 0.06
 0.00
 0.00

 0.00
 0.00
 0.30
 0.08
 0.02
 0.02
 1.36
 1.45
 1.30
 0.04
 4.50

 7.50

12.07
 9.03
20.60

11.18
16.91
18.37
 8.01
11.56
 6.24
10.09

 9.92
11.10
15.80
14.18
 9.36
4.40
3.61
3.59
8.40
8.53
9.39

0.64
4.81
0.32
0.77
0.97
3.04
7.14
 4.81
18.78
14.81
15.35
 7.55
 7.42

15.21
13.30
13.36
12.34
10.62
10.37
11.64
 7.53
 8.92
 9.65
 3.22
 2.94
 9.83
15.01
 6.58
13.97
 4.12
12.28
15.27
4.55
0.61
0.40
0.16
0.03
0.00
1.06
1.64
1.87
 7.78
 5.76
10.86
12.05
14.66

12.08
 8.45
13.60
10.92
12.64

 7.74
10.27
10.87
14.35
 9.03
 3.43
 7.56
 7.54

 7.50
 4.90
 8.14
 4.07
 0.70
 9.81
 5.11

 4.64
 1.80
 1.51
5.61
2.34
8.94
10.91
*1.55?  "Snow 8.60."—An apparent  error of entry. 
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466
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
SUMMARY OF WEATHER
	WEATHER.							WINDS.				
STATIONS.	DAYS.				DAYS.							
	Fair.	Cloudy.	Rain.	Snow.	N.	N.E.	E.	S. E.	S.	S. w.	w.	N. W.
	286	80	66	1	30	*2.	30	64	59	41	30	24
	287	79	47	2	57	10	11	37	76	33	23	17
	274	92	55	3	56	15	42	13	160	22	61	8
	209 224	157 142	64 71	3 2	46 27	43 24	21 11	85 50	46 124	23 73	20 18	43 27
												
	212	154	83	3	21	38	26	103	31	37	26	46
	166	79	54	0	15	16	12	31	43	46	9	23
Fort McKavett(&)...	202	93	52	0	19	15	17	67	82	14	8	12
	206	69	48	0	3	17	39	160	2	10	32	17
Ft. Ewell (Merrill) (/)	192	52	39	0	21	23	29	69	43	12	8	6
	263 244	103 122	41 55	0 0	18 36	43 23	64 39	110 127	69 80	30 4	13 2	16 16
Ringgold Barracks...												
	224	142	5tj	0	19	47	40	173	14	5	4	36
	290	76	58	0	33	28	123	135	8	8	6	67
	232	134	62	0	21	67	120	35	4	1	6	17
	96	104	48	1	32	21	10	41	51	21	10	8
	- 95	58	20	0	32	5	18	49	29	3	5	4
	309	57	53	2	27	27	34	43	36	42	45	42
	288	47	71	13	48	29	34	24	25	34	97	29
	296 248	70 58	42 49	7 3	60 26	20 20	9 29	5 38	62 56	23 20	80 46	11 9
												
	265 103	101 50	62 19	19 21	40 21	14 . 17	15 1	23 11	21 31	23 36	34 8	99 25
Fort Massachusetts (h]												
	176	69	35	12	14	30	18	12	11	49	67	37
	175	40	16	0	35	10	29	17	"38	13	32	13
	216	150	52	0	9	34	58	23	46	89	80	15
Rancho del Chino (n).	233	103	33	0	0	4	2	16	28	203	46	8
	131	82	28	0	18	6	1 -	2	4	32	50	33
San Francisco (p)....	82	102	39	0	7	2	1	7	11	18	45	91
	230 254	136 65	59 61	0 0	1 14	2 18	32 52	5 35	16 18	53 25	220 25	2 11
												
Fort Reading (m)	171	43	32	3	24	3	1	7	36	5	6	13
Fort Orford (ro).....	121	93	70	2	11	4	1	65	7	12	0	105
Columbia Barracks (r)	123	122	107	17	12	23	32	64	10	24	15	56
	119	247	146	25	8	29	27	91	14	78	41	85
(a)  First four months.
(6)  Last nine months.
(c)  First five months.
(d)  Two months, May and June not included
(e)  June, July, and August, not included
(k) Last ten months.
(J)  Last eight months.
(m) Last seven months.
(?i)  September not observed.
(o)  First seven months.
(/) Eight months; April to July at Fort Merrill, and September to December at Fort Ewell.
(g) Six and a half months, to July.                           (p) Last six months.
(A) Last five months.                                        (q) July and part of June not observed.
(i)  January omitted.                                        (r) Four months, Feb., July, Aug., and Sept., omitted. 
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408
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER
MONTH OF AUGUST,  1853.
THERMOMETER.
Phantom Hill.........
Fort Chadbourne .....
Fort Graham.........
Fort Croghan.........
.Fort McKavett.......
Fort Mason..........
Fort Terrett..........
Fort Men ill..........
Fort Ewell...........
Fort  Brown..........
Ringgold Barracks....
Fort Mcintosh........
Fort Inge.............
Fort  Duncan.........
Fort Clarke..........
Fort Fillmore.........
Fort Webster.........
Fort Conrad..........
Albuquerque .........
Santa Fe.............
Fort Union*.........
Fort Massachusetts....
Fort Defiance........
Fort Yuma...........
San Diego...........
Rancho de Jurupa
Fort Miller...........
San Francisco........
Benicia Barracks.....
Fort Reading.........
Columbia Barracks....
Dalles of the Columbia
Fort Steilacoom......
71.70
G5.94
73.58
73.12
67.13
74.00
65.48
73.26
74.67
76.25
76.45
75.13
70.93
72.67
72.70
72.38
58.12
64.93
Mean Temperature.
Range.
57.48
50.35
47.51
58.45
81.32
65.74
64.87
64.96
53.35
55.52
62.51
56.71
56.51
50.38
83.90
74.09
88.32
78.64
85.06
78.84
79.00
88.14
89.12
85.25
83.90
88.45
84.58
82.70
79.93
81.00
82.61
77.61
70.16
75.70
68.16
73.12
95.38
75.19
.4.03
83.35
57.48
62.06
80.41
62.48
71.09
62.48
3 P. M.
95.06
85.22
94.58
87.41
90.71
88.42
89.93
93.50
92.48
88.70
93.83
96.06
90.29
91.96
86.93
92.38
83.09
87.00
 76.41
 75.61
 75.00
 79.41
102.90
 81.58
 86.29
100.06
 62.80
 78.03
 94.83
 73.93
 84.12
 76.58
82.48
65.51
81.63
77.62
72.16
81.16
74.00
80.70
81.61
80.83
83.80
83.26
76.93
79.83
75.41
79.80
64.51
74.16
62.77
55.51
55.67
65.00
89.03
69.03
72.87
81.87
53.96
60.32
77.29
63.03
69.09
59.00
83.29
75.08
84.53
79.22
78.76
80.60
77.10
83.90
84.47
82.76
84.50
85.72
80.68
81.79
78.74
81.39
72.08
75.92
100
 96
103
 98
102
 93
 98
100
104
 94
102
107
 95
 98
 92
100
 94
66.71
64.29
61.58
69.00
92.16
72.88
74.51
82.56
56.90
63.98
78.76
64.04
70.21
62.11
 87
 87
 86
 91
110
 90
 96
113
 66
 90
104
 84
 97
 93
68
62
68
71
63
72
60
71
71
74
73
72
67
67
68
66
50
61
53
46
39
46
76
56
56
54
51
53
55
43
47
43
Above
Mean.
16.7
20.9
18.5
13.8
23.2
12.4
20.9
16.1
19.5
11.2
17.5
21.3
14.3
16.2
13.3
28.6
21.9
22.1
20.3
22.7
24.4
22.0
17.8
17.1
21.5
30.3
 9.1
26.0
25.2
20.0
26.8
30.9
Below
Mean.
15.3
13.1
16.5
13.2
15.8
 8.6
17.1
12.9
13.5
 8.8
11.5
13.7
13.7
14.8
10.7
15.4
22.1
14.9
13.7
18.3
22.6
23.0
16.2
16.9
18.5
28.7
 5.9
11.0
23.8
21.0
23.2
19.1
WINDS.
No. of Observations
N.		N.	E.	E.	
0	0	2	9	17	47
1	3	0	0	2	7
6	14	20	39	12	25
' 0	0	0	0	3	9
2	4	3	4	4	4
1	4	3	.10	5	11
0	0	2	2	20	22
5	6	8	16	17	38
2	2	2	2	4	5
1	2	5	12	17	41
0	0	1	1	5	16
0	0	13	19	1	1
0	0	8	8	80	113
0	0	0	0	28	79
2	3	0	0	3	7
3	8	1	2	8	15
17	26	3	3	4	6
11	28	11	32	10	14
0	0	1	1	19	19
9	17	10	19	16	31
24	24	15	25	10	12
55	167	1	3	9	25
12	19	11	20	12	32
22	27	6	6	5	5
0	0	5	5	17	19
0	0	0	0	0	0
0	0	1	1	20	26
0	0	0	0	0	0
0	0	0	0	0	0
7	13	0	0	0	0
42	103	3	6	25	62
6	15	0	0	1	2
3	10	0	0	0	0
  * The lower temperatures at 3 p. m. and 9 p. m. for this month, at Fort Union, are  due to the frequency of thunder storms in this
part of the day, reducing the temperature much below that of clear weather at the same hours at such altitudes. 
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B1	3	3	'
			
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P	3 P	P	>
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502
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF  SEPTEMBER,  1853.
STATIONS.
THF.RMOMET1'.
Mean Temperature.
M. I  3 P. M.   9 P. M. I  Mean.   Max. ;  Min.
Fort Merrill
Fort Ewell.
Fort Brown
Ringgold Barracks
Fort Mcintosh
Fort Inge----
Fort Duncan
Fort Clarke
Fort Fillmore
Fort Webster
Fort Conrad
Albuquerque
Santa Fe...
Fort Union
Fort Massachusetts
Fort Defiance
 Fort Yuma
 San Diego
 Rancho de Jurupa
 Fort Miller
 San Francisco
 Benicia Barracks..
 Fort Reading
 Columbia Barracks . .
 Dalles of the Columbia
 Fort Steilacoom......
Above
mean.
Below
mean.
18.4	22.6
17.2	23.8
10.1	16.9
If).4	22.6
19.6	26.4
17.5	28.5
17.3	26.7
14.5	26.5
22.5	21.5
14.3	21.7
23.6	23.4
6.1	5.9
19.3	16.7
20.6	21.4
26.3	27.7
25.6	23.4
20.7	20.3
28.3	17.7
19.9	22.1
27.0	25.0
11.0	8.0
25.6	12.4
25.3	19.7
23.7	18.3
24.3	17.7
24.4	20.6
WINDS.
No. of Observation!!
N. E.
12
10
13
12
 3
 5
16
19
 0
27
 8
 0
20
45
86
10
50
  0
  0
  1
  0
  0
33
20
  7
 44
29
15
26
34
37
38
  4
10
  2
  4
20
  2
23
17
  I
  8
16
  5
27
  2
  1
  0
  0
  0
  3
  2
52
29
57
66
62
61
13
23
  8
  7
68
11
54
27
  3
11
25
  5
30
  3
  3
  0
  0
  0
  3
  5
E	
4	4
14	17
17	32
11 1	20
0 |	0
 
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METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
519
MONTHLY, AND EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE FOR 1851.
Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.	Max.	Min.	Above Below mean. mean.		LOCALITY.
			53.65	79.22				102	3			Arkansas river, Kansas.
60.77	52.91	42.44	60.58 62.54	79.55 78.62	62.73	41.48	61.08	101 98	10 16.	39.9 1 51.1		Near Canadian river, Ind. Ter. Northern Texas.
65.29	55.45	46.07	63.41	81.48	66.68	44.74	64.08	103	11	38.9 53.1		Upper Brazos river, Texas.
63.02	56.24	46.60	64.56	80.42	65.36	46.32	64.16	100	11	35.8 i 53.2		Clear Fork of Brazos, Texas.
54.71?	54.24	46.61	61.33 65.06 62.32	73.84 81.21 79.20	59.81	46.43	60.35 ......	96 103 99	9 19 19	35.6 ! 51.4		Near Colorado river, Texas. Jose Maria village, Texas. Texas.
			63.78	76.56				102	16	....	....	San Saba river, Texas.
65.57	58.16		65.83	79.03	66.81	......	......	95	20	....	....	Llano river, Texas.
63.66	58.57	50.59	64.72	75.81	65.25	47.00	63.20	98	12	34.8	51.2	N. Fork of Llano riv., Texas.
74.87	67.04	57.15	......	......	73.85	......	......	100	38	1 .... ....		Neuces river, Texas.
71.49	64.41	55.08	72.95	84.93	72.23	55.85	71.49	105	26	33.5 : 45.5		Neuces river, Texas.
71.11	69.37	62.26	75.88	83.09	73.13	59.48	72.89	94	30	21.1 42.9		Rio Grande, Texas.
73.28	69.34	61.03	75.86	85.21	74.41	59.65	73.78	]02	31	28.2 42.8		Rio Grande, Texas.
72.92	67.98	57.71	75.44	85.90	74.43	56.62	73.10	108	28	24.9 j 45.1		Rio Grande, Texas.
69.64	62.98	51.80	72.46	82.55	71.10	51.41	69.38	104	19	34.6 50.4		Eagle Pass of Rio Grande,
66.76	60.75	54.00	68.50	79.93	68.35	51.58	67.09	96	18	28.9	49.1	Leona riv.,Texas. [Texas
66.22	62.23	52.92	66.94	78.63	68.30	50.95	66.20	94	20	27.8	46.2	Las Moras, Texas.
65.00	57.48	50.82	63.53	82.86	66.67	45.84	64.72	106	13	41.3	51.7	Rio Grande, Southern N. Mex.
55.39	49.12	45.02	55.61	73.36	56.40	42.08	56.86	99	13	42.1 43.9		Copper Mines, Rio Mimbres,
57.29	46.66	38.37	60.32	77.01	58.44	38.94	58.68	98	11	39.3 47.7		N'rValverde, N. M. [N. M.
58.80	47.88	41.09	56.92		59.18	41.10		86	13	.... ....		New Mexico.
48.27	40.30	31.39	50.71	67.49	50.44	30.18	49.70	88	7	38.3 ! 43.7 j		New Mexico.
46.37	42.56	34.12	49.56 41.41	64.55 61.13	49.10	33.01	49.06	93 87	2 — 8	43.9 47.1 ----I ----		Moro river, New Mexico. Sangre de Cristo val., N. M.
44.21	36.43	28.65	45.78	68.13	47.34	28.73	47.50	94	6	46.5 ! 41.5		Canoncito, Western N. M.
79.44	65.74	57.10	72.83	91.92	78.17	58.34	75.31	121	36	45.7	39.3	Colorado river, California.
68.94	58.39	53.52	61.31	71.39	66.02	53.41	63.03	99	35	36.0	28.0	California.
69.00	57.00	53.62	62.42	74.19	66.69	54.87	64.54	96	29	21.5	35.5	Rio Santa Ana, California.
68.77	55.72	46.41	64.33	85.56	66.50	49.75	66.54	118	28	51.5	38.5	San Joaquin valley, California
59.66	55.94	51.28	54.79	57.03	58.19	50.73	55.18	82	39	26.8	16.2	California.
64.50	56.29	46.57	56.55	65.93	61.72	48.35	58.14	93	32	34.9	26.1	California.
65.05	53.12	46.23	59.03	80.68	62.96	47.80	62.62	109	28	46.4	34.6	Upper Sacramento val., Cal.
53.67	42.74	33.42	48.34 52.18	......	......	35.48		101	10 33	....	....	Scott's val. ,near Klamath ri v., N'r C. Orford, Oregon. [Cal.
53.51	45.37	41.78	53.58	66.00	53.05	40.57	53.30	91	19	37.7	34.3	Oregon, (Fort Vancouver.)
55.35	41.80	40.07	53.10	70.57	53.62	36.49	53.44	105	10	51.6	43.4	Columbia river, Oregon.
53.58	45.10	44.62	49.43	63.10	52.41	41.38	51.58	94	20	42.4	31.6	Puget's Sound, Wash'n Ter. i
 
520                                       METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
MONTHLY  SUMMARIES  OF  AMOUNT OF RAIN,  1853.
STATIONS.
Fort Sullivan..........
Fort Preble............
Fort Constitution.......
Fort Independence...  .
Fort Adams...........
Fort Trumbull.........
Fort Hamilton.........
Fort Columbus.........
West Point.............
Watervliet Arsenal.....
Fort Ontario...........
Fort Niagara..........
Alleghany Arsenal.....
Carlisle Barracks.......
Fort Mifflin............
Fort McHenry.........
Fort Washington.......
Fort Monroe...........
Fort Moultrie  .........
Now Smyrna...........
Fort Pierce............
Key West Barracks-...
Fort Myers...........,
Fort Bi-ooke...........
Fort Meade...........
Fort Barrancas........
Mount Vernon Arsenal
East Pascagoula......,
New Orleans Barracks .
Baton Rouge Barracks.,
Fort Towson..........
Fort Washita........
Fort Smith............
Fort Gibson..........
Fort Scott............
Jefferson Barracks----
St. Louis Arsenal......
Newport Barracks.....
Fort Mackinac........
Fort Brady...........
Fort Ripley...........
FortSnelling..........
Fort Ridgely..........
Fort Dodge...........
Fort Leavenworth___
1.T0
1.S7
2.35
2.16
6.63
4.50
4.5S
4.14
3.27
1.78
1.17
1.11
1.56
1.26
0.80
1.30
3.19
1.54
1 90
 5.00
 2.80
 4.29
 4.55
 1.22
 4.15
11.18

 3.20
 4.48
 1.72
 0.62
 0.93
 0.82
 2.C8
 7.20
 8.55
 4.82
 3.48
 5.13
11.49?
 7.24
 4.98
 5.45
 4.08
 4.12
 1.64
 3.53
 2.73
 3.54
 3.40
 4.40
 1.90
 2.80
 0.42
 2.20
 0.35
 1.60
 1.60
 0.55
 6.80
 8.10

 4.20
 4.19
 2.90
 2.67
 1.99
 2.27
 1.30
Mar. ] Aprill May.  June.
0.57  1.51
0.5S i 2.13
1.30
0.51
0.92
0.18
0.00
0.20
0.01
4.70
2.05
1.19
0.34
00.1

0.26
0.30
4.50
2.61
0.29?
1.16
4.65
4.86
5.79
2.03
3.23
2.72
0.89
2.54
1.11
0.75
2.20
2.70
3.47
1.41
3.30
1.73
5.15
12.06
2.53
3.35
0.99
4.82
16.45?

7.38
4.67
3.88
0.75
1.10
1.C6
0.82
0.85
0.90
 1.35
 2.12
 0.48
 1.06
 0.02

 1.31
 0.15
 1.90
 3.76
 3.23
 2.77
10.48
11.44
 4.73
 3.32
 5.S4
 3.36
 3.04
 3.40
 4.16
 3.02
 3.93
 3.10
 3.56
 2.47
 1.06
 0.63
 2.45

 2.20
 0.75
 0.03
 0.51
 6.59

 1.88
 0.57
 4.99
 1.39
 0.99
 3.52

 3.53
 3.68
 6.33
 0.85
 0.73
 1.31
 0.73

 3.92
 2.36
 3.80
 7.08
 6.96
 6.31
 7.56
10.75?
 6.02
 5.80
 7.93
 5 84
 2.01
 3.70
 3.27
 3.69
 5.70
 4.30
 6.23
 2.08
 2.53
 1.14
 4.55
 0.94
 1.79
 0.30
 0.15
 4.00
 5.34

 2.80
 4.55
 9.09
 7.30
 5.01
 6.65

 3.52
 2.85
 2.01
 3.55
 0.74?
 1.45
 4.08
0.35
1.47
0.52
2.55
July.
1.70
2.68
0.92
4.04
2.38 ! 4.92
6.69?; 7.S7'
4.42 ! 5.83
4.80  4.40
3.77 10.43
1.62  3.54
Aug.
 0.72
 1.60
 1.32
 0.81
 2.00
 0.60
 1.56
 0.56
 1.55
 2.75
29.35
18.11
25.58
 9.09
 3.54
 4.51
 2.00

 1.86
 2.05
 0.90
 2.29
 2.45
 1.60

 3.19
 3.60
 1.30
 6.23
 3.94
 8.72
 7.59
 0.13?
 2.71
 2.74
 2.63
 8.71
 3.80
 3.88
 5.79
10.83
 7.23
 2.50
 2.33
 6.85
 4.12
 4.52
 3.80
12.64
10.72

11.18
 5.38
 4.48
 2.75
 0.76

 6.90
 4.15
 4.40
 3.56
 3.27
 4.85
 1.65
 0.52
5.95  3.21
 4.90
 3.58
 5.18
 4.70
 5.34
10.04
 5.23
 5.50
 7.87
 3.05

 1.56
 6.56
 2.63
 4.42
 4.70
 5.30
 1.93
 2.20
 4.47
13.50
 5.02
10.38
 4.67
 2.39
 2.95
 8.95
 3.61

 4.93
 0.49
 0.95
 2.58
 4 72

 7.08
 4.95
 2.20
 7.81
 3.19
 2.64
 2.57
 4.90

 5.01
Sept.
 8.21
 3.90
 3.25
 7.48
 3.75
 5.49
 3.95
 7.56

 3.55
 2.34
 3.01
 1.80
 2.40
 4.57
 1.11
 8.10
 3.15
17.50
 4.39
22.10
 4.36
 2.12
12.25
11.09
 6.83
6.11
4.23
3.20
1.35

4.20
3.60
8.10
5.01
2.61
3.31
2.14
3.23
Oct.
 2.73
 3.90
 3.85
 2.47

 1.31
 2.04

 2.84
 4.40

 0.80
 4.05
 2.46
10.00
 1.69
 1.49
 1.70
 0.81

 8.44
1.35
3.40
3.50
0.73
1.13

1.10
1.10
2.50
1.73
2.16
0.95
0.01
0.60
Nov.
1.47  0.52
5.60
5.87
2.IS
2.90
3.50

5.25
4.89

3.41
1.03
0.79
2.90
0.78

2.70
1.97
0.80
1.85
1.30

2.40
0.85
2.80
0.93
1.77
1.18
0.56
1.51
Dec.
1.16
1.04
2.26
1.43

1.17
2.10
 2.80

 1.90
 2.39

 0.78
 0.89
 3.55
 7.38
 1.67
 1.25
13.09
5.00
1.27
1.43
0.76
0.70

1.23
0.35
1.40
2.87
0.74
0.63
1.11
1.84
Spring.	Summer.
9.70	6.95
13.45	7.73
10.48	6.62
10.24	11.29
22.69	12.64
2.07  0.76
27.05?
16.59
11.15
17.06
11.92
 5.94
 9.64
 8.54
 7.46
11.88
10.10
13.26
 5.96
 6.£9
 3.50
12.15

 6.51
 4.40
 1.17
 9.33
28.38?

12.06
 9.79
17.96
 9.44
 7.10
11.23

 7.90
 7.43
 9.69
 6.52
 1.95
 3.82
 4.83

 10.07
 5.90
24.60!
15.48
14.70
22.12
 8.21

 5.87
10.62
 6.07
15.13
 8.60
10.74
 8.28
14.63
14.45
45.35
25.46
42.31
17.88
10.45
11.26
23.59
18.16
 6.77
 7.72
 7.78
 7.08

17.17
12.70
 7.90
17.60
10.40
15.71
11.81
14.17
11.16
10.19
16.19
13.40
15.40

 7.04
 7.28
10.30

 7.16
17.04

41.00
 7.16
24.47
 8.96
 8.21

22.23
11.48
 S.58
 5.78
 3.78

 7.70
 5.55
13.40
 7.67
 6.54
 5.44
 2.71
 5.34

 4.06 
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
521
MONTHLY  SUMMARIES  OF AMOUNT OF RAIN, 1853.
Fort Riley.............
Foi't Kearney.........
Fort Laramie.........
Fort Atkinson.........
Fort Arbuckle.........
Fort Worth...........
Fort Belknap .........
Phantom Hill.........
Fort Chadbou4-ne......
Fort Graham..........
Fo4-t Croghan ........
Fort McKavett........
Fort Mason.........
Fort Terrett...........
Fort Merrill...........
Fort Ewell............
Fort Brown...........
Ringgold Barracks ....
Fort Mcintosh.......
Fort Inge.............
Fort Duncan..........
Fort Clarke..........
Fort Fillmore.........
Fort Webster..........
Fort Conrad..........
Albuquerque..........
Santa Fe..............
Fort Union............
Fort Massachusetts.. ..
Fort Defiance.........
Fort Yuma............
San Diego.............
Rancho de Jurupa.....
Fort Miller............
San Francisco.........
Benicia...............
Fort Reading.........
Fort Jones............
Fort Orford..j.........
Columbia Barracks____
Dalles of the Columbia
Fort Steilacoom.......
0.00
0.03
0.04
0.49
1.60
0.06
0.52
  •
0.70
1.83
1.97
1.75
1.04
0.80
Feb. ! Mar.  April.  May.  June.
1.30
0.00
0.70
0.30
2.16
0.13
0.88
0.04
0.40
0.23
0.00
0.00
0.19
0.22
0.40
0.00
0.0-
0.57
0.49
l.SS
3.30
1.33
1.30
1.25
3.61
6.52
2.94
2.01
1.54

6.60
1.60
2.33
1.99
3.58
1.30
1.18
0.10
0.50
0.39
0.00
0.69
0.08
0.76
0.08
0.00
July.   Aug. I Sept.
0.50 | 0.20
0.25  0.67
1.20
3.75
2.48
4.66
2.35
1.17
0.44
3.18
 3.78   1.38
,11.31 ,  6.65
 9.30 ;  4.21
 3.02   1.09
I S.14   3.24
0.08
1.73
0.96
0.32
3.33
0.96
0.54
1.61
4.43
3.07
1.52
1.52
1.15

1.05
0.00
0.09
0.06
1.51
0.01
0.65
0.03
0.00
0.33
0.01?
0.50
0.77
0.94
1.29
0.01
1.52
3.15
5.54
3.72
2.66
7.11
3.39
6.45
2.47
0.27
2.62
6.10  8.46
4.53 .12.19
3.38	9.34
1.04	5 31
4.18	5.94
2.03	6.19
0.45 | 2.S5	
0.80	6.48
2.00
2.28
2.00
2.89
0.86

2.25
2.20
3.79
4.32
2.42
2.10
2.50
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.32
0.39
0.10
0.00
0.25
0.33
2.25
5.27
3.12
4.57
1.02
3.35
3.73
2 2j
1.21
2.80

3.35
0.10
8.91
1.57
3.23
0.75
1.16
0.05
1.05
0.35
0.04
0.98
0.91
1.49
1.44
0.00
2.10
1.14
4.79
0.42
0.36
0.73
1.17
6.11  1
1.72
1.29
1.57
2.33
0.62
2.08
 2.47
 4.95
 4.35
 4.57
 3.60
 2.74
 2.90
 5.48
 2.00
 2.52
 5.49
 7.58
 6.00

 9.65
 1.70
 1.45
 2.43
 9.00
10.70
10.21
 0.28
 1.08
 0.74
 0.00
 1.88
 0.11
 1.11
 0.43
 0.00
 0.05
 0.00
 0.00
 0.00
 0.00
 0.00
 0.41

 0.90
 0.00
 3.09
8.28	2.21
1.86	0.55
	0.50
3.27	1.30
5.72	0.60
2.27	0.12
1.15	0.03
2.80	0.85
2.08	0.32
5.59	0.20
4.03	1.65
6.48	1.69
3.68	1.83
	5.75
2.22	1.65
0.00	3.10
0.15	4.34
4.51	2.22
4.97	1.59
5.28	2.15
3.87	2.75
2.80	1.83
2.55	1.21
2.7S	1.20
2.57	3.80
7.45	5.42
4.19	3.42
3.04	1.48
1.43	4.65
0.25	0.69
0.00	0.21
0.00	0.18
0.01	0.00
0.00	0.00
0.00	0.00
0.00	0.24
0.13	
0.30	0.39
0.08	0.61
0.33	1.19
0.94
Oct.   Nov. I Dec.  Spring. Summer. Autumn. Winter.   Year.
....   2.71 ,  0.55
0.26 : 1.00 !  0.08
2.SO  0.63   0.03 , 0.71
3.16  3.32
0.23
1.76
1.14
0.10
5.86
5.25
8.00
2.32
4.24
1.20
4.05
0.13
1.21
1.26
2.01
2.87
3.07
4.50
3.12
3.32
7.75
2.40
0.21
6.76
4.10
4.00
0.90
0.40
1.03
0.23
0.97
1.75
1.87
0.19 I 2.67
0.12
0.04
1.40
0.83
1.30
0.19
0.01
0.15
0.05
0.21
1.15
1.53
1.18
1.S7
0.65
0.91
0.92
1.02
2.69
1.60
0.64
0.53 ) 0.00
0.07 j 0.00
2.68 I 0.97
1.59
1.25
2.64
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.23
0.00
0.02
2.00
1.41
4.99
1.29

0.94
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.28
0.04
0.02
0.43
0.24
6.93
0.26 ! 0.08
0.59 ; 0.67
0.31 j 0.30
0.43 J 0.77
6.38 i 0.18
     I
0.22 I 0.25
0.18 | 0.51
1.28  1.77
0.44  2.04
1.26	1.00
2.00	1.86
1.71	0.99
2.52	1.18
4.47	1.19
11.57	3.22
4.90	0.95
18.41	4.42
14.64
18.50
13.63
 6.67
13.50
 9.18
 3.84
 8.89
 9.83
 9.13
 5.77
 5.62
 4.81

 6.65
 2.30
 7.79
 5.95
 7.21
 2.86
 4.31
 0.09
 1.05
 0.73
 0.05
 1.4S
 2.00
 2.82
 2.83
 0.01
 8.87
 4.62
12.58
 9.41
 6.14
12.41
 5.53
14.45
 6.52
 2.18
 6.27
12.96
 7.36

 9.14
 9.92
 5.13
 4.08
 9.13
 4.40
 8.31
11.17
15.75
11.51

13.52
 4.80
 5.94
 9.16
15.56
18.13
16.83
 4.91
 4.84
 4.72
 6.37
14.75
 7.72
 5.63
 6.51
 0.94
 0.26
 0.18
 0.01
 0.00
 0.00
 0.24
1.59
0.69
4.61
7.69
2.52
4.82
 4.33
 4.64
10.38
 9.40
17.05
 4.91
 4.46
 8.11
 8.20
 4.34
 3.26
 1.92
 1.12
 0.38
 4.08
 3.26

 3.80
 0.31
 1.23
 0.44
 1.26
 2.51
 1.75
 2.56
17.23
 6.55
30.33
0.10   29.90
1.36 i  30.73
3.34
3.14
3.69
4.62
3.87

9.77
2.25
3.94
3.21
6.76
4.12
3.66
0.78
0.98
1.29
0.30
1.46
0.45

0.73
0.52
2.47
2.96
4.55
6.73
25.14
14.13
27.46
39.34
26.40
22.58
22.78
37.64
33.81
29.14
 9.04
 8.79
 7.86
 7.10
21.77
13.43

13.87
 1.7S
 7.8S
 8.20
18.40
1S.7U
3.91	11.80
9.02	24.23
6.35	
16.73	42.07
5.06	14.43
15.80	57.01
66 
^22
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
SUMMARY OF WEATHER
		WEATHER.						WINDS.				
STATIONS.		DAYS.						DAYS.				
	Fair.	Cloudy.	Ruin.	Snow.	N.	N.E.	E.	S. E. "	s.	s. w.	w.	N. W.
	7d	165	69	14	18	18	21	6	38	34	13	83
Fort Preble («).......	121	122	71	23	66	15	5	16	25	30	19	59
Fort Constitution (&).	123	150	66	18	29	18	24	14	18	46	53	62
Fort Independence...	197	157	81	21	32	64	13	31	5	62	45	52
Fort Adams (a)......	153	120	68	10	74	15	20	12	82	16	34	16
Fort Trumbull (a)____	129	144	86	15	1	67	1	32	3	71	10	91
	211	154	105	14	38	46	11	34	28	64	26	108
	233	132	83	13	26	56	14	37	23	79	46	66
West Point..........	215 234	151 131	109 92	28 26	105 28	7 8	4 1	27 17	97 86	20 31	12 112	71 47
Watervliet Arsenal..												
	200	165	75	33	31	35	37	14	56	38	96	41
Alleghany Arsenal...	172	193	109	31	43	41	18	12	33	52	40	33
	205	160	83	11	77	41	13	26	18'	39	65	46
Fort Washington (6).	142	131	100	3	28	17	8	22	42	50	26	54
	203 243	162 122	99 80	5 1	19 59	71 75	18 26	29 46	24 34	103 70	13 29	59 28
												
	225	79	96	0	17	46	69	34	18	24	37	17
	267 253	98 112	68 93	0 0	59 96	46 52	34 89	59 45	83 31	8 12	43 9	23 17
Key West Barracks ..												
	258 241 213 256	107 124 152 109	111 87 119 86	0 0 0 2	43 12 54 52	46 76 56 76	60 70 83 28	28 45 38 61	26 35 32 33	23 32 23 18	49 26 46 18	29 43 16 59
												
Fort Meade.........												
Mt. Vernon Arsenal..												
	184	121	85	1	50	32	81	25	28	22	39	23
	192	173	87	4	79	48	114	25	52	2	8	7
	166	199	68	9	54	16	62	41	124	25	29	11
Fort Smith..........	220 204 237	145 161 128	64 79 55	3 8 0	19 62 20	32 15 17	81 12 42	25 48 21	28 91 127	22 6 27	39 4 80	23 14 16
Fort Gibson.........												
Jefferson Barracks. ..												
St. Louis Arsenal....	229	136	51	8	55	23	39	11	46	40	50	22
Newport Barracks...	200	165	81	9	35	38	21	39	91	70	20	39
Fort Mackinac.......	172	193	67	32	34	23	21	44	43	27	75	78
	195	170	74	71	29	16	53	19	46	41	49	17
	217	148	58	32	37	51	9	44	68	48	37	41
	250	115	59	29	26	41	15	63	43	63	26	49
Fort RidgelyO).....	83	101	37	14	28	15	28	28	77	19	25	46
Fort Dodge (/)......	74	77	28	15	22	19	14	12	4	14	9	46
Fort Leavenworth....	210	155	60	11	5	33	7	45	17	101	26	101
	230	135	55	18	32	15	28	28	77	24	25	46
	217	148	57	24	48	38	26	8	2	6	29	63
Fort Atkinson (6)....	218	35	21 j	1	29	24	26	55	24	28	10	22
	298	67	68	4	66	24	19	49	106	44	8	16
	124	119	59	3	46	21	14	68	52	9	8	20
	261	104	52	4	53	21	11	58	7.3	20	13	15
	266	99	44	6	39 !	25	33	33	142	41	36	11
 
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.                           .       523
OBSERVATIONS FOR 1853.
WINDS.
No. of observations and sum of force.
s.w.	w.	
71	140	70	190	84	146	25	62	153	370	136	320	52	95	331	695
264	736	59	155	22	58	63	163	99	267	119	316	77	197	239	578
117	242	71	203	96	270	57	152	74	199	182	388	211	512	247	645
129	407	258	910	53	138	124	322	18	33	247	701	181	566	209	701
296	1075	59	251	82	293	47	170	329	976	62	187	135	381	65	254
5	7	267	652	6	9	» 128	223	10	17	285	462	40	59	365	740
154	207	184	255	43	50	134	195	112	138	255	393	104	175	433	906
106	179	226	442	54	87	142	238	93	182	318	699	183	370	266	590
420	1382	26	71	17	35	107	275	389	993	79	157	47	111	283	1001
114	334	31	76	6	13	67	178	346	985	124	330	447	1206	188	563
122	347	142	304	148	259	58	90	224	429	152	289	386	844	163	461
173	276	165	266	72	97	48	74	131	327	208	558	162	482	133	355
307	588	166	375	52	99	103	235	74	158	155	372	262	519	186	514
112	268	70	120	33	53	88	170	168	305	202	413	105	211	217	545
78	234	233	706	73	158	116	243	■94	198	412	1005	52	132	235	587
235	606	300	801	106	215	182	459	136	400	281	759	116	261	114	264
66	234	183	574	278	677	136	362	73	136	97	203	149	286	68	213
235	413	183	486	136	383	237	588	332	495	31	74	173	217	91	238
335	1484	210	698	357	1216	181	520	123	363	46	137	37	140	67	258
174	249	183	438	242	506	112	233	102	207	91	205	194	471	117	322
47	76	302	586	280	480	179	363	140	273	127	309	102	191	173	358
215	310	225	311	331	445	154	197	127	163	93	131	184	241	62	114
209	418	305	473	113	169	244	388	133	207	73	132	74	133	238	516
200	379	127	213	323	507	99	165	111	191	90	173	156	295	91	180
316	620	191	291	458	804	101	193	210	465	9	21	33	69	28	33
218	676	66	191	250	694	162	487	495	1488	100	303	116	261	45	155
75	132	127	213	323	507	99	165	111	191	90	173	156	295	91	180
247	382	61	87	47	68	193	294	364	636	26	35	15	28	58	101
79	172	68	261	170	293	83	181	510	978	108	312	322	599	58	160
221	472	92	182	158	280	46	66	186	330	160	371	201	453	86	223
141	449	152	397	82	183	157	274	363	586	279	626	81	256	158	495
137	332	71	218	86	265	175	583	172	380	107	364	302	808	311	986
117	412	63	161	214	482	78	180	185	427	165	466	197	617	68	235
149	354	206	557	36	75	177	478	272	547	191	478	150	435	165	460
103	229	164	292	62	126	251	522	172	352	253	564	106	277	195	566
112	317	61	164	114	210	113	288	308	768	76	203	100	180	185	488
87	208	77	154	56	209	47	139	17	56	56	195	37	88	183	526
20	46	133	202	27	50	182	*308	70	149	405	748	103	185	406	j 636
129	368	61	164	114	210	113	288	308	768	96	203	100	180	185	488
193	356	151	366	105	342	32	107	8	28	22	77	118	511	252	850
116	357	96	236	104	244	221	584	98	206	113	256	41	97	87	262
266	328	97	104	76	108	197	279	423	604	175	250	32	39	63	71
186	426	84	191	56	104	273	787	210	798	34	35	32	81	80	190
212	432	82	168	44	65	234	560	292	479	80	163	52	i ^	61	159
156	1 402	101	227	133	301	133	311	569	1742	163	447	142	I 254	44	65
 
524
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
SUMMARY OF WEATHER
STATIONS.
Fort Chadbourne....
Fort Graham (a)....
Fort Croghan (a)....
Fort McKavett (a)..
Fort Mason (fr).....
Fort Terrett........
Fort Merrill (A).....
Fort Ewell (i)......
Fort Brown........
Ringgold Barracks..
Fort Mcintosh......
Fort Inge..........
Fort Duncan.......
Fort Clarke........
Fort Fillmore.......
Fort Webster (fc) ...
Fort Conrad........
Albuquerque........
Santa Fe...........
Fort Union.........
Fort Massachusetts (6)
Fort Defiance (»')..,
Fort Yuma........
San Diego........
Fort Jurupa.......
Fort Miller........
San Francisco.....
Benicia...........
Fort Reading......
Fort Jones (I)......
Fort Orford (/)___
Columbia Barracks.
Dalles  of Columbia
Fort Steilacoom ...
WINDS.
DAYS.
 246
 150
 126
 170
 217
 262
 95
 229
 230
 183
 238
 251
 274
 173
 332
 335
 309
 307
 307
 291
 210
 297
 297
 266
 308
 317
 184
 228
276
 181
 53
 124
237
 162
Cloudy.
 119
  93
 117
  73
 117
 103
  58
 105
 135
 182
 127
 114
  91
 192
  33
  10
  56
  58
  58
  74
  62
  35
  68
  99
  57
  48
176
137
 89
123
 98
241
128
203
62
42
53
39
59
55
34
69
49
85
68
59
54
52
41
75
23
31
21
28
 3
19
26
13
41
12
18
32
43
10
26	5	41
41	6	48
26	4	18
53	14	44
55	18	91
41	17	66
46	13	25
19	0	69
32	0	3
25	0	6
32	0	9
64	0	19
49	0	6
63	0	46
51	14	25
71	1	36
110	3	32
59	11	8
131	3	16
 24
 26
 24
 11
 17
 31
 15
 23
 37
 28
 54
 67
 18
 9
 24
 9
 60
 18
 46
 51
 3
 15
29
31
58
17
22
12
 3
 2
 6
10
15
 6
  7
 21
 17
 10
 14
 62
  8
 27
 68
 28
 16
157
155
 30
 17
  4
 22
 60
 26
 13
  9
  7
 11
 69
 15
 97
  9
 28
  4
 12
  1
 82
 30
 19
 20
 55
 74
 52
 39
ISO
 27
107
 87
110
209
 58
 84
165
 35
  6
 12
 19
 17
 20
 15
 13
 31
 36
 15
 61
 17
  9
  5
  7
 63
 43
 12
 47
s. w.
127
 55
 45
109
105
  1
 18
 18
 39
114
  3
  1
  9
 55
 35
 14
 37
 65
 19
 18
 52
 19
 45
 47
  1
 24
 18
 13
 49
 34
  3
 12
 22
 76
  15
  21
  22
   9
  40
   9
   6
  10
  56
   2
   5
   2
   9
   4
  64
  34
  49
   4
  21
  37
  56
  97
 32
 90
197
 22
 78
 22
  7
 11
  1
  8
140
 96
  13
  14
   9
  10
  10
  36
  11
   5
  22
   5
   3
   4
   4
  13
  16
  92
  81
  85
  51
  36
  33
  73
  51
  70
  19
  64
110
236
  4
 34
  1
 80
104
 47
(a) First eight months.
(6) First nine months.
(c) First ten months.
(d) Except September and November.
(e) Last six months.
(/) First five months.
(g) December excepted.
(h) Last five months.
(i)  January not observed.
(fc) Twenty days of December not observed.
(I)  Winds for first seven months ; weather for ten months,
        omitting August and September. 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
525
OBSERVATIONS FOR 1853.
								WINDS.			\v.	--- -			
						No. of observafons and sum of fo				rce. S.					
N		N.	E.	E.		S.	E.	S				V	r.	N. w.	
301	393	97	136	30	40	81	112	508	583	61	82	53	87	71	112
90	214	105	214	84	174	222	469	219	501	86	251	54	119	39	86
126	464	95	286	67	170	295	902	180	521	88	250	36	101	42	119
85	180	42	57	39	48	208	373	437	1004	36	57	42	53	67	142
113	360	69	150	55	117	159	350	421	1175	159	443	40	90	104	288
10	28	124	209	247	346	759	1337	4	5	37	47	144	283	69	130
76	131	61	116	32	63	110	210	71	134	25	41	44	50	26	51
106	219	91	209	107	191	430	922	74	202	42	127	20	36	34	70
52	117	147	333	272	609	348	849	157	392	225	513	88	210	124	305
165	411	111	235	111	234	439	1064	454	924	10	10	19	23	77	156
48	102	217	370	64	97	837	1600	13	19	21	28	14	18	168	336
71	125	269	449	630	1347	234	• 493	6	9	8	13	14	51	95	• i-j-J
130	404	71	157	620	1397	334	988	34	85	37	97	18	30	132	337
174	469	38	98	122	260	662	1641	219	496	17	33	53	91	84	195
40	128	98	310	69	153	139	364	141	322	255	733	65	213	98	330
166	260	35	54	18	29	25	42	54	96	135	223	367	567	536	939
192	394	239	717	89	175	49	85	150	351	195	551	326	612	112	186
71	127	72	157	241	392	77	122	262	334	18	36	340	595	28	54
174	313	186	440	103	227	69	179	78	152	84	161	204	397	181	411
365	511	202	325	52	98	79	167	73	133	149	404	146	363	271	694
265	827	13	39	38	110	60	179	209	651	224	553	133	350	140	447
101	174	61	101	29	64	52	86	74	152	390	820	291	613	185	327
278	559	118	175	46	65	122	318	182	532	129	296	204	476	314	874
10	10	124	131	275	305	143	163	190	245	360	707	281	440	48	60
23	79	231	364	59	96	59	94	4	7	788	1566	75	110	187	530
35	53	58	80	387	615	246	444	95	173	90	159	256	411	77	147
74	223	88	238	36	78	68	190	72	257	312	1007	440	1433	303	1112
22	43	48	82	111	274	38	86	52	132	89	263	944	3444	5	11
184	324	10	11	16.	20	20	29	196	337	30	41	18	30	41	59
98	143	7	8	49	73	29	56	134	240	44	74	135	284	85	128
145	232	23	35	4	5	251	823	13	39	6	9	3	5	118	272
127	273	39	73	327	764	172	388	48	96	31	63	319	663	242	473
33	66	60	94	119	194	46	66	89	131	560	909	418	902	102	270
63	213	26	78	76	144	189	400	306	817	384	1153	190	549	145	392
 
520
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF JANUARY, 1854.
STATIONS.
Fort Independence.....
Fort Hamilton........
Fort Columbus.........
West Point...........
Watervliet Arsenal
Fort Niagara.........
Alleghany Arsenal
Fort Delaware.......
Fort McHenry........
Fort Monroe..........
Fort Moultrie.........
Fort Pierce...........
Key West Barracks...
Fort Myers..........
Fort Brooke..........
Fort Meade..........
Fort Barrancas.......
Mount Vernon Arsenal
Baton Rouge Barracks
Fort Towson.........
Fort Washita.........
Fort Smith...........
Fort Gibson..........
Jefferson  Barracks.....
St. Louis Arsenal.....
Newport Barracks.....
Fort Mackinac.......
Fort Brady..........
Fort Snelling.........
Fort Ripley..........
Fort Ridgely.........
Fort Leavenworth.....
Fort Riley...........
Fort Kearney.........
Fort Laramie.........
Fort Arbuckle........
Fort Belknap.........
Phantom Hill.........
Fort Chadbourne......
 Fort McKavett.......
Fort Merrill..........
Fort Ewell...........
 Fort Brown..........
 Ringgold Barracks....
 Fort Mcintosh........
 Fort Inge............
 Fort Duncan.........
TIIKUMOMETEK
Mean Temperature.
S. R.
9 A. M.   3P.M.   9 P. M.
28.00
26.38
24.70
17.83
23.42
24.00
28.90
28.51
38.39
46.77
63.80
69.16
60.87
56.83
57.65
49.03
46.00
47.48
30.40
29.48
28.77
26.80
23.70
 18.68
 28.54
  9.80
  5.27
—4.77
—8.93
  0.22
 17.06
 16.77
  9.19
 18.61
 27.80
 31.96
 30.09
 32.12
 35.03
 45.50
 41.32
 52.77
 47.38
 42.80
 36.32
 39.22
24.80
31.38
28.45
28.16
21.66
24.52
27.87
32.87
33.09
42.26
50.77
63.64
71.71
66.22
62.19
62.06
54.58
49.51
50.91
32.02
33.70
30.41
32.55
28.06
25.51
30.22
 13.00
 13.77
—1.74
—6.06
  5.87
 22.06
 23.59
 15.45
 20.38
 34.58
 38.61
 37.83
 35.16
 42.71
 55.26
 51.35
 59.74
 53.35
 52.32
 46.03
 48.29
29.29
35.83
31.77
31.25
24.96
27.58
34.77
36.65
39.61
44.52
56.58
73.58
74.22
75.16
71.16
71.74
62.48
60.25
62.67
45.05
45.74
41.93
42.13
33.51
32.84
35.80
16.90
15.61
  9.22
  8.29
11.70
34.09
34.62
33.45
29.09
 46.90
 52.87
 54.35
 45.06
 52.87
 64.25
 62.70
 65.51
 65.12
 63.54
 62.32
 64.26
Max.  Min.
Above
mean.
Below
mean.
 25.54
 20.74
 28.25
 27.90
 23.00
 24.62
 29.67
 31.10
 33.25
 40.70
 49.19
 65.64
 71.90
 68.00
 61.58
 63.55
 52.77
 51.13
 52.67
 36.02
 38.16
 34.58
 33.42
 28.64
 24.87
 32.45
 12.64
  9.50
  1.48
 —1.70
  4.93
 25.48
 23.72
 14.93
 22.32
 35.35
 40.61
 39.48
 42.58
 40.97
 54.22
 46.51
 59.35
 57.03
 52.41
 44.29
 49.22
Mercury fr
25.52	49 ■	"2 i
31.49	50	12
28.71	50	11
28.00	51	4
21.86	48	-10
25.04	48	6
29.08	64	5
32.38	54	15
33.61	61	14
41.47	60	24
50.83	70	31
67.91	83	40
71.75	80	58
67.56	84	47
62.94	80	40
63.75	81	40
54.71	76	30
51.52	76	25
53.43	81	20
36.32	70	5
36.76	71	4
33.92	68	5
33.72	69	1
28.48	65	— 3
25.47	60	— 3
31.75	54	— 1
13.09	34	—15
11.02	39	—27
1.30	45	—36
—2.10	48	—50*
5.68	45	-24
24.68	67	— 8
24.67	62	—10
18.26	70	—16
22.60	61	—21
36.16	71	— 1
41.00	77	7
40.44	74	— 2
38.73	60	6
42.89	65	11
54.88	96	22
50.47	86	19
59.34	80	30 *
55.72	87	29
53.02	82	24
47.24	78	20
50.25	73	20
ozen in the	: therm o	meter.
2.35
18.5
21.3
23.0
26.1
23.0
34.9
21.6
27.4
18.5
19.2
15.1
 8.3
16.4
17.1
17.3
11.3
24.5
27.6
33.7
34.2
34.1
35.3
36.5
34.5
22.2
10.9
28.0
43.7
50.1
39.3
32.3
37.3
51.7
38.4
34.8
36.0
33.5
 21.3
 22.1
 41.1
 35.5
 20.7
 31.3
 29.0
 30.7
 22.7
2.75
19.5
17.7
24.0
31.9
19.0
24.1
17.4
19.6
17.5
19.8
27.9
13.7
20.6
22.9
23.7
24.7
26.5
33.4
31.3
32.8
28.9
32.7
31.5
28.5
32.8
28.1
38.0
37.3
47.9
29 '.1
32.7
34.7
34.3
43.6
37.2
34.0
42.5
32.7
 31.9
 32.9
 31.5
 29.3
 26.7
 29.0
 27.3
 30.3 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
527
								MONTH OF				JANUARY, 1854.							SNOW.	
				WINDS.						WEATHER.							RAIN AND			
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky.					Days. , Days.				~3 .5 s 1	REMARKS.
S. E. S.				S. W.		w		N. W.		S. R. !9A.M.		3 P. M.	9 P. M. Mean. •'=			>> ■o 3 o	0	ts		
													i 'Z			s	«	TJl	«!	
3	8	2	4	18	39	20	43	38	95	1 3.74 3.77		4.09	3.74 3.83		15	16	3	8	2.50	
0	0	0	0	42	50	1	1	69	114	4.51 4.90		4.45	4.54	4.60	14 17 6			5	3.05	
9	15	6	8	34	76	19	47	41	122	4.16 4.12		3.83	4.87	4.24	14	17	5	4	2.60	
7	18	38	91	11	32	4	16	25	118	4.32	4.41	4.83	5.64	4.80	15	16	4	7	3.52	
7	20	30	104	11	29	7	22	15	59	9.60	6.66	6.81	6.66	7.43	17	14	3	5	3.50	Clearness inaccurate
16	23	16	20	37	78	15	21	12	56	0.42	0.84	0.58	0.10	0.50	5	26	4	10	1.63	tc '<
8	17 j	23	50	24	77	18	81	7	22	4.00	4.25	4.09	3.48	3.96	13	18	7	6	2.23	
4	10	2	2	25	48	1	1	38	97	3.00	4.90	5.10	3.60	4.15	15	16	9	2	2.30	
3	10	6	16	4	11	31	67	9	16	3.80	3.41	3.90	4.45	3.90	13	18	8	1	4.40	
2	8 j 9		22	23	51	17	30	29	91	4.77 i 5.58		5.09	5.61	5.26	14	17	9	2	4.00	
3	4 | 11		42	26	75	9	27	16	52	4.06	4.00	4.84	5.58	4.62	16	15	12	0	3.80	
30	85	5	10	20	66	2	4	15	45	1.58	2.38	2.64	4.70	2.82	10	21	12	0	3.55	
8	23	9	29	1	2	0	0	3	10	4.84	5.03	5.19	7.03	5.52	20	11	5	0	1.77	
12	26	8	24	8	18	5	6	7	21	4.87	4.69	5.38	8.00	5.74	17	14	4	0	1.15	
17	42	3	6	26	72	0	0	18	49	2.96	3.83	4.51	6.19	4.37	13	18	5	0	3.83	
9	19	3	8	3	8	12	35	8	16	1.58 2.55		3.87	5.55	3.39	11	20	10	0	1.30	
15	28	8	21	11	24	6	12	22	54	0.93	2.80	3.09	2.61	2.36	8	23	6	0	3.45	
27	50	11	30	11	29	3	7	16	46	3.38	4.51	4.83	5.45	4.54	12	19	11	0	11.01	
10	23	8	16	10	26	16	44	4	11	2.38	2.38	2.22	3.25	2.56	8	23	5	0	2.85	
0	0	10	24	0	0	3	4	2	3	3.00	3.10	3.70	6.00	3.95	13	18	3	3	1.01	
14	38	30	109	14	49	13	27	6	28	2.32	2.90	3.54	5.58	3.59	11	20	2	2	0.01*	
18	34	1	1	12	31	16	37	15	42	4.93	4.38	4.31	4.38	5.00	15	16	2	5	1.37	
13	13 j 26		69	5	8	0	0	3	3	4.16 4.18		4.00	5.71	4.50	16	15	3	3	0.30	
4	9 ; 46		94	3	13	16	36	4	16	2.12 ; 3.06		3.80	5.51	3.62	14	17	2	2*	1.90	
3	3	12	22	16	32	14	23	25	65	8.80	8.63	8.42	2.92	7.21	18	13	1	o	0.65	Therm, protected.
0	0	48	102	7	16	36	134	0	0	1.58	2.45	2.54	3.70	2.57	10	21	2	3	3.20	
15	51	18	21	0	0	1	3	64	244	3.45	3.74	3.41	3.09	3.42	12	19	0	12	2.59	
10	22	8	20	17	69	4	17	2	9	3.13	3.50	2.50	2.19	2.83	12	19	0	13	2.49	
23	48	9	17	40	82	17	54	16	41	5.80	5.48	6.19	6.16	5.91	19	12	0	10	0.72	
9	23	33	59	11	19	18	48	14	40	4.90	4.83	4.83	5.25	4.95	17	14	0	12	0.67	
|19	39	6	12	15	46	33	120	25	137	3.48	3.19	3.51	4.80	3.74	13	18	0	11	1.20	
19	37	0	0	27	63	11	20	50	139	3.51	4.09	4.58	5.00	4.29	14	17	1	3	0.04	
6	12	22	37	13	30	24	51	7	31	6.22	5.93	6.03	6.06	6.06	18	13	0	2	0.00	
1	3	6	13	14	32	22	49	14	41	5.12	5.74	5.29	6.61	5.69	22	0	0	4	0.23	
0	0	0	0	0	0	69	300	4	6	7.64	8.87	9.06	3.00	7.14	26	5	0	8	0.18	
12	13	18	31	24	45	8	14	10	11	6.77	7.35	8.32	7.70	7.54	23	8	1	1	0.01*	
41	120	10	39	18	58	3	6	6	19	3.38	4.64	5.03	6.74	4.94 ; 17		14	0	3	0.11	
1	1	59	102	9	14	4	5	8	9	5.58	6.29	7.35	7.61	6.71	23	8	0	0	0.00	
8	9	0	0	7	10	0	0	16	26	5.03	6.19	7.25	8.70	6.79	23	8	2*	0	0.00	* " Heavy mist."
6	16	36	93	16	34	15	50	4	11	4.55	5.29	5.74	6.68	5.56	21	10	2f	0	0.01	f Slight rain, not
0	0	36	62	4	4	36	49	4	11	2.42 5.30		5.68	5.26	4.66	17	14	2	0	0.11	[measured
4	6	10	23	0	0	4	5	4	8	4.22	4.90	6.87	6.03	5.51	14	14	2	0	0.22	
10	24	8	18	36	89	5	7	38	90	4.51	3.96	4.03	5.96	4.61	16	15	2	0	0.45	
30	58	8	14	9	9	9	11	9	19	3.35	3.93	4.54	4.22	4.01	15	16	4	0	0.70	
22	38	24	45	1	2	2	2	11	33	5.74	4.67	6.19	5.80	5.10	18	13	2	0	0.05	
8	13	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	5	4.35	4.74	6.22	6.80	5.53	21	10	1	0	0.20	
58	122	0	0	3	1 4	1	1	56	139	2.55 1 3.84		5.74	6.16	4.57	17	14 2		0	0.05	
									*	Rain an	d snow v	ei'y light	; no me	asureme	it,					
 
528
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER
MONTH  OF  JANUARY, 1854.
STATION'S.
Fort Clarke.........,
Fort Fillmore........
Fort Thome........
Fort Conrad.........
Albuquerque ........
Santa Fe............
Fort Union..........
Cantonment Burgoine
Fort Defiance........
Fort Yuma..........
San Diego..........
Fort Jurupa.........
Fort Miller..........
San  Francisco.......
Benicia Barracks.....
Fort Reading........
Fort Humboldt......
Fort Jones..........
Fort Dalles.........
Fort Steilacoom......
40.83
33.29
24.24
23.93
25.41
15.93
23.19
11.50
14.77
45.01
42.67
39.09
36.77
42.96
37.19
34.39
35.22
23.75
17.16
24.64
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
9 A. M.
49.09
47.35
42.22
33.51
35.51
28.54
34.19
23.75
21.84
52.29
51.51
52.45
44.74
48.45
40.32
38.30
38.64
28.81
20.67
29.96
60.54
67.64
62.68
52.45
50.90
41.61
42.29
45.50
36.81
64.48
63.96
61.48
51.19
54.22
51.06
48.41
49.54
43.34
29.35
37.80
9 P. M.
43.18
46.19
38.10
37.41
34.00
27.96
29.61
23.20
24.00
54.29
49.48
48.25
41.70
46.09
41.80
38.80
39.93
29.53
20.74
30.03
48.41
48.62
41.81
36.82
36.46
23.51
32.32
26.90
24.35
54.17
51.90
50.32
43.60
47.93
42.59
40.00
40.83
31.36
21.98
30.61
Max.
79
78
75
70
63
52
54
64
49
79
78
79
64
68
66
71
58
49
50
58
 17
 20
  8
  5
  5
- 6
  1
-13
-20
 26
 31
 28
 23
 27
 19
 15
 16
  5
-15
- 1
Above
Mean.
30.6
29.4
33.2
33.2
26.5
23.5
21.7
37.1
24.6
24.8
26.1
28.7
20.4
20.1
23.4
31.0
17.2
17.6
28.0
27.4
Below
Mean.
31.4
28.6
33.8
31.8
31.5
34.5
31.3
39.9
44.4
28.2
20.9
22.3
20.6
20.9
23.6
25.0
24.8
26.4
37.0
31.6
No. of Observations
16
16
22
36
44
15
37
35
15  23
 47 | 12
 35  11
 43 j  5
109 |  8
 71   4
 32 I 22
 59  13
     21
      2
     11
     14
     77
     10
     31
     26
      0
      4
      2
     28
      1
6	lOJ 6
13	43
6	8
23	97
10	31
20	51
10	31
5	8
7	13
16	74
E.		In.
26	12	27
25	0	0
6	0	0
27	4	8
6	4	7
61	6	13
23	2	4
70	0	0
2	2	2
18	0	0
17	31	36
204	6	13
13	46	81
96	9	27
74	27	40
0	0	0
4	9	16
4	0	0
39	0	0
6	42	100
 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
529
MONTH OF JANUARY, 1854.
WINDS.                                  WEATHER.                RAIN AND SNOW.
and sum of force.											Mean clearness		of sky. 9 P.M.		Days.		Dai	19. 'Jl	o 0 a nrT	REMARKS.
S. E.		S.		S. W.		0		N.	w.	S. R.	9 A.M.	3 P. M.		Mean.	i >. ■' ' 3 o £ j 3		.3 as			
49	127	3	8	2 3			0	15	49	3.32	4.41	6.22 6.90		5.21	18 i 13		0	0	0.00	
7	19	1	2	23 I 71		11	36	7	15	9.32	9.35	9.06 9.28		9.25	31 0?		o	0	0.00	
0	0	2 3		2	5	47	118	26	44	9.10	9.06	9.03 9.10		9.07	29 0		i*!	1	0.00	
2	3	12 42		6	39	28	73	23	47	7.09	6.90	6.58 6.58		6.79	24 7		0	0	0.00	
3	4	42 ! 81		6 10		6	15	4	5	7.67	7.19 j 7.06 7.77			7.42	27 ! 4		1	2	0.13	Therm, protected,
10	26	10 25		13	34	13	30	17	45	5.38	7.00	7.29 6.80		6.62	25 6		o	4	0.36	
5	12	3 ] 6		13	48	13	51	37	143	6.38 6.00		5.7!J 6.83		6.23	22 9		0	2	0.07	
14	44	23	66	17	40	0	o	15	42	1.54 : 2.52		1.93	1.61	1.90	4 , 27		0	4		
3	8	20	44	17	44	36	44	28	43	6.87	6.87	6.67	6.90	6.83	25 6		0	8	2.20	
9	20	9	31	1	2	7	24	44	230	5.29	5.09	4.51 1 5.99		5.22	17 i 14		o	0	0.00	
14	15	15	21	19	34	20	38	4	4	5.74	5.74	5.67 6.45		5.90	20 11		6	0	1.46	
0	0	0	0	18	44	0	0	8	32	6.58	6.16	6.29 7.32		6.59	24 . 7		6	0	1.64	
19	28	3	6	4	5	12	13	4	6	7.12	6.96	5.96	7.83	6.97	20	11	8	0	2.26	
9	28	6	13	26	91	11	30	9	29	4.96	4.10	5.70	5.64	5.10	18	13	6	0	3.04	
13	31	0	0	22 69		0	0	0	0	4.58	5.00	5.61	7.09	5.57	18	13	7	0	2.06	
0	0	8 13		0 0		2	o	0	0	4.89	5.13	5.22	5.13	5.09	17	14	5	1	2.90	
3	6	0 0		0 i 0		1	1	9	29	5.16	6.25	7.54	7.35	6.57	20	11	10	2	4.83	
1	5	4 ; 12		0 | 0		1	2	1	3	1.75	1.93	1.93	5.00	2.65	4	11	2	0	0.54	First 15 days.
6	6	5 7		68 1107		5	8	^	3	2.80	3.25	4.80	5.45	4.07	13	18	6	6	2.79	
3	7	29 101		27 il00		1	3	0	0	3.32	3.45	4.74	5.03	4.14	14	17	9	4	8.69	
                       * Slight rain and snow, first two days not observed.
67 
5 :Hi
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER,
MONTH OF FEBRUARY, 1854.
				THERMOMETER.						WINDS.					
STATIONS.	Mean Temperature.					Range.				No. of Observations					
	S. R.	9 A.M. i	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	Max.	Min.	Above mean. 1	Below mean.	N.		N. E.		E.	
Fort Independence.....	21.85 26.82 25.32 22.89 15.85 21.03 28.25 30.10 29.60 40.07 48.00 61.96 69.21 60.03 55.64 55.79 48.11 42.42 48.42 40.86 41.19 39.50 38.64 34.21 31.21 35.21 11.07 4.78 6.75 2.14 11.46 28.17 30.41 20.21 30.96 38.07 40.67 38.71 36.54 44.36 50.80 47.67 52.32 54.53 50.32 47.07 46.25	24.07 30.35 26.82 28.14 18.60 22.90 32.28 33.06 36.67 43.75 53.28 68.64 71.96 68.42 61.85 63.14 55.07 53.82 54.10 47.07 46.77 44.17 44.39 38.17 34.75 39.32 15.60 20.14 14.25 9.17 19.75 34.78 37.11 29.14 33.14 45.71 52.92 49.71 47.42 48.93 61.70" 61.85 66.78 61.73 59.46 57.32 54.39	28.57 35.00 31.64 31.21 22.45 27.35 39.67 39.04 44.10 47.50 59.32 73.32 74.53 75.28 70.42 71.68 63.43 64.40 67.25 60.39 60.60 55.71 55.89 46.67 45.00 44.32 22.85 17.46 24.75 22.42 27.92 45.03 47.91 44.39 44.60 59.57 63.78 64.28 57.78 61.46 66.70 70.78 69.57 71.92 71.32 71.61 68.89	i 25.50 31.64 28.92 27.35 21.28 21.63 33.75 36.02 35.50 43.96 51.78 65.39 72.10 65.82 61.43 62.71 51.61 52.10 56.16 48.82 47.21 48.64 46.60 41.10 35.68 39.57 14.03 9.57 15.85 9.78 18.82 34.14 36.51 27.75 36.37 47.64 51.96 49.03 46.00 51.32 59.50 52.17 61.14 61.28 59.00 56.79 51.14	25.00 30.95 28.17 27.40 19.54 23.23 33.49 34.56 36.47 43.82 53.09 67.33 71.95 67.39 62.36 63.33 54.56 53.18 56.48 49.29 48.94 47.01 46.38 40.04 36.66 39.60 15.89 12.98 15.40 10.88 19.49 35.53 38.00 30.37 36.40 47.75 52.33 50.43 46.94 51.52 59.73 58.12 62.45 62.38 60.02 58.20 56.04	44 48 46 47 38 45 58 60 62 61 68 87 81 84 79 78 76 74 77 73 76 70 75 70 64 60 38 34 45 44 53 48 63 66 62 76 80 82 80 76 88 84 84 83 84 65 32	4 15 14 7 — 4 5 8 19 14 28 30 50 64 47 43 40 32 28 31 18 17 19 12 18 15 20 —10 —28 —20 —26 —17 6 8 2 8 11 14 12 12 24 31 27 40 31 31 27 23	19.0 17.1 17.8 19.6 18.5 21.8 24.5 25.4 25.5 17.2 14.9 19.7 9.1 16.6 16.6 14.7 21.4 20.8 20.5 23.7 27.1 23.0 28.6 30.0 27.3 20.4 22.1 21.0 29.6 33.1 33.5 12.5 25.0 35.6 25.6 28.3 27.7 31.6 33.1 24.5 28.3 25.9 21.5 20.0 24.0 26.8 26.0	21.0 15.9 14.2 20.4 23.5 18.2 25.5 15.6 22.5 15.8 23.1 17.3 7.9 20.4 19.4 23.3 22.6 25.2 25.5 31.3 31.9 28.0 34.4 22.0 21.7 19.6 25.9 41.0 35.4 36.9 36.5 29.5 30.0 28.4 28.4 36.7 38.3 38.4 34.9 27.5 28.7 31.1 22.5 31.4 29.0 31.2 23.0	34 6 2 41 15 10 6 6 25 18 11 6 39 26 1 20 26 17 5 38 9 11 19 10 24 15 25 11 12 24 14 0 1 19 13 20 20 17 3 15 27 8 14 36 7 0 21	93 6 3 189 45 26 10 13 57 41 29 24 162 63 2 46 45 34 15 69 36 24 49 24 54 71 42 30 38 57 42 0 4 61 17 33 62 53 11 55 57 23 29 74 14 0 39	12 18 35 0 3 25 18 22 13 10 31 29 16 14 49 18 13 28 8 1 3 4 2 4 7 1 12 12 5 11 7 7 8 6 1 2 1 0 2 6 1 4 19 9 13 2 21	34 29 89 0 11 44 19 36 42 25 114 100 62 26 140 46 27 55 20 3 14 8 2 14 14 1 26 32 9 29 30 15 31 19 3 5 6 0 4 20 1 5 40 11 23 4	0 0 2 2 0 3 5 4 12 9 3 8 22 9 1 20 6 1 55 40 13 8 1 9 16 22 21 15 6 2 8 1 21 3 5 3 0 4 0 14 8 6 12 11 5 1 52	0 0 2 5 0 3 6 6 29 17 9 30 75 16 2 45 11 2 134 76 45
															
Watervliet Arsenal....															
															
															
															
															
															
															
															
Mount Vernon Arsenal.															
															
															
Fort Smith............															13
															1
Fort Brady............															24 24 57 87 48
															14 2
															23
Fort Riley............															2 38
															5
															17
															3
Fort Belknap..........															0 8
Fort McKavett........															0 35 8
															12
															23
															12 7 3
															86
 
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
531
									MONTH OF FEBRUARY,					1854.			RAIN			
• WINDS.										WEATHER.				i				AND SNOW.		
and sum of force.										Mean clearness of sky. | Days.							Days.		0) a	REMARKS.
S. E. I S. i				S. W. | w.				N. W.		S. R.	9 A.M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	r^H	>> 0 O 5	'5 ti	o 0 Ul	a <	
9 23 4			8 i 3		5 1 16		42	30	78	3.32	3.78	4.60	4.67	4.09	12	16	7	7	3.36	
3 3 | 0			0 32		54 0		0	53	LOO	5.00	5.14	5.57	6.17	5.47	16	12	5	6	4.45	
7 14 0 0				24	40	13	21	26	82	4.71	4.78	4.39	6.78	5.16	15	13	4	4	4.00*	
8 22 30			66	5	10	0	0	24	84	4.60	4.00	4.92	6.03	4.89	16	12	4	9	5.04	[too high.
1	3	21	55	12	35	15	38	19	65	6.70	6.74	8.07	7.25	7.19	20	8	4	4	2.77	Scale of clearness
11	11	6	12	27	78	13	40	9	28	1.60	1.25	2.14	0.57	1.39	10	18	4	5	2.52	Scale of clearness
1	1	9	20	27	78	11	38	14	39	4.21	4.14	4.14	3.57	4.01	13	15	5	6	2.33	[too low.
12 24		3	4	10	10	5	8	31	69	4.30 ! 6.20		5.80	5.10	5.35	14	14	4	4	5.45	
0	0	1	2	5	14	28	53	18	52	4.92	4.92	5.64	5.32	5.20	17	11	3	6	4.90	
5	16	15	36	29	61	13	29	13	43	5.36	5.54	5.89	7.50	6.07	16	12	9	1	1.90	
7	20	10	47	24	79	2	6	26	79	4.57	4.89	5.07	6.35	5.22	15	13	9	0	2.84	
18	79	5	17	17	42	9	17	19	43	2.46	2.85	3.28	4.08	3.17	8	20	8	0	3.40	
10	37	10	36	6	13	2	4	3	10	5.89	6.39	5.85	7.60	6.42	21	7	5	0	2.55	
11	28	9	32	4	10	1	3	10	17	6.50	6.64	5.42	6.89	6.36	20	8	4	0	4.70	
21	77	1	7	19	71 2		5	18	40	4.03	5.39	4.53	6.50	5.11	16	12	7	0 6.89		
! 12	37	12	45	9	21 10 30			7	14	3.00	4.46	4.14	5.84	4.29	15	13	9	0 2.21		
7	20	7	22	7	21 11		23	17	29	4.36	5.61	5.39	4.86	5.06	15	13	7	0 5.55		
13	40	9	16	13	30 5		13	13	27	5.39	5.03	5.32	6.85	5.65	17	11	8	0 12.83		
10	22	6	12	3	8 j 23		60	2	4	3.32	3.21	2.92	4.53	3.49	10	18	8	0	5.50	
7	14	21	49	0	0	0	0	1	2	3.70	4.10	5.30	7.10	5.05	14	14	4	0	2.00	
13	39	26	95	13	41	7	30	11	27	6.53	6.46	6.50	6.85	6.59	20	8	5	0	3.30	
13	25	10	13	11	20	3	4	10	21	5.21	5.75	6.21	6.78	6.00	18	10	5	0	2.05	
5	5	36	91	3	3	I	1	8	8	4.25	4.60	5.75	6.00	5.15	17	11	5	0	1.43	
4	8	42	81	5	20 13		33	2	6	1.64	2.78	4.39	4.82	3.41	12	16	6	2	3.25	
4	5	14	24	10	19 15		23	12	19	....	....	....	....	....	15	13	6	I	2.40	
0	0	37	97	2	5 32		127 0		0	2.60	3.57	2.85	4.82	3.46	12	16	5	0	5.30	Therm, protected.
11	35	8	10	0	0	8	19 | 16		43	2.89	2.71	4.46	4.96	3.76	12	16	2	' 4	1.23	
10	31	9	27	9	36 12		51	3	17	4.70	4.26	4.10	3.80	4.22	12	16	1	7 1.18		Temp, inaccurate at
25	49	11	20	8	17 j 11		31 27		92	6.03	6.07	6.28	7.07	6.36	17	11	0	3	0.03	[at 9 a. m.
8	21	23	46	11	24 1 14		38 | 7		18	5.60	5.60	6.25	6.42	5.97	19	9	0	2	0.03	
20	49	3	4	11	32 18		71 i 26		100	4.75	4.67	5.07	6.57	5.26	16	12	0	2	0.01	
10	17	0	0	37 91 11			16 42		69	3.71	4.60	4.75	3.85	4.23	16	12	3	3	1.78	
8	19	10	20	11	34 19		57 8		31	9.07	8.85	9.00	8.00	8.73	25	3	2	2	0.94	
6	18	17	54	4	12 13		27 12		37	5.14	5.28	5.78	5.75	5.49	18	10	1	3	1.33	
1	4	0	0	0	0 40		139	2	3	8.25	9.00	5.57	3.50	6.58	24	4	1	5	0.40	
15	17	33	85	17	27 9		11	6	6	7.85	8.21	8.78	8.85	8.42	24	4	5	0	2.30	
31	111	18	81	19	81 j 0		0	17	49	1.85	2.85	4.89	6.60	4.05	13	15	3	0	1.10	
1	1	72	150	14	28 0		0	1	1	5.96	7.21	7.10	7.57	6.96	20	8	3	0	0.30	
6	8	0	0	16	25 2		3	12	18	6.07	6.67	6.67	6.14	6.39	19	9	3	0	0.90	
10 | 27		32	115	23	73 j 7		23	3	6	5.04	5.57	6.21	7.43	6.06	16	12	1 4	0	0.77	
5	7	12	13	8	12 21		27	14	30	1.50	3.86	4.57	4.71	3.66	11	17	6	0	1.99	
24	51	8	15	6	8 ' 3		7	8	25	4.35	4.89	5.96	6.71	5.48	15	13	5	0	2.86	
30	61	5	13	21	48 ! 5		8	2 ' 6		4.10	4.57	4.32	5.17	4.54	13	15	4	0	1.50	
17	28	24	44	2	2 4		5	5	10	3.92	4.85	5.64	6.32	5.18	16	12	7	0	1.69	
50	107	5	5	2	4 3		3	20	47	2.85	4.67	6.14	5.57	4.81	15	13	4	0	1.90	
63	137	0	0	0	0 0		0	46	93	3.39	3.96	5.61	6.29	4.31	14	14	4	0	0.69	
6	16	0	0	0	0 i 3		11	9	15	3.64	i 4.35	6.00	6.46	5.11	15 13		4	0	2.15	
										*Snow	estimate	d at thrt.	e inches	of watei						
 
Ool_
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER
MONTH OF FEBRUARY, 1854.
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
Range.
Fort Clarke...........I  44.92
Fort Fillmore..........j  35.82
Fort Thome..........j  19.00
Fort Conrad...........  26.57
Albuquerque..........|  27.92
Santa Fe..............!  24.92
Fort Union...........  22.07
Fort Defiance.........  19.67
Fort Yuma............  47 .25
San Diego............  42.57
Fort Jurupa...........  43.21
                        43.10
                        47.50
Fort Miller.........
San  Francisco......
Benicia Barracks......   44.03
Fort Reading..........;  41.46
Fort Humboldt........   40.89
Fort Jones...........'  27.65
Fort Vancouver.......j  33.82
Fort Dalles...........!  32.32
Fort Steilacoom.......   34.17
9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.
55.75	67.28	52.10
53.14	70.96	51.71
42.06	64.10	37.14
39.21	58.50	40.03
38.75	57.77	38.35
33.03	46.32	32.00
38.35	47.35	36.32
30.14	43.11	29.67
59.67	71.03	58.78
54.82	62.32	50.27
55.92	63.82	49.39
49.21	58.39	47.60
52.35	57.35	49.67
47.53	56.28	47.57
46.14	55.03	46.42
44.17	52.85	43.46
31.89	46.82	33.71
39.14	43.75	35.50
37.53	48.21	37.71
39.82	48.17	36.42
Mean.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.
55.01	80	29	25.0
50.41	80	20	29.6
40.57	78	0	37.4
41.08	67	14	25.9
40.70	67	15	26.3
34.07	55	9	20.9
36.02	57	7	21.0
30.65	54	2	23.3
59.18	80	32	20.8
52.50	71	35	18.5
53.08	74	31	20.9
49.57	67	32	17.4
51.72	66	38	14.3
48.85	64	34	15.1
47.26	66	32	18.7
45.34	60	29	14.7
35.02	55	17	20.0
38.05	54	21	16.0
38.94	54	22	15.1
39.64	60	22	20.4
Below
mean.
26.0
30.4
40.6
27.1
25.7
25.1
29.0
28.7
27.2
17.5
22.1
17.6
13.7
14.9
15.3
16.3
18.0
17.0
16.9
17.6 
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
533
MONTH  OF  FEBRUARY, 1854.
WINDS.
and sum of force.
 94
 19
  0
  4
  3
 36
  7
  2
 22
 15
 16
  1
 48
 21
  2
 11
  4
140
  9
 13
 2
21
 7
18  60
20  39
    20
 28
 13
 22
  5
  1
  9
 45
 34
  0
 16
  3
  6
148
 1   3
13 ' 28
 3
10
 2
 5
38
 9
 1   5
19  68
44 | 74
12  31
12  29
12	28
9	20
24	43
29	74
7	8
17
18
 4
 2
 7
16  32
69  117
18  34
58
54
 6
 8
35
N. W.
28	62
7	21
12	21
7	23
11	17
16	63
23	40
5	12
26	30
40	124
16	40
2	3
0	0
0	0
1	1
6	13
9	13
    47
    22
    70
 7  17
 8 j 22
19 ! 45
34 iioe
44  70
3.46
9.28
9.09
7.46
7.21
5.96
7.07
7.32
6.25
5.28
5.21
5.32
3.03
3.42
3.78
4.32
2.14
0.53
3.35
0.96
Mean clearness of sky.
S. R.   9 A.M. 3 P.M.  9 P.M. Mean.
4.10
9.50
9.07
7.14
8.17
6.78
7.03
6.75
6.10
5.35
4.75
5.17
3.25
3.67
4.03
3.96
2.07
1.32
3.64
2.17
5.53
9.07
9.03
6.39
7.07
7.50
7.60
6.71
5.50
6.10
5.60
4.96
3.96
4.14
4.53
7.39
2.10
2.57
5.89
4.07
5.57
9.50
9.12
7.35
8.57
6.96
7.21
8.96
5.71
5.71
6.35
7.07
4.07
4.92
5.53
4.50
4.82
3.64
5.28
4.07
4.66
9.34
9.08
7.09
7.76
6.80
7.23
7.44
5.89
5.61
5.48
5.63
3.58
4 04
4.47
5.04
2.78
2.02
4.54
2.82
Dsys.
RAIN AND SNOW.
Days.
		.s
0	'&	
ei	o	a
K	Ul	<
0.94
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.02
0.15
0.28
2.56
2.34
2.42
5.87
4.80
2.15
6.80
1.00
2.83
0.73
4 .- I
I .ol
REMARKS. 
534
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
MONTH OF MARCH,  1854.
THERMOMETER.
STATIONS.
Mean Temperature.
Fort Independence...
Fort Hamilton.......
Fort Columbus......
West Point..........
Watervliet Arsenal....
Fort Niagara..........
Alleghany  Arsenal.....
Fort Delaware.........
Fort McHenry.........
Fort Monroe..........
Fort Moultrie.........
Fort Pierce............
Key West............
Fort Myers...........
Fort Brooke...........
Fort Meade...........
Fort Barrancas........
Mount Vernon  Arsenal.
Baton Rouge Barracks..
Fort Towson..........
Fort Washita..........
Fort Smith............
Fort Gibson.........
Jefferson Barracks
St. Louis Arsenal......
Newport Barracks.....,
Fort Mackinac........
Fort Brady............
 Fort Snelling..........
Fort Ripley..........
Fort Ridgely.........
Fort Leavenworth......
Fort Riley...........
Fort Kearney........
Fort Laramie.........
Fort Arbuckle........
Fort Belknap.........
Phantom  Hill.........
 Fort Chadbourne.....
Fort McKavett.......
Fort Merrill..........
Fort Ewell...........
Fort Brown..........
Ringgold Barracks.
 Fort Mcintosh........
Fori Duncan.........
 Fort luge............
3 P. M.   9 P. M.
Range.
28.54
33.70
32.29
31.16
24.25
29.39
33.51
38.13
36.67
45.61
56.77
66.38
73.45
66.06
62.90
62.10
58.64
57.00
59.45
52.22
52.45
50.19
50.64
42.70
40.26
41.83
21.64
18.13
24.38
19.93
27.77
37.38
36.64
27.77
?3.90
49.87
54.06
53.51
51.93
56.97
63.70
61.19
67.64
66.64
64.58
60.68
53.96
32.00
37.25
35.00
37.70
32.42
32.55
40.25
43.70
43.29
51.77
63.35
74.41
76.87
74.64
71.29
71.00
66.22
05.19
65.40
59.38
57.70
54.87
56.00
48.22
45.74
44.60
27.54
26.77
30.51
28.06
37.77
43.80
46.93
34.16
39.16
58.09
63.41
61.96
63.06
60.55
81.54
73.25
75.32
74.16
74.19
63.35
66.74
38.74
41.64
41.41
40.61
37.45
36.19
47.38
47.70
53.29
55.26
68.80
79.96
79.68
82.35
77.87
79.74
72.80
76.51
74.56
68.54
74.61
65.48
63.67
54.70
54.36
52.45
32.70
27.71
38.45
35.03
48.54
54.74
58.62
48.74
50.16
66.32
73.54
71.51
78.87
69.77
87.29
82.16
73.64
83.22
85.42
80.52
79.58
32.41
38.22
36.00
35.93
32.09
31.36
40.32

44.35
50.65
61.97
71.29
76.26
71.93
G8.22
69.71
62.26
62.26
65.54
58.06
56.90
57.51
55.96
47.74
44.03
48.09
23.73
19.93
29.61
26.03
33.74
44.64
44.43
36.35
41.02
55.29
61.58
61.45
60.45
62.71
77.51
64.77
70.90
72.38
72.74
65.13
64.87
32.92
37.70
36.17
36.35
31.55
32.37
40.36
43.18
44.40
50.82
62.72
73.01
76.56
73.74
70.07
70.64
64.98
65.24
66.24
59.55
60.41
57.01
56.57
48.34
46.10
46.74
26.40
23.14
30.74
27.26
36.96
45.14
46.66
36.76
41.06
57.39
63.15
62.11
63.58
62.50
77.50
70.34
71.87
74.10
74.23
68.67
67.54
64
62
66
63
53
58
66
70
73
74
85
86
84
88
85
88
82
90
83
89
88
84
83
82
72
74
47
47
58
51
63
79
85
72
65
86
93
93
94
87
93
94
86
98
100
93
90
  16
  22
  19
  18
  10
  14
  11
  24
  20
  28
  37
  55
  68
  58
  52
  47
  42
  40
  43
  37
  34
  35
  38
  22
  25
  27
   2
— 5
   4
— 4
  13
  20
—20
  16
  21
  27
  34
  36
  28
  37
  40
  32
  47
  40
  43
  39
  40
Above
Mean.
21.1
24.3
29.8
26.7
23.4
25.6
25.6
26.8
28.6
23.2
22.3
13.0
 7.4
14.3
14.9
17.4
17.0
24.8
16.8
29.4
27.6
27.0
26.4
33.7
25.9
27.3
20.6
23.9
27.3
23.7
26.0
33.9
38.3
35.2
23.9
28.6
29.8
30.9
30.4
24.5
15.5
23.7
14.1
23.9
25.8
24.3
Below
Mean.
16.9
15.7
17.2
18.3
21.6
18.4
29.4
19.2
24.4
22.8
25.7
18.0
 8.6
15.7
18.1
23.6
23.0
25.2
23.2
22.6
26.4
22.0
18.6
26.3
21.1
19.7
24.4
28.1
26.7
31.3
24.0
25.1
26.7
20.8
20.1
30.4
29.2
24.1
35.6
25.5
37.5
38.3
24.9
34.1
31.2
29.7
27.5
WINDS.
No. of Observations
N.E.
15	38
0	0
4	10
29	135
4	13
12	31
14	27
5	10
15	32
10	26
7	32
8	33
18	52
16	40
4	4
14	33
28	49
9	18
5	13
12	23
5	19
14	33
20	68
0	0
30	81
33	143
1	3
3	13
11	23
15	39
22	120
  4
 18
 23
•45
 18
 15
  9
 10
 11
 12
 11
 20
 12
  0
 12
11   17
29   32
15
 2
 0
 5
12
 3
14
12
25
28
17
11
35
11
 5
20
 3
19
14
 9
 5
 1
 4
 1
 1
 0
 9
14
 8
29
 5
17
 3
 7
12
 5
 4
15
10
 0
 4
  0
 13
  5
27
 6
 0
 9
13
 3
21
33
80
93
53
20
72
21
 7
37
 9
36
64
21
 7
 6
 7
 4
 3
 0
19
30
42
56
23
42
 5
 7
46
 9
 7
38
16
 0
10
  0
30
 10
11
 0
 7
 0
 2
 8
 5
 2
 1
19
 4
 6
30
 3
15
23
 5
 1
35
25
20
14
12
14
13
19
11
10
 5
 8
11
 0
  1
 2
14
12
 2
11
  1
12
  8
  7
 13
 16
 11
  1
 23
  0
 12
  0
  7
  8
  7
 10
  1
 41
 15
 21
100
  5
 25
 56
  9
  2
 81
 49
 64
 26
 27
 28
 22
 58
 20
 37
  7
 13
 26
  0
  5
  4
 25
 14
  4
 14
  1
 33
  8
 16
 15
 27
 22
  3
21  31   70  114 
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r>36
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER,
MOXTII OF MARCH, 1854.
THERMOMETER.
STATIONS.
Fort Clarke...........',  57
Fort Fillmore..........  45
Fort Thorno..........j  34
Fort Conrad...........;  34
Albuquerque...........i  35
Santa Fe..............;  32
Fort Union............I  29
                      I
Fort Defiance.........  24
Fort Yuma......
San Diego.......
Fort Jurupa.....
Fort Miller......
San Francisco ...
Benicia Barracks
Fort Reading....
Fort Humboldt. .
Fort Jones......
Fort Vancouver .
Fort Dalles.....
Fort Steilacoom .
Mean Temperature.
Range.
63.00
59.38
53.62
48.16
50.35
42.03
44.06
37.87
65.77
54.54
60.25
53.61
53.29
51.06
53.45
47.71
35.37
45.64
45.41
43.58
76.48
75.57
68.89
67.03
64.96
52.90
52.52
50.25
73.61
63.03
64.29
62.06
59.29
59.12
61.80
54.29
56.35
53.77
57.16
56.22
63.09
58.16
45.89
50.35
46.35
38.32
37.58
35.22
68.70
52.25
50.61
51.00
48.96
48.51
52.54
45.29
42.00
42.48
45.16
40.09
66.37
59.71
50.73
50.08
49.35
41.46
40.91
37.04
64.50
54.62
54.49
52.93
52.00
50.27
53.61
47.37
41.16
45.00
46.0U
43.87
Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below meau.	
87	35	20.6	31.4	6
85	28	25.3	31.7	1
>83	5	32.3	45.7	12
80	17	29.9	33.1	24
74	23	24.7	26.3	44
63	19	21.5	22.5	8
62	7	21.1	33.9	38
63	8	26.0	29.0	8
87	37	22 5	27.5	23
69	36	14.4	18.6	2
72	30	17.5	24.5	9
74	33	21.0	20.0	0
68	39	16.0	13.0	12
72	35	21.7	15.3	0
76	33	22.4	20.6	14
62	30	14.6	17.4	13
71	22	29.8	19.2	17
76	34	31.0	11.0	2
76	27	30.0	19.0	8
67	30	23.1	13.9	0
 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER
537
								MONTH OF MARCH, 1854.													
WINDS.											WEATHER.							RAIN Da; 0	AND SNOW.		
aud sum of force.											Mean clearness of sky. ' Days.								,s. S c ■ji	10 o 0 a <	REMARKS.
| S. E. 1			S. i S. w.				W.		N. W.		1 1 S. R. 9 A. M.		3 P. M. , 9 P. M.		eu a Fair. Clou 1.						
70 ; 75			1	1 1-3		5	0	0	24	28	2.03 2.38		1 4.61 5.32		3.58	11 20		8	0	1.48	
1 1			5	8 20		64	20	59	14	44 8.58 i 8.54			8.22 | 8.51		8.46	28 ; 3		5	0	0.65	
0 0			4	7 ' 20		30	55	85	22	29 8.80 8.60			8.50 | 8.90		8.70	28 3		2	0	0.14	
4 i 7			33	121 9		41	41	108	4	12	6.90	6.70	6.00	6.96	6.64	24 i 7		2	0	0.05	
7 1 17			62	140 1		4	4	19	3	10	6.67	6.67	6.77	7.00	6.78	23 8		4	0	0.43	
7 22			7	17 15		31	16	34	21	46	5.77	7.22	7.19	7.06	6.81	26 5		6	1	2.01	
	3	5	3	6 28		75	11	24	35	93	6.29 ! 6.51		5.87-	6.64	6.33	25 1 6		3	1	0.63	
	0	0	12	24 42		94	26	47	20	31	7.32 7.58		6.93	8.32	7.54	28	3	5	3	0.45	
: 17		33	21	45 14		27	17	67	10	27	5.64 6.12		5.51	6.93	6.05	21	10	2	0	0.80	
1 17		19	21	23 | 31		52	21	38	0	0	3.19 1 4.61		6.58	5.22	4.90	15 16		12	0	2.14	
11		18	5	10 44		97	13	26	5	11 5.09		5.83	5.48	5.38	5.45 20		11	10	0	3.09	
6		6	5	6	6	6	48	62	2	2 5.06		6.03	5.96	6.93	6.00	20	11	7	0	0.85	
11		31	9	23	19	53	45	134	17	55 3.00		3.35	5.19	5.35	4.22	14	17	8	o	3.11	
	7	17	0	0	9	21	76	217	0	0 5.12 5.41			4.58	5.77	5.22	18 i 13		7	0	2.05	
	1	2	29	54	5	7	3	5	4	6 4.41 4.61 5.48 6.16					5.16	18 13		5	0	0.80?	
	2	6	1	2 1		1	1	2	0	0 6.32 6.13 7.32 5.80					6.39	21	10	10	0	5.14	
	0	0	11	20 I 5		16	3	10	3	10 4.19 4.54			4.19 7.41		5.08	16	15	2	3	0.75	
	27	56	2	4 ' 30		63	0	0	15	35 1.12 2.58			3.25 4.25		2.80	9 22		10	1	1.22	
	0	0	6	8 j 78		131	23	76	3	8 5.45 5.51			6.80 , 5.87		5.91	20 11		4	4	0.36	
	7	21	39	106 38		131	17	47	1	3 1.83 2.70			4.54 5.54		3.65	14 17		6	2	2.89	1
m 
538
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
MONTH OF APRIL, 1854.
THERMOMETER.
STATIONS.
Mean Temperature.
Range.
9 A. M.
 Fort Independence.....
 Fort Hamilton........
 Fort Columbus.........
 West Point............
 Watervliet Arsenal
 Fort Niagara..........
 Alleghany Arsenal.....
 Fort Delaware........
 Fort McHenry........
 Fort Monroe..........
 Fort Moultrie.........
 Fort Pierce, (Capron)..
 Key West............
 Fort Myers............
 Fort Brooke...........
 Fort Meade...........
 Fort Barrancas........
 Mount Vernon Arsenal.
 Baton Rouge..........
 Fort Towson..........
 Fort Washita..........
 Fort Smith............
 Fort Gibson...........
 Jefferson Barracks......
 St. Louis Arsenal......
 Newport Barracks.....
 Fort Mackinac.........
 Fort Brady............
 Fort Snelling.........
 Fort Ripley...........
 Fort Ridgely..........
 Fort Leavenworth.....
 Fort Riley............
 Fort Kearney.........
 Fort Laramie.........
 Fort Arbuckle.........
 Fort Belknap..........
 Fort Chadbourne......
 Fort Mc Kavett........
 Fort  Merrill...........
 Fort Ewell............
 Fort Brown...........
 Ringgold Barracks.....
 Fort Mcintosh.........
 Fort Inge.............
 Fort Duncan..........
Fort Clarke...........
 37.33
 41.53
 40.40
 39.16
 35.60
 37.10
 41.66
 43.92
 43.10
 55.00
 56.06
 64.70
 71.36
 64.30
 63.20
 60.70
 54.40
 51.73
 57.31
 53.60
 53.56
 52.60
 53.46
 49.90
 47.60
 47.50
 32.23
 26.37
 38.46
 33.93
 43.56
 46.76
 47.76 |
 40.83 j
 42.66
 51.03
 i s
 53.03
 51.96
 56.77
 62.96
 60.20 j
 66.90 j
 65.36 I
 65.13  I
59.03  |
60.17  ,
58.16  ''
 41.96
 45.23
 43.90
 47.93
 42.60
 42.23
 49.56
 51.01
 48.23
 58.70
 64.96
 74.00
 74.00
 71.50
 71.80
 68.93
 65.10
 63.43
 64.55
 60.70
 60.66
 58.88
 60.33
 56.20
 55.06
 52.13
 38.40
 40.87
 48.66
 47.86
 55.66
 56.16
 56.10
 52.46
 49.06
 61.53
 67.00
 64.33
 61.63
 78.86
 73.53
 78.43
 79.53
 76.40
 68.13
 71.70
69.83
 49.16
 49.90
 52.83
 51.93
 47.26
 47.53
 57.33
 58.02
 56.53
 58.93
 69.13
 76.66
 76.63
 79.03
 76.43
 76.07
 71.90
 75.40
 72.55
 71.53
 70.26
 69.36
 67.96
 64.43
 67.56
 59.66
 43.60
 43.10
 58.83
 58.20
 64.33
 65.76
 67.51
 62.31
 59.04
 71.76
 78.13
 75.33
 72.77
 83.13
 87.36
 79.46
 87.86
 91.13
 82.66
 85.47
80.70
 41.20
 45.63
 43.23
 44.63
 39.63
 38.77
 48.66

 48.16
 56.00
 60.90
 68.93
 73.56
 69.46
 68.83
 67.40
 60.33
 58.63
 64.11
 61.76
 61.23
 61.66
 60.20
 56.63
 51.43
 53.50
 34.00
 29.24
 48.26
 42.33
 52.56
 55.56
 56.46
 49.30
 51.73
 58.96
 64.93
 61.06
 65.00
 76.23
 68.90
 70.80
 73.83
 76.10
 66.43
 71.37
66.20
 42.41
 45.57
 45.09
 45.91
 41.27
 41.41
 49.30
 50.98
 49.00
 57.16
 62.76
 71.10
 73.89
 71.07
 70.07
 68.10
 62.93
 62.30
 64.63
 61.90
 61.43
 60.62
 60.49
 56.79
 55.41
 53.20
 37.06
 40.87
 48.54
 45.58
 54.03
 56.06
 56.96
 51.22
 50.62
 60.82
 65.77
 63.17
64.04
76.54
 72.50
 73.90
76.39
77.19
64.06
72.18
68.72
 66
 70
 76
 76
 66
 68
 81
 80
 74
 80
 82
 89
 83
 88
 86
 85
 83
 87
 82
 83
 86
 89
 85
 88
 87
 82.
 63*
 63
 86?
 80
 85
 85
 92?
 88
 78
 85
 94
 86
 86
 97
100
 90
 96
103
 92
 99
 90
  26
  28
  26
  25
  22
  27
  23
  29
  30
  36
  36
  48
  60
  49
  45
  44
  38
  34
  43
  30
  32
  33
  30
  25
  25
  29
  12
   7
   9
— 7
  13
  15
  23
  16
  24
  25
  32
  34
  41
  44
  40
  52
  49
  48
  44
  42
  40
23.6
24.4
30.9
30.1
24.7
26.6
31.7
29.0
25.0
22.8
19.2
17.9
 9.1
16.9
15.9
16.9
20.1
24.7
17.4
21.1
24.6
28.4
24.5
31.2
31.6
28.8
25.9
22.1
37.5
34.4
31.0
28.9
35.0
36.8
27.4
24.2
28.2
22.8
22.0
20.5
27.5
16.1
19.6
25.8
27.9
26.8
21.3
Below
mean.
No. of Observations
N.E.
 16.4
 17.6
 19.1
 20.9
 19.3
 14.4
 26.3
 22.0
 19.0
 21.2
 24.8
 23.1
 13.9
 22.1
 25.1
 24.1
 24.9
 28.3
 21.6
 31.9
 29.4
 27.6
 30.5
 31.8
 30.4
 24.2
 25.1
 33.9
 39.5
 52.6
 41.0
 41.1
 34.0
 35.2
 26.6
 35.8
 33.8
 29.2
 23.0
 32.5
 32.5
 21.9
27.4
29.2
20.1
30.2
28.7
12-	40
0	40
21	28
200	4
68	0
6	39
30	22
11	15
50	23
9	11
26	12
51	23
163	14
71	11
5	13
52	12
25	11
26	14
21	7
37	9
2	10
41	17
31	2
0	0
55	9
92	4
14	9
9	1
53	17
52	24
40	15
1	10
25	2
86	6
33	4
23	6
72	1
38	1
38	16
8	27
23	4
19	5
17	0
34	15
27	6
2	7
4	16
133
 61
115
 23
  0
 90
 93
 40
 72
 28
 52
 83
 54
 25
 20
 28
 15
 23
 25
 14
 28
 34
  2
  0
 31
 16
 25
  4
 39
 52
 54
 25
  7
 16
  6
 10
  2
  1
 50
 37
  5
 10
  0
 23
 10
 19
 49
E.	
17	31
0	0
2	4
1	2
2	5
5	10
1	4
1	2
7	13
23	56
1	3
13	38
19	65
10	18
31	63
23	49
8	11
6	11
27	63
16	24
18	34
10	20
11	17
13	37
14	20
29	114
37	136
43	87
7	18
8	17
13	59
0	0
4	7
5	14
16	24
11	24
2	4
3	3
7	25
9	10
4	8
17	33
3	10
5	5
79	142
0	0
17	60 '
 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
539
								MONTH OF APRIL, 1854.								1 i				
WINDS.										WEATHER.							IAIN	1 AND SNOW.		
and sum of force.										Mean clea4-ness of sky.					Days.		Days.		.1 a <	REMARKS.
i S. E. | S. 1				s. w.		w.		N. W.		S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	'3 '■H	— ° | 3 to i ti.		o a Ul		
11	15	4	8	13	30	8	19	23	54	2.53	2.46	3.43	3.66	3.02	11	19	11	2	5.40	
22	26	0	0	25	25	0	0	32	39	3.06	4.16	4.86	4.60	4.17	13	17	12	3	9.58	
10	32	11	19	29	52	8	12	18	44	3.53	3.10	3.96	4.43	3.76	12	18	12	3	8.80	
9	25	34	70	5	17	7	23	10	29	3.40	4.43	4.06	4.86	4.19	15	15	11	5	L0.53	
11	30	14	41	8	26	16	56	19	56	6.10	6.56	5.83	4.66	5.79	18	12	9	3	3.98	
10	13	21	43	24	75	7	26	6	18	1.63	2.37	3.12	2.47	2.40	6	24	10	3	2.25 ■'	
6	10	7	11	25	58	7	15	18	50	2.50	2.46	3.23	3.66	2.96	10	20	12	4	4.21	
2	2	4	7	2 3		0	0	9	13						17	13	11	2	6.40	No observations at 9
4	8	3	7	12 35		22	36	19	36	2.73	3.50	5.13	4.26	3.91	15	16	9	3	7.20	[p.m.
3	4	2	4	15 ! 38		18	45	4	11	5.00	5.00	5.00	3.00	4.50	18	12	8	0	1.80?	Inaccurate.
31	.78	12	59	32 146		1	3	21	75	4.70	5.23	5.50	6.26	5.42	21	9	8	0	2.20	
24	77	7	13	20 55		6	17	15	40	2.43	3.03	2.50	4.30	3.06	9	21	8	0	7.00	
6	12	11	36	9	23	3	11	12	50	5.12	5.23	5.16	5.76	5.32	19	11	8	0	2.99	
0	0	10	25	13	32	9	24	10	30	4.76	5.16	5.30	5.63	5.21	19	11	5	0	2.75	
15	37	8	10	10	36	30	91	14	38	4.26	5.93	6.26	6.20	5.66	21	9	8	0	8.82	
8	19	9	15	4	12	24	70	8	13	1.90	2.93	3.80	4.80	3.36	13	17	11	0	3.19	
11	17	14	30	12	23	12	23	29	52	4.00	6.03	6.70	7.03	5.94	20	10	1	0	0.50	
35	71	18	28	• 6	13	4	12	19	59	6.43	7.27	7.03	8.30	7.26	23	7	4	0	1.96	
25	64	9	23	12	32	19	48	7	18	4.33	4.23	3.70	5.13	4.35	14	16	5	0	3,58	
24	46	33	65	8	12	2	4	9	18	3.80	4.10	5.06	5.36	4.58	14	16	9	0	2.22	
14	46	38	144	6 22		6	24	14	38	4.53	4.30	5.00	5.66	4.87	16	14	9	0	4.21	
9	21	18	52	13	36	12	34	3	6	4.26	5.13	5.73	5.66	5.19	17	13	7	0	6.55	
30	100	31	105	2	2	3	9	9	24	4.80	3.86	4.16	5.66	4.62	13	17	9	0	3.16	
10	37	42	81	9	29	20	35	3	21	2.60	4.23	4.56	5.23	4 16	16	14 , 7		0	3.40	
3	3	20	34	21	36	17	35	2	3	7.17	7.77	7.93	2.83	6.42	15	15	8	0	4.30	Clearness inaccurate.
1	2	21	55	10	38	28	96	3	12	1.66	3.00	3.33	4.66	3.16	11	19	4	2	2.10	
13	26	12	24	4	13	20	61	9	27	4.70	4.83	5.40	5.70	5.16	15	15	6	2	1.04	
6	12	18	37	11	29	11	28	2	9	6.20	6.20	6.10	5.17	5.92	17	13	5	6	2.14	Temp, inaccurate at
19	44	20	50	5	9	9	37	7	20	4.76	4.50	4.13	4.73	4.53	17	13	11	2	2.51	[9 a. m.
3	5	23	65	12	23	8	22	2	4	5.73	5.23	5.26	6.13	6.09	18	12	9	1	0.97	
28	73	20	65	16	36	2	8	6	21	4.13	4.53	3.06	5.26	4.24	13	17	11	0	2.83	
26	61	1	1	41	107	10	17	28	46	5.30	5.70	5.60	4.96	5.39	18	12	10	0	3.35	
14	34	42	91	23	68	11	26	3	14	7.23	8.06	8.86	8.20	8.09	22	8	4	0	4.55	Inaccurate.
17	49	14	40	28	89	4	16	17	52	4.46	5.10	4.60	4.00	4.54	18	12	6	3	2.56	
3	3	0	0	0	0	22	41	9	12	6.30	8.03	8.13	2.66	6.28	23	7	9	3	3.98	
43	92	10	19	19	38	6	7	8	16 ! 8.60		8.56	9.00	7.86	8.50	24	6	6	0	2.98	
54	207	14	62	8	17	1	3	12	44 !'5.02		6.36	6.04	7.56	6.25	24	6	4	0	1.75	
24	52	17	24	6	10	0	0	3	4	3.83	6.23	6.00	7.03	5.77	21	9	4	0	0.56	
35	120	21	81	13	36	2	6	9	27	4.63	6.03	7.57	8.64	6.72	23	7	3	0	0.28	
34	44	15	44	9	20	2	2	4	6	4.76	6.86	6.10	6.86	6.14	21	9	2	0	1.16	
66	182	7	14	0	0	3	6	11	17	6.06	7.90	7.60	8.66	7.56	27	3	1	0	0.00	
34	70	23	54	26	67	2	5	4	8	5.56	4.80	5.60	6.43	5.60	20	10	1	0	0.05	
39	102	57	161	0	0	0	0	10	14	6.70	7.30	6.73	7.53	7.07	23	7	0	0	0.00	
72	184	6	9	2	2	0	0	5	10	4.40	5.03	6.93	7.76	6.03	19	11	0	0	0.00	
9	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	9	4.40	5.06	7.06	8.20	6.18	21	9	2	0	0.75	
83 ,243		0	0	0	0	0	0	23	63	3.97	4.37	6.27	7.77	5.59	22	8	1	0	0.00	
63	!l!6	i 2	4	2	4	0	0	19	66	3.50	4.23	6.26	7.36	5.34	16	14	2	0	0.60	
 
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42
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER
- — - -- -— ---			MONTH OF MAY, 1851					---- -	-----						
					0METER.										
			THERM							WINDS.					
STATIONS.	Mean Temperature.					"j Max.	Ra Min.	nge.		No. of Observations					
	S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M. 9 T. M. Mean.					Above mean.	Below mean.	N. N. E.				E.	
	51.96 55.19 54.22 54.23 50.86 49.58 50.74 57.20 56.19 61.00 67.51 72.32 77.77 71.70 70.77 68.58 68.38 65.00 68.27 62.06 61.35 61.77 59.51 57.87 58.00 4° 22 37.13 49.80	58.12 58.45 59.51 62.74 1 57.12 56.58 62.38 64.60 64.70 73.35 77.13 81.80 81.12 81.16 79.64 78.16 77.51 75.83 75.20 73.16 66.74 68.38 68.96 65.58 63.41 i 50.12 54.64 58.70	67.38 57.58 ! 58.76 66.67 57.16 , 59.37			81 78 80 78 74 80 86 88 80 90 91 92 90 93 90 90 90 90 91 88 84 86 84 88 83 63 73 84 81 90 88 86 82 80 90 88 94 87 97 86 93 90 103 104 95 102 93	31 35 34 34 30 32 31 41 40 56 45 64 73 64 60 56 47 48 49 50 51 51 46 43 42 28 22 32 31 37 40 40 30 38 47 52 48 56 64 61 58 67 63 64 55 60 54	22.2 18.6 20.0 17.4 19.1 25.0 24.8 23.5 15.7 21.3 17.6 13.6 9.2 13.9 12.5 13.7 14.6 15.4 15.9 18.2 16.5 18.4 15.5 21.6 19.0 15.4 26.6 26.2 28.9 27.7 22.5 22.0 22.7 23.1 21.4 16.3 23.9 16.7 16.3 9.4 15.5 9.0 21.3 22.6 20.1 | 23.1 i 18.0	27.8 24.4 26.0 26.6 24.9 23.0 30.2 23.5 24.3 12.7 28.4 14.4 7.8 15.1 17.5 20.3 28.4 26.6 26.1 19.8 16.5 16.6 22.5 23.4 22.0 19.6 24.4 25.8 21.1 25.3 25.5 24.0 29.3 18.9 21.6 19.7 22.1 14.3 16.7 15.6 19.5 14.0 18.7 17.4 19.9 18.9 21.0	7 8 12 32 1 13 7 21 5 24 0 6 1 15 23 1 22 24 3 3 7 8 1 3 5 1 2 6 11 20 18 4 0 16 13 11 9 11 3 4 0 6 3 11 |l2 1 4	16 15 9 29		45 31 40 17 0 42 20 23 13 24 53 153 26 33 14 30 5 18 0 57 34 7 6 4 5 10 16 60 57 29 7 3 26 4 13 42 15 61 1 48 7 8 4 25 8 2 20	1 2 1 1 2 2	
			67.32 66.09 59.67 62.30 70.41 74.30 73.09 72.61 77.77 ' 83.77 83.67 87.12 85.74 83.87 83.12 SS2.48 82.88 75.96 74.19 74.22 77.51 78.19 70.09 53.03 55.10 65.74 62.00 69.45 74.83 72.80 69.70 63.77 76.80 I 80.00 77.75 77.39 90.26 78.80 88.48 84.77 91.42 91.90 88.48 90.35 84.96	58.77 59.96 59.25 | 60.57							25 31 44 7 38 9 63 0 15 3 48 43 1 45 28 5 6 16 9 1 7 11 1 5 22 35 61 99 4 0 41 14 14 12 15 7 12 0 11 6 33 8 32 2 11	17 4 0 23 16 13 6 6 15 45 8 16 6 16 3 12 0 19 17 4 2 2 5 6 6 12 21 9 4 2 9 4 11 17 13 24 1 17 7 3 2 14 7 2 10			
														0 0 4 4 6 5 54 1 14 3 20 7 46 27 6 4 23 19 20 15 3 21 18 39 25 12 9 16 0 12 6 20 13 3 8 8 0 9 8 13 31 16 104 0 ' 58	0 0 7 8 8 13 114 50 10 42 14 102 58 10 6 47 42 25 21 5 31 19 138 62 45 21 58 0 17 20 30 22 4
				51.90 51.48 61.16 61.80 63.19 68.00 71.00 75.77 80.70 76.54 ; 73.64 74.61 72.61 75.25 74.06 68.00 67.74 66.06 67.77 63.90 64.51 45.12 38.55 57.03 48.29 58.58 64.90 61.29 57.32 56.48 66.06 69.29 i 68.09 70.10 78.30 76.11 74.77 77.83 81.00 80.09 70.00 78.65	54.89 54.98 61.17 64.50 64.29 68.74 73.35 78.41 80.84 79.13 77.49 76.31 75.40 74.64 75.10 69.80 67.51 67.61 68.44 66.36 64.00 47.62 46.36 57.82 52.11 62.32 65.45 64.00 59.31 56.92 68.64 71.66 70.08 70.33 80.73 76.61 77.45 81.00 81.74 | 81.41 74.89 1 78.92										
															
															
															
															
															
															
															
															
Mount Vernon Arsenal.															
															
															
															
															
															
															
	43.35 ! 54.80 57.35 63.90														
															
	56.58 57.96 . 48.48	65.48 63.93 61.74													
															
	, 49.90 ' 57.52 61.06 ! 70.62 63.70 | 73.64 . 61.90 | 72.58 65.03 ■ 68.81 . 71.07 i 83.30														
															
															
															11 23 0
	73.07 . 69.55	78.45 77.00 82.58													23 13
	. 78.77														28
	72.4E , 73.4i. . 66.Ir	j 82.06 i 80.16 ! 74.96 , 77.13 i 74.74													75 24 161
	. 69.5^														0
	. 66.4J			73.80 ' 75.00											162
 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
543
MONTH OF MAY, 1854.
and sum of force.
S. E.		s		s.	w.	M		N. W.	
14	33	4	6	52	110	9	20	18	57
20 25		0	0	28	32	0	0	40	53
18 j 38		21	47	18	30	18	32	12-	33
6 21		52	174	11	28	4	12	11	39
14 ! 52		36	93	11	29	16	52	21	88
1	1	29	51	37	116	9	17	9	47
10	22	18	49	20	57	9	23	0	0
31	60	9	10	14	19	5	7	32	46
7	13	9	24	18	37	26	57	20	43
0	0	3	5	50	109	5	9	0	0
15	39	42	147	17	56	6	10	5	13
52	179	0	0	17	31	3	3	1	3
45	134	9	16	13	32	3	7	4	14
8	11	10	28	14	38	2	6	4	9
19	35	20	40	9	23	16	40	0	0
8	15	15	26	4	10	7	11	9	11
22	43	24	39	8	17	18	22	17	18
42	88	19	37	12	21	3	8	25	49
27	60	6	13	25	63	28	60	11	26
11	34	35	105	14	33	5	9	5	10
16	34	19	31	20	56	3	10	0	0
22	38	40	77	4	16	2	3	4	11
30	74	10	21	6	9	26	69	6	25
12	36	23	46	12	17	23	71	5	9
0	0	8	12	16	22	22	27	1	1
22	54	14	22	8	25	29	71	6	19
7	17	35	76	13	41	16	49	4	17
19	73	17	50	13	41	15	63	14	51
8	23	13	31	12	37	14	34	8	16
35	103	10	32	5	19	9	38	24	106
9	23	4	11	62	139	13	35	17	30
19	37	32	51	34	78	3	7	1	4
6	18	17	54	20	61	16	34	30	79
3	4	6	6	2	6	26	31	5	11
19	44	19	36	16	23	7	8	12	15
53	157	14	35	13	36	1	4	6	17
22	30	7	11	10	14	1	1	3	4
37	106	18	50	13	33	5	11	11	31
34	39	29	29	18	19	6	7	2	2
59	154	14	33	2	6	0	0	5	8
67	140	3	4	2	3	4	6	5	8
58	142	25	56	19	52	0	0	0	0
38	84	32	63	0	0	4	6	3	10
73 163		6	10	0	0	2	2	4	8
0 0		0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2
97 '265		0	0	0	0	1	2	17	34
28	69	0	0	0	0	1	6	20	50
	WEATHER.						RAIN	AND SNOW.		
Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days.		.G o 0 a	REMARKS.
S. R.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	C	0 O	0	o		
					r-l	5	ti	Ul	<	
3.29	3.35	3.58	3.80	3.51	14	17	10	0	4.28	
5.00	5.80	5.25	5.74	5.45	18	13	14	0	6.09	
5.22	4.90	4.74	6.16	5.25	18	13	14	0	7.70	
4.87	5.35	4.41	6.06	5.17	17	14	12	0	5.03	
7.19	7.25	6.61	4.87	6.43	21	10	9	0	1.58	
4.96	5.32	4.42	3.64	4.59	15	16	13	0	3.90	
4.54	5.74	4.93	5.58	5.20	19 22	12 9	11 9	0 0	2.24 3.95	
5.80	6.09	6.09	4.45	5.61	18	13	9	0	5.20	
6.63	7.55	8.10	6.30	7.14	24	7	4	0	0.82	Inaccurate.
5.25	4.61	4.51	6.58	5.24	19	12	8	0	3.70	
2.96	2.87	3.12	3.58	3.13	15	16	12	0	5.70	
6.03	5.80	6.09	7.19	6.28	28	3	7	0	3.14	
7.80	5.77	4.77	6.32	6.16	24	7	10	0	5.65	
5.09	6.25	5.22	6.16	5.68	25	6	12	0	6.21	
1.81	4.39	3.97	4.13	3.57	10	21	16	p	10.57	
1.00	4.29	4.19	5.26	3.68	17	14	6	0	3.47	
5.25	6.12	5.70	7.22	6.07	20	11	12	0	4.45	
2.35	2.48	2.09	3.61	2.63	10	21	9	0	8.05	
3.52	4.22	4.65	4.61	4.22	16	15	15	0	11.73	
3.37	3.35	4.00	4.41	3.78	12	19	19	0	6.25	
2.74	2.80	3.58	5.83 3.73		13	18	19	o	7.67	
3.25	4.77	5.25	5.48	4.69	17	14	8	0	6.98	
6.90	7.32	7.00	2.42	5.91	18	13	6	0	4.65	
5.45	5.22	5.80	6.61	5.77	19	12	12	0	6.47	
4.32	4.64	5.77	5.67	5.10	17	14	9	0	2.65	
5.52	6.51	6.13	5.13	5.82	18	13	9	0	3.61	
4.25	3.74	3.96	4.22	4.04	12	19	10	1	4.30	
4.74	4.64	4.19	5.25 | 4.70		16	15	13	o	4.34	
3.61	4.16	3.29	5.09	4.04	13	18	16	0	6.84	
3.58	4.22	4.22	3.90	4.98	16	15	9	0	5.55	
7.87	8.35	7.90	7.35	7.87	23	8	4	0	4.35	
3.80	4.22	3.48	3.61	3.53	16	15	10	0	4.15	
7.80	8.64	7.35	1.58	6.34	23	8	10	0	4.46	
4.64	5.09	5.74	6.03	5.37	14	17	14	0	6.60	
1.77	2.19	2.96	4.80	2.93	9	22	13	0	4.97	
5.70	4.54	4.25	5.09	4.90	14	17	10	0	5.76	
3.26	4.45	4.94	5.97	4.66	15	16	9	0	3.72	[the 10th to 14th.
1.24	4.76	5.57	3.61	3.79	10	16	8	0	7.66	No observations from
2.25	2.11	5.66	4.14	3.54	12	15	8	0	8.07	Last 27 days.
3.54	4.35	6.32	6.13	5.09	18	13	9	0	6.88	
3.06	2.83	3.64	4.77	3.72	13	18	8	0	4.10	
3.32	3.58	5.16	5.03	4.27	16	15	8	0	2.83	
2.12	3.88	6.61	5.09	4.42	16	15	7	0	5.02	
2.96	3.67	5.80	6.58	4.75	15	16	8	0	3.88	
2.81	3.06	4.87	5.55	4.07	12	19	8	0	2.53	
3.70	4.35	4.80	4.83	4.42	13	18	7	0	2.65	
 
544
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH  OF  MAY, 1854.
STATIONS.
THERMOMETER.
Fort Fillmore......
Fort Thorne......
Fort Craig.........
Albuquerque.......
Santa Fe..........
Fort Union........
Fort Massachusetts.
Fort Defiance......
Fort Yuma........
San Diego ........
Fort Miller........
San Francisco.....
Benicia Barracks ..
Fort Reading.....,
Fort Humboldt---
Fort Jones.......
Fort Vancouver ...
Fort Dalles.......
 Fort Steilacoom ...
54.80
49.35
47.77
49.35
44.06
39.61
34.06
35.83
60.25
53.09
58.35
48.83
49.48
57.32
47.54
42.56
51.77
46.93
46.22
Mean Temperature.
70.48
74.06
62.74
64.32
56.48
57.35
57.94
54.93
76.22
64.06
66.32
54.90
55.32
67.61
56.22
52.32
59.45
61.16
55.19
3 P. M.   9 P. M.
81.90
87.54
82.16
78.25
65.96
64.54
61.82
64.83
87.25
69.25
75.61
60.93
67.77
77.45
63.22
69.80
67.19
70.03
66.90
67.16
57.27
61.56
57.96
50.22
48.32
43.82
48.64
72.77
56.38
66.90
49.58
53.00
65.32
48.77
49.51
50.32
57.64
53.96
68.59
67.06
63.56
62.47
54.18
52.46
49.41
51.08
74.12
60.69
66.80
53.56
56.40
66.92
53.94
53.55
57.18
58.94
55.57
 92
102
 93
 91
 79
 76
 73
 77
101
65
78
91
71
94?
88
92
84
Range.
Max.   Min.
Above.
mean
49	23.4
43	34.9
38	29.4
42	28.5
36	24.8
30	23.5
25	23.6
19	25.9
46	26.9
39	17.3
46	21.2
43	11.4
42	21.6
44	24.1
32	17.1
31	30.4?
44	30.8
39	33.1
40	28.4
Below
mean. 
50
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f>46
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF JUNE, 1854.
THERMOMETER.
STATIONS.
Fort Independence...
Fort Hamilton......
Fort Columbus.......
West Point..........
Watervliet Arsenal ..
Fort Niagara........
Alleghany Arsenal...
Fort McHenry.......
Fort Monroe.........
Fort Moultrie.......
Fort Capron........
Key West.........
Fort Myers...........
Fort Brooke...........
 Fort Meade...........
 Fort Barrancas........
 Mount Vernon Arsenal.
 Baton Rouge..........
 Fort Washita..........
 Fort Smith...........■
 Fort Gibson..........■
 Jefferson Barracks.....
 St. Louis Arsenal.....
 Newport Barracks.....
 Fort Mackinac.......
 Fort Brady..........
 Fort Snelling.........
 Fort Ripley..........
 Fort Ridgely.........
 Fort Leavenworth.....
 Fort Riley...........
 Fort Kearney.........
 Fort Laramie.........
 Fort Arbuckle........
 Fort Belknap.........
 T^rt Chadbourne......
 Fort McKavett.......
 Fort Merrill..........
 Corpus  Christi........
 Fort Ewell...........
 Fort Brown..........
 Ringgold Barracks....
 Fort Mcintosh........
 Fort Inge............
 Fort Duncan.........
 Fort Clarke...........
 Fort Fillmore.........
Mean Temperature.
Range.
S. R.    9 A. M.
60.83
63.20
C2.60
62.20
60.66
61.66
61.40
66.23
70.93
73.76
75.73
80.46
75.93
74.20
72.47
74.26
72.26
74,15
68.56
68.43
68.40
 68.26
 67.13
 66.23
 54.50
 50.00
 61.80
 52.86
 60.70
 64.10
 64.50
 59.90
 60.23
 66.00
 70.43
 65.93
 71.67
 73.76
 81.23
 74.50
 78.46
 76.63
 76.36
 74.34
 74.87
 73.53
 67.53
3 P. M.  . 9 P. M. |  Mean.
64.74
68.23
6^.23
69.23
68.96
67.16
73.73
72.26
76.67
81.10
86.26
84.07
85.13
81.83
80.93
83.10
81.13
81.33
75.76
73.16
77.36
78.33
72.37
 71.13
 61.53
 66.17
 73.30
 69.10
 74.03
 73.60
 71.63
 70.53
 67.30
 77.23
 79.53
 72.33
 75.37
 83.06
 84.90
 82.66
 86.10
 85.06
 83.66
 S3.23
 81.30
 78.56
 81.00
73.46
75.66 ;
76.60
74.20
74.90
74.13
80.36
78.46
81.43
82.10 j
87.10 j
85.93 j
88.33 j
87.66
85.13
87.26 !
87.73
87.40
83.56
83.30
84.20
83.75
87.93
 78.60
 67.03
 72.80
 77.33
 76.26
 79.47
 81.56
 81.60
 78.76
 75.46
 84.36
 89.26
 82.06
 83.13
 93.93
 85.13
 91.20
 89.40
 92.16
 92.96
 90.46
 90.38
 87.86
 94.73
64.63
67.66
66.53
66.63
63.90
62.37
69.13
71.00
79.77
77.23
79.26
82.90
80.00
78.33
77.87
79.33
75.56
79.56
74.03
77.03
73.00
68.80
71.57
72.56
56.80
53.18
 67.60
 57.83
 67.90
 72.16
 72.93
 66.50
 67.93
 72.26
 75.83
 64.83
 77.03
 83.53
 81.83
 78.10
 80.73
 83.36
 81.76
 79.63
 80.93
 79.30
 79.20
Max.   Min.
Above
mean.
65.91
68.69
68.49
68.06
67.10
67.58
71.15
72.00
77.20
78.55
32.09
83.34
82.35
80.51
79.10
81.00
79.17
80.61
75.48
75.48
75.74
74.78
74.75
72.13
59.96
 60.54
 70.01
 64.01
 70.52
 72.85
 72.66
 68.92
 67.73
 74.96
 78.79
 74.00
 76.80
 84.82
 83.27
 81.61
 83.67
 84.30
 83.69
 81.91
 81.87
 79.81
 80.61
85
87
88
83
83
92
95
95
96
93
94
90
94
92
91
104
97
95
95
 93
 95
 99
103
 91
 82
 89
 93
 91
 91
 93
102
 92
 93
 98
 96
 94
 90
100
 89
 95
 96
 100
 100
  97
  98
  93
 106
53
54
51
51
46
52
40
52
57
53
70
78
73
68
67
65
64
66
56
57
54
51
50
52
46
38
 41
 34
 42
 46
 47
 46
 48
 55
 59
 59
 65
 74
 78
 68
 72
 71
 70
 67
 67
 63
 53
19.1
18.3
19.5
15.0
15.9
24.4
23.9
23.0
18.8
14.4
11.9
 6.7
11.7
11.5
11.9
23.0
17.8
14.4
19.5
17.5
19.3
24.2
28.3
18.9
22.0
28.5
23.0
27.0
20.5
 20.2.
 29.3
 23.1
 25.3
 23.0
 17.2
 20.0
 13.2
 15.2
  5.7
 13.4
 12.3
 15.7
 16.3
 15.1
 16.1
 13.2
 25.4
Below
mean,
12.9
14.7
17.5
17.0
21.1
15.6
31.1
20.0
20.2
25.6
12.1
 5.3
 9.3
12.5
12.1
16.0
15.2
14.6
19.5
18.5
21.7
23.8
24.7
20.1
14.0
22.5
29.0
30.0
28.5
26.8
25.7
 22.9
 19.7
 20.0
 19.8
 15.0
 11.8
 10.8
  5.3
 13.6
 11.7
 13.3
 13.7
 14.9
 14.9
 11.8
 27.6 
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Pair.

Cloudy

Rain.

Snow.
Am't in inches.
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548
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
STATIONS.
Fort Thorne........
Fort Craig.........
Albuquerque........
Santa Fe...........■
Fort Union..........
Fort Massachusetts .
Fort Defiance.......
Fort Yuma.........
San Diego].........
Fort Miller.........
San Francisco......
Benicia Barracks....
Fort Reading.......
Fort Humboldt.....
Fort Jones.........
Fort'.Vancouver ....
Fort Dalles........
Fort Steilacoom.....
MONTH  OF  JUNE, 1854.
TllKUMOMETEIt.
Mean Temperature.
p. R.  i  9 A.M.   3 P.M.  i  9 P.M.   Mean.   Max.
49.53
60.60
59.03
56.60
46.77
41.53
45.46
73.33
57.13
62.03
50.93
54.26
60.80
51.50
49.18
54.60
53.63
51.50
83.63
77.50
74.80
68.13
63.70
64.00
68.33
84.77
69.33
76.70
56.56
61.03
73.16
60.56
59.10
57.30
66.26
59.00
98.71
94.30
91.03
79.13
71.93
71.24
77.23
98.50
73.48
89.46
62.30
73.70
83.80
67.40
68.83
65.60
72.90
71.30
57.59
69.66
70.46
68.86
57.40
53.23
58.60
85.00
60.20
76.50
51.43
60.80
72.13
52.70
57.93
49.90
61.26
54.03
72.37
75.51
73.83
68.18
59.95
57.50
62.40
85.40
65.04
76.17
55.30
62.45
72.47
58.04
58.76
56.85
63.51
58.96
113
102
102
 92
 86
 89
 92
113
 93
102
 66
 95
 96
 78
 80
 86
 88
 86
39
45
51
45
39
31
30
59
48
53
49
49
54
40
42
46
41
44
Above
Mean.
40.6
26.5
28.2
23.8
26.1
31.5
29.6
28.6
28.0
25.8
10.7
32.6
23.5
20.0
21.2
29.1
24.5
27.0
Below
Mean.
33.4
30.5
22.8
23.2
20.9
26.5
32.4
26.4
17.0
23.2
 6.3
13.4
18.5
18.0
16.8
10.9
22.5
15.0
WINDS.
No. of Observations
 3   4
17  24
79
8	5	7	7
34	16	29	9
31	4	6	0
18	1	1	1
6	4	5	5
8	12	14	8
0	2	4	6
2	0	0	0
0	0	0	0
58	2	2	2
42	0	0	0
65	26	39	9
1	0	0	0
0	3	6	5
5	1	1	8
  At Fort Chadbourne the mean is computed from the observations at sunrise and 3 p. m.; those at 9 p. m. being apparently m error.
  At Fort Thorne the great daily range is mainly due to the local influences prevailing at elevated positions in the mountain reg.ons
of New Mexico, but the exposure of the thermometer appears defective also, and  some of the readings in error. 
\
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Cloudy


Rain.


Snow.
Am't in inches,
td
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td
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td
td
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td
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554
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
MONTH OF  AUGUST,  1854.
STATIONS.
Fort Independence..
Fort Hamilton.........
Fort Columbus.........
West Point............
Watervliet Arsenal.....
Fort Niagara..........
Alleghany Arsenal----
Carlisle Barracks.....
Fort McHenry........
Fort Monroe.........
Fort Moultrie.........
Fort Capron.........
Key West...........
 Fort Myers...........
 Fort Brooke..........
 Fort Meade..........
 Fort Barrancas.......
 Mount Vernon Arsenal
 Baton Rouge.........
 Fort Washita.........
 Fort Smith...........
THERMOMETER.
Mean Temperature.
Range.
9 A. M.
                       64.67
                       69.16
                       67.32
                       65.64
                       59.48
                       63.19
                       66.22
                       63.70
                       70.51
                       76.51
                       77.75
                       75.77
                       81.06
                        76.51
                        75.19
                        74.30
                        77.58
                        75.51
                        76.00
                        74.03
                        73.93
Fort Gibson...........j  74.14
                        72.35
                        71.23
                        71.22
                        59.64
                        53.06
                        60.32
                        57.12
                        66.G7
                        68.19
                        75.86
                         65.06
                         68.35
                         75.61
                         77.61
                         70.00
                         72.74
                         74.35
                         80.96
3 P. M.   9 P. M.
Jefferson Barracks ..
St. Louis Arsenal...
Newport Barracks...
Fort Mackinac......
Fort Brady.........
FortSnelling.......
Fort Ripley.........
Fort Ridgely.......
Fort Leavenworth ..
Fort Riley........
Fort Kearney.......
Fort Laramie.......
Fort Arbuckle.....
Fort Belknap......
Fort Chadbourne--
Fort McKavett---
Fort Merrill.......
Corpus Christi.....
Fort Ewell............,  73.64
Fort Brown...........  75.77
Ringgold Barracks......!  74.51
Fort Mcintosh.........'  72.22
Fort Inge.............!  73.90
Fort Duncan..........|  74.16
 Fort Clarke..........   73.93
69.38
74.03
72.61
74.32
71.58
70.42
77.16
74.19
74.80
80.00
83.09
87.70
84.19
 84.93
 80.80
 82.71
 87.48
 79.74
 83.06
 83.96
 80.54
 87.38
 82.90
 79.51
 76.70
 67.77
 65.38
 72.87
 70.09
 77.32
 82.90
 84.09
 78.19
  75.12
  81.35
  89.16
  84.19
  78.45
  88.22
i  83.61
j  65.87
  65.22
  85.83
  66.77
j  85.90
|  85.77
  n3.64
77.35
81.90
79.80
79.87
79.16
76.78
88.41
84.03
81.67
84.20
86.80
89.22
83.06
86.48
84.25
84.84
89.93
89.48
87.30
93.90
 93.22
 96.77
 92.00
 96. 4-j
 86.45
 70.64
 70.64
 80.80
 78.87
 83.45
 91.19
 93.19
 88.77
 85.16
 95.54
 96.41
 96.06
 88.26
 94.99
  88.22
  94.32
  87.74
  90.48
  93.70
  94.10
  95.87
  94.67
68.41
73.58
71.77
71.16
68.84
68.10
74.74
72.51
74.83
77.48
81.74
80.77
82.07
79.48
78.12
78.10
81.42
79.96
79.74
81.70
 83.12
 82.48
 81.25
 78.03
 78.16
 60.83
 56.00
 70.51
 64.93
 71.74
 74.22
 85.87
 72.40
 77.22
 83.29
 83.63
 81.51
 60.97
 80.00
 83.67
  76.06
  79.25
  81.22
  82.29
  81.90
  84.10
  63.48
69.70
74.67
72.88
72.75
69.77
69.62
76.38
73.61
75.45
79.55
82.37
83.37
82.59
81.85
79.59
79.99
84.10
81.17
81.52
 83.40
 82.70
 85.20
 82.12
 81.30
 78.13
 62.47
 61.27
 71.12
 67.78
 74.80
 79.10
 84.78
 76.10
 76.46
 83.95
 80.75
 82.94
 80.10
 84.39
 84.61
  83.22
  82.00
  83.01
  84.50
  83.95
  84.98
  83.93
86
91
90
94
86
93
96
96
92
96
93
95
89
93
90
92
102
 97
 92
102
102
105
102
106
 96
 81
 92
 95
 97
 96
103
105
 99
 94
 105
 101
 102
  93
  99
  90
  98
  92
  96
 101
 100
 101
 100
Above
mean.
56
62
58
55
54
55
53
47
61
71
70
71
78
73
72
70
74
72
73
69
68
 65
 58
 59
 58
 48
 44
 50
 34
 43
 56
 60
 49
 58
 68
 72
 66
  68
  68
  75
  70
16.3
16.3
17.1
21.3
16.2
23.4
19.6
22.4
16.5
16.4
10.6
11.6
 6.4
11.2
10.4
12.0
17.9
15.8
10.5
18.6
17.3
 19.8
 19.9
24.7
 17.9
 18.5
 30.7
23.9
 29.2
 21.2
 23.9
 20.2
 22.9
 17.5
 21.1
 20.3
 19.1
 12.9
 14.6
   5.4
  14.8
  10.0
Below
mean.
No. of Observations
70	13.0
72	16.5
70	16.1
70	16.0
' 71	16.1
13.7
12.7
14.9
17.7
15.8
14.6
23.4
26.6
14.5
 8.6
12.4
12.4
 4.6
 8.8
 8.6
10.0
10.1
 9.2
 8.5
 14.4
 14.7
 20.2
 24.1
 22.3
 20.1
 14.5
 17.3
 21.1
 33.8
 31.8
 23.1
 24.8
 27.1
 18.5
 15.9
   8.7
 16.9
 12.1
 16.4
   9.6
  13.2
  10.0
  13.0
  12.5
  13.9
  15.0
  12.9
22  22
 0   9
 2
 6
 1
15
 4
15
 3
19
 4
 0
 3
 4
24
  1
  7
  0
  0
  2
  1
  0
  0
  0
  3
  0
  0
 1
84
10
12
32
 3
30
 0
28
 2
 0
21
 1
32
34
 2
24
19
10
14
  2
  9
  3
 14
  9
 25
 10
 32
  6
  0
  3
  5
 28
  3
  8
  0
  0
  3
  1
  0
  0
  0
  3
   0
   0
26
 6
 0
 4
11
 2
27
30
12
 3
21
21
 6
 2
15
21
 6
 3
  3
  0
  1
  9
  9
  8
  2
  2
 20
  7
  3
  2
  6
  0
  6
48
10
43
14
 0
 4
17
 5
69
99
43
 7
64
33
 9
 7
26
35
 11
  6
  5
  0
  2
 17
 14
 25
  3
  3
 41
 17
  6
  6
  6
  0
 12
 26
  8
  18
  0
 3
 0
 2
 1
 7
 6
12
21
10
27
 9
22
35
12
43
41
 4
 7
65
  7
45
  7
  7
 20
 15
 23
 22
  5
  1
  6
 27
  5
 15
 71
  8
  3
  19
  20
  1
 0
 6
 3
 13
 16
 16
 43
 17
 39
 30
 67
118
 19
 71
 87
  8
 10
138
 12
 79
  8
  9
 39
 23
 61
 50
  9
  3
  12
  43
  7
  24
  82
  12
   7
  23
  49
   1
0	3
0	26
4	11
5	10
27	19
5	4
0	40
14 ! 32
     7
    53
    15
    17
    27
    10
    86 
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
555
										MONTH OF AUGUST, 1854.											
WINDS.										!	WEATHER.					RAIN AND SNOW.					
and sum of force.									N. w.		Mean clearness of sky.					Days.		Days	.	.5	REMARKS.
a. e. S.					s. w.		w.				S. R. 9 A. M. 3 P. M. 9 P. M.				VIean.	u 3	>. •a 0 o	0 3	r-o a	2	
	8 19															■**	5	rt	Ul	<	
f			7	18	33	79	19	37	19 , 50		4.70	5.38	4.83	5.00	4.98	19	12	4	0	0.50	
	15	22	0	0	38	50	0	0	62 76		5.96	4.03	7.77	5.90	5.91	24	7	4	0	0.26	
	8	15	8	20	34	98	15	26	24 51		5.51	6.48	5.58	7.09	6.17	21	10	6	0	1.03	
	17 j	46	40	25	5	12 8		26	11	32	5.83	6.70	5.83	6.51	6.22	20	11	7	0	0.46	
	8	23	29	87	6	20	8	35	6	21	7.56	8.60	7.20	6.10	7.37	22	9	5	0	0.84	Inaccurate.
	10	11	22	32	53 1	36	12	25	4	10 j	2.03	3.74	4.71	3.49	3.49	15	16	6	0	1.52	
	11	22	18	48	15	40 8		26	6	11	5.64	6.83	5.83	7.12	6.36	24	7	7	0 *.13		
	5	8	6	8	16 44 21			48	13	40	4.93	4.58	4.93	5.29	4.93	17	14	5	0	1.49	
	9	18 7		17	22	43	17	33	10	21	5.16	5.54	6.19	5.96	5.74	22	9	5	0	3.00	
	0	0	1	1	56	67	0	0	0	0	7.00	7.30	7.41	6.88	7.15	25	6	5	0	0.60	Inaccurate; rain in
	0	0	19	62	29	111	31	92	9	23	4.67	5.06	5.93	6.41	5.52	19	12	13	0	3.82	[complete.
	32	49	2	3	27	30	7	11	4	8	4.16	3.90	4.06	6.12	4.56	16	15	6	0	2.63	
	54 171		1	1	8	27	0	0	1	2	3.83	4.25	4.25	6.41	4.69	18	13	18	0	5.83	
	1	1	8	18	11	23	1	2	3	5	7.90	5.50	3.48	7.83	6.18	24	7	15	0	9.90	
	17	32	13	17	19	41	11	22 \ 2		4	6.45	7.00	4.77	5.25	5.87	20	11	19	0	11.23	
	4	7	17	36	1	1	17	22	3	4	1.71	3.65	2.74	4.00	3.02	11	20	21	0	10.20	
	2	3	14	24	14	22	32	65	25	41	1.67	3.58	3.67	6.19	3.78	16	15	15	0	6.81	
	36	55	3	6	10	15	6	10	29	54	6.19	6.00	4.58	6.87	5.91	22	9	9	0	2.29	
	2	3	3	5	7	16	14	30	6	12	4.06	3.96	1.51	3.41	3.24	11	20	11	0	7.41	
	33	68	52	200	5	8	8	9	0	0	5.87	6.48	5.61	8.38	6.59	22	9	5	0	1.39	
	12	16	23	45	12	25	3	3	0	0	5.51	5.80	4.48	5.93	5.43	18	13	7	0	0.88	
	31	57	49	88	3	3	0	0	1	2	5.90	6.22	4.12	8.22	6.11	19	12	4	0	0.33	
	7 10 18			25	4	5	33	31	8	13	4.70	6.32	6.00	6.35	5.84	21	10	5	0	1.47	
	5 5 i 13			17	6	7	24	58	0	0	6.87	7.55	6.64	2.26	5.83	23	8	4	0	1.48	
	4	4 0		0	23	25	7	9	2	3	7.51	8.00	6.87	9.61	8.00	25	6	3	0	1.55	
	6	13 18		42	3	9	18	58	17	41	4.90	4.74	5.87	6.19	5.42	22	9	9	C | 4.26		
	2	5 | 21		64	9	31	29	106	2	9	6.13	6.00	5.90	6.10	6.03	22	9	10	0	3.86	Inaccurate.
	9	15 38		78	12	23	18	30	7	10	4.80	6.64	5.80	5.12	5.59	21	10	6	0	1.75	
	56 152 6			19	10	25	8	22	16	37	5.25	5.70	5.70	7.35	6.00	22	9	6	0	1.69	
	11 1 21 ! 29			63	26	64	9	17	13	26	5.12	5.64	5.51	6.87	5.79	21	10	9	0	2.28	
	28	62	35	76	5	9	3	6	3	6	6.35	7.51	7.48	6.64	6.97	23	8	5	0	1.07	
	9	16	56	89	20	39	16	25	0	0	8.87	8.96	9.03	8.20	8.89	29	2	1	0	| 1.65	
	13	26	16	24	17	27	43	69	4	4	3.12	6.41	6.45	7.16	5.79	23	8	6	0 1.18		
	0	0	2	4	0	0	30	43	0	0	6.16	7.77	7.80	1.54	5.82	21	10	4	0	1.27	
	6	11	20	42	5	6	10	11	10	10	7.83	8.38	7.35	8.51	8.02	26	5	4	0	2.14	
	78	241	27	83	3	11	0	0	0	0	3.29	3.93	4.51	7.64	4.84	17	14	2	0	0.75	
	10	14	4	4	4	7	1	1	4	9	8.22	7.35	6.83	6.47	7.22	25	6	5	0	4.30	
	59	149	19	48	6	10	1	1	0	0	7.52	7.00	5.71	9.10	7.33	26	5	3	0	0.04	
	40 56		12	12	2	2	0	0	0	0	0.61	6.51	6.80	8.74	5.66	24	7	8	0	3.13	
	63 jl47		2	4	2	2	3	3	0	0	6.19	5.09	7.03	8.51	6.71	24	7	7	0	3.68	
	68 129		13	36	0	0	0	0	0	0	7.48	7.00	6.19	9.64	7.58	28	3	7	0	3.21	
	22	| 64	24	33	24	47	13	28	2	5	4.67	4.83	4.87	6.77	5.29	20	11	9	0	5.00	
	76	175	23	62	3	8	0	0	0	0	7.87	5.87	4.90	8.54	6.79	26	5	7	0	1.85	
	96	189	5	7	o	0	o	0	0	0	7.97	6.48	4.96	10.00	7.35	26	5	2	0	0.20	
	61	168	1 8	21 | 0		0	I °	0	0	0	5.38	4.54	4.61	8.77	5.82	23	8	8	0	1.67	
	112 265		1 0 1 0 | 0			0	0	0	0	o	6.02	5.85	4.77	8.42	6.26	23	8	6	0	0.90	
	57	1159	21	1 51	1 1	1 3	1 0	0	0	! o	6.22	6.00	6.03	7.32	6.39	24	7	2	, 0	' 0.95	
 
556
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
MONTH OF  AUGUST,  1854.
THERMOMETER.
STATIONS.
Fort Bliss.............   72.48
Fort Fillmore..........j   72.48
Fort Thorne..........   55.23
Fort Craig............   64.61
Albuquerque..........   65.29
Santa Fe..............  ^58.32
Fort Union............|  *52.90
Fort Massachusetts ....   50.83
Fort Defiance.........   54.83
Fort Yuma............i   82.87
San Diego............   66.55
San Francisco.........   52.61
Benicia Barracks.......   53.74
Mean Temperature.
S. R.    9 A. M. '  3 P. M.   9 P. M.    Mean.   Max.   Min.
Fort Reading...
Fort Humboldt.
Fort Jones.....
Fort Orford___
Fort Vancouver
Fort Dalles---
                        64.50
                        52.35
                        56.16
                        53.35
                        59.16
                        58.58
Fort Steilacoom.......  52.00
81.05
80.74
77.45
86.45
74.80
68.72
68.35
68.80
67.77
89.54
77.51
56.54
62.80
80.21
60.12
68.64
62.08
62.77
71.32
62.58
8S.90
92.80
92.67
90.74
92.29
78.09
71.87
75.54
75.51
99.77
82.45
64.09
79.36
95.10
65.03
83.69
65.70
85.54
82.77
76.74
76.20
78.93
70.32
73.61
73.19
65.80
62.09
56.19
61.74
90.29
66.42
53.35
61.80
79.24
54.12
66.14
56.90
56.54
72.70
59.90
79.66
81.24
73.92
78.85
76.39
67.73
63.80
62.84
64.96
90.62
73.23
56.65
64.42
79.76
57.90
68.66
59.50
66.00
71.34
62.80
 98
100
105
103
 99
 88
 82
 85
 87
109
 94
 72
 99
107
 73
100
 78
 96
100
 94
Range.
68
68
50
59
60
54
48
43
46
77
56
50
50
51
49
41
45
52
50
45
18.3
18.8
31.1
24.2
22.6
20.3
18.2
22.2
22.0
18.4
20.8
15.4
34.6
27.2
15.1
31.3
18.5
30.0
28.7
31.2
Below
mean.
11.7
13.2
23.9
19.8
16.4
13.7
15.8
19.8
19.0
13.6
17.2
16.6
14.4
28.8
 8.9
27.7
14.5
14.0
21.3
17.8
WINDS.
No. of Observations
N.		N. E.		E.	
o ; o		14 29		10	11
5|11		0 0		9 23	
19 39		17 32		34 45	
H	14	20 26		27	34
9	23	4 13		16	18
9	14	20 24		16	18
4	6	2 | 4		3	3
32	46	2	4	7	15
10	12	0	0	0	0
5	8	11	11	32	43
2	5	6	27	10	15
2	3	0	0	0	0
0	0	0	0	0	0
23	29	0	0	0	0
1	2	0	0	1	2
22	27	7	8	1	1
1	2	0	0	0	0
1	2	2	3	0	0
2	4	5	5	3	4
18	53	0	0	3	6
 
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METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
559
	MONTH OF SEPTEMBER, 1854.																				
WINDS.											WEATHER. RAIN AND . 1									SNOW. 1	
aud sum of force.											Mean clearness of sky.					. Day	s. Day § c a ' '5 Oi 3i		s.		REMARKS.
	S. E. 8 , 14 '		S.		s. w. w.				N. W.		S. R.	) A. M.	3 P. M.	3 P.M.	Mean.	Cm			Snow. Am't in		
			2 4		18 43 24			62	19	40	4.70	4.83	5.73	5.53	5.20	18 !	12 ; 10		i 0 3.34		
	14 18 0 0				21 34		0	0	51	65 | 4.93		6.16	6.86	6.36	6.08	20 10 6			0 ! 3.50		
	7 17 10 i 27				33 84		14	18	14	36	5.06	5.20	5.43	7.03	5.68	19	11 5		0 1.90		
	9 23 42 122				2 4		3	14	8	21	5.03	6.33	6.63	7.30	6.32	20	10 8		0 4.00		
	6 8 ; 49 168				1 2		6	21	7	22	6.30	7.97	8.30	5.59	7.04	20	10 7		0 2.82		
	12 23 8 10				41 78		18	32	7	20	4.30	4.87	6.10	4.10	4.84	14	16 11		0 2.61		
	3 5 20 60				11 28		4	11	11	30	4.50	6.40	5.83	6.40	5.78	20	10	4	0	1.76	
	17	31	9	19	12	32	6	20	9	25	4.50	5.06	5.16	6.13	5.21	17	13	4	0	0.78	
	12	20	4	12	24	36	27	36	8	11	5.06	6.80	6.13	6.23	6.06	20	10	4	0	4.10	
	0	0	3	16	43	86	0	0	2	6	7.33	8.20	7.00	6.00	7.13	24	6	5	0	1.00?	
	12	44	17	60	5	26	7	16	14	29	3.83	5.06	4.36	4.86	4.53	18	12	9	0	9.24	
	20	64	8	18	11	36	9	27	10	31	3.10	3.13	3.26	3.00	3.12	9	21?	12	0	3.30?	
	26	82	1	o	12	30	1	4	7	21	3.63	4.20	4.80	6.20	4.71	15	16	11	0	9.70	
	2	3	9 27		17	50	0	0	0	0	8.60	8.43	4.63	7.76	6.60	24	6	5	0	1.50	
	26	53	8 [ 10		14	32	18	67	6	13	6.06	6.70	5.03	6.63	6.11	24	6	11	0	4.68	
	1	4	13	37	1	6	20	49	3	9	1.10	3.83	3.97	5.20	3.52	10	20	14	0	2.99	Clearness in error.
	12	14	9	18	9	11	8	18	28	37	1.80	3.23	3.20	4.86	3.27	15	15	9	0	3.47	Clearness in error.
	35 54 2			2	5	9	4	9	14	31	5.66	5.04	3.03	5.01	4.69	17	13	10	0	6.82	
	7	16	4	9	0 0		3	8	1	2	2.83	2.73	1.90	4.06	2.88	7	23	14	0	9.88	
	23	47	49	84	4 , 10		0	0	0	0	4.60	4.46	4.06	6.80	4.98	15	15	6	0	1.17	
	23	41	15	40	8	25	1	5	2	5	5.23	4.80	4.03	5.20	4.81	17	13	9	0	3.53	
	12	23	46	106	9	11	0	0	0	0	4.80	5.00	4.16	7.20	5.29	16	14	7	0	0.68	
	9	14	16	28	6 14		25	48	7	12	5.40	5.16	5.61	6.16	5.58	22	8	4	0	3.41	
	8	10	11	18	14	27	14	33	0	0	7.13	6.33	6.10	2.23	5.45	20	10	5	0	1.35	
	1	1	0	0	4	5	20	28	2	3	8.30	6.80	7.63	9.16	7.97	24	6	4	0	2.00	
	10 24		17	54	11	39	28	97	16	47	3.63	4.13	5.41	4.53	4.42	15	15	11	0	3.22	
	5 12 i 25			67	6	14	13	44	8	27	5.50	5.22	5.80	5.23	5.44	20	10	16	0	3.18	Inaccurate
	12 25 | 51			114	6	14	6	10	11	30	4.46	5.36	3.96	5.93	4.93	15	15 j 13		0	6.55	
	46 108 [ 14			34	16	33	5	13	16	41	4.48	4.36	5.36	6.11	5.08	18	12 13		0	4.40	
	19 57 j 38			93	25	66	9	21	8	19	4.03	4.53	3.66	4.56	4.19	12	18	8	0	2.58	
	11	17 37		92	6	10	2	2	2	6	6.17	6.53	6.80	7.03	6.63	23	7	7	0	2.11	
	9	12	55	82	26	42	8	12	0	0	8.63	8.53	7.56	8.86	8.39	26	4	3	0	1.85	
	12	17	11	20	19	45	27	59	7	9	2.53	4.90	6.03	7.16	5.13	18	12	8	0	4.60	
	1	1	17	21	7	10	27	31	1	1	5.06	7.53	7.53	1.83	5.49	21	9	5	0	1.40	
	14 33		33	40	3	13	9	10	4	4	6.76	6.53	6.36	8.13	6.95	23	7	6	0	2.12	
	64 :206 i 14			36	7	20	0	0	1	2	2.16	2.03	2.13	4.04	2.59	7	23	8	0	1.53	
	7 24 2			3	1	1	9	21	4	15	4.96	5.66	4.86	4.80	5.07	16	14	7	0	4.09	
	51 102 16			50	3	6	1	1	4	6	6.30	4.97	4.87	7.30	2.59	19	11	5	0	3.86	
	54 66 | 8			8	0	0	0	0	8	18	1.70	4.66	5.00	5.40	4.19	17	13	7	0	5.01	
	39 125		0	0	0	0	2	2	0	0	5.06	4.33	4.40	6.06	4.96	18	12 6		0	6.82	
	51 107		8	26	1	1	1	4	13	39	4.20	5.03	5.46	7.63	5.58	20	10	7	0	4.68	
	18 30		13	14	17	28	14	20	6	10	4.43	4.16	3.70	5.26	4.39	17	13	8	0 11.31		
	75 jlOl ! 6			10	4	8	3	6	8	14	5.10	4.90	4.20	5.73	4.98	16	14	4	0 3.02		
	45 ,148		1 7	12	0	0	0	0	13	29	4.70	4.53	4.16	8.46	' 7.96	16	14	9	0	5.34	
	36	106	3	10	0	0	0	0	1	3	2.90	3.86	5.26	7.63	4.91	15	15	6	0	4.80	
	70 158 0			I o	0	0	1	1	1	3	2.46	5.20	5.70	7.73	5.27	21	9	5	0	4.81	
	58	173	i 3	! 12	6	16	o	0	5	15	1 4.53	5.13	4.83	7.63	5.53	20	10	1 5	0	3.49	
 
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METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER.
563
									MONTH OF OCTOBER, 1854.											
				WINDS.						WEATHER. 1 RAIN AND SNOW.										
and sum of force.										Mean cleai-ness of sky.					Days.		Daj c, 'ei	S. ; ~		REMARKS.
S. E.		S.		S. W.		W		N. W.		S. R.	9 A.M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	ft	i>> n 0 o TO		O 0 Ul	0 1 <	
7	11	9	18	19	39	14	37	38	62	1.70	3.23	3.54	2.35	2.71	8	23	10	0	\ 1.47	
24	24	0	0	25	31	0	0	49	81	5.54	5.54	5.70	6.83	5.90	17	14	10	0	1.19	
15	29	51	10	27	49	10	20	27	66	5.16	5.06	5.61 7.41		5.81	18	13	7	0	1.80	
4	10	35	91	9	19	10	28	13	33	5.64	6.19	5.22	6.38	5.86	19	12	8	0	1.98	
6	17	37	106	15	49	8	26	11	41	4.06	5.67	6.01	5.56	5.52	17	14	9	0	2.05	Inaccurate.
8	8	13	14	8	10	19	31	20	82	3.29	3.29	2.91	0.90	2.60	10	18	8	0	0.82	First 3 days not ob-
3	3	9	28	18	46	19	62	2	3	2.35	4.54	4.96	5.67	4.38	18	13	13	0	2.89	served.
18	30	26	41	11	27	18	39	7	20	4.29	4.19	5.29	5.77	4.88	13	18	8	0	0.93?	
6	23	8	20	20	32	25	40	22	54	4.64	5.45	5.83	6.12	5.51	17	14	10	0	7.10?	
0	0	0	0	56	126	0	0	0	0	6.53	7.35	8.00	6.77	7.16	24	7	6	0	1.80 ?j	Inaccurate.
3	4	7	13	9	32	12	29	5	12	5.45	6.84	7.16	7.81	6.81	25	6	4	0	1.12	
11	44	1	3	9	16	7	13	9	16	4.03	4.19	4.07	4.07	4.09	13	18	18	0	5.47	
18	41	0	0	1	1	1	1	8	14	3.41	4.61	4.16	7.12	4.82	17	14	12	0	4.73	
4	8	4	10	3	8	1	3	3	4	7.16	6.45	5.03	7.35	4.50	24	7	6	0	0.35	
12	20	4	5	8	17	9	22	15	35	5.67	6.00	5.83	7.35	6.21	26	5	5	0	1.77	
1	4	11	23	0	0	16	31	10	19	1.74 ! 3.19		3.87	5.80	3.65	5	26	5	0	2.34	
7	19	2	4	4	11	8	13	13	20	3.16	4.61	4.78	6.81	4.84	13	18	7	0	7.14?	Rain overmeasured.
26	48	5	6	6	12	9	17	12	25	5.77	7.00	6.03	7.74	6.64	20	11	5	0	0.81	
17	40	3	7	3	7	9	17	3	7	4.09	4.90	4.48	6.25	4.93	16	15	7	0	4.38	
29	66	29	61	8	14	3	4	15	21	5.38	5.22	5.58	6.54	5.68	19	12	8	0	1.19	
14	31	11	31	6	17	3	6	6	25	4.16	5.19	5.35	6.29	5.27	17	14	6	0	2.85	
16	24	43	94	1	1	1	2	7	8	5.03	4.71	5.03	6.77	5.39	17	14	7	0	1.58	
12	21	5	10	6	15	10	27	10	29	4.67	5.67	5.45	7.32	5.78	19	12	9	0	3.87	
5	6	18	24	16 26		21	32	6	13	7.39	7.42	7.19	2.52	6.13	19	12	7	0	3.00	
8	8	2	2	17	18	17	28	7	13	5.58	5.54	6.22	7.67	6.25	20	11	5	0	2.22	
14	42	16	58	6	20	25	67	25	76	2.83	3.22	4.06	4.12	3.56	8	23	11	1	2.28	
9	16	36	82	6	17	10 34		2	8	4.80	4.30	4.00	4.12	4.31	15	16	9	0	3.40	
8	10	26	51	11	22	3	8 14		40	4.87	4.90	5.00	6.87	5.41	16	15	7	0	1.23	
36	93	18	48	4	9	4	6 24		63	2.83	3.03	3.77	4.74	3.59	10	21	9	0	0.91	
31	85	9	21	7	18	8	15 ' 25		78	4.09	4.29	4.64	5.41	4.61	12	19	6	0	0.41	
10	20	16	43	7	12	15	25 ! 8		21	6.26	6.32	6.84	7.09	6.63	21	10	9	0	3.30	
5	10	17	34	68	136	4	23 12		37	5.74	5.74	6.80	7.00	6.32	17	14	1	0	0.02	
4	12	19	54	18	56	16	38 13		24	2.32	4.80	5.41	6.58	4.78	17	14	5	0	1.47	
1	1	9	9	9	13	36	47 4		5	6.38	6.64	7.38	1.60	5.50	19	12	4	1	1.86	
20	45	25	49	7	12	13	18 ! 4		6	6.35	6.83	7.35	8.51	7.26	24	7	4	0	0.58	
52	151	28	97	0	0	0	0| 7		36	4.29	4.27	4.21	7.00	4.94	19	12	4	0	0.59	
20	29	11	20	2	11	0	0	1	4	4.29	5.16	6.06	6.96	5.62	15	16	5	0	3.30"	i * "Approximate."
47	3U	21	64	6	13	8	16	1	3	4.55	4.03	6.39	9.00	5.99	19	12	4	0	0.79	
60	72	15	16	7	12	6	7	2	2	4.16	6.38	5.84	8.00	6.10	22	9	4	0	0.64	
37	48	5	8	11	12	0	0	6	6	5.74	4.90	4.41	6.43	5.37	19	12	8	0	5.79	
62	89	17	23	1	1	o	0	3	6	4.64	5.35	5.61	6.51	5.53	16	15	4	0	0.92	
68	132	5	10	1	1	o	0	9	13	6.03	7.25	6.06	9.32	7.17	28	3	3	0	0.35	
24	77	1	2	0	0	0	0	2	7	4.77	4.90	6.25	7.80	5.93	21	10	3	0	0.33	
72	149	0	0	0	0	I °	0	7	15	3.74	4.77	7.09	8.37	5.99	21	10	3	0	0.40	
70	207	2	8	0	0	2	6	11	33	5.00	5.61	6.48	9.09	6.55	24	7	3	0	0.55	
37	44	5	7	30	31	17	23	13	22	8.60	8.71	8.84	8.87	8.76	31	0	2	0	1.54	
13	47	2	3	i 48	102	18	55	1	6	9.19	9.16	9.06	9.03	9.11	' 31	0	4	0	0.39	
 
5G4
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER
MONTH OF OCTOBER, 1854.
Fort Thorne........
Fort Craig..........
Albuquerque.........
Santa Fe............
Fort Union..........
Cantonment Burgwin
Fort Massachusetts...
Fort Defiance........
Fort Yuma..........
San Diego..........
Fort Miller..........
San Francisco.......
Benicia Barracks
Fort Reading........
Fort Humboldt......
Fort Jones..........
Fort Orford.........,
Fort Vancouver
Fort Dalles........,
Fort Steilacoom ....,
S. R.
36.83
48.41
49.22
44.41
41.58
36.54
35.25
38.48
66.90
54.06
55.11
53.80
52.16
54.20
46.64
38.72
49.48
49.83
43.22
44.45
THERMOMETER.
WINDS.
Mean Temperature.
60.58
65.96
64.43
55.35
60.06
54.48
50.12
45.54
77.61
64.48
63.06
60.45
57.77
61.68
54.51
51.25
56.77
50.32
51.58
52.22
3 P. M.   9 P. M
85.80
84.22
75.64
67.19
68.32
65.74
57.09
68.44
88.58
73.35
77.14
65.74
67.32
70.51
61.10
62.16
61.67
56.12
64.09
62.51
57.31
61.00
61.22
55.29
48.03
44.83
41.32
43.12
75.90
60.06
64.16
55.93
58.38
62.54
49.74
47.87
52.38
51.59
52.64
47.74
Mean.
60.13
64.90
62.64
55.56
54.56
50.40
45.94
48.89
77.25
62.99
65.12
58.98
58.91
62.23
53.00
50.00
55.07
51.96
52.88
51.73
Range.
No. of Observations
Above.
mean
95
96
87
78
77
75
69
76
105
87
97
80
96
98
67
87
77
58?
 80
 74
25
33
34
30
25
24
18
29
52
44
46
49
47
46
36
25
39
46
26
30
34.9
31.1
24.4
22.4
22.4
24.6
23.1
27.1
27.8
24.0
31.9
21.0
37.1
35.8
14.0
37.0
21.9
 6.0
27.1
22.3
Below
mean.
N.
N.E.
35.1
31.9
28.6
25.6
29.6
26.4
27.9
21.9
25.2
19.0
19.1
10.0
11.9
16.2
17.0
25.0
16.1
 6.0
26.9
21.7
18
22
 6
 7
24
31
39
35
30
15
 0
 2
 6
35
 0
15
 0
 0
 3
18
40	28	56	2
61	11	11	9
18	33	96	13
15	15	27	19
39	9	11	4
73	8	17	0
58	1	3	1
74	12	24	0
46	19	31	13
28	7	13	7
0	6	8	27
6	6	13	3
12	3	4	8
60	14	19	0
0	0	0	0
18	1	1	3
0	0	0	0
0	0	0	0
3	9	11	2
53	2	4	4
 4
 0
19
28
 4
 0
 4
 0
16
15
36
 6
12
 0
 0
 6
 0
 0
 4 
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Am'  in inches.
x
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566
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
MONTH OF NOVEMBER, 1854.
THERMOMETER.
Fort Independence....
Fort Hamilton........
Fort Columbus.......
West Point...........
Watervliet Arsenal...
Fort Ontario.........
Alleghany  Arsenal....
Carlisle Barracks.....
Fort Delaware........
Fort McHenry........
Fort Monroe.........
Fort Moultrie........
Fort Capron..........
Key West...........
Fort Myers..........
Fort Brooke..........
Fort Meade..........
Fort Barrancas.......
Mount Vernon  Arsenal
Baton Rouge Barracks..
Fort Washita.......
Fort Smith.........
Fort Gibson........
Jefferson Barracks ..
St. Louis Arsenal...
Newport Barracks...
Fort Mackinac.....
Fort Brady.........
Fort Snelling.......
Fort Ripley........
Fort Ridgely.......
Fort Leavenworth...
Fort Riley.........
Fort Kearney......
Fort Laramie.......
Fort Arbuckle......
Fort Belknap.......
Fort Chadbourne ...
Fort McKavett.....
Fort Merrill........
Fort Brown........
Ringgold Barracks..
Fort Mcintosh......
Fort Inge..........
Fort Duncan.......
Fort Clarke........
Fort Davis.........
Mean Temperatui'e.
Range.
39.73
40.93
40.93
40.00
33.86
35.83
29.60
37.86
40.94
46.66
48.36
51.07
59.86
70.30
59.50
54.60
61.08
48.86
46.36
49.06
42.30
39.20
38.46
38.60
35.26
38.73
30.60
25.96
26.23
24.40
28.53
33.40
33.93
28.30
35.10
39.23
44.53
44.50
46.70
52.43
63.13
55.33
54.86
49.73
51.76
52.06
40.73
43.00
44.93
42.83
42.63-
39.86
40.60
39.13
41.36
45.86
54.56
55.23
54.63
68.90
73.23
66.90
63.30
70.42
57.96
55.06
55.65
49.03
44.40
45.70
43.16
39.53
40.63
33.66
31.60
32.33
29.00
32.56
40.47
39.66
36.96
39.93
48.96
57.07
59.70
54.63
62.23
72.13
65.36
64.13
62.80
59.40
60.63
56.01
3 P. M.
51.00
47.20
47.60
45.93
42.66
41.46
45.00
46.20
50.56
54.83
57.87
62.90
72.10
74.90
75.16
69.46
78.92
66.60
65.53
67.66
62.80
59.30
58.13
50.56
50.63
46.06
38.80
34.00
39.30
36.53
40.16
50.43
56.16
50.86
52.33
63.33
60.03
67.53
62.93
73.20
76.50
76.03
75.36
73.00
72.90
70.70
73.26
43.36
42.93
43.33
41.30
38.30
37.13
36.96
41.00
44.64
46.16
49.93
56.57
62.76
72.66
65.16
61.10
70.67
54.13
52.08
55.93
52.13
49.00
46.93
44.53
40.90
42.16
31.56
27.46
31.66
28.16
32.73
41.20
42.86
33.63
42.40
48.14
52.73
48.80
52.50
59.20
69.63
64.96
62.96
55.63
60.03
51.90
52.30
44.27
43.90
43.67
42.39
38.67
38.78
37.92
41.60
45.55
50.55
52.85
56.29
65.90
72.70
66.70
62.11
70.27
56.89
54.76
57.07
51.56
47.97
47.30
44.21
41.58
41.89
33.66
29.76
32.30
29.52
33.49
41.37
43.15
37.44
42.44
49.91
53.59
55.13
54.19
61.76
70.35
65.42
64.33
60.29
61.02
60.32
55.57
69
66
66
67
68
65
62
64
65
68
75
80
84
83
87
80
85
80
77
79
76
72
73
71
68
60
54
43
60
54
76
69
70
75
78
78
75
87
85
86
89
82
86
81
84
27
29
31
30
18
18
24
25
30
30
37
36
42
58
43
38
50
29
28
31
25
23
20
24
22
28
11
 1
11
 1
13
15
16
12
18
21
30
27
31
28
44
30
33
27
30
36
27
Above
Mean.
24.7
22.1
22.3
24.6
29.3
26.2
24.1
22.4
19.4
17.4
22.2
23.7
18.1
10.3
20.3
17.9
14.7
23.1
22.2
21.9
24,4
24.0
25.7
26.8
26.4
18.1
20.3
13.2
27.7
24.5
24.5
26.6
32.8
31.5
27.6
25.1
24.4
22.9
20.8
25.2
14.6
20.6
24.7
21.7
25.0
20.7
28.4 
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508
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER,
MONTH OF NOVEMBER, 1854.
STATIONS.
Fort Bliss...........
Fort Fillmore........
Fort Thorne........
Fort Craig..........
Albuquerque.........
Santa Fe............
Fort Union..........
Cantonment Burgwin
Fort Massachusetts ..
Fort Defiance.......
Fort Yuma.........,
San Diego...........
Fort Miller..........
San Francisco......,
Benicia Barracks
Fort Reading........
Fort Humboldt......
Fort Jones..........
Fort Orford.........
Fort Vancouver.....
Fort Dalles.........
Fort Steilacoom.....
Great Salt Lake City
THERMOMETER.
S. R.
38.87
40.00
24.33
34.23
32.93
31.83
30.43
22.16
20.90
26.90
54.60
47.36
48.97
50.53
47.93
42.21
42.37
29.48
47.93
51.83
38.40
42.70
29.56
Mean Temperature.
A. M.   3 P. M.
51.57
52.30
43.52
43.43
40.93
40.13
43.70
37.30
30.30
34.43
65.33
54.80
57.63
57.50
55.60
50.90
48.16
34.20
53.06
54.06
42.60
47.90
43.16
P. M.    Mean.
64.87
68.86
71.12
67.43
52.63
49.43
50.53
47.10
41.66
56.73
78.06
70.23
70.50
64.43
67.43
68.11
58.23
58.53
61.70
54.30
52.36
54.83
56.30
50.33
51.76
38.25
45.06
36.16
38.63
35.27
33.00
26.23
34.29
66.16
54.20
56.63
53.30
54.66
54.00
45.73
41.35
50.30
49.76
44.00
45.23
37.90
51.41
53.23
44.30
47.52
40.66
40.00
39.98
34.89
29.77
38.09
66.04
56.65
58.41
56.44
55.90
53.80
48.62
40.89
53.25
52.49
44.34
47.67
41.73
Range.
Max.	Min.	Above mean.
74	22	22.6
74	28	20.8
79	11	34.7
84	22	36.5
58	24	17.3
61	24	.21.0
57	10	17.0
58	10	23.1
48	0	18.2
72	17	33.9
84	46	18.0
80	34	23.4
79	44	20.6
73	45	16.5
74	42	18.1
84	33	30.2
64	33	15.4
72	22	31.1
74	40	20.8
56	48	3.5
60	30	15.7
60	32	12.3
64	21	22.3
Below
mean.
29.4
25.2
33.3
25.5
16.7
16.0
30.0
24.9
29.8
21.1
20.0
22.6
14.4
11.5
13.9
20.8
15.6
18.9
13.2
 4.5
14.3
15.7
20.7
WINDS.
No. of Observations
N.		N.	E.	E.	
0	0	35	48	4	5
5	15	0	0	19	61
25	32	33	60	20	21
35	78	8	14	4	4
41	108	18	50	8	27
4	6	29	70	16	30
35	39	4	4	10	14
58	115	4	5	2	5
47	51	4	9	3	7
36	65	15	29	0	0
46	50	14	14	7	7
19	32	12	20	8	11
0	0	11	22	38	76
4	10	12	31	0	0
1	1	3	5	30	34
43	61	15	20	0	0
0	0	0	0	0	0
22	38	3	8	4	10
0	0	0	0	0	0
0	0	0	0	0	0
1	1	18	25	3	3
4	10	4	10	6	14
19	27	2	2	9	14
 
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METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER
MONTH OF DECEMBER, 1854.
				THERMOMETER							
STATIONS.	Mean Temperature.					Range.					
	„_.	9 A. M.	3 P. M.	9 P. M.	Mean.	Max.	Min.	Above mean.	Below mean.	N.	
	34.54 26.13 26.03 26.26 27.61 25.87 17.51 12.09 21.51 51.87 41.55 41.55 46.96 41.93 34.15 40.00 22.00 43.83 32.67 32.51 39.45 22.93	43.45 41.75 30.83 35.44 33.41 38.42 29.16 21.51 28.10 58.87 50.09 46.42 53.33 46.77 39.70 44.38 25.30 46.09 36.38 35.25 41.54 30.45	64.41 59.87 61.25 52.13 40.29 45.19 40.96 33.19 49.12 69.38 67.61 60.45 60.45 58.67 59.17 55.51 47.82 55.19 41.87 41.58 48.80 43.61	44.51 36.15 37.54 32.29 31.96 29.32 25.29 18.93 28.39 57.77 51.16 48.00 49.58 47.32 46.20 42.87 31.20 47.67 36.32 38.93 42.45 28.42	46.73 41.05 38.90 36.48 33.32 34.70 28.23 21.43 32.03 59.47 52.60 49.10 52.63 48.67 44.80 45.69 31.58 48.19 36.81 37.07 43.06 31.35	76 76 71 58 55 58 55 49 65 73 74 65 70 68 71 63 52 66 54 52 58 50	25 7 14 19 22 10 8 — 1 10 42 31 35 38 31 27 31 17 34 21 21 26 12	29.3 35.0 32.1 21.5 21.7 23.3 26.8 27.6 33.0 13.5 21.4 15.9 17.4 19.3 26.2 17.3 20.4 17.8 17.2 14.9 14.9 18.6	21.7 34.0 24.9 17.5 11.3 24.7 20.2 22.4 22.0 17.5 21.6 14.1 14.6 17.7 17.8 14.7 14.6 14.2 15.8 16.1 17.1 19.4	0 11 29 33 6 50 56 50 49 58 10 0 29 0 35 0 30 0 3 8 5 34	0
Fort Thorne..........											17
											60
											89
											22
											104
Cantonment Burgwin ..											101 60 81
											60
											13
Fort Miller............											0
											76
											0 45
Fort Orford...........											0 45 (I
Fort Vancouver....... Fort Dalles...........											5 1q
Great Salt Lake City ..											17 46
 
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METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
POSITION OF  STATIONS, MEAN TEMPERATURES
TATIOXS.
Fort Independence..
Fort Hamilton......
Fort Columbus......
West Point........
Watervliet Arsenal .
Fort Ontario.......
Fort Niagara.......
Alleghany Arsenal..
Carlisle Barracks ...
Fort Delaware......
Fort McHenry......
Fort Monroe........
Fort Moultrie.......
Fort Pierce*........
Key West Barracks.
Fort Myers.........
Fort Brooke........
Fort Meade........
Fort Barrancas.....
Mt. Vernon Arsenal.
Baton Rouge Bar'ks.
Fort Towson.......
Fort Washita.......
Fort Smith.........
Fort Gibson........
Jefferson Barracks ..
St. Louis Arsenal....
Newport Barracks...
Fort Mackinac......
Fort Brady.........
Fort Snelling.......
Fort Ripley........
Fort Ridgely.......
Fort Leavenworth..
Fort Riley........•
Fort Kearny.......
Fort Laramie.......
Fort Arbuckle......
Fort Belknap.......
Clear Fork of Brazos
Fort Chadbourne  ...
Fort McKavett.....
Fort Merrill........
Fort Ewell.........
Corpus Christi......
Fort Brown........
Rinjrgold Barracks..
Kurt Mcintosh.....
O   »
42 20
40 37
40 42
41 23
42 43
43 20
43 18
40 32
40 12
39 35
39 17
37 00
32 45
27 30
24 32
26 38
28 00
28 01
30 18
31 12
30 26
34 00
34 14
35 23
34 47
38 28
38 40
39 05
45 51
46 30
44 53
46  19
44  15
39 21
39 03
40 38
42  12
34 27
33  08
32 30
31 38
30 55
28  17
28 05
27 47
25 54
26 23
27 31
Long.
 O  '
 71  00
 74  02
 74  01
 74  00
 73  43
 76  40
 79  08
 80  02
 77  14
 75  34
 76  35
 76  18
 79  51
 80  20
 81  48
 82  00
 82  28
 82  00
 87  27
 88  02
 91  18
 95  33
 96  38
 94  29
 95  10
 90  15
 90  05
 84  29
 84  33
 84  43
 93  05
 94  19
 94  45
 94  44
 96  25
 98  57
104  47
 97  09
 98  48
 99  45
100  40
100  05
 98  00
 98  57
 97  27
 97  26
 99  02
 99  21
Altitude above sea.	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	Aug.	Sept.
Feel.									
50	25.52	25.00	32.92	42.41	58.76	65.91	74.07	69.70	63.71
45	31.49	30.95	37.70	45.57	59.37	68.69	77.17	74.67	67.06
23	28.71	28.17	36.17	45.09	59.96	68.49	75.89	72.88	66.35
167	28.00	27.40	36.35	45.91	60.57	68.06	75.59	72.75	64.25
50	21.86	19.54	31.55	41.27	54.89	67.10	77.17	69.77	61.44
290									
250	25.04	23.23	32.37	41.41	54.98	67.58	72.84	69.62	64.02
704	29.08	33.49	40.36	49.30	61.17	71.15	78.18	76.38	69.92
500								73.61	68.66
10	32.38	34.56	43.18	50.98	64.50				
36	33.61	36.47	44.40	49.00	64.29	72.00	78.32	75.45	71.29
8	41.47	43.82	50.82	57.16	68.74	77.20	80.21	79.55	76.60
25	40.83	53.09	62.72	62.76	73.35	78.55	82.06	82.37	78.93
30	67.91	67.33	73.01	71.10	78.41	82.09	84.16	83.37	83.18
10	71.75	71.95	76.56	73.89	80.84	83.34	83.30	82.59	82.56
50	67.56	67.39	73.74	71.07	79.13	82.35	81.91	81.85	82.59 ■
20	62.94	62.36	70.06	70.07	77.49	80.51	81.08	79.59	80.71
80	63.75	63.33	70.64	68,10	76.31	79.10	80.17	79.99	81.15
20	54.71	54.56	64.98	62.93	75.40	81.00	84.55	84.10	81.44
200	51.52	53.18	65.24	62.30	74.64	79.17	78.90	81.17	79.58
41	53.43	56.48	66.24	64.63	75.10	80.61	80.09	81.52	78.11
300?	36.32	49.29	59.55	61.90					
G45	36.76	48.94	60.41	61.43	69.80	75.48	83.13	83.40	77.20
460	33.92	47.01	57.01	60.62	67.51	75.48	83.15	82.70	77.38
560	33.72	46.38	56.57	60.49	67.61	75.74	84.62	85.20	79.61
472	28.48	40.04	48.34	56.79	68.44	74.78	85.80	82.12	75.89
450	25.47	36.66	46.10	55.41	66.36	74.75	82.25	81.30	75.38
500	31.75	39.60	46.74	53.20	64.00	72.13	79.54	78.13	74.34
728	13.09	15.89	26.40	37.06	47.62	59.96	67.12	62.47	59.72
600	11.02	12.98	23.14	40.87	46.36	60.54	65.20	61.27	58.04
820	1.30	15.40	30.74	48.54	57.82	70.01	75.04	71.12	61.66
1130	2.10	10.88	27.26	45.58	52.11	64.01	68.93	61.78	58.59
1100?	5.68	19.49	36.96	54.03	62.32	70.52	77.60	74.80	65.34
896	24.68	35.53	45.14	56.06	65.45	72.85	81.19	79.10	73.71
1300 ?	24.67	38.00	46.66	56.96	64.00	72.66	83.69	8^78	72.28
2360	18.26	30.37	36.76	51.22	59.31	68.92	75.16	76.10	66.10
4519	22.60	36.40	41.06	50.62	56.92	67.73	75.24	76.46	66.95
1000 ?	36.16	47.75	57.39	60.82	68.64	74.96	83.29	83.95	77.28
1600 ?	41.01	52.33	63.15	65.77	71.66	78.79	83.86	80.75	78.71
2300 ?	40.44	50.43	62.11						
2120	38.73	46.94	63.58	63.17	70.08	74.00	78.54	82.94	76.01
2060	42.89	51.52	62.50	64.04	70.33	76.80	78.74	80.10	75.57
150 ?	55.14	59.76	75.50	76.54	80.73	84.82	85.91	84.39	81.09
200 r	50.47	58.12	70.34	72.50	77.45	81.61	82.22	83.22	81.38
20					76.61	83.27	83.40	84.61	81.62
50	39.34	62.45	71.87	73.90	81.00	83.67	84.06	82.00	81.06
200?	55.72	62.38	74.10	76.39	81.74	84.30	82.65	83.01	81.31
400?	53.02	60.02	74.23	77.19	81.41	83.69	84.06	84.50	81.16
* Designated as Fori t'npron during the latter part of the year. 
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578
METEOROLOGICAL    REGISTER
MONTHLY  SUMMARIES  OF  AMOUNT OF RAIN,  1854.
Fort Independence.............
Fort Hamilton..................
Fort Columbus..................
West Point......................
Watervliet Arsenal.............
Fort Ontario....................
Fort Niagara...................
Alleghany Arsenal..............
Carlisle Barracks................
Fort Delaware..................
Fort McHenry..................
Fort Monroe....................
Fort Moultrie  ..................
Fort Pierce.....................
Key West Barracks..............
Fort Myers.....................
Fort Brooke................—
Fort Meade.....................
Fort Bai-rancas.................
Mount Vernon Arsenal..........
Baton Rouge Barracks...........
Fort Towson....................
Fort  Washita..................
Fort Smith.....................
Fort  Gibson....................
Jefferson Barracks ..  ...........
St. Louis Arsenal................
Newport Barracks...............
Frn-t Mackinac..................
Fort Brady......................
FortSnelling....................
Fort Ripley....................
Fort Ridgely...................
Fort Leavenworth.............
Fort Riley......................
Fort Kearny...................
Fort Laramie..................
Kurt Arbuckle..................
J-'nrt Belknap ..................
Clear Fork of Brazos...........
Fort Chadbourne...............
Fort McKavett..................
Fort Merrill.....................
Fort Ewell.....................
Corpus Christi..................
   * This amount and  that at Fort
   t Approximate.
Jan. I Fob.   Mar.
2.50
3.05
2.60
3.52
3.50
1.63
2.23
 2.30
 4.40
 4.00
 3.80
 3.55
 1.77
 1.15
 3.83
 1.30
 3.45
11.01
 2.85
 1.01
 0.01
 1.37
 0.30
 1.90
 0.65
 3.20
 2.59
 2.49
 0.72
 0.67
 1.20
 0.04
 0.00
 0.23
 0.1S
 0.01
 0.11
 0.00
 0.00
 0.01
 0.11
 0.22
 '4.45
 4.00
 5.04
 2.77

 2.52
 2.33

 5.45
 4.90
 1.90
 2.84
 3.40
 2.55
 4.70
 6.89
 2.21
 5.55
12.83
 5.50
 2.00
 3.30
 2.05
 1.43
 3.25
 2.40
 5.30
 1.23
 1.18
 0.03
 0.03
 0.01
 1.78
 0.94
 1.33
 0.40
 2.30
 1.10
 0.30
 0.90
 0.77
 1.99
2.55
0.65
0.70
2.81
2.73

1.87
2.82

0.88
4.70
2.GO
0.25
1.05
0.51
0.20
2.44
1.85
7.21
6.22
6.15
5.10
5.53
7.05
7.S3
6.90
7.10
8.10
1.56
1.34
1.03
0.79
1.18
1.33
1.86
1.S7
0.80
3.33
1.42

0.4S
2.10
0.05
April.
May.  June.
 5.40
 9.58
 8.80
10.53
 3.98

 2.25
 4.21

 6.40
 7.20
 1.80
 2.20
 7.00
 2.99
 2.75
 8.82
4.28
6.09
7.70
5.08
1.58

3.90
2.24

3.95
5.20
0.82
3.70
5.70
3.14
5.65
6.21
3.19 ,10.57
0.50
1.96
3.58
2.22
4.21
6.55
 3.47
 4.45
 8.05

11.73
 6.25
3.16 j 7.67
3.40 I 6.98
4..30 ! 4.65
July.   Au
2.00
4.25
2.20
1.62
2.31

1.71
2.06
4.80
1.30
4.20
6.63
4.54
6.75
9.44
7.24
3.39
6.72
4.00

9.17
2.26
2.80
4.19
2.20
2.S6  0.8S
2.10
1.04
2.14
2.51
0.97
2.83
3.35
4.55
2.50
3.98
6.47 ,2.68
2.65
3.61
4 30
4.34
6.84
5.55
4.35
4.15
4.46
2.93  6.60
     i
1.75  4.97
6.35
1.23
3.31
3.68
2.70
4.50
1.10
5.40
3.67
4.44
2.23
1.90
3.73
1.54

4.03
1.45
 2.60
 1.60
 5.69
 4.97
 3.45
 9.70
15.53
 8.55
 5.43
 6.13
 6.55

 0.59
 1.02
 0.21
 0.96
 1.70
 2.05
 5.67
 3.21
 3.92
 0.62
 2.49
 0.18
 0.00
 3.51
 3.26
4.33 j 0.00
8.33  0.00
Sept.
Oct.
 0.50
 0 26
 1.03
 0.46
 0.84

 1.52
 1.13
 1.49

 3.00
 0.60
 3.82
 2.63
 5.83
 9.90
11.23
10.20
 6.81
 2.29
 7.41

 1.39
 0.S8
 0.33
 1.47
 1.48
 1.55
 4.26
 3.86
 1.75
 1.69
 2.28
 1.07
 1.65
 1.18
 1.27
 2.14
 0.75
0.56 5.76	4.67	1.31	4.30
0.2S : 3.72	0.15	2.91	0.C4
1.16 7.66	4.70	5.44	3.13
0.00 i 6.8S	6.05	3.53	3.21
.... S.07	4.71	7.69	3.68
 8.34
 3.50
 1.90
 4.00
 2.82

 2.61
 1.76
 0.78

 4.10
 1.00
 9.24
 3.30
 9.70
 1.50
 4.68
 2.99
 3.47
 6.82
 9.88

 1.17
 3.53
 0.68
 3.41
 1.35
 2.00
 3.22
 3.18
 6.55
 4.40
 2.58
 2.11
 1.85
 4.60
 1.60
 2.12
 1.53

 4.09
 3.86
 5.01
 4.68
. 6.82
1.47
1.19
1.80
1.98
2.05
0.S2

2.89
0.93?

7.10?
1.80
1.12
5.47
4.73
0.35
1.77
2.34
7.14
0.81
4.38

1.19
2.85
1.58
6.57
3.00
2.22
2.28
3.40
1 23
0.91
0.41
3.20
0.02
1.07
1.86
0.55
5.57
5.70
3.95
5.65
2.40
1.09

1.8S
2.30
2.84
7.30
1.30
1.16
1.41
0.25
0.45
1.75
0.02
0.76
2.34
0.45

3.57
1.63
2.06
3.13
1.45
2.98
3.66
3.07
0.60
0.24
1.13
1.20
p.61
0.75
0.73
3.46
0.S9  0.05
fS.SO
 0.79
 0.64
6.30
1.19
3.20
3.23
3.35
8.60
2.64
0.98
1.69

1.67
1.63
2.60
3.90
1.20
1.74
1.68
8.45
1.65
4.85

3.64
0.73
1.82

1.42
2.54
0.77
1.11
0.90
1.65
0.98
0.45
0.64
0.15
1.65
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.40
0.05

2.60
0.95
2.13
Spring.
Summer.
12.23
16.32
17.20
18.42
 8.29

 8.02
 9.27

11.23
17.10
 4.62
 6.15
13.75
 6.64
 8.60
17.47
15.61
11.18
12.63
17.78

21.47
19.85
18.66
17.28
16.05
16.67
 5.25
 7.09
 7.84
 6.10
10.85
10.23
10.76
 8.58
 9.24
12.91
 8.14
6 10
8.S7
7.26
6.94
6.74
5.13
5.81
4.69

7.26
4.64
10.40
 3.50
13.71
14.23
13.82
26.35
36.20
25.99
15.63
15.34
17.96

11.15
 4.16
 3.34
 6.62
 5 38
 6.28
16.28
 8.30
 8.98
 5.99
 7.47
 5.75
 2.75
10.09
 8.20
 6.47
10.28
 3.10
13.29
12.84
16.08
10.38
10.39
 7.65
11.63
 7.27
 6.53
 4.01

18.50
 4.10
11.52
10.18
14.68
 2.30
 8.20
 5.35
11.37
 9.97
14.71

 5.93
 8.01
 4.32
13.11
 5.70
 7.20
 9.16
 9.65
 8.38
 5.55
 4.12
 6.51
 2.48
 6.42
 4.19
 7.23
 2.17

13.69
 5.84
 8.85
10.85
15.20
11.20
 7.25
6.23
10.35
13.20
 7.10
12.77
 7.50
15.57

12.64
24.57
10.17

 4.73
 5.96
 2.50
 6.26
 3.95
10.15
 4.80
 4.12
 1.39
 0.85
 2.86
 1.91
 0.94
 1.56
 0.63
 2.71
 1.26

 3.50
 1.73
 4.23
 3.08
Year.
38.64
44.30
45.18
47.06
27.50
26.67
*59.20?
 19.32?
  89.76
  46.79
  47.91
  44.75
  77.44
50.82
62.51
60.62

43.28
37.98
28.82
43.27
31.08
40.30
35.49
29.16
26.59
18.49
25.30
24.40
16.93
26.65
22.26
29.32
20.65

84.27
16.77
35.24
Monroe are clearly in error, one too great and the other too small.  Both appear carelessly measured on each month's record. 
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
579
MONTHLY SUxMMARIES OF AMOUNT OF RAIN, 1854.
STATIONS.	Jan.	Feb. Mar.		April.	May.	June.	July.	Aug.	Sept. Oct.		Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
	0.45 0.70 0.05 0.20 0.05 0.00	1.50 ' 1.15		0.05 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.00 0.60 0.10 0.20 0.01 0.39 1.68 0.46 0.93 0.00 0.75 2.08 2.24 1.56 3.07 5.58 1.99 2.78 1.52 12.50	4.10 2.83 5.02 3.88 2.53 2.65 0.86 1.10 0.62 1.19 1.16 0.50 3.93 0.51 0.00 0.21	7.65 10.9S 4.54 2.09 6.83 0.11 0.05 0.08 0.01 0.28 0.32 0.69 .... 0.24 1.24 0.00 0.02	4.25 4.06 3.95 0.97 0.83 0.08 0.10 0.87 2.23 0.41 2.59 4.11 3.98 2.14 3.94 0.01 0.07	5.00 1.58 0.20 1.67 0.90 0.95 5.71 1.38 6.01 1.02 1.19 3.86 1.75 2.61 5.24 2.37 1.35	11.81 ! 5.79 3.02 i 0.92 5.34 j 0.35		7.47 2.10 1.83 3.71 3.23 3.22 0.00 0.67 0.99 1.09 1.85 3.54 1.80 1.03 1.49 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.40 0.22 0.87 0.93 0.48 4.59 3.19 1.41 7.37	1.88 0.68 0.42 0.50 0.18 0.35 0.00 0.50 0.15 0.35 0.08 0.92 1.08 0.60 0.06 2.30 1.20 0.57 3.34 1.25 0.60 0.55 1.45 1.18 1.13 6.37 8.34 2.50 12.87	6.30 3.05 5.32 7.63 4.03 4.73 1.61 1.44 O.CS 3.00 5.85 1.59 3.93 1.49 O.80 3.10 2.97 5.41 3.61 6.27 10.84 2.95 4.75 1.88 15.27	16.90 16.89 8.69 4.73 8.56 1.14 2.30 8.32 1.44 4.06 8.29 6.42 4.99 10.42 2.38 1.44 0.09 0.01 0.01 0.69 1.04 4.13 0.33 9.61	24.57 6.04 7.57 8.34 8.49 7.26 5.24 2.01 4.49 3.56 5.39 10.10 5.67 1.37 1.88 5.58 0.47 0.16 0.80 1.99 1.34 3.13 4.67 4.66 15.88 4.16 15.20	3.83 3.07 2.37 2.85 0.92 1.29 0.15 0.35 0.08 1.05 1.50 0.69 3.35 0.85 7.36 5.93 9.51 7.41 6.50 12.81 8.47 11.17 5.02 29.13	34.27
Ringgold Barracks..............		1.69 1.90 2.15 0.69	0.22 0.30 8.00 1.50														29.05 23.95
									4.80	0.33							24.08
									4.81 3.49 3.70 0.95 3.50 2.13 2.67 4.06 2.99 0.21 1.53 3.47 0.17 0.13 0.12 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00	0.40 0.55 1.54 0.39 0.00 0.34 1.37 2.50 0.88 0.13 0.35 0.62 0.30 0.01 0.68 1.56 1.12 2.26 3.69 4.18							22.00
Fort Clarke....................		0.94 1.4S .... .... .... ! .... 0.00 0.65															14.42
Fort Davis...................... Fort Bliss.......................																	
	0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.36 0.07 2.00 0.00 1.46 1.64 2.26 3.04 2.06 2.90 4.83 0.54																23.85
Fort Thorne.....................		0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.02 0.15 0.28 2.56 2.34 2.42 5.87 4.80 2.15 6.80 1.00 2.83 0.73 7.57	0.14 0.05 0.43 2.01 0.63 0.45 0.80 2.14 3.09 0.85 3.11 2.05 O.SO 5.14 0.75 1.22 0.36 2.89														14.60
																	5.76
																	13.50
																	25.80
																	14.37
Cantonment Burgwin............																	20.84
																	4 50
																	12.06
																	
Fort Miller......................					0.04 i 0.01 j 0.06 i 0.05 0.00 0.01 2.40 0.00 0.12 0.69 0.21 0.63		! 0.01 0.03										
																	17.00
							0.00 0.01	0.00 0.00									12.37 15.91
							0.00 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00	0.00 0.21 2.56 1.72 0.18 3.93									29.01
																	17.12
									0.19 ill.10								
	2.79 8.69				0.75 0.00 0.88	2.41 0.15 5.68			0.00 0.S4 3.46	2.31 1.91 4.37							11.89
																	69.21
																	
 
580
METEOROLOGICAL  REGISTER.
SUMMARY OF WEATHER
		WEATHER.						wir-	IDS.			
STATIONS.	DAYS.				DAYS.							
	Fair.	Cloudy.	Ruin.	Snow.	N.	N.E.	E.	S. E.	S.	s. w.	w.	N. W.
Fort Independence...	166	199	92	31	45	39	19	29	14	66	50	83
	207	158	94	32	6	66	0	28	0	82	0	160
	196	169	74	23	16	67	10	28	35	86	38	81
West Point..........	200 237	165 128	95 70	35 23	18 34	7 1	2 4	25 20	114 91	18 28	17 36	56 45
Watervliet Arsenal..												
	107	166	63	20	23	33	18	19	30	87	3	20
Alleghany Arsenal...	186	179	107	31	50	41	17	20	41	61	37	27
	206	159	85	17	57	49	13	17	15	44	78	62
	251 230	114 135	81 99	5 0	13 30	54 61	77 36	6 23	14 46	133 63	18 51	24 44
												
	159 230	206 135	121 103	0 0	22 43	73 95	42 64	79 65	16 28	45 28	27 7	38 15
Key West Barracks ..												
	263 261 120	97 104 196	89 112 132	0 0 0	75 9 66	52 65 24	23 66 53	18 50 15	20 25 31	28 46 9	11 68 49	17 32 15
												
												
	175	190	90	0	84	36	15	31	25	34	41	77
Mt. Vernon Arsenal..	224	141	104	0	27	63	20	80	27	35	18	69
Baton R-ouge B'ks (c) .	132	233	96	0	34	29	139	41	25	22	54	13
	214	151	84	3	30	24	37	51	101	39	19	26
Fort Smith..........	207 207 217	158 158 148	91 85 64	5 3 8	25 54 20	25 11 9	73 21 34	37 48 37	54 115 78	35 13 19	16 4 56	14 13 20
												
Jefferson Barracks. ..												
	228	137	50	6	58	16	37	13	49	40	59	23
Newport Barracks...	Q-JO	143	61	10	32	10	47	3	43	20	82	6
Fort Mackinac.......	159	206	78	44	34	23	60	37	40	16	59	73
	183	182	75	67	34	14	67	16	64	34	52	8
	201	164	72	32	41	22	13	43	72	41	35	45
	199	166	71	32	36	50	11	72	47	38	37	44
Fort Ridgely........	184	181	77	30	37	24	23	56	49	40	35	89
Fort Leavenworth. .. .	236	129	63	11	29	27	31	44	36	82	27	63
	287 241	78 124	32 58	6 15	17 63	12 25	17 22	23 22	105 44	82 41	38 57	19 57
												
	284	81	60	31	28	5	93	3	17	10	123	12
	284	81	59	1	65	19	20	31	68	35	34	25
	196	169	57	0	42	31	7	151	48	34	6	24
	243	122	61	0	24	19	29	47	15	18	6	16
Fort McKavett......	239	126	54	0	28	51	28	97	63	49	14	17
	220	140	54	0	30	15	12	104	63	27	22	12
	190	83	43	0	23	11	10	108	16	2	5	13
	210 223	155 142	71 53	0 0	26 48	26 17	44 48	94 123	58 80	61 10	17 9	26 16
Rin<rgold Barracks...												
	238	127	52	0	27	18	26	175	32	3	4	28
	226 212	139 153	54 56	0 0	45 12	55 11	138 4	52 223	3 0	0 0	1 1	5 59
												
	221	144	42	1	23	31	74	149	18	G	7	39
 
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
581
OBSERVATIONS FOR 1854.
WINDS.
No. of observations and sum of force.
E.	S. E.	S.
182	464	156	404	77	161	118	225	58	119	264	590	201	499	334	773
25	30	263	371	1	1	112	211	0	0	327	409	1	1	639	1031
65	138	270	595	39	72	111	246	141	202	343	719	152	275	326	892
431	1581	28	97	9	24	99	282	456	1173	71	181	67	210	225	704
138	439	4	13	16	39	79	231	364	1095	111	324	143	544	182	630
92	136	132	266	74	148	75	104	121	194	349	989	13	249	82	294
202	355	164	277	69	94	81	151	165	415	246	730	148	500	108	310
228	465	198	463	54	104	69	154	59	185	175	379	313	572	247	574
53	126	218	603	310	623	24	64	57	126	533	1106	72	160	97	329
120	336	243	835	143	445	94	275	184	632	271	960	203	531	178	510
89	324	292	1050	170	563	317	903	66	139	182	410	107	263	153	427
174	645	382	1309	258	684	260	742	111	311	113	276	29	86	59	191
301	574	210	433	94	157	72	143	82	249	112	318	44	114	69	166
36	72	259	648	265	489	203	494	101	168	184	480	273	444	130	308
263	577	98	231	211	556	62	143	126	296	36	87	197	425	62	*109
338	630	145	299	61	115	124	266	101	202	136	252	165	281	310	537
109	234	251	493	80	158	322	599	108	222	142	286*	71	153	275	631
135	315	115	275	558	1283	166	380	100	220	88	218	218	502	54	124
121	339	98	310	149	353	203	546	406	1182	155	371	76	171	103	227
100	258	99	208	293	516	148	256	215	448	142	340	63	157	56	179
217	542	45	73	83	123	194	405	460	1027	53	87	16	31	54	94
82	174	38	92	138	250	149	312	302	536	77	200	225	458	82	259
232	545	66	136	148	247	53	83	198	321	160	266	236	467	94	211
130	461	42	71	187	396	14	15	173	387	83	171	329	775	26	49
139	329	94	286	240	768	148	420	161	391	65	261	237	682	292	957
136	434	58	152	267	643	66'	154	257	640	137	427	209	753	32	125
165	367	90	224	52	125	173	398	290	589	164	398	140	398	181	538
144	415	201	480	44	86	288	739	190	444	133	335	150	451	177	425
147	513	96	290	93	275	226	475	196	500	180	443	142	531	356	1063
116	201	108	214	125	208	178	358	143	336	327	733	110	215	254	536
69	223	49	153	67	119	92	183	421	743	328	587	154	336	7G	260
252	680	102	243	90	184	90	217	177	497	165	455	230	537	227	522
114	155	19	26	374	529	14	26	69	98	43	65	494	1054	47	75
259	390	77	100	79	122	126	308	274	534	140	236	137	161	100	131
168	450	124	356	27	62	606	1627	191	613	135	312	23	71	98	253
95	253	78	200	117	274	189	302	59	91	73	146	26	67	65	165
112	397	203	531	114	294	389	996	252	763	196	500	56	141	69	192
121	289	59	101	49	65	417	519	252	341	107	143	89	122	49	97
93	221	43	79	41	101	432	1004	65	158	9	12	19	40	54	113
104	172	103	179	178	309	376	745	231	418	243	539	68	125	103	189
194	405	68	125	194	313	494	954	320	690	42	84	36	57	65	131
110	216	71	285	104	153	699	1537	129	205	12	17	18	23	114	225
182	396	219	408	554	1144	207	305	13	36	0	0	3	11	22	50
46	132	45	114	17	48	893	2066	0	0	3	4	3	4	239	554
94	280	123	287	296	749	595	1384	71	187	26	69	30	91	158	441
 
582
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.
SUMMARY OF WEATHER
		WEATHER.						WINDS.				
STATIONS.		DAYS.						DAYS.				
	Fair.	Cloudy.	Rain.	Snow.	N.	N.E.	E.	S. E.	S.	S. W.	W.	N. W.
Fort Bliss (e)........	182	2	13	1	1	23	6	48	12	44	14	24
	357	8	41	0	10	14	17	28	23	78	50	16
	355	8	37	1	39	34	30	24	38	45	79	57
Fort Conrad (Craig)..	319	46	51	2	66	31	25	29	62	27	68	42
	307	58	55	5	88	37	17	29	94	19	23	21
	303 274 175	62 91 56	67 52 32	16 13 11	20 86 71	56 22 6	32 12 5	47 19 8	21 38 23	49 35 33	36 40 47	50 62 8
												
Ft. Massachusetts (/).												
	312	53	66	25	51	17	2	14	93	49	47	45
	291 237	74 128	15 ' 50	0 0	71 23	35 38	21 42	50 27	53 30	27 113	47 65	52 12
												
Fort Miller..........	246 181	88 184	45 72	0 0	3 21	17 29	64 4	41 15	50 21	44 109	44 130	15 33
												
	252	113	44	0	5	17	36	14	10	31	223	0
	266	99	55	2	83	17	3	14	54	24	12	28
Fort Humboldt......	243	122	68	2	29	1	10	18	2	9	1	42
	215	126	54	7	58	17	8	16	64	25	23	25
Fort Orford (e)......	105	79	39	0	1	0	0	67	3	0	1	108
	158	176	75	2	2	7	2	38	15	43	15	19
	239	126	62	13	11	26	6	11	15	247	33	7
	180	185	123	11	25	2	23	14	99	57	54	18
(a)  First nine months.
(b)  December and part of November not observed.
(c)  Scale of clearness erroneous.
(d)  Five days of May omitted.
(e)  Last six months.
(/) Last eight months.
(g) August not observed.
(/i) Last 15 days of January not observed.
(i)  January not observed. 
METEOROLOGICAL   REGISTER.                           583
OBSERVATIONS FOR 1854.
WINDS.
						No. of observations and sum of force.					*				
N.		N.	E.	E		S.	E.	S.		S.W.		w.		N. W.	
3	5	92	149	25	29	194	253	47	69	177	261	57	90	96	177
41	90	58	140	69	176	113	299	92	184	314	736	200	537	65	186
157	255	137	250	122	169	97	171	153	232	180	351	318	543	227	361
264	630	123	177	99	122	115	177	250	626	107	280	273	531	170	287
353	836	148	311	69	152	118	297	375	963	75	197	93	261	85	200
82	182	224	485	128	206	187	362	85	171	196	389	144	264	202	428
344	527	89	156	49	67	76	138	152	268	139	373	160	402	250	642
283	416	25	51	22	44	32	56	92	159	134	254	188	268	34	59
206	348	68	116	8	10	56	114	371	613	196	415	188	344	180	320
285	582	142	197	83	111	202	401	213	454	110	232	189	500	210	544
92	145	152	218	167	218	110	161	122	207	453	754	260	463	50	82
12	24	69	106	255	396	163	282	202	254	175	471	266	407	60	104
85	256	115	325	18	45	60	183	85	223	436	1351	522	1641	134	465
20	49	68	150	143	237	56	106	39	95	126	382	891	2608	2	5
332	594	70	98	14	19	55	104	218	396	97	149	49	60	111	171
117	371	4	4	40	87	71	116	9	18	37	70	4	6	168	399
234	363	69	119	31	49	63	141	255	392	100	187	91	151	99	189
4	13	1	4	0	0	268	837	12	21	0	0	6	16	433	1177
8	12	29	75	8	16	151	319	59	99	172	273	62	101	75	157
43	69	105	148	23	39	44	61	59	81	987	1847	133	381	29	62
102	311	9	23	93	208	58	149	399	1128	227	708	217	671	73	207
 
 
GEOGRAPHICAL  POSITIONS OF  THE  MILITARY POSTS,
WITH  THEIR LOCAL  TOPOGRAPHY  AND ALTITUDES ABOVE THE SEA, AND THE AUTHORITIES
                          FROM WHICH  THEY HAVE BEEN  OBTAINED.
     In the summaries for each year  the geographical positions and altitudes have been given from
the  best authorities at hand, or accessible at the time; yet, the discrepancy of authorities in many
cases is so great that  changes  have  sometimes  been made when better determinations were subse-
quently obtained.   The research required in the comparison of existing authorities is very consider-
able, and in the western  portion of the territory the positions are all of recent determination.  The
recent surveys  have greatly modified  the  geography of  many portions  west of the Mississippi, and
they have  come in very fortunately to establish the positions of the military posts with great accuracy.
In the summary for 1854 all these corrections  are introduced, and the positions there given may be
relied upon as sufficiently accurate for  any purpose in this connexion.  In the succeeding consolidated
tables, where the results for each post  are given for successive years, the corrected latitude, longitude,
and  altitude,  will be found for each post at which observations have at any time been made.
     Fractions less than one minute of a degree are neglected, even when determined astronomically,
as unnecessarily precise for  the present  purpose.  Many of the interior and western posts were de-
termined quite accurately by astronomical observation.
     The posts  of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts, were, in  nearly every case, made points or
bases of triangulation in the surveys of the coast, and their positions have thus, been very accurately
determined.
     On the Northeast  boundary, and on the Mexican boundary,  the positions have been determined
with great accuracy in  the boundary surveys.
     The research and  comparison  has  been made as thorough at the last as appeared necessary for
any  purpose affecting  the records or  their results, and,  indeed, as full  and complete as existing ma-
terials would permit.
Fort Kent, Maine.—South bank of St. John's river, at the mouth of Fish river. Country rolling and open. Position and altitude
               by Major J. D. Graham, United States Topographical Engineers.  1844.

Fort Fairfield, Maine.—South bank of Aroostook river, six miles from its entrance into the St. John's.  On a local eminence 100
               feet above the river, with a hilly or undulating forest back ground.  Exposure generally open. Position and altitude
               from Major J. D. Graham.  1844.
Hancock Barracks, Maine.—Houlton,  eastern boundary of the State, near the St. John's river.  Locality similar to that of Fort
               Fairfield.  Position and  altitude by Major Graham.  1844.

Fort Sullivan, Maine.—Moose island, Eastport, the most eastern point of the State.  Open marine exposure.  Position derived
               from the Northeastern Boundary Survey.

Fort Preble, Maine.—Cape  Elizabeth, south side of Portland  harbor.  Exposure open, and mainly seaward. Position from United
               States Coast Survey.
Fort Constitution, New Hampshire.—On a point at the mouth of Piscataqua river, Portsmouth harbor, and three miles eastward
               from Portsmouth.  Open marine exposure.  Position from United States Coast Survey.

               74 
586           GEOGRAPHICAL   POSITIONS  OF  THE   MILITARY  POSTS.

Fort Independence, Massachusetts.—On Castle island, Boston harbor, three miles southeast of State-house, Boston.  Full marine
                  exposure.  Position from United  States Coast Survey.

Watertown Arsenal, Massachusetts.—At Watertown, on the Charles river, six miles west of Stata-house, Boston.   An  inland
                  and protected locality.  Position from United States Coast Survey.   Altitude approximate.

Fort Wolcott, Rhode Island.—On Goat island, Newport harbor, half a mile from the town of Newport.  The exposure is open,
                  principally over water surface, and toward the sea.  Position from United States Coast Survey.

Fort Adams, Rhode Island.—Brenton's Point, in Newport harbor, entrance to Narragansett bay, one mile westward from Newport.
                  Open and free  exposure, mainly marine.   Some  rocky elevations  in  the vicinity.  Position from  United  States
                  Coast Survey.
Fort Trumbull, Connecticut.—On the right bank of Thames river, one mile south of New London, and two and a half miles from
                  the shore of Long Island Sound.   Exposure free and open, yet less direct to the sea than other ports of the Atlantic
                  coast.  Position from United  States Coast Survey.

Fort Hamilton, New York.—At the Narrows of New York harbor, on a point at the southwest corner of Long  Island, and six miles
                  south of New York city.  Exposure particularly open  seaward.   Position from United States Coast Survey.

Fort Wood, New York.—On Bedlow's island,  New York harbor, two and a half miles south of New York city.

Fort Columbus, New York.—On Governor's island, New York harbor, very near the city of New York.   It is much less exposed
                  to direct sea influences than Fort Hamilton, though surrounded by the waters of the river and bay.  Position from
                  the United States Coast Survey.

West Point, New York.—On  the west bank of Hudson river, fifty miles from the sea.  The locality is surrounded by hills, varying
                   from 600 to 1400 feet in height on the west, except on the line of  the river.   Its confined position has a marked
                  effect.  Position and  altitude from Assistant Surgeon Hitchcock.

Watervliet Arsenal, New York.—At Watervliet, above Albany, on the west bank of the Hudson  river, and nearly opposite to
                  Troy.  The  locality is surrounded by hills and an  elevated back  country, and is much  confined.  It has local
                  peculiarities somewhat like those of West Point.  Position derived from those of Troy and Albany, as given in the
                  American Almanac.

Plattsburg Barracks, New York.—At  Plattsburg, on  the western  shore of Lake  Champlain.  The back country is  rough and
                  elevated.  Position from Professor  Thompson's map  of Vermont.   Altitude of lake by Professor Thompson, 90
                  feet; the post is 90 feet above low water of the lake.

Madison Barracks, New York.—At Sackett's  Harbor, on Lake Ontario, on the southern side of the bay formed by the entrance of
                  Black river into the lake.  Distant from the  lake eight miles.   The exposure  is generally open and over a level
                   district.  Position from  the most recent maps of New York.*  Altitude of Lake Ontario taken as 250 feet.

Fort  Ontario, New  York.—At Oswego,  southern shore of Lake Ontario, on the east bank of Oswego river.   Exposure generally
                  open, and particularly so toward the lake.  Its local elevation 50 to 60 feet above Lake Ontario.  Position from the
                  most recent maps of New York.

Fort  Niagara, New  York.—On a point of land at the mouth of Niagara river, and nearly surrounded by the waters of the river and
                   of  Lake  Ontario.  Exposure particularly level and open.  Position  from the  Army  Meteorological  Register,
                   compared and verified.

Buffalo Barracks, New York.—At Buffalo, in the northern  and most elevated portion of the city.  Exposure generally free, yet
                   not directly open to Lake Erie.  Position from Army Meteorological Register for 1831 to 1842.

Alleghany Arsenal, Pennsylvania.—At Pittsburg, three miles northeast of the city, and on the immediate bank of the Alleghany
                   river.  The position is confined and local  in  a great degree, with  elevated districts  at a distance from the river,
                   and high bluffs bordering it.   Position from the Army Meteorological  Register, compared ; the latitude as given
                   in  the American Almanac.f

Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania.—At Carlisle,  in a valley opening  to the Susquehanna river at Harrisburg.  At the northwest
                   there is a considerable  mountain ridge, but the  locality is generally open.  Position from the most recent maps.
                   Altitude from railroad surveys.

Fort Mifflin, Pennsylvania.—On an island  in the Delaware river, five miles below Philadelphia.  Open exposure, with much water
                   surface.  Position from United States Coast Survey.

Fort  Delaware, Delaware.—On an  island  in Delaware river, four miles from Newcastle, Delaware.  Exposure open, with much
                  fresh water surface.   Position from United States Coast Survey.
   * The longitude of Sackett's Harbor is given at 75Q 57' W. in the American Almanac.
   t The longitude of Pittsburg is variously given, as 80° 02', 80° OS', and S0° 14'; the last by Dr. Drake.  It can hardly be greater than the position given in the
Army Meteorological Register, to which it is restored. 
GEOGRAPHICAL   POSITIONS   OF   THE  MILITARY  POSTS.            587
Fort McHenry, Maryland.—On an  arm of Patapsco river, three miles southeast of Baltimore.  Exposure entirely open and free,
                  with much water surface.   Position from the United States Coast Survey.

Fort Severn, Maryland.—Near Annapolis, on Severn river, at its entrance into Chesapeake bay.   A very level and open water
                  exposure.   Position from United States Coast Survey.

Fort Washington, Maryland.—On the east bank of the  Potomac river, fourteen miles below Washington city.  At the east of the
                  fort there are low hills, and the locality is somewhat confined and glen-like.  Position  from the United States
                  Coast Survey.

Fort Monroe, Virginia.—At the terminus of the western  shore of Chesapeake bay, on  a sandy beach known as Old Point Comfort.
                  An open exposure of water surface, within reach of the sea influence through the wide entrance of Chesapeake bay.
                  Position from the United States Coast Survey.

Bellona Arsenal, Virginia.—On  the right bank of James river, 12 miles from Richmond.  An open exposure,  elevated 100 feet
                  above the river.   Position derived from that of the capitol, Richmond.*

Fort Macon, North Carolina.—On the point of Bogue island, near'Beaufort.  Direct ocean exposure.  Position from United States
                  Coast Survey.

Fort Johnston, North Carolina.—At Smithville, mouth of Cape Fear river.  Exposure  over  water surface mainly,  and open to
                  the sea.  Position from United States Coast Survey.
Fort Moultrie, South Carolina.—On  Sullivan's Island,  entrance to Charleston harbor, eight miles from Charleston.  Direct ocean
                  exposure.   Position from United States Coast Survey.

Augusta Arsenal,  Georgia.—On an elevated position,  three miles from Augusta, two miles from  the Savannah  river at the
                  nearest point, and 200 feet above the river at Augusta.   Among sand hills, with a free exposure.  Position  from
                  the Army Meteorological Register.

Oglethorpe Barracks, Georgia.—On low ground, one mile south of Savannah and twelve miles from the ocean.   Level  exposure
                  over salt and fresh water surfaces.   Position from Army Meteorological Register.!

Fort Marion, Florida.—At St. Augustine, on the shore of St. Augustine bay.  Level exposure over fresh and salt water surfaces.
                  Position from Army Map of Florida, 1839.

Fort Shannon, Florida.—At Pilatka, on the  west  bank of the  St. John's river,  near twenty  miles southwest of St. Augustine
                  district.   Generally level.  Position from Army Map; approximate.

New Smyrna, Florida.—East coast of peninsula, on the right bank of  Halifax river, eight miles from Mosquito bar, and two miles
                  in a direct line from the Atlantic.  The whole exposure entirely level and open.  Position from United States Coast
                  Survey.

Fort Pierce, Florida.—At  Indian river inlet, east coast of peninsula, on the  shore of St. Lucie sound, and separated by it from
                  the immediate shore of the Atlantic.  A level district and  open exposure.  Position derived from recent  Coast
                  Survey charts of the coast southward ; approximate.

Fort Dallas, Florida.—Near Cape Florida, east coast of peninsula, on the Miami river at the inner shore of Biscayne bay.  Sepa-
                  rated by this narrow bay and a point of land from the ocean.  Position from Topographical  Bureau's map of Flo-
                  rida, 1846.t

Key West Barracks,  Florida.—At Key West, Florida Keys, sixty miles southwest of Cape Sable.   Direct sea exposure, with but
                  a small area of land surface.  Position from United States Coast  Survey.

Fort Myers, Florida.—Near Charlotte harbor, west coast of peninsula, on the bank of Caloosahatchee river, near its mouth, and
                  several  miles from the immediate coast of the Gulf.   Position from United States Coast  Survey.

Fort Hamer Florida.—North of  Charlotte Harbor, west coast of peninsula, on a stream tributary to this bay, and some distance
                  from the coast.   Position from Assistant Surgeon Sloan.

Fort Brooke, Florida.—At the head of Tampa bay, west coast of peninsula, about thirty miles from the Gulf of Mexico.  The
                  surrounding country  is low and level  as at all stations of the  peninsula.  Position from United  States  Coast
                  Survey.

Fort Meade, Florida.—In the interior of the peninsula,  forty-six miles, east-southeast from Tampa bay, and near the Kissimmee
                  river.   Its location is  on a comparatively elevated sand ridge, higher than any adjacent land.  Position from  Topo-
                  graphical Bureau's Map of Florida, 1846; altitude approximate.
   * Richmond, (Capitol,) Virginia, lat. 37= .32' 17" ; long. 77° 27' 28".—American Almanac.
   f Position of Savannah Exchange, lat. 32° 4' 53''; long. 81° 5' 14".  From United States Coast Survey.
   X A sketch map of the Coast Survey, published in 1853, gives Cape Florida at lat. 25° 40', and long. 80° 05', nearly. Fort Dallas is about ten miles distant,
northwest.                                                                                                    ' 
•*>SS           GEOGRAPHICAL   POSITIONS  OF  THE  MILITARY   POSTS.

Fort King, Florida.—In ihe interior of the peninsula, east of Cedar keys, about forty miles from the coast of the Gulf of Mexico and
                   sixty  miles from  the Atlantic coast.   The  surrounding country is slightly undulating, alternately sandy  pine
                   barrens and marshy hammocks.  Position by Assistant Surgeon Forry, compared with recent maps.

Cedar Kevs,  Florida.—On the  western coast of the peninsula.   The keys or islands are several miles from  he mainland.  Position
                   from United States Coast Survey.

Fort Barrancas,  Florida.—Entrance  to Pensacola harbor, near Pensacola.   The  locality of the barracks is about one and a half
                   miles west of the navy yard,  on  the west  side of the entrance to the bay, and about eight miles southwest of
                   Pensacola.  Exposed to the Gulf.   Position from United States Coast Survey.

Fort Morgan, Alabama.—At Mobile  Point, entrance to Mobile  bay, near  seventy miles south  of  Mobile.  Position from United
                   States Coast  Survey.

Mount Vernon Arsenal, Alabama.—Near Mobile river, about thirty-two miles north  of Mobile.  The post has a local elevation of
                   near 200 feet above a small branch of the river, Coon creek.  Position from Mitchell's map of Alabama, corrected
                   by Coast Survey position of Mobile.

East Pascagoula,' Mississippi.—At the mouth of Pascagoula  river, or on islands near it.  An open Gulf exposure, surrounded by
                   low beaches and water surface.  Position from Coast Survey.

Pass Christian, Mississippi.—At  St. Louis  bay, entrance to Lake Borgne.   (A summer station.)   Open exposure  to the  Gulf.
                   Position from Coast Survey charts.

 Fort Pike, Louisiana.—On  the north  side of Petite Coquille island, entrance to Lake Pontchartrain, thirty-five  miles northeast of
                   New Orleans.  The influence of the winds and atmosphere of the Gulf is quite decided, the whole exposure being
                   over water surface or very low shores.  Position from Coast Survey charts.

 Fort Wood, Louisiana.—South of Petite Coquille island, seven miles southwest of Fort Pike, and between Lake Borgne and Lake
                   Pontchartrain.  Exposure  less open than  that of Fort Pike,  and with a predominance of fresh water surface and
                   marshes in its vicinity.   Position from Coast Survey charts.

 New Orleans Barracks, Louisiana.—On the north bank of the Mississippi, three miles below the centre of the city.  The locality
                    is protected  by forests to some extent from the winds of the Gulf.  Position  that of New Orleans; from Nicollet.
                   Altitude of the river at the  Barracks  eleven feet above the Gulf;  the hospital is placed at ten feet above Lake
                   Pontchartrain, which is at  mean sea level,  nearly.

 Baton Rouge Barracks, Louisiana.—At  Baton Rouge, on the east bank  of the  Mississippi, one  hundred and forty miles from
                   New Orleans.  The locality is on the first bluff met with on  ascending the river.  Exposure open.   Position from
                   Army Meteorological Register, 1831 to 1842,  verified by comparison with the most  recent maps.

 Fort Jesup, Louisiana—Southwest of Nachitoches, Louisiana, on a  ridge midway between  the  Red  and Sabine  rivers, 25 miles
                   distant from each.   The  country is rolling,  but not hilly.   Winds from the Gulf are felt through the summer.
                   Position from Graham's and Mitchell's maps.
 Fort Towson, Indian Territory.—Near Red river, six miles distant from it and  from the Kiamichi, a branch entering it from the
                   north.   In part surrounded by hilly and rolling country, and  on the south by open marshes or prairies.   Position
                    measured from the corrected maps of the Pacific Railroad surveys.  Altitude for the post, above Red river and
                    Gates' creek, from Assistant Surgeon Madison.   Whole altitude approximate.

 Fort Washita, Indian Territory.—Near the  Washita  river,f thirty miles from its entrance into Red river.   The location is a mile
                    and  a half  east of the Washita,  one hundred and  fifty feet  above   it, and  on the border of high open  prairies.
                    Position  from the map of Captain Whipple,  1854, compared ; approximate.   Altitude of surface of water in Red
                    river at  Preston, by Captain Pope, Topographical Engineers, 641 feet.  Altitude for post taken as reported  by
                    Assistant Surgeon Baily.j;
 Fort Smith, Arkansas.—At the mouth of Poteau  river, on the south bank of the Arkansas, and at the western limit of Missouri.
                    Southward  the  country is broken and hilly, but  the locality is not confined.   Position and altitude by Captain
                    Whipple, Topographical Engineers, 1854, from astronomical and barometric observations.

 Fort Gibson, Indian Territory.—On the east bank of the Neosho or Grand river, three miles from its junction with the Arkansas.
                    The locality is low, surrounded by bottom land on one side, and more  elevated prairie on others, with hills  in the
                    distance. Position from Army Meteorological Register, 1826 to  1830.   Altitude determined by  Assistant Surgeon
                    Coolidge, in 1847, as the result of the  mean  of ten months barometric readings, compared with the mean reading
                    for the same period at Fort Columbus, New York.§
   *This is a summer station for the forces stationed at New Orleans.  It has had various  positions at East Pascagoula and on the islands near, called Camp
Lawson, Camp Twiggs, Ac.
   fThe Western, or False Washita.
   + The altitudes on Red  river given by Captain Pope appear too great, and as they are determined by a line of levels from El Paso, the lower altitude of Dr.
Baily is taken, who does not give his mode of obtaining it.
   2 Assistant Siu-eon Cool'.dge reports, in January, 1844, that "the latitude and longitude of this post have recently been approximately determined by Captain
Cadv 6th infantry,"at 35° 4?' 10", and 95" 3' 15". by calculations based on McCoy's survey of the Cherokee boundaries in 1837. The source of the determination
used is not known." 
                GEOGRAPHICAL   POSITIONS  OF  THE   MILITARY   POSTS.            589

 ort Scott, Kansas.—Near the M.irmiton river, four miles from the western  boundary of Missouri, on the  military road from Fort
                  Leavenworth to Fort Gibson.   The locality is a high table  prairie, which, at  the south of the Marmiton, divides
                  the  tributaries  of  the  Missouri from those  of the  Arkansas.  Exposure particularly open and  unconfined.
                  Position from Mitchell's map of Missouri.   Altitude estimated.

Jefferson Barracks, Missouri—On the west bank of the Mississippi, ten miles below St. Louis.  The locality is on a bluff 100 feet
                  above the river, with a somewhat hilly back ground.  Exposure not open westward, but affected by the river depres-
                  sion.  Position derived from that of St. Louis.  Altitude from Nicollet, for the surface of the Mississippi.

St. Louis Arsenal, Missouri.—On the west bank of the Mississippi, three miles below the city of St. Louis.  The locality is on the
                  immediate bank of the river, much  confined in regard to exposure, and affected by local  extremes.  Position that
                  of Nicollet for St.  Louis Cathedral.  Altitude from  Dr. Engelmann's barometric comparisons with New Orleans.

Newport Barracks, Kentucky.—At  Newport, on the south bank of the Ohio  river, opposite Cincinnati.  The exposure  is generally
                  open.   Position derived from that of Professor  Mitchell's observatory, on  Mount Adams, an eminence  overlooking
                  Cincinnati from the northeast.   Altitude approximate, above the river.

Detroit Barracks, Michigan.—At Detroit, within the  city limits.   The locality  has been changed at times,  always retaining  an
                  open inland exposure.   Position from Army Meteorological Register, 1831 to 1842.*

Dearbornville Arsenal, Michigan.—Near Detroit, on the river Rouge, about ten miles west of the city.  Country low and flat.
                  Position derived from that of Detroit.

Fort Gratiot, Michigan.—At the southern extremity of Lake Huron, west bank of St. Clair river.  Exposure generally open, and
                  over an undulating forest country, without hills.  Position from  Mitchell's map ; approximate.
Fort Mackinac,  Michigan.-—Island  of Mackinac, in the straits connecting Lakes Huron and Michigan.  The  fort  is on an abrupt
                  elevation, 150 feet  above the lake, with a hundred feet or more of greater elevation in a hill north of it.  Expo-
                  sure particularly open, except to the north.  Position from Captain Macomb's  Survey of the Lakes.

Fort Brady, Michigan.—At the  outlet of Lake Superior, Sault  St. Marie, on  the  south side of that river.  It is fifteen miles from
                  the  open lake, on  a shore but little elevated above the river, and with an open exposure.  Latitude and altitude
                  from Army Meteorological Register, 1831 to 1842.  Longitude by Major Long, Topographical Engineers, 1823.

Fort Wilkins, Michigan.—At Copper Harbor, Keewenaw  point, south shore of Lake Superior.   The precise location and exposure
                   are not known.  Position from the  maps of the geological surveys.

Fort Howard, Wisconsin.—At Green bay, on the west side of Fox river, at its mouth.  Locality but slightly elevated, with a low,
                  marshy inland  exposure.   Position from Mitchell's map of Wisconsin.

Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin.—On Rock river, about forty miles west of Milwaukie.  Position from recent maps of Wisconsin.

Fort Dearborn, Illinois.—At Chicago, on the immediate bank of  Chicago  river, and very near the shore  of Lake Michigan.
                  Entirely level and open prairie and lake exposure.  Position that of Chicago in American Almanac, 1855.

Fort Winnebago, Wisconsin.—On  the  east bank of Fox river, (tributary to  Green  bay,) central Wisconsin.   District low,  level,
                  marshy, and open.  Position from Army Meteorological Register, 1826 to 1830, compared with Nicollet's and  other
                  recent maps.   Altitude derived from those of  Fort Crawford and Fort Howard ; approximate.

Fort Crawford, Wisconsin.—At Prairie du Chien, on the  east bank of the Mississippi, two miles above the mouth  of the  Wis-
                  consin  river.  Exposure of the locality open,  with  bluffs at two  or three  miles distance.   Position  from Army
                  Meteorological Register, 1826 to 1830, compared with Nicollet's and Owens' maps.t  Altitude that of Prairie du
                  Chien,  from  Nicollet.
Fort Armsrtong, Illinois.—On Rock  island, in the  Mississippi river, four  miles above the mouth of Rock river.  Position from
                  Nicollet's map.

Fort Atkinson, Iowa.—On Turkey river, northwest of Dubuque, and  near fifty miles westward from the Mississippi at  the nearest
                  point.   Locality not known.  Position from Nicollet's map.   Altitude estimated.

Fort Ripley (Gaines,) Minnesota—On the west bank of the Mississippi, six miles  south of the mouth of Crow-wing river.   Ex-
                  posure  generally level and open, with gradual elevations in  the  back ground.   Position and altitude from those of
                  mouth  of Crow-wing river, by Nicollet.

Fort Snelling, Minnesota.—At the  junction of the St. Peter's with  the Mississippi river, on the enclosed angle.  The position is
                  locally  elevated, but it has a background of bluffs protecting  it  on the northwest.   Position  and  altitude  from
                  Nicollet.
Fort Ridgely, Minnesota.—At  the head  of navigation of the St.  Peter's river, near seventy miles southwest of  Fort Snelling.
                  Position from Nicollet's map.   Altitude estimated from Nicollet's altitudes of points on the St.  Peter's river.
* St. Paul's Church, Detroit, is given in the American Almanac for 1855 at S3° 2' 30" Vt. long.
t Position for Fur Company's house, by Nicollet, lat. 43° 3' 6" N.; 91° 9' 19" W. Ion. 
590           GEOGRAPHICAL  POSITIONS   OF   THE   MILITARY   POSTS.
Fort Dodge, (Clarke,) Iowa.—On the upper portion of the Des Moines river, at the junction of Lizard fork.  Exposure generally
                   open, surrounded by extensive prairies.  Position from Owen's Geological Report.  Altitude by Owen for course
                   of Des Moines river ; by Nicollet at its mouth.
Fort Des Moines,  Iowa.—On the Des Moines river, central Iowa.   Exposure generally open.  Position from Owen's Geological
                   Report.  Altitude from Owen for  Des Moines river ; from Nicollet for its mouth.

Fort Croghan, Iowa.—On the east bank of the Mississippi, near twenty miles below Council Bluffs.   High bluffs are at some  distance
                   from the river, three to six miles, but  the exposure  is generally open.  Position from  Nicollett's  map.   Altitude
                   from Lieutenant Donelson,  1854.

Council Bluffs,* Nebraska.—On the west  side  of the Missouri river, thirty miles above the mouth of  the Platte.  The bluffs are
                   much  exposed  toward all  points, while the  immediate  valley of the river is confined and local.  Position from
                   Nicollet's map.  Altitude from Nicollet and Lieutenant Donelson, 1854 ; (1032 feet for the river, and 1327 feet for
                   the bluffs.)
 Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.—On the west bank  of the Missouri, twenty miles  above the mouth of Kansas river.  The locality is
                   elevated end the exposure particularly open.   Position by Fremont; altitude that of Nicollet for the landing;, 746
                   feet, 150 feet being given by the officers as the height of the post above the river.

Fort Riley, Kansas.—On the angle formed by the junction of Republican fork (or Pawnee river) and Kansas river.  Surrounded by
                   open  plains.  Latitude by  Captain Gunnison ; longitude from Fremont.f   Altitude  derived from [positions on
                   Captain Gunnison's line of  railroad survey ; approximate.

Fort Kearny,J  Nebraska.—On the south bank of Platte river, midway between the Mississippi and the Rocky mountains.  The
                   valley of the Platte is broad, and the bluffs are remote and of moderate elevation.  Position from Captain Stansbury,
                   Topographical Engineers, 1850.   Altitude by Fremont.

Fort Laramie, Nebraska.—At the junction of the Laramie river with the north fork of the Platte.   Locality elevated, and exposure
                   open, over  naked plains and bluffs.  Position by  Fremont, 1843.  Altitude from Captain Stansbury's map.

 Fort Atkinson, Kansas.—Near the crossing of the Arkansas river, Santa Fe route, twenty-six  miles below the point so designated.
                   The bluffs are low, and the  country on  all sides  unbroken prairie, without timber  even  on the river  bottom.
                   Position and altitude from Captain Gunnison's railroad survey,  1854.
 Fort Arbuckle, Indian Territory.—Near the Washita river, " four  miles  southward at the nearest point, and  seventy-six milts
                   north of west of the junction of this with Red  river. "§  The  country generally open, though woody at the post.
                   Hills at the southward.  Position measured from the general Pacific railroad map, 1855.||   Altitude derived from
                   comparison with points on Captain Whipple's line of survey; approximate.

 Fort Worth, Texas.—On the west fork of the  Trinity river, Upper Texas.  The locality is a high, open prairie, fully exposed, and
                    intermediate between the two belts of woodland called the Cross Timbers.  Elevation above the stream,  150 feet.
                   Position  from Colonel Johnston's  map, Topographical Engineers, 1849.  Altitude estimated by comparison with
                   that of Red river and other points.

 Fort Graham, Texas.—On the east bank of the Brazos, Jose Maria village.  The valley of the Brazos,  though wide, is bounded by
                   bluff banks, which give a somewhat local character  to the  exposure.  Position from Colonel Johnston's map, 1849.
                    Altitude estimated.

 Fort Belknap, Texas.—" On the north bank  of the  Red fork of the  Brazos, 110  miles northwest  of Fort Graham. The locality is
                    on the edge of a rolling  prairie extending back  many miles."IT South of the river there are hills.  Position from
                    Captain Pope's map, 1855.  Altitude estimated from altitudes taken near it on the line of Pope's survey.

 Post Phantom Hill, Texas.—Clear fork of Brazos river.  This post is about seventy-five miles southwest of Fort Belknap, in a simi-
                    larly high  and open country.  Position derived from points of the surveys of Johnston, Pope, and others.   Altitude
                    similarly obtained.

 Fort Chadbourne, Texas.—On Oak creek, a  tributary of the Colorado  river from the north.  The surrounding country is hilly and
                    mountainous, but the particular features of the locality are not known.   Position and altitude from a sketch by
                    Assistant Surgeon Swift, based on survey by Colonel Johnston, of Topographical  Engineers.

 Camp J. E. Joh.vston, Texas.—On the  Concho river, a branch  of the Colorado from the south, near forty miles southwest of Fort
                    Chadbourne.  The locality is in a valley, five  miles wide, surrounded by hills and  mountains in the distance.
                    Position and altitude from a sketch by Assistant Surgeon Swift, based  on surveys by Colonel Johnston.

    * The town of Council Bluffs is on the east side of the river, below the site of the old fort.
    t Fremont gives the longitude of an encampment half a mile west of the junction of these rivers at 96° 24' 56" ; 1843.
    + " Old Fort Kearney" was on the Missouri, below the mouth of the Platte.
    J Assistant Surgeon Glisan, 1852.
    | The position given previou- to  1854 was from the best Topographical Bureau's maps, but the  great discrepancies previously existing in the positions of thia
 part of our territory are mainly removed by the recent Pacific railroad surveys.  The final position is taken from these.
    r Assistant Surireon Baily, 1S52. 
GEOGRAPHICAL  POSITIONS  OF  THE   MILITARY  POSTS.
591
Fort Gates, Texas.—On  the Rio Leon,  a tributary of the Brazos river, fifty-five miles southwest of Fort Graham.   The locality is
                  in a valley with much wooded country in the vicinity.  Position from Colonel Johnston's map.  Altitude estimated.

Fort Croghan, Texas.—On a small tributary of the Colorado, near ten miles from that river, and in a somewhat sheltered valley.
                  Position from Johnston's map.  Altitude approximate.

Fort Martin Scott, Texas.—At  Fredericksburg, on the Rio Pedernales, a branch  of the Colorado river.  It is two miles  from
                  Fredericksburg and seventy-five from San Antonio.  The locality is  in a valley, with hills and mountains at the
                  west.   Position from Johnston's map.   Altitude approximate.

Fort McKavett, Texas.—On the  San Saba river, a branch of the Colorado.  The locality is on the south bank, at  an elevation of
                  100 feet above  the river, and with a  generally  open exposure.  Position by Assistant Surgeon Crawford, from
                  Johnston's surveys, corrected  by comparison with recent surveys.   Altitude by Assistant Surgeon Crawford.

Fort Mason, Texas.—On the Llano river, a tributary of the Colorado.  A hilly district, though not locally confined in its exposure.
                  Position from combined railroad map, 1855.

Fort Terrett, Texas.—At the  source of the Rio Llano, a tributary of the Colorado.  The locality is on a small  plain, with a very
                  hilly and broken country in the direction of the source of the river.   Position from the recent combination of survey
                  maps.  Altitude (from Assistant Surgeon Anderson) by Colonel Johnston, Topographical Engineers.

Austin, Texas.—At  the city of Austin, on the Colorado.   The locality  at which the observations were taken not known. This point
                  is at the head of navigation of the Colorado, and differs much in altitude and climate from the chain of posts at the
                  westward.  Position from Johnston's map.

San Antonio, Texas.—At the  town of San Antonio, on San Antonio  river.  The precise position of the buildings for military occu-
                  pation  is not known.  The  station compares very  well with  Austin, and is but little more elevated.   Position
                  from Johnston's and other maps.  Altitude by Major Graham, Topographical Engineers.

Fort  Ewell, Texas.—On the Neuces river, at  its southern  bend.  The country a  low and  generally arid plain.  Position  from
                   Johnston's and the railroad maps.

Fort Merrill, Texas.—On  the Neuces river, midway  between Fort Ewell and Corpus  Christi.   The country a low arid plain.
                   Position from the recent survey maps.

Corpus Christi, Texas.—At the head of Corpus Christi bay.  The exposure to the Gulf of Mexico is somewhat broken by the distance
                   and the islands separating the coast bays from the Gulf.  Position by Captain Cram, Topographical Engineers.

Fort Brown, Texas.—At Brownsville, opposite  Matamoras, and on the  north side of the Rio Grande, about twenty miles from  the
                   coast of the Gulf.  Position from the Boundary Survey.

Ringgold Barracks, Texas.—Near the town of Rio Grande, and nearly opposite Camargo, Mexico, on the Rio Grande, sixty  miles
                   above  Fort Brown.  The locality is on the  low  banks of the river, with a level back ground.  Position from  the
                   Mexican Boundary Survey, through the medical officer.

Fort McIntosh, Texas.—At Laredo, valley of  the Rio Grande, on a sandy plain, fifty feet above the river, two miles  in width, and
                   with a  moderately  hilly back ground.   Exposure free.   Position from Boundary Survey.   Altitude approximate.

Fort Duncan,  Texas.—At  Eagle Pass  of the  Rio Grande, on a  dry elevated  plateau, much above the  river bed.  The locality is
                   overlooked by a range of sand hills of moderate elevation.  Position from Boundary Survey.  Altitude estimated;
                   approximate.
Fort Inge, Texas —On the Leona river, forty-five  miles northeast of Fort  Duncan.   The district is moderately hilly  and generally
                   wooded.   Position from  Captain Thom, Topographical Engineers, from data of Boundary Survey.  Altitude by
                   Colonel Graham.
Fort Lincoln, Texas.__On the Rio Seco, a branch of Neuces river, fifty-five miles west of San Antonio.  The district is quite open
                   and arid  and the locality elevated, with free exposure south and east, and some  protecting hills at the northwest.
      0            Position from Johnston's surveys.  Altitude approximate.

Fort Clark  Texas.__On the  Las Moras, a small tributary of the Rio Grande, and  about thirty miles north  of Fort Duncan.  At
                   the west bank of the river, on a local elevation of fifty feet above  it.  Exposure free, and the vicinity  wooded.
                   Position from general railroad map, 1855.   Altitude estimated; approximate.

Fort Davis  Texas.—In the mountains between the  Pecos river and  El Paso, near Wild Rose Pass, at  the  sources  of the Limpia
                   river.  The location of the post is in a deep canon of the mountains,  selected for the purpose of protection against
                   the severity of the winters.   Position and altitude from  Assistant Surgeon Guild,  by Lieutenant  Smith,  Topo-
                   graphical Engineers.
   Note -The observations made at " El Paso" in 1850,1851, &c., were at a locality opposite the town, and slightly above it.  Fort Bliss is lower down, a little
below El'paso, at Magoffinsville.  The observations are  combined as at  one locality.  (See  report of Captain Pope, Topographical Engineers, of railroad
explorations, pp. 43, 44, &c, 1851.) 
592           GEOGRAPHICAL  POSITIONS  OF   THE   MILITARY  POSTS.

Fort Bliss, Texas.—Nearly opposite El Paso, on the north bank of the Rio Grande.  The locality is in  the immediate river vallc}',
                   opening southward.  Table lands border the  river here.   Position that of El Paso, by the Boundary Commission.
                   Altitude that, of Molino, near El P; so, by the Boundary Commission.

Fort Fillmore, New Mexico.—Near Mesilla, on the east side of the Rio Grande, near forty miles above El Paso.  The locality is a
                   wide valley, with high mountains at ten to fifteen miles distance eastward.  Position from Boundary Commission,
                   through Captain Thorn, Topographical Engineers.   Altitude by Lieutenant Parke, Topographical Engineers.

Dona  Ana,  New Mexico.—In the Rio  Grande valley, near fifty  miles above El Paso, and seven miles below the terminus of the
                   Jornada del Muerto.  The locality is a wide valley, with high protecting mountains at several  miles distance.
                   Position and altitude from the Mexican Boundary Survey.

Fort Thorn,  New Mexico.—"In the valley of the Rio  Grande, and  opposite the centre of the  Jornada, sixty miles below  Fort
                   Conrad."*  The  location is  at  Santa Barbara, elevated fifty feet above the  river border, and with a back ground
                   of high mountains west and  north.   Position derived from those of Dona  Ana  and Fort Webster.  Altitude
                   approximate.

Fort Webster, New Mexico.—At the Copper Mines, near  the  sources of the Rio Mimbres  and of the Gila,  Sierra Madrc.f  In a
                   caiion among abrupt mountains.   Position from the Mexican Boundary Survey.

Fort Conrad,  New Mexico.—On the west bank of the Rio Grande, near Valverde, and near one hundred and fifty miles above El
                   Paso.   The locality is on a gravelly mesa, half a  mile west of the  river, which rises  by successive  steps  into a
                   rougli and  high  range of mountains.  No  immediate protection.   Position  and altitude from  Assistant Surgeon
                   Langworthy,  1853; not instrumentally determined.

Fort Craig, New Mexico.—At the northern terminus of the Jornada del Muerto, Rio Grande valley.  This post is nine miles below
                   Fort Conrad,  southward, and on the river.  High mountains approach very near at the west.

Socorro, New Mexico.—On  the west bank of the Rio Grande, in a recess of hills and abrupt mountains of great elevation,  which
                   nearly surround it, and renders its exposure confined and local.   Position from Major Emory's  survey.  Altitude
                   from Major Emory.

Albuquerque,  New Mexico.—At  the town of Albuquerque, east bank of the Rio Grande.   The valley is  here more open, and the
                   mountains less abrupt, than at Socorro. Position and altitude by Captain Whipple, Topographical Engineers, 1854.

Cebolleta, (Laguna,) New Mexico.—At the sources of a  branch of the Puerco river, west of the  Rio  Grande  and southwest of
                   Santa Fe.   At Cebolleta the post was in a narrow valley or glen, facing eastward, with a very defective and local
                   exposure.   Subsequently, in October, 1851, the post was removed  twenty miles southward  to  Laguna, an open
                   valley of the  San Jose river, a tributary of the Rio Puerco.  Position  and  altitude  of  Laguna  from  the railroad
                   survey of Captain Whipple, Topographical Engineer, 1854.  Position of Cebolleta from Simpson's map.

Abiqeiu, New Mexico.— On the Rio de Cbama, a  tributary of the Rio  Grande from the west, northwest of Santa Fe.  The locality
                   is a narrow valley in the vicinity of very high mountains.  Position  from Simpson's map.  Altitude approximate.

Santa Fe, New Mexico.—On an elevated plateau, near forty miles eastward of the  Rio Grande.  The local exposure  is very  free
                 " and open, but lofty mountain ranges  enclose the plateaus and the immediate valley of the river.  Position  and
                   altitude by Major Emory.

Las Vegas, New Mexico.—Near fifty miles eastward from Santa Fc,  on the sources of Pecos river, and fi.t the border of the  Great
                   Plains.  The  locality is  much  confined, and influenced by high mountains at the northwest and northeast, but it
                   opens  freely southeastward over  the high plains  of upper Texas.  Position and altitude derived from points of
                   Captain Whipple's line of survey, 1854.

Fort Union, New Mexico.—Northeastward from  Santa Fe about fifty  miles, on the Moro river, a branch of the  Canadian. Locality
                  in a mountainous region, opening eastward to the Great Plains.  Position from Assistant Surgeon J. Byrne, deter-
                   mined.  Altitude from the same, approximate.

Rayado, New Mexico.—In a  mountain valley, near the Cimarron river, a branch of the Canadian from the west.  Locality moun-
                  tainous. Position from Simpson's map of New Mexico.                                                "

Taos, New Mexico.—At the town  of Taos, north  of  Santa Fe, an elevated plateau, near a tributary of the Rio  Grande from  the
                  east.  Exposure generally open, similar to Santa Fe in  the position of adjacent mountains.   Position  from  Lieu-
                  tenant Parke's map, 1851.  Altitude approximate.

Cantonment Burgwin, New  Mexico.—Near the Rio Grande,  nine  miles northward from Taos.  A rough mountainous district.
                  Local features not known.  Position and altitude derived from those of Taos.

Fort Massachusetts, New Mexico.—In a  sheltered valley on Utah creek, opening into the great valley of San Luis. Lofty moun-
                  tains rise abruptly on the east, and surround San Luis valley on all sides.  Position and latitude from the railroad
                  survey of Captains Gunnison and Beckwith, 1854.
* Report of explorations by Brevet Captain John Pope, Topographical Engineers, Ir'A.
•j-Thc post was removed in October, l'.V-', to a point on the Kio Mimbres, eight miles east-northeast of the Copper Mines. 
               GEOGRAPHICAL   POSITIONS   OF  THE    MILITARY   POSTS.          593

Fort Defiance,  New Mexico.—In  a greatly elevated district  of mesas  and mountains, west of the principal chain of the Sierra
                   Madre, and near the sources of the Rio de Chelly, a tributary of the Colorado of California.   The  locality is " a
                   narrow cailada," affected by  local influences, with high mountains northward.  Position from Sitgreave's  and
                   Whipple's surveys.  Altitude derived from points on Whipple's survey; approximate.

Fort Yuma, California.—On the  west bank  of the Great Colorado, eighty miles  from  the  head of the Gulf of California.   The
                   locality is a rocky bluff, seventy-five feet  above the river,  with sand hills and rocky bluffs  bordering the wide
                   valley, and connecting with  an immense sand desert on the west.  Position by Lieutenant Whipple,  Topographical
                   Engineers.   Altitude from Lieutenant Parke, 1853.

San Diego, California.—Near the town of San Diego, at the head of a valley  six  miles distant from the Old Presidio,  northeast, and
                   eight miles from the sea shore.   The valley opens upon the plain extending to the town and shore hills, of 250 feet
                   elevation, bordering the valley and a range of mountains  lying about fifteen miles east.* Position from Lieutenant
                   Williamson's survey map, 1855, based on Boundary Commission and Coast  Survey positions for San Diego.  Alti-
                   tude approximate.

San Luis Rey, California.—At a  town of that name, near forty miles  northwest  of San Diego.  The  locality is in a  wide valley
                   opening to the sea, and but  four miles from it.   Position  from Lieutenant Williamson's survey map, 1854.

Post Rancho del Chino, California.—In a wide valley near the Rio Santa Ana, thirty-five miles from the coast, and one hundred
                   and twenty miles north of San Diego.  The position is inland,  but without peculiar local features.  Position from
                   Williamson's map, 1854.  Altitude approximate.

Post Rancho de Jurupa, California.—In the valley of the Rio Santa Ana, eighteen miles northeast of Del Chino.   The locality is
                   elevated, in a valley three to four miles wide, with rough  hills  bordering it.  (Assistant Surgeon  R. O. Abbott,
                   September, 1852 )   Position from Lieutenant Williamson's Survey of the Passes of the Sierra Nevada.   Altitude
                   derived from that given by Lieutenant Williamson for San Bernardino.

Fort Tejon, California.—At the head of the San Joaquin valley, in a deep narrow valley opening westward.   Position  and altitude
                   by Lieutenant Williamson,  Topographical Engineers.

Fort Miller, California.—On the San Joaquin river, at the foot hills of the  Sierra Nevada, and about midway in the entire length
                   of the San Joaquin valley.   The locality has  the  peculiar features of this deep valley, several hundred miles in
                   length and  about  fifty  in  width, and shut in by lofty mountain ranges both from  the sea and the interior.t
                   Position and altitude by Lieutenant Williamson, Topographical Engineers, 1854.

Monterey, California.—On the south shore of the bay of Monterey, near seventy  miles (direct) south-southeast from San Francisco.
                   The locality is a low plain, with a gentle slope in  the back ground, and a very full exposure  to  the sea.   The
                   mountains are too far distant to influence the position. Position from Lieutenant Wise, United States navy,  1847,
                   and Coast Survey,  1851.  Altitude changed in 1850 and again in 1852.

San Francisco, California.—At Presidio San Francisco, near the city.  The  locality is  an elevated point, three miles west of the
                   city toward the  coast, and much  more directly exposed to the sea. The entrance to San Francisco bay bounds the
                   point on the north.  Position from United States Coast Survey, 1853.

Sonoma, California.—On a small  stream entering into  San  Pablo bay, near  forty miles north of  San  Francisco.   The  locality  is
                   partially  protected from the sea exposure by spurs of the  coast range of mountains, and its character in this respect
                   is intermediate between the posts of the coast and those of the interior of California.  Position derived from Coast
                   Survey and other maps ; approximate.

Benicia, California.—At the town of Benicia, entrance to Suisun bay, thirty miles northeast of San  Francisco.  The locality is one
                   mile eastward from the town, with an exposure over water surface and low plains in all directions except north and
                   northwest, where there are  protecting hills.  The nearest point on the Pacific coast is  southwest  thirty-five miles;
                   in  a right line west it is distant fifty miles.  Position  from Com.  Ringgold's Chart, United States navy, 1850.
                   Altitude from Assistant Surgeon Griffin.

Camp Anderson, California.—At  Sutter City, near Sacramento, 120 miles northeast  from San Francisco. The exposure is locally
                   over low plains, with much water surface, in the wide interior valley of Sacramento.   Position from Com. Ring-
                   gold's Chart, 1850.  Altitude approximate.

Camp Fvr West  California.—On Bear creek, a tributary of Feather river, near fifteen miles  from its mouth and from the town  of
                   Marysville, and thirty-five miles north-northeast from Sacramento.   The locality is a confined valley at the base  of
                   the foot  hills of the Sierra Nevada, on  the east side of the  great Sacramento  valley.  Position from Assistant
                   Surgeon  Murray, compared.   Altitude approximate.
* The local description is by Assistant Surgeon Summers, October, 1852.  The locality is said to have been changed to other points of the plain and vicinity.
f Assistant Surgeon Sorrel, September, 1S51.
                  75 
59-i           GEOGRAPHICAL   POSITIONS   OF   THE  MILITARY   POSTS.

Fort Reading, California.—On a small tributary of Sacramento  river, one and a half miles from that river, and  near five miles
                  from the town of Trinidad.   The locality is a confined valley, with dry table lands in the immediate vicinity.  It
                  is near the upper extremity of Sacramento valley, and the mountain ranges are from twenty to forty miles distant
                  at either  side.  Position and altitude from Lieutenant Beckwith,  United States  army, 1S54.  (Report of Pacific
                  Railroad Explorations.)

Fort Humboldt, California.—Near the town  of Bucksport, Humboldt bay, coast of California.  The locality is a plateau of sliglit
                  elevation fronting the bay and fully open to the Pacific.  From the coast, eastward two miles.   Position and altitude
                  from Assistant Surgeon Deyerle, derived from United States Coast Surveys.

Fort Jones, California.—At  Scott's valley, on a small tributary of Klamath river, near 100 miles from the head of Sacramento
                   valley, and an equal distance in a direct line from the Pacific coast.  The locality  is not closely confined, though with
                  high mountains—the Siskiou and Salmon ranges—on  the  south  and east.   Position  and altitude  from Assistant
                   Surgeon Crane, December, 1852,
Fort Orford, Oregon.—At  Port Orford, near ten miles southward from Cape Blanco, or Orford.  The  locality  is at the head of a
                  bay (Tichenor bay or Ewing Harbor) opening southward,  and the exposure very direct to the  Pacific.   Position
                   from Assistant Surgeon Milhau,  lb54, compared.                                 a

Fort Lane, Oregon.—Near Jacksonville, Rogue river, in a large valley opening westward, with high mountain  ranges in the vicinity.
                   Position from surveys of Oregon, through Assistant Surgeon Crane, 1854.

Astoria, Oregon.—At the town of Astoria, south bank of the Columbia river, near ten miles from the  coast of the Pacific.  The
                  locality has a free exposure over water service and low plains to the sea, with rough  hills at the south and east.
                   Position from United States Coast Survey, 1853.

Fort Vancouver, Columbia Barracks, Oregon.—On the north bank of the Columbia river, eighty miles in a direct line from the
                   Pacific at its mouth.  The  valley of the river opens northwestward here, and  the coast range of mountains pro-
                   tects it from sea exposure.  The Barracks and old Fort Vancouver have been occupied alternately  ; the difference
                   of position is unimportant.   The plain  is low and wide, with much water surface in the vicinity.   Position by Dr.
                   Evans, survey of Oregon, 1852.

 Fort Dalles, Oregon.—At the passage of the Columbia river through the eastern portions of the Cascade range of mountains.  The
                   locality is on the south bank of the river, half a mile from it, and elevated about one hundred feet.  The exposure
                   is over bare plateaux, with the Cascade range protecting the district at the west.  Position from Assistant Surgeon
                   Summers.  Altitude from Lieutenant Saxton, (of the North Pacific railroad survey,) 1854.

 Fort Steilacoom,  Washington Territory.—At Steilacoom, the southern extremity of Puget's sound.  The locality is  one mile
                   east  from the shore of the sound, with open plains and much water surface in the vicinity.  The Cascade  and
                   coast ranges of mountains enclose the area of the sound and plains.  Position from the survey of Oregon, 1852.

 Cantonment Loring, Oregon.—Near  Fort  Hall, upper  portion of Lewis'  Fork of  Columbia. The post is about equidistant from
                   Great  Salt Lake and the South Pass, north and west respectively.   The locality is on the east bank of the  river,
                   five miles above Fort Hall, in a low valley three  to five miles wide.  The principal  mountains are too far distant
                   to affect the position locally. Position and altitude derived from those of Fort  Hall, by Fremont,  1843

 Great Salt Lake, Utah.—On a plain near ten miles south of  the lake.  A  chain of mountains is quite near at the east, but in other
                   directions the exposure is open and free.   Position  by Captain Stansbury, Topographical  Engineers, 1850.  Alti-
                   tude from five months barometic observations by  Lieutenant Beckwith, United States army, 1854.
   Note.—Valuable information respecting the local features of several posts in the least known portions of Texas and New Mexico has been communicated by
Assistant Surgeon White. 
CONSOLIDATED TABLES  AND SUMMARIES.
TEMPERATURE  SERIES
    In the following tables the mean results of the observations of temperature are given for each
month,  season and year during the entire period of observation at each post, with a summary for the
whole period.   A part only of the records from 1822 to 1830 was published in the first preparation
of results ;  and in the second,  incomplete years, and observations not continuous for a series of years,
were also omitted.  The series as now given embrace all the unpublished as well as published records
of the Army Medical Bureau,  from the complete organization  of the system of meteorological obser-
vations in 1822 to the close of 1854, a period of thirty-three years.
                        FORT KENT, MAINE.

Latitude 47° 15' N., Longitude 68° 35' //"'".   Altitude above sea 575 feet.
1842.
1843.
              FORT FAIRFIELD, MAINE.

Latitude 46° 46', Longitude 67° 49'.   Attitude 415 feet.
11.43 i 17.14
19.90  10.17
26.41
23.IS
34.04
33.40
46.66 ' 56.15
49.03  57.96
65.40
60.16
65.07
64.74
40.92
30.05  13.53
35.70
36. S7
             HANCOCK BARRACKS, MAINE.

Latitude 46°  07', Longitude 67° 49'.  Altitude 620 feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1S42....	6.64	14.04	25.11	33.59	45.15	57.20	64.63	64.05	49.70	40.34	29.35	12.02	34.62	61.98	39.80	10.90	36.82
1343....	19.21	8.53	24.54	40.00	50.96	62.10	64.47	63.70					38.50	65.09			
1844....					46. S4	£9.19	59. OS	59.68	53.47	39.82	26.59	10.70		59.65	39.96		
1845....	7.44	12.31	20.94	32.26	44.49	57.49	61.73	61.73			......		32.56	60.33			
Mean ..	11.10	11.63	23.53	35.2S	46.86	53.99	62.49	63.55	51.59	40.03	27.97	11.36	35.22	61.63	39. S3	11.36	37.04
j 62.21	40.80	14.03	3S.06
60.95			
J 61.58	40.30	14.28	38.11
1829....	11.86	15.15	25 32	41.31	56.44	61.70	60.08	62.46	49.29	42.19	26.94	25.77	41.02	61.41	39.47	17.59	39. S7
1330....	6.95	13.54	27.92	46.18	52.46	60.80	63.12	64 40	53.97	47.49	38.65	27.19	42.19	64.44	46.70	15.89	42.30
1831....	12.51	19.19	31.31	33.23	56.71	66.16	63.73	67.70	57.44	46.2S	36.07	8.64	42.03	67.53	46.59	13.44	42.41
1832....	17.41	12.63	27.57	33.06	49.49	55.60	62.16	63.33	57.44	46.36	31.46	15.41	36.70	61.37	45.09	15.17	39.58
1833....	14.14	11.69	23.56	39.77	53.72	55.30	65.66	61.24	52.83	45.65	31.26	24.62	39.02	60.73	42.26	16.82	37.46
1S34....	10.12	23.89	27.20	42.55	47.67	59.62	63.43	63.45	5).41	41.94	3:1.67	11.24	39.14	63.85	44.01	15.08	40.52
1S35....	16.70	13.72	23.23	37.07	47. IS	59.79	64.99	62.93	53.23	48.03	27.97	9.74	35. S4	62.57	43.03	13.39	38.72
1836....	16.41	11.51	2S.37	37.66	49.22	62.73	67.35	62.62	55.18	33 10	30.10	17.19	38.42	64.23	41.13	15.04	39.70
 
&Ql\
CONSOLIDATED  TABLES  AND   SUMMARIES
        HANCOCK BARRACKS, MAINE—Continued.
Latitude 46° 07', Longitude 07° 49'.  Altitude 620 feel.
	Jan.	Feb. March.		April.	May.	June.	July.	All!?.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.
1S37....	16.09	16.37	27.08	39.42	49.93	CO. 79	63.24	63.09	56.85	4120	29.10	17.96
1S38...4	20.60	13.63	34.76	36.93	50.62	67.02	6S.27	63.49	56.44	41.18	27.59	14.28
1S39....	16.66	19.41	27.43	42.92	43.43	57. S5	67.01	65.89	56.52	45.14	31.16	25.43
1840....	9.81	23.66	23.77	41.39	52.45	61.64	67.84	63.10	56.16	43.50	31.96	15.97
1841....	21.52	15.83	26.87	34. S3	48.07	57.09	64.S6	67.70	59.43	39.13	32.77	23.32
1342....	15.17	20. S4	30.91	33.13	45.93	58.76	65.79	60.24	52. S2	43.93	31.39	14.90
1843....	22.41	12.72	25.98	41.47	50.75	59.38	62.00	64.75	51.50	41.00	27.66	20.75
1S44....	6.45	15.07	25.62	41.63	43.90	60.37	60.66	61.75	55.4S	42.74	23.72	17.50
1S45 ...	15.-39	16.89	20.82	37.47	43.77	60.01	62.92	64.82				
Mean ) 1 17yVs fl	14.72	16.40	27.57	39.42	50.47	60.23	65.18	64.53	55.25	43.37	30.84	18.12
Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
35.SI	62.37	42.33	16.SI	40.09
40.74	66.26	41.72	16.17	41.22
39.59	63.58	41.27	20.52	41.99
40.87	65.80	■13.87	16.413	42.02
30.81	63.22	43.79	20.22	41.01
33.67	62.04	42.73	17.04	40.12
39.40	62.04	40.05	18.04	40.03
33.72	60.93	42.81	14.01	38.99
37.69	62.55			
39.15	63.83	43.15	16.41	40.51
               FORT SULLIVAN, MAINE
Latitude 44° 54',  Longitude 66° 58'.   Altitude 70 feet.
1S22...J	17.86	22.98	1 32.60	37.17	50.49	57.99	G2.34	62.24	55.43	46.63	87.03	24.64	40.09	60.86	47.39	21.S3	42.54
1823....	21.02	17.30	23.91	39.02	17.61	54.73	02.67	62.22	54.97	47.36	31.65	2S.30	3S.51	59.87	44.66	22.21	41.31
1S24....	20.91	21.11	29.30	40.33	46.07	55.85	03.52	62.27	56.69	45.33	34.28	27.67	38.5S	60.55	45.43	23.23	41.95
1S25....	21.IS	22.35	32.92	42.29	50.14	60.97	67.33	64. S3	56.57	47.81	37.94	23.33	41.73	64.38	47.44	23.95	44.39
1826....	23.17	22.72	31.17	39.61	53.96	60.07	66.90	67.53	59.70	48.71	33.24	27.83	41.53	64.83	4S.8S	24.57	44.96
1S27....	20.48	23.07	32.00	43.54	51.54	59.21	66.17	64.94	60.51	51.12			42.36	63.44			
1328....	22.44	29.61	31.02	37.52	50.08	57.47	61.50	65.00	5S.42	47.19	38.53	26.13	39.74	61.31	43.05	26.08	43.79
1S29....	19.57	21.29	29.32	40.93	51.79	58.01	61. OS	61.49	53.24	45.89	37.35	31.67	40.6S	60.19	45.49	24.2?	42.66
1S30....	18.17	19.42	31.05	44. OS	49.69	57.07	63.63	61.76	54.37	43.61	41.92	32.37	41.61	60.82	48.30	23.32	43.51
1831....	19.S7	24.57	35.45	42.81	55. S3	60.27	67.43	66.53	53.96	43.97	39.93	14.77	44.69	64.78	49.29	19.80	44.64
1832....	25.73	20.35	28.52	35.88	49.25	54.36	57.53	62.11	55.07	4S.08	36.43	23.37	37.83	58.00	46.86	23.17	41.48
1833....	23.13	20.19	29.23	41.95	50.27	54.68	62.09	60.50	5S.2S	48.51	36.46	29.90	40.48	59.09	47.75	24.42	42.93
1S34....	19.4S	29.99	83.21	43.32	47.7,'	53.29	62.71	61.04	5S.64	46.00	30.96	20.42	41.43	60.68	47.20	23.30	43.17
	24.34	22.20	29.40	33.11	49.09	55. -38	60.50	59.67	57.02	50.45	36.22	17.23	38.20	53.32	47.90	21.27	41.43
1886....	21.49	17.99	27.73	37.74	45.47	55.13							36.93				
1S41....	80.13	23.97	81.84	38.30	45.05	56.6S	60.82	62.10	60.36	44.25	36.42	28.85	37.56	59.87	47.01	27.65	43.02
1842 ..	23 95	27.96	32.75	39.77	47.77	53.15	63.63	61.41	54.91	45.45	36.10	22.83	40.09	59.41	45.49	24.93	42.4S
1343....	| 29.07	20.30	27.4)	40.48	49.26	57.03	61.2S	61.IS	56.43	47.72	35.33	27.50	39.05	59.85	46.63	25.64	42.77
1844...	16.17	25.61	33.40	45.45	50.33	5S.01	59.19	60.57	53.75	49.08	36.89	27.16	] 43.07	59.26	48.24	22.93	43.30
1S45-...	23.63	24.11	31.45	40.73	47.07	57.45	60.21	63.24					39.77	60.31			
1S49 ..	i ......						61.33	62.36	57.62	47.80	43.54	23.23	| ......		49.65		......
1850...	23.33	27.17	27.21	40.S7	46.55	55.95	61.69	61.51	57.30	50.45	39.71	23.96	33.24	59.72	49.32	25.00	43.07
15--.1...	21.52	26.43	31.68	41.77	43.13	51.31	59.63	61.55	57.63	51.33	35.21	22.41	1! 40.54	53.51	48.26	23.47	42.69
1852...	22.16	26.93	80.33	40.25	49.51	51.00	01.08	60.76	57.72	47.59	33.23	32.85	! 40.05	53.61	47. S6	27.31	43.46
W>3 ..	27.51	27.31	30.92	40.65	4^.83	56.12	61.64	61.20					1 40.13	59.62			
Mean j 25 y'rs j	J oo _37	23.54	30.79	40.44	49.23	56.76	62.33	62.42	1 57.25	47 95	•37.35	25.79	40.15	60.50	47.52	23.90	43.02
 
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES  AND    SUMMARIES.
597
                       FORT  PREBLE,  MAINE.
Latitude  43° 39', Longitude 70°  20'.    Altitude,  20 feet.
            FORT CONSTITUTION,  NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Latitude  43° 04',  Longitude 70° 49'.   Altitude  40 feet.
27.83
27.13
2S.S4
21.31
29.37
24.38
22.92
21.78
25.69
28.66
20.10
26.29
25.41
21.80
81.83
25.89
18. CJ
26.25
28.50
31.79
26.53
35.47
22.79
23.23
25.28
25.65
23.43
31.93
24.22
19.69
24.14
19.20
27.06
31.93
34.84
37.60
36..31
35.52
36.14
31.29
35.45
39.50
34.76
30.69
34.49
31.54
30.17
30.25
34.64
32.72
33.70
46.54
43.05
47.63
42.91
43.86
46.84
45.64
40.12
44.96
44.13
41.83
39.67
41.45
38.71
43.62
45.70
53.59
58.65
53.61
59.25
56.y
53.15
55.03
50.42
55.11
51.07
52.59
50.70
48.24
49.99
50.62
53.13
65.59	71.32
62.71	63.54
61.75	67.64
64.05	69.16
62.64	65.65
62.76	69.12
66.58	63.86
59.65	63.31
59.41	66.77
60.32	63.14
61.35	65.97
55.76	65.73
59.12	62.34
63.13	63.10
57.77	65.33
61.75	66.5S
64.90
67.61
65.16
6S.36
65.00
66.36
68.52
64.62
63.43
64.62
63.32
60.48
61.20
64.51
64.09
65.09
59.23
61.83
60.44
62.24
55.72
57.95
60.06
57.36
5S.81
60.91
56.61
57.11
55.41
58.05
59.06
53.06
51.33
51.73
51.40
53.40
43.54
51 33
51.71
51.30
45.73
47.39
50.77
44.50
47.30
46.67
50.62
39.41
40.50
33. S7
41.85
39.52
46.04
40 74
40.77
37.49
39.21
38.05
36.63
37.94
34.51
37.34

40.00
32.96	45.91
SO.21	46.00
29.42	45.59
35.01	46.10
36.48	43.75
33.40	45.15
17.07	46.72
29.36	41.76
31.13	43.59
27.21	43.23
22.52	41.99
28.47	40.13
29.12	39.93
25.65	41.11
31.66	42.32
	44.13
32.51	
67.27
66.29
64.85
67.19
64.43
66.08
67.99
62.53
63.20
C4.3G
63.55
CO. 66
60.89
65.25
62.40
64.47
50.00
51.37
48.57
51.50
47.93
51.79
50.84
49.81
48.34
49.17
4S.78
46.08
40. S3
46.41
49.01
29.53
30.28
25.87
33.28
27.88
26.53
21.37
27.34
27.42
26.43
24.34
24.52
25.03
25.56
28.40
'	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	1 Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1824....	24.!-2	24.42	33.92	43.96	51.51	62.87	6S.66	66.70	60.72	4S.54	34.93	29.25	43.13	66.10	43.08	26.16	45.87
1S25___	22.59	24.63	35.62	46.56	53.47	63.00	73.56	6S.05	53.05	49.97	38.05	23.26	45.22	69.87	48.89	25.16	47.2S
1826....	21.52	24.51	34.76	41.41	59.46	65.32	72.33	68.67	61.34	50.43	37.05	28.14	45.21	OS. 77	49.61	24.72	47.05
1827....	19.65	24.56	33.92	46.74	54.26	G2.91	70.06	66 74	61.52	50.53	32.54	27.74	44.97	66.57	43.20	23.93	45.93
1823....	27.02	33.76	34.83	43.02	52.86	67.31	70. S5	70.66	62.18	49.10	39.13	32.43	43.57	69.61	50.14	24.59	46.9S
1S29....	20.69	20.64	30. S4	44.C6	56.81	64.53	68.06	66.45	55.09	48.21	37.20	32 7-!	43.90	66.35	46.83	24.69	44.94
1S30....	19.93	20.80	34.04	47.96	54.04	62.42	69.87	66. SS	57.88	50..30	44.52	82.41	45.35	66.39	50.90	24.3S	46.75
1331....	21.06	24.47	35.45	46.02	56.76	68.85	71.53	70.48	61.44	50.84	39.22	15.14	46.08	70.29	50.50	20.22	46.77
1S32....	23.41	22.14	32.96				63. SO	66.30	60.00	51.51	39.35	26.97			50.29	21.17	
1833....	26.75	21.64	29.50	44.77	56.20	60.25	69.15	65.15	58.98	48.23	36.50	23.96	43.49	64.85	47.92	25.73	45 51
1834....	20.36	29.35	33. S3	45.14	51.53	62.81	71.40	67.67	61.47	47.39	36.29	24.33	43.52	67.39	48.38	24. S5	46.01
1835....	23.96	21.24	30.50	40.93	53. OS	63.26	68.91	66.08	57.64	51.17	37.04	19.79	41.50	66.03	48.62	21.66	44.-:6
1841	27.13	21.89	30.19	SS.39	48.49	60.87	64.39'	64.22	59.94	43.65	36.26	28.84	39.02	63.16	46.62	25.95	43.69
1842....	25.76	30.04	35.97	41.89	48.39	57.67	67.02	63.01	55.89	47.81	35.26	24.47	42.18	62.57	46.32	26.76	44.46
1843....	29.06		26.89	40.6S	49.73	58.36	62.89	65.3S	56.40	46.73	34.38	29.09	39.10	62.21	45.84		
1S44....	14.36	21.32	31.03	43.00	51.25	60.75	63.00	62.75	5S.00	47.25	35.90	26.25	41.76	62.17	■ 47. 05	20.SI	42.95
1845....	23.67	22.50	30.97	40.70	51.85	62.27	65.52	66.17	56.57				41 17	64.65			
1 40....						63.92	69.69	69.52	63.20	53.50	50.79	26.14		69.33	41.87		
1S50....	24.69	27.41	31.77	40.25	49.47	62.26	66.65	64. S6	53.40	50.27	40.02	22.40	40.50	64.59	49.56	24.83	44.87
1851....	20.01	25.28	33.30	42.60	51.61	5S.71	66.59	65.19	60.00	51.56	35.09	20.56	42.50	63.50	48.88	21.95	44.21
1352....	18.43	23.04	29.41	39.10	51.96	63.71	63.33	64.70	59.11	43.16	36.38	32.00	40.16	65.58	47.83	24.49	44.53
1353....	23.25	25.84	33.41	42.02	53.66	63.24	63.12	65.34					43.03	65.57			
Mean ) 22y'rsf	22.78	24.52	32.53	42.90	\ 52.82	63.11	63.20	66.41	56.91	49.76	37.80	26.80	42.77	65.24	48.16	24.70	45.22
43.18
48.43
46.22
49.52
46.00
47.39
46.73
45.36
45.64
J5.80
44.66
42.86
43.19
44.53
45.5.3 
598
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES   AND    SUMMARIES.
     FORT  CONSTITUTION, NEW  HAMPSHIRE—Continuefl.
Latitude  43°  04',  Lnugitudc  70° 49'.    Altitude  40 feet.
FORT  INDEPENDENCE, BOSTON  HARBOR,  MASSACHUSETTS.
   Latitude 42°  20', Longitude  71° 00'.    Altitude,  50 feet.
29.63
28.73
29.40
21.76
31.43
26.53
27.39
25.08
29.12
31.61
24.55
26.23
25.88
21.95

23.19
27.93
25.52
26.83
23.40
30.45
30.53
27.93
36.14
22.89
26.46
26.62
29.17
26.50
33.90
23.33
19.16
25.07

23.50
30.83
25.00
27.67
35.33
40.14
36.3S
37.26
38.00
30.46
33.39
42.40
37.46
33.86
36.59
31.53
30.81
30.76

32.93
37.55
32.92
35.46
46.16	55.98
4S.76	57.31
43.28	62.02
49.01	50.15
43.44	55.62
46.09	57.55
49.71	53.06
49.48	59.17
42.39	52.60
49.90	59.95
45.55	53.23
42.09	51.02
43.93	59.27
	56.32
41.23	56.51
45.67	57.15
42.41	5S.76
45.57	57.04
64.57
63.86
65.97
63.67
67.06

66.14
70.55
64.07
64.10
63.26
66.02
61.96

64.32
65.22
67.57
65.91
71.07
75.20
71.01
70.20
70 71
66.56
71.32
63.86
67.75
70.77
73.32
71.11
72.09
71.17
67.73
71..:4
69.27
63.52
71.21
67.53
69.43
71.55
69.24
63.47
63.30
69.02
66.75
69.93
69.70
65.57
71.03   69.10
63.46
62.26
63.80
63.59
64.26
59.20
61.84
64.12
62.17
63.05
62.7S
61.70   47.10
52.89
54.44
51.05
53.70
53.13
52.47
55.6S
55.70
54.66
61.72
62.91
63.93
63.71
53.64
51.81
62.78   53.02
WATERTOWN ARSENAL, MASSACHUSETTS.
    Latitude 41°  21', Longitude 71° 09'.
1337....	21.51	25.92	31.52	44.20	53.70	63.6S
ls;s....	32.96	19.01	35.64	41.30	54.57	63.21
1839....	27.24	25.05	36.41	47.92	55.56	61.-34
1540....	19.18	33.45	87.09	47.66	56.75	66.16
1341....	30.82	23.40	35.23			
1S43....	31.69	19.55	26.55	43.51 44.93	55.25	64.30
Mean ) 6 y'r3. f	27.23	25.40	33.75		55.17	64.74
67.69	65.16
74.04	69.93
71.79	69.00
72.56	71.15
69. Os	69.04
03.45	69.80
- ~----	. .---
£9.15	49.09
62.25	47.53
63.25	52.49
60.52	51.33
62.68	44.86
62.13	47.69
61.71	45.S4
40.07
35.72
37.53
33.73
37.60
35.71

87.58
29.36	43.07
26.71	43.83
30.57	46.63
27.18	47.17
31.43	
28.83	41.33
29.02	44.63
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1342...	23.38	30.71	37.19	42.26	50.61	57.46	65.61	64.87	57.33	43.74	37.66	25.09	43.35	62.65	47.91	23.00	45.10
1543...	31.69	19.55	26.53	43.81	55.25	64.30	6S.45	69. SO	62.13	47.69	35.71	28.83	41. S3	67.52	43.51	26.69	46.15
1544....	17.85	25.32	34.17	45.40	53.39	61.91	64.56	63.79	59.73	4S.63	38.26	29.46	44.82	63.42	43.89	24.21	45.21
1S45.... 1349....	26.00	24.99	33.86	42.01	52.99	61.28	67.86 63.74	66.80 63.73	61.28	48.91	44.70	26.23	42.95	65.31	51.63		
1S50....	25.39	2S.57	32.05	40.66	49.51	64.33	67.20	65.41	5S.43	50.02	40.69	23.91	40.74	65.65	49.73	25.96	45.52
1n51....	22.S2	27.33	34.9S	42.09	52.27	60.91	67.70	65.49	58.65	51.33	34.22	20.62	43.11	64.70	43.06	23.59	44.37
1352...	19.76	25.02	31.21	39.00	53.95	64.20	67.37	63.95	53.90	4S.23	35.76	32.13	41.42	C5.14	47.63	25.64	44.96
1S53....	24.20	25.54	32.92	39.17	52.84	64.56	67.45	60.53	59.46				41.64	64.18			
Mean 1 25 y'rs j	24.95	26.21	33.71	42.96	53.00	61.97	67.10	65.07	5S.92	49.47	33.75	28.63	43.22	64.33	49.05	26.60	45. SI
40.02	84.22	:' 45.79	07.81	52.12	30.75	49.12
42.66	32.61	48.74	71.87	53.12	30.60	51.08
41.64	32.92	47.23	63.75	53.16	30.97	50.03
37.22		47.47	67.46	51.50		
44.15	36.75	| 45.71	69.66	53.86	34.96	51.05
42.67	39.56	44.70		51.45	29.63	
43.80	36.97	43.72	63.98	55.44	30.27	50.85
42.33	20.26	50.35	70.32	54.05	23.9S	49.67
44.75	32.47	44.15 47.90	07.02 67.78	53.86	30.25	43.82
39.18	27.79	45.12 42.55	68.29	50.66	2S.75	48.20
36.84	29.91	44.69	67.13	43.55	24.93	46.34
36.92	23.87		63.15	50.76		
39.75	36.58	43.53	63.02	51.49	29.42	48.13
41.93	28.67	46.80	69.58	52.21	29.00	49.40
41.27	26.95	44.70	69.89	54.42	25.82	43.71
41.54	21.39	46.02	63.53	52.45	28.63	48.92
65.51	49.64	25.59	45.91
70.74	48.50	26.22	47.35
67.37	51.10	25.62	45.43
69.95	50.32	26.6i	43.51
	48.3-5	29.57	.....
67.52	43.51	26.69	46.15
68.12   49.33   27.22   47 34 
CONSOLIDATED  TABLES  AND   SUMMARIES,
599
            FORT ADAMS, RHODE ISLAND.




Latitude 41° 29', Longitude 71° 20'.  Altitude 40 feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer	Autumn	Winter.	Year.
1-42....	32. £6	35.48	40.25	46.02	55.20	64.60	73.11	71.59	63.13	52.24	38.06	30.92	47.15	69.76	51.14	32.90	50.23
1S43....	34.40	24.45	29.80	45.16	55.42	65.28	73.22	72. S7	64.69	51.30	37.13	33.31	43.46	70.46	51.01	30.72	4S.66
1844....	23.79	29.02	35.62	47.69	57.56	66.80	71.00	71.11	63.4S	53.63	42.73	34.20	46.96	69.(4	53.23	29.00	49.72
1845....	32.49	28.91	37.75	44.92	53.55	64.36	71.83	72.22	62.84	53.87	46.67	29.28	45.41	69.47	48.35	30.23	48.36
1846....	30.67	25.70	36.35	45.83	54.52	63.37	70.55	69.94	65.27				45.57	67.95			
184S....										53.01	41.00	39.06					
1849....	26.01	24.82	33.15	44.90	53.19	67.04	71.49	71.84	63.50	52.94	50.38	34.56	45.41	70.12	55.61	23.46	49.90
1850....	33.34	84.07	35.40	42.74	53.04	65.04	72.63	70.03	03.64	55.49	45.98	32.72	43.73	69.25	55.04	33.38	50.35
1851....	33.03	34.55	38.56	46.33	55.81	64.50	71.71	69.13	63.40	56.79	41.10	28.38	46.90	68.44	53.76	31.99	50.27
1352 ...	26.49	30.03	35.26	42.15	55.15	65.72	72.33	69.35	63.76	54.62	42.72	40.56	44.19	69.13	53.70	32.36	49.84
1853....	30.55	33.20	38.34	45.34	56.36	67.43	72.87	70.84	64.65				46.68	70.40			
Mean ) 10 y'rs f	30.34	30.02	36.55	45.11	54.93	65.43	72.07	70.89	64.07	53.76	42.86	30.30	45.55	69.46	53.56	30.22	49.70
 FORT WOLCOTT, NEWPORT HARBOR, RHODE ISLAND.




Latitude 41° 30', Longitude 71° 20'.  Altitude 20 feet.
1S22...	26.54	31.82	33.44	47.45	59.93	67.27	74.35	70.80	68.58	55.83	47.95	34.47	4S.61	70.81	57.45	30.94	51.95
1323....	27.23	26.50	36.39	45.80	54.77	64.47	70.85	71.08	62.61	52.49	39. S4	35. SO	45.65	65. SO	51.65	29.84	43.99
1824....	33.54	32.14	37.61	47.86	55.15	65.69	71.46	63.96	64.19	54.60	42.71	37.16	46. S7	63.70	53.83	34.28	50.92
1825....	31.51	32.99	40.86	47.96	56.61	69.12	74.63	71.41	63.16	50. OS	44.63	34.97	43.43	71.72	54.62	33.16	51.99
1826....	33.16	33.63	38.98	44.03	59.53	64.24	72.33	71.26	65.82	55.66	43.43	34.62	47.53	69.23	41.24	37.13	4S.79
1827....	25.05	81.28	38.30	43.42	55.59	64.52	71.16	69.61	63.70	56.06	37.70	36.35	47.44	68.43	52.49	30. S9	49.81
1S23....	33.95	38.68	40.10	44.93	56.36	67.45	71.47	72.70	65.93	54.23	45.77	38.40	47.13	70.54	53.31	37.34	52.08
1529....	28.90	24.97	32.88	44.67	55.83	63.23	66.52	67.57	53.39	50.66	42.72	39.37	44.46	65.77	50.59	31.08	47.98
1830....	29.47	27.52	37.90	46.53	55.05	63.84	70.35	6S.24	60.74	54.42	46.02	37.59	46.49	67.4S	53.73	31.53	49.SI
1831....	25.04	26.66	39.68	47.44	56.75	67.43	69.95	71.62	64.23	55. SS	42.75	22.71	47.96	69.67	54.29	24.80	49.18
1832....	29.27	80.25	36.30	40.89	50.56	59.67	65.78	68.24	61.70	53.69	44.43	34.22	42.58	64.56	53.27	31.58	48.00
1S33....	33.20	23.29	33.94	46.55	56.57	61.13	67.76	66.36	61.60	52.90	40.36	34.39	45.69	65.08	51.62	31.96	48.59
1834....	26.79	34.90	37.23	46.26	52.01	61.79	69.85	67.98	64.02	50.66	40.48	31.57	45.17	66.54	51.72	31.09	48.63
1835....	29.24	27.13	32.69	41.44	53.82	63.43	69.31	6S.40	60.43	57.04	43.64	28.41	42.65	67.05	53.70	28.26	47.91
Mean | 14 y'rs f	29.34	30.56	37.31	45.73	55.61	65.23	70.41	69.59	63.22	54.30	43.03	34.29	46.22	65.41	53.52	34.73	50.72
            FORT TRUMBULL, CONNECTICUT.




Latitude 41° 21', Longitude 72° 06'.   Altitude  23 feet.
1833....				53.49	61.94	65.20	72.38	69.79	65.10	54.82	43.76	33.98		69.12	54.56		
1834....	27.11	36.14	88.37	50.16	57.37	66.85	75.80	71.67	65.42	48.78	38.66	29.90	48.63	71.44	50.95	31.05	50.52
1835....	27.79	26.68	34.12	44.61	57.93	68.85	73.33	70.93	59.43	56.10	43.36	26.96	45.55	71.04	52.96	27.14	49.17
1843....	32.59	19.97	25.85	44.68	53.88	63.65	67.67	69.03	63.21	49.01	36.81	31.25 1	41.47	66.73	49.68	27.94	46.47
1344....	20.92	27.23	35.28	43.80	57.00	63.95	68.44	68.40	61.47	50.18	39.59	29.20 j	47.03	66.93	50.41	25.75	47.54
1845....	31.44	28.77	37.94	45.06	54.00	65.1G	70.23	71.35	62.56	54.36	46.39	27.93 |	45.07	6S.91	54.44	29.38	49.60
 
coo
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES   AND   SUMMARIES,
        FORT TRUMBULL, CONNECTICUT—Continued.
Latitude  41°  21',  Longitude  72°  06'.   Altitude 23 feet.
       FORT COLUMBUS, NEW YORK HARBOR.
Latitude 40° 42',  Longitude  74° 01'.   Altitude 23  feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	M;iy. June.		July.	Aug.	Sept. ; Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	1 Winter.' Year. 1	
1«16.... 1349... 1850.... 1S51... 1S52....	80.19 33.31 32.22 25.85 29.60	25.62 33.90 83.15 80.53 83.59	33.SI 36.10 39.23 35.90 39.25	43.10 43.32 47.30 43.12 46.63	55.02 52.32 53.69 56.25 57.63 53.01	66.04 67.IS 65.40 66.83 6S.23	71.47 72.69 72.08 72.34 71.74	71.14 69.27 6S.91 69.15 71.32	62.82 j 52.02 62,77 , 54.78 63.67 55.07 63.37 54.63 66.15	48.97 44.82 39.88 41.20	33. IS 31.52 27.09 89.45	47.31 44.87 47.61 45.55 47.93	69.55 69.71 6S.79 69.45 70.43	54.60 54.12 52. S7 53.07	82.91 81.02 31.94	50.23 50.07 50.00
Mean \ 11 y'rs j	29.10	29.56	36.09	46.35	56.30	66.12	71.56	70.12	63.27 ! 52.97	42.34	31.11	46.41	69.27	52.86	29.92	49.62
1S22....	26.17	29. S2	42.15	52.35	63.35	70.64	78.39	74,65	70.88	59.10	43.33	34.53	32.62	74.56	59.45	30.17	49.20
1S23....	81.21	25.29	36.38	49.60	5S.86	68.95	74.90	73.43	64.09	51.75	33.23	34.74	48.28	72.11	51.3G	30.41	50.54
1824....	35.29	31.23	37.57	49.94	5S.02	63.26	73.62	70.37	64.15	55.08	42.71	3S.51	48.51	70.75	53.9S	35.03	52.07
1S25....	82.74	32.63	43.71	51.35	62.51	74.53	81.29	73.99	67.42	57.11	43.90	31.70	52 52	76.62	56.21	32.36	54.43
1826....	28.89	31.31	37.67	43.27	64,83	69.77	75.94	75.90	68.85	56.53	43.66	33.14	4S.61	73.87	56.35	81.11	52.48
1827....	24.02	31.95	39.34	52.06	59.54	C8.60	75.63	74.34	67.05	55.90	39.66	83.21	50.31	72.86	54.20	29.73	51.77
182S....	83.59	41.32	40.75	45.27	60.07	72.26	74.67	76.50	66.79	53.89	44.94	38.67	4S.70	74.48	55.04	37.86	54.02
1829....	27.05	25.44	37.8S	52.27	03.85	71.14	73.73	75.00	64.14	54.85	43.87	41.30	51.33	73.29	54.29	81.26	52.54
1S30....	81.74	31.93	41.05	52.88	60.34	70.45	78.75	77.04	67.11	5S.67	51.08	36.96	51.42	75.41	58.95	33.54	54.88
1831...	25.73	26.28	41.93	49.96	61.17	74.08	76.41	76.3S	66.88	55.44	43.27	22.20	51.04	75.62	55.20	24.74	51.65
1832....	28.51	32.2 S	33.98	48.30	56.11	67.14	73.32	73.26	65.40	£4.06	44.72	36.45	47.80	71.24	54.78	32.41	51.54
1333....	35.08	30.91	85.86	51.34	60.73	66.13	74.72	70.57	64.35	52.19	41.48	34.58	49.34	70.47	52. S4	33.52	51.54
1534...	23.28	87.21	39.64	4S.49	56.54	66.75	76.19	71.85	64.22	51.64	40.99	30.76	48.22	71.60	52.28	32.08	51.04
1835....	29.37	27.22	35.59	15.80	53.44	67.12	72.50	69.73	60.69	56.46	43. SI	2S.36	46.61	69.80	53.65	2S.32	49.59
1S36....	27.82	21.51	32.21	44.32	5S.01	62.23	73.01	67.92	63.97	45.86	38.66	31.13	44.85	67.74	49.50	28.17	47.56
1837....	26.86	29.85	34.91	46.03	55.29	64.52	69.51	63.64	62.13	59.22	44.03	35.60	45.22	67.55	55.14	30.60	49.65
1883....	34.49	23.29	37.81	44.16	56.16	70.39	77.13	74.71	65.33	51.66	40.02	29.09	46.04	74.09	52.35	23.95	50.85
1839....	30.43	31.93	33.64	49.81	57.76	60.40	72.97	70.85	66.72	56.31	39.93	35.62	4S.74	69.07	54.32	32.68	51.20
1840....	23. SO	84.85	40.26	51.47	58.02	67.05	72.30	73.32	63.96	55.17	43.58	30.36	49.92	70.89	54.24	29.67	51.IS
1841....	30.84	28.12	37.40	45.93	56.49	69.11	73.95	73.40	63.58	51.86	44.83	33.82	46.62	72.15	55.11	30.93	51.20
1812....	33.72	3S.14	44.59	51.53	58.46	67.19	74.33	72.91	67.14	51.73	39.21	32.12	51.53	71.49	56.03	34.66	53.43
1S43....	86.47	25.66	30.31	47.23	59.08	71.25	74.11	74.27	68.03	53.69	40.50	36.12	45.59	73.21	54.07	32.75	51.40
1344....	25.76	29.74	38.79	53.55	63.29	69.22	74.54	72.93	65.79	53.52	43.33	33.97	51.8S	72.23	54.21	29.82	52.03
1845....	85.03	31.95	42.12	50.79	60.54	71.30	70.60	76.04	65.49	62.81	45.68	28.27	51.15	74.65	57.99	31.75	53.88
1S46....	81.37	27.41	39.31	50.33	60.41	67.36	72.21	73.25	69.71	54.00	48.15	83.90	50.02	70.94	57.29	30. S9	52.28
1847....	32.41	81.60	36.01	49.50	59.51	70.84	75.61	72.30	64.73	51.40	46.04	87.90	48.34	72.92	54.06	33.97	52.32
1845 .,	33.79	31.21	36.14	50.10	61.33	69.11	74.2S	73.54	63.44	54.15	39.74	39.29	49.87	72.31	52.44	84.76	52.34
1349....	25.73	24.63	37. S4	47.55	55.00	69.50	72.80	72.33	64.31	52.64	48.19	32.07	46.80	71.54	55.05	27.51	50.22
1550....	32.78	88.42	36.16	44.18	54.45	6S.63	75.06	U. 04	64.32	53.78	45.19	33.22 j	44.90	71.24	54.43	33.14	50.93
1851....	82.15	83.6S	39.71	49.13	5S.24	68.45	75.64	74.00	67.86	57.32	42.24	27.39	49.02	72.69	55.80	31.07	52.15
1552....	24.33	30.74	36.72	43.73	60.30	69.70	76.61	73.27	63.77	55.61	41.64	40.45	46.92	73.19	53.67	31.84	51.40
1553....	32.03	38.50	39.5S	43.13	60.25	71.20	72.77	73.52	66.41	52.01	44.31	33.13	49.32	72.50	54.24	32.90	52.24
1-54 ...	2S.71	28.17	36.17	45.09	59.96	63.49	75.39	72.83	66.35 65.78	"•"	43.67	27.52	47.07	72.42	55.24	23.13	50.71
Mean ) 38 y'rs t	80. IS	30.44	33.25	43.65	59.30	63.30	74.33	73.16		54.56	43.32	33.52	45.74	72.10	54.55	31.38	51.69
Note—The record for 1^37 and 1-33 was at Fort Wood, Bedlow's Island; so near that it is incorporated in the mean for the series at Fort Columbus 
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES   AND   SUMMARIES.                        001
            FORT HAMILTON, NEW YORK  HARBOR.
Latitude.  40°  37',  Longitude  74° 02'.    Altitude  25 feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1843....	37.27	26.80	30.80	48.50	56.90	63.40	71.90	74.40	63.45	53.95	42.10	35.15	45.40	71.57	54.83	33.07	51.22
1S44....	26.29	29.32	38.04	51.51	61.50	66.87	71.39	71.82	66.07	53.10	43.42	34.00	50.35	70.03	54.20	30.04	51.15
1S45....	34.55	31.91	41.61	49.59	5S.33	63.73	74.48	75.42	65.97	57.24	47.18	28.97	49.84	72.83	56.80	31.81	52.83
1846....	31.94	27.04	40.03	49.26	59.27	65.67	71.96	73.04	69.96	54.32	49.15	35.19	49.52	70.22	57.81	31.-39	52.23
1547....	32.80	32.26	36.71	45.50	54.97	64.84	74.74	72.69	65.24	54.44	47.23	37.75	45.73	70.76	55.04	34.27	51.60
1S43....	35.67	31.14	35.33	48.59	59.91	67.66	71.08	73.10	63.96	55.00	41.19	39.98	43.28	70.61	53.3S	35.60	51.97
1849 ...	26.74	25.85	38.33	46.10	54.13	69.01	71.57	72.57	65.02	53.06	49.72	33.89	46.19	71.05	55.93	26.62	49.95
1850....	34.25	35.37	37.17	45.00	54.35	63.90	73.32	72.12	66.55	55.72	47.05	34.67	45.51	71.35	56.44	34.76	52.01
1851....	34.90	36.40	40.72	48.95	53.62	67.50	73.56	70.67	65.35	53.32	43.67	31.00	49.43	70.57	55.75	34.10	52.46
1S52 ...	25.42	30.43	40.20	46.20	58.32	68.70	74.02	71.02	67.60	58.72	44.91	39.01	48.24	71.24	57.08	31.64	52.05
1S53....	29.72	33.17	39.92	46.73	53.63	69.00	73.52	74.22	67.66	52.86	46.91	33.53	48.43	72.25	55.81	32.14	52.16
1854....	31.49	30 95	37.70	45.57	59.37	68.69	77.17	74.67	67.06	56.15	43.90	28.31	47.55	73.51	55.70	30.25	51.75
Mean ) 12 y'rs j	31.67	30.93	33.05	44.29	57.86	67.83	73.23	72.93	66.57	55.21	45.55	34.28	46.73	71.35	55.79	32.29	51.54
                    WEST POINT,  NEW YORK.
Latitude 41° 23',  Longitude 74°  00'.    Altitude 167 feet.
32.08    29.71
31.55*,  31.97*
29.61  j  32.25
23.31
83.42
27.10
28.05
24.41
30.19
33.12
26.33
26.83
27.17
21.73
34.68
2S.41
23.12
29.69
35.17
33.40
19.10
28.53
27.43
28.90
32.40
23.93
81.87
39.39
22.83
27.01
23.98
30.63
27.96
35.87
25.40
20.69
27.54
21.98
32.59
36.71
26.01
39.55
21.40
26.03
2S.20
23.65
28.20
23.74
21.85
86.91	51.70	61.06	68.95
44.73*	47.61*	59.34*	
39.11	46.41*	68.17	71.90
40.58	54.66	61.94	69.30
41.77	47.72	61.76	73.85
34.80	49.72	64.31	69.66
40.07	54.19	59.62	69.13
42.50	51.84	62.63	74.85
40.33	4S.24	5S.85	66.24
35.32	54.47	63.07	66.92
39.60	51.24	59.05	67.44
36.40	46.73	59.70	67.92
32.23	45.09	60.94	65.56
32.61	45.45	56.61	67.16
38.62	42.55	56.90	71.92
40.76	53.80	60.80	65.43
41.13	50.83	60.43	67.30
36.16	45.84	57.33	71.90
46.65	54.25	59.19	67.10
26.77	47.20	59.00	71.00
36.00	53.04	61.69	67.42
39.62	48.06	57.79	69.06
37.33	50.00	60.25	67.32
82.45	45.19	58.33	64.83
34.36	4S.52	60.73	63.46
37.34	46.22	55.35	67.47
77.34*

75.11
72.93
75.41
72.50
75.69
73.77
71.70
72.50
70.82
74.27
73.41
71.60
77.81
73.68
74.16
73.90
74.76
74.96
71.37
74.36
72.25
75.35
71.15
71.90
75.36*

73.74
72.90
76.5S
71.34
75.35
74.39
70.83
71.40
73.92
71.24
67.55
69.79
74.57
68.09
73.52
72.3S
70.52
71.79
68.99
74.18
72.55
73.03
71.52
69.63
64.11	59.22*	42.29*	39.27*	49.89
	58.11	44.34	33.76	50.56
67.00	56.06	43.93	32.02	51.23
65.48	54.45	37.90	34.95	52.39
68.64	55.99	45.03	39.97 j	50.42
60.61	53.16	41.71	40.15	49.61
66.73	48.82	49 91	37.33 j	51.29
65.82	56.87	44.73	26.17 |	52.32
62.81	55.4S	45.45	34.50 i	49.14
66.34	53.45	40.94	33.80	50.95
65.41	51.62	40.82	30.31	49.96
61.00	59.00	43.21	25.91	47.61
64.85	47.35	39.23	29.19	46.29
61.76	51.31	42.13	31.23	44.89
67.07	54.27	40.43	29.05	46.02
64.30	56.37	39.68	32.92	51.79
03.30	53.61	43.53	29.13	50.80
67.25	45.99	39.02	35.24	46.44
63.82	57.04	43.20	31.31	53.36
66.46	48.81	36.41	30.23	44.32
62.40	49.81	39.27	30.06	50.24
61.79	52.60	43.32	24.12	48.49
69.07	51.26	45.26	30.74	49.19
63.36	50.48	44.45	35.77	45.34
61.48	51.17	37.41	36.20	47.89
61.85	, 50.46	47.60	31.45	46.30
73.88

73.58
71.73
75.28
71.17
73.39
74.34
69.59
70.27
72.76
71.14
63.84
69.52
74.77
69.07
71.76
72.73
70.79
72.58
69.26
72.53
70.71
71.07
70.38
69.67
55.21	33.69
	32.43
55.66	31.29
52.61	30.04
56.55	37.59
51.83	30.03
55.15	34.13
55.81	24.85
54.58	81.77
53.74	31.63
52.62	30.84
54.40	26.05
50.48	25.68
51.73	26.85
53.92	28.57
53.45	31.31
53.48	29.65
50.75	80.31
54.69	35.34
50.56	28.34
50.49	25.06
52.57	26.95
55.19	27.29
53.10	30.96
50.02	32.78
53.30	25.76
   * E
position
.rcrae hours in excess, or thermometer protected.
in the first two years of the record do not sensibly
            7(5
" Thermometer removed from
affect the mean results.
a large to a small building" in June, 1325.  The apparent defects of 
602
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES   AND  SUMMARIES.
           WEST POINT, NEW YORK—Continued.



Latitude 41° 23', Longitude 74° 00'.   Altitude 167 feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1550....	30.75	32.75	35.46	44.62	53.49	63.49	73.03	68.69	61.67	51.91	42.87	29.37	44.52	63.40	52.15	80.96	49.01
1351....	29.45	32.26	38.64	46.85	57.13	65.51	71.62	68.65	63.74	53.89	3S.4S	25.00	47.54	68.59	52.03	28.90	49.27
1552....	21.57	28.69	83.86	42.49	58.40	68.30	72.90	67.75	61.78	53.56	39.98	86.46	44.75	69.65	51.77	28.91	48.77
1853....	26.28	29.70	38.60	43.S3	59.88	69.14	70.80	71.39	64.76	50.59	44.38	30.44	49.10	70.44	53.24	28.SI	50.40
1S54....	2S.O0	27.40	36.35	45.91	60.57	C8.06	75.59	72.75	64.25	53.69	42.39	25.50	47.61	72.13	53.44	26.97	50.04
Mean ) 81 y'rs \	28.28	28.80	37.63	43.70	59.82	68.41	73.75	71.83	64.31	53.04	42.23	31.98	48.72	71.33	53.19	29.69	50.73
          WATERVLIET ARSENAL, NEW YORK.



Latitude 42° 43', Longitude 73° 43'.   Altitude 50 f feet.
1824....	25.87	25.47	32.47	4S.43	59.04	68.02	73.61	71.24	66.00	54.01	40.56	34.34	46.65	70.96	53.52	28.56	49.92
1825....	26.5S	29.06	39.96	49.91	62.11	70.22	78.67	73.34	60.99	53.01	36.80	30.02	50.66	74.07	50.27	28.55	50.89
1826....	27.46	27.71	86.87	44.71	67.23	70.83	73.10	73.16	65.03	51.96	41.37	29.33	49.60	72.36	52.79	28.17	50.73
1827....	17.11	26.64	33.40	50.62	59.78	70 95	74.54	71.04	64.11	50.71	33.14	27.01	47.93	72.18	49.32	23.59	48.26
1828....	28.43	81.92	3S.55	43.33	62.82	73.16	74.89	75.77	64.63	52.62	41.88	32.18	48.23	74.61	53.04	30.84	51.63
1829....	21.63	15.56	29.88	44.25	65.38	70.20	72.93	72.48	58.67	51.97	39.70	36.06	46.50	71.87	50.11	27.42	48.97
1830 ...	22.57	21.03	89.20	51.60	57.13	67.58	76.34	72.76	61.40	48.82	45.08	33.50	49.31	72.29	51.77	25.70	49.77
1331....	20.82	19.25	39.04	49.10	60.01	74.69	73.73	71.36	62.40	53.55	40.93	14.03	49.38	73.26	52.29	18.03	48.24
1832....	22.10	22.86	84.97	44.61	54.49	68.87	71.06	68.73	61.44	49.94	38.75	29.03	44.69	69.55	50.04	24.66	47.23
1S33....				44.97	55.97	60.77	73.77	69.32	62.65	48.08	35.75	28.78		67.96	48.83		
1834....	20.59	32.84	34.98	49.95	57.30	63.00	77.66	73.24	64.51	46.15	38.45	24.43	47.41	72.97	49.70	25.95	49.01
1S35....	19.60	20.25	31.85	43.99	58.84	67.90	72.26	68.83	59.34	52.58	37.85	19.36	44.93	69.66	49.76	19.74	46.02
1S36...	21.94	14.01	26.80	42.29	58.91	66.38	72.46	65.06	61.83	41.95	35.32	24.93	42.67	67.97	46.37	20.29	44.32
1S37....	15.18	23.03	29.07	42.58	54.99	66.44	70.37	69.03	58.67	49.11	41.36	26.84	42.21	68.61	49.71	21.68	45.55
1838....	28.71	14.66	■84.84	87.19	57.49	70.91	75.90	72.15	62.95	48.53	86.67	21.12	48.17	72.99	49.38	21.50	46.78
1839 ...	21.92	25.42	31.92	49.34	58.24	63.49	73.42	70.40	62.44	51.62	86.37	28.81	46.50	69.10	50.14	25.38	47.78
1840....	15.01	31.20	35.51	49.89	61.26	66.46	73.67	71.10	59.43	50.30	38.15	26.85	48.89	70.41	49.29	24.35	48.23
1S41....	28.22	22.53	32.39	41.22	56.82	70.18	72.51	71.90	67.34	45.54	3S.40	29.55	43.48	71.53	50.43	26.77	43.05
1S42....	80.81	36.28	41.99	53.14	57.89	66.43	72.69	69.69	58.10	46.88	34.70	23.22	51.01	69.60	46.89	29.94	49.23
1S43....	29.00	15.30	25.19	42.70	59.42	66.15	72.90	71.60	66.15	46.43	38.56	31.20	42.44	70.22	50.38	25.17	47.05
1S44....	14.15	24.03	35.29	53.44	60.72	65.13	68.17	71.87	61.82	46.71	35.31	30.52	49.82	68.39	47.95	22.90	47.26
1S45....	25.78	26.84	40.65	4S.34	55.86	69.31	74.51	72.47	55.61	48.86	39.80	17.18	48.28	72.10	48.09	23.27	47.93
1S46....	16.98	17.39	29. S5	47.07	60.15	67.50	71. S7	71.93	66.78	47.89	42.45	25.43	45.69	70.45	52.37	19.93	47.11
1847....	25.98	21.72	28.52	42.83	59.29	66.90	73.95	71.44	62.36	47.10	44.03	32.30	43.55	70.76	51.16	26.67	43.03
1545....	30.06	23.48	31.77	47.51	62.00	69.92	71.83	71.89	55.36	48.97	39.43	33.66	47.09	71.23	47.92	29.07	48.83
1849....	19.81	16.43	36.14	42.36	54.2S	68.12	73.53	69.14	60.49	47.56	43.14	25.54	44.26	70.28	50.40	20.61	46.39
1850....	22.52	25.83	80.29	40.94	53.44	68.22	76.13	67.64	59.20	43.05	89.03	21.40	41.56	70.66	48.76	23.08	46.01
1S51....	22.03	27.S4	87.85	45.66	57.94	66.67	72.14	68.60	61.83	52.16	36.00	22.01 !	46.98	69.13	50.00	23.96	47.52
1852....	16.67	25.77	32.68	44.42	60.69	68.68	75.44	71.54	70.40	56.60	39.75	37.62	45.91	71.39	55.58	26.69	50.02
	80.14	30.86	87.78	42.83	55.29	69.55	70.74	70.39	61.38	45.46	39.02	25.67	45.32	70.23	43.62	23.89	48.26
1554....	21.50	19.54	31.55	41.27	54.89	07.10	77.17	69.77	61.44	4S.13	38.67	19.33 1	42.90 46.19	71.85	49.43	20.26	45.99
Mean I 81 y 16 f	22.97	23.31 i	34.02	45. S4	58.70	03.22	73.61 •i	70.93	62.09	50.67	3S.90 1	27.14		70.92	50.55	24.64	*48.07
* Mean of 22 years at the Albany Academy, Now York University system. 4<< 30 dt 
CONSOLIDATED    TABLES    AND   SUMMARIES.
603
              PLATTSBURG BARRACKS,  NEW YORK.
Latitude 44° 41',  Longitude  73°  25'.    Altitude  186 feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1839....	16.72	22.43	31.25	45.13	57.97	66.28	72.04	68.75	59.93	48.12	32.88	24.94	44.78	69.02	46.98	21.36	45.53
1840....	12.62	26.37	29.33	44.21	60.67	67.17	72.11	69 39	53.13	46.47	32.45	19.41	44.73	69.56	45.08	19.46	44.85
1841	23.98						67.52	67.45	60.37	42.77	33.10	25.37			45.41		
1842....	20.70	25.31	83.75	42.90	50.92	60.18	67.61	63.92	56.81	45.53	33.86	19.25	42.52	65.55	45.40	21.75	43.80
1843....	26.45	13.78	25.95	43.75	57.30	65.41	69.16	71.22	64.78	46.53	86.25	28.79	42.33	68.60	49.19	23.01	45.78
1844....	10.33	19.68	80.29	47.74	55.04	61.01	66.30	64.90	58.57	42.89	29.19	18.95	44.36	64.07	43.55	16.32	42.07
1845....	18.63	19.50	30.85	89.87	51.41	63.81	67.42	68.15	54.65	48.17	37.15	16.02	40.70	66.46	46.66	18.07	42.97
1846....	18.70	12.82	81.05	44.02	54.72	61.52							43.26				
1849....							70.00	63.48	57.57	46.03	41.94	22.10			48.51		
1850....	21.45	24.46	.28.80	37.94	49.64	65.39	63.97	64.96	58.88	46.86	38.95	19.32	38.46	66.44	48.23	21.74	43.72
1851....	18.62	24.20	30.28	42.08	52.91	61.65	66.96	66.37	59.39	51.57	30.49	19.07	41.75	64.99	47.15	20.63	43.63
1852....	13.90	21.05	27.22	8S.66													
Mean ) 11 y'rs f	18.37	20.96	29.83	42.63	54.51	63.60	68.81	67.86	58.91	46.49	34.62	21.32	42.34	66.76	46.67	20.22	44.00
Note,
Mean
—The first three months of 1839 were observed at House's Point.
temperature at Vermont University, Burlington, for eleven years—1842 to 1852—44
                            MADISON BARRACKS,  SACKETT'S
                           Latitude  43° 57', Longitude  76°
74 degrees.  Observations by Professor Thompson, Hist. Vermont,
HARBOR,  NEW  YORK.
15'.   Altitude  262 feet.
1853.
1824*..
1825...
1826...
1827 ..
1828...
1829...
1830...
1831...
1832...
1838...
1839...
1840...
1841f..
1842...
1843...
1844...
1845...
1846...
1849...
1850...
1851...
1852...
JMean
16 y'rs
 Mean
 last
Mean 1
ast 8 y
p'rs. )
28.41	27.56	31.77	45.15
25.51	8-3.46	36.23	
27.92	30.90	35.58	41.30
14.29	20.56	30.73	42.96
25.77	29.28	35.05	
21.44	20.61	28.07	45.27
20.35	22.40	36.02	54.03
18.23	22.25	41.41	48.99
27.58	25.79	39.11	49.08
15.45	30.73 23.60	33.50	
26.01	29.11	37.30	45.06
30.24	14.18	23.30	42.30
12.74	20.99	30.60	48.94
21.73	21.85	34.61	43.06
21.53	16.16	31.62	45.44
		32.66	41.91
25.05	24.43	30.49	40.55
22.31	27.80	34.34	41.93
14.93	23.03	28.79	39.05
22.19	24.30	83.22	44.69
21.82	22.70	81.52	43.14
52.13

61.65
53.34

60.54
57.90
58.15
55.74
50.44
51.15
56.00
50.74
56.83
53.46
50.91
54.12
63.26
68.48
65.07
72.88
60.12
59.91
59.23
62.13
62.00
63.64
67.12
67.90
62.01
54.87
52.96
64.43
63.00
69.17
72.69
72.26
69.03

70.29
74.02
72.34
70.87
70.85
67.10
65.89
66.20
66.90
66.88

72.04
72.13
68.52
69.86

69.75
67.42
71.91
73.02
64.25
71.59
69.65
71.88
68.46
71.69
67.20
66.15
68.92

71.09
68.88
65.45
69.02

67.77
62.93
62.57
62.80
59.52
61.09
64.40
59.43
58.76
56.30
59.37
60.63
56.85
61.42
60.06
59.18
60.35
59.12
49.77
55.27
53.58
51.28
53.81
55.56

47.28
51.95
47.51

47.91
44.30
44.69
49.94
48.02
50.60
50.02

47.91
41.42
39.31
37.01
45.46
41.63
34
37
37.65   25
33.07
29.34
25.69
36.11
32.62
19.95

23.94
27.73
23.12

24.76
29.19
25.00
17.88

25.11
19.73
22.49
36.97
23.45
43.02

46.18
42.34

44.63
49.32
49.52
38.50
44.26
38.92
45.18
42.80
44.63
42.68
40.65
43.46
44.26

42.54
66.62
71.63
65.46
70.12
69.78
72.37
66.62
64.15
64.21
65.06
65.93

70.08
69.64
65.32
49.85
53.09
51.90
49.27
53.45
53.86
49.53
47.71
47.11
46.20
45.96
46.37
48.18

52.14
49.47
47.35
29.68
28.44
28.17
26.05
25.12
20.14
23.10
27.35
26.62
24.54
19.91
20.39
23.07
24.53
47.31
49.47
47.52
49.42
48.97
44.89
45.30
43.41
44.13
44.32
45.71
45.17
67.77   49.34 ;  24.16
66.84   48.00 |  22.66
45.01
    * Observations taken at 6, 2, and 7, in the second quarter, and apparently near these hours, through 1824,1825 and 1826.  They are generally incomplete  to
1828, inclusive.
    ■f The monthly records for 1841 arc lost.
    XMean at Toronto, latitude 43° 39' 06", for 12 years, from 1841  to 1S52, 44.23 degrees—corrected to absolute mean temperature, as for hourly observations,
by Col. Sabine.  The mean for the corresponding and carefully observed years of this scries is very nearly accordant with that at Toronto. 
004
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES   AND   SUMMARIES.
                FORT ONTARIO, NEW YORK.
Latitude 43° 20', Longitude 76° 40'.   Altitude 250 feet.
               FORT NIAGARA, NEW YORK.
Latitude 43° 18', Longitude 7D°  08'.   Altitude 250 feet.
	Jan. Feb. ' March.		April.	May.	June.	July.	Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn	Winter.	Year.
1543.... 1544.... 1545.... 1540.... 1349.... 1S50.... 1S51.... 1S52 ... 1S53.... 1854. ..	30.84 17.97 17.40 ' 24.95 ! 25.66 25.77 24.70 21.36 20.29 19.45 27.27 ; 27.06 25.69 29.74 19.07 | 24.98 24.87 24.73	24.27 33.35 36.46 31.17 34.04 31.36 34.71 30.67 31.92	42.76 49.65 43.09 45.02 41.98 40.18 42.12 37.49 41.31	51.25 57.57 49.74 56.52 51.20 47.79 52.00 53.26 49.00	59.06 61.72 61.83 64.18 66.01 65.96 61.67 62.46 66.44	66.09 68.57 67.44 73.50 70.29 68.82 69.60 69.12	68.50 65.82 69.06 70.97 69.58 66.69 67 59	61.50 61.07 58.50 61.00 60.85 63.07 59.26	45.10 45.00 49.89 45.77 48.40 50.89 50.24 48.37	34.30 35.85 39.55 44.25 41.28 34.54 35.20 38.78	30.50 27.60 22.04 26.90 23.68 23.37 32.07 23.57	39.43 46.86 43.10 44.24 42.41 39.78 42.96 40.47 40.74	64.55 65.37 66.11 70.16 68.61 65.72 66.55	46.97 47.31 49.81 50.34 50.18 49.50 4S.23	26.44 23.82 24.49 22.21 26.00 26.27 25.37	44.85 45.71 45.73 46.28 46.14 46.11 45.15
Mean 1 9 y'rs J'	23.93 24.00	32.00	42.62	56.49	63.26	69.13	68.31	61.03	46.71	43.43	26.21	43.70	66.92	50.39	24.73	46.44
1829....	27.73	21.65	82.72	45.46	E9.45	69.27	70.76	71.54	60.78	55.51	38. S9	39.62	45.88	70.52	51.72	29.68	49.42
1830....	25.94	28.76	36.06	49.59	60.09	68.52							48.58				
1831.... 1833....	25.63	25.55	42.23	45.02 51.17	57.65 62.12	71.92 66.34	73.57 72.72	71.67 73.35	62.50 66.99	55.76	41.72	24.19	48.30	72.88 70.80	53,33	25.12	49.78
1840....	22.18	31.69	34.84	44.01	56.89	60.44	70.20	70.72	59.08	49.94	39.98	28.26	48.27	67.14	49.66	27.37	4S.11
1842....	30.53	30.20	38.54	45.10	52.49	59.08	68.34	67.77	60.78	51.51	35.75	28.70	45.87	65.66	49.34	29.81	47.54
1843 ...	31.80	20.08	25.74	41.75	50.64	61.31	68.70	69.38	63.70	45.95	34.48	32.14	39.38	66.46	48.04	28.01	45.47
1844....	22.17	28.70	33.78	48.28	57.24	61.66	67.20	65.30	61.35	45.84	38.40	31.74	46.43	64.72	48.53	27.54	46.80
1845....	29.02	29.17	38.83	44.55	55.00	65.01	70.58	70.32	60.73	50.67	39.45	24.33	46.13	03.04	50.28	27.51	48.14
1S40*...	28.75	24.57	85.20	44.41	55.07	62.83							44.89				
1849....							69.84	68.27	61.45	50.03	47.51	29.44			52.99		
1850....	29.77	28.51	32.47	39.98	52.39	67.65	72.19	69.29	59.32	49.43	43.26	27.59	41.61	69.71	50.67	28.62	47.65
1851....	23.69	30.36	35.52	41.79	53.59	63.58	6S.67	66.93	61.58	51.66	86.55	27.02	50.85	69.25	50.89	32.38	50.84
1852....	21.68	26.97	30.57	88.53	53.13	63.10	69.37	69.17	60.73	51.91	37.04	34.54	40.76	67.21	49.89	27.73	46.39
	27.35	27.64	34.00	42.54	55.88	69.17	69.92	72.90	62.84	47.53	41.80	28.37	44.14	71.00	50.56	27.79	48.37
1S54....	25.04	23.23	32.37	41.41	54.98	67.53	72.84	69.62	64.02				42'.92	70.01			
Mean \ 14 y'rs )	26.85	26.93	C4.49	44.24	55.77	65.16	70.35	69.73	01.77	50.48	39.53	29.66	44.83	68.41	50.59	27.81	47.91
   * The record was evidently from a thermometer in a building or protected position for most of the period.  Some of the early years were quite inaccurate, and
portions of these have been omitted.
                                      BUFFALO BARRACKS, NEW YORK.
                         Latitude 42° 53', Longitude 78° 58'.   Altitude 660 feet.
1841....	25.24	21.26	26.97	35. S5	43.81	65.31	63.23	67.83	64.30	44.21	37.35	30.83	37.21	65.45	43.62	25.77	44.26
1342....	29.93	29.45	35.55	45.41	55.12	61.90	08.67	68.44	59.24	48.86	35.10	26.46	46.37	66.33	47.73	28.63	47.26
1843....	80. SO	15.17	19.20	43.30	52.10	63.04	69.20	71.15	63.19	45.12	34.10	32.80	38.20	67.80	47.47	27.26	45.18
1844...	22.40	27.33	33.19	50.88	56.4S	65.30	69.33	66.72	61.34	45.46	36.78	30.09	46.85	67.12	47.86	26.62	47.11
1S45....	2S.07	25.36	37.23	45.56	52.21	64.75	70.61			......			45 00				
Mean i	27.30	24.92	31.05	44.20	52.95	64.06	63.21	63.53	62.02	45.91 1	35.83	30.04	42.73	66.93	47.92	27.42	46.25
 
CONSOLIDATED  TABLES   AND  SUMMARIES.                 605
  ALLEGHANY ARSENAL, PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.



Latitude 40° 32', Longitude 80° 02'.   Altitude 704 feet.
        CARLISLE BARRACKS, PENNSYLVANIA.




Latitude 40° 12', Longitude 77° 14'.   Altitude 500 feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1825....	31.15	37.49	45.15	50.40	64.06	71.80	76.04	74.05	63.09	54.50	39.41	30.85	53.20	73.96	52.30	83.16	53.15
1826....	28.13	83.97	43.69				74.24	72.67	66.43	56.79	43.93	34.70			55.73	32.27	
1827....	26.03	39.54	48.40	57.24	62.33	69.08	74.49	74.16	65.93	54.54	42.69	41.88	55.99	72.91	54.39	35.82	54.78
1836....	28.75	20.13	31.55	54.09	74.60	73.02	74.72	68.49	62.24	38.15	30.84	22.40	53.08	72.08	43.74	23.76	48.16
1837....	16.79	25.65	27.74	31.26	59.69	70.33	74.44	72.00	57.43	52.30	42.94	32.31	39.56	72.26	50.89	24.92	46.91
1838....	33.22	18.49	41.55	44.95	53.96	71.68	77.79	74.57	66.05	55.47	40.23	22.28	46.82	74.68	50.58	24.66	49.18
1S39....	30.68	82.55	37.09	54.82	60.97	65.28	72.92	69.80	63.48	57.99	35.99	30.32	50.96	69.37	52.49	31.18	51.00
1840....	21.79	39.12	40.25	53.13	61.73	69.59	71.15	69.50	59.64	52.05	39.45	29.39	51.70	70.08	50.38	30.10	50.56
1841....	29.95	29.56	38.24	47.50	57.51	70.86	63.26	63.15	66.12	46.50	41.14	30.53	48.08	67.42	51.25	30.01	49.19
1842....	33.99	36.06	46.76	54.41	56.43	65.41	69.90	68.10	64.36	49.75	35.55	31.01	52.53	67.80	49. S9	33.69	50.98
1S43....	35.77	23.84	26.05	48.01	57.64	68.10	72.38	71.25	66.84	46.08	37.41	33.59	43.90	70.58	50.11	31.73	49.08
1844....	25.48	31.35	40.75	59.52	62.52	68.17	73.12	68.97	62.19	47.15	38.59	31.88	54.26	70.09	49.31	29.57	50.81
1845....	33.53	31.36	39.49	53.59	58.84	69.12	70.60	72.41	62.10	47.38	38.07	23.10	50.47	70.71	49. IS	29.33	49.92
1846....	29.27	27.74	40.09	54.28	65.42	68.92	73.27	74.12	68.50	51.50	45.33	35.70	53.26	72.10	55.10	30.80	52.81
1847....	29.92	32.62	37.27	50.31	62.36	66.97	72.48	6S.67	62.03	49.41	42.12	33.10	49.98	69.37	51.18	31.88	50.60
1343....	33.63	31.49	36.37	48.75	64.28	68.37	70.97	70.91	58.14	50.16	36.60	40.18	49.80	70.08	48.30	35.10	50.82
1849....	28.28	28.08	41.05	47.84	60.35	70.93	71.50	69.79	60.15	50.22	44.82	30.22	46.21	70.74	51.73	28.86	49.43
1850....	33.63	31.87	35.50	46.06	53.97	68.48	76.10	72.28	62 51	49.33	42.08	32.68	45.18	72.29	51.31	32.73	50.38
1851....	32.47	87.67	42.43	43.75	61.32	66.41	72.19	69.15	64.48	51.66	36.55	27.02	50.85	69.25	50.89	32.38	50.84
1S52....	23.62	31.37	40.20	44.46	59.82	66.23	73.71	69.38	62.08	57.22	39.65	36.62	48.16	69.77	52.98	30.54	50.36
1853....	29.31	32.08	38.50	50.42	60.90	73.72	72.21	71.88	65.02	48.46	44.3S	29.33	49.94	72.60	52.95	30.26	51.44
1854....	29.03	33.49	40.36	49.30	61.17	71.15	78.18	76.38	69.92	53.32	37.92	30.53	50.28	75.24	53.72	31.03	52.57
Mean ( 22 y'rs (	29.25	31.16 1	39.02	49.96	60.92	69.22	72.98	71.21	63.53	50.91	39. SO	31.35	49.97	71.47	51.43	30.59	50.86
1839....							77.17	72.76	67.08	56.30	34.90	29.33			52.76		
1S40....	20.44	35.64	42.50	52.52	60.36	07.69	72.83	71.64	58.60	50.66	38,99	26.82	51.79	70.74	49.41	27.63	49.89
1841....	29.15	25.52	33.62	46.31	59.53	71.48	70.64	70.76	64.86	45.51	39.33	30.60	46.49	70.96	49.90	28.42	48.94
1842....	31.43	33.37	45.24	51.29	54.32	67.23	72.17	68.83	62.60	48.56	34.13	29.09	50.28	69.41	48.43	31.28	49.85
1843....	33.74	23.90	26.88	50.80	60.15	63.85	72.70	72.05	67.90	49.30	37.50	31.65	45.94	71.20	51.73	29.76	49.66
1844....	25.07	31.26	41.00	59.06	65.88	70.09	77.01	73.10	66.65	54.36	41.61	32.93	55.31	73.40	54.21	29.75	53.17
1845....	35.80	32.86	43.56	54.11	62.42	75.95	80.35	78.91	71.50	57.16	46.80	28.35	53.36	78.40	58.49	82.34	55.65
1846....	34.58	32.48	39.90	51.42													
1848....	31.50	30.80	35.81	51.41	64.75	72.46	71.27	68.81	53.59	52.10	35.34	33.25	50.66	70.85	48.68	33.52	50.93
1849....	24.93	24.92	40.60	4S.90	5S.01	71.92	73.18	72.32	62.56	51.19	46.37	29.81	49.17	72.47	53.37	26.55	50.39
1S50....	30.13	32.40	36.85	46.46	56.48	71.15	75.79	71.58	62.14	50.20	41.48	32.05	46.60	72.84	51.27	31.53	50.56
1851...	31.38	36.85	41.47	47.61	60.72	67.-33	71.90	69.30	63.83	52.13	36.95		49 93	69.81	50.97		
1852....	23.00	30.19	37.09	44.25	61.73	6S.31	74.16	63.62	61.31	55.63	38.55	36.30	47.69	70.36	51.83	29.83	49.93
1853....	28.94	32.21	33.62	48.18	60.54	73.00	73.78	72.61	65.72				49.11	73.13			
1854....								73.61	63.66	55.29	41.60	28.70			55.18		
Mean | 13 y'rs f	29.24	30.95	38.73	50.10	60.41	70.45	74.08	71.92	64.43	52.22	39.50	31.16	49.76	72.15	52.05	80.45	51.10
 
600
CONSOLIDATED  TABLES  AND  SUMMARIES.
          FORT MIFFLIN, PENNSYLVANIA.
Latitude 39° 53',  Longitude 75° 13'.   Altitude 20 feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
Is23....	31.95	26.61	39.11	55.77	63.84	75.22	82.19	7S.S1	73.27	58.27	42.46	35.11	52.91	78.74	58.00	81.22	55.22
1821....	35.13	32.73	3S.27	48.55	63.09	75.24	80.96	75.18	73.44	56.12	46.83	39.22	49.97	77.18	58.63	85.69	55.35
1543....	39.01	27.78	30.45	50.36	59.22	70.43	73.70	74.82	69.16	51.28	40.56	84.42	46.68	72.98	53.67	33.74	51.77
1S44....	28.2S	32.03	42.54	54.51	65.79	69.98	74.53	72.55	65.82	52.41	42.59	83.55	54.28	72.85	53.51	31.29	52.86
1S45....	36.43	33.56	44.79	52.9S	60.84	71.76	76.58	75.41	66. a	53.95	44.57	28.59	52.93	74.58	55.06	32.86	58.86
1S46....	32.22	28.75	41.75	52.46													
1849....	29.67	28.38	42.24	49.90	57.74	72.56	73.35	73.86	66.54	55.28	51.86	33.76	49.95	73.26	57.89	30.60	52.92
1850....	35.25	37.72	40.06	47.50	57.82	71.46	77.18	73.35	68.05	56.06		86.30	48.46	74.00		36.42	
1S51....	83.17	37.00	41.84	50.66	61.77	69.49	76.25	73.49	69.40	61.05	53.27	34.90	51.42	73.07	61.24?	35.02	55.19
1S52....	33.16	35.01	40.77	44.00	63.34	69.64	79.97	72.27	67.53	58.80	42.40	39.75	49.37	73.96	56.26	85.97	53.89
1853....	31.06	34.76	41.23	50.49	62.09	73.70	74.43	74.37	67.06	54.86			51.29 1	74.17			
Mean ) 10 y'rs j	33.21	32.21	40.30	50.65	61.55	71.95	76.91	74.41	68.70s	55.81	45.50	35.07	50.83	74.42	56.67	83.50	58.85
           FORT DELAWARE, DELAWARE.
Latitude 39° 35', Longitude 75° 34'.   Altitude 10 feet.
1325....		36.57	43.09	53.04	65.14	74.31	80.47	75.35	68.05	61.47	46.47	35.42	53.76	76.71	58.66		
1826 ...	35.15	37.09	39.50	45.77	69.46	76.56	77.72	76.03	76.59	57.68	50.64	38.35	51.58	76.77	61.64	36.86	56.71
1827 ...	29.92	40.44	47.28	58.70	62.38	70.64	77.05	*71.54	79.26	59.47		43.41	56.12	76.08	......	37.92	
1S2S....	42.33	43.40	49. C2	50.89	67.18	79.11	79.29	79.48	68.65	55.37	47.60	42.01	55.70	79.29	57.21	43.60	58.95
1829....	81.56	26.92	37.07	52.82	65.17	71.80	73.93	74.98	64.36	55.51	42.61	40.10	51.69	73.59	54.16	82.86	53.07
1880....	31.94	28.90	41.76	54.17	63.33	70.19	79.42	78.51	63.62	58.42	45.62	36.67	53.09	76.04	57.55	32.84	54.88
1S54....	32.38	34.56	43.18	50.98	64.50								52.89				
Mean ) 6* y'rs f	33.67	35.84	42.99	52.34	65.31	73 77	77.99	75.98	70.92	57.99	46.59	39.33	53.55	75.91	58.50	36.28	56.06
♦August, 1827, observed at Cape May.
             FORT McHENRY, MARYLAND.
Latitude 39° 17', Longitude 71° 35'.   Altitude 36 feet.
1S31...	28.66	30.78	47.33	56.49	64.34	74.75	75.51	75.83	67.07	59.78	48.72	25.36	56.05	75.38	56.86	28.27	54.1
1532...	81.81	37.46	44.50	52.66	62.76	71.75	76.52	75.69	71.60	59.84	46.78	38.97	53.31	74.65	59.41	86.08	55.6
	37.06	37.40	40.79	56.64	70.12	72.71	77.71	74.12	69.27	54.69	44.26	38.49	55.85	74.85	56.07	37.65	56.1
1834...	.i 29.71	44.49	47.15	55.27	61.07	72.00	80.41	77.26	66.78	52.97	44.63	36.52	54.50	76.56	54.80	36.91	55. (
1835...	J 31.32	29.09	41.01	49.03	63.97	71.IS	75.53	72.46	61.81	58.39	4S.43	33.31	51.34	73.06	56.21	31.41	53.(
1336...	. 33.77	26.06	32. SO	51.52	63.43	66.77	74.76	69.97	68.52	48.21	41.61	41.61	49.25	70.50	52.78	33.81	51.!
1837...	.: 23.77	34.08	40.83	49.03	62.26	69.92	74.72	73.73	64.49	56.33	46.66	36.28	50.72	72.81	55.83	33.04	53.'
1833...	37.34	26.79	42.59	48.35	59.29	74.46	80.55	77.33	67.58	51.32	40.68	81.08	50.08	77.46	53.19	31.74	53.
1S39...	.' 82.41	84.66	43.30	56.41	66.25	70.00	77.10	72.94	67.10	60.10	40.22	34.27	55.32	73.35	55.81	83.78	54.
1540...	. 24.20	33.63	45.26	54.25	61.51	71.16	73.77	74.47	63.49	55.72	43.69	29.88	53.67	72.80	54.30	30.92	52.
1541...	. 80.45	31.81	40.36	47.43	55.72	69.63	76.42	74.07	70.64	49.23	42.07	85.06	47.84	73.37	54.00	32.44	51.
1842...	. 86.42	33.14	47.97	54.19	59.63	63.93	75.39	73.42	63.08	54.43	38.93	32.68	53.93	72.60	53.81	85.75	54.
	3S.39	2S.13	30.14	50.23	60.97	72.61	75.73	76..JG	71.15	54.36	41.96	85.18	47.13	74.90	55. S2	33.90	52.
1344...	. 29.22	32.10	41.93	55.83	66.46	69.34	77.36	74.10	66.62	52.88	41.08	33.25	54.76	73.00	53.53	31.52	53.
 
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES   AND   SUMMARIES.                    607
          FORT McHENRY, MARYLAND—Continued.

Latitude 39° 17', Longitude 71° 35'.   Altitude 36 feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April. | May. i		June.	July.	Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter. Year. f	
1845.... 1846.... 1847.... 1848.... 1849.... 1S50.... 1851.... 1852.... 1853.... 1854....	86.85 82.29 30.71 87.51 31.89 38.18 37.30 28.01 32.27 33.61	34.09 29.64 32.52 36.17 30.94 39.73 39.54 85.86 36.74 36.47	44.13 42.02 33.00 40.73 44.44 42.75 47.05 42.95* 42.75 44.40	54.55 52.9S 55.74 56.91 52.05 50.59 54.73 47.95 53.19 49.00	60.55 64.81 64.19 67.86 61.19 61.20 64.84 63.18 64.33 64.29	71.77 68.09 69.99 74.91 75.17 74.67 71.39 70.12 74.53 72.00	76.07 74.30 77.62 75.26 76.17 78.55 7S.83 74.85 76.01 73.32	74.16 75.27 76.24 75.47 73.96 73.64 76.00 75.15 75.45	69.98 68.33 65.23 67.92 67.88 69.87 65.86 69.83 71.29	54.32 55.79 57.61 57.07 58.23 58.86 58.26 51.14 58.11	47.31 49.21 42.23 53.57 51.36 46.63 42.97 48.66 50.55	34.79 37.94 43.91 37.10 40.37 32.67 40.48 36.62 33.76	53.08 53.27 52.64 55.17 52.56 51.51 55.54 51.36 53.42 52.56	71.85 74.29 75.47 75.60 75.73 74.45 73.66 75.23 75.26	57.20 57.78 55.02 59.52 59.16 53.2S 55.69 57.54 59.98	32.24 83.72 39.20 33.31 39.44 36.50 34.78 35.21 34.61	53.64 54.61 56.21 55.25 56.46 56.19 58.87 55.35 55.60
Mean ) 24 y'rs )	82.86	34.23	42.29	52.71	63.10	71.58	76.71	74.66	67.82	55.68	45.10	35.63	52.70	74.32	56.20	34.24	54.36
                FORT SEVERN, MARYLAND.

Latitude 38° 58', Longitude 76° 27'.   Altitude 20 feet.
1822.... 1831.... 1832.... 1833.... 1834 ... 1843.... 1844.... 1845....	29.28 27.86 32.70 36.68 30.00 30.35 39.31	35.13 27.82 37.78 37.36 40.79 32.85 36.51	46.26 45.19 43.35 40.84 45.05 32.46 43.03 46.59	55.05 54.43 51.84 58.14 49.70 51.46 56.20 55.60	67.09 64.32 61.63 66.74 64.14 60.40 69.00 62.50	73.16 74.94 71.97 71.23 72.95 72.13 72.04 73.35	79.68 77.54 77.01 77.95 79.79 75.66 77.99 77.72	77.23 75.66 75.44 75.20 78.10 75.11 75.45	72.36 68.37 68.82 70.95 61.78 70.40 69.09	61.55 59.15 58.38 57.09 58.08 53.16 55.91	53.82 44.64 48.59 45.83 46.70 41.95 46.34	33.51 25.98 43.24 38.08 36.83 36.80 37.46	56.13 54.64 52.27 55.24 52.96 48.11 56.08 54.90	76.69 76.05 74.81 74.79 76.95 74.30 75.16	62.58 57.39 58.60 57.96 52.19 55.17 57.11	34.31 27.22 37.91 37.37 35.87 33.55	57.43 53.82 55.90 56.34 54.49 55.47
Mean ) 8 y'rs. ("	32.31	35.46	42.85	54.05	64.48	72.72	77.17	76.03	68.82	57.62.	46.84	36.70	53.79	75.31	57.76	34.82	55 42
                                         WASHINGTON CITY.*
Latitude  38° 53' 39",  Longitude 77° 2' 48".   {National Observatory.)   Altitude 50 to 90 feet.
1823....	41.37	35.15	47.41	59.69	66.49	73.27	78.21	76.67	68.42	53. C4	37.75	37.23	57.86	76.05	53.27	37.92	56.28
1824....	38.51	34.66	41.46	55.35	64.69	73.60	79.13	74.98	68.63	57.27	43.88	40.28	53. S3	75.90	56.59	37. S2	56.04
1825....	35.41	39.14	48.87	56.38	64.98	76.|6	79.27	75.77	67.51	60.16	44.63	36.13	56.74	77.13	57.40	33.56	56.21
1826....	35.66	41.33	49.00	53.36	73.42	76.51	77.48	76.25	72.34	58.68	45.84	36.31	58.59	76.75	58.95	37.77	53.02
1327....	30.20	42.63	47.41	59.97	66.22	74.35	79.93	78.42	70.15	58.41	44.87	41.59	57.87	77.57	57.81	38.14	57.85
1823....	41.13	47.26	47.52	50.44	66.96	79.29	78.11	79.09	67.41	54.79	47.33	41.74	54.97	78.83	56.51	43.38	58.42
1829....	32.74	28.62	39.63	54.36	65.53	73.61	74.80	73.91	64.29	55.79	42.69	44.28	53.17	74.11	54.22	35.21	54.18
1830....	33.81	33.70	46.36	56.32	65.16	73.54	81.14	77.95	69.27	58.66	52.47	37.33	55.95	77.54	60.13	34.96	57.14
1831....	26.83	29.32	46.82	55.06	63.32	73.91	74.96	74.78	67.87	56.03	42.13	25.37	55.07	74.55	55.18	27.17	52.99
1832....	31.98	37.13	44.91														
1883....	35.59	36.57	41.63	58.20	70.02	71.34	77.59	74.50	63.88	53.87	43.30	37.53	56.62	74.48	55.02	36.56	55.67
1834....	29.82	43.15	47.35	55.82	62.84	72.37	80.51	77.22	66.45	53.31	43.80	36.54	55.34	76.67	54.52	36.50	55.78
1885....	80.15	29.01	41.37	53.45	65.46	75.14	78.03	75.97	62.44	59.77	49.32	33.57	50.09 55.77	76.38	57.18	30.91	53.64
Mean ) 12 y'rs f	34.09	86.74	45.36	55.70	66.26	74.44	73.26	76.29	67.76	50.70	44. S3	37.32		76.33	56.43	36.05	56.14
   * Observations by Rev. Robert Little to July, 1527, and by Assistant Surgeon J. A. Brereton subsequently.  The locality was in the first case near the centre
of the city, and in the last near the War Department buildings. 
608                CONSOLIDATED  TABLES   AND   SUMMARIES.
           FORT WASHING TON, MARYLAND.
Latitude 38° 43', Longitude 77° 06'.  Altitude 60 feet.
       BELLONA ARSENAL, RICHMOND", VIRGINIA.
Latitude 37° 20', Longitude 77° 25'.  Altitude 120 feet.
              FORT MONROE, VIRGINIA.
Latitude 37° 00', Longitude 76° 18'.  Altitude 8 feet.
	Jan.	Feb. March.		April.	May.	June. July.		Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer	Autumn	Winter.	Year.
1824.... 1*.>5.... 1826.... 1827.... 1S23.... 1S29.... 1S30.... 1S31 1832.... 1833.... 1S34.... 1835.... 1S51.... 1852.... 1853....	42.67 37.44 38.41 31.19 42.64 33.70 35.21 33.57 31.29 31.81 29.31 34.00	33.40 41.47 43.53 46.12 43.00 28.33 36.05 31.33 3S.71 45.59 23.89 37.09 39.18	45.34 50.12 51.20 51.40 49.00 41.05 49.38 50.65 43.53 44.45 42.98 45.31 44.71	56.53 5S.90 54.70 62.72 52.09 57.86 60.69 59.43 56.68 62.00 55.75 50.14 55.29	65.96 66.87 74.00 66.22 09.37 70.23 09.40 69.25 67.10 73.41 64. SS 66.04 67.80 65.85	75.06 78.23 77.83 74.35 76.22 77.28 79.48 76.54 76.24 79.20 72.20 73.22 76.64	79.63 81.43 7S.61 77.44 83.60 79.45 81.11 82.57 83.03 78.23 78.48 78.63 77.57	76.11 77.79 77.41 79.08 77.72 77.26 73.42 79.77 73.20 74.61 72.43 78.01	63.32 69.79 73.32 67.90 70.75 71.23 69.88 73.59 71.41 62.94 68.08 67.38 69.88	59.25 63.56 61.66 60.19 59.98 58.24 62.14 61.74 59.10 56.47 56.52 59.73 58.02 60.64	47.50 47.34 49.83 46.85 49.65 45.03 53.94 45.97 50.86 47.07 43.17 49.83 43.09 43.76	43.00 39.13 40.24 41.83 33.34 46.26 38.43 26.16 39.89 38.24 37.94 34.56 31.17 42.14	55.94 58.63 59.97 60.11 56.82 56.43 59.82 59.73 59.64 55.02 54.25 55.28	76.93 79.47 78.08 77.02 79.99 " 78.88 78.30 79.07 78.73 75.09 74.76 77.41	58.36 60.23 61.60 57.07 62.2S 62.98 59.61 59.04 57.03 57.17 56.40 57.26	41.86 39.01 40.73 39.55 41.38 36.09 36.56 38.50 33.24 31.75 36.18	58.15 59.83 62.34 56.65 59.66 58.40 57.25 55.61
Mean | 15 y'rs j	35.50	38.59	46.86	57.14	63.28	76.35	79.99	76.96	69.57	59.80	47.42	37.99	57.43	77.77	58.93	37.36	57.87
1S24....	41.44	34.09	42.10	50.26	57.4S	79.03	76.47	76.76		63.00	48.74	41.64	49.95	77.42		39.06	
1525....	35.54	40.21	56.51				30.23	79.85	72 52		48.34	38.09				37.95	
1826....	40.37	46.97	53.83							61.00	49.74	40.34				42.56	
1527 ....				63.45	66.13	73.58	79.89	79.53	70.32	59.04	54.33	49.49		77.67	61.23		
1823....	48.25	52.45	50.79	£5 73	73.23	81.09	79.60	80.29	71.95	59.66	52.83	44.93	59.92	80.33	61.50	46.88	02.16
1529....	85.66	40.65	45.10	58.83	66.96	74.92	76.92	75.80	67.42	58.75	46.14	46.68	56.96	75.88	57.44	41.00	57.82
1830___	89.21	39.50	51.55	59.50	67.18	76.16	81.38	78.72	69.10	59.72	53.66	42.44	59.08	78.75	60.83	40.38	59.76
1831....	81.59	34.97	54.10														
1832....	38.08	45.42	50.27	57.04	70.67	74.57	78.19	77.70	70:14	59.32	50.87	43.82	59.33	76.82	60.11	42.44	59.67
1833....	43.41	43.47	48.50	63.74	72.83	76.72	80.80	74.58	72.53				61,69	77.77			
Mean 1 5 y'rs f	3S.73	41.97	50.30	58.36	63.50	76.53	79.19	77.90	70.57	60.08	%).59	43.43	57.39	77.89	60.41	41.38	59.27
1525..		46.17	47.96	55.89	59.30	69.85	75.30	75.97	77.88	72.75	67.23	55.52	44.05	61 85	76.38	65.17	46.06	62.3
1326..		43.55	48.23	54. S7	56.63	71.57	73.02	79.98	79.33	76.51	63.11	50.23	42.89	61.02	79.11	63.28	44.89	62.0
1827..		36.58	45.84	51.03	61.S5	63.47	71.39	79.18	80.21	71.52	62.79	49.71	50.86	58.80	76.93	61.84	44.43	60.3
1828..		49.71	53.51	52.77	53.53	70.27	79.09	79.58	80.51	71.31	63.29	56.9S	47.57	60.52	79.73	63.86	50.26	63.5
1529..		41.47	36.07	43.66	56.85	66.59	74.40	73.03	78.90	71.00	64.59	51.50	50.77	55.70	77.11	62.36	42.77	59.4
1530..		42.54	40.62	50.95	51.37	07.25	75.97	81.46	7S..-,5	70 23	65.11	59.05	47.00	56.52	78.66	65.30	43.49	61.1
1S31..		86. OU	37.54	50.26	57.46	64.11	76.54	79.04	73.19	74.06	61.27	48.30	25.97	57.28	77.92	61.21	34.27	57.6
1532..		83.65	40.32	-12.92	49.65	59.54	66.74	72.36	72.0u	67.66	57.75	48.85	42.13	50.70	70.57	53.09	38.70	54.5
1333.		39.39	35.70	41.06	53.07	66.37	69.50	75.85	76.03	73.23	63.63	50.31	43.28	53.70	73.81	62.39	40.46	57.1
 
CONSOLIDATED  TABLES  AND   SUMMARIES.
609
          FORT MONROE, VIRGINIA—Continued.
Latitude 37° 00', Longitude 76° 18'.   Altitude 8 feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	Augubt.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1834....	35.96	46.46	49.95	57.19	64.85	75.27	81.13	79.20	74.26	65.07	53.22	45.98	57.33	78.53	64.18	42.80	58.21
1835....	42.53	34.28	45.76	56.86	65.32	71.66	77.46	76.35	69.26	64.75	56.87	42.12	55.98	75.16	63.63	39.64	61.10
1836....	88.58	31.95	41.75	55.43	67.49	71.23	76.36	75.52	74.04	57.82	45.22	37.90	54.89	74.37	58.86	36.14	54 56
1837....	32.93	42.53	45 93	58.83	64.40	78.60	80.11	77.42	68.50	64.64	54.91	46.07	54.72	77.04	62.68	40.51	58.74
1888. ..	46.01	83.51	48.25	53.92	63.70	74.55	82.83	81.14	72.33	60.45	46.72	38.55	55.29	79.51	59.83	89.36	58.50
1839....	39.72	48.13	46.94	56.62	69.18	73.14	80.04	76.17	* 69.85	63.84	48.03	40.15	57.58	76.45	60.57	37.67	58.07
1840....	84.26	47.72	53.15	61.38	67.82	74.83	78.29	79.00	69.49	63.37	50.68	41.48	60.78	77.37	61.18	41.14	60.12
1841....	41.50	39.11	47.50	54.32	63.45	77.53	78.54	76.94	74.60	56.96	51.04	45.42	55.09	77.67	60.87	42.01	58.66
1842....	45.09	47.03	57.18	62.73	66.99	74.18	77.42	75.72	74.38	62.39	44.27	38.40	62.32	75.77	60.85	43.51	60.49
1843....	44.12	37.12	37.09	55.30	61.18	75.29	78.19	77.18	75.28	58.25	48.80	41.24	52.19	76.89	60.78	40.83	57.67
1844....	88.03	37.92	48.73	59.32	72.24	74.91	78.67	74.13	71.62	60.56	52.46	41.84	60.10	75.90	61.55	38.28	58.96
1345....	44.79	42.74	51.01	58.58	65.94	76.30	79.02	77.95	72.00	61.07	51.70	34.77	58.51	77.76	61.59	40.77	59.66
1846....	40.90	38.87	48.91	57.29	70.00	73.95	78.86	79.74	74.20	61.56	54.46	46.24	58.73	77.52	63.41	42.00	60.41
1847....	42.19	42.65	45.01	54.91	62.24	72.24	76.16	74.35	69.98	60.50	53.02	43.83	54.05	74.25	61.17	43.24	58.18
1848....	41.45	39.79	47.49	55.06	67.77	75.48	75.48	75.89	69.28	59.11	46.22	51.79	56.77	75.62	58.20	44.84	58.73
1849...	37.50	36.56	46.40	54.30	61.65	75.56	75.45	76.01	70.70	60.18	54.94	43.35	54.12	75.67	61.94	39.14	57.72
1850 ...	48.34	43.01	46.57	51.07	62.99	73.09	78.46	76.85	71.45	60.65	52.67	45.75	53.54	76.13	61.59	44.04	58.82
1851....	42.44	46.36	49.32	54.38	65.49	72.54	79.00	75.04	69.66	61.36	48.46	40.90	56.39	75.52	59.82	43.23	59.57
1852....	85.19	42.62	48.87	53.44	65.85	72.74	76.23	74.12	70.20	63.39	49.94	47.87	56.05	74.36	61.18	41.89	58.38
1858....	38.84	44.00	48.62	56.13	64.94	74.49	77.54	76.96	71.85	59.20	55.46	43.09	56.56	76.33	62.17	41.98	59.26
1854....	41.47	43.82	50.82	57.16	68.74	77.20	80.21	79.55	76.60	64.55 61.60	52.85	40.75	58.91	78.99	64.67	42.01	61.14
Mean ) 80 y'rs j	36.54	41.67	48.29	56.17	66.14	74.22	78.23	77.25	72.03		51.41	43.13	56.87	76.57	61.68	40.45	58.89
           FORT MACON, NORTH  CAROLINA.
Latitude 34° 41', Longitude 76° 40'.   Altitude 20 feet.
          FORT JOHNSTON, NORTH CAROLINA.
Latitude 34° 00', Loncjitude  78° 05'.   Altitude 20 feet.
50.32
52.14
55.34
51.82
47.47
45.41
58.18
1833....										65.20	54.29	47.09		......			
1884....	41.16	51.99	55.37	63.95	70.94	82.57	81.63	79.72	76.53	66.34	57.42	51.50	63.42	81.31	66.76	48.22	64.9?
1835....	44.55	41.09	50.78	58.71	66.70	77.66	78.66	78.10	71.06	65.97	61.10	46.03	53.40	78.14	66.04	43.89	61.65
1836....	46.00	39.33	46.34	57.42	67.69	74.04							57.15	......			
1848....	51.07	44.50	43.05	57.87	67.50	75.95	80.05	80.14	79.32	62.60	53.22	47.33	56.14	78.71	65.05	47.63	61. &
1844....	43.06	43.53	51.91	62.00	71.60	74.12	78.85	77 51	71.66	61.97			61.84	76.83			
Mean | 5 y'rs. j	45.17	44.09	49.49	60.00	68.89	76.87	79.80	78.87	74.64	64.42	56.51	43.00	59.46	78.51	65.19	45.75	62.2C
52.97	60.43	66.73	74.68	78.74	81.39	80.59	76.12	70.79	66.69	54.95	67.28	80.24	71.20	52.75	67.8T
46.55	58.71	67.29	74.19	76.92	80.83	79.91	75.89	65.91	55.56	54.80	66.73	79.22	65.79	51.00	65.68
50.69	58.42	63.97	71.90	77.97	82.93	80.50	75.19	68.87	60.40	57.34	64.76	80.47	68.15	54.46	66.96
54.34	61.96	62.11	73.38	79.98	81.07	80.19	75.00	68.85	57.03	48.47	65.82	80.41	66.96	51.54	66.18
56.38	63.08	66.29	74.84	81.28	81.61	80.76	79.39	71.14	60.93	54.07	67.90	81.22	70.50	52.64	68.0T
58.77	59.63							65.70	57.46	59.24				54.47	
61.59	62.00	63.64	74.17	80.47	79.66	81.33	74.17	67.26	61.28	59.25	66.60	80.49	67.57	59.66	68.53
77 
610
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES   AND   SUMMARIES.
     FORT JOHNSTON, NORTH CAROLINA—Continued.
Latitude  34° 00', Longitude 78° 05'.   Altitude 20 feet.
               AUGUSTA ARSENAL,  GEORGIA.
Latitude 33° 28', Longitude 81° 53'.   Altitude  600? feet.
* February 8,1885, thermometer—4° at 5 a. m.
t First nine months of 1841 computed from observations at sunrise and 2 p. m.; remainder, 7, 2, and 9.
Note.—The very low mean  eniPerature of December, 1881, will be observed in the series at each post.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1829....	50.81	46.63	52.40	62.30	70.90	79.19	80.43	80.83	75.22				61.87	80.15			
1830....	50.85	50.89	59.18	64.16	71.88	77.46				66.62	62.40	53.58	65.07			51.44	
1881....	43.03	44.27	55.72	64.15	70.80	79.67	80.65	80.93	78.19	68.05	56.88	41.58	63.56	80.42	67.69	42.96	63.66
1882....	45.58	55.91	54.47	64.28	72.84	77.30	80.22	80.08	75.88	68.43	62.15	57.70	68.86	79.20	68.80	53.03	66.22
1833....	50.43	51.09	54.26	63.88	76.12	80.83	82.36	77.29	76.92	64.23	53.73	47.59	64.75	80.16	64.97	49.70	64.87
1834....	42.98	53.63	57.23	61.94	69.65	80.09	83.14	79.18*	1 75.97	67.07	55.39	49.54	62.94	80.80	66.14	48.72	64.65
1885....	45.42	39.92	50.68	63.38	72.85	79.26	80.25	79.63	71.34	65.58	61.19	43.36	62.30	79.71	66.04	44.57	68.15
1886....	46.87	44.69	48.51														
1843....	52.00	47.00	46.50	61.50	70.50	76.50	82.50	82.00	80.00	64.00	58.00	49.12	59.50	80.38	67.83	49.37	64.18
1844....	48.57	45.69	54.34	64.64	76.90	77.77	82.46	79.18	75.33	63.61	59.77	48.50	65.29	79.80	66.24	45.92	64.31
1845....	50.94	48.99	56.55	66.44	70.74	79.30	82.76						64.58				
Mean 1 18 y'rs)	49.03	50.53	56.34	64.17	72.86	78.92	81.48	80.17	76.04	67.07	59.26	52.24	64.46	80.19	67.46	50.60	65.68
1826....	48.57	56.21	65.87	68.09	77.46	79.26	83.80	81.22	78.03	68.24	56.25	47.65	70.47	81.26	67.51	50.81	67.51
1827...	44.57	61.26	59.30	67.93	70.92	76.98	82.88	81.44	75.10	66.66	57.68	57.16	66.05	80.43	66.46	54.33	66.82
1828....	54.41	57.66	59.47	64.28	76.57	83.87	81.66	81.61	72.13	71.40	56.74	54.44	66.77	82.21	66.76	55.50	67.81
1829....	46.97	40.27	49.92	59.40	69.18	78.86	78.58	78.30	72.21	61.77	50.45	54.18	59.50	78.41	61.48	47.14	61.68
1830....	48.61	50.39	58.30	69.19	72.41	81.45	84.40	83.14	73.85	61.12	60.71	49.04	66.63	83.00	65.26	49.35	66.06
1881....	40.98	45.57	58.72	65.69	69.54	77.24	80.41	77.74	74.06	65.12	53.90	37.23	64.65	78.50	€4.36	41.26	62.19
1882....	45.42	55.81	54.92	64.25	72.94	77.57	81.72	79.63	73.58	64.15	56.28	49.41	64.04	79.64	64.67	50.21	64.64
1838....	54.07	57.04	57.69	65.21	77.07	84.39	84.27	80.41	76.80	60.61	51.31	44.72	66.66	83.02	62.91	51.94	66.18
1884....	44.24	62.08	50.82	63.70	72.03	82.86	85.25	83.24	74.65	63.85	52.97	49.23	62.18	83.78	63.82	51.83	65.40
1835....	45.92	39.60*	50.77	61.91	72.84	79.66	79.82	78.85	68.21	63.38	60.08	47.15	61.84	79.44	63.87	44.22	62.36
1886....	45.05	44.09	50.34	64.59	72.62	75.98	79.43	78.02	75.70				62.52	77.81			
1837....	89.24	49.21	53.77	58.61	70.84	76.43	86.37?	81.71	72.89				61.07	81.50			
1888....				64.65	66.98	79.22	84.93	83.01	74.60	56.79	47.66	40.85		82.89	59.68		
1889....	44.65	46.16	55.10	65.90	70.58	79.32	79.71	78.90	72.47	66.09	47.91	38.67	63.86	79.31	62.16	43.16	62.05
1840....	43.43	54.17	58.21	64.80	68.00	75.41	75.99	75.25	66.34	63.94	50.47	43.84	63.67	75.55	60.25	47.15	61 65
1841f...	47.00	46.00	53.94	62.88	70.30	78.40	80.47	76.37	71.55	57.72	52.62	44.85	62.37	78.41	60.63	45.91	61.88
1842....	48 74	51.31	64.26	66.95	71.58	76.39	77.45	74.93	74.26	60.42	46.98	44.47	67.60	76.26	60.55	48.17	68.14
1843....	50.90	46.69	43.87	64.76	71.16	78.23	82.96	79.20	80.73	64.75	58.66	52.27	59.93	80.13	68.05	49.95	64.51
1844...	44.78	51.20	56.09	69.15	77.43	77.04	81.49	79.42	74.43	63.94	57.14	48.42	67.56	79.32	65.17	48.13	65.04
1845....	51.40	52.92	57.19	70.55	72.96	83.47	87.48	80.94	74.85	62.86	50.71	38.76	66.90	83.96	62.81	47.69	£5.84
1846....	45.88	46.52	57.64	65.56			......									......	
Mean ) 21 y'rs j	46.78	50.70	55.80	65.15	72.17	79.05	81.92	79.66	72.82	63.49	53.80	46.77	64.37	80.21	63.37	48.07	64.01
 
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES  AND  SUMMARIES.
611
          FORT MOULTRIE, SOUTH CAROLINA.



Latitude 32° 45', Longitude 79° 51'.   Altitude IIS feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	Aug.	Sept,	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring. Sumr. er.		Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1823...	48.56	43.06	57.09	65.36	75.12	75.97	81.17	79.83	76.43	66.26	56.80	50.96	65.86	78.99	66.50	47.53	64.72
1824...	52.90	49.43	60.92	64.57	74.72	79.76	82.81	80.10	75.95	68.39	58.33	54.66	66.74	80.89	67.56	52.33	64.88
1825....	50.29	52.82	61.39	62.62	72.88	79.85	82. C9	83.57	77.38	70.87			65.63	81.67			
1826....				69.32	73.80	81.09	81.99	81.59	81.02	72.04	62.78	54.18		81.56	71.95		
1827....	44.93	59.93	62.45	69.11	73.67	77.25	83.83	80.76	76.73				68.41	80.45			
1828*...	61.48	64.73	64.03	65.09	77.29	86.25	82.66	82.72	78.19	68.65	62.92	59.66	68.80	83.88	69.92	61.96	71.14
1829....	51.37	46.41	53.59	63.73	66.17	82.80	84.09	84.29	77.80				61.16 ™48	83.73			
1830....	55.79	54.48	63.24	67.82	74.87	79.45	83.21	S2.45	81.49	74.25	68.77	56.55		81.70	74.84	55.61	70.16
1831....	45.64	48.46	59.86	68.64	71.84	79.58	80.87	81.36	78.20	71.70	63.30	41.55	66.78	80.44	71*07	45.22	65.85
1832....	48.69	57.35	57.96	64.12	72.95	76.93	79.90	79.96	76.05	67.59	59.22	54.87	65.01	78.93	67.62	53.47	66.26
1S33....	53.24	55.32	57.14	64.36	74.14	77.80	81.36	79.39	77.42	66.16	56.21	50.82	65.21	79.52	66.60	52.96	66.07
1S34....	49.25	57.86	58.25	63.78	71.28	80.69	82.36	79.74	76.46	68.63	59.38	58.14	64.44	80.93	68.16	53.42	66.74
1835....	46.84	40.14	51.69	61.88	73.73	79.75	79.87	80.04	72.94	67.49	64.51	51.48	62.43	79.89	68.31	46.15	64.19
1840....	47.94	57.86	61.36	67.18	78.40	77.44	79.29	79.80	73.03	67.35	57.53	49.80	67.81	78.84	65.97	51.87	66.00
1841....	52.80	48.92	56.33	63.70	69.51	77.00	82.79	81.00	76.68	63.22	61.32	50.20	63.18	80.26	67.07	50.64	63.16
1842.. .	53.23	53.43	63.35	66.78	71.81	77.03	78.02	71.15	76.18	66.28	53.54	49.33	67.31	75.40	65.34	52.00	65.01
1843....	53.67	48.73	48.82	64.68	71.61	78.06	81.47	80.48	80.85	67.31	59.62	53.89	61.70	80.00	69.26	51.93	65.72
1844....	50.08	51.71	58.12	66.95	75.98	79.85	83.29	81.53	75.15	66.60	61.92	52.76	67.02	81.56	67.89	51.52	67.00
1845....	54.78	53.11	59.20	68.87	72.43	80.67	82.84	80.52	78.17	67.31	57.55	44.61	66.83	81.34	66.01	50.83	66.25
1846....	50.65	51.64	58.63	65.95	74.36	79.33	80.65	82.77	78.95		61 46	53.44	66.31	80.92		51.92	
1847....	52.71	53.82	54.42	66.62	69.32	80.01	81.07	80.97	76.55	66.66	60.51	53.80	63.45	80.68	67.90	53.44	66.87
1848....	50.02	50.17	59.52	66.05		79.51	81.75	82.75	77.07	64.28	50.20	61.75		81.34	63.84	53.95	
1849....	49.47	49.00	58.69	64.73	72.65	81.31	78.89	81.25	75.29	67.94	60.87	54.24	65.36	80.48	68. C3	50.90	66.19
1850....	54.89	50.68	56.21	62.58	71.76	76.84	83.76	83.81	77.81	66.28	59.84	55.53	63.50	81.30	67.98	53.72	66.37
1851....	51.09	56.82	60.87	66.00	73.45	78.95	82.84	82.17	74.32	67.61	56.68	4S.47	66.77	81.32	66.20	52.13	66.61
1852....	43.16	52.96	60.20	62.87	73.80	76.61	81.40	79.79	75.76	70.54	58.48	56.27	65.62	79.26	68.26	50.79	65.98
1853....	45.23	53.20	58.22	66.63	76.40	79.39	82.83	80.85	77.06	65.70	60.52	54.19	66.42	81.02	67.76	50.87	66.52
1854....	40.83	53.09	62.72	62.76	73.35	78.55	82.06	82.37	78.93	67.92	56.29	47.97	66.28	81.00	67.71	47.30	65.57
Mean ) 28 y'rs j	50.36	52.41	58.68	65.44	78.42	79.01	81.72	80.94	76.89	1 67.88	59.56	52.51	,, 65.85	80.59	68.11	51.76	66.58
1 Assistant Surgeon Stevenson reports the mildness of the winter of 1828 as very remarkable.  The only frost observed was on the 17th of March.





                               OGLETHORPE BARRACKS, GEORGIA.



                   Latitude  32° 05',  Longitude  81° 07'.   Altitude 40 feet.
1882....	49.93	57.87	59.18	66.87	74.88	77.11	80.11	79.10	77.02				70.31	78.77			
1833....					77.90	81.68	81.42	80.30	77.51	69.76	56.26	56.99		81.13	67.84		
1834....	53.26	63.87	62.76	68.15	74.81	83.70	83.06	81.85	77.51	70.27	63,06	58 29	68.57	82.87	70.28	58.47	70.05
1835....	52.68	49.71	59.64	63.77	76.66	78.81	78.98	79.99	72.99	66.10	63.36	50.52	66.69	79.26	67.48	51.07	66.12
1843....	57.20	53.17	49.90	66.90	73.47	78.96	82.20	81.13	81.83	67.35	59.90	53.48	63.42	80.76	69.69	54.62	67.12
1844....	49.00	52.93	57.30	68.53	78.92	79.89	81.74	79.83	74.42	64.07	60.00	49.18	68.25	80.43	66.16	50.37	66.31
1845....	52.52	53.62	59.50	72.02	73.67	81.40	83.14	80.87	77.12	66.70	56.51	45.01	68.40	81.80	66.78	50.88	66.84
1846....	52.39	53.71	61.24	64.07	75.44	78.41	79.71	81.05	77.50				66.92	79.72			
1850....	54.44	55.55	59.57	66.87	73.33	78.59	82.81	83.15	77.25	65.58	58.30	55.04	66.61	81.52	67.04		
Mean \ 9 y'rs. j		55.05	58.64	67.15	75.46	79.54	81.46	80.81	77.02	67.12	59.67	52.69	67.08	80.70	67.94	54.06	67.44
 
612
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES   AND   SUMMARIES.
         FORT MARION, ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA.
Latitude 29° 48',  Longitude 81° 35'.   Altitude 25 feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1824....										76.01	67.18	62.85					
1825....	61.10	60.79	70.14	67.57	76.71	81.23	83.03	83.94	80.76	76.89	67.82	56.60	71.47	82.78	75.16	59 50	72.21
1826....	56.69	64.98	70.63	74.19	78.26	82.27	84.17	82.62	81.97	75.50	61.78		74.36	83.02	73.28		
1827....				74.35	76.69	80.20	84.35	82.43	79.62	72.75	63.58	65.59		82.88	71.98		
1828....	67.77	71.61	64.21	68.95	77.32	81.43	81.64	82.00	79.66	72.03	66.33	66.90	70.16	81.69	72.67	68.76	73.82
1829....	57.28	56.45	58.18	67.19	73.61	80.84	81.32	80.55	79.61				66.33	80.90			
1830....	57.57	62.50	65.24	6^53	75.28	80.70	82.40	82.10	78.27	71.90	68.87	60.63	70.02	81.73	72.85	60.23	71.21
1831....	52.13	55.-36	64.40	6102	73.37	79.08	80.25	81.23	78.82	72.98	65.76	52.46	68.90	80.19	72.52	53.32	68.78
1882....	54.77	63.71	68.90	71.23	76.53	77.81	80.76	80.85	78.73	73.58	64.74	61.09	70.55	79.64	72.35	59.86	70.60
1833....	59.88	62.86	61.92	69.38	76.39	80.69	82.43	80.69	79.80	72.36	63.00	57.96	69.23	81.27	71.72	60.07	70.57
1834....	55.08	64.43	66.06	68.35	75.42	82.36	81.69	78.67	7S.72				69.94	80.91			
18.36....							80.31	82.88	78.10	68.46	57.47	53.42			68.01		
1887....	51.65	55.33	59.01	65.53	73.19	78.68	79.82	81.45	76.86	70.21	62.44	58.28	65.91	79.98	69.84	55.42	67.79
1838....	56.86	52.36	58.78	65.06	68.28	74.72	77.56	76.71	74.90	63.38	74.27	56.77	64.01	76.88	70.85	55.83	66.63
1839....	55.01	61.83	62.62	62.67	69.83	78.97	78.45	79.08	77.96	71.45	58.01	49.57	64.71	78.83	69.14	55.80	66.99
1840....										73.30	56.03	49.39					
Ife41....	56.86	51.22	59.22	63.89	66.14	75.19	80 37	79.16	78.22	69.16	61.27	58.77	63.08	78.24	69.55	55.62	66.68
1842....	59.89	60.62	70.07	71.96	64.51	79.73	75.76	76.38	78.11	69.79	62.90	55.36	68.85	77.29	70.27	58.62	68.78
1843....	£8.50	58.09	55.12	67.50	71.56	77.05	80.01	78.58	79.60	70.77	67.06	59.09	64.73	78.55	72.48	58.56	68.77
1844....	57.02	57.21^	61.82	69.51	74.15	77.72	80.96	79.83	76.93	70.92	67.33	56.03	68.49	79.84	71.73	56.75	69.10
1845....	59.32	59.18	63.6S	71.60	72.95	79.89	82.82		77.78	72.87	61.92	50.25	69.41		70.85	56.25	
1846....	57.50	56.75	64.12	69.05	75.07	77.82							69.41				
1849....						79.14	80.20	83.14						80.82		......	
1851....		63.70	64.32	69.32	74.86	79.14	80.55	80.54	77.48	73.35	65.18	57.45	69.50	80.07	72.00		
1852....	49.26	60.31															
Mean ) 20 y'rs $	57.03	59.94	63.34	68.73	73.50	79.36	80.90	80.56	78.60	71.88	64.12	57.26	68.54	80.27	71.53	58.08	69.61
888*...	63.58	53.44
839....	53.31	56.07
S40....	55.04	64.40
341....	59.23	56.42
542....	57.89	62.36
S43....	58.97	57.04
850___	52.87	
Mean I		
         FORT SHANNON, PILATKA, EAST FLORIDA.
Latitude 29° 34',  Longitude 81° 48'.    Altitude 25 feet.
62.66	
60.11	65.83
70.53	75.80
68.32	71.13
69.84	72.00
58.80	70.86
75.07
78.02
78.20
75.00
75.90
81.41
81.90
78.93
80.00
79.08
82.54
80.25
81.97
83 45
78.65
80.30
82.55
79.71
82.25
81.90
75.26
79.45
78.74
77.07
78.91
79.13
79.30
Mean (   67 26   58 29   uu   71.13   76.60   80.26   81.20   80.23   78.63   70.47   61.50   56.00   70.62 ,  80.56   70.20   57.18    69.64
6 y'rs. )
66.98
72.23
75.63
68.00
69.50
60.60
60.74
60.75
62.14
62.13

62.56
52.91
48.08
57.31
59.83
55.14

62.62
67.00
74.80
70.88
72.11
68.52
80.46
82.04
81.43
77.97
79.61
68.77
70.01
71.76
69.76
70.31
  * At Fort Heileman, thirty miles northward, and at the same distance a3 Fort Shannon from the sea, from October, 1333, to December, 1889, and for the
rst three months of 1841. 
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES   AND   SUMMARIES.                      613
PICOLATA  AND FORT HEILEMAN, FLORIDA ; AND  FORT HENDERSON, GEORGIA.
                       Latitude  29° 48',  Longitude  80°  45'*
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Sprmg.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
V. 1S40.									76.95	74.61	61.00	57.61	1		70.85		
1\ 1841.	61.21	56. SO	64.30	72.60	73.46	78.60	81.70	30.50	79.10				70.12	80.27	71.57	53.54	70.12
H. 1333.	61.40	53.40	62.60							66.98	60.60	52.91				55.90	
H. 1S39.	53.31	56.07	60.11	65. S3	75.07	81.41	80.25	79.71	77.07	72.23	60.74	48.08	| 67.00	80.46	70.01	52.49	67.49
II. 1840.	51.35	59.90	67.10	74.26	76.5S	82.84				70.91	57.33	54. S2	72.65			55.36	
11. 1S41.	59.23	56.42	63.82	71.65	74.43								69.82				
H'u 1838				......						C7.33	59.33	54.50					
H'nl339	55.64	5S.27	64.46	70.52	76.26	82.03	80.16	79.76	77.54		....		70\41 j 70.08	80.65 80.61	6^.07	56.14	63. S2
II. mean	56.32	56.45	64.28	70.58	75.33	81.83	80.25	79.71	77.07	70.04	69.57	51.94			72.23	54.90	69.46
* The latitude of Fort Heileman is the same, the longitude S2° 05';  Fort Henderson, latitude 30° 51', longitude 82° 09'.
                           NEW SMYRNA, EAST FLORIDA.
           Latitude  28° 54',  Longitude  81°  02'.   Altitude 20 feet.
134=) >....	64.35	66.33	65.55	75.05	72.76	73.64	73.56	78.32	i 7S.06	72.77	69.33	64.53	71.12	7S.51	73.39	65.07	72.02
1341*...	64.81	63.15	65.60		74.21	78.81	81.70	79.50	77. S3	70.50	65.00	62.50		80.00	71.11	63.49	
1312....	63.00	65.00	72.50							......							
1853....	57.44	60.4S	66.64	72.15	76.76	79.07	79.05	78.60	78.59 1	72.62 1			71.85	78.91			
Mean...	62.40	63.74	67.57	73.60	74.24	78. S4	79.77	78.81	78.16	1 71.96	67.17	63.51	71.80	79.14	02.43	63.22	69.17
       * At Fort Mellon, a few miles inland, from May, 1841, to March, 1842.
          FORT PIERCE, (CAPRON,) EAST FLORIDA.
Latitude 27° 307,  Longitude 80°  207.   Altitude 30  feet.
               FORT DALLAS,* EAST FLORIDA.
Latitude 25° 55',  Longitude 80°  20'.   Altitude 20 feet.
1-539....
1840....
1841....
1S50....
1855....
65.07
68.71
65.35
63.44
69.12
63.24
Mean...1  66.38   66.56
71.77	72.82
72.53	77.91
70.81	75-25
              79.15
              78.92
              75 ..67
......  j 79.06 j  79.22
 66.73  ' 72.82 ,  76.90
70.40   75.57
.97
82.41
81.63
78.62
80.50 I  83.74
     i
79.71 ; ......
81.11   82.61
82.24 I  81.63
81.40 :  78.42
       84.45
80.57   82.12   81.
     !       i
78.75
79.50
77.45
82.64
79.59
78.51   71.37
78.20 '  67.59
77.17   74.
77.96   71.27
63.07
64.75

72.57
66.80
74.58	82.04	76.38	
76.45	81.83	75.10	66.31
, 73.74	79.48		
	82.90	78.06	
72.15			
74.66	81.50	76 27	66.53
1S40....	G4.27	66.77	69.33	74.08	70.44	78.62	79.61	78.95	7S.65	75.89	64.41	61.51	73.28	79.06	72.65	G4.1S	72.29
1341...	65.46	62 51	67.76		71.92	75.^3				71.00	64.67	62.71				73.56	
1842....				72.50	74.25	76.50						......					
1S51....			......								71.53	61.83					
1852....	54.91	64 97	69.52	71.23	78.03	80.06	80.02	81.96	79.94	75.81	70..78	70.24	73.24	80.68	75.51	63.37	73.20
1853....	60.03	C2.S3	73.77	79.27	81.82	81.03	80.21	85.23	81.61	74.54	74.07	59.21	78.29	84.16	76.74	60.69	74.97
1354....	67.91	67.33	73.01	71.10	78.41	82.09	84.16	83.37	83.18	77.72	65.90	60.30	74.17	83.21	75.60	65.18	74.54
1S55....	63.90	62.24	64.91														
Moan...	62.75	04.42	69.77	73.63	76.92	79.02	82.50	82.3S	S0.S5	75 .DO	68.56	62.63	73.44	81.33	74.80	63.27	73.20
74.92
74.75
   * At Fori. Lauderdale from January to Septen.ber, 1S39, and from July to September, 1840.  This post is a few miles north of F.rt Dallas, and at the same
distance from the sea.
                  78 
614
CONSOLIDATED  TABLES  AND  SUMMARIES.
                KEY WEST,
Latitude 24° 32', Longitude
FLORIDA.
81° 48'.  Altitude 10 feet.
            FORT MYERS, SOUTH FLORIDA.
Latitude 26° 38', Longitude 82°  00'.  Altitude 50 feet.
        FORT BROOKE, TAMPA BAY, FLORIDA.
Latitude 28° 00', Longitude 82° 28'.  Altitude 20 feet.
1825	...1 60.41	64.61	07.39	72.70	78.70	80.71
1826	...' 57.31	(9.54	72.90	74.77	79.74	79.11
1S27	...' 56.86	69.68	70.47	75.3S	7S.C4	SI. 35
182S	... 69.77	71.51	64.51	69.84	76.07	80.47
1329	... 59.82	G2.21	60.12			
1330	... 61.OS	63.55	67.53	71.27	77.40	SI.51
1S81	...' 56.C5	60.09	68.19	72.27	74.67	79.64
1832	1 ... 60.73	70.01	66.45	70.55	77.38	80.71
1837						
1S38	... 64.99	59.61	64.71	70. OS	72.20	78.07
1339	... 61.91	61.86	65.32	71.59	77.88	81.23
1S40	...' 57.-9	65.51	63.87	75.37	76.00	78.11
80.72	7S.99	7S.46	76.90	70.50	58.70	72.60	80.14	75.29	61 24
81.55	80. CO	81.57	76.27	66.75	60.21	75.80	80.24	74.86	62.39
82.85	82.73	81.16	74.79	69.42	67.62	74.63	82.31	75.12	64.72
81.17	81.70	79.33	73.94	68.28	69.98	70.14	81.11	78.85	70.42
80.08	SI.49	79. S7	75. SO	62.90	67.40			72.86	63.14
82.40	81.67	79.25	74.29	70.36	C5.59	72.07	S1.S6	74.63	63.41
81.06 ......	81.09	81.15	75.55	67.69	59.60	71.71 71.46	80.60	74.80	58.58
84.11	81.09	78.93	75.00	66.95	68.96			73.63	
7S.29	73.35	77.50	72.32	67.04	61.93	69.00	78.40	72.82	62.18
81.46	82.43	80.56	77.19	68.39	54.75	71.60	81.71	75.88	59.51
77.71	73.56	76.86	73.04	63.31	59.15	73.41	78.17	71.07	00.85
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1831....	07.49	69.33	75.08	75.96	77.26	80.39	81.SS	61.57	81.44	77.97	75.32	69.58	76.10	SI. 28	78.24	68.82	76.11
1S32....	68.40	74.28	72.35	75.42	80.17	80.02	S3.28	80.54	80.38	75.55	71.14	70.56	75.08	81.48	75.00	71. OS	76.00
1S33....	08.25	71.67	72.03									68.47				69.46	
1S34....	71.94	72.20	74.32	74.03	78.07	S2.98	82.53	S2.96	80.91	76.76	70.78	70.52	75.47	S2.S2	76.15	71.55	70.50
1835....	67.57	64.45	71.16	74. SS	78.60	SO. S3	81.96	81.30	79.56	73.95	75.74	68.39	74.68	81.36	76.42	66.80	74.87
1S36....					......		79.3S	82.16	81.67								
1837....	66.22	68.80	70.77	73.12	77.90	81 35	82.35	82.01	61.00	77.85	76.13	70.29	73.93	81.90	78.33	63.44	75.65
1S3S....	71.14	52.25	70.62	73.37	77.02	79.55	62.15	82.53	81.72	78.54	73.44	70.22	73.67	81.51	77.90	64.54	7-1.40
1343....				78.14	81.22	84.02	65.24	S4.17	82.12	79.89	77.06	72.88		84.4S	79.09		
1844....		68.70	70.90	75.00	78.93	81.34	83.64	83.94	83.50	78.80	77.29	69.23	74.90	82.97	79.80		
1S45....	69.9S	68.90	74. C6	77.05	78.63	80.68	83.52						76.58				
1849....								84.17	82.96	7S.98							
1S50....							55.34	84.78	S3.15	77.41	73.54	74.17			78.03		
1851....	73.85	74.52	74. C2	77.18	79.57	81.79	S3.4S	63.64	81.31	79.80	75.46	69.96	76.92	82.97	78.85	72.77	77. Sy
1852....	61.20	70.C2	74.37	76.C6	80.23	82.81	83.42	S3.S6	S2.07	79.38	76.19	74.93	76.90	S3.86	79.21	68.72	77.05
1S53....	68.01	71.30	74.08	76.14	79.57	80.48	83.47	83.93	S2.56	80.41	75.76	68.44	70.60	S2.61	79.68	69.25	77.01
1354....	71.75	71.95	76.56	73.39	80.84	83.34	63.80	62.59	62.56	7S.24	72.70	66.39	77.10	83.08	77.83	70. C3	77.01
1855....	07.18	65.94	70.28	75.09	79.13	82.74							74.83				
Mean ) 14 y'rs j	66.63	68.88	72.88	75.38	79.10	81.03	83.00	62.90	81.92	78.11	74.66	71.03	75.79	82.51	78.23	69.53	76.51
1S51....	65.45	69.02	69.69	1 73.88	78.6S	79.59	SI. 71	83.41	80.40	78.29	72.74	64.59	74.15	SI. 57	77.14	66.85	74. SO
1852....	5S.16	68.01	73.55	74.28	81.95	82.41	S3.50	82.93	82.59	78.40	74.07	72.42	76.59	S2.94	78.45	66.19	70.04
1S53..	63.59	67.51	71.57	76.23	SO. 76	80.06	S4.38	S4.43	81.12	77.05	72.50	61.70	76.19	83.16	77.09	64.27	75.13
1654....	67.56	67.-39	73.74	71.07	79.18	82.85	81.91	81.85	82.59	76.72	66.70	60.18	74.65	82.04	75.84	65.04	74.27
Mean | 4y'rs. f	68.39	67.98	72.19	1 73.86	SO.13	SI. 25	S2.87	83.15	81.75	77.76	71.50	64.72	75.39	82.41	77. CO	65.36	75.04
 
CONSOLIDATED  TABLES   AND  SUMMARIES.
615
    FORT BROOKE, TAMPA BAY, FLORIDA—Continued.
Latitude 28° 00', Longitude 82° 28'.   Altitude 20 feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	1 March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1841....	65.10	60.06	66.72	61.46	74.21	78.59	80.64	79.05	52.85	09.56	64.70	63.08	67.46	79.43	62.37	62.75	68.CO
1842....	62.87	64.54	77.02	71.08	76.39	79.57	78.47	79.01	78.91	71.80	64.47	61.42	74.83	79. C2	71.73	62.94	72.13
1843....	62.30	59.92	62.67	72.56	74.90	76.55	77.35	76.90	77.75	70.05	68.85	63.00	70.01	76.98	72.22	61.74	70.22
1844....	61.02	60.20	63.53	70.70	77.87	76.66	80.63	78.67	77.85	72.24	69.64	55.10	70.70	78.05	73.08	58.77	70.3.3
1845....	62.00	60.82	67.25	73.91	75.24	79.56	79.42	79.18	77.59	72.74	62.62	55.74	72.13	79.39	70.98	59.51	70.5,,
1846....	59.71	62.08	66.58	72.15	76.47	79.31	79.88	80.01	79.24	73.02	66.10	63.35	71.73	79.73	72.79	61.71	71.49
1347....	65.05	60.98	65.29	72.83	74.37	81.09	80.68	81.16	79.00	74.70	67.83	55.70	70.83	SO.93	73. S4	60.58	71.56
1S48....	«3.31	62.42	67.45	71.32	76.50	78.25	83.46	80.71	80.22		63.17	71.59	71.74	80. SO		€5.77	
1S49....	63.61	61.39	71.60	72.41	79.22	80.71	81.70	83.22	81.96	75. S3	69.37	70.05	74.41	81.88	75.72	65.02	74 26
1S50....	70.45'	64.64	70.92	73.62	76.41	78.61	80.86	81.74	81.56	72.02			73.65	60.40			
1851....				72.27	76.46	78.66	80.16	80.22	76.33	73.87	66.61	58.81		79.68	72.27		
1S52....	52.70	62.56	70.26	70.96	77.66	79.43	79.61	80.08	79.04	76.07	C7.82	C6.34	72.96	79.37	74.01	60.53	71.72
1S53....	5S.93	64.79	69. S3	73.81	78.13	78.79	82.52	82.47	79.78	75.55	71.90	58.13	63.92	81.26	75.74	60.62	70.3S
1S54....	62.94	62.36	70.06	70.07	77.49	80.51	81.08	79.59	80.71	73.83	62.11	56.52	72.54	80.39	72.22	60.61	71.44
Mean ) 25 y'rs f	61.53 1	63.54	67.72	71.32	76.64	79.46	80.72	80.43	78.28	74.02	66.94	61.99	72.06	80.20	73.03	62.35	71.92
                 FORT MEADE, FLORIDA.
Latitude 28° 01', Longitude 82° 00/  Altitude  80 feet.
1851....					76.35	79.32	80.24	80.82	76.49	72.57	65. c 9	57.68		80.13	71.64		
1S52....	52.10	63-54	69.32	70 38	77.96	78.88	79.62	80.54	78.80	73.82	68.16	68.59	72.55	79.68	73.59	61.41	71.81
	59.36	62.82	67.09	71.19	76.16	75.65	79.01	78.76	80.29	74.44	69.60	56.98	71.48	77. S4	74.73	59.72	70.90
1S54....	63.75	63.33	70.54	68.10	73.31	73.10	80.17	80.00	81.15	74.40	70.27		71.68	79.75	75.27		
Mean...	58.40	63.23	69.02	69.89	76.69	78.24	79.76	80.03	79.18	73.81	68.4S	61.08	71.87	79.34	73.82	60.90	71.4S
               FORT MICANOPY, FLORIDA.
Latitude 29° 30', Longitude 82° 28'.  Altitude 60 ? feet
133S....							80.99	81.63	77.13	......
1839....	68.20	60.00	63.07	70.27	77.42	83.91	81.23	80.47	7S.51	72.81
1S40..4.	55.59	64.78	69.90	77.46	73.21	78.64	76.83	77.64	75.35	73.35
1S41....	62.10	56.15	64.30	67.83	73.96	77.63	81.68	73.45	78.10	66.50
1312....	56.10	60.32	72.33	72.56	76.90	76.93	79.40	78.51	79.87	69.30
Mean ) 4i y'rs (	60.50	60.44	07.40	72.03	76.62	79.28	80.02	79.34	77.89	70.49
61.92   58.71
63.14   52.48
60.00   55.89
57.77
62. CO
61.01
55.81
57.10
56.00
70.25	81.87	71.49
75.19	77.69	69.73
-68.70	79.25	67.46
73.60	78.28	70.46
72.02	79.55	69.80
60.23	70.96
5S.75	70. -34
58.02	68.36
58.01	70.09
53.98	70.09
 
616
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES  AND   SUMMARIES.
                    FORT KING,  FLORIDA.
Latitude 29° 10',  Longitude  82°  10'.   Altitude oOfeet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1832....										75.14	L6.44	63.05					
1333....	60.23	63.40	65.00	74.01	79.56	S5.26	34.70	84.75	81.42	72.55	61.15	56.S3	72. SO	64.90	71.71	60.17	72.41
1S34....	61.39	67.11?	00.11	72.02	78.10	84.61	83.34	S2.51	81.62	72.96	02. SI	61.68	72.27	83.49	72.46	03.19	72.90
1S35....	56.78	52. S6	61.20	70.47	7S.17	*78.41	77.93	73.71	74.23	68.76	63.53	56.67	69.95	73.35	70.52	55.44	03.56
1S36....	56.92	54.50	CI.71														
1837 ...							SI. 26	79.-35	74.93								
1S40....											61.53	55. S3					
1S41....	60.14	55.98	62.52	08.07	71.72	74.95	80.94	78.74	77.33	66.20	59.56	57.21	67.44	78.21	07.70	57.73	67.73
1S42....	57.39	58.50	69.65	71.90	74.38	75.78	75.85	76.50	79.56	07.75	62.28	58.56	71.98	76.04	69. S6	5S.15	69.01
1843....	56.49	55.04															
Mean ) 6y'rs. j	58.4S	58.21	64.36	71.41	76.89	79.78	SO. 80	80.09	78.18	70.56	63.19	53.55	70.72	80.22	70.64	53.41	70.00
   * " Position of thermometer changed in May, (1835,) to a more favorable one.  In June, received a new thermometer, which ranged 2° lower than the old
one."—Assistant Surgeon Robert Archer.
FORTS  HARLEE,  RUSSELL, WHEELOCK, HOLMES, AND WACAHOOTEE, INTERIOR OF FLORIDA.
H. 1838				
R. 1S40				
R. 1S41	63.00	58.00	66.00	72.00
R. 1842	00.60	56.00	74.00	71.17
Wh.lSll	02.40	56.40	64.60	
H's 1841	62.75	57. C4	64.48	71.50
Wa.1841	61.00	56.00	64.00	09.67
Wa.1342	57.25	55.07	70.12	
77.09   79.00 '  84.CO
74.00 |  79.21 i  ......
......   ...... !  81.90
     I       I
73.58   78.40   ......
     I       I
72.00 '  75.00   80.00
S5.92	77.95		
81.50	78.00	07.49	59.78
81.09	79.40	09.70	62.6S
78.tO	77.00	05.07	59.33
57.11
59.69
59.33
56.33
71.67	81.50	6S.42	60.23
73.06			
		70.59	59.3S
69.85			
68.56	77.67	64.00	57.78
70.46
67.00
   NriE.—These posts are in the vicinity of Forts Kirg and Micanopy. Their local topography is similar to that of these  and other posts in the interior of
Florida.
                                               CEDAR KEYS,  FLORIDA.
                           Latitude  29° 07',  Lonejitude 83° 03'.   Altitude  35  feet.
1840....	1 ......	1			......		31.29	80.45	78.03	76.03	60.76 '	57.00
	■ 59.33	57.08	63.90	70.12	76.36	78.43	S2.70	81.00	78.73	6S.38	63.21	57.80
1342....	Hi . 1 l	59.79	67.42	69.06	73.14	76.66	76.90	76.66	80.16	71.07	62.91	5S.23
Mean..	! 5S.55	59.46	65.66	69.36	74.72	77.55	60.80	79.37	78.99	71.88	62.29	57.08
		71.61	1	
70.11	60.71	70.12	58.07	69.75
70.05	76.74	71.33	58.60	69.19
70. OS	79.07	71.04	1 58.22	69.63
FORT WACASSASSA,* FLORIDA.
1S40....	1 ......									73.39	57.83	54.84	1				
1341....	61.5S	57.53	65.65	71.90	73.84	76.80	81.42	80.73	73.16	66.90	59.80	57.13	' 70.46	79.67	63.29	53.75	69.29
1S42....	55.97	53.25	6S.10	69.00	73.22	77.43 1	76.90	77.93	78.77	68.35	61.46	53.06	70.11	77.42	69.69	57.43	63.66
Mean..	53.78	57.89	66.37	70.45	73.53	77.11	79.66	79.85	73.40	69.71	59.70	55.08	70.23	7S.S7	69.'.9	57.45	68.97
* About thirty miles northeast from Cedar Keys.  Fort Fxnniny U at the same distance north-northeast, on the Suwanee river. 
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES   AND   SUMMARIES.
617
                  FORT FANNING, FLORIDA.

Latitude 29° 35',  Longitude  83°  00.'   Altitude 50 feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer. Autumn. f		Winter.	Year.
1840.... 1841.... 1S42....	62.20 57.16	56. S2 59.71	63.64 70.35	70.90 70.44	75.68 75.64	78.50 79.75 79.12	83.35 79.75	84.01 80.3S	79.45 81.45	71.38 74.52 70.50	58.03 63.33 60.50	50.20 60.03 54.81	70.07 72.14	81.95 79.96	72.43 70.81	59.68 57.23	71.03 70.03
Mean..	59.63	58.26	67.00	70.67	75.66		81.55	82.20	80.45	72.13	60.62	55.03	71.11	80.96	71.07	57.66	70.20
FORTS  PLEASANT AND GAMBLE, MIDDLE FLORIDA.*
P. 1341.							81.74	80.71	73 30	67.80	61.67	58.97			69.26		
P. 1S42.	59.13	01.71	73.90	72.10	76.71	82.33	79.88	79.93	81.13				74.24	80.71			
G. 1S40.	2.95	61.25	65.82	71.29	73.85	78.37	78.70	79.02					70.32	78.70			
G. 1841.						79.44	81.20	80.85	78.00	66.90	61.62	54.71		SO. 50	68.84		
G. 1842.	5S.11	59.85	70.90	70.77	76.50	81.80	76.93	78.83	7S.41	67.93	57.35	53.58	72.72	78.85	67.90	57.18	69.16
Mean...	55.53	60.55	63.36	71.03	75.17	79.70	78.94	79.40	78.20	67.41	59.48	54.64	71.52	79.35	68.36	56.91	69.04
: These posts are from ten to thirty miles southeast from Talahassee, and ten to twenty miles from the Gulf coast at Apalachee bay, I^at. 30° 20', long. 81°.
        FORT BARRANCAS, PENSACOLA, FLORIDA.*

Latitude 30° 18', Longitude 87° 27'.   Altitude 20 feet.
1822....	51.85	51.34	61.47	68.82	77.78	84.16	81.87	82.22	77.92	69.87	05,80	54,49	69,36	82.75	71.22	52.56	68.97
1823....	53.16	50.49	63.41	70.62	79.36	79.72	61.92	81.42	77,90	68.96	55.62	56,51	71.13	81.02	67.49	53.39	68.26
1824....	55.62	53.80	65.88	67.35	75.79	81.30	83.55	82.86	77.00	63.73	61,44	55.98	69.34	82.57	69.06	55.13	69.02
1S26....	51.45	5S.71	67.46	70.72	78.08	79.90	82,88	81.90	7S 57	72.03	62.73	54.50	72.09	81.53	71.11	54.89	69.92
1827....	51.36	64.10	63.23	72.13	72.12	81.39	84.02	82.15	78. >7	68.99	62.37	62.06	69.16	82.72	70.08	59.17	70.28
1323....	62.30	61.13	62.94	65.55	76.13	81.04	82.20	82,20	76,22	69.53	62.00	62.00	68.21	SI.85	69.25	61.81	70.28
1829....	54.76	52.27	56.07	65.12	73.93	82,94	83.68	83.14	81.94	73.75	59.29	60.94	65.04	83.25	71.66	55.99	68.73
1842....							81.10	80 66	76.86	71.42	61.46	55.27			69.91		
1843....	56.25	51.96	52.14	70.03	75.58	79.86	80.82	80,12	82.53	68.56	64.90	56.09	65.92	80.10	71.99	55.77	68.44
1844....	56.27	57.41	60.90	69.62	78.44	80.43	83.64	80.75	77.95	68.76	63.11	52.43	69.65	81.61	69.94	55.37	69.14
1845....	54.96	56.17	60.74	70.86	73.54	79.26	81.40				56.91	45.37	68.3S			52.17	
1846....	52.11	53.53	62.02	66.90			80.27	79.92	78.60	67.91	61.93	57.82			69.48	54.49	
1347...	50.80	54.02	57.69	69.28	71.82								66.26				
1349....	53.20	53.09	66.62	63.02	74.56	79.96	79.86						69.73				
1851....	54.00	58.98	60.94	67.96	74.66	80.73	83.04	81.87	76.68		58.83	52.40	67.85	81.71		55.12	
1852....	44.16	57.15					81.48	80.28	77.85	71.35	60.00	61.64			69.78	54.32	
1853....	49.37	54.69	62.30	69.27	74.45	79.42	81.83	81.49	76.83			51.71	68.67	80.76			
1854...	54.71	54.56	64.98	62.93	75.40	81.00	84.55	84.10	81.44	71.84	53.89	49.60	67.77 63.59	83.22	70.56	52.96	68.63
Mean ) 17 y'rs j	53.61	55.58	61.80	68.51	75.45	80.80	82.26	81.64	78.47	70.08	61,02	55,57		81.57	69.86	54.92	63.74
   * The first seven years of this series were
of the harbor.
              79
observed at Cantonment Clinch, three miles from Pensacola, and fourteen from Barrancas, which is at the entrance 
618                 CONSOLIDATED  TABLES  AND   SUMMARIES.
             FORT MORGAN, ALABAMA.
Latitude 30° 14', Longitude 88° 00'.   Altitude 20 feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring. Summer.		Autumn. Winter.		Year.
1835... 1S41.... 1642... 1843....	55.52 54.86	46.20 54.17	55.41 51.16	64.04 64.16 68.43	75.65 74.4S 76.70	77.56 79.91 80.08	80.06 82.00 82.34 8190	80.31 80.80	75.46 79.06	71.26	59.00	52.00	65.08 65.43	79.31 80.85	09.77		
Mean. ..	55.19	50.18	53 23	65.54	75.61	79.19	81.50	80.30	77.26	71.26	59.00	52.00	64.35	80.33	69.17	53.68	66.S3
          MOUNT VERNON ARSENAL, ALABAMA.
Latitude 31° 12',  Longitude 88° 02'.   Altitude 200 ? feet.
1S40.... 1841....	50.50	53.00	58.00	67.00	72.25	77.00		7S.83	74.12	67.65	55.92	50.53	65.75		65.93		
1812....			66.50	67.12	73.00	78.50	76.70	75.50	74.60	65. S2	55.03	49.05	68.87	76.90	65.15		
1S48....	52.50	53.70	47.70	69.50	75.30	76.66	82.85	78.21	78.86	63.61	59.56	49.61	64.17	79.07	67.84	50.94	65.33
1844....					77.51	73.42	81.17	78.16	73.97	62.65	57.07	47.40		79.25	64.56		
1S45....	51.30	53.14	55.73	70.49	73.59	80 08	SI.36	81.04	74.30	62.62	53.03	42.53	66.60	80.83	63.32	48.99	C4.93
1846....	48.93	50.63	61.57	64 18	72.72	76.52	77.43	78.19	77 60	65.17	58.87	57. £3	66.16	77.38	67.21	52.26	65.75
1647....	47.40	55.02	57.09	69.99	70.58	77.90	77.08	77.33	71.45	66.30	57. S4	47.11	65.87	77.44	65.20	49.84	64.57
1848....	52.98	56.61	60.44	64.50	73.95	74.89	7S.22	77.82	72.76	65.59	51.19	57.98	66.30	76.9S	63.18	55.86	65.5S
1849....	53.00	49.86	65.14	64.75	72.50	76.90	76.27	79.05	74.50	64.21	58.90	54.22	67.46	77.41	65.87	52.36	65.77
1850....	56.30	51.66	61.55	66.61	73.18	76.90	79.89	81.61	78.33	66.96	55.57	52.01	67.11	79.47	66.95	58.33	66.72
1851....	51.26	57.04	59.12	67.52	74.89	79.83	81.82	84.05	75.53	65.83	54.79	49.82	67.17	80.29	65.71	52.71	66.47
1S52....	42.15	59.55	64.17	64.42	76.43	79.60	82.29	82.14	79.01	70.58	56.87	59.51	68.34	81.84	68.82	53.74	68,06
1858....	47.48	53.84	61.22	70.95	74.31	79.86	78.55	80.44	75.70	65.83	61.10	47.31	68.33	79.62	67.56	49.54	66.89
1854....	51.52	53.18	65.24	62.30	74.64	79.17	78.90	81.17	79.58	69.17	54.76	49.22	67.39	79.75	67.84	51.31	66.57
Mean ) 14 y'rs)	50.44	53.69	60.26	66.87	78.92	78.03	78.62	79.80	75.03	65.93	56.47	51.04 1	67.02	78.82	65.81	51.72	65. S4
		BAY OF		ST. LOUIS, PASS CHRISTIAN,					AND EAST PASCAGOULA, MISSISSIPPI.									
StL.1833							84.54	81.40	79.19								......	
StL.lS34							63.08	82.80	78.91								......	
StL.lS35				68.80	73.76	78.92	79.07	60.23	75.30						79.41	......		
C. 1813							81.76	80.00	80.00	67.95								
C. 1344							S2.92 81.80		78.68	68.45					...... : ......			
C. 1S45							82.70								...... ......			
P. 1S4S								79.85	74.31	70.11	55.83				...... (6.77			
P. 1S49								85.10	81.01	69.78	66.00				...... i 72.26			
P. 1850								66.08 83.44										
P. 1S51					75.80	83.05	85.17	84.05	80.46						84.09 ......			
P. 1S52				...... i 78.11		80.84	83 98	83.25	80.89						82.69 ......			
P. 1S53							82.63	S4.31 80.10										
Mean ..				63.80	77.56	80.94	82.87	82.03 79.11		69.07	60.94		.....		82.14	69.71	...... ......	
Thes permit C(	e are su >mbinati(	mmer st n of the	ations fo observat	r troops ons in oi	stationed ie result.	at New ( Pass C)	Means a iristian i	ad other 3 latitude	posts of 30° 20',	the vicin ongitude	ity, and 59° 25';	th	eir pos ast Pas	ition and cagoula, 1	exposur atitude 3	8 are so y° 20', lor	nearly a gitude 8S	like as to °42'.
 
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES   AND  SUMMARIES.
                 FORT PIKE, LOUISIANA.
Latitude 30° 10', Longitude 89° 38'.   Altitude, 10 feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov. I	Dec.	Spring. Summer. Autumn.			Winter.	Year.
1824....										69.88	......		...... 1	...... |			
1S25....	52.42	57.94	68.45	68.79	78.60	81.93	83.62	85.48	78.11				71.95	63.63 j			
1826....							85.09	84.26	79.87	73.55	63.64	55.11		......	72.02		
1827....	50.81	65.08	62.66	72.15	73.19	63.61	84.50	32.41	80.63	69.19	62.53	62.74	69.33	83.51	70.73	59.54	70.79
1828....	60.00	64 67	64.83	70.47	79.08	83.43	63.26	83.82	78.02	74.04	67.03	64.28	71.29	83.34	73.23	62.98 !	72.71
1829....	55.63	51.17	53.55	65.78	75.52	62.72	82.96	63.83	81.51	72.28	60.84	61.15	66.62	63.00	71.54	55.93	63.2S
1830....	57.51	59.56	63.17	71.60	77.63	82.05	85.10	84.83	61.56	72.99	67.99	59.52	72.47	88.99	74.18	58.20	72.21
1831....	49.31	51.54	65.77	69.45	74.46	80.97	81.24	80.48	78.17	70.91	63.49	47.27	69.89	61.56	70.66	49.37	67.92
13G2 ...	54.57	65.27	63.52	71.21	77.90	80.58	82.26	83.83	78.21	72.10	60.11	59.42	70. S3	82.22	70.14	59.75	70.75
	5S.76	60.21	62.10	72.99	78.79	82.70	82.63	81.11	81.32	67. S7	61.02	56.37	71.29	82.17	70.07	58.45	70.49
1S34....	51.41	58.88	64.57	71.26	76.44	82.93	83.13	84.28	78.22	72.11	62 69	56.67	70.70	83.45	71.01	55.65	70 22
18-35....	54.37	47.21	58.15	67.49	80.21	82.42				69.90	64.S9	55.54	68.62			52.37	
1836....	55.11	55.17	60.77														
1838....	62.33	51.09	63.79	72.93	71.89	83.16	85.46	85.19	78.05								
1842....							79.20	79.00	75.75	67.84	57.76	51.06			67.12		
1843....	52.47	52.30	49.65	71.40	77.60	80.10	81.45	81.45	79.80	67.75	64.65	54.70	66.22	81.00	70.73	53.16	07.78
1844....	56.20	57.55	61.58	72.11	81.10	81.47	85.06	82.29	78.33	67.07	59.60	52.66	71.60	62.94	68.33	55.47	69.58
1845....	55.29	57.70	61.65	73.64	75.96	82.59	83.97					45.38	70.42			52.79	
1846....	49.98	54.51	63.83	67.03				......			"				......		
Mean ) 14 y'rs J	54.76 1	56.86	62.34	70.55	77.03	82.19	83.39	82.94	79.16	70.53	62.80 i	55.77 i	69.97	82.84	70.83	55.80	69. S6
               FORT WOOD, LOUISIANA.
Latitude 30° 08', Longitude 89° 51'.   Altitude 20 feet.
              NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA.
Latitude 29° 51', Longitude  90° 00'.   Altitude 10 feet.
1825....
1826....
1S27
1S2S....
1332....
1S33...
1834...
53.26	53.33	67.80
53.20	63.27	70.71
56.74	66.85	64.31
64.58	66.01	65.84
55.37	60.35	60.71
1832....							83.00	82.27	77.62	72.00	62.28	57.65			70.63		
1S33....	58.55	60.52	60.38	70.8S	78.02	82.51	83.56	83.18	81.26	06.20	53.05	54.23	69.76	83.08	65.17	58.10	69.03
1834....	50.48	61.26	63.79	71.29	75.93	S2.93							70.00				
1835....	51.65	49.64	60.43	68.00	79.54	81.80	81.07	83.01	76.58	69.95	63.71	53.87	69.33	81.96	70.08	51.54	68.28
1843....	54.58	52.33	51.41	71.12	78.30	78.24	81.45	80.21	80.58	68.20	65.15	55.90	66.94	79.97	71.31	54.29	68.13
1844....	57.60	58.36	61.62	72.12	79.92	81.59	84.26	82.03	79.07	68.20	61.81	53.42	71.22	82.63	69.69	56.46	70.00
1845....	55.59	58.05	61.33	73.49	75.76	80.76	82.60	82.15	78.21	67.03			70.19	81.84			
1846....	53.93 54.77	54.83	62.40	69 29													
Mean ) 6; y'rs j		56.44	60.19	70.88	77.91	81.30	82.66	82.14	78.90	6S.60	62.20	55.01	69.66	82.03	69.90	55.41	09.25
66 90 1	81.82	88.54	82.95	84.33	80.17		62.60	I 44.04	72.17	85.27		50.21	
72.54	77.61	83.24	84.16	85.15	80.64	72.97	65.55	58.28	73.62	84.18	73.05	58.25	72.27
73.03	74.00	82.65				67.57	62.04	62.00 !	70.11			C1.S6	
66.50	74.25	78.64	82.75	82.52	77.65	70.74	63.08	59.10		81.30			
 
620
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES  AND   SUMMARIES.
          NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA—Continued.

Latitude 29° 57',  Longitude 90° 00'.   Altitude 10 feet.
   FORTS  ST. PHILIP  AND JACKSON, LOUISIANA.*

Latitude 29° 25', Longitude 89° 30'.   At sea level.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1335....	41.02	50.70	61.29			......				69.73	65.81	53.11				49.94	
1S3S....	56.61	52.38	64.10	67.19	68.65	S2.07	82.47	82.11	77.85	68.39	57.07	52. S5	66.65	82.22	67.60	53.95	67.61
1839...	56.22	54.48	60.96	70.9S	77.33	83.03	82.48	82.25	79.22	75.39	57.40	48.09	69.76	82.59	70.67	5*2.93	68.99
1840....	55.09	61.77	69.15	74.38	77.30	79.97	85.56	84.96	78.91	74.32	65.66	56.13	73.61	83.50	72.96	57.66	71.93
1341 ...	55.46	55.61	64.81	71.62	76.17	84.35	87.02	83.86	79.4S	69.17	61.83	55.40	70.87	85.08	70.16	55.49	70.40
1S42....	56.96	58.50	71.35	69.80	74.96	80.56	80.25	79.58	78.63	69.03	59.06	53.29	72.03	80.18	63.91	56.25	69.33
1843....	55.48	54.16	62.03	70.85	75.79	78.50					68.13	55.77	62.22	80.08	69.03	55.12	67.61
1844....	53.54	59.2S	03.55	72.52	78.46	79.80				......	65.02	57.18	71.51	81.51	70.75	58.88	70.52
1845....	57.25	59.91	62.11	72.75	73.20	79.46							69.35				
1S46....			61.50	67.16	75.28	80.14	82.73			68.82	63.94	62.14	67.98				
1S47....	54.85	57.30	61.90	71.48	76.56	78.75	81.82	82.68	77.85	71.16	64.37	53.25	69.98	81.08	71.13	55.18	69.33
1S48___	58.18	61.67	64. S3	68.89	76.47	82.86	80.42	81.25	79.51	73.67	59.58	59.43	69.73	81.51	70.92	59.76	70.48
1S49___	60.89	56.08	70.17	71.00	76.82	81.08	81.10						72.63				
1850___	59.31	55.32	63.89	68.13	72.26	76.12	82.54			66.41	60.58	55.49	68.09			56.71	
1851....	54.43	59.79	61.64	68.24						69.67	60.89	55.21				56.48	
1852....	46.59	62.10	63.96	67 27						74.25	61.37	61.98		......		56.89	
1S58....	50.65	56.51	62.70	70.42	74.33	80.23							69.15				
Mean ( 20 y'rs J	55.27	58.85	64.15	70.06	75.62	81.11	82.94	82.77	78.94	70.75	62.44	55.98	69.94	82.27	70.71	56.53	69.66
St P1326 StPlS2S	62.81	64.22	60.85					83.86	80	34	80.83	74.27	64.59	59.50			73.23		
																			
StPlSSl	4S.32	48.24	57.20																
J...1831								82.35	80	07	80.89	71.80	68.05	47.59			73.58		
J...1882	61.14	67.17	66.82	73.55	73	13	81.52	84.21	83	95	79.96	76.81	65.87	65.39	72.83	82.89	73.21	64.57	73.62
J...1S33 J...1S34 J...1835	64.44 60.58 59.53	63.17 64.32 53.30	62 59										61.96	58.75				62.12	
			65.78 60.51	72 16	75	37	82.46					68.95	54.45	63.64				62.85	
																			
Mean..	59.47	60.14	62.87	72.86	77.00		81.99	82.97	81.45		80.56	72.96	62.98	58.97	70.78	82.14	72.17	59.53	71.15
   * The posts are on opposite sides of the Mississippi river, fifty miles southeast of New Orleans, and twenty miles from the Delta proper.  The coast of the Gulf
is much nearer at the southwest.

                                          BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA.

                         Latitude  30°  26',  Longitude  91° 18'.   Altitude  41 feet.
1822....	52.37	49.71	62.05	67.99	78.16	84.80	81.20	81.07	76.15	66.67	63.94	1 51.77	69.40	82.36	68.92	51.28	67.99
1324.. .	57.18	51.41	64.90									......					
1825....	49.80	57.58	64.79													......	
1828___										71.39	62.81	60.76 ,					
1829...	56.87	49.90	65.67	63.80	74.85	81.87	80.70	80.43	77.17	70.14	57.51	57.31 : i	64.57	81.00	63.27	54.53	67.09
1880....	54.61	57.07	64.81	65.87	73.04	79.47	82.43	82.63	73.81	70.27	63.59	54.62	67.91	81.51	70.72	55.43	63.89
5881---	46.16	48.61	61.41	66.46	78.00	79.84	80.39	76.58	75.79	66.25	57.67	48.57	66.96	79.10	66.57	46.11	64.69
 
CONSOLIDATED    TABLES   AND    SUMMARIES.
621
               BATON ROUGE,  LOUISIANA—Continued.
Latitude  30°  26',   Longitude  91° 18'.   Altitude  41  feet.
1832....
1833....
1S34....
1S35___
1330...
1S37...
1S33...
1839...
1S40...
1343...
1841...
1S45...
1S46...
1847...
1S48...
1849...
1S50...
1851...
1852...
1853...
1854...
Jan.	Feb.
49.80	61.77
57.85	53.11
50.08	60.56
55.19	45.52
55.11	54. S2
54.14	45.94
54.52	51.19
55.82	63.59
55.08	54.50
57.35	59.49
54.79	56.77
52.00	54.10
49 84

58.10
64.01
52.94
42.78
47.33
53.43
61.00
53.62
63.23
56.38
56.92
54.30
58.51
57.16
59.81
53.62
56.43
63.71
61.95
71.56
51.47
61.77
59. S6
62.30
67.SI
63.47
61.17
65.87
59.60
66.24
Mean |
24 y'rs f
55.02   61.93
April.   May.    June.   July.
6S.41
70.49
70.01
64.89

66.41
73.05
74.03
77.95
72.76
77.91
70.99
68.07
67.63
72. S4
67.32
64.53
6S.61
64.63
75.27
77.87
75.69
77.83

76.71
72.31
78.96
77.59
T6.98
77.10
73.90
75.60
76.90
75.21
74.42
71.65
75.10
69.30   75.60
7S.55    82.16
82.63
83.86
81.09

81.61
83.86
84.65
82.02
79.74
78.75
79.83
78.86
30.08
77.40

78.59
78.80
77.74
78.35
80.61
81.5-3
83.02
78.43

85.56
84.05
82.05
81.52
82.09
81.84
SO. 92
81.37
80.05
81.23
79.77
84.81
81.43
79.69
78.59
80.09
80.56
81.81
August.
81.48
82.31
82.29
80.01

85.14
83.05
80.23
82.44
80.80
80.24
80.65
80.21
81.04
82.18
83.42
83.67
80.19
79.17
79.79
81.52
81.26
Sept.
Oct.
76.19   63.51
      I
79.18   63.56
74.32 '  68.61
73.31 !  66.39
79.25
76.82
79.86
73.37
80.10
75.41
76.63
80.01
74.65
78.45
73.57
75.14
75.11
71.39

65.80

65.02
66.28
66.23
67.13

69.69
63.51
65.47
65.43
63.32
65.82
69.95
77.14 I  67.58
Nov.    Dec.  'Spring. Summer. Autumn.
58.75
57.56
60 00
59.70

65.74

54.18

66.46
63.43
57.63
62.64

54.13
64.18

55.06
56.00

57.07
57.98 !  63.23
      !l
54.59   68.99
55.35 !!  69.64
54.16
53.79
55.75
50.91
47.23
58.04
61.41
51.17
51.72
58.06
51.10
52.17
71.07
07.93
63.27
66.62
68.66
80.73
62.83
83.06
1 66.38	79.84
	84.10
69.69	83.65
71.66	S2.81
75.70	81.99
67.07	80.7S
70.20	80.28
68.25	80.46
68.66	80.14
	80.36
82.36
60.14
78.86
78.91
80.74
67.82
66.77
67.64
66.47

72.13

66.61

70.53
63.37
66.85
69.93

66.13
70.3S

65.21
66.4S

68.38
Winter.   Year.
59.90
08.94 !  81.21  !  68.21
56.54
56.35
55.33
51.62
51.99

55.11
55.93
52.93
55.23
57.96
57.90
53.94
53.55
50.70
54.03
63.44
6S.61
63.92
66.08
63.37
63.71
67.12
63.49
66.60
66.79
67.95
6S 14
                        FORT JESUP,  LOUISIANA.
Latitude  31°  33',  Longitude 93° 32'.    Altitude SO? feet.
1323....	51.00	43.33	6o.eo	71.57	77.10	77.67	83.04	83.21	75.95	69.81	58.45	57.40	69.78	SI. 37	68.07	50.53	67.45
1824....	58.98	54.25	63.92	64.44	76.55	84.81	85.93	83.87	77.98	66.03	57.94	56.61	68.33	84.90	67.32	56.61	69.28
1S25....	52.69	59. S3	64.67	66.97	77.75	80.98	82.79	85.11	77.56	63.77	57.10	45.11	69.80	82.96	66.14	52.54	67.80
1826....	46.82	57.76	63.49	70.23	77.91	79.82	85.45	83.98	76.07	63.75	60.28	52.83	72.21	83.08	68.37	51. SO	6S.S6
1S27....	51.C5	62.85	60.33	69.54	72.22	81.45	83.62	82.96	81.55	67.17	63.29	57.65	67.36	S2.63	69.67	57. IS	69.22
1328....	55.64	53.86	61.19	64.97	74.94	82.79	83.33	82.11	73.45	67.75	59.43	54.57	67.03	82.74	66. SS	56.36	63.25
1S29....	51.79	45.27	53.08	62.34	74.31	80.55	81.20	79.35	77.28	63.56	55.63	53.09	63.24	80.37	67.16	50.05	65.20
1:30....	50.44	50.5S	62.01	64.42	70. S2	79.30	82.93	83.08	77.27	70.10	59.29	48.12	65.75	81.77	68.39	49.71	66.53
1831....	41.43	45.37	59.43	66.07	72.75	SO. 93	81.09	76.53	73.53	62.74	53.76	38.07	66. OS	79.53	63.34	41.82	62.69
1832....	46.54	55.26	53.29	67.74	73.94	73.76	82.29	80.09	75.73	64.76	53.33	55.34	66.66	80.6S	64.61	52.71	66.16
1333....	55.79	53.85	55.87	67.44	75.07	61.15	83.95	83.82	78.63	61.85	56.70	53.10	66.13	82.97	65.73	54 25	67.27
1S34....	44.95	60.61	62.15	69.83	73.61	82.8S	82.06	82.12	72.95	69.07	61.55	50.15	63.53	82.35	67. S6	51.90	07.66
1835....	50.21	43.64	55.34	63.44	70.76	80.53	79.58	80.63	73.66	64.77	53 92	52.37	63.18	80.26	64.12	4S.74	64.07
1S36....	50.74	54.14	55.OS	67.85	70.57	76.67	80.35	78.58	75.69	59.84	49.61	46.58	64.50	78.53	62.05	50.49	63.89
1S37....	45.21	50.36	55.73	62.57	71.50	79.66	80.44	80.41	74.27	67.56	63.65	51.50	63.27	80.18	68.49	49.02	05.24
1S3S..--	51.12	42.79	61.27	69.12	63.54	80.94	81.00	80.07	74.27	64.44	52.17	45.83	66.31	SO. 67	63.63	46.53	64.30
1S39...-	52.63	50.36	59.71	60.59	73.30	SI. 85	81.25	83.51	73.53	73.03	55.46	48.85	64.53	82.20	69.01	50.61	66.58
1340....	50.49	57.33 80	64.52	71.80	73.37	SO. 08	82.06	83.30	76.39	70.07	55.03	50.59	69.90	SI. 81	67.16	52.82	67.92
 
622
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES  AND   SUMMARIES.
            FORT JESUP, LOUISIANA—Continued.
Latitude 31°  33', Longitude  93° 32'.   Altitude 80 feet.
Jan.		Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1341....	45.09	51.89	53.13	69.69	70.75	73.22	84.21	80.19	73.50	62.62	56.34	48.73	66.19	80.87	64.15	48.57	64.94
1842....	53.14	56.18	64.12	70.43	76.92	82.68	7S.16	78.65	76.93	64.79	50.74	47.02	70.59	80.14	64.15	52.1U	66.74
1843....	54.25	47.90	41.60	69.65	75.34	77.30	81.75	76.25	73.60	61.82	57.99	48.30	62.20	78.43	66.14	50.15	64.23
1844...	52.82	53.88	57.51	70.66	76.57	79.18	83.20	80.94	73.68	60.93	56.54	43.48	68.25	81.11	63.72	51.71	66.20
1845....	51.72	55.65	57.42	68.64	70.49	77.41	81.10		76.56	65.57	57.92	43.91	65.52		66.63	50 43	
Mean ) 23 y'rs j	50.63	52.69	59.45	67.37	73.72	80.25	82.22	81.35	76.09	65.90	56.66	49.68	66.85	81.27	66.22	51.00	66.34
              FORT SABINE, LOUISIANA.
Latitude 29° 45', Longitude 93° 50'.  At sea level*
* The post was on the low shore of Sabine lake, eight miles from the Gulf of Mexico, southward, and surrounded by water and marsh lands.
1S37___ 1S3S___	51	60	43.82	59.12	70.26	(63.54)	79.05	79.53	73.35	72	39	71.87	64.62	58.84	65.97	79.00	69.46	49.75	66 05
																			
           FORT TOWSON, INDIAN TERRITORY.
Latitude 34° 00', Longitude 95° 33'.   Altitude 300 ? feet.
1332....	89.59						79.39	75.20	69.93	61.16	47.80	47.00			59.65		
1833....	51.29	45.34	46.99	63.56	72.24	72. S4	85.70	80.55	74.44	57.81	49.33	43.83	60.93	79.70	60.53	46.83	62.00
1384....	32.32	50.49	55.14	65.93	68.95	79.52	80.93	81.94	67.57	62.54	56.69	42.19	63.34	80.80	62.27	41.63	62.01
1835 ...	44.80	84.94	51.12	60.14	72.06	76.87	76.51	76.03	63.14	59.75	43.04	45.09	61.11	76.47	56.98	41.44	59.00
1836....	41.17	44.77	47.94	61.59	69.66	75.63	78.76	79.39	74.16	58.51	48.22	41.36	59.78	77.93	60.30	42.43	61.00
1837....	40.51	46.91	52.94	58.68	66.75	77.44	81.85	80.20	72.21	. 64.31	57.98	45.80	59.12	79.83	64.83	44.41	62.05
1838....	43.69	84.18	56.90	66.42	62.93	78. SO	82.02	81.06	70.54	59.06	43.95	37.12	62.10	80.63	57.85	38.33	59.74
1839....	46.76	46.31	56.19	63.66	72.53	79.17	82.88	80.05	72.57	66.34	47.44	89.99	65.79	80.70	62.12	44.39	63.25
1340....	42.20	49.91	57.93	65.99	70.94	76.81	80.08	83.21	71.77	60.30	50.96	44.72	64.95	80.03	61.01	45.61	62.90
1841....	42.14	49.73	52.97	62.93	68.95	73.76	81.76	76.06	66.69	56.23	46.97	35.42	61.62	77.19	56.65	42.43	59.47
1842....	43.03	53.70	65.12	67.86	73.5S	78.76	80.96	78.61	76.60	63.06	46.26	43.22	68.85	79.44	61.97	46.65	64.24
1843....	49.40	48.60	39.00	66.51	70.30	75.10	78.80	75.95	76.15	59.10	53.50	45.65	58.60	76.62	62.92	46.18	61.08
1344....	44.40	49.22	51.73	6S.36	72.53	77.91	82.80	80.75	71.97	59.64	53.16	42.33	64.21	80.49'	61.59	45.32	62.90
1845....	46.57	50.71	52.20	67.70	68.49	77.31	81.59	79.73	75.44	60.10	49.50	35.79	62.80	79.54	61.68	44.36	62.09
1846....	43.60	42.60	53.85	61.27													
1849....						76.11	7S.18	79.16	74.26	59.11	56.53	42.00		77.82	63.30		
1S50....	46.10	47.13	53.48	59.81	67.22	76.06	80.57	82.49	75.28	63.12	51.71	39.29	60.17	76.37	63.37	44.14	61.01
1351....	44.81	44.88	56.25	60.38	71.91	78.30	82.23	82.54	78.75	63.25	47.60		02.51	81.02	63.20		
1852....									68.17	66.05	48.80	43.68			58.34		
1353....	41.73	43.75	51.84	64.24	67.25	73.02	79.69	81.40	73.40	60.27	54.95	42.48	61.11	79.70	62.87	42.67	61.59
1S54...	36.82	49.29	59.55	61.90													
Mean ) 20 y'rs j	43.14	45.97	53.40	64.00	60.77	76.97	80. S2	79.69	72.53	61.04	50.24	42.65	62.39	79.16 1	61.27	43.92	61.69
 
CONSOLIDATED  TABLES  AND  SUMMARIES.                  623
          FORT WASHITA, INDIAN TERRITORY.
Latitude 34° 14', Longitude 96° 38'.  Altitude 645 feet.
' Jan.		Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer	Autumn	Winter.	Year.
1S43....	47.50	41.70	36.50	65.30	69.70	76.70	80.30	77.00	75.40	58.90	52.40	47.20	57.17	78.00	62.23	45.47	60.72
1844....	45.02	51.16	53.44	68.27	73.41	77.13	82.39	82.54	71.20	60.64	54.99	45.91	65.04	80.69	62.28	47.36	63.84
1845....	47.29	53.64	53.17	69.18	69.25	73.38	84.31	79.18	76.06	60.71	49.52	39.08	63.87	83.62	62.10	46.67	63.31
1846....	47.80	44.90	55.94	63.46	72.5S	74.79	81.76	81.09	76.13	65.09	55.09	48.37	63.99	79.88	65.44	47.02	64.08
1S47....	35.83	45.60	49.16	67.72	66.90	76.34	79.47	78.48	73.46	65.52	51.16	44.00	60.96	78.10	63.38	41.81	61.06
1848 ...	47.44	51.72	55.95	58.59	74.82	75.37	79.74	81.08	73.62	63.55	44.87	32.03	63.12	78.73	60.68	43.73	61.56
1S49....	36.96	44.90	58.66	61.85	69.33	76.04	77.83	79.88	73. S5	60.74	57.65	41.49	63.23	77.92	C4.08	41.12	61.60
1S50....	47.06	46.29	52.96	59.50	66.31	74.62	81.01	83.31	77.04	65.53	53.57	37.16	59.59	79.64	65.38	43.50	62.03
1S51....	43.93	44.18	56.88	60.84	72.39	79.56	82.41	84.71	80.25	61.72	46.70	42.24	63.37	82.23	62.89	43.45	62.98
1852....	37.71	49.41	55.20	58.05	69.50	73.51	78.62	78.17	69.77	64.90	47.68	41.37	60.91	76.76	60.78	42.83	60.82
	42.05	42.37	51.44	63.94	65.46	76.90	78.41	81.50	74.08	60.78	54.18	42.63	60.28	78.94	63.01	42.35	61.14
1845....	36.76	48.94	60.41	61.43	69.80	75.48	83.13	83.40	77.20	66.38	51.56	43.70	63.83	80.67	05.05	43.13	63.18
Mean ) 12 y'rs f	42.91	47.07	53.31	63.18	69.93	76.23	80.78	80.86	74. S4	63.29	51.61	42.43	62.16	79.29	63.25	44.14	62.21
               FORT SMITH, ARKANSAS.
Latitude 35° 23', Longitude 94° 29'.  Altitude 460 feet.
1842....	42.99	44.77	61.50	63.54	69.64	74.78	77.19	74.56	72.49	57.75	• 41.36	38.34	64.89	75.51	57.20	42.03	59.91
1843....	41.70	36.83	31.53	60.23	67.72	74.38	78.79	74.83	73.71	54.14	47.88	40.25	53.16	76.00	58.58	39.59	56.83
1844....	33.24	45.77	43.12	66.58	71.15	76.71	81.13	76.82	68.06	56.20	48.65	37.94	61.95	78.22	57.69	40.65	59.61
1845....	43.49	47.39	50.05	68.82	68.50	78.61	82.47	73.27	72.55	55.34	44.98	31.38	62.46	79.78	57.62	40.75	60.15
1846....	39.32	33.70	52.46	62.56	71.24	73.50	80.65	78.80	75.73	61.55	51.21	46.47	62.09	77.65	62.83	41.66	61.06
1347....	34.43	40.17	47.96	65.71	65.76	75.71	77.86	75.88	71.01	62.34	47.75	42.40	59.80	76.48	60.37	38.87	58.87
184S....	44.87	43.07	52.69	59.61	72.61	75.07	79.01	79.45	68.74	60.93	42.93	34.01	61.64	77.84	57.53	42.32	59.83
1849....	35.78	40.91	57.65	59.46	64.43	76.80	79. S6	80.36	74.32	60.82	59.60	40.90	60.51	79.01	64.71	39.20	60.86
1850....	46.50	51.51	57.78	58.51	67.27	76.62							62.22				
1852....				53.92	67.91	72.74	73.07	76.51	69.06	63.58	46.53	39.60		74.10	59.72		
1853....	40.20	41.67	50.66	63.97	64.93	76.21	77.93	80.57	71.53	58.79	53.14	39.80	59.85	78.24	61.15	40.56	59.95
1854....	33.92	47.01	57.01	60.62	67.51	75.48	83.15	82.70	77.38	64.70	47.97	40.83	61.71	80.44	63.35	40.59	61.52
Mean ) 12 y'rs f	40.18	43.89	51.53	62.38	69.91	75.55	79.19	78.07	72.23	59.65	4S.36	39.27	61.29	77.60	60.08	41.11	60.02
           FORT GIBSON, INDIAN TERRITORY.
Latitude 34° 47',  Longitude 95° 10'.   Altitude 560 feet.
1827....							81.93	82.98	73.53	66.66	57.00	46.68			67.41		
1828....	44.26	47.63	54.74	59.06	71.36	81.16	81.75	82.04	69.72	66.02	55.39	47.86	61.72	81.65	63.71	46.53	63.34
1829....	44.52	28.65	48.32	59.51	74.16	78.09	SO. 76	82.92	75.08	62.67	50.14	50.29	60.66	80.59	62.63	41.15	61.26
1830....	47.64	47.4S	57.46	65.26	69.95	80.62	81.95	84.83	79.04	69.15	56.84	40.46	64.22	82.48	68.34	45.19	65.06
1881....	30.14	34.54	53.70	63.13	6S.09	75.34	82.71	76.66	70.69	60.23	50.34	31.89	61.64	78.24	60.42	32.19	58.12
1832....	41.81	41.92	55.21	64.25	69.67	77.31	80.25	77.3S	72.20	62.94	50.43	47.43	63.04	78.31	61.86	43.72	61.76
1833....	47.52	44.42	50.47	63.93	70.93	76.36	81.65	80.70	75.43	57.50	52.23	43.82	61.73	79.57	61.74	45.25	62.08
1834....	28.17	50.30	52.54	67.88	72.31	79.81	33.06	8S.22	73.87	65.81	54.97	41.06	64.24	B3.70	64.88	89.84	63.16
1835....	42.33	32.74	51.19	60.17	71.43	78.55	77.93	77.89	70.19	61.06	43.19	43.64	60.95	78.12	58.15	89.57	59.19
1836....	40.48	43.06	46.14	65.44	71.26	74.78	79.45	80.12	74.54	56.09	47.83	39.56	60.95	78.12	59.49	41.03	59.90
 
624
CONSOLIDATED  TABLES  AND  SUMMARIES.
       FORT GIBSON, INDIAN TERRITORY—Continued.



Latitude 34° 47',  Longitude 95° 10'.  Altitude 500 feet.
	1 Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	Augii4.t.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1887....	86.92	44.54	50.20	55.74	66.86	76.63	83.91	82.91	72.24	65.44	59.19	48.52	57.43	81.17	65.02	41.66	61.47
1S38....	40.99	23.81	53.70	65.70	62.23	79.21	83.07	S3. IS	74.42	56.43	40.37	33.65	00.56	81.32	57.06	84.32	53.44
	43.69	43.30	53.63	63.96	71.55	75.83	S2.79	82.53	74.64	67.21	47.24	89.73	64.73	SO. 38	63.03	42.24	62.59
1S40....	86.82	46.41	54.51	63 49	69.10	77.15	77.74	78.36	69.33	59.78	45.92	42.22	62.37	77.75	58.34	41.82	60.07
1841....	85.27	41.27	52.14	61.85	63.14	75.53	81.95	80.04	69.72	56.70	51.35	42.09	60.71	79.17	59.26	89.54	59.67
1842....	45.90	46.57	62.22	64.13	70.12	73.86	77.12	75.06	74.36	60.67	43.86	41.12	65.49	75.35	59.63	44.53	61.25
1843....	43.30	83.17	39.50	62.40	66.93	74.50	76. S3	74.17	73.20	56.65	50.25	45.20	56.28	75.15	61.70	42.22	53. S4
1S44....	40.67	47.31	50.45	66.30	69.89	75.77	80.00	77.40	68.67	57.91	53.41	41.73	62.21	77.72	59.00	43.24	60.54
1845....	46.24	50. C5	50.54	03.41	67.02	77.25	83.30	78.94	75.5S	58.25	47.12	34.40	62.01	79.83	60.82	43.76	61.48
1S46....	42.73	83.44	52.61	61.37	70.00	71.32	79.74	78.95	74.50	62.44	52.59	45.93	61.49	76.67	63.18	42.37	60.93
1347....	33.55	42.73	47.16	66.01	65.52	72.75	77.92	74.52	70.29	61.56	52.57	41.16	59.56	75.06	61.47	39.15	5S.S1
1S4S....	45.83	49.11	53.13	57.30	70.72	75. S3	77.95	76.63	63.00	62.39	43.SI	30.43	60.38	76.82	53.07	41.81	59.27
1849....	33.19	39.65	55.84	60.46	68.87	75.77	77.79	77.33	72.59	56.45	54.61	30.09	61.72	76.95	61.22	33.51	59.10
1850....	42 15	42.89	49.42	55.35	66.63	76.54	81.00	S3.7S	75.45	62.48	50.52	36.01	51.13	80.44	62.85	40.51	63.23
1851....	41.91	42.27	54.09	58.23	72.26	77.16	82.50	84.80	73.32	60.76	44.34	36.81	61.53	81.49	61.14	40.33	61.12
1852....	34. 82	47.03	54.00	58.80	70.13	74.31	81.60	76.97	69.36	63.96	44.95	37.39	60.97	77.62	59.43	39.74	59.44
1853....	89.63	39.90	49.40	63.31	64.79	78.11	80.23	62.36	73.31	59.80	53.11	41.22	59.17	80.23	62.07	40.25	60.43
1S54....	83.72	46.38	56.57	60.49	67.61	75.74	84.62	85.20	79.61	66.67	47.30	41.50	61.56	81.85	64.53	40.53	62.12
Mean 27i y'rs	[40.15	42.41	52.19	61.04	69.15	76. S2	80.76	80.24	73.50	61.56	49.92	40.84	61.04	79.41	61.66	41.13	60.SI
                 FORT  SCOTT, MISSOURI.



Latitude 37° 45',  Longitude 94° 35'.  Altitude 1000? feet.
1S43....	87.11	23.05	24.55	53.95	63.50	71.95	75.45	73.40	70.70	50.90	42.35	37.90	47.33	73.60	54.65	34.35	52.43
1844...	80.55	86.70	45.34	63.27	64.33	72.07	80.27	74.24	62.85	51.84	42.00	35.25	57.66	75.53	52.28	31.17	54.90
1845....	89.94	42.71	45.85	62.50	65.01	72.23	7S.34	76.02	69.20	52.23	39.61	25.37	57.79	75.53	53.63	36.01	55.75
1S46....	37.33	29.93	46.05	57.84	68.97	69.26	7S.40	75. S5	70.09	54. S3	44.91	37.31	57.45	74.50	56.61	34.86	55.85
1847....	22.70	33.32	37.17	57.88	61.57	70.93	76.06	72.23	67.38	56.27	41.85	33.89	52.21	73.07	55.00	29.97	52.56
1848....	37.41	89.6S	45.21	53.SI	68.53	72.71	74.94	76.08	61.77	56.42	35.28	21.95	55.85	74.58	52.16	33. CI	53.90
1849,...	22.91	30.10	49. C3	53.17	63.47	73.60	75.12	74.58	68.79	52.64	50.14	29.38	55.22	74.43	57.19	27.46	53.07
1850....	34.66	35.59	42.27	48.53	61.87	73.47	79.34	81.24	71.63	5S.20	46.09	27.41	50.89	73.02	53.64	32.55	55.02
1851....	83.71	86.82	43.14	53.46	69.50	73.40	78.23	76.63	73.59	58.11	39.02	31.30	57.03	76.09	56.90	33.78	55.9.3
1852 ...	28.45	89.11	47. S2	53.28	67.62	71.46	76.03	75.07	67.17	61.40	33.40	31.18	56.24	74.18	55.65	82.91	54.74
	85.24	33.80	43.00			..											
Mean ) 10 y'rs j	82.91	84.9S	43.13	55.72	63.48	72.11	77.22	75.53	6S.62	5: .2"!	41.91	31.09	54.78	74.95	55.27	32.99	54.50
 
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES  AND  SUMMARIES.                 625
           JEFFERSON BARRACKS, MISSOURI.
Latitude 38° 28', Longitude 90° 15'.   Altitude 472 feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1827....	32.09	44.55	50.98	61.22	65.52	73.62	80.15	31.67	72.95	58.9S	50.40	39.C9 ;	59.24	78.48	00.78	38.58	59.27
1S2S..4.	37.17	42. S2	49.43	55.85	70.03	80.69	79.41	81.56	67.89	50.75	50.55	44.85	58.44	80.55	56.40	41.61	59.25
1629 ...	36.31	20.52	42.60	60.17	73.73	77.21	76.82	76.97	65. SO	56.87	37.11	42.31	58. S3	77.00	53.26	33.05	55.53
1S30....	32.79	37.55	43.00	61.53	66.36	75.68	79.78	73.74	67.63	60.74	51.43	42.05	53.63	7S.07	59.93	37.80	58.61
1S31---	21.53	27.22	43.87				75.46	71,96	63.05	53.73	40.35	18.54			52.38	22.43	
1S-32---	31.13	31.17	50.35	5S.SS	63. S5	80.55	70.53	73.94	GO. 04	53.00	44.99	36.8S ,	57.09	77.01	56.54	33.05	56.07
1S33___	38.13	35. S9	42.76	61.31	70.68	73.3S	81.24	79.28	71.21	52.13	44.83	3S.30	5S.25	77.97	56.06	37.44	57.43
1SS4___	21.54	44.04	45.29	59.SI	67.56	75.91	81. CO	81.27	64.98	54.93	45.21	32.45	57.55	79.59	55.06	32.6S	56.22
1835___	33.64	21.75	42.02	54.05	69.73	74.47	74.41	73.10	61.42	59.26	40.79	35.00	55.27	73.99	53.82	30.13	53.30
1S36---										46.79	39.25	29.17					
1887....	28.52	37.37	40.73	49.15	61.70	70.52	77.05	75.03	65.03			1		74.40			
1S3S....				52.56	57.57	73.53	79.77	77.83	67.22	51.82	32.43	25.61 ;		77.04	50.52		
1S39....	37.06	36.95	43.80	62.11	62.82	69.10	73.81	72.40	65.76	63.95	38.03	28.02	56.24	71.77	55.91	30.08	53.65
1840....	24.96	39.4S	44.23	52.73		76.44	76.16	76.39	56.02	55.00	41.66	34.82		76.33	53.89	33.09	
1S41....	27.53	30.22	44.57	53.16	65.61	74.61	79.80	75.05	07.75	53.70	44.33	34.59	54.45	76.51	55.26	30.7S	54.25
1842....	3S.70	37.02	58.72	64. SI	65.12	71.09	75.09	71.79	71.24	59.64	37.67	34.38	62.88	72.CC	56.18	36.70	57.10
1843....	36.16	23.78	25.50	52.66	65.34	72.86	76.58	74.56	70.00	49.56	42.61	37.12	47.83	74.67	54.06	32.35	52.23
1S44....	31.32	37.72	44.03	62.91	65.20	70.87	77.58	73.78	64.99	52.7S	44.05	36.52	57.3S	77.73	53.94	35.19	56.07
1345....	39.13	43.05	46.32	65.63	66.86	77.62	79.85	76.50	70.40	54.45	41.58	25.03	59.60	77.99	55.48	35.74	57.20
1846....	37.78	30.02	46.85	59.35	69.65	69.32	73.42	77.63	72.93	53.39	45.08	38.59	'58.62	75.14	57.80	35.46	56.76
1847....			37.57			69.60	77.41		67.86			31.64					
1848....	38.49	40.99	42.42	56.61	68.53	71.43	72.51	73.97	63.83	54.46	37.93	31.63	54. S7	75.99	52.09	37.05	55.00
1849....	28.06	31.18	49.46	55.28	65.15	73.53	75.19	74.87	67.41	52.24	49.71	29.38	56.63	74.53	56.79	29.54	54.37
1850....	34.04	35.36	42.51	43.54	62.27	76.11	81.44	80.18	69.57	57.46	47.28	31.04	51.14	79.24	58.09	33.48	55.48
1351....	35.4S	33.29	48.13	50.83	63.27	73.62	79.53	70.05	73.53	57.52	41.09	29.78	55.74	76.40	57.3S	34.52	56.01
1852....	23.20	38.33	48.25	53.31	67.27	71.76	77.60	73.60	67.31	63.90	39.41	35.50	50.27	74.32	57.04	34.01	55.41
1853....	36.30	33.73	44.37	57.42	64.46	78.48	76.66	77.07	70.84	53.81	49.98	34.51	55.42	77.40	5S.21	34.85	56.47
1354....	2S.43	40.04	43.34	56.79	6S.44	74.78	85.80	82.12	75. S9	61.19	44.21	86.02	57.86	80.90	60.43	34.85	58.51
Mean 1 26 y'rs f	32.53	35.16	45.08	57.(,0	66.32	74.11	78.00	76.46	68.07	55.68	43.15	33.81	56.15	76.19	55.63	33.85	55.46
            ST. LOUIS ARSENAL, MISSOURI.
Latitude 38° 40', Longitude 1)0° 05'.   Altitude 450 feet.
1843....		22.54	25.28	56.03	66.79	74.80	79.83	70.82	72.59	53.39	41.74	35.93	49.37	77.15	55.91	31.54	53.4
1344....	31.44	36.57	42.11	64.83	66.23	75.29	81.63	74.84	66.75	51.04	44.45	36.43	55.74	77.25	54.08	34.81	55.9
1845....	38.69	40.51	44.34	60.99	61.71	73.50	79.32	75.85	75.03	53.95	40.55	24.13	55.68	70.22	56.51	34.44	55.7
1S46....	37.20	27.93	45.71	54.91	68.97	71.11	79.95	77.87	72.38	54.05	42.78	37.46	56.53	76.31	56.40	84.20	55.8
1347....	24.64	33.41	38.06	56.65	62.19	72.64	78.60	74.10	67.85	52.88	43.63	31.30	52.30	75.11	54.61	29.78	52.9
1S48....	35.57	37.90	42.16	51.08	66.14	73.10	76.65	74.67	62.96	54.23	37.25	30.20	53.13	74.81	51.48	34.56	53.4
1849 ...	25.12	28.44	46.40	53.36	63.96	76.69	75.04	73.71	66.62	50.30	49.02	28.96	54.57	75.14	65.31	27.51	55.6
1850....	34.03	33.76 81	41.33	48.55	61.47	75.61	73.83	77.89	07.31	54.14	44.72	29.85	50.45	77.79	55.89	81.24	53.7
 
626
CONSOLIDATED  TABLES  AND  SUMMARIES.
         ST. LOUIS ARSENAL,  MISSOURI—Continued.



Latitude 38° 40', Longitude 90° 05'.   Altitude 450 feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	[ Spring.	Summer.	Autumn	Winter.	Year.
1651....	32.50	36 31	46.32	50.61	66.49	72.41	78.35	77.09	71.71	55.13	39.39	29.21	54.47	75.95	55.41	82.69	54.63
1852....	27.84	85.23	46.79	52.00	65.93	72.40	78.12	73.55	67.40	59.91	3S.48	33.37	54.90	74.69	55.26	32.16	54.25
	33.25	31.88	42.95	56.53	04.58	73.13	76.00	76.27	69.01	51.70	46.96	32.14	54.69	76.80	55.89	32.42	54.95
1354....	25.47	86.66	46.10	55.41	66.36	74.75	82 25	81.30	75.3S	59.70	41.58	34.84	55.96	79.43	53.89	82.16	56.61
Mean I 12yVsf	81.44	83.43	42.30	55.08	65.07	74.20	78.22	76.16	69.5S	54.20	42.55	31 93	54.15	70.19	55.44	82.27	54.51
  Mean for sixteen years at St. Louis, 1833 to 184S, by Dr. Engelmann, 55.27 degrees.





             NEWPORT BARRACKS, KENTUCKY.



Latitude 39° 05', Longitude 84°  29'.   Altitude 500 feet.
1S47....							75.60	75.28	70.51	55.04	46.52	83.67			57.36		
1848....	36.76	37.00	43.25	55.54	09.08	73.88	75.50	75.00	63.75	54.81	39.98	41.27	56.29	74.79	52.85	38.84	55.57
1849....	83.08	31.08	49.00	54.50	65.20	76.34	75.19	73.50	66.77	55.25	51.15	32.14	56.23	75.01	67.72	32.10	57.76
1850....	37.47	35.54	42.44	51.16	59.32	74.64	79.59	76.50	66.87	54.40	47.18		51.30	76.91	56.15		
1S51....	36.42	42.87	48.55	53.32	67.13	72.46	76.30	75.16	69.77	55.48	43.07	31.28	56.33	74.64	56.11	86.86	55.98
1852....	27.26	87.95	46.62	51.01	64.37	68.97	76.74	72.20	65.79	00.44	41.92	40.15	54.00	72.64	56.05	35.12	54.45
	35.52	84.55	41.60	55.00	63.93	76.00	73.41	74.43	67.86	51.35	45.98	34.88	53.51	74.61	55.06	34.98	54.54
1854....	31.75	89.60	46.74	53.20	64.00	72.13	79.54	78.13	74.34	59.75	41.89	85.37	54.05	76.60	5S.60	35.57	56.37
Mean ) 7-4 y'rs j	34.04	36.94	45.46	53.39	64.72	73.49	76.48	75.02	68.21	55.81	44.71	34. S4	54.52	75.00	56.24	35.27	55.26
Mean ) 18 y'rs \	33.50	34.10	43.40	54.50	63.50	71.10	76.30	73.70	65.50	53.00	42.30	33.80	53.80	73.70	53.60	38.80	53.70
       The last summary is of observations at Cincinnati by Professor Ray.





                   DETROIT,  MICHIGAN.*



Latitude 42° 20', Longitude 82° 58'.   Altitude 580 feet.
Is36....				44.97	56.76	63.39	67.15	60.52	58.13	39.96	33.12	24.79		63.69	43.74		
1S37....	21.57	24.29	29.84	38.31	51.68	62.74	66.22	65.41	58.74	46.95	39.59	26.63	39.94	64.79	48.43	24.16	44.33
1S3S....	27.72	12.11	38.77	39.68	50.62	63.12	73.78	68.67	59.51	62.66	29.31	17.60	43.02	70.19	43.83	19.14	44.05
1339....	25.69	27.38	32.77	50.74	59.85	65.02	72.67	66.67	55.63	57.46	33.04	23.03	47.79	63.12	50.38	27.03	48.33
1840....	20.37	33.28	35.19	48 14	60.78	66.75	67.86	66.57	56.89	48.43	37.80	23.39	43.04	67.06	47.71	27.35	47.54
1S41....	25.96	25.76	81.47	42.04	51.89	67.16	68.06	63.16	61.81	45.64	36.83	31.81	41.80	63.13	48.76	27.03	46.57
1342....	82.67	31.74	44.89	49.17	54.13	60.30	66.39	67.21	61.00	51.14	34.93	29.57	49.40	64.65	49.02	31.30	43.59
1S43....	30.4S	19.25	22.45	46.83	54.35	64.33	66.00	66.08	65.48	44.62	34.95	31.35	41.21	65.47	43.35	27.03	45.51
1844....	23.43	29.37	34.90	54.57	58.49	63.9S	70.73	66.67	62.25	47.27	33.11	30.03	49.32	67.13	49.21	27.61	48. Si
1S45....	30.07	29.92	39.70	48.60	55.40	66.17	70.92	71.92	59.70	43.85	35.50	21.95	47.90	69.67	4S.01	27.31	48.22
1346....	29.32	24.62	36.85	80.03	62.92	66.27							49.95		......		
1-49....	24.69	26.03	39.16	45.69	56.11	69.85	72.60	69.84	63.81	49.71	46.77	26.95	46.96	70.76	53.43	25.89	49.26
1S50....	30.77	29.65	35.37	44.31	55.04	69.63	74.59	71.69	60.64	49.53	44.21	25.98	44.97	71.97	51.46	23.80	49.30
1851....	23.47	32.66	89.66	44.69	56.32								46.79				......
Mean ) 13 y'rs (	27.01	26.62	35.40	46.26	56.02	65.62	69.71	67.47	60.05	47.69	38.26	26.88	45.89	67.60	48.67	26.34	47.25
* At Detroit Arsenal, Dearbornville, ten miles west of the city, to the close of 1S39 ; subsequently at Detroit Barracks. 
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES  AND  SUMMARIES.
627
              FORT GRATIOT, MICHIGAN.
Latitude 42° 55', Longitude 82° 23'.  Altitude 598 feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	a ■ 1 Spring.	Bummer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1S30....				52.00	54.40	61.93	73.59	71.23	62.26	55.30	45.56	23.03		68.92	54.37		
1331...	21.26	20.17	3S.65	44 22	56.07	70.15	72.03	70.61.	59.38	52.23	38.40	15.82	46.31	70.93	50.00	19.03	40.58
1S32....	25.16	21.09	35.28	43.84	53.57	67. S5	70.99	61.98	62.73	53.96	39.10	31.97	44.23	69.37	51.95	26.17	47.93
1S33....	29.65	24.80	31.67	43.19	57.70	62.08	70.40	68.90	61.95	47.04	39.93	34.92	45.85	67.13	49.66	29.79	■48.11
1834....	21.39	34.30	34.96	47.30	5S.44	64.10	75.16	70.79	60.77	47.94	40.27	80.36	46.90	70.02	49.66	28.63	43.SI
IS35...	28.49	23.06	32.95	44.60	53.07	65.80	68.55	66.87	55.94	52.96	38.66	26.46	45.21	67.07	49.19	26.00	46.37
1S30....	26.63	17.53	24.57	38.61	52.29	58.98	68.08	61.15	53.63	41.00	36.5S	27.14	38.82	62.74	45.42	23.78	42.(9
1837....	23.21	25.03	23.98	36.74	47.70								37.81				
1889....							69.64	65.15	55.32	55.43	34.24	26.09			48.33		
1840....	16.71	31.42	34.75	46.26	58-09	65.87	68.15	69.32	63.95	40.87	3 .59	24.61	46.57	67.78	46.80	24.25	46.35
1311....	23.70	20.31	30.87	40.32	50.18	64.20	71.60	69.65	63.27	44.61	37.48	31.13	40.46	63.48	48.45	25.05	45.61
1842....	30.26	29.46	39.2S	48.05	51.36	5S.41	64.84	66.52	58.23	50.10	34.71	27.93	46.23	63.26	47.63	29.22	46.60
1843....	29.18	18.46	19.96	39.94	53.00	60.46	63.32	67. SI	63.50	44.90	34.80	31.90	36 63	63.86	47.73	2G.51	43.63
1844....	22.57	2S.82	33.62	53.40	58.18	60.97	66.82	65.25	60.43	45.56	36.24	29.79	48.40	64.35	47.41	26.39	46.64
1S45....	28.46	29.43	38.49	44.49	52.18	63.18	69.52	69.69	5S.81	47.94	36.05	20.64	45.05	67.46	47.60	26.18	43.57
1846....	26.53	22.96	34.63	45.36	56.54	62.15							45.51				
1849....							70.33	65.87	60.00	43.58	45.25	25.53			51.24		
1850....	29.43	26.89	29.62	41.71	48.91	66.87	71.25	68.67	57.48	43. OS	42.25	24.-12	40.08	63.93	39.23	26.91	43.7'J
1851....	25.67	29.55	35.09	40.83	53.16	62.00	67.56	64.34	62.46	50.76	35.14	24.63	43.02	64.63	49.45	26.62	45.93
1852....	21.90	36.17	31.01	36.61	50.89								89.51				
Mean Hi y'rs.	j-25.30	25.26	33.16	44.08	53.80	63.44	69.55	67.10	60.31	43.66	38.24	26.55	43.68	66.70	49.07	25.70	46.29
             FORT MACKINAC, MICHIGAN.
Latitude 45° 51', Longitude 84° 33'.  Altitude 728 feet.
1325....			___						55.26	47.92	38.60	20.70			47.26		
1826....	1B.93	17.66	26.32	32.85	50.59	61.14	66.74	63.29	54.84	48.63	35.60	23.41	36.59	63.72	46.36	20.00	41.S7
1323....	21.14	20.06	28.17	85.96	47.60	57.81	61.53	63.85	55.18	46.4S	36.12	26.25	37.24	61.06	45.92	22.43	41.67
1S29....	19.87	11.44	22.78	87.09	55.52	60.95	63.89	65.95	53.20	47.56	29.63	29.79	38.46	63.60	43.45	20.10	41.40
1S30....	16.2S	21.45	2S.51	48.62	46.31	56.44	70.. 12	64.88	53.16	49.76	43.40	24.76	39.48	63.81	48.77	20.83	43.2.;
1831....	16.43	14.97	30.88	37.58	48.27	61.54	64.75	65.56	53.02	45.62	34.14	13.94	38..S1	63.95	44.20	15.13	40.55
1832....	18.89	8.00	27.94	38.22	44 38	59.08	61.69	63.54	54.38	46.73	31.35	27.01	36.85	61.44	44.32	17.30	39.93
1S83....	21.54	16.29	23.16	38.97	48.97	53.60	62.05	64.14	55.66	41.73	35.36	32.36	87.03	59.93	44.25	23.40	41.15
1834....	16.42	24.64	26.92	39.58	44.69	53.19	65.57	65.39	54.67	41.08	34.95	21.75	37.05	61.38	43.63	20.94	40. :■>;
1835....	22.87	10.08	24.80	36-0!	47.73	59.45	62.83	62.27	50.25	43.55	29.53	19. SS	86.18	61.52	41.11	17.61	39.10
1836....	18.22	12.33	15.54	32.42	46.44	53.77	63.82	57.72	50.79	37.73	34.11	22.55	31.47	59.10	40.83	17.70	37.29
1837....	17.44	17.39	20.07														
1S42....	26.49	24.01	33.42	40.93	45.30	51.61	61.62	65.90	55.90	47.88	32.50	24.59	39. SS	59.71	45.26	25.03	42.47
1843....	25.40	8.25	16.87	36.-56	44.38	56.56	59.82	64.98	57.70	42.29	80.60	27.75	32.60	60.45	43.53	20.80	39.34
1S44....	16.23	23.61	26.29	42.48	48.80	54.10	63.64	■62.64	55.52	48.46	34.81	24.44	89.17	60.13	44.60	21.43	41.33
1345....	22.67	22.53	30.01	86.83	47.78	56.60	64.15	64.45	53.76	44.10	81.78	19.86	3S.04	61.73	43.21	21.69	41.17
1346....	23.92	18.00	30.14	38.32	50.41	53.77	66.00	68.07	61.25	42.04	37.97	25. S2	39.62	64.28	46.95	22.5S	48.86
1847....	13.14	15.56	19.60	88.82	45.70	53.12	65.41	60.97	52.19	48.69	32.60	22.57	32.87	59.83	42. S3	17.09	33.16
1843....	20.86	20.69	23.21	37.31	43.14							20.73	36.22			20.76	
 
G2S
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES  AND   SUMMARIES.
           FORT MACKINAC, MICHIGAN—Continued.
Latitude 45° 51', Longitude 84°  33'.   Altitude 728 feet.
	Jan.	Feb. March. 1		April.	May.	June,	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
134!> 1350___ 1351.... 1552... 1S53.... 1S54 ..	13.98 12.36 23.66 23.09 19.47 25.36 15.80 20.14 22.35 17.63 13.09 15.89 1		28.10 25.67 30.21 24.17 27.12 26.40	33.30 33.92 36.26 35.73 38.13 37.06	46.06 43.10 44.79 46.76 47.62	5S.90 61.30 57.61 56.00 59.96	66.93 68.00 66.75 64.47 63.81 67.12	61.64 67.25 63.37 65.65 65.06 62.47	50.15 58.91 58.86 55.13 57.23 59.72	44.10 45.22 49.55 45.97 44.24 49.61	41.53 36.14 27.71 32.37 33.75 33.66	20.17 19.53 16.57 25.46 23.66 21.41	85.82 35.90 37.08 37.34 37.03	62.49 65.52 62.38 61.62 63.18	45.26 46.76 45.37 44.49 45.07 47.06	15.50 22.11 20.47 20.47 21.40 16.30	89.77 42.57 41.33 41.86 41.17
Mean \ 24 y'rs J	l 19.37 17.60 | 25.68 1			37.03	47.47	57.31	64.55	64..05	55.08	45.17	34.30	23.12	36.73	61.97	43.85	20.03	40.65
             FORT DEARBORN, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.
Latitude  41° 52',, Longitude  87° 35'.   Altitude  591 feet.
1532 ... 1S33.... 1S34.... 1335.... 1836....	29.92 13.51 23.82 22.63	27.81 35.06 14.15 21.94	33.59 30.94 32.27 26.41	50.88 47.75 42.92 42.77	60.71 55.25 55.22 54.12	64.25 63.54 63.71 59.18	71.25 73.00 74.87 67.66 67.09	71.95 70.83 71.66 65.92 62.41	63.40 64.55 60.5S 54.76 57.20	54.43 45.91 46.69 48.33 47.24	40.10 40.00 40.54 34.35 34.51	33.83 34.29 29.79 25.03 24.37	48.39 46 93 43.80 41.10	69.35 70.02 65.76 62.89	52.64 50.15 49.27 45.81 46.32	30.67 26.12 22.50 22.93	49.6-43.1( 44.4 43.35
Mean |	23.60	24.74'	32.30	46.08	56.32	62.67	70.77	68.55	60.10	48.54	37.90	29.37	44.90	67.33	48.85	25.90	46.7 £
                   FORT BRADY, MICHIGAN.
Latitude 46°  30', Longitude 84° 43'.    Altitude 600 feet.
1523....	22.10	9.47	20.48	39.69	46.96
1324....	19.95	12.65	25.19	39.34	48.54
1825....	IS. 73	25.62	30.97	41.54	52.55
1826....	17.62	16.53	25.37	32.86	54.03
1827....	17.36	22.73	25. So	39.39	49.92
1323....	13.43	20.33	2S.73	39.35	52.80
1S29....	16.40	9.83	23.16	33.21	55.20
1830.. .	13.19	1^.67	27.92	46.18	48.48
1S31..'..	15.43	16.S6	33.72	30.19	51.56
1332....	13.21	9.55	28.8S	40.96	48.55
1833....	17.74	14.01	23.35	40.63	54.15
1834....	14.SO	21.24	27.70	40-63	51.59
1S35 ...	21.50	10.06	25.14	3S.34	52.37
1S36....	17.72	11.38	16.12	33.68	4S.73
1837....	13.40	13.61	16.07	£0.44	42.96
1833....	16.77	8.23	81.17	30.71	44.90
1S39....	16.20	20.73	23.02	45.44	45.85
134)....	15. OS	21.59	23.82	38.35	58.37
1341...	16.S3	15.46	22.34	33.50	46.23
1342....	13.17	19.49	80.85	39.21	42.14
1343...	21. SI	8.69	12.70	35.96	44.60
1344...	10.51	20.42	23.77	42.67	47.95
1845....	17.90	19.75	27.80	35.57	44.52
59.71	68.44	64.17	53.20
60.07	64.56	62.87	57.80
61.90	67.39	67.99	54.84
62.16	......		
59.68	63.60	63.57	5S.87
61.23	67.20	64.86	54.85
59.76			
59.35	71.00	62.33	55.22
62.49	65.11	65.75	53.76
62.69	69.55	63.13	55.41
57.56	62.93	64.36	54.55
56 .32	67.98	66.38	53.10
61.65	64.29	62.49	51.69
58.57	62.43	55.69	49.39
55.87	57.63	5S.55	53.10
59.00	67.85	63.20	55.54
57.46	66.16	64.83	52.66
62.19	64.07	60.03	52.45
63.59	61.41	63.43	54.99
50.52	58.45	62.93	51.12
55.60	67.90	62.93	53.30
53.89	61.06	60.17	53.35
56.27	61.20	63.77	54.92
42.49
42.61
45.70
45.37
45.12
45.53
47.64
49.50
46.19
49.60
39.84
40.37
43.88
37.56
40.23
41.13
43.44
40.77
41.02
43.17
33.04
89.85
45.42
29.72
31.35
36.77
33.44
31.15
34.50
28.81
44.08
34.97
32.50
33.05
34.5.4
30.55
33.19
34.53
24.05
31.38
31.44
31.78
29.07
28.25
29.32
31 50
19.69	35.71	64.13
20.45	37.69	62.50
17.48	41.69	65.78
21.93.	37.42	
20.33	38.39	62.28
23.74	40.29	64.43
23.56	38.86	
24.66	40.86	64.23
12.39	41.49	64.45
24.16	39.46	65.12
33.96	39.38	61.62
18.76	39.99	63.73
19.00	33.62	62.81
19.91	32.84	53.91
20.95	29.82	57.37
12.21	35.59	63.35
27.90	33.10	62.98
19.37	41.85	62.10
22.82	84.02	62.74
20 78	37.40	57.30
25.80	81.09	62.14
20.91	83.13	53.21
18.25	35.80	60.41
41.80
43.94
45.77

45.05
44.96

49.60
44.97
45.34
42.48
42.67
42.04
40.05
42.62
40.26
44.16
41.55
42.58
41.12
89.86
41.01
43.98
17.09
19.G3
20.01
13.69
20.14
20. S3
IS. 2s
1S.S4
14.89
17.31
21.90
18.27
16.35
16.34
15.99
12.40
21.61
13.65
18.37
19.48
17.10
17.23
18.63
39.63
40.95
43.46

41.46
42.63

43.43
41.45,
41.93
41.34
41.16
40.08
37.03
36.45
37.90
41.71
41.09
39.43
38.82
87.55
38.66
39.70 
CONSOLIDATED  TABLES  AND  SUMMARIES.
629
                FORT BRADY, MICHIGAN—Continued.
Latitude 46° 30', Longitude 84° 43'.   Altitude 600 feet.
               FORT WILKINS, MICHIGAN.
Latitude 47° 30', Longitude 88° 00'.  Altitude 620 feet.
             FORT  HOWARD, WISCONSIN.
Latitude 44° 30', Longitude 88° 05'.   Altitude  620 feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1346....	23.50	17.12	31.70	42.17	52.95	61.72			61.62	44.87	39.72	25.75	42.27		48.74	22.12	
1847....	12.40	13.26	19.87	35.03	51.37	55.64	66. E9	62.43	54.71	44.25	32.85	22.10	35.42	61.69	43.94	15.92	39.24
1848....	18.53	21.80	25.14	39.11	50.11								38.12				
1850....	21.80	21.74	26.92	36.88	47.31	62.64	65.88	64.49	54.46	45.29	37.38	18.66	37.04	64.34	45.71	20.73	41.96
1851....	17.69	21.96	28.64	38.20	44.47	53.46	62.46	61.28	56.32	44.73	26.64	17.29	37.10	59.07	42.57	18.93	39.43
1852....	11.69	14.13	18.03	34.52	48.91						35.65	25.06	33.82			16.96	
	21.38	18.20	27.70	38.96	48.97	59.8S	62.04	63.14	54.08	40.59	82.51	20.47	38.54	61.69	42.39	20.02	40.66
1854....	11.02	12.98	23.14	40.87	46.36	60.54	65.20	61.27	58.04	44.00	29.76	15.26	36.79	62.34	43.93	13.09	39.04
Mean ) 81 y'rs J	17.22	16.20	25.15	38.31	49.34	58.40	64.73	62.90	54.57	43.56	32.50	21.50	37.60	62.01	43.54	18.31	40.37
1344....						56.78	63.30	63.10	55.82	41.64	29.54	22.67		61.06	42.00		
1S45....	21.40	23.70	25.99	36.83	44.80	55.85	63.80	61.24	55.75	44.18	30.81	18.43	35.89	60.30	43.58	21.18	40.24
1S46....	25.40	19.09	31.88	39.26	52.03	57.41							40.96				
Mean ..	23.40	21.40	28.94	38.07	48.41	56.63	63.55	62.17	55.79	42.91	30.17	20.55	38 47	00.80	42.96	21.7S	41.00
1822....	13.20	21.40	34.87	41.18	61.15	66.48	72.45	69.59	59.18	43.47	36.32	9.37	45.73	69.51	46.32	14.66	44.05
1323....	19.74	15.17	25.98	42.60	52.23	66.01	71.73	69.09	53.45	42.56	23.91	20.06	40.27	68.94	41.97	18.32	42.38
1324....	24.45	17.95	28.48	42.19	53.53	65.12	73.07	67.92	59.54	42.52	30.50	27.25	41.40	63.70	44.15	23.22	44.37
1825....	18.51	28.15	34.05	47.29	56.93	69.26	79.13	68.56	56 55	48.95	37.25	16.19	46.09	72.82	47.58	20.95	46.73
1326....	19.19	18.85	29.39	39.51	62.35	67.89	70.74	68.24	57.26	50.92	36.29	20.92	43.75	6S.96	48.16	19.65	45.13
1827....	16.21	25.10	31.00	43.20	55.61	68.15	72.14	70.17	64.12	46.95	34.19	20.42	43.27	70.15	48.42	20.53	45.60
1823....	18.97	23.48	36.60	41.84	56.79	69.73	69.75	69.69	55.30	48.43	34.60	24.58	45.08	69.72	46 11	22.34	45.81
1S29___	13.95	6.83	27.10	40.16	61.21	68.76	68.51	67.45	56.00	49.73	26.51	29.39	42.82	63.24	44.08	18.41	43.89
1330___	14.04	24.47	33.21	51.55	54.53	64.00	75.72	6S.77	57.05	54.07	43.04	20.81	46.43	69.50	51.89	19.77	46.77
1831___	9.93	12.71	33.69	40.90	56.51	63.83	72.03	70.04	53.63	46.18	31.21	3.86	43.70	70.32	43.69	8.83	41.63
1832....	16.67	9.27	34.49	47.23	53.95	68.44	71.65	66.51	58.54				45.22	68.87			
1333....	21.43	20.12	30.62	47.69	58.74	64.04	72.55	70.40	60.97	42.74	37.27	33.47	45.75	69.00	47.00	25.02	46.69
1834....	11.55	31.30	33.05	46.77	53.4S	63.53	75.23	71.19	58.53	46.66	39.93	26.47	46.10	69.93	48.37	23.11	46.89
1835....	25.84	11.78	31.95	43.06	59.93	67.84	69.83	67.82	53.56	47.34	29.18	19.79	45.00	68.00	43.36	19.14	43.88
1S36___	20.97	20.60	23.89	41.84	56.86	63.78	69.15	62.67	55.00	40.33	34.68	23.69	40.86	65.20	43.34	71.75	42.79
1837 ...	24.16	23.44	25.65	38.03	47.95	62.34	67.70	64.72	56.94	45.56	39.66	26.42	87.21	64.92	47.39	24.67	43.55
1833....	21.62	12.54	37.67	39.69	51.03	66.79	71.51	69.82	56.30	42.57	25.84	15.54	42.63	69.37	41.57	16.57	42.53
1839....	24.11	25.12	30.15	52.91	53.93	61.25	71.31	65.28	55.46	54.29	32.07	27.18	45.66	65.95	47.21	25.47	46.07
1840....	16.08	22.67	33.59	46.36	59.54	63.89	68.91	65.53	56.97	45.94	33.00	21.01	46.50	67.61	45.24	19.92	44.82
1349....										44.77	42.17	15.46					
1850....	21.79	23.38	28.98	37.83	50.11	66.75	70.87	68.03	56.31	47.33	84.69	17.84	38.97	68.22	46.11	21.00	43.87
lc51...-	20.15 I	24.89	33.47	39.96	50.19	62.26	67.32	64.56	61.16	46.11	81.10	17.69	41.20	64.71	46.12	20.91	43.23
Mean ) 21 y'rs J	18.93	19.96	81.33	43.43	55 79	66.17	71.49	67.83	57.23	46.54	84.26	20. S3	43.52	68.51	46.01	19.91	44.49
 
630
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES  AND  SUMMARIES.
               FORT WINNEBAGO, WISCONSIN.
Latitude 43°  31', Longitude  89° 28'.  Altitude  770? feet.
* The summer months of this year are reported as unprecedentedly hot and dry in Wisconsin.
               FORT CRAWFORD,  WISCONSIN.
 Latitude 43° 05', Longitude 91° 00'.  Altitude 642 feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1329....	25.49	9.64	33.77	46.83	64.01	6S.40	70.08	70.86	61.11	55.45	81.00	83.75	48.20	69.61	49.19	22 96	47.49
1830*...	17.43	28.20	88.40	57.35	61.97	71.38	83.65	76.20	63.83	60.21	47.62	23.24	52.57	77.08	57.22	22.96	52.46
1S31....	13.77	18.94	40.12	49.18	61.44	73.55	74.49	72.46	61.37	51.97	83.85	9.88	50.25	73.50	49.06	14.16	46.74
1832....	24.40	16.52	41.53	53.52	57.40	72.75	76.04	71.33	64.95	55.69	37.02	32.63	50.83	73.39	52.55	24.52	50.82
1833....	29.82	28.31	42.20	54.06													
1834....									59.73	47.35	39.00	22.51					
1835....	21.13	7.33	30.83	43.08	5S.94	64.10	67.99	64.85	51. IS	45.75	27.14	18.62	44.23	65.48	41.36	15.71	41.71
1836....	15.95	17.66	20.49	40.34	56.65	62.06	67.56	61.67	54.33	36.75	31.25	16.98	89.16	63.76	40.78	13.53	39.31
1837....	16.67	19.63	23.30	36.44	50.34	61.73	6S.29	64.12	55.77	46.81	85.05	20.77	86.69	64.71	45.71	19.04	41.54
1833....	17.95	6.04	87.89	37.50	49.35	66.57	73.01	68.22	56.49	39.21	21.63	12.93	41.58	69.27	39.11	12.31	40.57
1839....	22.36	22.79	30.47	53.97	54.78	60.57	63.56	64.02	51.22	52.42	28.16	22.33	46.41	64.38	43.93	22.49	44.30
1840....	12.78	22.97	31.52	44.76	58.95	65.33	66.52	64.49	54.45	43.82	30.00	16.45	45.08	65.46	42.76	17.40	42.67
1841....	12.03	15.08	28.98	39.69	55.99	66.27	67.97	63.96	54.50	42.50	81.67	23.49	41.52	66.07	42.89	16.87	41.84
1842....	20.52	21.95	89.70	50.58	52.88	57.76	66.16	65.39	57.63	47.89	26.76	18.31	47.72	63.10	44.09	20.26	43.79
1843....	22.08	8.75	12.38	44.31	53.22	64.26	70.59	67.04	61.83	39.29	29.88	27.24	36.64	67.80	48.67	19.84	41.74
1844....	16.57	24.47	35.02	55.17		63.21	71.10	66.43	59.10	43.69	32.11	20.87		66.91	44.93	20.64	
1845...	23.53	27.54	34.96	48.40	57.41	66.57	72.22	69.66					46.92	69.43			
Mean ) 16 y'rs J	19.52	18.50	32.60	47.20	56.66	65.63	70.95	67.31	57.83	47.90	82.14	21.33	45.49	67.96	45.96	19.78	44.80
1S22....	14.86	23.73	3S.01	43.99	60.45	69.25	73.66	72.70	61.16	44.37	34.26	9.53	47.48	71.87	46.60	16.04	45.50
1824....	24.59	20.14	26.96	43.86	58.46	67.90	71.84	70.12	61.84	46.53	41.86	26.56	43.09	69.79	46.74	23.76	45.34
1S25.... 1829....	18.55	80.45	40.96				71.00	73.76	63.05	54.81	30.26	31.93			49.37		
1330....	20.21	27.84	38.42	56.76	64.10	73.53	81.46	77.07	61.45	55.97	45.90	19.28	53.09	77.35	54.44	22.44	51.83
1S31..-..	9.92	18.90	86.80	47.26	61.90	72.69	76.56	71.93	60.17	52.00	29.54	5.97	48.65	73.78	47.24	11.60	45.30
1832....	18.42	9.96	37.43	54.84	35.92	72.75	74.40	70.06	62.08	52.01	35.18	28.90	49.40	72.40	49.76	19.09	47.60
	27.57	23.94	84.85	58.86	64.92	70.49	7S.72	76.57	70.27	43.79	39.47	32.68	52.88	75.26	51.18	28.06	51.84
1834....	7.96	34.16	34.74	57.44	51.07	68.88	80.49	77.55	59.56	48.58	41.99	27.93	47.75	75.64	50.04	23.35	49.19
1835....	26.27	9.47	35.74	46.45	64.57	68.77	73.83	70.25	56.45	49.57	29.74	21.69	48.92	70.95	45.25	19.14	46.06
1S36....	17.72	20.08	24.22	45.73	63.91	67.45	72.95	67.26	60.49	41.71	34.83	20.51	44.62	69.22	45.63	19.42	45.53
1837....	18.48	25. S4	26.86	42.56	56.71	64.08	73.74	70.97	61.14	50.06	39.66	21.57	42.02	69.60	50.29	21.95	45.96
1833....	22.03	6.92	43.43	45.16	56.63	72.40	73.22	73.95	63.99	45.87	27.45	17.86	48.41	74.86	45.77	15.60	46.16
1839.. .	27.38	23. S3	35.65	61.56	63.44	69.51	78.71	72.05	58.81	59.53	33.55	25.49	53.55	73.42	50. C3	27.25	51.46
1840....	16.21	26.46	87.15	51.34	65.97	73.89	73.31	70.50	59.45	47.94	35.63	23.42	51.49	72.57	47.67	22.03	43.44
1841....	16.79	21.73	36.92	44.99	64.78	71.43	74.25	69.16	59.49	47.61	36.87	25.82	48.90	71.61	48.99	21.46	47.74
1S42....	20.81	22.71	43.95	59.68	59.64	67.63	73.78	71.13	62.74	53.39	29.14	19.47	54.42	70.85	43.46	20.83	43.64
1343....	20.17	7.70	8.29	45.60	56.22	67.16	74.00	71.10	65.18	40.22	31.27	28.61	86.70	70.75	45.56	18.83	42.96
1344...	17.25	24.70	37.6S	57.24	60.68	66.12	74.19	70.00	60.43	46.74	85.79	20.47	51.87	70.10	47.65	20.81	47.61
1S45....	24.43	23.06	3S.27	52.57	61.01	68.07	75.25	72.33					50.62	71.88			
Mean ) 19 y'rs )	19.43	21.67	34.53	50.88	60.5S	69.55	75.26	72.03	61.54	48.92	34.56	22.65	48.66	72.28	43.84	21.25	47.63
 
CONSOLIDATED  TABLES   AND  SUMMARIES.                  631
             FORT ARMSTRONG, ILLINOIS.
Latitude 41° 30', Longitude 90° 40'.  Altitude 528 feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer	Autumn	Winter.	Year.
1824.... 1S25.... 1826.... 1827.... 1828.... 1829.... 1830.... 1831.... 1832.... 1333.... 1884.... 1S35....	£9.58 21.59 19.26 21.75 24.28 25.75 23.45 13.10 23.35 31.30 12.82 27.38-	24.57 33.04 22.74 31.37 31.08 12.41 30.29 17.72 17.43 28.12 36.17 11.28	32.92 42.04 37.16 40.43 35.69 32.56 41.18 3S.89 41.06 37.68 39.07 35.22	49.17 54.35 44.95 51.18 48.25 49.73 55.90 48.56 54.92 55.68 54.44 45.66	61.64 C5.12 6S.89 63.83 62.03 67.08 62.38 59.64 58.42 63.30 59.70 60.10	70.05 74.64 74.28 72.31 75.54 74.12 72.26 70.45 73.24 65.88 67.64 66.26	76.47 79.91 76.41 78.38 76.85 75.10 81.36 74.34 74.62 76.87 71.03	74.06 77.51 72.20 76.66 76.73 74.88 76.53 72.13 78.24 75.38 69.84	64.21 65.92 63.59 67.43 60.84 62.94 62.87 59.56 64.90 59.64 60.82	50.47 52.04 57-52 52.26 54.29 54.78 57.00 50.90 43.43 48.81 53.38	84.23 41.95 43.54 38.64 40 89 29.80 49.99 35.57 39.97 40.89 33.75	29.55 22.98 26.63 27.74 33.47 34.60 26.39 9.56 32.90 30.00 24.91	47.91 53.84 50.33 51.81 48.66 49.79 53.15 49.03 51.47 52.22 51.07 46.99	73.53 77.35 74.30 75.78 76.37 74.70 76.73 72.31 71.25 73.30 69.04	49.64 53.80 54.88 52.78 52.01 49.17 56.62 48.68 49.43 49.78 49.32	27.90 25.67 22 88 26.95 29.61 24.25 26.69 13.46 80.77 26.33 21.19	49.74 52.59 50.60 51.8-3 51.66 49.48 53 30 45.S7 50.92 50.12 46.63
Mean ) my's.	22.80	24.68	37.82	51.06	62.70	71.89	76.49	74.47	63.90	52.26	39.02 27.16		50.53	74.12	51.73	24.3S	50.31
                 FORT ATKINSON, IOWA.
Latitude 43° 00', Longitude  92° 00'.  Altitude 700? feet.
1S42.... 1343.... 1844.... 1845.... 1846....	18.07 21.17 14.32 22.48 29.70	20.76 8.39 23.61 26.59 22 35	32.51 7.53 35.01 84.90 38.00	54.90 44.40 55.39 49.00 45.58	56.94 55.08 57.32 53.67 64.21	62.31 66.31 64.10 66.34	70.13 72.72 73.39 73.53	70.76 67.17 67.40 69.35	65.96 62.10 58.36 59.59	55.91 33.24 43.25 45.20	31.80 29.90 32.28 31.02	19.17 26.90 18.76 16.71	51.45 35.67 49.24 47.52 49.26	67.73 C8.73 68.30 69.74	51.22 43.44 44.61 45.27	19.33 18.82 18.89 21.93	47.4£ 41.6C 45.2< 46.11
Mean...	21.15	20.34	31.59	49.85	58.44	64.76	72.44	68.67	61.50	45.65	31.25	20.38	46.63	68.62	46.13	20.62	45.5(
              FORT DES MOINES, IOWA.
Latitude 41° 32', Longitude 93° 38'.  Altitude 780 feet.
1843.... 1844.... 1S45.... 1846....	21.08 28.96 32.25	33.97 32.08 23.90	38.88 40.20	59.24 52.30	59.33 59.11	64.88 67.99	76.46 76.52	71.61 71.86	59.36 62.98	43.50 45.86	34.93 35.70	31.50 26.90	52.48 50.54	70.98 72.12	46.97	27.32	49.44
Mean ..	27.43	29.98	39.54	55.77	59.22	66.43	76.49	71.73	61.17	44.68	35.31	29.20	51.51	71.55	47. C5	28.87	49.74
          FORT GAINES, (RIPLEY,) MINNESOTA.
Latitude 46° 19', Longitude 94° 19'.  Altitude 1130 feet.
1849.... 1850.... 1851.... 1852.... 1853.... 1854.... 1855...-	7.94 9.25 10.08 13.61 — 2.10* 8.42	13.03 14.46 17.53 7.11 10.88 8.22	20.27 81.82 21.21 22.46 27.26 23.69	32.54 89.82 36.55 43.85 45.58 46.16	50.99 48.44 55.96 52.02 52.11 57.69	63.76 60.04 63.05 62.92 64.01 62.90	67.68 66.21 68.00 65.70 68.93	64.28 67.84 61.61 66.58 66.34 61.78	56.83 54.60 60.03 53.43 56.53 58.59	43.05 42.85 43.86 45.01 41.45 48.27	87.26 30.50 24.33 22.56 24.20 23.52	4.94 6.03 7.41 9.87 15.74 18.19	34.60 39.86 37.90 39.44 41.65 42.51	65.94 65.87 64.98 64.91	45.71 42.65 42.57 40.33 40.73 45.46	8.99 10.37 12.83 12.15 S.99	88.05 39.11 39.32 40.25
Mean ) 6 y'rs J	7.87	11.87	24.37	40.75	52.87	62.78	67.80	64.74	56.67	44.00	28.06	10.28	39.83	64.94	42.91	10.01	39.80
♦2.10 degrees below zero. 
632
CONSOLIDATED  TABLES  AND  SUMMARIES.
             FORT SNELLING, MINNESOTA.
Latitude 44° 53',  Longitude  93° 10'.  Altitude 820 feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn	Winter.	Year.
819....					,					44.13	33.04	20.00					
820....	0.92	21.29	26.43	52.72	60.64	70.86	68.86	68.32	62.01		30.71	10.83	46.60	69.35		11.01	
1821....	7.88	14.51	29.04	40.63	57.08	74.27	72.26	75.06	59.00	48.72	30.74	10.58	42.25	73.86	46.15	10.82	48.27
1822....	11.68	19.92	87.89	43.75	61.28	70.19	75.47	72.77	60.53	42.56	80.53	3.26	47.47	72.81	44.57	11.62	44.12
1823....	18.16	5.95	29.87	49.26	56.94	73.96	75.85	72.00	56.03	47.12	81.75	13.56	45.36	78.94	44.97	10.89	43.79
1824....	17.17	14.20	23.86	41.78	56.29	66.03	73.03	70.50	61.03	41.92	29.96	22.23	40.31	69.85	44.30	17.87	48.08
1825....	14.84	26.25	36.29	55.19	60.90	70.67	75.54	73.01	62.87	45.98	33.94	14.36	50.79	73.07	47.60	18.48	47.48
L826....	13.09	16.15	29.60	87.68	66.76	72.05	73.85	70.24	55.32	49.13	85.29	19.15	44.68	72.05	46.58	16.13	44.86
1827....	17.26	24.86	31.74	44.76	62.93	71.95	74.06	70.85	61.02	49.26	31.99	13.01	46.48	72.12	47.42	18.88	46.10
1823....	10.42	16.80	32.24	45.04	60.28	71.82	76.40	74.46	53.83	50.12	35.18	24.87	45.85	74.23	48.04	17.36	46.87
1829....	15.97	7.51	29.87	43.03	68.17	73.63	73.57	71.34	57.77	50.46	27.14	25.08	43.69	72.33	45.12	16.19	45.71
1830....	14.18	23.60	34.00	51.77	59.70	70.31	81.66	73.21	53.70	54.74	42.79	15.64	48.49	75.06	52.08	17.81	48.86
1831....	8.84	14.04	32.28	45.18	61.11	70.06	73.81	71.51	54.78	48.28	81.16	3.28	46.17	71.79	44.74	8.72	42.85
1832....	17.16	6.46	38.05	53.97	55.89	66.94	78.72	67.61	60.50	50.67	33.54	25.77	49.80	69.42	48.24	16.46	45.85
1833....	21.19	20.93	34.09	51.76	61.09	67.97	75.17	70.75	62.61	41.43	37.11	31.37	48.98	71.26	47.05	24.50	47.95
1834....	5.63	31.16	32.32	51.67	61.76	67.18	77.75	73.32	56.69	45.82	40.02	21.84	48.58	72.75	47.51	19.54	47.09
1835....	23.49	9.2S	32.72	43.99	62.56	68.30	70.65	63.00	54.63	45.69	24.88	17.29	46.42	68.98	41.57	16.69	43.41
1836....	12.42	17.04	20.25	43.67	64.29	67.38	72.12	66.12	56.80	41.94	34.37	19.00	42.74	63.54	44.87	16.15	42.95
1337....	19.47	25.08	24.54	41.83	54.06	64.50	71.32	67.92	58.89	46.53	87.79	17.81	39.98	67.53	47.50	20.79	43.96
1S38....	9.74	4.45	37.44	41.78	53.07	70.43	75.64	72.67	61.12	42.72	20.53	11.36	44.10	72.91	41.46	8.52	41.75
1839....	22.49	24.80	29.63	57.28	57.18	67.13	73.89	71.14	56.84	54.40	80.14	22.05	48.03	70.72	46.96	23.11	47.20
1840....	12.43	21.85	34.81	47.50	63.83	69.60	70.47	65.93	56.88	40.92	29.47	24.14	4S.71	68.67	42.42	19.47	44.82
1841....	13.82	20.48	33.19	38.15	59.72	69.88	72.82	63.33	54.38	44.80	30.41	19.78	43.69	70.16	43.20	14.69	42.93
1342....	17.80	19.54	39.15	49.83	51.87	56.03	68.40	67.69	53.17	49.29	24.60	18.03	46.95	64.04	44.02	18.46	43.89
1843....	20.70	2.01	4.67	43.55	52.25	62.98	69.90	66.56	57.95	47.72	26.61	23.14	33.49	66.48	44.09	15.28	39.83
1844....	9.41	22.33	32.94	51.45	55.08	62.64	69.82	65.61	55.57	41.45	23.10	17.05	46.49	66.02	41.71	16.26	42.62
1845....	19.49	25.60	34.57	47.62	60.83	67.64	74.19	69.47	59.79	45.64	29.50	14.10	47.67	70.43	44.98	19.73	45.70
1846....	28.81	19.53	33.41	46.37	68.65	66.82	74.21	73.86	62.80	42.87	39.85	21.57	49.48	71.62	48.51	23.30	48.23
1847....	4.24	19.70	23.88	46.18	52.64	65.24	71.90	66.73	57.99	46.66	30.45	16.36	40.90	67.96	45.03	13.43	41.83
1848....	16.94	19.46	28.22	44.79	60.11	67.45	67.00	67.16	53.97	50.19	25.68	8.62	44.37	67.20	43.28	15.01	42.46
1849....	5.42	12.93	80.26	39.69	54.77	63.22	71.63	63.85	61.54	47.23	41.60	8.76	41.91	67.90	50.12	9.04	42.27
1850....	13.84	17.83	24.05	35.43	55.81	70.51	78.85	73.90	61.06	49.22	33.73	12.42	37.76	76.75	48.00	14.69	44.30
1851....	14.95	22.10	39.37	50.14	57.99	67.80	76.34	63.41	69.08	52.05	30.27	11.16	49.17	70.85	50.46	16.07	46.54
1352....	12.82	23.14	26.80	43.07	58.4S	70.06	73.68	71.57	54.20	53.13	25.73	11.67	42.78	71.77	44.35	15.88	43.69
1353....	14.03	6.69	23.00	44.97	54.97	67.83	70.60	71.27	60.04	45.60	29.60	18.23	40.93	69.90	45.08	12.98	46.74
1554....	1.80	15.40	80.74	48.54	57.82	70.01	75.04	71.12	61.66	52.10	32.80	20.65	45.70	72.00	48.69	12.45	44.72
1555....	17.09	12.62	25.30	49.86	61.29	66.15							45.43				
Mean 85, y'rs	113.76	17.57	31.41	46.34	5S.97	68.46	73.40	70.05	53.83	47.15	81.67	16.89	45.57	70.64	45.89	16.07	44.54
 
CONSOLIDATED  TABLES   AND   SUMMARIES.
633
             FORT LEAVENWORTH, KANSAS.
Latitude 39° 21', Longitude 94° 44'.  Altitude 896 feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Yoar.
1830....	34.18	40.58	48.52	58.87	64.18	74.34	80.71	73.97	67.21	62.51	46.84	26.71	57.19	7S.01	53.85	33.82	50.97
1S31....	19.51	24.40	46.41	55.14	64.14	70.24	76.60	71.06	62.18	53.51	40.94	18.21	55.23	72.63	52.21	20.71	50.19
1332....	36.85	18.56	46.34	59.43	61.31	72.44	76.53	73.03	68.02	56.49	41.30	35.25	55.71	74.00	55.17	30.22	54.77
1833....	35.66	35.72	40.92	59.12	67.11	71.73	79.08	77.16	6S.33	53.02	45.95	37.51	42.33	76.01	55.77	36.30	£2.61
1S34....	13.51	35.79	40.92	53.89	65.10	72.04	78.04	78.06	61.53	54.23	44.95	30.67	41.23	76.05	53.57	26.66	49.38
1S35....	29.50	19.37	40.98	51.46	67.01	78.35				52.65	32.93	31.94	53.15			26.94	
1836....	25.62	29.73	33.07	53.93	66.31	6S.68	73.94	70.85	64.08	46.63	39.29	27.54	51.12	71.16	50.00	24.30	49.14
1837....	26.34	34.42	36.57	47.21	59.27	71.23	81.46	75.71	64.90	55.76	49.79	36.94	47.68	76.13	56.82	32.57	53.30
1S38....	27.73	17.38	46.90	58.04	61.10	74.88	82.34	77.91	68.69	51.00	28.59	24.05	55.35	78.33	49.43	23.05	. 51.55
1S39....	33.84	36.36	43.22	64. C6	64.15	70.34	75.57	72.57	61.35	59.78	37.57	27.84	fl.U	72.83	52.90	33.35	54.05
1840....	22.80	34.61	42.92	55.79	63.11	70.91	72.35	72.22	60.68	53.72	38.93	33.15	53.94	71.83	51.11	30.19	51.77
1841....	27.73	27.80	42.00	51.47	63.55	72.21	77.60	70.51	59.15	50.54	39.37	31.08	52.34	73.44	49.69	28.87	51.08
1842....	34.93	35.59	53.42	60.56	62.97	67.48	72.89	71.15	66.64	58.02	32.52	25.67	58.98	70.51	52.06	32.03	53.41
1S43....	28.96	20.50	17.45	49.76	60.40	70.50	74.46	72.25	67.24	49.04	40.20	36.12	42.54	72.40	52.16	28.53	4S.91
1844....	25. S3	33.66	40.19	63.46	62.04	68.75	77.47	73.91	63.44	51.46	33.39	32.18	55.23	73.88	51.10	30.57	52.57
1315....	36. C5	37.52	44.44	59.55	63.29	70.27	78.70	75.62	69.53	52.96	41.14	26.66	55.76	74.86	54.54	33.61	54.69
1346....	3S.22	31.01	46.65	.54.92	66.80	68.87	77.85	77.06	69.04	54.36	45.00	33.08	56.12	74.59	56.13	34.10	55.86
1847....	IS.16	31.26	34.95	57.90	59.45	69.91	75.83	69.24	65.63	55.70	38.24	30.00	47.43	71.66	53.19	26.47	49.69
1848....	32.96	35.35	40.67	52.70	66.49	69.05	72.34	69.74					53.29	70.38			
1849....	18.25	24.78	45.65	53.00	63.45	73.32	74.57	73.32	69.27	52.84	50.31	26.6S	54.03	73.74	57.47	23.24	52.12
1850....	29.49	31.34	37.22	45.53	61.51	72.44	76.86	77.93	67.80	55.84	42.19	25.20	48.10	75.74	55.27	28.67	51.94
1851....	32.00	35.16	47.11	50.20	65.25	70.62	75.77	73.37	71.60	54.49	35.25	26.28	54.19	73.25	53.73	31.15	53.09
1852....	24.42	34.82	43.89	50.26	64.6S	69.96	74.79	73.42	63.42	58.38	33.51	25.77	52.94	72.72	51.77	2S.34	51.44
1853....	32.03	30.53	39.87	54.98	59.97	72.82	72.72	75.71	68.24	53.39	44.18	31.76	51.61	73.75	55.27	31.44	53.' 2
1854....	24.68	35.53	45.14	56.06	65.45	72.85	81.19	79.10	73.71	60 .-64	41.37	34.38	55.55	77.71	5S.57	31.53	55.34
1855....	28.13	33.23	52.26	60.24	64.61	69.78	77.12				......		59.04				
Mean 24j y'rs.	[28.00	31.15	42.22	55.47	63.64	71.31	76.67	74.16	66.16	54.46	40.36	29.77	53.78	74.05	53.66	29.64	52.78
               COUNCIL BLUFFS, NEBRASKA.
Latitude 41° 30', Longitude 95° 48'.   Altitude 1250 feet
1820....	8.83	29.33	34.12	58.01	62.72	74.12	75.44	75.08	68.01	46.21	32.87	18.41	51.62	74.83	49.03	IS.87	43.60
1821....	10.78	24.14	37.00	45.06	58.59	75.00	72.14	77.76	64.16	54.89	35.94	14.92	46.88	74.97	51.66	16.61	47.53
1822....	21.02	32.87	44.81	49.31	63.92	74.01	79.62	77.27	67.81	49.13	35.34	12-80	52.68	76.97	50.76	22.23	50.66
1823....	22.37	16.07	38.87	55.04	61.82	78.99	79.00	76.70	66.83	55.69	41.44	27.43	51.91	78.23	54.65	21.97	51.69
1824....	27.19	27.46	23.42	47.37	63.34	67.45	75.92	75.15	64.45	51.30	30.07	25.81	46.38	72. S4	46.61	26.82	4S.66
1S25....	20.42	32.91	40.34	59.45	66.9S	73.05	75.30	76.66	64.84	54.74	43.05	24.17	55.59	75.00	54.04	25.83	52.61
1843*...	24.90	13.78	12.86	43.63	53.22	63.25	73.77	69.46	63.80				39.90	70.49			
Mean ) 7 y'rs. J	19.36	25.23	33.77	51.84	62.23	72.93	75.83	75.44	65.63	52.00	86.45	20.60	49.23	74.76	51.36	21.73	49.28
* The observations in 1843 were at Fort Croghan, Iowa, twenty miles south of Council Bluffs.
83 
634
CONSOLIDATED  TABLES   AND   SUMMARIES.
               FORT KEARNY, NEBRASKA.
Latitude 40° 38', Longitude  98° 57'.  Altitude 2360 feet.
               FORT LARAMIE, NEBRASKA.
Latitude 42° 12', Longitude 104° 47'.   Altitude 4519 feet.
          FORT ARBUCKLE, INDIAN TERRITORY.
Latitude 34° 27', Longitude 97° 09'.   Altitude 1000? /ee*.
                FORT BELKNAP, TEXAS.
Latitude 33° 08', Longitude 98° 48'.  Altitude 1600? /erf.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	Augut>t.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec. 17.89 19.15 19.69 15.07 29.26 30.15	Spring. 47.00 43.52 45.57 46.22 49.10 49.38	Summer. 69.27 72.05 71.33 70.SI 71.64 73.39	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1849.... 1850.... 1S51.... 1852.... 1854.... 1855....	7.10 22.92 27.00 28 07 26.08 18.26 23.55	15.77 27.28 28.11 30.93 24.61 80.37 25.69	85.80 31.74 33.84 36.50 36.76 32.86	46.92 39.94 45.53 43.80 48.56 51.22 54.39	53.24 58.90 60.63 60.09 53.59 59.31 60.89	67.95 68.20 67.00 67.80 70.26 68.92 69.44	70.95 74.95 76.17 72.62 71.52 75.16	68.92 73.00 70.82 72.01 73.15 76.10	65.23 63.85 69.58 58.77 63.00 66.10	46.74 41.98 50.45 53.35 48.94 55.91	40.94 35.31 30.38 26.17 34.16 37.44				50.97 47.04 50.14 46.10 4S.70 53.15	13.59 23.11 24.93 28.02 26.65 26.26	45.20 46.43 46.88 48.30 50.47
Mean ) 6i y'rs |	21.14	26.11	84.50	47.13	58.81	68.51	73.56	72.83	64.42	49.56	34.07	21.87	46.81	71.47	49.35	23.04	47 67
1849....									61.98	43.50	37.28	23.92			47.59		
1350....	27.35	30.27	85.50	43.25	56.04	66.91	72.87	73.51	67.13	54.58	85.05	26.62	44.93	71.10	52.25	30.08	49.59
1351....	35.57	31.21	41.00	47.45	55.15	67.21	77.38	72.69	69.32	51.56	33.24	24.74	47.86	72.43	51.37	30.50	50.54
1852....	80.68	33.02	80.00	42.80	57.lt	67.18	75.05	73.10	58.77	49.56	25.23	19.92	43.80	71.78	44.52	27.37	46.87
1853....	84.11	29.71	36.92	43.57	51.62	65.59	72.97	73.14	61.11	49.67	41.73	33.72	45.70	70.57	50.84	82.51	49.90
1854....	22.60	36.40	41.06	50.62	56.92	67.73	75.24	76.46	66.95	56.59	42.44	88.94	49.53	73.14	55.83	32.65	52.66
1855....	85.85	29.01	86.41	52.94	59.82	69.44							49.72				
Mean 1 6 y'rs. f	81.08	82.60	36.81	47.60	56.11	67.34	74.70	73.78	64.21	50.91	35.83	27.98	46.84	71.94	50.82	81.14	50.06
1850....		......	......							60.68	52.92	34.15					
1851....	39.28	43.11	54.62	56.96	69.11	78.03	81.83	84.55	77.13	62.80	45.56	39.47	60.23	81.47	61.83	40.62	61.04
1852....	86.77	47.07	53.76	59.77	70.25	73.71	73.26	78.04	69.05	63.11	45.10	38.82	61.26	76.67	59.09	40.89	59.48
1853....	41.33	40.68	51.24	64.26	66.25	77.35	79.50	81.81	74.51	60.77	52.91	42.44	60.58	79.55	62.78	41.48	61.08
1854....	36.16	47.75	57.39	60.82	68.64	74.96	83.29	83.95	77.28	66.35	49.91	42.90	62.28	80.73	64.51	41.94	62.37
1355....	41.94	39.86	49.09	67.43	75.39	77.61	S5.67						67.30				
Mean ..	39.10	43.69	53.22	61.85	69.93	72.33	81.71	82.09	74.49	62.74	49.28	39.56	61.67	78.71	62.17	40.78	60.83
' 1351....							88.31	84.70	79.93	66.20	46.64	41.93			64.26		
1352....	89.40	49.77	56.26	60.08	71.15	75.83	80.58	79.95	71.48	66.15	49.55	44.11	62.49	78.80	12.39	44.43	62.08
1353....	44.S6	43.2S	51.51	67.31	63.41	73.12	81.72	84.59	79.29	65.29	55.45	46.07	63.41	81.48	66.66	44.74	64.08
1354....	41.01	52.38	63 15	65 77	71.66	78.79	83.86	80.75	78.71	69.62	53.59	46.58	66.16	81.13	67.81	46.62	65.48
1355....	45.92	44.49	53.C9	70.00	76.80	79.12							66.83				
M.aii ..	12.80	«.«7	56.90	65.79	72.00	77.98	82.87	82.50	77.33	66.81	51.81	44.66	i 64.90	80.95	65.15	1 44.9i	63.99
 
CONSOLIDATED  TABLES   AND  SUMMARIES.
635
                 FORT WORTH, TEXAS.
Latitude 32° 40', Longitude 97° 25'.   Altitude 1100? feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1849....											59.46	44.24					
1850....	49.96	50.61	55.63	61.96	67.98	77.63	81.76	85.70	79.69	66.82	53.67	38.87	61.82	81.69	66.06	46.48	64.01
1851....	45.78	46.71	56.64	61.10	72.70	79.29	82.23	S4.55	78.66	66.23	48.80	44.12	63.48	82.02	64.56	45.33	63.90
1852....	40.83	51.42	58.49	61.49	73.79	76.83	81.73	79.62	71.27	65.61	51.52	46.30	64.59	79.39	62.80	46.20	63.23
1853....	45.70	46.39	54.44	65.71	67.47	76.02	73.24	81.61					62.54	78.62			
Mean ..	43.58	48.78	56.30	62.56	70.48	77.44	30.99	82.87	76.54	66.22	53.36	43.88	63.11	80.43	65.87	45.25	63.54
     PHANTOM HILL, CLEAR FORK OF BRAZOS, TEXAS.
Latitude 32° 30', Longitude 99° 45'.   Altitude 2300 ? feet.
              FORT CHADBOURNE, TEXAS.
Latitude 31° 38', Longitude 100° 40'.   Altitude 2120 feet.
                FORT GRAHAM, TEXAS.
Latitude 31° 56', Longitude 97° 26'.   Altitude 900? feet.
                  FORT GATES, TEXAS.
Latitude 31° 26', Longitude  97° 49'.  Altitude  1000 ? feet.
1851....												46.09					
1852....	42.33	51.10	56.50	63.68	74.74	75.96	80.47	79.70	72.04	64.16	50.28	46.10	64.97	78.71	62.16	44.88	62.67
1853....	45.98	46.39	55.46	69.11	69.12	76.97	81.00	83.29	76.82	63.02	56.24	46.60	64.56	80.42	65.36	46.32	64.16
1854....	40.44	50.43	62.11														
Mean...	42.92	49.31	58.02	66.39	71.93	76.46	60.73	81.49	74.43	63.59	53.26	46.26	65.45	79.56	63.76	46.16	63.7 2
1852....					67.81	73.57	79.15	77.91	69.44	63.07	50.29	47.64		76.87	60.93		
1853....	45.25	47.44	53.7S	64.88	65.32	70.52	75.92	75.08	70.49	54.71?	54.24	46.61	61.33	73.84	59.81	46.43	60.35
1854....	38.73	46.94	63.58	63.17	70.08	74.00	78.54	82.94	76.01	69.57	55.13	45.72	65.61	78.49	66.90	43. SO	63.7(
1855....	48.89	45.87	56.68 53.01	68.51	74.84	77.06			71.93								
Mean ..	44.29	46.75		65.52	69.51	73.79	77.87	78.64		62.45	53.22	46.62	64.85	76.77	62.55	45.87	62.3!
1S50....			57.84	62.23	68.45	78.84	83.90	85.07	78.43	66.62	55.94	40.35	62.84	82.60	66.99		
1851....	43.27	49.92	58.38	62.69	74.92	81.45	84.90	87.20	80.15	68.37	53.89	4S.26	65.33	84.51	67.47	4S.82	66.53
1852....	44.01	55.02	58.93	64.29	74.97	77.76	84.39	82.01	73.80	67.93	56.65	50. S4	66.08	81.39	66.13	49.96	65.89
	51.53	51.49	57.16	67.00	72.02	79.75	79.35	84.53					65.06	81.21			
Mean...	47.95	51. SI	58.09	64.31	72.59	79.45	83.13	84.70	77.46	67.64	55.49	46.48	64.99	82.43	66.86	48.75	65.76
1849....		!								67.25	65.37	49.59					
1850....	56.21	54.85	59.97	64.59	68.58	76.28	80.80	82.51	78.26	68.51	54.72	40.17	64.03	79.86	67.16	50.24	65.32
1351....	47.84 52.02	47.45 50.90	58.89	62.75 •	74.49	81.59	85.04	87.68	80.10	66.00	50.82	47.66	65.21	84.77	65.64	47.65	65.82
Mean....			59.IS	63.67	71.53	78.93	82.92	85.09	79.18	67.25	56.97	45.81	64.79	82.31	67.80	49.58	66.12
 
636                     CONSOLIDATED   TABLES   AND  SUMMARIES.
                    FORT CROGHAN, TEXAS.

Latitude 30°  40', Longitude 98° 31'.    Altitude 1000? feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1849....' ...... 1850.... 54.14 1651.... 51 20 1352___ 42.89 1853....' 48.95 1		53.66 52.34 55.03 47.82	62.33 60.01 62.13 57.06	63.73 63.72 66.67 68.50	63.55 75.52 75.70 71.40	73.75 74.35 81.70 78.56 78.35	80.90 79.62 83.42 81.31 80.03	81.19 83.46 86.65 S2.27 79.22	76.57 30.50 78.38 74.66	65.57 70.58 64.90 6S.14	60.27 56.94 50.22 56.98	44.56 43.41 47.18 52.44	63.20 66.42 68.16 62.32 65.86	80.28 79.14 83.92 80.71 79.20	67.47 69.34 64.50 66.59	50.40 50.22 50.12	65.52 66.s; 66.40
Mean .. 49.29 1		52.21	60.38	65.65	71.54	78.34	81.06	82.56	77.53	67.30	56.10	46.88		80.65	66.98	49.46	65.74
FORTS MARTIN SCOTT, MASON, TERRETT, AND McKAVETT,  TEXAS.
1849.... 1S50.... '^51 ... 1352....	54.15 42.95 41.44	52.39 47.76 57.20	57.10 54.10 61.63	62.87 62.08	65.92 71.09	73.45 77.51	75.67 78.84	74.79 78.86 80.76	70.57 73.55 74.74	60.05 62.05 64.02	55.66 51.47 50.10	39.18 47.01	61.96 62.42 i	75.99 79.04	62.09 62.35 62.95	48.57 45.91	62.2 62.56
Mean Ft. M. S M. 1852 M. 1853 T. 1S52 T. 1853 Mc. 1S52 Mc. 1S53 Mc. 1S54 Mc. 1855	\ 46.18 46.57 44.43 44.62 42.89 46.74	52.45 47.45 45.98 44.58 51.52 44.51	57.61 56.84 56.91 56.02 62.50 53.66	62.47 72.42 69.35 65.25 67.45 67.16 66.75 64.04 67.05	63.50 77.68 71.30 75.85 69.80 76.13 63.5S 70.33 73.61	75.48 75.74 76.96 77.96 73.97 75.72 73.36 76.80 73.84	77.20 77.62 79.53 80.04 76.37 79.07 77.56 78.74	73.14 80.70 80.60 80.53 77.10 79.66 7S.76 80.10	72.95 73.15 70.69 73.19 73.52 71.19 75.57	63.04 68.27 65.57 66.51 63.66 64.29 67.50	52.41 54.32 58.16 53.90 58.57 53.09 54.19	43.09 49.37 48.59 50.59 47.82 43.66	62.86 65.83 64.72 63.78 65.62 64.77	76.94 73.02 79.03 79.51 75.81 78.15 76.56 78.55	62.80 65.25 66.81 64.53 65.25 62.86 65.75	47.24 47.00 46.02	62.4f 63.20 63.08
Mean Ft.McK.	j-44.75	46. S7	57.39	66.25	72.16	74.93	78.46	79.51	73.33	65.89	53.64	45.74	65.27	77.63	64.30	45.79	63.25
   Fort Martin Scott—Latitude 80° 10', longitude 99° 05'; altitude 1300 feet. Furt Ma son—Latitude 30° 48', longitude 99° 15'; altitude 1200? feet. Fort Terrett—
Latitude 30° 23', longitude 100° 16'; altitude 1320 feet. Fort McKavett—Latitude 30° 55', longitude 100° 05'; altitude 2060 feet.
                    SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.
Latitude 29°  25', Longitude 98°  25'.   Altitude 600 feet.
1S49....! ...... 1850.... 57.23 1 1851___| 54.51 1852.... 47.98	56.73 53.66 62.19	62.53 60.83 66.22	69.35 66.06 72.90	72.55 74.76 81.88	80.61 73.88 82.07	80.48 84.75 79.16 83.74	79.34 85.88 83.96 86.41	78.94 83.06 77.85 79.29	71.90 73.27 71 00 72.54	65.59 63.63 56.28	53.66 47.67 51.51	...... ...... 1 72.14 74.67 83.74 73.32 67.22 '. 80.67 68.38 1 73.66 84.07 ! .....	53.91 53.32	71.41 67.37
Mean... 58.26	57.54	63.19	69.44	76.40	80.52	82.03	83.92	79.78	72.18	61.83	50.95	: 69.68 82.16 71.26	58.92	69.25
 
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES   AND   SUMMARIES.
637
                     FORT MERRILL,  TEXAS.
Latitude  28° 17', Longitude 98° 00'.   Altitude 150? feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.		Autumn	Winter.	Year.
1851.... 1852.... 1S53.... 1854.... 1855....	55.14 54.51	59.56 54.65	75.50 61.82	69.57 72 46 76.54 74.50	77.34 79.67 80.78 81.13	82.80 80.80 34.82 80.11	81.82 81.85 85.91	84.95 83.96 84.39	78.70 79.96 81.09	72.00 75.18 75.00	59.64 66.26 61.76	59.50 58.66 52.17	77.59 72.48	83 85	02 04	70.11 73.80 72.62	55.66	72.73
																		
Mean...	54.82	57.20	68.66 73.27		79.72	81.88	83.19	84.43	79.92	74.06	62.55	56.78	73. S8	83.17		72.18	56.27	71-37
                       FORT EWELL,  TEXAS.
Latitude  28° 05', Longitude 98°  57'.    Altitude  200 ? feet.
1352....									79.54	73.38	65.13	58.71			72.68		
1853....	55.37	57.10	63.87	75.61	79.38	83.80	86.52	84.47	80.79	71.49	64.41	55.08	72.95	84.93	72.23	55.85	71.49
1854....	50.47	58.12	70.84	72.50	77.45	81.61	82.22	83.22	81.88				73.43	82.35			
Mean ..	52.92	57.61	67.00	74.05	78.41	82.70	84.87	83.84	80.57	72.43	64.77	56. S9	73.15	83.64	72.59	55.81	71.80
                   CORPUS CHRISTI, TEXAS.
Latitude  27° 47', Longitude 97° 27'.   Altitude 20 feet.
1845.... 1846.... 1849.... 1851.... 1354....	53.30	56.93	63.21 69.9S	63.50 71.23	77.29 79.86 76.61	80.10 82.62 83.27	82.22 81.25 82.96 83.40	82.04 81.11 84.74 84.61	81.15 81.01 80.38 81.62	73.69 74.36 72.12	62.22 72.24 60.21	51.92 62.21 56.50	69.66 73.69	81.45 83.44 83.43	75.87 71.23 .....<		
Mean ..	56.30	56.93	66.59	69.86	77.89	82.00	82.46	83.12	81.04	73.39	64.89	56.88	71.45	S2.53	78.11	56.72	70.95
      The observations in 1849 were at Point Isabel, south of Corpus Christi.
            FORT BROWN, TEXAS,  (MATAMOROS.)
Latitude  25° 54', Longitude 97° 26'.   Altitude  50  feet.
1346....
1847....
1843....
1849....
1850....
1351....
1352....
1S53....
1854....
1S55....

Mean  )
7y'rs. j
58.51	64.14	67.66
65.43	66.17	69.61
62.49	66.03	70.61
60.54	65.21	66.69
56.35	59.34	69.94
59.34	62.45	71.87
60.23	61.60	66.24
60.41	63.63	63.95
77.29 |  82.38
72.03 \  81.22
73.24   74.31
75.18   81.60
78.73   78.97
73.90   81.00
74.93   81.77
75.05 ,  80.18
84.79
80.43
83.11

82.06
83.67
81.05
82.52
84.87
82.41
84.45
84.06
84.24
78.97
84.74
79.83

78.91
81.06
76.32

71.01
76.26
73.23

71.11
76.44
74.
75.36
70.25

68.97
67.26
61 89

69.37
70. C5
69.06
72.81
61.37

62.22
58.22
57.94

62.26
60.73
62.22
75.78
74.29

73.32
74.49

75.88
75.59
73.25
74.73
84.93
83.32
83.45
83.09
83.24
83.58
75.S2

72.93
76.08
72.05

73.13
75.95
74.62
61.34
62.24
61.23
59.48
60.91
74.47
73.49
72.95
72.89
73.92
62.09
73.75-
   NOTE
the river.
—The observations are reported as from Matamoros for most of the period previous to 1S49, though generally taken at positions on (he north; side off
          84 
638
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES  AND  SUMMARIES.
                RINGGOLD BARRACKS, TEXAS.
Latitude  26° 23', Longitude  99° 02'.    Altitude  200? feet.
              FORT McINTOSH, LAREDO, TEXAS.
Latitude 27° 31', Longitude  99°  21'.   Altitude 400 ? feet.
            FORT  DUNCAN, EAGLE PASS, TEXAS.
Latitude 28°  42', Longitude 100° 30'.   Altitude 800 ? feet.
                    FORT INGE, TEXAS.
Latitude 29°  09', Longitude 99° 07'.  Altitude 845 /ee£.
54.91

44.59
48.87
47.24
52.21
Mean J. 49.46
•6y
55. S7	61.86	63.11	70.98	78.42	81.87
57.11	62.18	67.25	7S.90	81.3S	81.70
60.82	62.96	68.84	76.95	77.45	79.77
52.38	60.00	70.3S	75.12	77.84	81.27
56.04	67.54	64.06	74.89	81.91	83.03
50.63	61.22	74.43			
55.39	62.63	6S.02	75.37	79.40	81.53
83.60
83.13
81.69
80.68
83.95


82.61
78.45	66.20
81.91	68.02
78.40	63.00
75.30	68.82
77.53	66.76
80.71	73.95
73.72	68.54
60.22
61.14
55.00
57.57
60.75
60.29
52.81
45.81
53.04
52.79
54.00
50.34
59.16  51.46
64.98
69.44
69.58
68.50
68.83
61.26
82.07
79.63
79.93
82.96
61.13
70.39
67.13
67.06
68.35
71.65
63.81
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1849....										72.97	69.85	61.09					
1850	65.43	65.57	70.95	76.92	76 97	S5.17	8S.94	89.06	83. OS	77.08	66.60	55.65	74.64	87.72	75.58	62.23	75.54
1S51....	59.68	63.04	72.50	77.55	83.80	80.39	84.33	87.07	80.5S	75.01	63.19	59.86	77.62	S5.93	78.59	60.69	75.71
1352....	52.77	69.34	73.50	77.67	83.41	83.60	35.69	S7.00	S1.6S	75.47	68.97	62.92	78.19	85.43	75.37	61.84	75.21
	57.32	60.59	67.43	77.59	82. 7	83.80	87.32	84.50	80.02	73.28	69.34	61.03	75.86	85.21	74.41	59.65	73.73
1854....	55.72	62.38	74.10	76.39	81.74	84.30	82.65	83.01	81.31	75.93	65.42	56.44	77.41	83.32	74.24	58.18	73.29
1655....	59.-38	59.03	65.54	76.21	83.51		82.15					59.41	75.09				
Mean \ 6 y'rs. )	58.39	63.41	70.67	77.05	82.00	84.65	85.18	86.13	81.45	74.96	67.23		76.57	85.32	74.54	60.40	74.21
1849....							66.38	84.60	80.76	71.19	66.11	56.65			72.68		
1850	60.78	61.65	68.62	74.04	76.42	62.23	66.09	90.12	86.64	75.73	62.85	50.80	73.02	66.63	75.07	57.47	73.06
1851....	67.67	61.17	67.92	74. SI	82.92	86.02	86.41	90.32	62.46	73.24	60.25	55.14	75.22	87.58	71.98	57.99	73.19
1852....	50.59	17.72	71.54	77.58	84.52	84.07	87.36	89.61	82.16	75.15	66.62	59.58	77.88	87.21	74.64	59.29	74.76
1853....	55.18	56.97	66.36	73.24	81.73	84.26	87.71	65.72	82.39	72.92	67.98	57.71	75.44	85.90	.74.43	56.62	73.10
1S54....	53.02	60.02	74.23	77.19	81.41	63.69	84.06	84.50	81.16	77.19	64.83	53.80	77.61	84.08	74.23	55.61	72.8S
1855....	56.63	57.30	65.29	78.08	84.20	82.78							75.86				
Mean ^ 6y'rs. )	55.64	60.84	68.99	76.66	81.87	S3.93	86.33	87.48	82.59	74.24	64.69	55.61	75.84	85.91	73.84	57.36	73.24
1849....		%								68.55	62.71	53.39					
1650....	58.63	58.74	66.19	69.97	75.44	S0.7S	83.44	S6.49	84.3S	74.70	63.49	50.22	70.46	83.57	74.19	55.86	71.02
1851....	55.58	57. S8	65.01	74.15	61.88	85.39	86.07	88.23	83.76	74.62	62.15	53.57	78.49	86.57	73.51	55.63	72.31
1S52....	47.96	68.08	66.62	74.42	S2.76	84.80	85.67	88.17	80.71	72.61	58.80	54.45	77.80	86.21	70.71	55.81	72.63
1853....	49.47	52.95	62.65	74.67	79.86	81.20	84.65	81.79	80.67	69.64	02.98	51.80	72.46	82.55	71.10	51.41	69.38
1854....	50.25	58.20	68.67	72.18	7S.92	81.87	83.52	84.9S	81.74	75.75	61.02	50.14	73.26	83.46	72.84	52.86	70.60
1S55....	50.51	53.25	61.24	75.26	80.00								72.17				
Mean j 6 y'rs. f	52.07	57.34	65.10	73.44	79.72	82.81	84.67	85.96	82.25	72.64	61.86	52.34	72.75	84.48	72.25	53.92	70.85
 
CONSOLIDATED  TABLES   AND  SUMMARIES.                   639
                  FORT LINCOLN, TEXAS.
Latitude 29° 22', Longitude 99° 33'.   Altitude 900? feet.
i Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.! Year. 1	
1848.... ...... 1850.... 57.00 1851.... ...... 1S52....1 46.53 !	56.53 61.52	62.32 64.32	64.39 69.23	68.85 77.60	76.77 79.88	81.47 81.98 83.37	80.61 82.52 84.43	78.03 81.65 79.61	65.93 77.15 66.92	55.64	53.67 53.92	65.19 90.33	80.25	67.39		
Mean ..' 51.74 i ■	59.02	63.32	66.31	73.22	7S.32	82.27	82.52	79.76	70.00	55.64	53.79 ; 67.78 1		81.04	68.47 54.85		63.03
                     FORT CLARK, TEXAS.
Latitude 29°  17',  Longitude 100° 25'.   Altitude 1000 ? feet.
1S52.... 1853.... 1S51-... 1356....	43.16 4S.41 44.06 •	50.77 -55.01 42.36	56.89 66.37 61.11	70.09 63.72 71.72	73.85 75.00 78.13	77.18 79.81 80.45	79.96 81.97	80.51 78.74 83.93	74.80 76.45 80.45	68.46 66.22 73.32	58.38 62.23 60.32	£3.21 52.92 51.70	66.94 70.03 70.35	78.63 81.90	67.IS 68.30 71.36	50.95 51.71	. 66.20 63.71
Mean 1 3 j'rs. (	47.21	49.38	61.46	70.18	75.66	79.15	80.96	81.06	77.23	69.33	60.31	52.61 1	69.10	80.39	68.96	49.73	6T..4
               FORT FILLMORE, NEW MEXICO.
Latitude 32° 13', Longitude 106° 42'.   Altitude 3937 feet.
1851....| ...... 1852..... 39.69 1S53.... 41.71 1854....' 43.62 1855....' 47.83	49.73 44.98 50.41 50.62	48.43 52.66 59.71 61.03	56.53 65.54 66.10 69.39	68.67 72.50 63.59 75.51	78.05 81.84 80.61 83.19	79.59 85.36 85.12	76.42 81.39 81.24	79.60 74.27 77.53 77.43	63.18 59.03 65.00 70.37	48.17 46.00 57.43 53.23	44.14 44.11 50.82 46.73	57.87 63.53 64.80 63.64	78.01 82.86 82.32	63.98 59.77 66.67 67.00	44.51 45.84 48.59	60.04 64.72 65.C3
Mean... 44.47	48.93	55.46	64.39	71.32	80.92	83.36	79.68	77.21	64.39	51.22	46.45	63.72	81. S2	64.27	46.62	63.08
                   FORT WEBSTER, NEW MEXICO.
Latitude 32° 47' 53",  Longitude 108° 04' 39".   Altitude  6350 feet.
1S52.... ...... 1853.... I 40.59 T. 1854^ 41.81 T. 1855.; 39.44	40.31 40.64 40.57 47.65	44.54 47.87 50.73 54.86	49.02 57.18 60.42 65.01	57.12 61.75 67.06 71.81	68.97 71.25 72.37	73.53 76.76 73.27	67.70 72.08 73.92	61.48 64.68 69.95	52.11 55.59 60.13	38.11 49.12 44.30	40.63* 45.02 41.05	50.23 55.61 59.40 63.89 52.90	70.07 73.36 74.85	50.57 56.40 58.13	42.08 41.14	56. «i 5S.38
Mean ..! 40.59	40.47	46.21	53.08	59.43	70.11	75.14	69.89	63.08	53.75	43.61	42.82		71.71	53.4S	41.29	54.84
   The observations in continuation of this record for 1854 and 1855 were at Fort Thorn, latitude 32° 38', longitude 107° 10'; altitude 4500 feet. They are not
included in the mean. 
640
CONSOLIDATED  TABLES  AND  SUMMARIES.
               FORT CONRAD, NEW MEXICO.
Latitude 33° 34', Longitude 107° 09'.   Altitude 4576/ee..
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1S51....										60.92	41.26	86.65					
1852....	32.27	45.11	53.31	58.05	66.65	73.06	78.86	78.15	86.62	56.45	42.87	40.18	59.67	76.52	61.93	89.52	59.42
1853....	33.08	39.7S	50.58	63.68	66.76	75.35	79.76	75.92	71.36	57.29	46.66	38.37	60.82	77.01	5S.44	88.94	53.68
1854....	36. S2	41.03	50.08	60.73	63.56	75.51	82.14	7S.85	72.80	64.90	47.52	38.90	53.14	73.83	61.74	83.93	59.41
1855....	40.54	46.04	55.19	63.67									......				
Mean ..	37.13	43.00	52.23	61.54	65.66	74.64	80.09	77.64	76.93	59.89	45.58	83.52	59.83	77.46	60.80	89.53	59.40
 From April, 1854, the observations were at Fort Craig, eight miles south of Fort Conrad.
               ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO.
Latitude 35° 06', Longitude 106° 38'.   Altitude 5032 feet.
1349.... 1S50.... 1S51.... 185.'.... 1853.... 1S54.... 1855....	85.20 40.50 80.70 36.07 41.97 40.25 36.46 40.70 84.57 40.61	46.20 47.26 46.42 49.85 50.45	50.20 53.01 59.24 59.02 59.69	61.02 61.80 65.10 62.47 67.30	70.76 70.19 73.43 73.83	75.90 75,72 78.58 78.87	74.44 76.89	69.09 68.07 70.86 69.42	56.95 55.52 58.80 62.64	48.82 40.81 42.92 47.88 40.66	38.22 25.96 38.43 41.09 86.48	52.47 54.02 56.92 56.95 59.15	73.70 76.86	53.12 54.80 59.18 57.57	33.89 41.00 47.88	53.57 59.69
Mean ..	35.78 39.63	47.94	56.23	63.54	72.05	77.27	75.41	69.38	53.48	44.12	36.04	55.90	74.91	57.83	37.15	56.32
         CEBOLLETA AND LAGUNA, NEW MEXICO.
Latitude 35° 03', Longitude 107° 14'.   Altitude  6000 feet.
1849.... ......											35.43					
1850.... 34.80	40.08	45.25	49.82	59.05	68.65	76.33	76.90	70.31	59.06	41.03	25.54	51.37	74.03	56.80	33.47	53.92
1651.... 81.00	31.77	43.76	52.90	64.25	76.19	78.56	74.41	C6.60	57.43	46.88	40.10	58.64	76.83	54.83	84.29	54.78
S52.... 83 91	46.24			......												
Mean .. 34.90	39.36	44.50	51.36	61.65	72.52	77.44	75.65	68.45	58.24	43.70	33.69	52.50	75.20.	56.80	35.98	55.12
The position here given is that of Laguna.  t;\,„ih ta is twenty miles northward, and a little more elevated. The record was at this last place until October, 1851.
                                         SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO.
                       Lcditude 35° 41', Longitude 106° 02'.   Altitude 6846 feet.
1S49...	. 32.87	35.14	43.IS	52.96	54.70	71.83		70.22	64.37	48.90	39.59	33.46	50.23		50.95	83.82	
1350...	. 30.25	31.91	40.94	50.72			76.20	75.25		55.75		23.25					
1851...	. 34.01	34.15		49.40	59.02	69.43	72.90										
1-52..									59.56	47.87	34.39	29.62			47.27		
1S53...	. 31.16	28.00	87.86	53.92	60.34	66.40	69.37	66.71	62.74	48.il	40.30	81.39	50.71	67.49	50.44	30.18	49.70
1S54...	. 28.51	34.07	41.46	49.80	54.13	68.18	71.80	67.73	61.04	£5.56	40.00	83.32	45.43	69.24	52.20	31.97	50.47
1855...	. 31.33	36.26	40.09	50.59													
Mean. .	31.45	33.25	40.71	51.25	57.06	68.84	72.57	69.98	61.93	51.27	38.57	80.21	49.68	70.46	50.59	81.64	50.59
 
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES   AND  SUMMARIES,
641
                  LAS VEGAS, NEW MEXICO.
Latitude 35° 35', Longitude 105° 16'.   Altitude 6418 feet.
                 FORT UNION, NEW MEXICO.
Latitude 35° 54', Longitude 104° 57'.   Altitude 6670 feet.
	Jan.		M-irch.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	1 Dec. j	Spring. 46.42	Summer	Autumn	Winter.	Year.
1850___	33.15	34.30	41.28	46.20	51.77	64. :S	67.93	73.01	66.47	43.83	32.98	21.73		68.37	49.44	31.39	48.90
1851....	23.57	2S.10	33.19	47.98	61.06	71.40	74.90					......	47.39				
:s5i —								61.49	51.70	46.62	35.91	31.71			46.74		
1352....	29.69	35.94	40.88	50.34	57.05	60.79	07.46	64.60	56.44	47.91	34.27	35,05	49.42	64.28	46.21	-33.50	4S.37
1853....	33.80	31.11	39.78	52.21	56.69	64.52	64.84	64.29	58.38	46.37	42.56	34.12	49.56	64.55	49.10	33.01	49.06
1S54....	32.32	86.02	40.91	48.01	54.18 57.3 *	68.18	71. SO	67.73	61.04	55.56	40.00	33.32	48.48	69.24	52.20	31.97	50.47
1355....	35.93	34.95	39.84	50.73		65.83							j 49.80				
Mean...	33.08	S3.40	39.31	49.24	56.35		69.39	66.83	5S.S0	49.07	37.14	31.19	43.30	67.35	43.34	82.50	49.14
The position and exposure of these posts is such as to permit combination of the records in one mean result. The change to Fort Union was made in August, 1351.
                                  FORT MASSACHUSETTS, NEW MEXICO.
                      Latitude 37° 32',  Longitude 105° 23'.  Altitude  83G5 feet.
1352....									48.67	40.12	24.39	19.15			37.73		....
1853....	20.30	18.34	31.23	45.23	47.73	58.91	62.89	61.58	53.67			......	41.41	61.13			
1854....		......			49.41	57.50	64 07	62.84	52.74	45.94	29.77	21.43 .		61.47	42.82		
	19.09	25. C4		44.41	51.19												
Mean...	19.69	1 22.24	31.2S	44.32	49.44	53.20	63.48	62.21	51.62	43.03	27.08	20.29	41.84	61.29	40.53	20.74	4" .11
               FORT DEFIANCE, NEW MEXICO.
Latitude 35° 44', Longitude 109° 15'.  Altitude 7200 ? feet.
1851.
-,852.
J553.
1354.
1855.
.! 29.47
J 24.35
.  24.72
26.18
28.06
30 65
33.62
30.78
									27.72					
		52.72	64.75	08.16	66.96	50.07	45.63	32.45	2S.70		66.62	42.72		
37.57	48.15	51.63	64.SG	70.52	69.00	61.39	44.21	36.43	23.65	45.78	63.13	47.34	28.73	47.50
37.04	46.54	51.08	62.40	70.95	64.94	57.11	4^.89	33.09	32.03	44.89	66.10	4S.03	29.01	47.01
40.28	45.06	49.16								44.83				
33.30	46.58	50.99	64.00	69.88	66.98	56.19	46.24	35.66	29.27	45.29	67.61	46.03	28.74	40.92
                FORT YUMA, CALIFORNIA,
Latitude 32° 43', Longitude 114° 36'.  Altitude 120 feet.
1350.... 1S51.... 1852.... 1353.... 1854.... 1S55....	54.40 59.32 54.17 57.92	53.16 53.60 59.18 61.20	02.64 67.61 64.50 09.73	12.95 73.22 74.71 72.96	77.66 74.12 73.41 70.73	87.00 89.49 £5.40 87.29	83.65 94.12 94.05	88.10 92.10 90.62	83.55 ;.'.33 85.43	72.90 79.44 77.25	61.46 65.74 66.04	51.70 55.47 57.10 59.47	72. S3 71.11 73.70	37.02 91.92 90.02	72.64 78.17 76.26	53.34 57.61 ____ 56. SO	73.75
							92.27	90.29	86.12	76.58	64.41	55.93	72.10	39 95	75.09		
Mean ..	56.45	5S.03	66.12	73.46													73.02
85 
U12
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES   AND   SUMMARIES.
                    SAN  DIEGO, CALIFORNIA.
Latitude  32°  42',  Longitude 117°  14'.    Altitude 150 feet.
	Jan.	52.42 50.30 55.70 52.92 52.5i» 55.72	March. 1 April.		May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn	Winter.	Year.
1849.... 1S50.... 1851.... 1552.... 155:!.... 1S54.... 1355....	51.25 51.28 53.07 53.78 51.90 50.11		54.87 55.19 55.07 57. S3 51.62 53.42	59.41 57.74 62.66 62.60 63.72	61.86 61.29 63.44 60.69 66.06	64.00 67.09 6S.43 65.04 72.40	74.27 67.39 73.25 72.85 7:3.14	75.33 74.49 72.50 72.8S 73.23	69.93 71.44 73.57 70.74 67.64	64.15 66.23 65.13 6S.94 62.99	C6.40 56.52 56.33 57.19 53.39 56.65	51.04 48.09 52.67 51.71 53.52 52.61	55.71 5S.03 61.31 59.30 62.73	6S.63 70.95 71.39 70.47	63.49 ...... 64.75 ! 50.79 65.30 53.31 1 06.02 | 53.41 02.43 52.33 i		60.72 61.95 63.03 61.13
Mean. ..	51.90	53.27	56.00	61.23	62.67	67.39	72.72	73.6S	70.87	65.50	56.92	51.70 •	59.97	71.26	64.43	52.29	62.00
        POSTS DEL CHINO AND JURUPA, CALIFORNIA.
Latitude 34° 00', Longitude 117°  25'.   Altitude 1000? feet.
1S51
1852
1-52
1353
IS54

Mean
55.43   50.S2 , 56.57
56.29   54.70  59.29
50.32   53.US l 54.41]
		71.89	73.68	70.06	68.58	60.39	53.61			66.34		
63.75	68.76	73.19	71.57		64.81	50.03	51.12	60.36	71.17			
63.56	71.83	76.22	74.51	74.07	69.00	57.00	53.62	62.42	71.19	66.69	54. S7	C4.54
63.66	70.29	73.77	73.25	72.06	67.46	57.81	52.78	61.01	72.44	65.78	53.89	63.28
The longitude is that of Jurupa, the other position being twenty miles westward in the same valley. The change of positions was made in September, 1852
These posts are designated Rant:',:, del Chino and Rancho de Jurupa, in the registers.
                                            MONTEREY,  CALIFORNIA.
                        Latitude 36° 36', Longitude  121° 52'.   Altitude 140 feet.
1347....			j		55.39	57.90	58.64	59.26	61.16	57.91	52.40	50.00		58.60	56.82		
	51.3S	46.62	50.15	52.82	55.25	58.05	54.40	60.08					52.74	57.51			
	.....		......!		61.77	56.09	61.70	58.03	57.22	58.91	55.20	50.87		53.81	57.11		
1850....	49.25	50.15	50.67	54.59	55.84	56.72	57.53	57.70	59.56	57.01	53.49	49.09	53.70	57.83	50.69	49.39	54.73
1351....							57.06	02. S4	59.14	59.96	55.56	53.16			53.22		
1552....	56.11	54.03	53.53	53. S7	55.56	59.90	61.55						54.32				
Mean ..	52.25	50.47	51.45	53.76	56.76	57.85	53.49	59.53	59.27	53.45	54.16	50.93	53.99	58.64	57.29	51.22	55.29
                 FORT MILLER,  CALIFORNIA.
Latitude 37°  00',  Longitude 119° 40'.   Altitude 402 feet.
1551.
1552.
1553.
1354..
1-55 .
■i  4-"7
.'  49.75
.'  43.60
.'  40.54
M-a-.i...' 47.04
55.74
53.09
49.57
50.66
50.01
55.37 !  63.45 , 72.33 '  88.55
53.61   64.23  70.16 i  84.57
52.98   62.54  66.80 j  76.17
59.75 i  61.22 ' 65.96 !  83.37
56.68   62.SO ' 63.SI   83.16
	82.71	75.41	69.87	55.26	48.00
	83.82	81.45	66.33	52.51	48.54
89.56	82.56	75.00	68.77	55.72	46.41
90.92		74.48	65.12	53.41	49.10
90.24	83.03	76.09	67.52	55.48	1 48.01 j
63.72
64.33   85.56
60.77 : ......
68.84
66.76
66.50
66.00
50.65
49.75
47.72
62.7S   85.48 ,  66.36   49.35
66.51
C6.00 
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES  AND   SUMMARIES.                   643
              SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.
Latitude  37° 48', Longitude 122° 26'.   Altitude 150 feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	] Oct. • Nov.		Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1S47 ...										57.55	50.23	50.79					-
1343....	49.33	50.49				......											
1S50....			49.79	54.45	55.21	57.20							53.15				
1S52....							59.86	58.10	5S.50	55.46	54.62	50.09			56.12		
1553....	51.00	49.91	53.06	54.93	56.38	57.60	56.58	56.90	58.96	59.66	55.94	51.23	54.79	57.03	53.19	50.73	55.13
1854....	47.93	51.72	52.00	56.11	53.56	55.80	57.25	56.65	57.31	53.98	56.45	52.(3	53.89	50.40	57.58	50.70	54.66
1355....	50.14	54.99	56.61	55.9S	56.01	57.35							£6.20				.....
Mean...	49.60	51.73	52.37	55.37	55.29	56.86	57.90	57.22	58.26	57.91	54.31	51.20	54.51	57.33	56.83	50.86	54.38
             BENICIA BARRACKS, CALIFORNIA.
Latitude 38°  03', Longitude  122° 08'.  Altitude  64 feet.
1S49....				......	......						46.15	47.95					
1850....	47.37	49.16	51.20			69.77	67.50	66.74	65.00	64.30	54.44	46.45		68.00	61.25	47.66	
1851....	49.54	50.08	55.42	60.12	61.83	65.16	65.68	70.07	64.08	65.86	50.93	49 03	59.12	66.97	62.29	49.55	59.48
is:2___	48.20	52.43	52.16	50.89	5S.05	05.71	70.09	67.82	67.9S	60.58	55.86	49.04	55.90	67. S7	61.47	49.89	58.78
1853....	48.03	49.85	52.90	56 13	60.62	68.68	65.14	63.9S	64.37	64 50	56.29	46.57	56.55	C5.93	€1.72	43.35	58.14
1854....	42.59	58. S5	50.27	57.00	56.40	62.45	68.37	64.42	61.68	58.91	55.90	48.67	54.56	65. OS	53.33	46.70	56.29
1S55....	45 73	52.17	56.38	56.91	58.29	70.66							57.19				
Mean...	47.02	52.09	53.05	57.41	59.16	67.07	67.36	66.61	61.62	62.83	54.26	47.95	56.54	67.01	60.57	49.02	58.29
    SACRAMENTO, AND CAMP FAR WEST, CALIFORNIA.
Latitude 38° 33', Longitude 121° 20'.  Altitude  50 feet*
1849....							72.25	69.60	64.42	63.96	51.52	45.58			60.00	1	
1850....	44.05	45.38	49.20	57.55	71. SS					66.00	50.25	43.C9	59.54			44.34	
1851....	45.34	48.03	52.62	60.84	62.13	71.66	75.53	76.29	69.34	64.70	54.35	46.61	58.53	74.49	62.76	46.66	60.61
1S52 ...	46.61	51.44	52.06													......	
Mean ..	45.33	48.45	51.29	59.20	67.00	71 66	73.89	73.00	66.88	64.89	52.04	45.09	59.16	72.85	61.27	46.29 !	59.89
* Camp Far West is in lat. 39° 07', long. 121° 18', and 150 or 200 feet above the sea. The observations were taken at this post after October, 1S50.
                                 FORT READING, CALIFORNIA.
                  Latitude 40° 30', Longitude 122° 05'.  Altitude 674 feet.
1852..
1553..
1854..
1S55..

Mean
--■ - ■ -	----		53.66		79.00	80.37	78.75	72.33	59.76	51.80	43.42		79.37	61.30		
48.04	49.12	52.37	58.77	65.96	78.51	84.76	78.76	70.70	65.05	53.12	46.23	59.03	80.68	62.96	47.80	62.62-
40.00	47.26	53.61	60.36	66.92	72.47	83.75	79.76	72.42	62.23	53.80	44.80	60.30	78.66	62.82-	44.02	61.45
44.64	51.56	57.31	59.92 59.45	64.44	81.65							60.56				
44.23	49.31	54.43		65.77	77.91	82.96	79.09	71.73	62.35	52.91	44. S2	59.88	80.00	62.35	46.12	62.09
 
C-i-t
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES  AND  SUMMARIES.
             FORT HUMBOLDT, CALIFORNIA.
Latitude 40° 46', Longitude  124° 09'.   Altitude 50 feet.
1854....J 40.83
1555...., 45.50
Ft.Ross* 47.20
Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.
43.51	47.37	54.06	53.94	5S.04	56.71	57.00	57.02	53.00	48.62	45.69
49.i'7	52.69		50.50	59.19		......				
4S.00	49.90	51.30	55.30	56.90	57.90	5S.40	56.00	53.40	50.90	43.90
Spring.	Summer.	Autumn. 52.88	Winter.	Year
51.79	57.55		-13.35	51.89
52.20	57.70	53.10	48.00	52.80
* A mean of lour years of observation by Russian authorities.  Fori, Ross is in latitude 3S° 35', and on the coast between Humboldt Bay and San Francisco.
                                      FORT JONES, CALIFORNIA.
                     Latitude 41° 36', Longitude 122° 52'.   Attitude 2570 feet.
1S53....	35.07	3i.96	42.01	47 14	55.37	14.36	72.04			53.67	42.74	33.42	4S.34		I	35.43	
1S54....	31.36	35.02	41.10	51 02	53.55	53.76	71.07	68.66	62.72	50.00	40.89	31.5S	43.58	66.16	51.20	32.65	49.05
1355	27.63	39.41 37.40	40.17	49.70	54.65								50.17				
Mean ..	81.37		43.11	49.29	54.69	61.56	71.56	03.66	62.72	51.84	41.SI	32.50	49.03	67.26	52.12 i	33.78	51.40
               FORT ORFORD, CALIFORNIA.
Latitude 42° 44',  Longitude 124° 2,*'.  Altitude  50 feet.
1S52....						60.47	61.33	62.69	59.18	54.70	50.59	44.15		61.49	54.82	....	
	48.72	40.47	47.92	51.55	57.06								52.18			...... .....	
1851...					......		53.14	59.50	53.65	55.07	53.25	48.19			55.66		
1855....	4S.04	49.30	51.23	50.63	52.54	57.58							51.47		...... | ......		
Mean..,	4S.8S	47.83	-19.57	51.09	54.80	59.03	59.73	61.19	53.91	54.88	51.87	46.17	51.82	59.95	1 55.22 47.48		53.0
  FORT VANCOUVER, (COLUMBIA BARRACKS,) OREGON.
Latitude  45° 40', Longitude 122° 30'.   Altitude 50 feet.
1849....												34.60	1				
1S50....	3S.14	40.99	37.29	56.61	60.19	61.32	67.40	66.65	61.62	53.83	43.11	85.78	51.36	65.12	52.85	38.30	51.91
1851....	42.01	42.90	45.29									36.89				40.60	
1.852....	42.74	42.19	40.66	4S.0S	59.81	67.11				53.90	15.08	33.20	49.52			39.37	
1S53....	37.31	42.13	46.58	54.16	00.00	63.09	70.83	64.04	60.28	53.51	45.37	41.78	53.58	66.00	53.05	40.57	53.30
1854....		3S.05	45.00	52.43	57.18	56.85	67.90	66.00	6J.C4	51.96	52.49	36.81	51.54	63.53	55.00		
1855....	42.12 40.56	40.71	50.04	51.46	57.57	64.97					46.51	36.51	53.02 1				
Mean...		41.60	44.14	52.55	58.95	62.67	68.71	65.56	61.81	53.30			51.83	65.65	53.54	39.54	52 65
                  FORT  DALLES, OREGON.
Latitude 45° 36', Longitude 120° 55'.   Altitude  350 feet.
1850...	!......|				...... I				57.43	52.64	87.98	32.55			49.33		
1351...	i 37.95 1	41.39	46.69		......							......					
1552 . ..	...... 1									50.57	41.25	24.95					
1353...	| 32.27	37.14	43.76	53.41	02.14	66.55	74.92	70.21	G3.71	55.35	41.80	40.07	53.10	70.57	53.62	• 49	50.41
1354...	■ 21 98	38.94	46.00	53 51	5S.94	63.51	71.51	H.34	64.00	52.38	44.34	37.07	52.82	6S.79	53.74 '	0,2. Liu	52.00
1355...	40.16 1 1 33.09	42.57 40.01	49.83	52.02	57.60	71.19							53.00				
Mean..			46.45	52.93	59.53	67.09	73.22	70.77	61.71	53.61	41.33	33.66	53.00	70.36	52.22	35 59	.,,.,
 
CONSOLIDATED   TABLES   AND   SUMMARIES.
645
       FORT STEILACOOM, WASHINGTON TERRITORY.
Latitude 47° 10',  Longitude  122° 25'.   Altitude 300? feet.
                    ASTORIA, OREGON.
Latitude 40° 11', Longitude 123° 48'.   Altitude 50 feet.
      CANTONMENT LORING, (FORT HALL,) OREGON.
Latitude 43° 04', Longitude 112° 27'.   Altitude 4800 feet.
                 GREAT SALT LAKE, UTAH.
Latitude 40° 46', Longitude 112°  06'.   Altitude 4351 feet.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	Augiibt.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec. 36.29	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1840...											46.81						
i860....	85.37	89.12	40.51	47.33	55.00	61.11	64.25	63.40	56.52	51.87	41.21	37.15	47.81	62.93	49.86	37.38	49.49
1851....	40.60	40.79	43.17	51.49	54.3S	61.26	62.93	66.82	57.01	52.90	46.27	41.15	49.68	63.67	52.06	40.78	51.55
1,52....	43.26	42.60	40.18	46.49	57.10	63.00	63.51	63. SS	57.06	51.69	43.75	33.28	47.92	63.46	50.83	39.71	50.48
1358___	89.73	39.78	41.92	48.74	57.62	60.47	66.73	62.11	5S.56	53.58	45.10	44.62	49.43	63.10	52.41	41.38	51.58
1554....	30.61	39.64	43.87	50.83	55.57	58.96	63 71	62.80	59.61	51.73	46.67	43.06	50.09	61.82	52.67	37.77	50.59
1S55___	41.95	43.15	47.75	48.39	54.79	59.11							50.31				
Mean...	35.67	40.58	42.90	48.88	55.84	60.65	64.23	63.80	57.75	52.35	44.97	39.26	49.21	62.89	51.69	39.50	50.82
1350....								62.22	59.38	55.45	46.44	40.66			53.76		
1351....	43.00	43.62 1	45.73	52.76	55.00	59.53	61.55	63.76	58.13				51.16	61.58		42.43	52.22
1S49....						...... ...... 63.39	59.62	47.97	34.67	22.50	1 i ......		47.42		
1350....	24.31	24.06	25.23	42.71		...... 1 ...... ......					......			23.62	
I860....	20.40	82.20	35.58	48.00	65.25	71.29	80.55						49.61				
1553....												36.57					
1354....	24.20	35.46	40.50	52.40							41.73	31.65				35.44	
	30.75	37.38	43.17														
Mean ..	27.12	35.01	39.75	50.20	65.25	71.29	80.55				41.73	34.11	51.73	75.92		82.08	53.24
   To obtain a nearer approximation to the temperature of this district the observations of Captain Stansbury, in 1850, and those of Lieutenant Beckwith, from
December, 1853, to April, 1854, are incorporated.
80 
 
SERIES OE MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  MEASUREMENTS  OE  RAIN.
    The entire amount of water falling in rain and snow is in all cases intended to Le included in
the  summaries given in the original record, and of which the results for separate years are here
consolidated to determine the mean for a series of years.  In some cases the amount falling in snow-
is not fully given as water, and some such omissions have been supplied by taking one-tenth of the
reported depth of snow as its equivalent in water.
HANCOCK BARRACKS, MAINE.
FORT KENT, MAINE.
FORT SULLIVAN, MAINE.
Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	• Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1836.... .... 1S37....; 2.00 1S38.... 1.55 1S39.... 2.55 1840.... 1.34 1841.... 5.99 1542.... 2.S2 1343.... 2.02 1344.... 2.80 1845...J 4.37	4.40 0.62 0.94 1.35 0.81 3.41 3.15 0.79 1.73	1.82 0.12 1.96 2.67 2.13 1.63 2.79 1.66 1.70	2.99 1.40 4.24 5.32 3.31 1.19 3.92 1.57 1.43	2.21 3.S7 3.35 1.52 4.74 2.64 2.81 2.87 2.51	0.46 2.95 6.69 5.17 5.93 5.80 3.94 2.37 2.73 2.10	3.89 4.80 2.81 7.20 3.09 1.98 9.40 2.70 3.55 6.86	3.28 3.90 3.54 4.50 2.97 0.12 1.56 8.92 1.80 2.15	2.33 8.54 3.78 1.74 3.09 4.52 2.74 1.10 1.85	3.01 2.40 5.42 0.53 5.58 1.84 4.00 7.84 4.62	1.74 2.87 6.72 3.89 4.11 2.53 2.47 2.14 3.13	4.79 1.80 1.55 2.70 8.62 3.20 1.75 1.58 3.43	7.02 5.40 9.55 9.51 10.18 5.51 9.51 6.10 5.69	7.63 11.65 13.04 17.40 11.99 7.90 14.90 13.99 8.08 13.11	7.07 8.51 15.92 6.16 14.78 S.89 9.61 11.08 9.60	8.20 4.02 5.35 6.31 10.00 7.98 6.75 7.02	35.63 38.37 33.77 41.91 36.97 37.60 41.33 30.50
l\ea,n I 2.80 9£y'is j	1.91	1.34	2.S3	2.95	3.82	4.83	2.27	2.94	3.92	3.29	2.71	7.62	11.92	9.95	7.43	36.97
1844....									1.86	4.41	8.86	3.36 l			9.64		
1845....	3.75	2.60	1.77	1.06	2.63	1.36	7.72	2.57			....		5.46	11.65		9.71	36.46
1841....	5.15	0.79	2.55	6.54	1.51	2.94	5.10	1.15	2.43	1.73	2.99	5.18	10.60	9.19	7.20	11.12	33.11
1812 ...	3.54	3.61	2.75	1.60	2.15	2.00	1.75	6.15	2.S5	5.45	4.00	4.80	6.50	9.90	12.30	11.95	40.65
1S43....	2.15	2.80	3.38	3.05	2.35	1.55	3.83	3.75	0.95	3.55	3.40	4.70	S.78	9.13	7.90	9.65	38.46
1844...	1.95	1.65	2.75	0.70	8.65	0.82	5.34	4.43	2.35	2.54	4.25	7.06	7.10	10.64	9.14	10.66	37.54
1845....	3.12	2.62	2.25	2.53	5.17	2.00	6.51	3.85					9.95	12.36			
1S49....									5.24	1.86	2.25	2.47?		9.65			
1S50....	3.83	2.32	2.80	1.50	5.10	6.10	7.10	2.53	4.83	3.24	3.00	4.80	9.40	15.78	11.04	10.95	47.17
1851....	2.81	4.10	4.60	3.30	2.SO	1.40	3.35	0.90	3.80	4.50	3.00	2.60	10.70	5.65	10. SO	8.91	36.06
1852....	4.30	3.60	2.90	4.10	0.30	2.20	4.00	4.80	3.40	3.50	4.20	2.50	7 30	11.00	11.10	10.40	39.3)
1S53....	1.70 ■	7 20	4.50	1.90	3.3)	0.35	1.70	4.90			'		9.70	6.95			
Mean | Siy'rsf	3.17	3.13	8.16	2.80	2.92	2.15	4.28	3.62	3.17	3.29	3.39	4.26	S.83	10.05	9.85	10.61	89.09
 
G48
SERIES  OF  MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  MEASUREMENTS  OF  RAIN.
FORT PREBLE, MAINE.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	Mav.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn	Winter.	Year.
1S40....											4.52	2.20					
18-1! ...	4.2S	0.79	1.89	5.05	2.S7	1.3S	0.74	4.43	4.03	1.43	3.67	6.38	9.81	6.55	9.IS	11.45	87.00
1S42....	1.91	3.40	; 1.86	1.80	2.40	4.26	2.95	3.59	4.58	0.98	3.53	5.38	6.06	10.SO	9.09	8.69	36.64
1S4;:....	1.57		5.20	4.42	4.05	4.79	1.31	6.30	0.39	5.21	3.64	1.04	13.67	12.40	9.24		
1844....	3.48	0.75	3.59	0.34	3.74	3.34	1.76	2.27	1.76	4.66	2.92	4.10	7.67	7.37	9.34	8.28	32.66
1S45....	3.75	2.07	2.37	1.44	3.14	1.56	5.86	2.93	2.57				6.95	10.35			
1349....									2.70	4.50	5.30	3.95	......	12.50			
1 Sr.c....	4.85	3.20	2.70	4.60	15.50	4.80	2.90	3.35	5.95	3.45	2.80	4.50	22.80	11.05	12.20	12 55	59.00
1851...	3.55	5.80	j 2.45	7.35	3.90	3.87	3.65	2.22	4.41	8.43	6.58	2.89	13.70	9.74	19.42	12.24	46.10
1S52....	4.79	2.56	3.59	8.54	2.82	5.02	3.19	8.31	8.42	5.30	6.38	6.10	14.95	16.52	15.10	13.45	60.02
1353....	1.87	8.55	2.01	3.76	7.08	1.47	2.68	3.58					13.45	7.73			
Mean ) 84yW	3.07	3.39	i 2.92 1	4.14	5.05	3.39	2.78	4.11	3.31	4.25	4.37	4.17	12.11	10.28	11.93	10.93	45.25
FORT CONSTITUTION, NEW HAMPSHIRE.
1S30....		
1337....	1.91	1.53
1838 ...	2.62	0.97
1839....	0.97	2.06
1640....	0.90	1.37
1542...	1.34	2 6S
	1.28	3.57
1844....	2.83	1.43
IS 15.....	S.01	2.68
1849....		
1850....	6.14	2.72
1851....	2.13	5.12
1352....	3.51	2.55
1653....	2.85	4.82
Mean ) loY.M	2.42	2.04
1630.
1537.
1S3S.
1S89.
1840.
1S41.
1S48.
1S44.
Mean  )   .-,
Tj'r-. 1   2
WATERTOWN ARSENAL, MASSACHUSETTS.
2.40	2.95	2.56
8.16	2.18	2.18
1.03	2.89	1.24
2.91	2.76	3.76
5.06	1.46	8.17
1.96	6.74	5.41
3.51	1.64	4.73
2.55
3.80
3.43
2.75
6.86
5.18

3.60
0.38

3.70
5.92
8.85
4.73
2.48

1.86
3.67

3.75
4.26
4.34
4.90
2.74
2.82

4.50
1.69

3.61
2.45
1.84
2.07
4.50
2.84
2.01
2.58
2.79

2.64
1.11
2.13
4.94
4.63
5.10
6.05
8.00
0.99
0.51
7.74
1.96
2.62
4.29
1.12
4.72

8.00
2.87
1.71
4.90
2.26
4.19
8.21
5.60
5.86

3.85
4.45
1.74
4.30
2.07
8.96
8.95
3.38
4.69
2.47
1.02
8.43
4.46
4.19
3.45
4.11
11.91
 8.78
12.83
11.42

10.87
 8.S3

10.75
 7.82
 8.31
11.91
11.87
10.76

15.08
 7.78

10.66
 8.31
 3.96
16.94
 6.29
15.77
11.45
10.31
13.63

10.83
11.90
10.13
10.71
12.15
	3.27	1.29	2.97	1.78	2.05	0.61	3.91	3.57	4.26	......	6.80	8.09		
2.29	4.-37	5.21	4.09	1.05	1.65	0.85	1.48	2.01	1.72	11.87	6.79	4.34	5.16	28.16
1.14	2.21	3.08	3.31	2.00	3.73	3.98	4.24	3.35	0.85	6.73	9.10	11.57	4.44	31.84
0.80	3.28	3.85	2.71	2.70	2.55	1.5S	0.S3	2.05	3.55	7.93	7.96	4.46	6.58	26.93
3.87	4.05	1.93	2.02	1.31	2.99	1.26				9.85	5.32			
3.08	1.59	8.13	4.43	3.18	4.23	2.61	0.66	2.41	4.45	7.80	11. S4	5.68	8.47	33.79
1.40	2.77	0.60	6.52	1.70	7.16	0.43	3.33	2.67	2.72	4.77	15.38	6.43	7.57	34.15
8.60	0...5	2.75	1.45	1.36	2.23	2.57	4.54	2.99	5.55	6.70	5.04	9.00	9.81	30.55
3.20	1.15	3.15	1.89	7.33 1.35	2.72 4.07	1.89	6.01	3.50	3.86	7.50	11.94 11.40			
3.45	4.70	8.31	2.73	2.04	6.50	6.68	2.76	2.48	2.22	16.46	11.27	11.92	11.08	50.78
0.55	7.13	2.55	3.67	4.30	1.92	3.23	5.47	6.10	3.18	10.23	9.89	14.80	10.43	45.85
2.26	6.60	1.42	2.79	2.53	6.20	2.71	2.92	4.35	4.65	10.23	11.52	9.98	10.71	42.49
0.29 2.16	3.23 3.44	6.96	0.52	0.92	5.18	3.21				10.48	6.62			
		8.48	3.01	2.40	3.80	2.43	3.29	3.23	3.32	9.03	9.21	8.95	8.88	35.57
82.06
43.99
42.89
48.08

48.41
42.07 
SERIES  OF  MONTHLY  AND ANNUAL  MEASUREMENTS  OF RAIN.
649
FORT INDEPENDENCE,  MASSACHUSETTS.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1S51....							1.60	1.44	1.24	3.95	4.40	1.28			9.50		
1852....	3.50	1.32	1.2G	4.00	1.20	2.71	1.92	5.35	1.60	1.42	2.94	3.00	6.46	9.98	5.96	7.82	30.22
1853....	2.16	3.43	1.16	2.77	6.31	2.55	4.04	4.70	3.90	2.74	4.52	2.71	10.24	11.29	11.16	8.35	41.04
1854....	2.50	8.86	2.55	5.40	4.28	2.00	4.44	0.50	3.34	1.47	5.57	3.23	12.23	6.94	10.83	9.09	33.04
	6.34	3.30	1.16	2.72	1.62								5.50				
Mean ) 4 y'rs j	3.62	2.84	1.53	* 3.72	8.85	2.42	3.00	3.00	2.52	2.39	4.36	2.55	8.60	S.42	9.27	9.01	85.3u
    Note.—The measurement of rain at Fort Independence appears deficient for most of this period.  The record of Cambridge Observatory gives 40.5 inches for
1852, and 53.8 inches for 1S53, the differences from these measures being quite equally distributed through the monthly results.

                                               FORT  ADAMS, RHODE ISLAND.
1S41....		....								4.81	6.69	7.22				......	
1342. ..	4.4S	5.95	4.54	3.13	4.65	10.92	3.83	4.38	2.97	0.80	3.66	5.43	12.37	19.13	7.43	15. SG	54.79
1843....	4.22	6.43	5.68	7.56	3.69	2.05	2.S3	9.12	1.96	10.02	6.84	7.16	16.93	14.05	1S.S2	17.SI	67.61?
1844 ...	5.85	1.24	3.17	1.49	5.21	1.77	5.78	4.72	5.25	8.30	3.31	2.98	9.87	12.27	16.88	10.07	49.07
1845 ...	2.90	3.15	2.49	1.67	3.22	2.31	2.78	3.54	2.96	4.74	9.49	3.44	7.3S	8 63	17.19	9.49	42.69
1346....	2.49	1.98	2.8S	1.95	2.75	0.79	2.84	3.70	1.18				7.5S	7.33			
1848....											3.55	5.48					
1849....	1.65	3.27	6.25	2.10	4.26	2.30	1.67	3.33	2.36	7.07	4.52	3.85	12.61	7.30	13.95	8.77	42.03
I860....	5.24	3.51	6.82	4.97	5.75	2.42	4.01	3.65	5.23	3.58	2.39	6.58	17.54	10.03	11.20	15.33	51.15
1851....	3.12	5.6S	1.41	7.96	4.10	2.10	6.62	3.65	3.49	4.47	6.84	3.32	13.47	12.27	14.30	12.12	52.70
1S52....	4.43	5.41	5.90	8.67	3.92	1.70	2.10	6.90	2.55	2.60	6.62	6.53	18.49	10.70	11.77	16.39	57.33
	6.68	5.13	4.65	10.48	7.56	2.38	4.92	5.34	3.25				22.69	12.64			
Mean ) 10 y'rs f	4.10	4.17	4.38	5.00	4.51	2.87	3.74	4.83	3.12	5.15	5.39	5.20	13.89	11.44	13.66	13.47	52.40
   Note—The measurements at Fort Adams, particularly for 1843, appear somewhat in excess.  A record at New Bedford, for forty years, by Samuel It .;lnan,
esq., gives 42 inches as the mean annual fall, and that at Brown University for twenty years is very nearly the same measure.
FORT TRUMBULL, CONNECTICUT.
	2.05	3.42	5.92	4.20	3.35	2.47	2.51	10.14	1.68	7.45	5.79	3.80	13.47	15.12	14.9:?	9.27	52.78
1844....	5.92	1.81	6.01	1.19	3.47	1.94	3.81	2.72	2.40	5.S9	3.40	2.23	10.67	8.47	11.19.	9.96	40.29
1845....	3.54	3.57	3.40	3.00	2.89	3.05	3.69	1.60	1.74	3.65	7.96	4.72	10.29	8.34	13.35	11.33	43.31
1846....	3.04	2.24	3.35	2.12	4.69								10.16				
Mean ) 3i y'rs ]	3.64	3.70	4.67	2.63	3.60	2.49	3.34	4.82	1.94	5.50	5.72	3.58	10.90	10.65	13.16	10.93	45.69
FORT HAMILTON, NEW YORK.
1839.	..' 1-80	2.72
1840.	.. 2.50	2.80
1843.	... 0.70	1.90
1844.	..! 2.97	0.93
1345.	..' 4.26	5.70
1510.	5.15	5.55
1347.	..! 5.04	7.05
	.! 2.20	1.17
1.90	8.34
	4.S5
4.20	5.70
4.33	0.52
2.21	1.00
2.82	2.40
5.04	0.71
1.34	1.75 ■
6.22	6.41	2.80	5.33	4.74	2.35	4.80	8.70	11.46	14.54	11.89	13.22	51.11
8.38	5.11	4.55	6.20	1.72					15.86			
1.32	1.67	1.88	14.05	3.75	4.10	1.70	3.21	11.22	17.60	9.55	5.SI	'44.15
2.80	2.32	4.87	1.72	4.30	3.73	2.05	2.05	7.65	8.91	10.13	5.95	32.64
1.47	8.60	1.95	4.48	2.28	1.76	2.95	3.45	4.68	10.13	6.99	13.41	35.21
9.84	2.14	7.09	4.34	0.20	1.5S	8.90	2.68	15.06	13.57	10.G5	13.33	52.69
1.63	3.37	4.32	3.30	10.60	4.25	5.20	7.IS	7.3S	15.99	20.05	19.27	62.69
9.32	5.19	1.30	0.94	1.65	2.95	1.82	2.50	12.91	7.1(3	6.42	8.87	86.13
87 
050
SERIES  OF  MONTHLY  AND   ANNUAL  MEASUREMENTS  OF  RAIN.
FORT  HAMILTON,  NEW  YORK—Continued.
	Jan.
isr.t....	0.44
1S50___	4.09
1851....	2.39
1852....	1.94
155:;....	4.55
1554....	3.05
Me in. ..	2.93
2.12    5.11
1.74  :  5.55
4.44  J  8.38
2.27  !  4.11
7.24 4.45	5.79 0.05
3.57	3.65
April.

0.52
1.44
5.32
6.06
4.73
9.5S

3.42
May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.
3.75	0.82	2.70	3.01	2.84
6.74	2.11	3.63	6.16	4.20
2.83	1.68	3.29	2.64	1.31
3.20	2.8J	2.64	4.46	1.99
6.02	4.42	5.83	5.23	3.75
6.09	4.25	2.23	0.26	3.50
4.62	3.65	3.55	4.44	3.33
Oct.	Nov.	Dec.
4.50	1.45	2.43
1.83	1.9S	5.77
2.99	4.39	2.66
2.25	4.14	3.80
2.73	3.71	1.16
1.19	5.70	3.35
2.80	3.75	3.84
Spring.
 9.33
13.73
12.08
13.37
16.59
16 32
11.69
Summer.	Autumn.
6.59	8.79
11.95	8.01
7.61	8.69
9.90	8.33
15.48	10.19
0.74	10.39
11.64	9.93
Winter.  Year.
 4.99
12.21)
 9.49
 8.01
12.98
10.85
10.39
29.75
45.89
37. S7
39.06
55.24
44.30

43.65
FORT  COLUMBUS, NEW YORK.
1S36..
1S."7*.
133S..
1S39..
1S4U-.
1641..
1842..
1543..
154 4..
1145..
1S46..
1S47..
1S4S..
154!)..
165(1..
1851..
1S52.
155;;..
1354..
1.09  ]
2.7(1  |
3.93
U.69  j
1.84
5.30
1.07
1.00
2.66
4.57
3.92
4.02
1.75
0.01
5.5T
1.46
2.92
4.14
2.60
2.78
2.01	1.81	2.66	0.63	6.46	1.44	2.37	3.40	2.00	1.90	2.30	4.60	10.27	7.30	5.40	27.57
3.70	8.20	7.50	9.50	8.50	5.90	6.30	2.10	2.11	2.90	6.10	25.20	20.70	7.11	12.50	65.51
8.70	4.10	2.50	3.99	3.12	1.83	4.79	4.96	3.64	3.10	2.24	10.59	9.74	11.70	9.87	41.90
2.05	2.46	3.35	8.37	4.94	1.35	4.92	3.59	1.45	2.19	7.61	14.18	11.21	7.23	10.35	42.97
1.S4	2.92	2.03	2.39	2.40	1.80	4.25	1.84	4.59	2.90	1.00	T.34	8.45	9.33	4.68	29.80
0.80	2.35	3.93	3.95	4.05	4.90	2.50	2.90	4.40	3.70	2.70	10.23	12.05	11.00	8.80	42.03
2.55	1.25	3.60	3.60	3.30	3.80	2.81	2.10	4.30	1.80	3.50	8.45	8.91	8.20	7.42	32.98
2.31	2.13	2.14	1.00	0.76	1.64	15.26	3.06	5.91	2.82	3.34	5.27	17.66	11.79	6.65	41.37
1.03	4.50	0.55	3.41	2.37	6.00	2.73	4.50	4.C8	1.73	2.82	8.46	11.10	10.31	6.51	36.38
3.22	3.33	1.22	1.75	3.70	1.75	3.21	2.62	2.50	3.40	2.51	6.30	S.66	8.52	10.60	34.08
3.01	3.S2	4.01	9.70	1.39	6.01	3.SS	0.48	1.34	8.36	2.99	17.53	11.28	10.18	9.92	48.91
5.74	8.43	1.53	2.18	6.78	1.62	6.93	12.20	2.13	6.29	6.35	12.19	15.33	20.62	16.71	64.85
1.0S	2.23	1.16	7.28	4.56	2.64	1.41	1.S7	6.61	1.59	4.02	10.67	8.61	10.07	7.45	36.80
2.C6	4.87	0.62	3.47	0.78	1.43	4.63	1.55	5.63	1.83	4.01	8.96	6.84	9.06	6.88	31.74
2.64	4.04	2.72	9.20	3.07	3.92	7.21	4.71	3.16	2.33	5.36	16.56	14.20	10.20	13.57	54.53
4.50	1.70	6.94	4.73	0.90	4.72	3.47	1.26	2.95	4.53	8.72	13.37	9.18	8.74	8.6S	39.97
8.C8	4.43	4.74	2.24	2.11	3.25	6.20	2.29	2.06	6.07	4.45	11.41	11.56	10.42	10.45	43.84
4.9S	2.03	3.32	5.80	4.80	4.40	5.50	5.49	3.90	6.80	1.04	11.15	14.70	16.19	10.16	52.20
4.00	0.70	8.80	7.70	2.20	1.90	1.03	1.90	1.80	3.95	8.60	17.20	5.13	7.65	15.20	4").18
2.92	3.44	8.33	4.78	3.46	3.17	4.70	3.31	3.40	3.59	3.93	11.55	11.83	10.30	9.63	42.23
* At Fort Wood, Bedloe's Island, from January, 1837, to September, 1839.
WEST  POINT, NEW  YORK.
1836....   ....
1837....!  4.15
15,>>....   2.25
1S39....   6.75
154u....   2.50
1541....   9.95
1542....   2.00
1543....,  2.70
1S.4..J  5.25
1M5....!  5.15
l54C,....|  8.42
1547....   4.01
5.10
2.45
3.S5
2.50
2.00
2.60
3.02
3.10
6.22
11.00
 5.30
 1.40
 3.41
 5.25
 0.75
 5.05
 4.20
 3.40
 3.90
 3.49
1.80
7.75
5.15
9.75
4.59
6.60
4.95
3.40
0.50
1.50
3.04
0.79
 5.95
13.35
12.90
11.25
 8.85
 4.37
 4.SO
 2.28
 5.10
 4.10
 6.62
 2.70
13.90	10.60	3.85	4.30	7.07	9.15
13.10	8.75	7.40	3.55	4.20	2.60
12.27	5.90	5.85	12.50	8.05	6.10
6.50	9.38	5.72	4.59	2.13	1.44
2.80	2.73	5.18	3.08	8.33	3.10
5.97	3.40	2.80	3.05	2.10	8.85
3.23	5.19	9.92	5.60	4.20	2.98
1.95	8.00	11.33	3.62	6.95	4.60
3.45	7.90	5.2S	3.50	4.92	1.05
1.82	2.3S	7.72	2.60	2.93	5.86
2.80	6.14	2.93	0.17	2.46	10.02
2.27	2.52	2.20	8.58	1.97	1.80
16.65
 2.05
 4.65
 6.66
 6.25
 5.10
 4.40
 2.70
 4.12
 3.24
 2.80
 8.50
32.10
23.85
22.40
16.35
16.22
10.50
10.73
 9.80
 9.80
18.56
 6.98
28.35
29.25
24.02
21.55
10.71
12.17
18.84
16.28
16.68
11.92
11.87
 6.{
20.52		50.14
10.35	11.80	83.03?
26.65	9.35	88.37?
8.16	17.86	69.47?
14.51	11.25	47.62
18.50	17.05	58.94?
12.78	9.60	50.62
15.17	8.42	50.60
9.47	12.47	48.87
10.89	11.27	43.83
12.63	9.00	46.56
7.85	13.73	85.05
 
SERIES  OF  MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  MEASUREMENTS  OF  RAIN.
651
					WEST		POINT, NEW YORK—Continued.									Winter. lU.S'J	
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July. August.		Sept.	Oct.,	Nov.	"Dec. j	Spring. 'Summer. 12.;„ 12.2s		VuMuJ 11. su		Year.
1843....	1.S7	3.93	2.71	2.90	7.15	7.37	4.42	0.49	3.67	4.43	6.76	5.04					5L'.79
1S49.. .	1.03	2.07	4.55	0.90	6.10	1.08	3.15	4.84	0.4S	7.63	2.31	4.11	11.55	9.07	10.42	7.21	38.25
1550....	6.06	3.33	4.34	4.30	8.26	3.83	5.89	5.13	8.14	2.34	2.17	5.05	17.40	14.85	12.65	15.04	57.94
1851....	0.82	5.09	2.56	7.24	4.34	1.53	4.44	2.58	1.22	4.02	4.31	2.45	l 14.14	8.55	9.55	8.86	40.60
1552 ...	1.80	3.80	2.68	4.66	1.85	2.30	4.67	6.39	2.39	2.99	4.47	5.31	9.19	13.36	9.85	10.91	43.31
	3.27	5.45	3.28	5.84	7.99	3.77	10.43	7.S7	3.95	3.85	5.60	2.26	17.06	22.12	13.40	10.98	63.56
1354....	3.52	5.04	2.81	10.53	5.08	1.62	3.73	0.46	4.00	1.98	5.65 4.39	2.64 4.71	18.42	5 81	11.63	11.20	47.06
Mean ) 19 y'rs j	3.50	3.44	3.71	4.55	6.18	4.79	5.50	5.15	3.89	4.34			14.44	15.44	12.62	11.65	54.15
M'n last 12 years	,3.24	3.90	3.62	3.82	5.13	2.77	4.89	4.77	3.11	3.87	3.76	3.65	! 12.57	12.43	10.74	10.79	46.53
WATERVLIET  ARSENAL,  NEW YORK.
1836___				2.21	2.42	7.08	2.39	2.00	0.99	4.15	2.58	4.53		11.47	7.72		
1537....	2.49	2.82	2.17	1.34	6.14	4.73	2.92	3.91	1.15	2.12	0.80	1.45	9.65	11.56	4.07	6.76	32.04
1333....	0.S3	1.02	1.25	0.63	4.69	4.37	2.67	5.95	2.96	2.56	3.32	0.55	6.57	12.99	8.84	2.40	80.80
1839....	2.20	0.65	1.30	3 63	2.91	4.60	3.61	1.03	3.67	1.22	2.31	2.10	7.84	9.24	7.70	4.95	29.73
1840....	0.27	0.20	2.79	4.60	1.95	3.45	2.54	2.96	4.72	4.24	2.95	1.61	9.34	8.95	11.91	2.08	32.28
1841....	3.69	2.20	2.50	4.34	1.75	3.09	1.08	4.25	5.44	1.41	2.89	3.15	8.59	8.42	9.74	9.04	35.79
1S42....	0.95	3.23	3.47	4.93	1.37	4.98	5.03	4.36	7.69	4.18	2.36		9.77	14.37	14.23		
1843....	1.90		1.30	4.26	3.25	6.05	4.39	7.02	2.61	4.83	2.75	1.60	8.SI	17.46	10.39		
1345....	4.25	2.95	3.36	3.25	5.02	2.09	3.31	1.19	3.12	2.04	3.41	2.55	11.63	6.59	8.57	9.75	30.54
1846___	2.86	2.20	2.85	0.86*	3.29	2.96	2.50*	2.90	1.10	2.16	5.00	2.81	7.00	8.36	8.26	7.S7	31.49
1847....	1.34	1.33	2.50	2.23	2.45	3.82	6.01	1.74	3.06	3.16	1.97	1.64	7.18 i	11.57	8.19	4.86	31.80
1848....	2.02	2.27	3.22	1.40	6.61	3.62	5.57	2.98	2.25	3.44	2.23	4.32	11.23	11.37	7.92	8.61	39.13
1S49___	0.65		1.19?	1.01	5.53	5.52			0.07	5.34	1.61	2.98	1 7.73		7.62		
1S50 .	1.80	0.40	0.84	2.92	4.70	1.91	5.27	3.34	4.23	3.37	1.69	2.75	8.46	10.52	9.29	4.96	33.23?
1851___	1.32	3.86	0.97	3.53	2.83	3.60	4.43	2.39	1.66	2.62	4.01	2.86	7.33	10.42	8.29	8.04	34.08
1852___	2. S3	1.10	2.06	4.16	1.67	1.28	2.87	2.73	2.67	2.67	4.70	2.35	7.89	6.88	10.04	6.33	31.14
1S53 .	1.78	4.08	2.72	3.36	5.84	1.62	8.54	3.05	7.56	2.47	5.37	1.43	11.92	8.21	15.40	7.29	42.82
1854....	3.50	2.77	2.73	3.98	1.58	2.31	1.54	0.84	2.82	2.05	2.40 2.93	0.98 2.33	8.29	4.69	7.27	7.25	27.50
Mean .	2.07	2.OS	2.19	2.92	3.55	3.73	3.51	8.10	3.24	3.00			8.66	10.34	9.17	6.38	34.55
													ation at 1	Llbany ei	ves 40 in	ches as	the mean
annual fall of water.
PLATTSBURG BARRACKS, NEW YORK.
1540....
1841...,
1842....
1343...
1844...
1845...
1346...
1.10
2.00
0.47
1.26
0.84
2.84
1.13
0.20
0.81
1.32
1.46
0.54
2.67
0.74
5.05
1.25
2.40
2.83
2.44
2.09
1.36
5.25

2.26
1.48
2.61
2.02
0.62
2.50

0.80
4.88
5.40
1.83
2.91
2.75

2.28
5.43
4.41
2.15
3.11
3.00	4.50	6.25	1.10	2.00	2.00	12.80	10.25	9.35	3.30	35.70
1.75	1.50	8.46	0.50	1.47	2.44			5.43	5.28	
4.09	2.41	3.69	8.34	2.84	3.12	5.46	8.73	9.87	4.91	29.02
5.09	5.22	4.47	4.83	3.08	0.74	11.84	15.79	12.43	3.66	43.72
4.78	6.46	3.35	4.53	2.40	1.52	10.45	15.65	10.28	2.90	39.28
2.09	1.81	3.66	2.26	3.49-	1.20	5.94 4.89	5.55	9.41	6.73	27.63
 
G52
SERIES  OF MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL MEASUREMENTS  OF  RAIN.
PLATTSBURG  BARRACKS, NEW  YORK—Continued.
Mean of eighteen years' observation at Burlington, Vermont, 33 9 inches. Professor Thompson.
MADISON BARRACKS, NEW YORK.
	Jan. •	Feb.	March.	April.	May.'	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1849....							0.95	3.60	0.70	4.20	2.30	1.20			7.20		
1S50....	1.10	0.98	0.23	3.73	7.13	2.58	4.12	1.33	4.C6	7.04	3.10	7.25	11 19	8.08	15.80	9.83	43.90
1351....	2.19	1.99	2.03	1.61	3.61	5.85	3.09	3.22	3.36	4.61	3.30	1.S4	7.25	11.66	11.27	0.02	86.20
1S52....	0.90	1.83	2.02	3.42													
Mean...	1.88	1.20	2.18	2.55	3.63	3.51	3.22	3.30	3.72	3.67	2.66	2.87	8.36	10.03	10.05	4.95	83.89
1840....	1.15	3.53	2.58					4.80	3.62	8.78	3.16	2.85			10.56	7.53	
1841....	3.13	0.51	3.00	2.73	1.74	1.58	4.14	1.59	5.36	1.58	3.85	3.11	7.47	7.31	10.79	6.80	32.37
1S42....	0.94	1.93	3.24	3.16	1.76	4.43	3.81	3.38	4.21	4.11	4.38	1.96	8.16	11.62	12.70	4.63	37.31
1S43....	2.35	1.85	2.57	2.15	1.44	4.70	2.79	1.85	2.66	6.91	2.44	2.06	6.16	9.34	12.01	6.26	83.77
1344....	2.74	0.55	1.91	1.79	3.37	3.74	3.7S	3.80	0.41	3.52	1.62	1.70	7.07	11.82	5.55	5.29	29.23
1845....	3.50	2.92	2.55	2.04	4.16	1.S5	5.45	0.57	8.18	2.64	2.24	1.27	8.75	7.87	8.06	7.69	32.37
1846....	2.61	2.24	2.28	1.96	3.49	1.93							7.73				
1840....					1.69	2.07	0.91	4.06	6.51	5.21	4.99	4.85		7.04	16.71		
1S50....	3.16	3.55	2.13	2.87	6.15	1.64	7.57	3.12	4.75	12.39	3.93	6.26	11.15	12.33	21.07	12.97	57.51?
1351....	2.39	4.52	4.33	3.95	5.OS	2.78	7.67	3.53	3.35	6.09	5.85	4.25	13.36	13.98	15.29	11.16	53.79?
1352....	2.90	2.79	5.39	3.29	....				3.78								
Mean ..	2.49	2.47	3.05	2.66	3.23	2.75	4.51	2.97		5.13	3.60	3.14	8.94	10.23	12.51	8.10	39.78
The last years of this record appear over-measured, by comparison with other stations and with previous summaries here.
FORT ONTARIO, NEW  YORK.
1544....	1.43	0.19	1.54	1.40	3.74	8.20	1.42	6.50	0.54	4.69	1.02	3.71	6.68	16.12	6.45	5.33	34.58
1845....	8.01	2.6S	0.85	2.43	2.89	4.73	1.53		3.63	5.60	2.65	3.62	5.02		11.88	9.31	
1846....	2.80	2.93	1.55*	1.29	1.82	1.38							4.66				
1849....	1.16	1.15	2.62	1.65	3.00	1.66	0.69	1.61	2.26	6.30	2.77	2.09	7.27	3.96	11.83	5.40	27.96
1850 ...	1.63	1.0S	0.37	3.39	3.04	2.03	6.09	1.25	2.40	5.59	4.81	2.90	6.80	7.37	12.80	5.66	32.63
1851....	2.61	2.31	3.97	1.91	1.31	2.55	2.37	1.32	1.74	2.48	4.97	4.41	7.19	6.44	9.19	9.33	32.15
1352....	2.76	2.14	3.66	0.03	0.86	4.06	1.18	0.53	3.31	4.80	4.47	4.09	5.20	5.77	12.58	8.99	82.54
1853 ...	1.17	4.12	0.89	3.04	2.01	0.72							5.94				
1854....										0.82	1.09	1.69					
Mean...	2.02	2.07	1.93	1.93	2.27	3.17	2.22	2.24	2.31	4.85	8.11	3.21	6.18	7.63	9.77	7.80	30.88
FORT NIAGARA, NEW  YORK.
----	---	----
1S41....		
1842 ...	2.50	3.90
1343....	5.61	2.27
1(344....	1.80	0.53
1545...	1.75	1.17
1346...	1.90	1.15
4.10
2.74
1.52
1.94
1.20
4.20
2. SI
0.34
2.07
1.0S
2.40	7.25	6.32
2.39	5.07	4.23
2.74	2.59	2.23
2.57	1.16	1.14
i. 03	1.62	
3.50
1.49
2.SI
	0.77	1.20	3.40
5.05	3.70	4.82	2.75
4.72	2.24	1.54	1.86
0.26	1.47	0.94	1.63
3.06	1.42	1.21	0.81
10.70	17.07
7.94	11.39
5.10	7.13
6.58	5.11
4.36	
13.57
2.67
5.69
9.15	50.49
9.24	37.07
3.96	18.86?
8.23 .....	20.61.'
 
SERIES OF MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEASUREMENTS OF RAIN.
653
FORT NIAGARA, NEW YORK—Continued.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	1 Spring. ! Summer		Autumn	Winter.	Year.
1849... 1850.... 1851.... 1852.... 1853.... 1854....	4.01 1.20 1.-00 1.11 1.63	0.67 3.32 1.71 1.64 2.52	0.49 0.37 4.46 2.54 1.87	(J. 46 2.01 2.87 3.40 2.25	*0.70 2.49 2.56 8.70 3.90	6.64 1.69 2.91 1.60 1.71	2.63 6.37 3.18 1.98 2.71 4.08	7.21 5.17 2.26 2.60 1.56 1.52	5.00 7.25 2.99 5.06 3.55 2.61	4.14 3.10 2.58 3.80 1.31	3.65 8.06 2 .,40 2.62 2.18	2.91 1.82 1.42 5.97 1.17	1.65 4.87 9.89 9.64 8.02	18.18 7.13 7.49 5.87 7.26	12.79 13.41 7.97 10.98 7,04	6.50 5.94 8.68 3.92	39.74 25.91 87.04 26.47
Mean...	2.25	1.89	2.12	2.20	2.55	3.28	8.49	3.04	3.95	2.87	2.36	2.27	6.87	9.81	8.68	6.41	31.77
* Twelve days.
BUFFALO BARRACKS, NEW YORK.
1842.... 1843.... 1844.... 1845....	8.52 2.40 4.08	1.70 . 0.64 2.29	3.28 3.06 2.91	3.51 1.55 2.70	1.65 5.05 1.78.	2 S6 3.50 1.96	2.10 3.77 4.77 1.54	2.00 2.90 5.34	7.50 7.10 0.22	2.50 7.76 3.90	6.20 3.27 2.16	2.40 3.38 2.20	8.44 9.66 7.39	9.53 13.61	16.20 18.13 6.28	8.60 5.24	44.70 34.79
Mean...	8.33	1.54	3.08	2.59	2.83	2.77	3.05	3.41	4.94	4.72	3.88	2.66	8.50	9.23	13.54	7.53	38.80
ALLEGHENY ARSENAL, PENNSYLVANIA.
1836___								3.28	1.55	2.04	1.59	2.18			5.18		
1837....	2.66	2.27	1.27	1.00	4.64	7.50	1.70	2.52	1.77	3.93	3.71	2.69	6.91	11.72	9.41	7.62	35.66
1838....	1.29	1.94	1.59														
1839....	1.40	1.80	1.76	1.80	2.08	2.55	2.40	1.50	3.75	0.60	2.70	3.28	5.64	6.45	7.05	6.08	25.62
1840....	1.33	1.83	3.47	2.18	2.93	3.70	1.57	3.89	2.12	2.68	1.71	1.73	8.58	9.16	6.51	4.39	29.64
1841....	2.74	0.07	4.77	3.82	2.40	4.96	1.73	4.01	1.85	2 31	2.77	3.41	10.99	10.70	6.93	6.22	34.84
1842....	2.75	2.88	3.75	4.64	2.86	3.96	4.99	5.91	2.20	2.09	1.72	3.79	11.25	14. S6	6.01	9.42	41.54
1843....	2.70	3.81	3.27	2.33	4.05	3.83	1.87	2.32	6.44	3.46	2.87	2.26	30.65	8.02	12.77	8.27	89.71
1844....	2.20	0.93	3.04	1.79	4.89	4.02	2.44	4.47	2.57	2.85	1.85	1.50	9.72	10.93	7.27	4.63	82.55
1845....	2.85	1.50	3.04	2.51	1.18	4.04	3.74	3.06	3.39	3.87	2.02	1.19	6.73	10.84	8.73	5.54	31.89
1846....	2.92	2.73	2.02	3.76	4.62	4.05	7.15	6.05,	1.95	4.78	2.60	5.16	10.40	17.25	9.33	10.81	47.79
1847....	3.01	2.86	3 47	2.55	3.64	5.32	4.18	8.26	3.92	4.76	4.27	4.98	9.66	12.76	12.95	10.8c	46.22
1848....	1.31	0.50	3.20	2.45	5.51	3.03	3.69	2.27	2.08	2.11	3.11	4.83	11.16	8.99	7.30	6.69	34.14
1849....	2.43	1.31	3.85	0.83	5.83	2.84	1.26	3.26	1.26	3 86	3.97	4.11	10.51	7.86	9.09	7.85	34.81
1850....	3.76	3.45	2.74	2.59	8.30	2.62	2.82	1.27	3.62	4.29	2.19	4.76	8.63	6.71	10.10	11.97	87.41
1851___	0.35	3.01	1.48	2.83	8.57	2.04	4.30	2.«66	2.62	1.45	3.67	1.71	7.83	9.00	7.74	5.17	29.74
1852___	1.80	3.34	2.03	9.27	3.84	2.76	2.55	2.76	3.09	2.24	2.67	5.01	15.14	8.07	8.00	10.15	41.36
1853___	1.56	3.53	1.11	4.16	3.27	1.32	2.74	6.56	2.34	2.04	2.90	2.10	8.54	10.62	7.28	7.19	33.63
1854....	2.23	2.33	2.82	4.3!	2.24	2.06	1.45	1.13	1.76	2.89	1.88	1.67	9.27	4.64	6.58	6.23	26.67
Mean...	2.18	2.17	2.70 •	3.10	3.58	3.56	2.97	3.34	2.68 i	2.87	2.68	8.13	!• 9.38	9.87	8.23	7.48	34.96
 
65-4                 SERIES  OF  MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  MEASUREMENTS OF RAIN.
CARLISLE BARRACKS, PENNSYLVANIA.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1548.... 1849.... I860.... 1851.... 1852.... 1853.... 1854....	1.09 4.23 0.51 1.18 1.26	1.31 2.76 8.00 2.23 2.78	8.84 8.70 2.35 S.96 0.75	0.95 0.68 2.38 4.76 4.69 8.02	2.25 8.16 4.88 8.41 2.96 3.C9	2.50 1.72 8.88 4.80 8.36 0.81	8.79 0.45 8.90 8.89 8.51 2.63	1.95 1.43 2.72 1.49 4.38 2.63 1.49	2.10 0.96 5.65 1.95 1.45 3.01 0.78	3.28 4.63 4.08 1.18 1.64 0.93?	2.78 0.84 0.87 8.78 6.27 2.30	4.76 8.88 8.81 3.61 1.63	7.68 10.91 10.52 11.61 7.46	13.24 3.60 15.00 9.68 11.25 6.07	8.11 6.48 10.60 6.86 9.86 4.01	6.23 10.85 7.62	28.94 47.86 89.24
Mean ..	1.67	2.41	2.92	2.75	8.88	2.68	4.69	2.30	2.27	2.62	2.79	3.53	9.05	9.67	7.68	7.61	84.01
FORT MIFFLIN, PENNSYLVANIA.
1848....	1.93	1.92	4.45	1.58	3.16	1.74	4.01	6.03	4.95	2.84	4.08	4.80	9.19	11.78	11.87	8.20	41.04
1844....	5.60	2.00	4.15	2.15 '	8.82	4.90	4.20	2.80	4.80	6.00	4.00	2.90	10.12	11.90	14.80	10.50	46.82
1849....	0.71	2.69	6.05	1.64	4.04	2.26	2.16	7.86	0.48	6.52	2.25	6.18	11.78	11.78	9.25	9.58	42.84
1850....	4.29	2.52	5.39	2.98	7.65	1.65	5.23	6.84	3.45	1.54		4.66	16.02	13.72		11.47	
1851....	1.25	4.03	5.60	8.55	4.65	8.00	8.65	8.08	0.94	3.08	8.41	1.90	18.80	9.68	7.88	7.18	88.04
1852....	2.40	2.48	4.60	8.20	5.80	4.55	5.45	4.40	1.40	8.80	3.80	5.45	18.10	14.40	8.50	10.88	51.88
1853....	0.80	8.54	2.20	3.98	5.70	2.00	8.71	4.42	1.80	2.84			11.88	15.18		......	
Mean ..	2.43	2.60	4.68	8.44	4.90	2.87	4.77	4.98	8.19	8.72	8.51	4.23	12.97	12.62	10.42	9.26	45.27
Mean of 28 years at Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, by Drs. Swift and Conrad, 42.8 inches.
FORT  McHENRY, MARYLAND.
1886....				....	4.10	9.20	2.85	6.70	8.15	4.00	4.80	7.10		18.25	11.95		
1837....	2.10	8.10	6.30	2.10	4.20	4.90	4.30	5.10	3.80	3.10	8 40	2.60	12.60	14.80	10.30	7.80	45.00
1888....	2.10	2.90	4.50	2.80	4.30	4.70	1.90	9.10	4.50	3.10	2.70	4.50	11.60	15.70	10.80	9.50	47.10
1889....	3.50	8.60	4.00	9.10	4.50	4.10	5.60	2.20	1.90	1.60	2.80	8.80	17.60	11.90	6.30	15.90	51.70
1340....	2.80	2.80	2.70	4.80	8.90	5.10	1.85	2.85	2.80	4.50	2.15	8.25	10.90	9.80	9.45	7.85	87.90
1841....	6.10	1.40	5.95	4.50	2.75	4.85	1.85	4.00	2.80	2.80	3.30	5.10	15.10	9.70	8.40	12.60	43.90
1842....	1.80	3.35	2.40	4.80	4.00	2.65	3.70	4.40	1^30	1.40	2.75	3.85	10.70	10.75	5.15	8.50	85.18
1843....	1.60	2.20	3.80	2.90	3.55	0.90	5.40	7.82	10.50	1.97	4.25	8.90	10.25	14.12	16.72	7.70	48.79
1844....	8.65	1.45	8.00	1.60	4.00	1.70	8.90	0.31	4.47	3.08	1.85	3.50	8.60	5.91	9.85	8.60	82.46
1845....	2.40	8.59	1.70	1.49	2.36	2.98	1.26	2.77	1.51	8.73	1.22	8.43	5.55	6.96	6.46	9.42	28.89
1846....	2.83	1.82	8.54	2.88	5.77	1.78	6.89	7.20	3.88	1.80	7.17	2.10	11.69	15.8T	12.85	6.75	46.66
1847....	2.92	8.42	2.88	0.41	1.19	3.86	2.51	2.97	5.56	8.88	2.54	2.88	8.98	8.84	11.47	9.72	84.01
1848....	1.58	0.94	2.T0	0.81	2.96	4.24	4.42	8.24	1.64	7.35	1.44	8.10	6.47	11.90	10.48	5.62	84.42
1S49....	1.02	1.15	3.63	0.87	4.18	1.50	2.06	2.55	1.90	6.27	1.06	4.44	8.68	6.11	9.28	6.61	80.68
1850....	8.58	2.48	6.90	8.85	3.08	1.66	8.10	4.70	4.70	8.10	4.80	4.40	12.88	9.46	12.10	10.41	43.80
1851....	1.70	2.90	5.70	4.70	4.60	1.20	4.20	3.30	0.50	2.20	5.60	1.50	15.00	8.79	8.80	6.10	88.10
1852....	2.60	8.60	3.90	7.80	1.70	2.70	5.70	4.60	2.20	2.60	7.90	6.20	18.40	1,3.00	12.70	12.40	51.50
1358....	1.80	3.40	2.70	3.10	4.80	0.60	3.80	4.70	2.40	4.40	8.50	2.30	10.10	8.60	10.80	7.00	86.00
1854*...	4.40	4.90	4.70	7.20	5.20	4.80	2.60	3.00	4.10	7.10	7.80	8.90	17.10 11.18	10.40	18.50	18.20	59.20?
Mean ..	2.64	2.70	8.86	8.56	8.71	8.28	8.50	4.26	8.81	8.53	8.68	3.97 ;		11.04	10.52	9.81	42.00
• 1854 and 1845 appear inaccurately measured, one in excess and the other in deficiency.  Their errors are compensating. 
SERIES  OF MONTHLY  AND ANNUAL MEASUREMENTS  OF RAIN.
655
FORT SEVERN, MARYLAND.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1843.... 1S44.... 1845....	4.22 8.69	0.94 5.10	8.00 8.55 2.85	2.59 1.08 2.25	5.71 4.69 8.24	1.24 8.91 6.94	6.28 2.96 3.18	5.99 1.67	10.37 6.47	2.64 4.28	4.96 8.62	4.26 8.87	11.30 9.82 8.34	13.51 8.54	17.97 14.87	8.53	40.76
Mean ..	3.96	3.02	3.13	1.97	4.55	4.03	4.14	3.83	8.42	3.46	4.29	8.81	9.65	12.00	16.17	10.79	48.61
WASHINGTON  CITY.
1824.... 1825.... 1826.... 1827....	1.50 1.62 0.60 0.48	2.65 2.27 2.01 2.85	1.98 3.83 1.68 1.18	4.80 8.35 0.45 1.97	1.58 2.87 0.80 2.25	4.26 2.66 1.87 1.37	2.45 1.87 2.66	2.43 1.85 2.37	2.62 0.45 1.60	1.23 1.68 1.08 1.02	1.24 0.24 2.05 2.57	2.76 2.76 1.62 2.21	7.86 9.55 2.93 5.40	9.14 5.88 6.90	5.09 2.87 4.73	6.91 6.65 4.23 5.54	29.00 24.45 18.79
Mean .. 1836.... 1837.... 1838.... 1839.... 1838 ) to'42. j	1.05 4.46	2.45 2.74	2.17 2.56	2.52 4.03	1.75 3.86	2.54 2.92	2.25 8.92	2.05 3.69	1.56 8.52	1.25 8.55	1.52 3.08	2.34 2.87	6.44 10.45	6.86 10.53	4.33 10.15	5.84 10.07	23.47 47.27 31.80 35.10 86.97 41.20
   These observations are reported in the first pubUcations of results from the medical department.  The first were taken by Rev. Robert Little, and those from
1886 to 1839 by Judge Cranch.  Later observations show the quantity of rain falling here to differ little from that at Baltimore, and the evidences are strong that
the first series was much under-measured.  The last amount is from the observations of Lieutenant Gilliss, and is a mean of measurements from July, 1838, to
June, 1842, giving a close approximation to the absolute mean.
FORT WASHINGTON, MARYLAND.
1851.... 1852.... 1853....	1.54 8.19	8.23 4.40	2.88 8.47	7.05 3.56	3.77 2.29 6.23	1.42 8.51 1.56	4.92 2.89 3.88	8.51 11.54 5.30	2.27 1.75 4.57	1.95 2.20	3.66 6.90	1.78 4.64	12.22 18.26	9.85 17.94 10.74	7.88 10.85	9.41	50.42
Mean ..	2.37	8.81	8.17	5.30	4.10	2.16	8.90	6.78	2.86	2.08	5.28	3.21	12.57	12.84	10.22	9.39	45.02
FORT MONROE, VIRGINIA.
1836.... 1837.... 1838.... 1889.... 1840.... 1841.... 1842.... 1843.... 1844.... 1845.... 1846.... 1347.... 1848....	1.60 2.74 8.10 1.60 11.00 5.10 0.51 8.40 1.88 3.55 2.75 0.77	2.50 1.85 4.70 8.20 3.20 5.60 4.00 1.50 2.42 2.97 2.65 8.20	2.40 2.10 5.30 4.00 8.50 2.46 3.80 4.50 1.20 3.83 5.05 8.18	0.90 2.80 3.70 5.90 6.30 5.50 8.10 1.41 2.48 8.28 1.86 1.89	2.20 1.10 5.50 5.91 4.20 4.70 6.20 2.92 7.70 4.36 8.62 3.68	3.50 4.50 4.80 11.10 8.60 9.50 2.20 4.85 6.06 4.67 4.07 1.07	6.80 2.00 2.40 4.50 18.50 8.61 18.50 3.70 8.58 8.26 5.27 3.47 4.19	5.20 7.50 1.15 14.20 5.50 8.90 8.80 8.60 8.00 9.98 2.48 • 8.93 8.47	0.81 5.70 16.40 1.20 7.60 6.40 1.20 8.20 4.76 4.65 5.31 7.67 0.85	2.70 0.50 4.60 6.80 6.40 1.50 8.50 4.50 2 25 2.00 2.68 1.92 4.18	4 70 2.90 8.70 8.60 2.80 2.50 4.10 2.20 8.74 2.10 9.85 4.10 1.80	8.40 9.00 1.60 9.60 6.60 5.60 8.60 5.80 3.77 4.04 3.14 2.64 2.21	5.50 6.00 14.50 15.81 19.00 12.66 12.60 8.83 11.38 10.97 10.53 8.25	18.00 8.05 28.50 80.10 16.11 81.80 14.50 13.48 19.80 12.42 16.47 8.78	8.21 9.10 24.70 11.60 16.80 10.40 8.80 9.90 10.75 8.75 17.84 18.89 6.28	13.10 6.19 22.40 11.40 19.80 14.80 10.81 8.67 8.34 9.66 8.04 6.18	40.70 44.94 72.00 74.10 65.80 67.06 47.31 41.68 47.77 50.39 48.93 29.44
 
656
SERIES OF  MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  MEASUREMENTS OF  RAIN.
FORT MONROE, VIRGINIA—Continued.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	'Winter.	Year.
1649....	1.70	2.10	4.06	0.98	3.11	0.70	4.18	1.98	1.99	2.91	4.86	4.12	8.15	6.81	9.76	7.92	82.04
1850....	4.82	2.20	8.04	2.47	8.24	1.12	18.01	8.27	2.81	0.76	1.92	7.10	8.75	22.40	4.99	18.02	49.76
1851....	8.21	2.24	2.23	1.33	2.20	2.51	3.00	4.00	0.76	2.02	2.45	0.91	5.76	9.51	5.23	6.36	26.86
1852....	0.90	1.18	1.82	2.72	1.58	1.89	3.83	4.90	1.55	1.92	2.06	2.94	6.07	10.62	5.53	5.05	27.27
1853....	1.54	, 1.90	1.41	. 2.47	2.08	0.56	5.79	1.93	1.11	0.80	5.25	1.90	5.96	8.28	7.16	5.34	26.74
1854....	4.00	1.90	2.00	1.80	0.82	1.30	1.60	0.60	1.00	1.80	1.30	1.20	4.62	3.50	4.10	7.10	19.82
Mean. 1	3.48 8.26	3.01 2.74	8.74 3.33	3.01 2.80	4.17 3.64	4.41 3.78	6.10 5.56	6.29 5.70	4.68 3.93	3.61 2.82	8.58 8.41	4.81 4.17	10.92 9.77	16.80 15.08	11.87 10.16	11.80 10.17	50.89 45.18
    The measurements of rain at Fort Monroe for the last four years differ so widely from those of previous years as to lead to the inference that the gauge is de-
fective or that the observations were inaccurate. The first summary is of observations previous to 1851.

                                       FORT JOHNSTON, NORTH CAROLINA.
1844.... 1845....	8.40 1.85	1.50 2.00	4.00 2.99	0.70 0.48	1.57 3.94	3.28 1.61	8.48 1.93	7.90	9.86	2.42	4.04	2.95	6.27 7.41	19.61	16.32	7.85	50.05
	2.64	1.75	3.49	0.59	2.75	2.44	5.18	7.90	9.86	2.42	4.04	2.95	6.83	15.52	16.82	7.34	46.01
FORT MOULTRIE, SOUTH CAROLINA.
1842....											2.86	3.45					
1843....	2.07	2.09	10.52	0.02	2.38	3.24	5.54	7.76	5.89	0.65	0.55	2.61	12.92	16.52	6.59	6.77	42.80
1844....	2.66	1.69	4.07	1.20	1.87	1.51	4.85	4.82	6.05	0.91	3.40	1.45	7.14	10.68	10.36	5.80	33.98
1845....	8.42	0.95	1.95	0.10	6.53	2.19	6.05	5.90	2.60	7.55	0.20	6.07	8.58	14.14	10.35	10.44	43.51
1846....	4.97	8.51	5.50	3.85	1.90	3.25	4.60	9.05	3.20		0.33	1.35	10.75	16.90		9.83	
1847....	1.69	0.20	7.66	1.52	9.45	5.50	13.25	14.70	6.64	0.00	0.45	4.25	18.63	83.45	7.09	6.14	65.81
1848....	0.75	5.85	1.75	8.80	7.10	7.85	5.85	6.82	9.40	5.25	1.25	1.70	12.65	20.02	15.90	8.80	56.87
1849....	0.25	1.45	1.50	0.50?	4.60	2.60	7.60	10.80	4.70	3.99	0.71	1.08	6.60	21.00	9.40	2.78	39.78
1850....	2.95	2.88	6.01	2.59	4.10	0.78	2.32	4.08	2.68	0.88	1.99	4.64	12.70	7.18	5.55	10.42	35.80
1851....	8.67	2.51	1.93	1.65	0.63	8.25	8.57	5.89	0.29	1.28	8.84	1.10	4.21	22.74	4.91	7.28	39.11
1852....	0.51	1.21	4.35	2.96	4.17	8.86	5.43	4.15	11.70	1.20	2.12	4.60	11.48	18.44	15.02	6.82	51.26
1853....	1.90	2.80	3.80	1.06	2.58	1.55	10.88	2.20	8.10	4.05	4.89	2.39	6.89	14.63	17.04	7.09	45.65
1354....	8.80	2.84	0.25	2.20	3.70	4.20	5.69	3.82	9.24	1.12	1.16	1.74	6.15	18.71	11.52	8.38	39.76
Mean ..	2.89	2.83	4.06	1.75	4.08	4.15	6.72	6.58	5.83	2.44	1.79	2.80	9.89	17.45	10.06	7.52	44.92
AUGUSTA ARSENAL, GEORGIA.
1844....					0.57	1.41	1.24	0.53	2.34	0.27	1.88	1.76		8.18	4.49		
1845....	1.90	0.62	0.78	0.05	1.07	1.20	0.35	2.62	0.53	3.51	0.50	6.00	1.90	4.17	4.54	8.52	19.13?
1846....	3.59	4.25	8.60	2.89													
Mean...	2.74	2.43	4.69	1.47	0.82	1.30	0.79	1.57	1.43	1.39	1.19	8.88	6.78	8.66	4.51	8.05	23.00
 
SERIES  OF  MONTHLY  AND ANNUAL  MEASUREMENTS  OF RAIN.
657
OGLETHORPE BARRACKS,  GEORGIA.
	Jan.	Feb. 2.03 1.10 0.05 4.70 3.03	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	.Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
is:3.... 1S44 .. 1845..-.. 1846.... 1850....	1.27 3.61 2.85 6.54		12.51 S.77 2.21 5.06 7.00	0.84 3.07 0.20 3.72 6.72	2.01 2.47 5.30 1.36 6.00	5.69 8.19 2.37 5.81 1.20	5.33 13.92 2.80 7.08 14.80	7.16 4.10 9.94 6.44 12.67	1.54 6.08 2.21 7.17 3.37	0.60 0.57 5.94 0.70	0.96 2.7S 0.22 0.80	3.57 2.90 8.96 3.27	15.36 14.31 7.71 10.14 19.72	IS.18 26.21 15.11 19.33 28.67	3.10 9.43 8.37 4.87	4.26 7.61 6.06	40.90 57.56 38.05
Mean ..	3.57	2.18	7.11	2.91	3.43	4.65	8.79	8.06	4.07	1.95	1.19	3.42	13.45	23.50	7.21	9.17	53.33
FORT MARION,  ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA.
1844.... 1S45.... 1S46.... 1861.... 1852....	1.94 1.98 4.13 0.32	1.00 0.50 4.32 1.71 0.59	4.71 2.05 1.67 0.93	1.26 0.60 1.70 2.63	2.97 2.63 1.77 0.64	2.18 0.59 6.28 8.01	2.37 4.11 3.23	2.6S 3-38	7.13 4.81 5.60	0.49 6.06 0.71	0.73 0.43 2.72	1.55 3.08 1.60	8.94 5.28 5.14 4.25	8.13 14.62	8.35 11.31 9.03	4.49 5.56	29.91
Mean ..	2.09	1.63	2.34	1.56	2.00	4.27	3.24	3.03	5.85	2.42	1.29	2.08	5.90	10.54	9.56	5.80	31.80
FORT SHANNON, FLORIDA.
1841*... 0.49 1842....' 0.43 1843.... 1.87	1.30 2.84 3.79	6.17 1.02 14.28	3.60 1.70 2.12	2.00 4.49 2.09	8.45 5.87 5.31	5.80 10.55 5.70	11.82 6.30 5.18	6.50 4.99 1.50	4.29 4.67 2.39	2.56 1.97 0.23	1.65 0.84 1.76	11.77 7.21 15.39	25.57 22.72 16.19	13.25 11.63 4.17	3.44 4.11 7.42	54.13 45.67 43.17
Mean .. 0.93	2.64	7.16	2 47	2.86	6.54	7.35	7.60	4.38	3.78	1.60	1.42	12.49	21.49	9.71	4.99	48.63
* January and February at Fort Hied, a few miles distant.

 FORT PIERCE,  (CAPRON,) FLORIDA.
: S53 .		0.42	1.73	0.63	1.14	2.75	7.23	4.47	3.15	2.46			3.50	14.45			
			3.05	4.80	1.30	6.85	8.00	4.30	7.00	0.60	1.82	2.30	9.15	19.15	9.42		
	5 00	2.20	5.15	2.45	4.55	29.35	2.50	13.50	17.50	10.00	3.41	0.75	12.15	45.35	41.00	7.98	106.48
1S54.... 1S55....	3 55 4.81	8.40 2.56	1.05 2.80	7.00 1.14	5.70 5.54	6.63	4.97	2.63	3.80	5.47	1.41	1.63	13.75 9.49	14.23	10.18	8.63	46.79
Mean ..	4.45	2.72	3.01	3.85	4.27	14.23	5.16	6.81	9.27	5.36	2.21	1.59	11.13	26.25	16.84	8.76	62.98
The first quantities given for 1853 are at Xeu.- Smyrna, and are not included in the summary.

                      KEY  WEST, FLORIDA.
837.... 183S___	1.83 0.05	0.92 0.05	0.75 0.00	2.42 0.02	5.35 0.82	1.68 4.86	1.65 1.15	7.50 3.05	5.80 3.47	6.05 0.40	8.05 5.75	1.65 0.87
1844....		1.23	0.13	0.05	1.86	7.13	1.26	2.63	8.50	14.07	0.44	1.28
	4.42	0.14	3.67	2.06	4.83	6.07	5.00					
							2.02	8.88	8.93	4.18	0.01	2.10
1850--- 1351....	2.40	0.88	1.50	1.80	5.82	9.24	3.24	6.80	14.00	9.45	2.30	2.64
 8.52
 0.84
 1.54
10.10

 8.62
10.83
 9.06
11.02
19.28
14.90
 9.62
23.01

 7.32
25.75
4.40
0.97
2.51
5.92
38.65
20.49
38.08
59.57
89 
C58
nEUIES  OF  MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL MEASUREMENTS OF RAIN.
KEY WEST, FLORIDA—Continued.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	Mav.	June.	July.	August.	Sopt.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer,	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1552 ...	1.52	8.07	8.71	2.17	0.4',	8.51	6.16	6.03	6.22	4.13	8.00	3.41	11.81	20.70	13.40	S.90	54.1-1
353....	2.SO	0.33	12.C6		0.94	13.11	2.33	5.02	4.39	1.69	1.0S	0.89		25.46	7.16	4.01	
1554....	1.77	2.55	0.51	2.99	3.14	4.54	3.45	5.83	9.70	4.73	0.23	8.45	6.64	13.32	14.6S	12.77	47.91
1S55....	8.94	0.83 1.33	2.57 4.21	0.24 1.55	8.55	4.47							6.66				
Mean...	2.SO				2.53	S.29	3.35	4.95	7.79	6.3S	1.13	3.13	8.34	16.59	15.35	7.37	47.65
    A register of the fall of rain at Key West wa3 kepi by W. A. White.ieal, esq., and A. Oor.loa, esq., collectors of customs, for 1834, 1835, 1837, and 183S, giving
for those years 36.1, 30.1, 3S.7, and 20.5 inches respectively. Two of these years are given in the table to show the characteristic deficiency in the winter months—
they are not included in the summary.
                                                    FORT MYERS,  FLORIDA.
1351....	7.61	3.33	2.09	4.57	2.71	13.51	7.35	3.61	8.01	1.66	0.53	1.50	9.37	29.47	10.22	12 49	61.55
1352....	1.54	1.00	11.77	5.70	3.25	18.13	12.02	7.60	9.51	0.40	0.93	2.34	20.72	87.75	10.92	4.53	74.27
1S53....	4.29	1.60	2.52	2.20	1.79	25.53	6.35	10.33	22.10	1.49	0.79	3.55	5.51	42.31	24.47	9.44	S2.73
1854....	1.15	4.73	0.20	2.75	5.65	6.75	9.7(1	9.93	1.51	0.35	0.45	1.05	8.60	26.85	2.80	7.50	44.75
1355....	3.20	0.55	6.40	0.50	3.00	10.2:)	6. SO						9.90				
1S.'>5....	5.60	1.72			3.53	8.33											
Mem...	3.90	2.10	4.6 J	3.14	3.33	14.59	S.-15	7.S7	10.29	0.93	0.69	2.26	11.07	80.91	11.96	8 32	62.26
FORT  BROOKE, FLORIDA.
1840....	2.60	1.C0	3.20	1.90	S.S5	6.72	24.52	23.40	7.75	4.80	4.56	0.56	13.95	54.64	17.11	4.1G	89. S6
1841....	0.83	2.54	2.80	0.30	0.30	8.95	10.60	8.10	5.61	3.31	3.10	2.40	3.40	27.65	12.02	5.82	48.69
1842....	0.30	2.S3	0.10	2.70	2. SO	2.90	11.00	12.50	4.00	3.20	2.00	1.63	5.60	26.40	9.20	4.70	45.96
1S43....	3.37	5.70	7.20	1.30	2.00	6.90	8.61	6.60	9.90	2.60	0.80	1.30	10.50	22.11	13.30	10.37	56.28
1844....	1.10	3.30	1.80	0.10	5.50	4.70	7.70	15.77	3.50	2.20	3.10	2.90	7.40	23.17	8.80	7.30	51.67
1345....	3.SO	0.15	0.40	0 20	4.03	4.51	12.30	8.23	12.69	2.14	1.00	3.61	4.63	25.04	15.83	7.56	53.06
1S4G....	3.01	4.97	7.73	2.93	4.44	8.17	8.80	9.03	1.33	3.11	0.18	0.50	15.10	26.00	4.62	8.43	54.20
1S47....	2.24	3.25	4.38	1.61	1.00	4.03	7.22	4.80	10.23	2.01	0.28	4.50	6.99	16.60	12.52	9.99	46.10
1S4S....	0.86	0.21	0.05	1.23	2.80	10.59	21,31	14.80					3.58	46.70			
1S49....							S.74	6.32	3.55	1.74	0.77	1.13			6.06		
1S50....	1.44	5.92	8.50	1.65	3.98	2.05	11.98	5.43	2.71	2.S9			9.13	19.46			
1351....					2.C3	6.57	3.18	6.35	G.93	1.S5	2.10	3.00		16.10	10.88		
1552....	0.95	0.85	6.40	3.05	3.06	13.20	10.95	14.30	10.00	0.80	3.20	3.00	12.51	33.45	13.50	4.SO	69.26
	4.55	1.00	3.85	0.75	0.30	9.09	4.12	4.67	4.30	1.70	2.90	7.38	4.40	17.83	8.96	13.53	44.77
1S54....	8.S3	6.89	2.44	8.82	6.21	9.44	15.53	11.23	4.68	1.77	1.75	4.85	17.47	30.20	8.20	15.57	77.44
1S55....	2.84	2.S3	3.89	0.75	1.77	7.07							6.41				
Mean ..	2.20	3.01	8.37	1.95	3.24	7.04	11.10	10.10	6.23	2.49	2.00	2.83	8.56	28.24	10.63	S.ti4	55.47
FORT  MEADE, FLORIDA.
1S51....				
1S52....	0.69	0.27	2.08	o
1853....	1.22	0.155	0.99	0
1S54....	1.80	2.21	1.85 1.64	3
Mean ..	1.07	1.01		1
2.13
0.08
3.19
 3.00
 2.31
 0.15
10 57

 5.34
 5.67
11.71
 3.54
 7.24

 7.79
5.73	6.47	7.67	2.04	1.28	2.37		20.87	10.99	
11.41	6.35	6.60	1.32	0.15	1.32	6.52	29.47	8.07	2.2S
4.52	2.-:9	2.12	0.31	0.73	1.67	1.17	10.45	8.21	3.44
8.55	10.20	2.99	2.34	0.02		15.61	25.99	5.25	
7.56	6.35	4.85	1.50	0.56	1.79	8.76	20.63	6.91	3.S7
 
SERIES  OF  MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEASUREMENTS  OF RAIN.                 659
CEDAR KEYS, FLORIDA.
FORT BARRANCAS, PENSACOLA, FLORIDA.
FORT MITCHELL* ALABAMA.
1836....!  ........  !  ....
1837....'  2.29   5.52    4.61
6.70
6.30   7.08
2.10
1.40
2.40
6.17
0.64
1.81
0.11
3.86
14.65
4.61
 * On the Coosa river, near Montgomery, latitude 32° 25'.

MOUNT VERNON ARSENAL, ALABAMA.
Jan.		Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn,	Winter.	Year.
1840...	| ....						1.10	15.05	6.30	1.70	3.'X>	1.02			11.30		
1841...	4.70	1.80	3.40	1.40	1.00	11.50	3.10	10.50	4.00	5.60	5.10	2.10	5.SO	25.10	14.70	8.00	54.20
1842 ..	0.90	8.80	0.20	1.40	0.80	1.80	8.00	10.10	4.60	4.10	1.10	2.90	2.40	19.40	9.SO	12.60	44.2H
Mean .	I 2.80	5.30	1.80	1.40	O.90	6.40	4.07	11.83	4.97	3.80	3.17	2.01	4.10	22.35	11.94	10.11	43.50
1S42... 1S43.... 1844.... 1S45.... 184G.... 1547.... 1351.... 1S52.... 1853.... 1854.... 1S55....	2.54 5.76 4.17 3.23 4.78 3.50 0.97 4.15 3.45 1.09	2.77 0.91 1.16 10.46 8.93 8.03 3.40 6.SO 5.55 1.44	7.85 7.78 5.00 5.SO 10.95 0.60 4.S2 7.21 2.86	5.86 1.98 0.42 6.34 5.85 4.52 0.51 0.50 1.00	0.70 5.52 3.69 8.90 4.20 4.00 3.47 1.92	13. C4 5.11 1.37 0.96 4.51 3.39 4.21	12.29 4.95 7.67 3.46 14.48 1.11 8.02 3.SO 5.43	1.43 7.04 6.59 10.62 6.15 16.25 2.95 6.81	13.04 5.S7 2.61 2.65 1.66 0.05 12.25 3.47	2.30 1.46 1.99 0.43 1.10 7.14	6.46 5.78 11.57 2.93 4.73 8.39 7.80 0.76	2.18 6.30 2.09 4.14 2.36 2.54 3.51 1.25 3.74	14.41 15.28 9.11 25.70 9.32 9.33 11.18 5.78	25.03 19.37 S.22 11.26 15.63	21. SO 13.11 10.17 7.S6 9.55 11.37	9.61 S.76 9.47 21.10 24.07 7.S3 12.20 12.64	62.16 59.5S 50.82
Mean...	3.S7	4.95 1 5.37		2.94	4.05	4.66	6.80	7.23	5.25	2.41	6.05	2.90	12.S6	15.69	13.71	11.72	50.93
1340....						__	__			5.73	1.70	2.69			......		
1S41....	12.84	4.S6	9.28	4.65	7.23	4.60							21.16				
1843...	3.31	5.90	9.22	5.17	0.72	16.67	6.11	2.18	3.49	5.04	6.27	11.80	15.11	24.96	14.80	21.51	76.38
1S41 ...					5.92	9.3S	5.03	8.29	0.93	2.90	10.57	2.54		22.70	14.15		
1S45....	11.30	8.37	4.52	1.79	2.54	2.19	2.73	6.48	5.40	11.87	4.99	6.34	8.85	11.40	22.26	26.01	68.52
1346....	6.82	5.31	5.63	11.51	5.49	5 57	9.42	4.74	2.12	0.40	3.75	4.63	22.63	19.73	6.27	16.73	65.80
1517....	6.83	7.70	6.45	3.77	3.94	4.05	11.92	7.39	5.85	0.42	4.10	9.01	14.16	23.86	10.37	23.54	71.43
1543....	8.90	5.17	3.50	2.78	2.15	6.35	3.10	4.39	2.99	1.54	7.94	5.74	8.43	13.84	12.47	14.81	49.15
1849...	2.89	2.44	1.36	3.03	6.11	9.25	14.56	11.15	0.65	13.00	10.54?	4.22	10.53	34.96	24.19	9.55	79.23
1S50	9.49	4.81	2.C9	4.22	6.72	2.01	6.44	5.13	0.15	0.85	2.32	5.22	13.03	12.5S	3.32	19.62	48 ..55
1S51....	3.89	7.26	0.77	1.14	3.44	5.35	1.84	8.63	4 42	2.07	6.99	2.91	5.35	15.8S	13.4S	14.06	4S.77
1352....	1.92	1.95	1.52	0.24	6.75	1.50	1.92	9.64	0.70	2.40	9.74	7.15	14.51	13.12	12.84	11.02	51.49
1S53*...	11.18	8.10	16.45	6.59	5.34	2.00	12.64	8.95	11.09	8.44	2.70	13.09	23.38	23.59	22.23	32.37	106.57?
1554....	11.01	12.83	6.22	1.98	4.45	6.72	6.13	2.29	6.S2	0.81	2.34	0.73	12.63	15.84	9.97	24.57	62.51
Mean ..	6.80	6.04	4.59	4.21	4.62 ected fro	6.14	6.30	6.40	3.0)	3.92	6.18	5.25	13.42	IS. 84	13.15	18.09	63.50
*Th	e measur	ements fc	r this ye	ir are rcj		m the sui	nmary fo	r interna	1 evidenc	e of erro	r, as well	as by the	amount	in -eomps	rison wit	h other y	ears.
 
660
SERIES  OF MONTHLY AND ANNUAL  MEASUREMENTS OF  RAIN.
PASS CHRISTIAN AND EAST PASCAGOULA, MISSISSIPPI.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.		Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1843... 1S44.... 1345.... 1849... 1S50.... 1551.... 1552.... 1853....		...			2.25 8.85	1.44 1.85	8.70 7.99 2.70 6.14 6.04 10.72	2.39 4.61 5.94 1.76 5.-32 8.54 3.61	11.19 0.22 2.12 1.08 5.83 0.65 6.83	2.39 1.54 4.82	1.88		...		12.90 16.43	8.77		.....
Mean ..					5.55	1.65	7.05	4.60	8.98	2.92					13.25			
FORT WOOD, LOUISIANA.
1843 ... 1844.... 1845.... 1346....	4.85 5.42 6.45	0.41 1.2S 3.94	3.48 5.85 10.61	1.50 0.39 1.42 18.17	0.22 5.31 7.31	18.24 1.S9 0.95	8.61 4.28 4.01	2.04 8.11 3.78	5.66 1.50 5.24	2.39 4.06 10.49	6.77 10.68	6.42 1.83	9.18 14.08	28.89 14.28 8.74	14.82 16.24	7.14	46.34
Mean ..	5.57	1.S8	6.48	5.37	4.28	7.03	5.63	4.64	4.13	5.65	5.82	4.15	16.13	17.30	15.60	11.60	60.63
NEW ORLEANS BARRACKS, LOUISIANA.
							FORT PIKE,		LOUI	SIANA							
1348....			....	4.26	1.55	29.56	18.22	6.01	15.26	4.14	6.49	7.81		53.79	25.89		
1S44....	4.03	0.83	3.50	0.86	9.52	1.18	5.76	3.31	1.61	3.30	7.14	3.25	13.88	10.25	12.05	8.08	44.26
1845....	4.42	2.23	3.65	0.99	2.69	0.73	1.40					8.30	7.33				
1846....	8.40	4.19	14.25	13.75						....							
Mean ..	5.62	2.41	7.13	4.98	4.59	10.49	3.46	4.66	8.43	3.72	6.81	4.62	16.70	23.61	18.96	12.65	71.92
1839....	8.10	3.40	2.19	2.10	2.02	3.11	9.86	4.80	0.12	2.40	3.92	4.40	6.31	17.77	6 44	15.90	46.42
1840....	0.11	2.01	1.09	SAO	4.80	7.10	5.60	3.10	1 80	7.80	5.55	2.22	8.99	15.80	15.15	4.34	44.28
1S41....	19.50	5.10	6.90	5.10	1.70	3.10	0.89	3.41	2.87	2.41	0.11	9.44	13.70	7.40	5.39	34.04	60.53
1842....	4.21	3.51	2.71	5.20	1.12	1.13	4.52	7.40	4.80	1.50	3.25	1.70	9.03	13.05	9.55	9.42	41.05
1848....	4.00	8.80	5.81	2.67	0.45	14.57					1.93	6.02	8.43			13.82	
1844....	4.41	0.78	3.90	0.53	3.16	2.75					7.78	1.35	7.59	15.35	9.54	6.49	38.97
1S45....	6.24	1.19	5.16	1.99	8.06	3.20			....	....		....	15.21				
1846 ...			7.88	10.70	5.38*	1.85*	8.86					....	24.96				
1847....	7.71	8.77	8.40	4.63	4.80	3.43	5.06	6.81	2.83	0.75	2.59	7.73	12.83	15.30	6.17	19.21	53.51
1S4S ...	5.42	1.28	1.97	8.92	4.75	9.36	7.79	8.37	0.80	2.31	8.83	1.86	10.64	25.52	11.94	8.56	56.66
1349....	8.55	2.45	2.83	2.43	8.01	3.79	11.09			....			13.27				
1850....	7.40	4.53	2.27	4.10	6.20	8.92	6.31		....	0.96	1.58	3.46	12.57			15.39	
1851....	3.82	8.18	1.20	3.49						8.70	9.00	2.69				9.69	
1852 ...	0.80	1.45	4.24	5.25						2.83	7.00	5.30				7.55	
1S53....	3.20	4.20	7.38	1.88	2.80	1.86			....				12.06				
Mean ..	5.61	2.90	3.90	3.29	4.10	4.97	6.66	5.65	2.20	2.74	4.68	4.20	11.29	17.28	9.62	12.71	50.90
* Incomplete measurements. 
SERIES OF MONTHLY AND  ANNUAL MEASUREMENTS OF RAIN.             661
						BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA.											
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1843....	2.00	2.39	0.54	3.08	2.78	7.62	8.20	2.57	9.16	2.5?	4.28	9.81	12.40	18 39	16.02	14.26	61.07
1S44....	5.40		3.10	0.50	3.30	3.50	3.70	5.60	1.10	8.60	7.06	2.20	6.90	12.80	11.76		
1845....	4.90	1.80	5.90	4.80	3.10	4.40	6.40	2.30	3.60	3.10	5.00	5.80	13.80	13.10	11.70	12.00	50.00
1846....	4.80	5.70	12.30	17.20	13.20	16.00	14.40	15.90	5.20	0.80	6.20	4.70	42.70	46.50	12.20	15.20	116.60
1847....	11.60					2.30	3.30	4.20									
1848....						8.00	11.80	12.10	0.50	1.38	6.60	7.60		32.50	8.68		
1S49....	3.20	6.20	1.30	2.50			10.92	5.38	2.24	6.00	5.08	2.50			13.27	11.90	
1850....	16.02	7.45	3.13	9.40	4.19	9.01	4.2S	3.75	3.53	1.03		9.28	16.72	17.04		33.37	
1851....	0.97	5.27	1.54	2.26	1.42	2.06	2.63	7.96	0.59	2.32	8.91	5.30	5.22	12.70	11.82	11.60	41.34
1862....	1.56	6.73	2.19	S.29	6.08	1.33	5.64	2.26	3.30	2.81	9.32	3.95	16.56	9.23	15.43	12.24	53.46
1353....	4.48	4.19	4.67	0.57	4.55	2.05	11.18	4.93		1.35		5.00	9.79	18.16			
1854....	2.85	5.50	6.15	3.58	8.05	4.00	6.55	7.41	9.88	4.38	0.45	1.S2	17.78	17.96	14.71	10.17	60.62
Mean...	5.26	4.91	4.68	5.22	5.13	5.52	7.42	6.20	3.91	2.67	5.90	5.23	15.08	19.14	12.48	15.40	62.10
						FORT		JESUP	, LOUISIANA.			i					
1836....	7.05	3.82	5.73	5.53	3.93	5.10	3.09	4.29	4.43	2.53	1.40	3.43	15.24	12.43	8.33	13.80	49.85
1837....	1.75	2.08	8.69	1.62	2.55	2.81	4.20	4.27	9.11	7.32	0.30	4.84	12.86	11.28	16.73	8.67	49.54
1838....	5.S2	2.60	4.60	10.80	5.32	1.50	0.67	3.55	0.51	3.85	2.40	5.60	20.72	5.72	6.76	14.02	47.22
1839....	3.72	7.40	3.71	2.50	4.10	2.60	6.23	1.40	0.20	5.10	4.20	4.20	10.31	10.23	9.50	15.32	45.86
1840....	3.40	1.96	2.41	3.25	2.90	6.95	5.18	0.85	1.67	1.44	3.18	3 93	8.56	12.98	6.29	9.29	37.12
1841....	7.83	0.06	5.89	2.98	5.93	15.70	0.45	5.60	2.54	6.11	0.67	2.19	14.80	21.75	9.32	10.08	55.95
1842....	2.86	5.79	4.03	5.59	1.40	1.64	3.90	3.17	4.41	2.52	2.86	3.71	11.02	8.71	9.79	12.36	42.27
1843....	2.20	1.41	3.25	5.60	4.42	3.30	7.66	1.34	2.64	5.79	8.30	7.08	13.27	12.30	16.73	10.69	52.99
1844....	4.10	1.20	5.30	6.60	3.05	5.11	1.77	2.24	2.83	2.81	3.87	2.54	14.95	9.12	9.51	7.84	41.42
1845....	8.32	1.80	3.55	4.12	4.43	1.43	0.50?		1.90?	0.60?	2.50	2.80	12.10 13.63			12.92	
Mean ..	4.70	2.76	5.02	4.86	3.80	4.61	3.36	2.97	3.02	3.80	2.92	4.03		10.94	9.74	11.49	45.85
				FORT TOWSON, INDIAN					TERRITORY.							
					5.90	1.30	2.33	3.70	6.20	2.80	1.40	9.50	12.70			
1.00	1.60	6.00	2.50	6.30	6.10	7.00	1.10	5.40	3.10	2.10	1.60	14.80	14.20	10.60	4.20	43.60
4.20	2.10	1.60	1.90	6.70	0.70	2.10	3.70	0.30	2.80	5.40	2.90	10.20	6.50	8.50	9.20	34.40
7.10	1.35	5.20	1.60	7.50	17.50	6.40	5.10	2.10	3.90	7.00	1.80	14.30	29.90	12.00	9.75	66.00
4.40	3.00	3.70	13.60	2.30	1.60	4.80	3.00	6.20	8.60	3.00	1.50	19.60	9.40	17.80	8.90	55.70
3.60	0.20	7.30	3.20	3.30	7.00		3.50	6.50	9.90	9.20	8.30	18.80		25.60	12.10	
2.70	7.50	7.40	10.30	8.80	14.20	4.70	4.00	4.00	1.85	2.06	5.85	2\50	22.90	7.91	10.05	73.36
2.78	0.25	3.35	7.10	9.26	1.91	4.40	5.72	4.40	6.56	9.37	0.80	19.71	12.03	20.33	3.83	55.90
3.45	2.08	4.56	10.38	3.25	2.66	5.35	7.96	1.30	2.77	1.73	1.05	18.19	15.97	5.SO	6.53	46.54
3.00	0.70	5.73	3.49	5.17	6.35	0.00	3.C6	2.48	4.90	1.19	1.81	14.39	9.61	7.57	5.51	37.08
3.20	2.75	2.CO	5.99													
					6.21	10.76	3.57	2.54	3.66	2.91	6.17		20.54	9.11		
4.03	4.07	2.85	4.79	2.04	5.06	3.29	4.39	2.66	5.19	6.21	5.07	9.68	12.73	14.06	13.17	49.64
1.70	11.09	2.G6	2.52	6.33	5.04		7.34	0.01	1.13 4.88	3.69 4.84	0.77	11.51		4.88		
1.72	2.90	3.S3	4.99	9.09	0.90	5.38	0.49	6.11	3.40	1.97	1.27	17.96	6.77	11.48	5.S9	42.10
1.C1	2.00	5.10	2.22													
8.13	2.97	4.38	5.33	5.84	5.78	4.62	8.9G	3.41	4.59	4.23	2.84	15.55	14.36	12.28	8.94	51.08
 
662
SERIES   OF  MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  MEASUREMENTS  OF   RAIN.
FORT  WASHITA, INDIAN  TERRITORY.
FORT  SMITH,  ARKANSAS.
1887...
1888...
1839...
1840...
1841...
1842...
1843...
1844...
1345...
1846...
1847..
1848...
1840..
1850...
1852..
1853..
1854..
0.60	0.20
1.45	0.77
1.70	2.65
1.36	
3.82	9.99
1.51	0.26
1.80	8.53
2.29	1.20
1.93	2.27
0.98	1.73
2.83	1.00
4.35
2.87
0.93
1.37
1.76
0.E5
1.99
2.05
0.80
4.75
0.80
1.44
1.13
2.29
2.41
5.05
1.52
5.56
8.74
4.65
1.55

1.10
7.05
2.17
 2.40
 2.05
 8.50
 1.49
 4.76
 5.49
14.28
 1.96
 5.48
 3.22
 5.64
 8.45
 5.28

 0.99
 6.55
8.85
4.50
1.75
4.43
3.28
4.83
4.85
3.12
8.67
5.65
3.80
5.92
8.40
3.12

5.01
6.25
8.91	5.00
1.50	8.95
8.50	2.42
1.90	7.41
6.58	0.80
4.39	2.08
6.80	3.26
1.10	1.37
2.85	0.51
7.00	1.71
5.95	11.18
4.90	5.23
6.79	7.90
3.27	
4.58	4.96
2.45	2.75
2.26	1.02
4.74	3.S2
0.20
1.95
5.55
0.67
7.17
2.63
2.37
0.52
9.14
5.58
6.40
2.35
1.95
6.90
1.10
4.45
6.54
8.82
1.62
3.42
2.08
1.60
4.75
0.76
0.90
1.65
1.40
4.00
7.17
7.91
8.72
0.78
2.14
2.01
2.90
2.30
1.26
3.80
2.00
3.94    3.90    4.
2.58  j  3.20  |  0.73
0.88  !  3.53    2.S5
 3.50
 4.80
 2.18
 2.96
12.57
 0.90
 3.51
 0.91
 1.13
 2.14
 7.05
 3.55
 3.70

 4.05
 1.85
 1.63
3.01
3.43
3.49
2.80
1.50
1.55
2.76
4.70
2.36
2.07
0.80
1.06
5.40
1.15
4.45
5.94

1.62
0.76
2.54
2.53
14.11
 7.70
 8.55
13.73
 6.21
10.22
12.63
19.81
10.68
12.65
12.58
15.30
21.50
 9.95

 7.10
19.85
11.80
 7.40
16.47
 9.98
14.05
 9.10
12.43
 2.99
11.25
14.29
23.53
12.48
16.64

13.48
 7.73
 4.16
12.48 i  13.03
 9.90
13.80
15.41
25.11
 3.30
 9.07
 5.00
 5.63
 9.19
 9.07
 8.25
 7.35
12.84
 5.78
 8.01
9.93
 2.30
 3.77
 7.11

16.17
 3.84
 5.13
 4.55
 9.60
 3.86
 8.33
12.05
6.66
I	Jan.	Feb. 1	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1843....	.... 1	.... !	.... 1					0.60	8.61	3.80	7.56	1.85			19.97		
1844...	1.77	2.87	4.35	5.05	4.59	4.43	2.76	1.07	2.25	3.SO	2.29	0.17	13.99	8.86	8.84	4.81	86.00
1845....	1.35	0.66	5.48	5.04	4.50	2.62	0.33	4.12	2.65	3.65	2.40	1.90	15.02	7.07	8.70	S.91	34.70
1846....	4.40	2.73	2.50	3.24	4.70	10.23	1.14	2.30	9 60	2.35	3.55	3.01	10.44	13.07	15.50	10.14	49.75
1847....	1.23	4.10	3.61	1.60	3.05	3.09	6.55	5.85	2.40	0.41	4.05	0.86	8.26	15.49	7.4!>	6.24	37.45
1848....	1.38	1.54	1.70	7.91	1.97	4.30	3.73	0.35	2.45	2.55	4.90	2.50	11.58	8.3S	9.90	5.42	35.28
1349....	2.65	2.65	2.69	6.96	14.61	4.00	13.40	4.00	3.74	4.42	2.50	2.67	24.66	21.40	10.66	7.97	64. ..9?
1850....	3.10	0.68	2.49	3.33	4.22	5.67	3.30	4.80	2.30	2.56	5.14	3.75	11.04	18.77	10.00	7.53	42.34
1851....	0.20	5.70	1.35	2.95	4.47	4.20	0.10	1.40	0.60	2.60	5.15	2.80	8.77	5.70	8.35	8.70	31.52
1852....	1.37	4.80	5.40	1.62	4.61	5.48	2.90	4.45	6.43	5.95	3.77	0.29	11.63	12.83	16.15	6.46	47.07
1853....	0.62	2.67	0.75	1.39	[ 7.30	2.29	4.48	0.95	4.28	3.50	0.80	1.43	9.44	7.72	8.58	4.72	30.46
1854....	0.01	3.80	5.53	4.21	11.73 1	9.17	0.59	1.E9	1.17	1.19	3.57	1.42	21.47	11.15	5.93	4.73	43.28
Mean ..	1.65	2.88	3.27	3.94	5.98	5.04	3.57	2.66	3.S7	3.06	8.S5	1.89	13.19	11.27	10.78	6.42	41.66
27.80
42.59
46.23

38.79
37.97
32.93
32.11
45.73
49.04
44.36
57.54
24.34
87.93
42.10
FORT  GIBSON, INDIAN  TERRITORY.
1886.
1887.
183S.
1889.
1S40.
1841.
1842.
1S43.
1844.
:-:45.
3.01
0.80
2.36
4.C3
8.23
1.10
7.40
0.7G
1.36
1.00
0.20
1.45
1.20
0.60
1.00
0.70
6.07
0.80
1.90
1.01
1.85
1.40
4.90
0.80
1.81
1.91
2.95
4.45	6.10
4.11	2.04
1.10	4.65
10.13	8.30
2.83	2.09
5.40	4.75
2.59	3.32
8.46	3.15
2.01	2.IS
3.10
2.46
0.80

7.10
1.41
2.60
2.30
0.64
1.45
5.90
0.50
1.06

0.84
2.56
3.65
8.18
1.93
1.63
8.04
G.72
0.52

0.81
2.43
0.60
2.11
0.76
1.44
3.05
0.52
2.36
9.10
8.50
4.50
1.81
2.15
3,28
3.49
2.08
3.30
2.82
1.40
3.91
8.15
1.20
1.94
0.87
0.85
1.20
0.40
1.92
2.50
2.00
1.20
2.60
0.90
0.C8
0.03
10.05
 6.81
 4.55
24.08
10.08
 9.80
 6.61
19.99
13.04
 9.06
 8.90

11.24
 6.06
11.CO
13. SO
 5.77
 5.26
13.17
10.54
 5.70

13.22
15.08
 3.61
 6.20
 4.91
 5.78
4.41
2.92
6.31
7.28
5.03
4.70
9.00
6.91
2.19
34.00
18.84

55.52
36.25
29.11
35.61
37.58
26.67 
SERIES  OF MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  MEASUREMENTS  OF  RAIN.
663
FORT GIBSON, INDIAN  TERRITORY—Continued.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	.\utunin	Winter.	Year.
1846....	1.02 *	1 1.54	1.79	8.04	4.60	6.92	0.70	1.40	4.76	0.67	2.53	4.88	9.43	9.02	7.96	7.44	33.85
1347....	0.10	2.12	1.42	3.10	1.35	3.88	1.89	1.78	0.95	3.10	8.85	1.06	5.87	7.55	7.40	3.28	24.10
1543....	1.05	0.20	3.12	5.21	4.52	4.50	6.98	0.00	0.35	5.25	1.90	4.65	12.85	11.48	7.50	5.90	37.73
1849....	2.19	0.8S	4.90	2.17	7.52	9.17	8.72	3.70	2.05	4.05	4.40	2.90	14.59	21.59	10.50	5.97	52.65
1S50....	1.40	3.17	4.91	4.73	0.37	4.58	1.00	3.00	0.35	3.75	4.75	8.00	10.00	8.58	8.85	7.57	35.00
1851....	0.50	10.42	1.50	0.50	3.20	6.45	1.25	1.15	3.14	9.35	7.10	7.70	5.20	5.85	19.59	18 82	52.46
1852....	1.53	5.67	2.24	2.95	6.72	5.85	6.12	4.99	4.38	5.50	4.91	0.74	11.91	16.96	14.79	7.99	51.65
1853....	0.32	2.27	1.06	3.52	6.65	1.60	0.76	4.72	1.35	1.13	1.30	0.70	11.23	7.08	3.78	3.79	25.68
1S54 ..	.0.30	1.43	7.33	3.16	7.67	2.80	0.21	0.33	0.68	1.58	2.. 06	0.77	18.63	3.34	4.32	2.50	23.52
Mean ..	1.S3	2.26	2.54	4.19	4.65	4.30	2.75	2.63	2.30	3.85	8.10	2. CO	11.38	9.68	9.25	6.15	86.46
FORT SCOTT, MISSOURI, (KANSAS.)
1843....	4.98	0.20	1.75	4.46	6.10	8.46	5.34	3.30	4.42	0.09	3.38	1.45	12.31	17.10	8.49	6.63	44.53
1844....	2.05	1.30	3.78	6.91	14.79	12.64	10.50	2.51	3.33	2.49	1.52	0.78	25.48	25.65	7.34	4.13	62.60
1845....	0.70	2.33	0.94	5.39	8.16	24.'6	4.57	7.18	3.35	3.05	0.97	0.39	14.49	36.31	7.37	3.42	61.59
1846....	1.27	0.92	1.61	2.64	1.76	7.03	1.17	3.09	5.53	2.56	2.97	3.49	6.01	11.C9	11.06	5.68	34.04
1847....	1.25	1.24	1.10	4.22	3.12	4.63	5.84	1.79	1.50	2.48	5.56	1.61	8.44	12.26	11.15	4.10	35.95
1848....	0.94	0.25	2.53	1.96	7.33	1.85	4.84	4.20	1.19	1.72	0.27	2.17	11.82	10.89	3.18	3.36	29.25
1849....	3.26	0.18	3.30	5.38	12.20	3.49	5.77	2.62	0.56	3.86	3.78	1.03	20.88	11.88	8.20	4.27	33.23
1850....	1.59	1.52	2.40	3.13	2.19	4.80	0.27	5.45	0.52	1.56	4.39	2.21	7.72	10.52	6.45	5.32	30.01
1851....	0.14	3.60	0.48	0.75	4.39	7.53	2.74	3.89	0.15	2.01	5.49	1.84	5.62	14.16	7.65	4.98	32.41
1852....	2.22	0.11	0.98	2.17	10.74	6.36	4.45	2.90	2.40	6.23	5.98	1.98	13.39	13.71	14.61	4.31	46.52
1853....	2.63	1.30	0.82														
Mean...	1.92	1.18	1.79	3.70	7.08	8.13	4.55	3.69	2.30	2.66	3.43	1.69	12 57	16.37	8.39	4.79	42.12
JEFFERSON  BARRACKS, MISSOURI.
1840....				
1341	2.08	1.03	4.58	4.39
1842....	0.44	3.46	2 93	2.02
1343....	2.27	1.75	2.30	4.52
1S44....	2.19	2.83	2.50	3.13
1345....	1.18	0.84	3.24	1.71
1S46....	3.60	1.02	1.73	4.83
1847....			8.12	
1848....	1.83	0.92	1.94	1.50
1S49....	3.41	0.87	2.77	1.53
1850....	1.65	3.22	4.66	5.02
1851....	0.40	5.05	1.86	2.80
1852....	8.34	1.73	7.19	1.39
1853....	0.57	1.51	0.85	3.53
1354....	1.90	8.25	6.90	3.40
Mean ..	1.91	2.04	3.32	3.06
1.95
4.31
3.01
7.27
3.25
3.50

2.58
2.00
3.46
3.97
8.12
3.52
6.93

4.18
 1.34
 5.81
 2.12
 5.40
 9.7S
 2.86
 4.10
 7.33
 5.85
 1.52
 5.64
11.85
 3.19
 4.19

 5.07
4.97
1.8S
1.77
2.60
5.23
3.89
0.45
4.47
4.01
7.70
2.95
4.65
2.72
6.90
0.96

3.67
12.25
 2.51
 1.90
 0.97
 0.71
 4.53
 2.09

 4.25
 4.72
 5.20
 7.06
 3.24
5.16
1.99
0.66
5.76
1.80
1.71
3.47
0.85
2.90
4.84
2.75
0.81
2.97
4.20
3.41
5.79	1.28	0.55
6.76	4.08	3.68
2.03	1.58	1.77
1.65	4.16	1.47
1.06	1.46	1.19
0.63	1.35	0.80
0.82	1.42	10.22 0.23
1.55	2.28	4.01
1.85	2.02	1.52
1.75	4.11	3.32
2.26	0.38	1.25
4.81	3.80	3.97
1.10	2.40	1.23
6.57	3.13	1.11
2.76	2.38	2.42
10.92
 9.76
 9.83
12.90
 7.30
 7.5S

 6.02
 6.30
13.14
 8.63
16.70
 7.90
17.28

10.56
 5.63
 9.43
 5.69
11.33
18.20
 5.40
15.59
18.27
 9.67 j
17.35
17.81
17.17
 6.62

12.88
12.23
12.83
 4.27
11.57
 3.32
 3.69
 5.71

 6.73
 8.71
 3.61
 3.45
11.5S
 7.70
13.11

 8.02
6.37
37. S? 
664
SERIES  OF  MONTHLY  AND ANNUAL  MEASUREMENTS  OF  RAIN.
ST. LOUIS ARSENAL, MISSOURI.
DETROIT BARRACKS, MICHIGAN.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn	Winter.	Year.
1836 . .							3.66	6.51	5.90	2.59	4.20	5.02			12.69 ......		
1S37....	0.70	1.08	3.43	1.40	3.00	2.77	4.07	3.10	2.88	1.15	1.60	1.70	7.80	9.94	5.63	2.48	25. S5
1S3>....	3.70	2.65	1.19	2.00	1.58	3.68	2.00	3.80	1.00	0.40	1.7S	0.80	4.77	9.48	3.18	6.74	24.17
1539....	1.43	2.40	2.30	8.14	7.40	7.21	5.19	1.50	2.40				12.84	13.90			
1840....	0.52	1.21	8.53							2.68	2.81	0.35				1.08	
1541....	1.14	0.11	5.70	3.57	1.20	3.93	3.63	1.95	2.50	7.43	5.45	3.03	10.47	9.51	15.88	4.28	39.64
1843....	1.94	1.30	2.29	4.64	4. £5	3.53	4.18	0.76	2.02	1.50	2.50	1.50	11.88	8.42	6.02	4.74	81.06
1S44....	4.83	3.76	3.22	5.57	11.03	7.54	8.10	1.47	0.03	2.68	0.50	2.33	19.82	17.11	3.21	10.97	51.11
1S45....	1.12	1.74	4.04	8.67	3.05	13.75	0 03	7.45	0.59	1.91	1.73	0.41	10.76	21.23	4.23	3.27	89.49
1846....	2.20	2.19	3.06	7.59	5.97	4.94	1.21	0.63	6.28	4.32	4 19	13.55	16.61	6.83	14.79	17.94	56.17
1S47....	1.79	3.09	4.34	8.25	5.95	11.47	5.30	0.74	2.S7	10.07	10.05	1.14	18.54	17.51	23.02	6.02	65.09
1S4S....	0.96	2.96	5.56	2.93	9.94	18.96	5.56	3.31	1.18	4.32	1.91	5.27	18.43	27.83	7.41	9.19	62.86
1349....	7.59	0.55	3.60	4.08	6.39	15.70	13.67	7.95	3.96	2.80	3.35	1.90	14.07	37.32	10.11	10.04	71.54
1850....	2.09	3.00	4.89	5.85	3.41	0.17	3.08	1.17	2.20	2.45	4.65	2.17	14.15	4.42	9.30	7.26	35.13
1S51....	0.28	7.31	1.75	3.30	2.26	3.81	1.39	6.40	0.68	1.51	2.80	2.96	7.31	11.60	4.99	10.55	84.45
1852....	1.21	1.48	8.00	2.54	4.44	7.82	1.08	2.12	1.14	4.73	2.75	2.90	14.98	11.02	8.62	5.59	40.21
1853....	0.58	2.13	0.90	3.68	2.85	3.60	4 15	4.95	3.60	1.10	0.85	0.85	7.43	12.70	5.55	3.06	2S.74
1854....	0.65	2.40	7.10	4.30	4 65	2.20	1.70	1.48	1.35	3.00	1.45	0.90	16.05	5.38	5.70	3.95	81.08
Mean ..	1.93	3.37	3.82	4.16	4.SS	6.94	4.00	3.15	2.33	3.23	3.10	1.99	12.86	14.09	8.71	6.29	41.95
1836....				4.05	4.61	5.10	5.12	1.47	8.78	2.08	1.24	1.55		11.69	12.10		
1S37....	1.65	0.30	8.30	1.55	1.42	3.10	2.40	3.25	2.30	2.65	4.35	0.95	6.27	8.75	9.30	2.90	27.22
1838....	4.20	1.00	0.55	4 25	2.00	6.56					1.95	0.15	4.80			5.35	29.84
1S39 ...	2.00	1.40	5.15	2.20	0.70	6.10	1.20	1 00	1.90	0.93	1.20	0.50	8.05	8.30	4.03	3.90	24.18
1340....	1.74	1.75	4.62	3.34	2.25	1.88	3.80	1.25	2.69	1.93	2.75	1.63	10.21	6.93	7.37	5 12	29.92
1341....	2.59	0.18	2.69	3.00	3 78	1.09	1.67	1.80	4.37	0.36	2.39	3.24	9 47	4.56	7.12	6.01	27.16
1342....	0.61	1.68	3.58	3.49	0.49	4.01	7.02	1.22	3.96	2.08	2 01	1 69	7.56	12.25	8.05	3.93	31.81
1S43....	1.91	1.99	1.85	2.05	3.16	5.36	2.35	1.46	2.20	1.90	1.30	2.07	7.06	9.20	5.40	5.98	27.64
1S44....	2.25	0.61	2.60	3.35	5.68	5.18	4.49	3.27	1.03	1.85	1.84	0.95	11.63	12.94	4.72	3.81	33.10
1545....	1.71	0.63	1.89	8.29	1.03	2.30	1.92	1.32	3.82	1.60	1 50	0.50	6.21	5.54	6.92	2.34	21.51
1846....	4.06	2.18	3.15	1.63	5.42	3.55						....	10.25				
1549 ...	2.81	1.01	2.57	2.90	2.10	3.96	2.85	4.35	3.25	6.00	1.82	0.90	7.57	10.66	11.07	4.19	33.49
1S50....	1.53	1.50	8.84	2 00	0.29	2.65	2.85	3.56	2.11	1.11	2.36	1.49	6.13	9.06	5.58	4.63	25.40
1551....	1.24	8.68	1.37	3.70	5.30								10.40				
Mean ..	2.IS	1.3S	2.86	2 92	2.73	3.91	3.'20	2.18	3.31	2.04	2.06	1.30	8.51	9.29	7.41	4.86	30.07
FORT GRATIOT, MICHIGAN.
1536___	
1537....	1 24
1S39....	
154"....	2.59
1341 ...	2.86
1543....	2.23
2.66  | 4.18

2.60   1.01
0.63   2.S7
2.11   4.13
			5.19	3.47	4.15	3.76	2.68	3.02
1.70	2.56							
			3.93	1.09	3.73	1.44	1.43	1.26
4.22	2.36	4.45	6.27	4.66	6.46	4.33	2.20	1.59
2.41	1.49	4.65	2.64	2.20	7.91	1.14	1.42	2.73
4.14	2.80	5.07	3.45	1.25	7.26	2.84	2.53	1.66
 7.59
 6.77
11.12
15.33
 9.49
 9.77
10.59

 6.60
12.99
10.47
12.63
6.78 ( 42.98
6.22  32.95
6.05 , 39.62 
SERIES OF  MONTHLY  AND ANNUAL  MEASUREMENTS  OF  RAIN.
665
FORT GRATIOT, MICHIGAN—Continued
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1513....	2.72	2.64	2.23	2.15	1.63	4.06	2.08	1.32	3.55	2.73	2.12	1.G3	COG	7.96	8.40	7.04	29.46
1544....	2.73	1.75	2.77	0.99	5.05	3.95	3.63	4 99	1.33	2.6S	2.43	1.39	8.81	12.57	6.49	5.S7	33.74
1345....	2.93	1.16	2.62	2 31	1.83	2.73	1.67	2.16	4.33	2.44	1.83	0.72	6.76	6.56	8.57	4.83	26.72
1546....	2.97	1.61	2.17	2.19	4.55	2.35							8.91				
1549....							1.80	4.70	1.12	4.20	0.96	1.66	......		6.23		
1550....	1.35	1.02	8.19	2.61	1.02	4.79	3.06	1.S0	1.73	1.01	2.19	1.93	6.42	9.65	4.93	4.35	25.75
1>5l....	1.11	1.77	1.25	2.51	5.36	1.50	3.33	3.56	3 46	2.64	3.23	2.06	9.12	8.39	9.35	4.91	31.77
1352....	1.2S	1.36	4.57	2 34	0.94								7.85				
Mean ..	2.19	1.76	2 82	2.51	2.69	3.74	3.37	2 88	4.10	2.66	2.10	1 SO	8 02	9.99	8.86	5.75	32.62
FORT MACKINAC, MICHIGAN.
1800....							2.81	1.92	2.48	2.81	2.47	1.34			7.76		
1^37___	1.75	1.09	1.70														
1:344___											1.45	1.19					
1345___	2.05	1.05	1.13	0.71	0.92	1.26	2.83	1.08	5.15	1.56	1 73	0.30	2.81	5.17	8.46	3.43	19.84
1316....	1.29	0.26	1.77	2.01	3.27	0.89	0.94	1.2S	1.43	1.13	2,14	1.20	7.05	3.11	4.70	2.75	17.61
1547....	1.23	0.31	1.16	1.43	4.03	2.97	2.18	1.52	3.40	0.34	3.10	0.5S	G.G7	6.97	6.84	2.67	23.15
1515....	1.30	0.82	0.83	1.33	2.16	....						....	4.35				
1319....	0.64	0.27	0.43	1.99	2.60	1.20	2.39	5.11	1.60	1.70	1.43	0.51	4.99	9.20	4.73	1.42	20.34
1850....	0.37	0.06	0.32	0.73	0.53	1.63	5.05	4.10	5.52	5.05	3.15	0.40	1.53	10.83	13.72	0.83	26.91
1351....	0.80	0.59	0.41	0.63	1.2-3	1.91	3.60	0.55	0.50	0.65	0.43	0.35	2.32	6.06	1.5S	1.74	11.70
1852....							2.52	0.70	1.40	3.94	0.63	3.46			5.97		
1553...	0.51	2.05	2.12	0.85	3.55	6.23	3.56	7.81	5.01	1.73	0.93	2.87	6 52	17.60	7.67	5.43	7.22
1534.. .	2.50	1.23	1.56	1.04	2.65	6.35	5.67	4.26	3.22	2.2S	3.66	0.9S	5.25	16.2S	9.16	4.80	35.49
Mean ..	1.25	0.82	1.14	1.21	2.32	2.SI	3.20	2.87	2.97	2.12	1.92	1.24	4.67	S.88	7.01	3.31	23.87
FORT BRADY, MICHIGAN.
130'!.
1537.
1508.
1539.
1340.
1541..
1542.
1843.
1344..
1345..
1346..
1517..
1348.
1550.
1851.
	1.05	1.15	2^.9 !
..J 2.64		0.32	1.13
...' 1.73		0.54	1.59
...	1.73	2.19	0.32
...	1.60	0.93	
	2.51	1.47	1.43
	2.07	1.06	0.03
	1.96	0.43	1.66
...	1.66	1.83	2.20
	1.01	0.94	2.51
	1.53	0.80	1.00
	1.92	1.83	0.97
	1.83	0.83	1.83
	2.74	1.23	0.S4
1.32	3.03
2.55	2.48
0.43	0.47
2.73	1.15
1.04	1.99
1.33	1.42
1.45	2.42
3.07	2.87
2.26	2.19
2.65	2.08
2.00	3.00
1.30	4.14
2.15	0.70
2.23	8.11
	5.51	2.36	6.30	2.93
3.06	4.62	5.15	4.97	4.13
2.52	2.84	6.37	4.49	3.70
4.07	1.53	2.33	4.29	4.25
2.16	2.93	4.63	5.46	3.57
2.13	2.41	1.05	4.40	1.10
3.77	2.81	1.06	3.50	2.56
8.14	2.53	0.41	3.00	5.72
4.26	2.24	4.93	4.81	2.13
1.43	4.36	3.94	2.64	3.95
0.95			4.13	3.90
3.35	3.79	8.83	5.71	1.20
2.92	8.15	4.09	4.90	4.00
2.91	5.99	8.67	4.S2	4.04
4.67
3.11
4.40
1.78
3.67
3.79
3.33
8.19
3.50
1.87
2.65
2.62

1.35
6.12
3.24	!		13.95		
1.89	7.19	18.43	12.21	4.09	86.92
0.88	6.21	11.73	12.59	3.84	34.37
0.70	2.79	7.93	10.32	2.97	24.01
2.53	4.20	9.74	12.70	6.45	33.09.
2.30		5.59	9.29	4.83	22.74
1.16	4.18	7.64	9.44	5.14	26.40
1.58	4.55	6.08	11.91	4.71	27.25
2.49	7.60	11.48	10.49	4.38	34.45
1.28	6.74	9.73	6.47	4.82	29.76-
2.00	7.19		10.68	8.95	
2.83	6.00 6.41	10.97	9.53	4.11	30.61)
2.91	4.63	15.16	10.25	5.57	35.56-
7.55	6.13	12.57	14.98	11.57	45.30>
91 
006
SERIES  OF  MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  MEASUREMENTS  OF  RAIN.
FORT BRADY, MICHIGAN—Continued.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn,	Winter.	Year.
1352....			....							4.11	1.42	2.99					
1533....	0.92	1.19	0.43	0.71	0.74	3.94	8.27	3.19	2.61	2.16	1.77	0.74	1.95	10.40	6.54	2.85	21.74
1554....	2.49	1.13	1.84 1	2. .4	3.61	1.23	3.21	3.SG	3.IS	0,0	3.07	0.45 2.21	7.09	S.30	9.65	4". 12	29.1'i
Mean...	1.S4	1.13	1.37	1.53	2.24	<> so	3.75	3.39	4.33	3.35	8.OS		!' 5.4-1 II	9.97	10.76	5.18	01.03
FORT HOWARD, WISCONSIN.
1S36 .
1S37..
1S3S..
1S39..
1840..
1841..
1S50..
1 51..
1852..
0.50
1.23
1.97
2.03
0.30
0.53

1.12
1.77

1.19
1.64
0.68
0.53
l.'S
0.30
0.39

1.50
0.00
3.20	6.37	5.20	3.50	5.06	2.C7	4.78	1.59	2.01	1.72
1.S1	3.53	G.43	4.31	5.67	4.25	5.C4	1.17	2.S9	2.69
0.14	3.41	1.54	6.77	7.08	5.66	3.36	3.29	2.5S	1.28
1.55	2.43	3.79	4.C5	3.35	2.69	0.77	5.26	2.25	1.63
0.26	4.17	1.09	7.29	5.86	3.79	1.25	3.02	2.05	0.50
1.69	2.11	2.46	5.43						
			4.92	6.34	6.94	2.69	1.10	2.59	0.95
0.78	1.5S	8.50	3.15	5.07	2.67	3.26	1.10	2.26	0.2S
3..57	2.97 3.33	2.15							
1.70		3.97	4.93	5.51	4.01	3.11	2.36	2.37	1.80
14.77
11.82
 5.09
 S.12
 G.12
10.83
 8.99
10.03	8.33	3.86	37.04
14.23	9.70	4.80	40.55
19.46	9.23	3.78	07.50
10.G9	8.28	4.79	31.23
16.94	6.32	1.10	33.57
IS.20	6.33		
10.89	6.02 ......	2.90	oi . .1
14.45	7.S4	3.86	34.05
FORT WINNEBAGO, WISCONSIN.
1S36....		
1837....	0.43	0.91
1833....	2.03	0.20
1539....	0.92	0.47
1S40....	o.so	1.17
1841....	0.1S	0.43
1842....	0.S4	0.56
1S43....	0.72	0.02
1544...	1.51	0.5S
1S45....	0.67	2.49
Mean ..	0.91	1 0.S2
0.25
0.0S
0.79
0.4S
1.54
1.71
0.E9
1.33
3.10
_	
2.11	3.IS
2.93	0.S6
1.54	3.59
1.40	2.C3
1 49	1.51
1.S5
2.14
3.32
2.67
1.17
4.IS
1.46
4.SO
2.40
4.53
3.71
5.45
5.04
4.07
4.07
4.09
	0.16
5.66	2.S9
7.07	5.S5
C.83	4.35
5.79	3.47
3.70	3.79
3.24	2.14
1.20	1.22
5.40	5.16
4.37	1.53
4.21	3.01
4.53
5.89
2.04
1.43
1.45
6.58
3.45
4.41
2.73
FORT CRAWFORD, WISCONSIN.
153G...
1507....
1S38....
1S39....
1340....
1541....
1542....
1343....
1544...,
1515...

Mean..
0.40
1.30
1.72
1.40
0.19
1.29
0.70
2.60
1.10
1.19
2.70
0.00

1.00
0.47
1.13
0.93
0.S7
2.79
1.24
2.90
0.45
1.26
0.23
5.76
2.00
0.53
1.42
2.70
1.92
3.00

2.07
8.62
2.04
4.OS
1.60
3.56
3.60
1.40
1.03
0.54
2.75
1.75
6.20
2.82
4.71
2.40
2.99  |  2.72
      i
1.10
4.40
2.17
5.10
2.57
2.36
7.03
3.10
4.01
5.50
3.20
1.83
1.58
1.57
2.97
7.75
1.00
2.20
8.SI
3.90
3.74
3.4S
2.30	G.40	1.30
3.G5	7.18	1.16
5.6S	2.76	1.66
6.30	4.95	5.05
6.91	1.90	5.65
3.65	2.45	1.21
6.43	3.58	0.08
4.13	4.90	1.33
G.0G	2.46	0.70
1.35		
4.(5	4.06	2.04
0.77	1.2S	1.77		
0.79	3.23	1.35	5.62	13.35
1.49	1.77	0.41	3.92	15.42
8.14	1.27	0.76	6.22	9.74
4.C8	2.63	0.05	3.97	12.97
1.25	0.55	1.98	4.54	12.94
0.21	3 12	1.18	4.73	10.42
0.00	2.67	0.58	6.71	6.i0
0 73	1.56	1.75		14.63
i			7.33	9.99
1 2.CO 1	2.01	1.C9	5.5S	11.46
 6.1S
 9.41
 5.90
10.84
 8.16
 8.88
 6.78
 7.68
 5.02
0.50	1.60		6.60
2.51	2.92 '	7.30	9.35
1.44	0.32 j	5.05	9.43
1.90	1.00	3.S7	12.97
1.96	0.12	6.57	12.45
0.14	3.28	9.55	13.79
3.47	2.00	12.23	14.51
2.82	0.47	5.00	9.-18
1.42	2.38	9.69	1S.8S
	1.57	S.49	10.75
1.80		7.63	11.bi
7.C3
 8.20
10.85
 5.86
11.90
 9.71
 3.80
 7.13
 9.05
 4.64
2.74	31.02
2.64	27.83
2.15	2S.95
2.02	23.12
2.59	25.45
2.58	24.51
1.92	22. bO
3.84	
2.82  I  27.49
6.02	34.05
1.62	21.9<i
	31.40
2.52	81.25
3.94	31.05
4.42	33.04
2.10	25.58
5.85	39.06
4.00   31.40 
SERIES  OF  MONTHLY  AND   ANNUAL  MEASUREMENTS  OF  RAIN.
•J -j /
FORT  ATKINSON,  IOWA.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dee.	Spring.	Summer	Autumn 5.02	Winter.	Year.
1344....					5.55	5.88	10.14	5.09	2.35	1.81	0.S6	1.11		21.11			
1845....	0.43	1.63	1.96	2.83	8.23	7.48	7.21	5.07	3.27	1.22	0.15	0.35	S.02	19.76	4.64	2.41	34.58
1S46....	1.00	0.03	3.12	6.53	6.83								15.93				
Mean. ..	0.71	0.S3	2.54	4.63	5.00	6.68	S.67	5.08	2.SI	1.51	• 0.50	0.73	12.22	20.43	4.S2	2 27	00.74
FORT  DES MOINES, IOWA.
1544....						7.66	3.52		4.13	1.00	0.32	2.25			4.45	......	
1315....	1.00	1.32	1.42	3.83	1.61	5.50	0.51	2.84	3.04				6.86	8.35			
1846....	O.90	0.C2 0.67										....	......	......			
Mean. ..	0.95		1.42	3. S3	1.61	G 53	2.01	2.34	3.58	1.00	0.32	2.25	6.86	10.90	4.90		20.50
FORT SNELLING, MINNESOTA.
1806....		
1537....	0.27	0.35
163S....	0.65	0.76
1839....	1.34	0.36
1840....	0.49	0.49
1341....	0 24	0.21
1842....	0.95	0.72
1840....	1.15	1.46
1344....	1.50	0.72
1845....	0.49	1 40
1846....	0.52	0.03
1347....	0.29	0.11
1543....	0.62	1.13
1S49....	1.00	0.01
1S50....	1.67	0 50
1351...	0.20	0.13
1352....	0.06	0.14
1553....	0.00	0.01
1554....	0.72	0.03
1S55___	1.67	0.41
Mean ..	0.73	o.r/2
0.33
0 15
0.71
0.65
1.43
0.44
0.62
0.97
2.80
1.71
0 44
1 71
4.11
2.23
1.23
2.04
0.02
1.03
1.84
1S50....	1.36	0.91
1351....	1.41	0.24
1552... -	0.13	0.42
1353....	0.1S	0.0-1
183t...4	0.07	0.03
15.35---	1.41	0.23
1.05
0.26
6.61
1.00
0.70
1 12

1.50
0.95
2.41
2.71
1.55
1.40
2.17
0.75
5.16
8.15
2.90
0.45
0.18
5.62
2.60
2.6S
2.49
0.70
2 51
0.23

2.14
2.07
0.07
2.07
1.31
0.97
0.3G
2.65
3.05
3.23
2.31
1.50
1.68
3.12
4.50
1.51
2 00
4.96
5.28
6.57
0.57
3.46
4.76
1 80
3.50
4.24
3.73
5 22
1.64
6.SO
3.10
2.00
2.83
3.14
4 02
3.96	2.15
4.72	0.C8
4 08	7.59
4.00	3.31
1.23	2.38
3.17	3.03
 7.28
 2.78
11.11
 3.50
 2.89
 1.57
 1 78
 2.C9
 4.SO
 2.56
 4.95
 3.66
 4.60
 7.59
 6 15
 2.60
 2.74
 1.65
 3.92
5.55
1.32
3.08
1.04
3.40
1.17
4.81
1.84
4.37
3.28
3.80
2.49
3.19
9.60
2.97
3.29
0.69
2.57
1.75
4.45
5.10
0.71
1.61
2.33
6.10
4.S3
5.14
4.2G
2.21
2.33
4.O0
2.46
2.75
0.55
3.15
0.16
2.11
2.21
1.55

0.50
0 97
0.66
2.45
0 37
0.63
5.35
8.IS
1.82	0.32
3.64	1.18
0.72	0.82
2.14	0.01
6.55	1.23
3.32	1.35
0 70
1.37
0.43
1.66
3.22
0.S4
3.46
1.43
0.77
0.40
2.10
1.71
0.10
1.40
1.6S
2.81
0.22
0.56
0.60
1.31
0.63
2.34
0.45
1.07
0.13
1.42
0.00
0.27
0.5S
O.OS
0 21
0.06
0.-10
1.95
0.04
0.05
0.15
1.11
0.64
 3.93
 5 21
 6.70
 4.51
 4 33
 4.29
 4.G9
10.03
 7.46
 6.61
 5.85
 7.17
16 30
 5.40
 7.87
 9.25
 4. S3
 7.S4
 3.35
6.61
	5.70
7 51	9.62
18.95	1.30
6.34	5.3S
9.79	7.76
6.93	8.49
10.02	......
9.25	7.0J
10.SI	5.90
12 64	8.27
11.85	6.SS
8.SI	6.08
10.02	3.24
20.38	9.50
13.74	3.S2
S.04	7.13
8.71	1.76
11.SI	2.71
S.98	S.33
10.92	5.98
2.96
1.S6
2.77
1.11
1.57
2.27
2.88
2.80
1.97
0.76
1 06
2.15
8.56
2.51
0.3S
0.35
1.12
1.39
24.02
28.22
21.19
23.00
21.07

23.09
00.14
25.34
26.10
21.80
23.18
49.69
25.53
23 42
15.07
20.47
26.59
1 92   25.43
FORT RIPLEY, (GAINES,) MINNESOTA.
1.52
5.50
3.93
1.45
4.34
1.6S
1 6.00	11.92	2.51
5.50		3.15
2.10	3.02	1.37
8.72	4.35	2.64
! 8.03	0.62	1.69
4.53 1		....
' 3.15	5.20	2.27
1.77
S.74
6.40
3.31
4.40
4.92
1.45
1.93
1.27
0.95
0.91
3.65	0.51
2.82	0.86
8.10	2.S7
1.13	0.63
0.24	0.15
2.20	0.90
 5.24   20 48
 6.79
12.94
 3.S2 I  15.71
 6.10 j   5.99
 3.16 ! ......
6.31
12.(2
 6.S7
13.49
10.77
 5.44
 5.55
8.42
2.01
8.42
1.15
0.S5
34.32
26.12
IS.-IH 
668
SERIES  OF  MONTHLY  AND ANNUAL MEASUREMENTS OF  RAIN.
FORT LEAVENWORTH, KANSAS.
Mean
Jan.
Feb.   March. ' April.  May.   June
1.27	2.62
1.91	4.3S
0.99	2.S4
1.35	5.53
3.40	3.20
0.78	2.40
1.10	3.90
0.48	2.79
1.50	0.91
3-40	2.40
3.64	1.74
1.03	1.00
1.35	5.50
0.15	2.36
1.38	3.85
0.42	0.27
1.61	2.74
3-02
FORT DODGE, IOWA.
July.	AUL'li>t.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	fpring.	Summer.	Autumn	Winter.	Year.
3.41	5.90	6.45	0.67	1.64	0.7S	13.54	S.96			
4.20	1.C0	7.SO	3.40	2.70	2.60	7.71	11.40	18.90	5.44	SS.45
2.IS	6.66	0.30	0.40	1.81	0.20	5.SO	14.97	2.51	3.CO	2G.25
5.12	1.95	0.76	6.05	1.29	1.52	9.48	12.36	8.10	3.38	88.32
. 2.65 2.50	4.98	3.48	3.39	1.60	0.22	7.28	14.25	8.97	1.69	32.14
	2.83	5.52	3.26		0.(5	6.85	7.75		0.32	
3.15	6.06	1.02	0.26	3.22	1.10	5 22	14. S6	4.50	1.71	26.29
0.57	0.13	8.19	1.04	0.C5	1.05	9.17	1.22	4.28	1.27	15.94
8.08	4.SO	1.60	0.40	3.62	0.39	15.13	24.88	5.62	2.49	43.12
0.C1	1.70	6.70	1.30	0.82	0.00	5.43	17.51	8.S2	2.80	34.56
2.61	0.08	3.88	1.03	1.14	2.05	8,20	6.85	6.05	2.65	28.75
1.20	0.50	0.32	0.00	0.27	1.15	10.45	6. S3	0.59	3.14	21.03
3.25	3 05	7.60	0.74	4.33	3.50	5.91	13.C6	12.67	6.35	38.00
6.03	5.80	7.56	3.44	2.80	0.56	10.90	14.C9	13.SO	4.C6	42.85
1.03	2.27	0.72	0J5	3.S4	0.70	7.70	9.89	5.41	4.07	27.07
6.78	5.02	1.10	1.68	3.18	1.96	7.43	19.96	7.96	8.46	38.61
4.60	4.22	1.61	2.64	3.53	0.60	11.56	15.35	7.78	1.84	36.53
3.21	5.01	1.47	0.52	2.07	0.76	5.90	14.17	4.06	1.07	25.20
0.1S	1.07	2 11	3.20	1.20	0.09	10.23	5.75	6.51	1.91	24.40
1.70						2.07				
1 3.15	3.29	3.32	1 84	2.17	1.02	7.97	12 24	7.33	2.75	30.29
1351....						__		1.95	2.59	2.43	2.84	0.71			7.36		
1852....	1.09	0.58	1.55	2.16	2.05	5.16	1.57	0.89	2.51	4.10	1.92	2.27	5.76	7.62	S.53	3.94	25. S5
1553....	0.20	0.26	1.31	3.92	4.S4								10.07				
Mean ..	0.65	0.42	1.43	3.04	8.45	5.16	1.57	1.42	2.55	3.26	2.88	1.99 j 1	7.92	8.15	8.19	3.06	27.32
FORT KEARNY, NEBRASKA.
1S49.... (530....	0.47
1831....	1.15
1552...	0.12
18,0....	0.00
15.-4....	0.23
1555....	l.oo !
Mean ..	0.5U
	6.12	7.86	10.74	4.00	7.70	6.05	0.27	1.80	0.10	0.10	24.72	17.75	2.17		*
0.06	1.06	1.07	2.8S	9.93	5.33	1.66	0.43	0.26	1.57	0.30	5.01	16.97	2.26	0.83	25.07
0 97	0.14	0.73	9.43	3.50	2.86	2.78	2.60	0.52	1.00	0.7G	! 10.30	9.14	4.12	2.88	26.44
0.25	0.23	0.73	5.23	3.02	2.69	1.84	2.17	1.35	2.24	0.73	6.24	1.55	5.76	1.10	20.65
0.02	COS	6.10	8.46	2.41	3.28	2.21	0.94	0.26	1.00	0.03	14.64	12.96	2.20	0.10	29.90
1.83	1.87	2.56	4.15	5.40	3.51	1.18	4.60	1).07	0.75	0.00	8.58	10.09	6.42	1.56	26.65
0.25	1.35	0.68	4.91	2.20							6.94				
0.45	1.55	2.63	6.57	4.36	5.07	2.62	1.33	0.88	1.11	0.83	10. SO 1	12.05	3.82	1.81	27.95
 
SERIES  OF MONTHLY  AND ANNUAL MEASUREMENTS  OF  RAIN.                   609
FORT LARAMIE, NEBRASKA.
The last observations, for 1852 and 1853, were at Fort Atkinson, on the Plains, crossing of Arkansas river.
                 FORT ARBUCKLE, INDIAN TERRITORY.
FORT BELKNAP, TEXAS.
1.33
1.10
0 78
1.07
0.96
1.42
0.10
0.83
1.75
0.30
1.36
6.19
4 97
3.55
.00
3.15
2.27
0.00
0.12
0.75
1.77
1.53
1.65
5.90
4.89
0.59
FORT WORTH, TEXAS.
 0.30
10. SO
 3.75
4.54
1.20  j  4.70
4.66  '  6.61
5.20  ;  1.73
3.33  !  4.18
3.61  I  4.'<
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1540...									0.21	2.72	0.24	0.35			3.17		
15.50....	0.30	0.42	1.81	1.03	1.41	1.40	l.SO	0.51	0.22	0.23	0.23	....	3.75	3.71	0.72?		
1851....				0.16	4.21	0.33	0.32	0.78	0.42	0.36	0.52	0.SS		1.43	1.30		
1532. ..	0.72	1.10	1.55	1.25	7.29	4.08	l.SS	1.46	2.74	1.70	6.42	1.23	10.09	7.42	10.86	3.05	31.42
1550....	0.08	0.57	1.73	4.53	12.19	4 95	1.S6	0.55	2.80	0.63	0.03	0.71	18.50	7.36	3.56	1.86	30.78
18.34....	0.18	0.40	0.80	0.98	4.46	3.67	3.26	l.:l	1.60	1.86	0.73	0.05	9.24	8.20	4.19	0.63	22.26
1555....	0.04	1.06	1.41	0.65	2.79	3.25	1.45						4.85				......
Mean ..	0.27	0.71	1.37	1.93	5 39	2.95	1.83	0.92	1.33	1.26	1.37	0.65	8.69	5.70	3.96	1.63	19.93
								5.10	3.85	6.81	1.39	1.60			12.05		
1?53....	0.04	0.49	0.96	3.33	9.34	4.35		0.50					13.6S	7.15		2.13	35.01
1S50..			....							1.70	5.40	1.25					
1851..	.| 0.01	5.40	0.20	2.71	2.61	2.19	1.55	1.16	1.60	1.07	3.39	2.35	5.52	4.90	4.06	7.76	22.24?
1652..	.; l.SO	4.21	1.21	1.41	7.30	5.30	5.09	4.S2	5.04	7.16	2.50	0.12	9.92	15.21	14.66	6.29	46.08
1850..	.1 0.49	l.SS	0.32	1.04	5.31	4.57	3.27	1.30	3.16	3.82	1.05	0.97	6.67	9.14	7.53	3.34	26.63
1854..	. 0.01	2.30 "	3.33	2.93	6.60	4.33	0.00	2.14	2.12	0.55	3.46	0.40	12.91	6.47	6.13	2.71	28.22
1855..	. 0.20	1.23	0.35	2.28	!8-18	3.3S	3.50						5.76				
Mean	. 0.51	3.01	1.08	2.08	4.99 1	3.95	2.68	2.35	2.93	2.76	3.16	1.02	8.15	8.98	8.90	4.54	30.57
3.15	0.05				
1.03	1.75	9.13	5.13	7.69	3.14
0.05	0.05	8.14 3.95	9.03	2.17	1.26
1.41	0.62	7.09	6.31	6.85	1.75
							1.90					
6.90	7.30	0.50	3.70	0.51	2.24	4.90	5.10	12.80	11.50	7.65	6.00	37.95
9.27	0.22	0.16	0.06	0.06	2.24	4.92	0.79	20.54	0.44	7.22	14 29	42.49
4.27	3.81	3.14	6.41	5.60	5.40	2.60	0.10	11.10	13.36	13.60	5.20	43.26
5.94	3.60	5.72	0.60	2.06				13.50	9.92 8.80			
0.59	8 73	2.38	2.69		8.29	4.14	1.97	14.50		9.49	8.07	40.66
PHANTOM HILL, (CLEAR FORK OF BRAZOS,) TEXAS.
0.52	1.80	0.54
0.00	0.30	
0.26	0.80	0.54
0.45
2.S5 2.S5	2.90 2.90	1.15	0.03	4.82 0.2S	4.SI 2.01	2.45 0.23	0.00 1.87	3.84	4.08	12.08 2.52	3.69	14.13
		1.15	0.03	2.55	8.41	1.84	0.94	3.84	4.08	7.30	2.00	17.22
 
G70
SERIES OF MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEASUREMENTS  OF RAIN.
FORT CHADBOURNE, TEXAS.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	L ■ Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1552....					6 25	5.00	5.98	2.82	4.01	3.64	0.80	0.00		13.30	8.45		
I553....	0.70	1.25	1.61	O.SO	6.4S	5.48	2.80	0.85	1.76	2.87	0.19	2.67	8.S9	9.13	4.82	4.62	27.46
1554....	0.00	0.90	0.45	0.56	5.76	4.67	1.31	4.30	4.09	3.30	6.30	2.60	6.80	10.28	13 69	8.50	34.27
1S55....	1.10	2.50	0.15 0.75	3.35	6.33	3 31							9.83				
Mean ..	0.60	1.55		1.57	6.20	4.61	3.36	2,49	3.29	3.27	2.43	1.76	8.52	10.46	8.99	3.91	31.63
FORT GRAHAM, TEXAS.
1850 ...			1.35	4.25	2.57	4.83	1.50	3.95	0.60	3.77	1.09	11.03	8.17	10.28	5.46		
1851....	1.80	6.86	3.63	7.88	3.05	0.32	0.11	0.21	0.26	5.25	7.40	4.40	14.56	0.64	12.91	13.26	41.37
1852....	0.64	5.25	8.75	4.00	2.65	3.68	4.90	3.76	1.53	3.69	5.70	0.31	15.30	12.34	10.92	6.20	44.76
1353....	1.83	3.61	4.43	2.00	3.35	2.00	2.08	0.32					9.83	4.40			
Mean ..	1.42	5.24	4.55	4.53	2.90	2.71	2.15	2.06	0.83	4.24	4.73	5.25	11.9S	6.02	9.77	11.91	40.53
FORT CROGHAN, TEXAS.
1849..						3.70	3.00	0.40	1.20	1.30	1.40	0.90		7.10	3.90		
1S50....	1.00	0.90	3.10	3.40	5.00	5.60	1.60	0.69	0.45	0.28	1.02	2.56	11.50	7.89	1.75	4.46	25.63
1351....	1.09	5.01	3.54	7.05	1.06	1.06	2.99	1.00	1.35	3.52	9.80	7.40	11.65	5.05	14.67	13.50	44.67
1852....	1.70	6.00	9.18	2.79	2.21	3.73	3.75	3.09	5.96	3.35	3.33	0.57	14.18	10.62	12.64	7.27	44.71
1853....	1.97	6.52	3.07	2.28	3.78	2.52	5.59	0.20					9.13	8.31			
Mean ..	1.44	4.61	4.72	3.SS	3.01	3.33	3.39	1.08	2.24	2.11	3.89	2.86	11.61	7.80	8.24	8.91	36.56
FORTS MARTIN SCOTT, MASON, TERRETT, AND McKAVETT, TEXAS.
1S50.... 1851.... 1852....	1.07 0.73 0.60	0.69 5.14 3.10	1.57 3.43 12.40	4.60 8.37	3.45 1.18	10.28 0.08	1.71 0.80	0.37 1.20	1.18 1.44	0.99 1.15	3.87 1.50	2.74 1.00	9.62 13.03	12.86 2.08	6.04 4.09	5.50 6.87	33.52 26.07
Mean ..; 0.80 M. 1352. ■■•• 1853. 1-04 T. 1852. •••■ 1853. 0.80 McK.'52 ... 1853. l-~5 1S54. 0.01 1855. 0.09		2.98 2.01 1.54 2.94 0.77 1.00	5.82 1.52 1.15 1.52 2.10 0.08	6.43 1.93 2.89 1.08 0.S6 0.59 2.00 0.23 2.29	2.81 8.94 1.21 5.15 2.30 4.75 2.25 3.72 2.63	5.18 3.46 7.53 4.27 6.00 4.34 5.49 0.15 1.19	1.25 6.64 6.43 3.04 3.63 1.84 4.03 2.91	0.7S 1.54 1.69 1.61 1.83 0.85 1.65 0.04	1.31 4.70 1.14 5.72 0.10 3.42 3.86	1.07 2.54 3.07 3.92 4.50 5.26 0.79	2.63 1.50 0.12 1.23 0.04 1.59 1.19	1.87 0.01 0.00 1.53 0.01 0.95	14.61 5.62 4.81 5.77 6.10 5.00	7.21 11.64 15.75 8.92 11.51 7.53 11.17 8.10	5.06 7.74 4.33 10.87 4.64 10.27 5.84	5.65 3.87 1.73	32.53 24.63 16.77
Mean...	0.62 1.57 1.23 : 1.29				3.34 ' 2.92 j 2.92 8.3.3 j				3.64	8.02	1.39	0.48	5.50	6.69	8.05	2.67	20.-7
 
SERIES  OF  MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  MEASUREMENTS  OF  RAIN.
671
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
1S49....									6.12	0.30	5.53	1.22			11.95		
1850....	0.64	2.07	1.37	3.34	3.22	9.63	3.10	0.17	0.33	0.S1	2.34	2.90	7.39	12.90	3.54	5.61	29.93
1851....	0.75	6.86	1.45	4.37	2.80	3.74	8.07	0.60	1.20	0.40	3.30	2.80	8.62	7.41	4.90	9.91	00.84
1852....	1.00	4.30	6.00	0.70	2.66	5.09	3.53	1.75	3.49	2.70			9.36	10.37	......		
Mean ..	0.80	4.41	2.94	2.80	2.89	6.15	3.23	0.84	2.80	1.05	8.72	2.14	8.63	10.22	7.57	7.35	33.77
				CORPUS CHRISTI, AND FORTS EWELL AND MERRILL.													
1346....	3.96	2.37	1.25	3.71	3.44	6.65	3.02	5.48	10.49				8.30	15.16			
1S43....								2.25	4.65	2.04	0.22	1.34			6.91		
1S51....				4.32	2.53	5.52	3.97	0.23	4.96	2.71	1.89	1.19		9.72	9.56		
1854....			....		8.07	4.71	7.69	3.68 2.91	6.82				9.94	16.08 13.43	10.15		
Mean ..	3.96	2 37	1.25	4.01	4.68	5.63	4.89		6.73	2.37	1.05	1.26				7.59	41.11
1852....										1.41	0.15	0.45					
IS53...	1.30	6.60	1.05	2.25	3.35	9.65	2.22	1.65	5.25	3.32	0.S3	1.67	6.65	13.52	9.40	9.77	39.34
1854....	0.22	2.86	0.38	0.00	6.S3	6.05	3.58	8.21	4.68				7.26	12.84			
Mean ..	0.76	4.73	0.71	1.12	5.11	7.85	2.90	2.43	4.96	2.36	0.49	1.16	6.94	13.18	7.81	6.65	34.58
1851....				3.47	1.41	1.83	4.19	1.31	2.93	0.37	0.S5	0.56		7.33	4 15		
1S52....						1.13	8.76										
18:3....								5.75	5.86	3.12	1.40	1.18			10.38		
1854....	0.11	1.99	0.05	1.16	7.66	4.70	5.44	3.13	5.01	0.64	3.2J	2.13	8.87	13.29	8.S5	4.23	35.24
1855....	0.35	2.19	0.13	0.23	1.21	8.75							1.57 5.14		...... ]		
Mean ..	0.23	2.09	0.09	1.62	3.43	4.10	6.13	3.40	4.60	1.3S	1.82	1.93		13.63	7.80	4.25	30.32
FORT BROWN,  TEXAS, (MATAMOROS.)
1850...	: 4.30	3.80	2.30	0.05	2.20	0.06	1.16	0.01	0.25	5.79	0.69	0.15	4.55	1.28
1551...	0.95	1.20	0.40	1.15	0.90	2.35	8.65	1.80	5.60	4.10	3.00	4.70	2.45	7.80
1552...	0.50	0.60	0.35	0.00	4.05	5.05	0.70	3.90	8.50	4.95	0.90	0.00	4.40	9.65
1S53...	0.00	1.60	0.00	2.20	0.10	1.70	0.00	3.10	8.00	7.75	1.30	0.65	2.30	4.80
1854... 1855...	0.45 ! 3.47	1.50 4.83 2.25	1.15 8.03 1.20	0.05 0.00 0.56	4.10 1.92	7.65 10.47	4.25	5 00	11.31	5.79	7.47	1.S8	5.30 4.95	16.9)
					2.21	4.55	1.95	2.76	6.73	5.68	2.67	1.48	8.97	9.26
Mean .	1.61													
 6.73
12.10
14. -5
17.05
24.57
8.28
6.35
1.10
2.25
20.76
29.80
29.50
26.40
50.60
1849..
1350..
1851..
1S52..
1553..
1554..
1S55..

Mean
15.08  |   5.84 !  33.65
RINGGOLD BARRACKS, TEXAS.
			
	3.14	0.01	1.93
	0.84	0.69	0.03
	1.00	0.88	0.65
	0.70	2.33	0.(9
	0.70	1.69	0.22
	1.06	0.68	1.43
	1.24	1.18	0.72
0.79
1.21
0.6S
3.79
0.00
0.00

1.03
4.55
0.20
2.28
3.91
2.83
2.40

2.69
 2.76
 1.21
 0.96
 1.45
10.98
3.47
0.17
2.20
0.82
0.15
4.06
5.33

2.13
0.11
0.02
1.44
4.34
1.58
4.48
0.08
5.21
4.24
2.32
3.02
1.50  i  8.22
3.02
0.53
1.20
4.7S
2.40
0.92
0.30
2.91
0.12
0.01
0.19
2.10
0.94
0.94
0.01
1.15
0.08
0.91
0.68
0.63
7.27
1.44
8.61
7.79
8.05
4.49
3.04
8.43
3.22
7.82
3.57
6.53
9.03
                3.76 j  17.04
                2.68 i  14.08
                1.96 j  1T.S2
 5.94 j   4.91 j   3.94 '  22.58
16.89    6.04 |   3.07 '  29.C5
7.10
0.31
■05    20.95 
CT2
SERIES OF  MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  MEASUREMENTS  OF  RAIN,
FORT McINTOSH,  TEXAS.
1510..
1S50..
1S51..
1352..
1S33..
1654..
1555..
FORT DUNCAN,  TEXAS.
0.40
0.70
0.28
0.13
0.05
0.00
0.12
2.32
2.30
1 30
0.69
0.91
0.02
0.23
6.27
0.01
1.50
0.01
0.95
0.83
O.OO
2.10
0.00
0.28
Mean ..;  0.26  j  1.27  ,  1.34   0.71
....			1		0.03	1.20	0.40					
1.00	5.51	2.85	0.60	0.10	1.30	8.70	1.40	2.00	8.96	5.10	1.92	17.9S
1.15	2.30	1.10	0.70	1.36	1.50	1.20	0.68	2.20	4.10	4.06	3.70	14 12
2.13	2.81	6.70	0.32	6.10	1.22	0.24	0.00	8.40	9.83	7.56	2.58	2S.S7
0.75	10.70	5.23	2.15	4.05	4.10	0.05	2.69	2.86	18.13	8.20	4.12	33.31
2.53	6.S3	0.83	0.90	4.81	0.40	8.2S	0.18	4.03	8.56	8.49	0.92	22.00
1.44								1.73				
1.50	5.63	3.35	0.93	3.23	1.43	1.61	0.89	8.55	9.91	6.32	2.42	22.20
FORT INGE, TEXAS.
1349....											2.05	2.30					
1-50 ...	0.35	0.71	1.42	1.11	1.07	7.00	2.70	3.19	1.50	1.70	3.60	2.10	2.60	12.89	6.80	3.19	25.48
1831....		3.54	1.45	2.95	1.08	0.78	2.84	3.53	0.73	1.50	1.43	0.29	5.48	7.10	3.66		
1352....	0.34	1.40	2.62	0.15	5.70	S.07	6.S2	0.12	2.S3	3.19	1.52	0.00	8.53	15.01	7.54	1.74	32. S2
1853....	2.10	3.58	1.51	2.42	3.2S	9.00	4.97	1.59	1.20	6.76	0.15	1.0*2	7.21	15.56	8.11	6.76	87.64
1554....	0.20	2.15	3.00	0.75	3.SS	2.09	0.97	1.67	4.80	0.33	3.71	0.50	7.63	4.73	8.84	2.85	24.08
1655....	0.10	1.86	0.75	0.17					...	....						8.88	
Mean ..	0.64	2.21	1.79	1.26	3.01	5.38	3.66	2.02	2.21	2.70	2.08	1.03	6.06	11.06	6.99		27.99
FORT LINCOLN,  TEXAS.
1850...			....	0.50	2.50			
1551...	. 0.00	5.05	2.11	4.86	1.90	0.76	0.89	0.39
1552...	.! 0.26 1	2.96	4.90	0.23	4.26	3.33	1.10	
2.80
0.27
1.36
2.01
0.98
8.S7
9.39
2.04
6.03
20 53
FORT CLARK, TEXAS.
1852....						__		0.87	3.50	2.09	1.91	0.00	[		7.50		
1658....	0.83	1.18	0.65	2.50	1.16	10.21	3.87	2.75	0.13	4.00	0.21	1.60	! 4.81	16.83	4.34	3.66	29.14
1354....	0.00	0.94	1.48	0.60	2.65	0.11	0.08	0.P5	3.49	0.55	3.22	0.35	4.70	1.14	7.26	1.29	14.42
1S55...	0.01	1.96	0.45 0.S6	0.81	4.29	4.77							5.05				
Mc.i. ..	0.80	1.36		1.14	2.70	5.03	1.9S	1.52	2.87	2.21	1.78	0.65	4.60	8.53	6.36	2.81	21.80
 
SERIES  OF MONTHLY AND  ANNUAL MEASUREMENTS  OF  RAIN.
67-.
EL PASO AND  FORT BLISS,  NEW  MEXICO.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May. June.		July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.! Year. I
1850.... 1851.... 1854....	0.00	0.90	0.00	0.00	0.70	0.02	1.05 0.10	0.70 2.49 5.71	0.05 3.70	0.60 4.60 __ __ 1.54 ! 0.00		1.10 0.50	0.70 ......	4.56	5.25 5.24	1
Mean ..	0.00	0.90	0.00	0.00	0.70	0.02	0.57	2.97	1.88	1.07 2.30		0.80 j O.70		3.56	5.25 1 70 11.21	
The observations nominally at El Paso to August, 1851, were taken at points on the north side of the Rio Grande, opposite the Mexican town of El Paso.
FORTS FILLMORE, WEBSTER,  AND THORN, NEW MEXICO.
1S31....						__			1.40	0.11	2.13	1.74			3.64		
1S52....		0.29	0.04	0.20	0.40	1.74	3.84	1.00	1.47	0.77	2.66	0.00	0.64	6.5S	4.90		
1853....	0.04	0.10	0.03	0.01	0.05	0.28	2.80	1.83	1.21	0.90	1.15	0.64	0.09	4.91	3.26	0.75	9.04
1854....	0.00	0.00	0.65	0.10	0.S6	0.05	0.87	1.38	0.95	0.39	0.07	0.15	1.61	2.30	2.01	0.15	6.07
1535___	0.00	0.00	-0.12	0.45	0.05	0.07							0.62				
F. Mean.	0.01	0.10	0.21	0.20	0.34	0.54	2.50	1.40	1.26	0.54	1.50	0.63	0.75	4.44	3.30	0.74	9.23
W.18 2.		1.51	0.13	4.45	1.23	-4.S9	4.79	4.29	3.47	1.19	3.48	0.30	4.31	13.97	8.14		
W.1S53.	0.40	0.50	0.00	0.00	1.05	1.08	2.55	1.21	1.26	0.40	0.26	0.08	1.05	4.84	1.92	0.9S	8.79
T. 1354.	O.OO	0.00	0.14	0.20	1.10	0.08	2.23	6.01	3.50	0.00	0.99	0.35	1.44	8.32	4.49	0.35	14.60
T. 1355'	0.09	0.20	0.80	0.25	0.05							....	1.10				
FORT  CONRAD  AND SOCORRO, NEW  MEXICO.
1S51....		__								0.03	0.09	0.39				......	
1852....	0.01	0.03	0.00	0.07	0.25	2.15	0.65	1.32	1.10	1.63	1.34	0.08	0.32	4.12	4.07	0.12	8.03
1853....	0.23	0.39	0.38	0.00	0.35	0.74	2.78	1.20	0.53	0.00	0.59	0.67	0.73	4.72	1.12	1.29	7.80
1354....	0.00	O.CO	0.05	0.01	0.62	0.01	0.41	1.02	2.13	0.34	1.09	0.08	0.68	1.44	3.56	o.os	5.76
1355___	0.00	0.01	0.12	0.08	0.10	0.21							0.30				
Mean...	0.06	0.11	0.14	0.04	0.33	0.78	1.28	1.18	1.25	0.50	0.78	0.31	0.51	3.24	2.53	0.43	6.76
S.1S49..											1.76	0.80					
1850..	0.05	0.52	0.60	0.42	0.12	0.17	1.29	0.54	0.24	1.81	0.92	0.44	1.14	2.00	2.97	1.01	7.12
1S51..	0.02	0.45		0.45	0.01	0.00	0.40	2.07						2.47			
ALBUQUERQUE,  NEW MEXICO.
1850....		0.05	0.01	0.02	0.21
1351....	0.07	0.56	0.42	0.04	0.03
1S52....		....		0.70	0.07
1S53....	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.04
1354....	0.30	0.00	0.43	0.39	1.19
1 5.35----	0.20	0.40	1.02	0.74	0.89
----					
Mean. •■	0.14	0.20	0.83	0.32	0.40
0.18
0.00
8.15
0.00
0.25
1.26
0.30
0.07
2.57
2.59
1.72  i  l.S
4.06
3.30
1.19
2.37
0.51

0.19
0.07
2.67
0.80
0.28

0.85
0.00
1.37


0.50
0.10
0.31
1.35
0.61

0.02
0.30
0.92
0.71    0.46
0.24
0.49
0.77
0.05
2.01
2.65
12.2S
 6.37
 4.06
1.81

0.70
0.3S
5.39
1.10 :   5.45    2 07
0.30
1.05
 7.10
12.51
9.42
93 
671               SERIES  OF  MONTHLY AND  ANNUAL MEASUREMENTS OF  RAIN.
CEBOLLETA, LAGUNA, NEW MEXICO.
	Jan. Feb. 1 March. 1	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	« 1 ~ Nov. Dec.		Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	Year.
S49.... 350.... 851....	0.45 1 10 ! 0.63 0.15 2.11 0.10	0.55 0.94	0.23 0.01	0.2S 0.00	0 85 0.25	0.26 2.18	1.37 5.82	1.58 1.60	0.55 0.81	0.40 1.S4 1.15	1.41 1.05	1.39 2.43	8.50 8.23	8.89 8.41	9.69 15.12
Mean ..	0.30 1.61 0.36 0.75		0.12	0.14	0.55	1.22	3.60	1.59	0.63	1.13	1.28	1.91	5.87	8.04	12.05
SANTE FE, NEW MEXICO.
0.00 0.36 0.57	1.26 0.69 0.12 0.20	1.00 0.50 2.01 1.63	0.65 0.00 1.63 0.85	0.98 1.16 0.68	1.88 0.32 1.77	0.98 7.45 4.11	0.92 5.42 3.86	0.91 2.68 4.06	0.38 2.55 0.97 2.50	1.65 0.43 3.54	1.60 1.36 0.77 1.08	1.48 4.85 3.16	14.75 8.29	5.11 4 08 10.10	1.46 1.56	21.77 24.80
0.31	0.57	1.29	0.80	0.74	1.32	4.18	3.40	2.55	1.60	1.87	1.20	2.83	8.90	6.02	2.08	19.83
LAS VEGAS AND FORT UNION, NEW MEXICO.
1S50....' .... ' .... 1S51........ 4.23? 1 1 1852.... 0.48 | 0.59 1 | 1854.... 0.07 0.02 1355... 0.01 0.01	0.01 0.00 0.77 0.63 0.43	0.02 2.11 0.24 0.32 0.46 0.01	2.82 ' 0.00 j 0.73 7.05 0.91 0.11 0.50 0.69 2.88 . 2.12	5.10 2.73 4.19 3.93 4.37	5.49 3.42 1.75	0.00 4.63 3.04 1.59 2.99	0.00 0.61 3.44 1.29 0.S8	0.12 1.97 2.83 0.33 1.80	8.12 | 0.33 0.02 0.18 0.60 0.85	4.94 0.97 2.00 1.59 3.32	15.27 7.72 6.42	0.12 7.21 9.31 3.26 5.67	1.09 0.45 0.69	26.64 13.43 14.37
Mean . u.19 0.99	0.37	0.53	1 1.57 2.00 1	4.07	3.55	2.45	1.25	1.42		2.47	9.62 5.12 1		2.03	19.24
CANTONMENT BURGWIN AND FORT MASSACHUSETTS, NEW MEXICO.
B. 1854. B. 1.53. 1S52.... 1S53.... 1S54.... 1S55....	.... 1.06 ..* .... 0.25	1.04 0.76 0.67	0.20 0.94	0.08 0.39 0.45	0.20 1.49 3.93 1.00	0.83 1.11 0.24 0.86	2.64 3.04 2.14	1.43 2.61	0.21 1.25 1.53	0.13 1.84 0.35	1.03 6.34	0.06 1.45 2.30	0.48 2.82	5.63 4.99	1.87		
Mean ..	0.23 0.72 1		0.94	0.42	2.14	0.74	2.59	2.05	1.39	1.10	6.84	1.88	3.50	5.33	8.83	2.53 20.54	
The mean embraces the observations at Fort Massachusetts only.
FORT DEFIANCE, NEW MEXICO.
1552.... 1853.... 1354.... 1855....	0.40 2.00 0.33	0.03 0.15 1.71	1.29 0.45 3.30	.... j 0.89 0.10 1.44 0.93 0.51 0.50 0.06	2.85 0.43 1.24 0.43	0.90 1.43 3.94	1.30 4.65 5.24	1.82 2.64 3.47	1.60 0.94 0.62	1.22 0.22 1.49	1.30 0.25 1.20	2.83 1.49 3.86	4.55 6.51 10.42	4.64 8.80 5.58	0.73 8.35	13 87 20.84
Meal.	1.03 j 0.65		1.68	0.51 0.72 i	1.11	1.57	3.73	2.64	1.05	0.98	0.92	2.91	6.41	4.67	2.65	16.64
 
SERIES  OF MONTHLY  AND ANNUAL MEASUREMENTS  OF  RAIN.
675
FORT YUMA, CALIFORNIA.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.'	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Bummer.	-Vutumn.	Winter.	Year.
							------1	1	~|								----
1S51....	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.27													
1S52....						0.00	0.23	0.33	1.45 '	0.00	0.35	0.04		0.61	1.80		
1353....	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.25	0.69	0.13	0.00	0.18	0.52	0.01	0.94	0.31	0.52	1.78
1854....	0.00	0.23	0.80	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	2.37	0.17	O.CO	0.00	0.57	1 0.80	2.83	0.47	0.85	4.50
1855....	0.12	1.26	0.00 0.20	0.00	0.00	....							0.00				
Mean ..	0.03	0.89		0.07	0.00	0.00	0.18	1.13	0.53	0.10	0.1S	0.38	0.27 1	1.31	0.86	0.80	3.24
SAN  DIEGO, CALIFORNIA.
1350....	0.00	1.13	1.00	0.09	0.00	0.68	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.19	2.82	1.93	1.09	0.68	3.01	3.06	7.84
1S51....	0.03	1.51	0.34	0.87	0.71	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.01	0.25	3.74	1.92	0.01	0.23	5.28	7.49
1852....	0.53	1.84	1.S7	0.85	0.32	0.00	0.00	0.40	0.00	0.06	1.45	4.50	3.04	0.40	1.51	6.92	11.87
1S53 ...	0.50	0.20	1.52	0.25	2.10	0.05	0.00	0.21	0.00	0.00	1.28	1.77	8.87	0.26	1.28	2.47	7.83
1854....	1.46	2.56	2.14	0.75	0.21	0.02	0.07	1.35	0.13	0.01	0.02	3.34	3.10	1.44	0.16	7.86	12.06
1355---	2.40	4.83	1.53	1.82	0.10								8.42				
Mean ..	0.S3	2.01	1.40	0.77	0.57	0.15	0.01	0.39	0.03	0.05	1.16	3.06	2.74	0.55	1.24	5.90	10.43
		SAN LUIS		REY,	RANCHO DEL CHINO, AND R					\NCHO DE JURUPA, CAL				IFORP	HA.		
S.1S50.. S.1S51.. 1855*... 1S51....	0.09	0.95	0.21 1.58	3.73	0.61	0.00	0.00 0.00	0.00 0.00 0.00	0.00 0.00 0.00	0.20 0.00 0.00	3.23 2.89	2.22 7.50	0.21 5.97	0.00	3.48 2.89	3.20	6.95
1852 . 1853....	0.25	0.67	3.15	0.33	1.14	0.00	0.00	0.18	0.00	0.00	0.44	2.04	4.62	0.18	0.44	2.96	8.20
1854....	1.04	2.34	3.09							j							
Mean ..	0.95	1.50	3.12	0.33	1.14	0.00	0.00 0.09		0.00	0.00	1.07 two post	4.97 i near eac	4.59 h other,	0.09 1.67 J 7.42 Del Chino and Jurupa.			13.77
MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA.
1847.... 1848....	1.70	
1849....		
1850....	2.95	
1851..-.		
1352....	0.40	
Mean.
1351.
1S52.
1853.
1854.
1855
Mean..
1.68
0.42
1.20
2.20
1.48

1.34
	.... 1		0.03	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.10	8.10	0.00					
2.20	2.40	0.65	2.50 0.03	0.50 0.00	0.50 0.00	0.00 0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	3.43		0.00	0.62		
2.00	1.30	0.33	0.00	0.00	0.00 0.01	0.00 0.00	0.02 0.01	0.00 0.20	0.61 0.91	2.98 4.50	1.66	0.00	0.63 1.12	7.93	10.22
0.30 1.50	6.12 3.27	0.92 0.63	0.10 0.C3	0.16 0.13	0.00 0.08	0.00					7.14 4.43	0.16			
						0.00	0.01	0.33	1.31	2.73		0.21	1.65	5.91	12.20
0.61
2.35
2.42
1.37

1.09
15.59
 5.54
 0.85
 3.C4

 6.40
2.59
2.25
2.08
0.34

1.81
	FORT MILLER			, CALIFORNIA.								
		0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00		10.41					
0.60	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.07	0.07	8.80	20 60	18.78	0.00	8.91	21.63	49.85
4.79	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.26	1.00	12.58	0.01	1.26	4.55	18.40
0.04	0.01			0.12	0.68	0.00	1.25	2.97		0.80	5.93	
0.00								3.98				
1.36	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.05	0.19	3.35	8.31	9.57	0.02	8.59	11.34	24.51
 
670
SERIES OF  .MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL MEASUREMENTS  OF RAIN.
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.
	Jan.	Feb.	March.	April.	May.	June.	July.	August.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Spring.	Summer.	Autumn.	Winter.	1 Year.
1S3J....			S.33		0.00	0.01											
1352....							0.00	0.00	0.00	0.69	4.92	12.07			5.61		
1S53....	3.75	1.17	3.72	5 27	0.42	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.23	0.28	2.00	1.86	9.41	0.00	2.51	6.78	18.7;)
1554....	8.04	5.87	8.11	2.24	0.06	1.05	0.01	0.03	0.08	1.56	0.40	0.60	5.41	0.09	1.99	9.51	17.00
1355....	2.89	2.S3	8.23	3.65	1.42	0.00							8.30				
Mean...	3.23	3.31	4.61	3 72	0.48	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.09	0.84	2.44	4.84	8.81	0.03	3.37	11.33	23.59
BENICIA BARR.ACKS, CALIFORNIA.
1349....											4.46						
1850....	4.44	1.63	2.45			0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	1.03	2.13		0.00	1.04	8.30	
1351....	0 88	023	5.S3	1.37	0.59	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.10	1.31	4.92	7.79	0.00	1.48	6.03	15.31
1S52 ...	0.36	0.00	4.78	0.03	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.01	1.05	2.23	9.03	4.81	0.03	3.34	9.39	17.57
	2 48	0.44	2.66	3.12	0.36	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.04	1.71	0.99	6.14	0.00	1.75	3.91	11.80
1854....	2.06	4.80	2.05	1.56	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.26	0.87	1.45	6.27	0.01	3.13	6.50	15.91
	2.86	2.79 1 66	8.13	3.25	2.01	0.00							8.39				
Mean...	2.IS		3.43	2.33	0.59	0.01	0.00	0.00	00.1	0.69	1.95	3.72	6.40	0.01	2.65	7.56	16.62
SACRAMENTO AND CAMP FAR WEST, CALIFORNIA.
1S49 ...							0.00	0.00	0.00	0.20	6.41	5.20		0.00	6.61		
1850....	6.31	0.00	5.60	1.40	0.01					0.01	2.10	2.00	7.01	......		8.91	
1S51....	2.06	1.16	8 44	3.06	0.86	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.36	0.10	1.86	6.63	7.36	0.00	2.32	9.85	19.5-3
1552....	1.60	0.13	10.05														
Mean ..	3.32	0.63	6.36	2.23	0.43	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.18	0.10	3.46	4.61	9.02	0.00	3.74	8.56	21.32
FORT READING, CALIFORNIA.
1S52....				2.S7		1.06	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.43	8.48	11.18		1.06	8.96		
1853....	4.66	3.18	7.11	4.57	0.73	0.00'	0.00	0.24	0.02	0.02	2.52	1.18	12.41	0.24	2.56	9.02	24. -..3
1354....	2.90	2.15	0.80	8.07	2.40	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	2.26	0.87	1.45	6.27	0.01	3.13	6.50	15. Ul
1855 ...	3.69	6.95	5.63	5.17	5.43	0.20							16.23				
Mean ..	8.75	4.09	4.53	3.92	2.35	0.31	0.00	0.08	0.01	0.92	3.96	4.60	11.30	0.39	4.S9	12.44	29.02
FORTS HUMBOLDT AND JONES, CALIFORNIA.
1S54....	4. S3	0.30	5.14	5 53	0.12	0.69	0.00	0.00	0.00	3.69	0.98	1.18	10.84	0.09	4.67	12.81	29.01
1855___	3.30	4.45	6.30		2.30	1.60			....								
1353....	3.73	1.38	3.39	1.02	1.17	0.41	0.13			0.43	4.47	1.19	5.53			6.35	
1554....	0.54	1.00	0.75	1.99	0.21	0.63	0.20	0.21	0.00	4.IS	0.48	1.13	2.95	1.04	4.66	8.47	17.12
1355___	1.55	3.S3	5.24	1.50	0.57							.... 1	7.61			5.20	
Mem j Ft. J. i	1.97	2.07	8.13	1.50	0.75	0.52	0.16	0.21	0.00	2.33	2.97		5.33	0.89	5.30		16.77
 
SERIES  OF  MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  MEASUREMENTS  OF  RAIN,
677
FORT ORFORD, OREGON.
Jan.
18,"2........
1-.33....1 11.SI
1854...   ....
1555  ...   7.SI
S.S1
Fob.   March.
6.65 j   6.45
6.04    9.84
6.35     8.24
April.  '  May.
0.33
6.11  :   1.89
5.17  |   S.60    1.80
64  '  5.24  '  1.06
July.  August. I Sept.
0.31    1.00
2.50  I  0.19
1.73  :  0.19
Oct.    Nov.
12.03
11.10    4.59
11.10    S.31
Dec.   | .-pring
6.37
23.61
-ummer. Autumn
11.64     19.12
3.00  '  19.60
23. SO
IMP ..		
1350*...	6.66	2.00
1-31....	9.55	2.04
	9.31	4.77
	9.30	4.21
1834....		2. S3
1o55....	13.29	3.84
M-.-a:. ..	9.62	3.33
6.71
4.03
4.20
2.47
1.22
3.99
3.79
0	GO
6.56	
1	72
2	73
2.04	
2	74
FORT VANCOUVER, OREGON.
0.93
2.00
0.00
0.40	3.22	8.35	0.00
3.49	1.77		
2 33	0.90	0.30	0.39
0.75	2.41	0.00	1.72
3.77	2.48		
2.75	2.03	2.S5	0.70
		—
		6.00
2.09	4.90	1.29 7.93
1.55	7.37	13 37
3.G6	11.57	3.22
2.31	3.19	8.34
2.55  I  0.70    6.69
14.31
 6.52
9.23
11.57
1.59
4.13
S.57	10.55 19.52 27.45	3S.4J
17.23	16.73 11.17	42.07
10.30	19.69	45.30
 * At Columbia Barruchs f;om September, 1S50.

DALLES OF COLUMBIA, OREGON.
1850 ..							0.01	0.00	0.09	0.91	1.14	0.19			2.14		
1351....	3.SI	1.70	1.70														
1552 ..										0.25	2.75	S.01		......			
185-::....	8.02	1.09	0.27	1.29	0.62	0.00	O.OS	CGI	1.41	0.24	4.90	0.95	2.IS	0.69	0.55	5.06	14.43
1334....	2.79	0.73	0.36	1.52	0.00	0.15	0.00	0.1S	0.84	1.91	1.41	2.50	l.SS	0.33	4.16	5.02	11.39
1-55....	3.03	*0.63	1.S7	0.17	1.0S	0.24							3.12				
Mean ..	8.16	1.04	1.07	0.99	0.57	0.13	0.03	0.20	0.73	0.83	2.55	2.91	2.63	0.42	4.16	7.11	14.T.2
FORT STEILACOOM, WASHINGTON TERRITORY.
1849....
1530....
1551....
1 8.32___
1853....
1554....
1- 55....
S.52	4.53
15.30	1.47
11.51	5.43
1 8.14	3.21
S.09	7.57
5.10	8.40
9.54 1	5.10
6.73
2.2 J
5.12
2.02
2.89
7.33

4.56
 1.0 J
 3.09
 3.31
 1.5T
12.50
 7.14
0.30
1.95
0.12
2.03
0.83
5.81
4.77     1.85
				
0.40	0.20	0.00 '	1.20	2.4)
0.55	0.33	0.S1	2.03	3.93
0.82	0.93	1.73	1.02	3.72
3.09	0.23	1.19	4.93	6.93
5.63	0.00	3.93	3.46	4.87
1.40				
1.97	0.34	1.54	2.67	4.23
 9.42
 5.14
 3.02
 6.17
13.41
 3. 3
 S.S4
 4.42
12.87
8.00	0.60	3.74
7.24	1.72	9.66
8.53	3.53	10.91
6.27	4.61	33.33
15.27	9.01	15.2.1
20.SO		
j 11.19	3. S3	15.20
15.97
20.70
25 77
15.31
20.:3
33. ST
39.3s.
43.7!)
57.01
69.21
21.51    51.7,
94 
 
 
 
 
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                       REPORT
ON THE PROMINENT FEATURES OF GENERAL CLIMATE IN THE UNITED STATES,
                         AS EXHIBITED IN
       THE  DISTRIBUTION  OF  TEMPERATURE AND  OF RAIN,
                            AND IN
           EXPLANATION OF THE ILLUSTRATIVE CHARTS,
95 
 
REPORT.
     It has been thought proper to accompany the present publication of Meteorological Observations
by a general review of the prominent features of American Climatology, so far as the basis afforded
by the published observations of the Army Medical Bureau would warrant positive deduction.   The
period embraced by these observations  is now sufficient  to afford the  great desideratum of well-
determined mean quantities in the conditions which have positive numerical measures ; and from this
basis of mean results the  range  of extremes may be measured, and  the general character of the
irregular changes of successive months and years may be quite thoroughly examined and illustrated.
     Each of the classes of observation may be analyzed in this manner, and, though arbitrary values
are assigned to the force of winds and to the  clearness of sky, the general results  of each  notation
may be compared, for the  various districts, with sufficient definiteness.   In any general  system of
observations, also, whatever errors exist in the use  of scales of notation, or in the reading of instru-
ments, are usually uniform throughout  that  system ;  and  the comparison of its results at separate
stations among themselves, will readily disclose the contrasts  and measures  of difference of each
position, and for any month or single date compared.  In such a uniform system, successive dates or
periods may also be compared with equal effectiveness ; and this joint comparison of various  districts,
at the same dates and for successive periods, constitutes  the most thorough and satisfactory analysis
possible, and it will be found to eliminate every considerable error in  reduction and to develop their
prominent points of value with great distinctness.
     In the extent of area embraced by these  observations there is scarcely a precedent in climatolog-
ical  investigation.  The last five years  occupy the opposite  coasts  of the continent almost equally,
and the more important interior  districts are also well represented.   Of the  unoccupied portions of
the interior, west of  the Rocky mountains,  there are some  representative stations, and there  is a
known identity of the general features of climate over every portion of this area.   As a whole, the
field is an entire continental area in temperate  latitudes, with the normal sea-climates of these latitudes
on each side.  With so great diversity of surface and  configuration as  the western  part of  the conti-
nent presents, we may anticipate  almost every peculiarity of climate known to these latitudes also,
and if  the observations  in  the new districts were extended over  a greater period of time the whole
collection should form the best possible basis for  determining  what the normal or natural climates of
the temperate latitudes are—the normal distribution of heat and moisture particularly.
     The period of time is sufficient for most purposes of the comparison of successive dates.  For the 
liS'J
REPOR T.
records at stations in the Mississippi valley, and eastward, it is sufficient to throw great light on the
questions of permanence of temperature, and of other conditions, and on the question whether there
is any periodicity or regular return of the changes of temperature and of the quantity of rain.  The
single measures of variability, occurring in  the  last few  years, may be partially compared  for the
opposite  portions of the continent, and  may give us some approximation to these measures for the
western interior and the Pacific coast, and though the mean results there are for imperfect  periods, if
there are great progressive changes of temperature, or of any other condition, or decisive periods of
return in the measures of disturbance or variation, some outline of them  should appear in this connec-
tion.   If such changes exist they cannot fail  to appear, in  some degree,  in the more extended series
at the older military posts, and in the comparison of different parts of the continent for recent years.
     There are but two positive measurements, those of the hygrometer and barometer, which are not
embraced in the present reductions and publication, and these are less necessary than others  to the first
collection of  materials for climatological investigation.   The frequency and amount of rain is a rude
general  measure of humidity, and taking  these  data  with the accompanying  temperatures,  the
deductions based on the quantity of moisture contained in the air are generally outlined.  It is easy
to distinguish the districts characterized by great proportions of moisture  for any part of the year, and
also those marked as extremely arid, of which last there are striking examples in the interior and near
the Pacific.  It is more difficult, however, to obtain any outline of the results of barometric measure-
ments without use of such observations directly.   The mean differences of atmospheric weight are to
some extent derivable from the altitudes of the posts, and most of these altitudes have been determined
with  great care from barometric and level surveys.  The  barometric mean of Santa Fe  is but about
twenty-four inches, or a diminution of one-fifth of the atmosphere at sea-level,  and this would be the
proportion for a very large area of the interior.  A still larger area has  an altitude of four thousand
feet, with a barometric mean of twenty-five and three-fourths inches nearly—one-seventh  less than
the atmosphere at sea-level.   Some general idea of the relation of the altitude  and mean position  of
the barometer may be gained  by converting  these altitudes  into barometric readings,  and  bearing
them in  mind in considering other conditions.  The oscillations of the barometer are very  important
in the climates east of  the Rocky mountains, and  they may generally be taken  as always large  in
the colder months.  What their precise relation to any feature of temperature  changes,  or to other
peculiarities may be, would be difficult of determination in any case.
     The most important result which these records appear adequate  to  define is the Distribution of
Heat on  the continent, and this distribution may be examined as well for periods  of time  through  a
series of years, as in regard to space at the same time, or in the comparison of districts.   They also
embrace vertical distribution,  or the comparison of results at all altitudes below eight thousand  feet,
and in this feature they give new views of the temperature of districts at these altitudes., as distinguished
from that of isolated mountains,  or of vertical ascents from a plain.   A large portion  of the interior,
extending from the southern boundary of New Mexico at El Paso to the sources of the Missouri, may
be regarded as made up  of alternations  of mountain, plain, and valley, rising  and falling  from a
mean line elevated five thousand feet above the sea.  Even the imperfect  periods and scattered stations
here must give new and valuable results  in regard to the temperature distribution for such altitudes.
     The second principal result is the Distribution of Rain, or of atmospheric precipitation in rain and
snow, and this distribution has the same features as that of temperature in regard to the comparisons
of the various districts and periods of time. 
REPO RT.
683
    The illustration of these two leading conditions is given mainly for the  mean results, though the
extremes have in some instances been noted in  a similar  graphic  representation.   The  recognized
value of thermal lines renders their use necessary to show the distribution of heat,  yet  shaded areas
would be more expressive in representing the greater and  less measures for the different districts.
The use of shaded areas in showing the quantity of rain is  too well established  to admit of change,
and the borders of these areas require to be marked as though they were abrupt limiting lines, as in
the case  of  the  isothermals, yet the  quantities  in  both cases pass  into each other by insensible
transitions—the line on the thermal  chart and the edge of the shading in the rain illustration marking
the boundaries of areas differing according to the figures  given them  in each  case.  The  district
between two isothermals is, however, at the mean of the temperatures marked on the two lines, while
the quantities of rain are placed on the central portions of these areas  and not on the bordering lines.
    The  peculiar physical  contrasts of altitude  and surface  required a  map for the basis  of this
illustration rather than a chart, and  the more important of these features were therefore  brought  out
upon it as clearly as might readily be done without confusing the illustration.   East of the  Rocky
mountains the vertical topography is  not  particularly important,  and the elevated districts are,
therefore, only indicated at their borders, or as  plateaux.  The Alleghany or  Appalachian range
declines at both extremities, and no  great interruptions of the isothermal lines appear in passing it,
the interior valleys  rising nearly to the temperatures at each side.  Its southern  portion causes  the
greatest curvatures  in passing from the Ohio valley to the  Atlantic,  but  these  are  all regular and
intelligible.
     There is an important  plateau in  the northwest, at the head of Lake Superior;  and elevated
districts,  less rough  and abrupt than those near the lake,  denominated coteaux, lie between the
Mississippi and Missouri, re-appearing west of the Missouri in the Cote Noir, or Coteau Noir, of
Pike and Long—the Black Hills, as they are generally designated.   By the most thorough compari-
son of authorities  it is concluded  that this is mainly a  coteau, or hill-bordered plateau,  for the
portion east of the  105th meridian, and that it does not become a range of mountains until reaching
this meridian, where it consttutes  a portion of the general mass of the Rocky mountains.   It is
therefore so  designated on the map.  In Texas there are two or three steps by which the altitude of
the Llano Estacado of three to four thousand feet is attained.  They are not so regular as is indicated
by the map,  but this  sufficiently defines them for climatological purposes.  The first rises from a line
six hundred  feet above the sea at  San Antonio, to twelve hundred at Forts  Martin Scott, Mason, &c.
The first chain of posts, embracing Forts Graham, Gates, Lincoln, &c., is at the entrances to this plateau.
The next uplifts are more irregular,  and the posts of the newer or second chain are usually placed in
comparatively deep vallies.   Beyond these  the whole country attains  a still  higher level,  but its
mountainous  and abrupt features are  mainly on the  southern portion  near  the Pecos river.   The
remainder of the vertical topography is intended to express the principal abrupt mountain ranges and
the general plateaux, and also to show  the predominaitng  chasm-like or canon  character of the  river
borders.  The Colorado of California and its branches, and the middle portion of the Rio Grande, are the
chief instances, and those chasms are often thousands of feet in quite precipitous descents from the general
level of arid and lofty plains and mesas.   There are incomplete points in this topography which should
be noticed;  the mountains north of Fort Owen in Oregon, and the  Bitter Root range at the south
and  west of this point toward Lewis'  Fork of the Columbia, should be much  more distinct.   The
ranges of the Rocky mountains, at the joint sources of the  Grand river, the Arkansas and the Platte, 
6S4
REPORT.
are scarcely complete, as also the northern  and southern portions of the  Great Basin.  Both these
last  districts are little known, further  than that they are made up of isolated basins  and isolated
mountain ranges of great general elevation above the sea.
  Some general features of the  character of the  surface are given where this is necessarily associated
with the climate, as the distinction of particularly arid districts is indispensable to a proper view  of
temperature and rain distribution.  They are distinguished as arid districts primarily, and they may
be either sand-deserts or sage-plains.   Those of the  upper Missouri  are  barren tracts  rather than
either, with a various vegetation  and often  with profuse rains, but wholly uncultivable from several
causes.   The  arid plains between the Platte and Canadian rivers are in greater  part sand-deserts,
especially in the vicinity of Long's and Pike's Peaks, and south of the Arkansas.   The  Llano Esta-
cado is a dry plain of clay and alkaline earths, a portion of it covered with coarse vegetation, for part
of the year at least, and a portion near  the  Pecos is again sand-desert.  The "sage-plains,"  or dry
districts  with little vegetable growth  except varieties of artemisia, begin  on the western border  of
the plains of the eastern  Rocky mountain slope, and cover  much the larger portion of the  whole
country westward; and this predominating aridity it was quite essential  to represent  in connection
with the distribution of temperature and of rain.  In the valley of the lower Rio  Grande a portion
of the arid district is sandy; and the Jornada del Muerto of the upper Rio  Grande, between Fort
Craig and Dona Ana, is mainly sand-desert.   That of the  Colorado of California is the principal
sand-desert, however, and it embraces  a large area of the southern part of the Great Basin.  In the
vicinity of Fort Yuma the sands alternate with tracts of clay, and these, with saline lakes and basins,
and  short abrupt mountain ranges, make up almost the whole of the Great Basin of the interior.  In
Oregon the desert notation is applied to districts half sands and half sage-plains, as in other cases.
     But one distinction of a humid district is made, which is that near the Mississippi and along the
Gulf coast to Florida,  surrounded by an interrupted line.  It defines the district of greatest precipi-
tation in rain,  and of the greatest prevalence of surface waters derived from atmospheric precipitation.
Whether these facts react on the climate is a question which has often been asked.   In a portion of
this district  lagoons and bayous characterize the surface, and  the rivers  are marked  by numerous
lake-like expansions, and in other portions the  heavy rains  are immediately borne off by rivers of
sufficiently rapid descent.   The distinguishing feature is thus the abundance of  water falling in rain
as a constant result, and either with or without the presence of waters so derived in  great quantity on
the  surface.   A district at the sources of the Mississippi is distinguished for the great number of its
fresh-water  lakes  and ponds, and it has  profuse rains at some  period of  the year, but  its general
temperature is too low to identify it with that of the  lower Mississippi, or to render its  introduction
into a physical chart necessary.  On the Pacific  coast of Oregon there are also excessive rains  at the
cold season, and farther up this coast great quantities of water so  accumulated characterize the general
surface, but these are features of a climate generally cold, and are found in much of British America
and  in northwestern Europe.
     The observations here published form  a very ample basis for examination of all  the general
features of climate not observed instrumentally.  The icinds have a prominent place, and it is easy to
distinguisli the general features of atmospheric circulation in the mean results of even the arbitrary
notation  necessarily employed  in observation.  For the purpose  of giving the nearest approximation
to true results the great labor of combining the sums  of the numbers denoting force has been  under-
taken, and in the summaries for single months and for the year the advantages of this course are very 
REPOR T.
685
 apparent, and the differences from simple numerical results show the direction in which the quantities
 should be further changed  to  represent the actual movement in miles per hour.   If the  "sum of
 force" is in one case three times as great as the number of winds, and in another but twice as great,
 the disproportion would be doubled, at least, if the movement were truly represented in miles per
 hour.  A very good resultant  movement may be derived from the sums of force in all cases, and the
 irregularities may thus be reduced to the mean movement with sufficient precision to show what all
 the important movements of surface atmosphere are.
     The clouds and forms of precipitation in rain and snow, with the general phenomena defined by
 the term weather, complete the list of distinctive subjects observed.   These may not be compared as
 positive quantities, like the temperature and rain  measurements,  but they are of great  practical
 interest, and are readily understood  in any scale of notation.   These observations are sufficient for a
 more thorough examination than can now be made, and some of the more prominent points of interest
 only can receive attention.
     The statistics of temperature and amount of rain will be regarded as quantities determined with
 sufficient accuracy for any purpose of scientific comparison, and the number of observations combined
 in the results that are used is thought sufficient to neutralize every considerable error in their details,
 and to leave no doubt of the general correctness of the positions they are assumed to establish.
 Where observations are so greatly multiplied the principal care is required in their arrangement, and
 in the mode of presenting  them, and when this is correctly done they are easily seen to establish
 some general conclusions, and it only becomes necessary to recognize and illustrate these in an intelli-
 gible manner.   In this mode  of treatment  there is no necessity for the introduction of theoretical
 views, and there are few occasions for reference to remote causes or to the solution  of anomalies and
 striking  features of the results beyond what is clearly seen to be the  necessary relations when the
 points are explained.   It is sometimes necessary to go beyond the limits of the continent to explain
 some features of the climate, however, but in" the present case such references may be made to very
 reliable observations, and the resulting illustration is entirely satisfactory.
    Nearly every feature may also be illustrated and explained by the use of numerical quantities and
 of positive measurements.  Even in the case of wind and weather phenomena, the use of a numerical
 notation  has great advantages over the use of symbols or of descriptive terms for the  purposes of
 general comparison,  and the leading results are much more readily disclosed in the summaries.   It
 is not essential that the scales of notation should represent absolute quantities, if the approximation
 is reasonably near, and there has yet been no instrumental measurement of winds which gives better
 results than the  estimate of  the observer carefully made in a scale of one to ten, and the  interpreta-
 tion of these numbers, separately, in miles per hour.  The summaries of these observations here given
 include the "sum of force"  obtained by adding the recorded numbers of this scale, and they are, by
so much, a nearer approximation to positive results than the sums of the number of observations only.
Each of the arbitrary scales of notation was fortunately well adapted to the habit  of observers, and
they were uniform over  so great a period, and embrace so great  a number of observations in the sum-
maries, that they have unusual value, and may be relied upon as expressing quite positive results.
    It is proper to state in this connection {he general principles which have controlled the designation
of observations as inaccurate in any case, and the rejection of single observations or entire records in
the computations. It is, of  course, impossible to submit a mass of observations of this character to
rigid  analytical tests in  detail, or even in the degree of detail which may be applied to the summa- 
i.m;
REPORT.
lies as single results.   The great reliance for eliminating error in all cases has been such comparison
as it was possible to make in recognition of the natural symmetry of this class of phenomena.  This
symmetry appears as decidedly in the relations of general  distribution as in those  of succession or
continuation ;  or, in other words, different portions  of a general district show a correspondence, in
mean results particularly, analogous to the correspondence of successive observations at any one point.
Changes of temperature may, indeed, to a certain extent,  exchange place for time  in the districts
where the atmospheric movements are considerable.
     Marked discrepancies or departures from this  general symmetry are, therefore, conspicuous in
any  class  of observations of this character, and  they may be readily and  safely detached  from any
connection which they clearly distort.  Observations of temperature, particularly, may be so distin-
guished, and their measure of error defined, by mere inspection in  the  proper arrangement, and
the application of the most elaborate formulae  of elimination would accomplish little  more for results
of this character.  The number of observations is now such  in this department of meteorology that no
series of them is isolated, or is dependant on itself alone for principles of correction, but all are points
in a general frame-work of mutual relations and mutual dependance.  It is mainly the power of a field
so extensive to  perfect its own proportions and  symmetry, both  in time,  and in place or area, which is
relied upon  in deduction from the temperature records in the present case, and if the criticism and com-
parison shall  have been made with the proper care, the results are believed to be as reliable as any
which may  be reached at present in this field,  and to be  substantially correct as a whole.   A rigid
mathematical analysis applied  to these  principal series, and to their combination by districts, is  the
most desirable work  remaining to be done, and to show what  light the principal series of meteor-
ological observation which have been carefully discussed throw on this point it may be well to refer
to them here.   The  best published series of American observations  were made nearly at the same
dates by Captain Mordecai,  at the Frankford  Arsenal, near Philadelphia; by Lieutenant  Gilliss, at
the Naval Observatory;  by  Professor Bache, at the observatory of Girard College, Philadelphia; and
by Captains Riddle and Lefroy, at Toronto, at the observatory  established by the British government.
The first series began in 1835,  and was continued five years;  the  next two in 1840, continuing,  one
four and the other five years; and the last in 1841, continuing twelve  years.   The constants derived
from these series were perfect representatives  of the conditions of temperature for these periods, and
the conformity of these results  with them or their differences may show what approximation to posi-
tive results  of a constant character are now made.
     The  results of the  longest  period of observation at Toronto have recently been analyzed, with
great care, by Colonel Sabine,* and the leading features of temperature  and rain distribution disclosed
are taken as sufficiently established by this record alone.   Prominent among these  is the apparent
removal of  the winter minimum of temperature  to  February  14th, or  fifty-five days after the winter
solstice, while  the summer  maximum is twenty-eight days only after the summer solstice.  This is
noticed as an extraordinary anomaly in comparison with the European climate, the mean at several
European stations cited in that connection—Konigsberg, Berlin, Prague, Paris, Padua, and Turin—
giving July 25th  as  the date  of the  maximum, and January 15th  as that of the minimum temper-
ature for the year.  Comparing this with the first result, the  difference for the  summer is but three
days and that for the winter thirty days—showing the existence of a large anomaly in the American
Thil. Trans. Roy. Sor-., 1853. 
REPORT.
687
climate.  By a rough comparison of this Toronto series with others  here, however, we find that it
embraces the greatest non-periodic depression of temperature known to our records, and that a series
which does not include  the  year  in which this occurs,  1843, or one covering a period so great as to
reduce its prominence, gives a very different position for the coldest month and the coldest day, and,
in trutrr removes the apparent anomaly in the constant distribution, altogether.   Of the series at
the military posts that at Fort Snelling, for thirty-five years, gives 4.°2 as the increase  of heat in
February over January, instead of 1°.5*1 diminution, as at Toronto ;  that  at Watervliet, near Albany,
for  thirty-one years, 0°,9 ;  and that at West Point, for the same  period, 0°.52 excess in February
over January.  Forts Brady, Mackinac, and Winnebago are the only extended series conforming to
that at Toronto ; and at each, removing this extreme year, the proportions are restored to those found
elsewhere.   The district of the great lakes has some effect in throwing  the cold minimum forward,
and probably the mean of the most extended  period would show some anomaly for a district central
at Toronto ; but it is readily seen that it does not belong to the eastern United States generally.   If
we  had observations in a similar district of the eastern continent, a similar prolongation of the period
of the greatest cold  would  probably appear, and  there would be found  no anomalous temperature
distribution belonging to the United States in regard to the extremes of the annual curve.  There
are other references to this series in connection with examinations of the annual curve of temperature
and the general distribution for the year.
     The other series here  referred  to do not cover  a period sufficient  to fix any similar point in
general climatology, or  to determine any other constants  than those of  daily variation of tempera-
ture.  As the use of precise formulas for correction of the various hours of observation deduced from
such series  has not  been made in these temperature  statistics, they may be referred to as evidence
that the mean of extensive periods of observation, in a uniform  system, is adequate to show  the
striking  features of general climatology without this detailed correction, and  that short periods, of
the most precise observations, may mislead in regard to these more general features.  An extended
district, and extended periods at several points, become  indispensable  to such a purpose, and the use
of such a mass of observations, as a whole, does not absolutely require precise analysis of its separate
series.
96 
688
REPORT
                  DISTRIBUTION  OF TEMPERATURE,

                                    AND

EXPLANATION  OF  THE  ISOTHERMAL  CHARTS.
MEAN  DISTRIBUTION OF  TEMPERATURE  FOR  THE  THREE MONTHS OF  SPRING.
    The distinguishing feature of the distribution of heat for the spring  over the area covered  by
these observations is its variability, first through the separate months, next in the differences which these
give among themselves at any point, and again in the comparison of districts. The mean of the whole
period has, for this reason, less of the character of a positive quantity for comparison than the means
for summer and for winter, and the relation of the single months is not so direct in comparing districts
as in other seasons.  In some parts of the territory occupied by the military posts March has all the
characteristics of a  winter month,  and in others  May advances  fully  into the summer.   In some
general  districts, as on the Pacific coast below the 40th  parallel, the  temperature is very uniform
through these months, and in others, as on the central and northern portion of the Great Plains, the
differences are quite extreme  between March and May.   The greater area of  the United States,
however, exhibits a  considerable advance in March on the mean temperature of February, and April
and May show nearly uniform differences throughout, April dividing the extremes quite equally, and
representing  the  mean of the three.  When this is the  case the  season may  be  regarded as  an
identified period, capable of sufficiently clear definition as a constant, and of a distinct illustration.
    As  a whole the western half of the continent is much the warmest  for these months, and if the
mountain plateaux did not intervene the isothermals would be quite uniform, without correction  for
the lower altitudes, in their direction across the  continent from west-north-west to east-south-east.
There is a partial  exception in the  lake district to the  uniformity of this direction, and a great
accession of heat occurs in the interior plains west of the Rocky mountains as compared with adjacent
districts, though this does not constitute  a  decided anomaly in the general course of  the lines and
distribution just alluded to.   All the measures observed in the interior at considerable altitudes are
o-reater than would be found at the  same altitudes of southern Europe.
    The relation of the continental or interior temperatures for these months to those of the Atlantic
and Pacific oceans show less of contrast than in summer.  On the Atlantic coast the mean  of the
three months would continue the lines without curvature to the Gulf stream, where they would curve
considerably northward, and follow its general course for some distance.  On the Isothermal Chart the
position of the Gulf stream is given roughly or generally,  as its influence  on the  temperature of the 
REPORT.
689
  sea, in contrast with that of the land, should be recognised at all times when the illustrations of land
  temperatures is considered.   For the northern part of the stream the  designation is brought nearer
  the  coast than the  axis of the warm current, and it there represents rather the portion which is so
  near the coast as to  make reference to it necessary than the principal volume of warm water.
      In May the sea within the Gulf stream is much colder than the continent generally, as  the
  movement of drift ice and cold currents from the Arctic seas is then more decided than in the preceding
  months, while in March the northern portion, at least, is relatively much warmer.  The mean of 32°
  for this last month  has its  position in the southern  part of  New  England and New York, and it
  extends along most of the coast of Maine and at sea in the direction of the southern extremity of New-
  foundland, passing this point at a short distance from the land, in the narrow belt which lies between
  the land and the warm atmosphere of the Gulf stream.  The observations which have been made  at
  Halifax and at St. Johns, Newfoundland,  indicate the  existence of influences greatly depressing the
 temperature of  April and May and rendering the  mean for the whole season below that of  the  same
 latitudes inland.   The mean of five years observation at St. Johns gives 32°.3 as the spring tempera-
 ture, while  at Albion Mines, Nova Scotia,  the mean for ten years is  37°.6*, and at the more northern
 military posts", Forts Kent and Fairfield, it is above 35°.
      The course of the isothermals  of the higher latitudes of the chart is nearly due west from the
 Atlantic coast, except where local divergence from this line is caused by the lakes, to the meridian  of
 Fort Snelling, where  the lines from  45° to 30°, inclusive, make remarkable curvatures northward
 over the northwestern plains.  The statistics of the military posts at present only indicate this result
 generally, and the observations of the military surveys, and at the posts of the Hudson's Bay Company
 have been relied upon for definite positions  here.  The valley and plains of the Saskatchewan river are
 shown  by Richardson to have a much higher temperature than  the districts east in the same or  even
 in  lower latitudes ; the south branch of this river, in latitude  51°, being distinguished by an early
 and rapid  advance of  temperature, giving a mean for  May even  greater than that observed in the
 vicinity of the  great lakes  generally.  The observations at  Fort  Benton, Fort Pierre,  and  Fort
 Laramie confirm these positions sufficiently to render this apparent anomaly clearly an established fact
 of distribution.   The higher temperatures  in these districts belong to each of the spring months  in
 nearly the same degree, and they will appear less extraordinary if we  could suppose the great altitudes
 of the Rocky mountains removed and a configuration there similar to that of western Europe.
     On the  Pacific coast, as on the Atlantic, a considerable  falling  off from the land temperatures
 occurs,  especially in  the last month.  For  the mean  of the  three months, the sea temperatures
 observed off  this coast are  strikingly uniform, and they  show  but little if any advance  on those of
 winter.   For some hundreds of miles, on  the 40th parallel,  there is very little difference in the sea
 temperatures for the entire year ;  and in spring  such observations as we  possess show them to be
 quite the  same between the  35th  and 40th parallels  for thirty degrees  of longitude westward from
San Francisco.  The observations  given in Maury's  Charts furnish about  twenty  measurements
   * From the observations of Henry Poole, Esq., Superintendent of Mines.  Dove gives observations at Halifax, N. S., with a
mean of but 32© for the spring, but they appear inaccurate, and embrace but two years.  In his essay on isothermal lines he remarks
particularly the effect of drift ice in depressing the temperatures of this coast in April and May, and the crowding of the thermal lines
between the Gulf stream and the coast. The general refrigeration of the air, and the intrusion of warmer volumes at times is strikingly
shown in the frequency of ice formation on the trees, and in the dense and almost constant fogs.  For these months the isothermals are
drawn by him  with sharp depressions about Newfoundland and its vicinity. 
090
REPORT.
for eacli area of i\ve degrees extent, in both latitude and longitude, and the means are 56° to  the
125th meridian, 55°.4 to the 130th, 55°.5 to the 135th, 56°.4 to the 140th, 57°.2 to the 145th, and
56° for the last observed area, bounded on the west by the meridian of 150° west  longitude.  These
successive results are substantiallv identical, and they confirm the records at the military posts of the
coast, explaining the cause  of the singular contrast of their temperatures with«those of the interior,
in showing very little increase of heat  as the summer approaches.   It will be seen  by reference to the
analysis of the summer distribution, that the sea then remains nearly at the same temperature for seven
or eight degrees of longitude off the coast, while beyond that point it shows some increase of heat for
May, and a rapid change for the months of summer.   From  this evidence  the isothermals would,
apparently, extend in right lines westward, on leaving the coast in spring,  while  in summer they
curve abruptly northward,  after passing the  cold mass of water.   The Pacific climates appear to be
distinguished for the identity of  the air and  water temperatures, so far as observed,  at  least  the
differences are so small that it is not necessary  to separate them in the purpose of this comparison.
     By reference to the Isothermal Chart for  spring the advance in temperature from April, or the
mean of the three months, to May, is seen to  be very little for the immediate coast, the line of  55°
leaving it near Monterey in both cases. The same line for March differs most from any other, as this
is but little north of San Diego  at its point  of  departure from  the  coast.  The measure of difference
of these extreme positions is, however, less  than three degrees of  latitude, while in the  Mississippi
valley the mean of 55°  for March falls southward of Fort Towson, to 33° of latitude,[and rises in May
above Fort Snelling, to latitude 46°, a range of thirteen degrees, divided quite equally by  its  mean
position at St. Louis.
     The cause of this peculiar uniformity of temperature on the Pacific coast will again be referred to
in connexion with the summer distribution,  as  it then attains its maximum influence, and its charac-
teristics may be more readily recognized.
     The relation of the spring temperatures of the interior of northern Mexico  to those of the adjacent
districts of the United States cannot be noticed for want of observations  there.  A large area of  dry
basins south of the Rio Grande, and extending from El Paso, with some interruptions, to the Gulf of
 Mexico, is warm  at all seasons, and the isothermals of the Rio Grande above Fort Mcintosh may
usually be continued northwestward at least across the Bolson de  Mapimi.  The mountainous districts
 south and westward of these basins are relatively warmer in spring than in summer, though none of
 this interior probably attains the temperatures, either in spring or summer, of the Lower Rio Grande
and Colorado valleys.   The temperature at Vera Cruz for the spring is 77°, and there is probably no
part of the  coasts of Mexico northward which exceed this, and few which attain the mean of 75°,
observed at Fort Yuma and the  military posts of the Lower Rio Grande.
     In the West India islands the spring temperature is above that  at Key West, though the southern
portion of Florida is tropical, the mean at Havana and other points being 78° to 79°.5.   There is
probably  no point, therefore, where the land temperature exceeds that of the sea southward,  or of the
Gulf of Mexico, though they differ very little for the warmer positions named.
     The  principal lines of the  Isothermal Chart differ  five degrees in temperature, and east of the
meridian  of 100° they divide distance  on the meridians with great uniformity.   On the Atlantic side
the range is thirty-five degrees  of temperature for twenty-two degrees of latitude, or, excluding the
lower part of the peninsula of Florida,  thirty degrees of temperature for seventeen of latitude, which is
very nearly a decrease of  temperature  of one degree for forty miles of distance northward.   The same 
REPORT.
691
decrease is found in  the Mississippi valley, and on both these lines the altitude does not attain suffi-
cient importance to  sensibly affect this  result.  The Pacific side is too  irregular to give comparable
measures, but from  the parallel of 30° to Astoria, the same distance which was taken in the first case,
there is but one-third the difference in temperature, or one degree for one hundred and twenty miles
northing.   If the comparison were carried to Sitka, latitude 57°, but five degrees of temperature more
are lost, and the same proportion or rate of diminution is still maintained.
  The relation of the differences separating the isothermals of the principal portion of the continent
east of  the Rocky Mountains is such that the successive months of spring would remove one to very
near the position of another, and  the mean of 65° for May, of 55° for April, and of 45° for March,
would occupy nearly the same position.  The lines as drawn are quite correct representatives of the
temperature of  April.  To place on these the temperatures of May the line of 60° becomes 70°, that
of 55° becomes 65°, &c. ; and the reverse if  March is illustrated.   This feature of  the  temperature
distribution for these months will be better  understood by reference to the following  measures  of
increase of heat through the spring months at several stations.  The quantities given are the differences
from March to April, April to May, and May to June, all  taken from the mean results of the series.
  In the south  these measures of difference are less,  and  in the northwest they are  greater than ten
degrees, but for much the largest portion of the area east of the plains this number would indicate the
march  of temperature in these months quite correctly.   The  differences at  the  posts of the Pacific
coast and at some European stations will illustrate the contrast presented in this  season there:
Mean of March.	March to April.	April to May.	May to Jur
30.8	9.6	8.8	7.6
32.5	10.4	9.9	10.3
38.3	10.4	10.7	9.0
34.5	9.7	11.5	9.4
39.0	10.9	11.0	8.3
42.3	10.4	10.4	8.6
46.8	10.3	11.1	8.1
55.8	9.3	7.0	7.0
52.2	8.8	8.1	7.7
43.1	12.6	9.7	7.4
42.3	12.7	10.0	9.2
43.4	10.0	11.4	8.8
35.4	10.8	9.8	9.6
31.3	12.1	12.3	10.3
31.4	14.9	12.6	9.5
42.2	13.3	8.2	7.7
33.8	18.0	10.4	10.7
34.5	12.6	11.7	10.0
36.8	10.8	8.5	11.2
56.0	5.2	1.5	4.6
51.4	2.3	3.0	1.1
52.8	2.5	0.0	3.5
49.6	1.5	3.7	4.2
44.1	8.4	6.4	3.7
56.7	6.2	6.0	4.9
66.1	7.3	4.3	10.5
40.7	10.5	1 5.8	11.8
Stations.
Fort Sullivan...............
Fort Preble.................
Fort Columbus.............
Fort Niagara...............
Alleghany Arsenal........
Fort McHenry.............
Fort Washington...........
Augusta Arsenal...........
Fort Gibson...............
Fort Scott.................
St. Louis..................
Newport Barracks..........
Detroit....................
Fort Howard...............
Fort Snelling...............
Fort Leavenworth..........
Council Bluffs..............
Fort Kearney..............
Fort Laramie...............
San Diego, California......•.
Monterey, California........
San Francisco, California....
Fort Orford, Oregon........
Fort Vancouver, Oregon....
Fort Miller,  California.......
Fort Yuma,  California.......
Santa Fe., New Mexico,.... 
692
    REPORT.

STATIONS—Continued.
Stations.
Mean of March. March to April
Fort Union, New Mexico....
Fort Massachusetts, N. M...
Fort Defiance, New Mexico..
London, England...........
Dublin.....................
Paris......................
Amsterdam.................
Vienna ....................
Berlin.....................
St. Petersburg.............
Moscow...................
Sebastopol.................
Barnaoul, Russia in Asia ....
Pekin, China...............
Fort Ripley, Minnesota.....
Fort Churchill, Brit. Amer...
Boothia Felix, Brit. Amer...
  39.3
  31.3
  38.3
  42.5
  43.2
  44.0
  40.7
  40.8
  38.1
  25.5
  26.7
  42.3
   9.2
  43.1
  24.3
  12.0
—28.7
 9.9
13.6
 8.3
 4.4
 4.8
 5.7
 7.4
11.0
 9.3
11.6
15.0
 8.6
24.1
13.1
16.4
 8.0
26.2
April to May.
 7.1
 4.6
 4.4
 6.6
 6.3
 9.6
 7.6
10.3
 9.1
11.4
12.7
10.6
17.4
11.1
12.2
18.0
18.2
May to June.
 9.5
 8.8
13.0
 7.0
 5.9
 4.6
 6.8
 5.4
 6.8
11.4
 8.0
10.5
11.0
 7.3
10.0
12.0
18.5
  These comparisons show that the advance  of temperature in spring is quite uniform through the
three months, and that the central areas of the United States correspond with Germany and Central
Europe in this respect.   From  March to April  and from  April to May the advance is more regular
than in the approach to the mean for March and to that for June.   In short, the uniformity of the
advance in temperature belongs to a less period than three months in the continental climates.   The
least advance belongs to the coast of California,  and  it has been  alluded  to already to some extent.
Even the interior posts of Yuma and Miller,  where  excessive heats prevail in summer, show a less
rapid march of temperature in spring than  the  Atlantic posts.   The more elevated district of New
Mexico alone exhibits  the characteristics of a continental climate  in this respect.   The  modified
climates of Western Europe appear in the measures for London, Paris, &c, and at Moscow and Bar-
naoul, European and Asiatic Russia, the great measures of difference belonging to the most extreme
continental climates appear.  Fort Ripley gives the most extreme measures observed at any point in
the United States, and the Arctic regions of British America alone  exhibit the differences which are
found in the interior of Asia, but which are there connected with much higher absolute temperatures.
     The district of most rapid advance of temperature in  spring in the  United States has  also  a
comparatively high temperature  for the month  of  March,  so  that the transition to summer is
completed before June.  At Council Bluffs March is warmer than  at Fort Sullivan, and the difference
between this month and April is twice as great at the former post.  The average of twenty degrees
advance in the two months at eastern stations generally corresponds to an  average of twenty-eight for
a large area central at Fort Snelling, and an  average of  twenty-five degrees for  a  still  larger area
surrounding this, and reaching to the lakes on the east, to St.  Louis and Fort  Kearney,  and to near
the sources  of the Missouri northwestward.   The greatest mean advance is  of eighteen  degrees for
thirty days, or six-tenths of a degree daily.
    The irregular or non-periodic distribution of heat  for the spring  is a feature of great practical as
well as  scientific  importance,  and it presents  more noticeable points, which do not appear in the
determined  mean temperatures, than any other part of the year.  Some of the more prominent of these 
REPORT.
693
appear in the comparison of the means for the same month and of the same season for successive years;
and some measures of the last named variation are  illustrated in the isothermal charts  by the lines
representing the maximum and minimum positions of an isothermal of any degree.   The areas east
Rocky mountains only could be intelligibly illustrated in this manner, as the periods at the newer of the
posts are insufficient to show whether the entire measure of range is embraced.   This period is ample
for the older posts, however, as a series of fifty years since 1800, and detached series previous to that
date from 1743, exhibit no extremes greater than the low temperature of 1843 and the high temperature
of 1842  for the spring.  Extremes  scarcely less than these fall between the years 1830 and 1840
in some limited districts.
     As illustrated by the lines of the chart, the minimum  of any degree is designed to represent the
extreme point to which the temperature of any locality on the line may fall in any year,  and not the
lowest position of the line in any single year for the whole area.  The lowest point observed in the
Mississippi valley rarely occurs at the same time that the greatest extreme falls on the Atlantic coast;
the  lines are, therefore, the  measures of maximum variability at each point.  Comparing these
measures on the Atlantic coast, the range  of the mean of 45° is  from Fort  Mifflin to Hancock
Barracks, about seven degrees of latitude, and somewhat more above or north  of its mean position
than south of it.  In  the west its greatest range is from near Fort Ripley to a point midway between
Fort Leavenworth and Fort Scott, one of these last giving 42°.5, and the other 47°.5 as the minimum
in 1843, and the short period at Fort Ripley giving 42°.5 as  the maximum in 1855.   The measure
of range at Fort Snelling is 5°.2 above the mean in 1825,  and 12°.1 below it in 1843.   The  same
measure of range would give a maximum of 45° at Fort Ripley, and the range of this isothermal, as
thus defined, is over nearly nine degrees of latitude, or more than six hundred miles.   The range in
distance is no greater than this on the western border of the Plains, apparently, though the isothermals
are much more widely separated there, as the variation of temperatures in successive years is certainly
much less.  As a possible transfer of the  mean temperature of an entire  season,  the  measure for all
parts of the eastern and central areas is certainly very  great, and it has no parallel at  the European
stations where the same period has been observed and the comparison may be fairly made.
     The maximum and minimum position of other lines between 40° and 65° has nearly the same
measure of range, diminishing, however, towards both extremes.   There is some conformity to a
rule placing a minimum of any degree in the position of a mean of five degrees greater, and a
maximum on a mean  of five degrees less ;—thus the  maximum of 45°  is nearly identical with the
mean of 40°, and the minimum  of 55°  with the  mean of 60°.  One  decided exception to  this  is
found in the greater depression of the minima of 40° and 45° in the Mississippi valley,  or the  greater
separation of  these  from the mean lines  which they elsewhere  so nearly  follow.  The  greater
depressions  of temperature, as well as the greater heats here, attain  their most extreme measures, as
may be seen in the record for 1843 particularly.
     On the Pacific coast  the measures of variation   would, from analogy, be  much less, and the
limited period of observation gives insufficient data for illustrating this feature  of variability.  At
Fort Steilacoom, for six years, the greatest range is 2°.5, at Fort Vancouver 2°.5, at San Francisco
3°, at Benicia 4°.5, and at San Diego 4°.5—the same six years, 1850  to 1855, giving 8° variation
at Fort Snelling,  11° at Fort Leavenworth,  5° at Alleghany Arsenal, and 4°.6 at  Fort Columbus.
In New Mexico the range for the few years observed appears to be large, yet the observations are not 
694
REPORT.
entirely reliable at Fort Fillmore  and Albuquerque, where  the  greatest differences of 10° and 6°.7
occur, the extreme years being 1852 and 1855.
    In  the lower portions of Texas and  Florida—districts approaching tropical temperatures—the
former gives  a range of 4°. 5 at two or three posts—Fort Mcintosh and Ringgold Barracks—for the
last six years, and the latter a much less range, or but 1°.5 in the latitude of Fort Brooke, and but 2°
at Key West.  At two or three  posts in Florida a sufficiently extended series of years has been
observed to give  the probable extremes of the spring temperature there, and from these 1838 and
1843 appear to have given the lowest temperatures, which were 4°.5 below the mean at Fort Marion,
3°.5 at Fort  Brooke, and 2°.l  at Key West.  The highest were  in 1826 at the first two localities,
and in 1854 at Key West, the differences  being 5°.8, 3°.6, and 1°.8 respectively.  The range in
Northern Florida and  Texas shows a measure  of variability in  the  spring temperatures  which
identifies these  districts  with those  having  continental  climates,  notwithstanding  their  high
temperature.
    The range of the mean temperatures of single months is much greater than might be anticipated
from  the measures just given, and two or three representative stations may be  cited  which will
sufficiently show what  it is.  At  West Point  the  range for March  is 20° between 1842 and 1843, at
Watervliet 17° for the  same dates, at Alleghany Arsenal 20°.7, at Detroit 22°.5,  at  Fort  Brady
18°.1, at Fort Crawford 25°.7,  and at Fort Snelling  34°.5—in each  series here cited  these years
presenting both extremes in much greater  degree than any others observed.   In lower latitudes Fort
Monroe  gives 20°. 1 as the variation for the same dates, Fort Marion 14°.6, Mount Vernon Arsenal
18°.9, New Orleans 19°.3, Fort  Towson  26°.1,  Fort Gibson 23°, and St. Louis 33°.2.  In lower
Florida, Fort Brooke gives 10°.3, but Key West unfortunately was not observed.   In nearly all the
tables of the  longer periods the years  1842 and 1843  give the  extreme  measures of the  series, and
the highest measure is generally at  the  mean temperature  of the next month, April, while the
lowest, in 1843, is several degrees below the mean of  January in every case.  This is an instance of
the oscillations characteristic of  American temperature range, where the extreme depressions go
much farther below the averages than the  extreme heats rise above  them—the fall of temperature in
the present case at Fort Snelling being 26°.8, while the excess  of the  warm extreme was but 7°.7.
For several posts near Fort Snelling the absolute mean for 1843 was but two or three degrees above
the lowest temperatures of any winter month.
     The range of mean temperature in April and May is much less, that for April at Fort Snelling
being 22°, or eleven degrees below in 1850, and eleven above in  1839.  At Fort Leavenworth the
same dates give  18°.5  of range,  at Fort Howard 15°, Alleghany Arsenal 15°, West Point 12°, and
Fort Sullivan 10°.  The variability remains large, however, at southern posts; at Fort Monroe 12°,
St. Augustine 10°, Fort Brooke 6°, and New Orleans  7°.5.   There are no conspicuous years giving
extremes which extend over the  whole area.
     The following table will give a sufficient number of these citations in  tabular form to  enable
any one to recognize the principal features of this division of temperature distribution. 
                         REPO RT.

General Range of Mean Temperatures in the Spring  Months.
695
Fort Snelling......
Fort Leavenworth .
Jefferson Barracks .
Fort Gibson.......
Fort Jesup........
New Orleans......
Fort Brooke.......
Key West.........
Foct Moultrie.....
Fort Monroe.......
Fort McHenry.....
Fort Columbus
Alleghany Arsenal.
Watervliet  Arsenal
West Point........
Fort Constantine...
Fort Sullivan......
Ringgold Barracks.
Fort Mcintosh.....
San Diego.........
Benicia...........
Fort Steilacoom...
Fort Vancouver....
MARCH.
39.1
53.4
58.7
62.2
68.5
71.3
72.9
76.5
64.0
57.2
47.9
44.6
46.7
42.0
46.7
39.5
35.4
74.1
74.2
58.4
56.4
50.0
47.7
 4.7
17.4
25.5
39.5
41.6
52.0
62.6,
70.2,
48.8
37.1
30.1
30.3
26.0
25.2
26.7
26.5
27.2
65.5
65.3
54.6
50.3
37.3
40.2
 7.7'
11.2
13.7
10.0
 9.1J
 7.2
26.7
24.8
19.5
12.6
17.8
12.1
APRIL.
5.2	5.1
2.7	2.6
5.4	9.8
8.9	11.2
5.6	12.2
6.3	8.0
7.7	13.0
8.0	8.8
9.1	10.9
5.8	7.2
4.6	3.6
3.5	5.1
5.2	3.7
2.4	1.4
3.4	2.7
5.9	6.8
4.8	2.7
34.5
36.0
33.2
22.7
26.9
19.3
10.3
 6.3
15.2
20.1
17.8
14.3
20.7
16.8
20.0
13.0
 8.2
 8.6
 8.9
 3.8
 6.1
12.7
 7.5
1842
1842
1842
1842
1826
1842
1826
1854
1828
1842
1842
1842
1842
1842
1842
1831
1831
1854
1854
1855
1855
1855
1855
1843
1843
1843
1843
1843
1842
1843
1855
1843
1843
1843
1843
1843
1843
1843
1843
1850
1855
1855
1854
1854
1850
1852
57.3
64.0
65.6
68.7
71.6
74.4
75.9
78.1
69.3
62.8
56.9
53.5
59.5
53.4
54.6
47.6
45.5
77.7
78.2
63.7
60.1
56.6
51.5
35.4
45.5
48.5
55.3
62.3
67.1
69.8
73.1
61.9
51.0
47.4
44.1
44.4
37.2
42.5
38.7
35.9
76.2
74.0
57.7
56.1
48.1
46.5
21.9
18.9
17.1
13.6
 9.3
 7.3
 6.1
 5.0
 7.4
11.8
 9.5
 9.4
15.1
16.2
12.1
 8.9
 9.6
 1.5
 4.2
 6.0
 4.0
 8.5
 5.0
1839
1839
1845
1839
1823
1840
1840
1843
1826
1842
1848
1844
1844
1844
1827
1827
1844
1852
1853
1855
1851
1850
1851
1850
1850
1850
1850
1829!
1846
1828
1837
1835
1850
1841
1838
1852
1838
1838
1838
1832
1855
1850
1852
1843
1852
1852
57
68.2
67.1
73.7
74.2 62
77.9,68
78.4'68
79.772
81.2 77
77.3
72.2
70.1
64.9
65.4
67.2
68.1
59.2
55.8
83.8
84.5
66.0
61.8
60.2 57
57.654
16.3
 7.8
16.2
11.9
 9.4
 9.8
 7.5
 4.2
11.2
10.6
14.4
10.5
11.5
13.8
14.6
11.0
10.8
 6.9
 8.1
 5.3
 5.4
 3.0
 3.2
1829
1833
1829
1829
1826
1844
1826
1843
1828
1844
1833
1826
1842
1826
1826
1828
1831
1851
1852
1855
1851
1850
1853
1842
1837
1838
1838
1838
1838
1838
1838
1829
1849
1841
1850
1850
1850
1850
4837
1841
1850
1850
1854
1854
1854
1851
     From this table it will be seen that the range of variability is somewhat greater than the differ-
ences of successive months on the whole, though if the single extreme of March, 1843,  were removed
there would be great uniformity in these two measures of variation.
     The measures of variability at any point of a large area in a series of years, may be derived from
the mean of several stations, and we find fifteen posts  on the Atlantic coast to give seven and a half
degrees as  the greatest  change to which  this  district, as a  whole, has been  subjected.  The  same
process gives for  the interior,  including  the Lake  district and the southwest, twenty-four stations, a
mean of nine and two-tenths  degrees  of range.   The  area of greatest variability near  the Upper
Mississippi  gives, from seven stations, fourteen and eight-tenths degrees.
     In all  forms of this comparison these measures are very large, applied as they are to the mean
of a period of ninety days, and they indicate  the great  importance which  the law of non-periodic
variations of temperature has in this climate.
     The average variability, derived from the  mean of the departures in both directions, is also an
important  phase, particularly at these months.   It is  the change which may be expected in every
year;  and the following selection  of three  principal  series  will  give, in the same connection, the
               97 
696
REPORT
departures for each month, as derived by comparison with  the  mean for the whole period, and the
means and extremes of these departures:

Series  and JLeau of Variations of Temperature for the Spring Months, at three principal Posts, front
                                                1820 to 1854.
FORT COLUMBUS.
March. ; April. .  May.  Spring.
38.3
Average departure
  from the mean...
Greatest departure.
Greatest range ....
+3.
—1.
—0.
+5.
—0.
+]■
4-2.
—0,
+2,
+3,
+0
—2
+1,
->2.
—6
—3
—0
+0
+2
—0
4-6
—8
+0
+3
+i
—2
—2
—0
—2
+1
—1
4-1
—2
48.6
+3.7
+1.0
+1.3
+2.7
—5.4
+3.4
—3.4
+3.6
+4.2
+1.3
—0.4
+2.7
—0.2
—2.8
—4.3
—2.6
—4.5
+1.2
+2.8
—2.7
+2.9
—1.3
+4.9
+2.2
+1.7
+0.9
+1.5
—1.1
—4.6
+0.5
—4.9
—0.5
—3.6
59.3
+4.0
—0.5
—1.3
+3.2
+5.6
+0.2
+0.7
+4.5
+1.0
+1.8
—3.2
+1.4
—2.8
—0.9
—1.3
—4.0
—3.2
—1.6
—1.3
—2.8
—0.9
—0.2
+4.0
+1.2
+1.1
+0.2
+2.1
—4.3
—4.9
—1.1
+1.0
+1.0
+0.6
FORT GIBSON.*
March.  April
2.30
 8.0
14.3
2.59
 5.4
10.3
2.06
 5.6
10.5
+3.9
+0.4
—0.2
+3.8
—0.1
+1.6
—0.0
+2.6
+2.7
+2.4
—0.9
+0.6
—0.5
—2.1
—3.9
—3.5
—2.7
  0.0
+1.2
—2.1
+2.8
—3.1
+3.1
+2.4
+1.3
—0.4
+1.1
—1.9
—3.8
+0.3
—1.8
+0.6
—1.7
52.2
1.80
 3.9
 7.8
+ 1.2
+ 4.5
+ 5.2
+ 9.1
+ 0.9
+ 2.5
— 3.9
+ 5.2
+ 1.5
+ 3.0
— 1.8
+ 0.3
— 1.0
— 6.1
— 2.0
+ 1.5
+ 1.5
+ 2.3
— 0.1
+10.0
—13.7
— 1.8
— 1.7
+ 0.5
— 5.2
+ 0.9
+ 3.6
— 2.8
+ 1.9
+ 1.8
— 2.8
+ 4.4
62.1
May.
Spring.
68.8
3.27
13.7
23.7
+4.1
—3.0
—0.5
+2.8
+2.1
—3.0
—2.6
+3.1
+2.0
+2.1
+1.8
+5.8
—1.9
+3.3
—6.4
+3.6
+6.8
+1.4
—0.3
+2.0
+0.3
+4.2
+6.3
—0.3
+3.9
—4.8
—1.6
—6.8
—3.9
—3.3
+1.2
—1.6
3.02
 6.8
13.6
+3.4
+2.8
+4.0
+4.2
—1.5
+2.5
+5.3
+1.1
—0.7
+0.9
+2.1
+3.5
+2.8
+2.4
—2.5
—6.5
+2.5
+0.3
—0.6
+1.3
—1.9
+1.1
—1.8
+1.2
—3.3
+1.9
+0.1
—2.2
+3.4
+1.3
—4.0
—1.2
2.32
 6.5
11.8
61.0
+3.0
+1.5
+3.0
+5.4
+0.5
+0.7
—0.4
+3.1
+0.6
+2.0
+0.7
+3.2
—0.0
—0.1
—3.6
—0.5
+3.7
+1.3
—0.3
+4.5
—4.8
+1.2
+1.0
+ 0.5
—1.5
—0.6
+0.7
—3.9
+0.5
—0.1
—1.8
+0.5
FORT SNELLING.
March.  April
1.72
 5.4
10.2
  31.4
— 5.0
— 2.4
+ 6.0
— 1.6
— 7.6
+ 4.£)
— 1.8
+ 0.3
+ 0.8
— 1.6
+ 2.6
+ 0.8
+ 6.6
+ 2.7
+ 0.9
+ 1.3
—11.2
— 6.9
+ 6.0
— 1.8
+ 3.4
+ 1.8
+ 7.7
—26.8
+ 1.5
+ 3.1
+ 7.0
+ 7.6
— 3.2
— 1.2
— 7.4
+ 7.9
— 4.6
— 8.4
— 0.7
4.72
26.8
34.9
  46.3
+ 6.4
— 5.7
— 2.6
+ 2.9
— 4.6
+ 8.9
— 8.6
— 1.6
— 1.3
+ 1.7
+ 5.4
— 1.2
+ 7.6
+ 5.4
+ 5.3
— 2.3
— 2.7
— 5.0
— 4.6
+10.9
+ 1.2
— 8.2
+ 3.5
— 2.8
+ 5.1
+ 1.3
+ 0.0
— 0.1
— 1.6
— 6.6
—10.9
+ 3.8
— 3.3
— 1.4
+ 2.2
May.
4.20
10.9
21.8
Spring.
 59.0
+1.7
—1.9
+2.3
—2.0
—2.7
+2.0
47.8
44.0
+1.3
+9.2
+0.8
+2.2
—3.1
+2.1
+2.8
+3.6
+5.3
—4.9
—5.9
—1.8
+4.9
+0.8
—7.1
—6.7
—3.9
+1.9
+4.7
—6.3
+1.2
—4.2
—3.1
—1.0
—0.5
—4.0
—1.1
3.40
 9.2
16.3
* At Fort Jesup to 1827. 
                                           REPORT.                                       697
     From this table it will be seen that the oscillations  are almost constant, and that very few
instances of small departure occur.   The constant oscillation at Fort Snelling, for March, is 4°.7;
at Fort Gibson, 3°.27;  and at  Fort Columbus, 2°.3.   It  diminishes  through the other  months, and
for the whole period is scarcely two-thirds of the average of the single months.  This indicates that
the  quantities extinguished  in obtaining  the mean  of the three months,  or the compensating
quantities, constitute but  a  third  of those  considered, and that the variations, either  in time or in
degree, cover two-thirds of the period, or influence  two-thirds of its measure of heat.  This fact also
demonstrates the truth of  the  suggestion elsewhere made, that the period we designate  as Spring is,
on the whole, too long for identification as  a single quantity in the continental temperate regions of
this  hemisphere.  The  natural seasons are unequally divided  in time,  in  truth,  the winter and
summer being longer, and the  spring and autumn being shorter than ninety days.*
     The remaining  feature of this variability is the  range of single observations through  these
months, and particularly through  April and May.  An analysis  which would give the mean position
of these single extremes for every year, and the absolute position of each, as selected from the whole
series, would best express the  more desirable  form of the result.  Thus it is important to know to
what degree we may expect the temperature to fall, at any single observation, in each of the spring
months, in the several districts, or the mean of the minima and maxima, and, also, to know what is
the very highest  and very lowest point possible to be attained in a series of years.   The line of 32°,
as a minimum for each month, is also quite  necessary in a practical climatology.
     The  last point, or the districts in which  the thermometer generally falls to near  the  freezing
point once or more in the course of the month, may be readily defined without a tabular  statement.
     On the coast of California an examination of the minima for five years affords  but two instances
of the observation of 32° in March; while in the  interior, and in Oregon,  it may be anticipated
several times in this month, though the lowest observed point at stations not  much elevated is 19°.
In April  it is never reached  in California at the sea level,  or  near it, and  rarely in Oregon—at
Puget's Sound three times  in six years.   In May there are  no instances of its occurrence on the
Pacific coast, except at stations elevated two thousand feet, or more.
     At Fort Yuma, in the valley of the Colorado, the freezing point never is reached in spring.
     At all the stations of  New Mexico the temperature constantly  falls below  32° in every month of
spring, and at Fort  Massachusetts  and Fort Defiance it usually does so in June.
     In Texas there is no frost  or ice in the lower Kio Grande valley in these months, though it twice
occurs at Fort Duncan, and the posts  of that vicinity, in March.   Perhaps a more extended series of
years would give instances of severe frost in the  principal  portion of this  valley in March,  though
there could be none in the following months.  All the remaining portion of Texas has the occurrence
of frosts in March regularly ; in April, for the lower districts, very rarely, though they  occur in half
the years, or more, at the posts  on the plateaux elevated one thousand to two thousand feet; but
never in May at any point not mountainous.
  In the principal area of the United States eastward, the  lower portion of the  peninsula of Florida
below Fort Brooke is the only  portion not liable to  frosts in March in extreme  years.  From the year

  * An admirable analysis of ten years'  observations at Albion Mines, Nova Scotia, has been made by their author, Henry Poole, esq.,
by which it appears that the seasons there are naturally resolved into periods of 66 and 63 days for spring and  autumn, and 120 and
116 days for winter and summer. The winter minimum temperature is January 20th, or thirty days after the solstice, and the summer
maximum, July 22d, or thirty-one days after the solstice. The mean annual temperature is passed on May 1st and November 4th
forty-one and forty-four days after the equinoxes, respectively. 
698
REPORT.
1822, when observations were either at that district or so near it as to decide the point, twelve years
occur in which the thermometer fell to 32° or lower as far south as Fort King, and in two  of these
years at  least, 1835  and 1843, it fell to the freezing  point as far  southward as Fort Brooke.   In
something more than half the years of the period now observed, the coast  of the Gulf and of the
Atlantic to Charleston experiences one or more instances of a temperature of 32° in this month.
     In April the line of ice and frosts, or a temperatures at or near 32°,* recedes to Fort Monroe  and
Fort Gibson, and they are much more rare at either of these posts than at Florida stations in March.
The depressions of temperature in which they occur are, however, frequently connected with falls of
snow in the Atlantic States, and they usually affect the  more elevated portions of all the States east
of Alabama.   In 1854 a heavy fall of snow occarred at the middle of the month in  Virginia, and ice
was formed in the vicinity of Charleston, South Carolina.   Though frosts are  quite frequent in this
month at  St. Louis, there are few  instances of the formation of ice in the latitude  of Fort Gibson ;
light hoar frosts occur in almost every year, however, and sometimes as far southward as Baton Rouge.
These may occur at an air temperature of 43° in the ordinary positions of the thermometer.
     In May the line of ice formation rises to St. Louis, Newport barracks, (Cincinnati,) Fort Mifflin,
(Philadelphia,) and the posts of New York harbor, and at these points the temperature of 32° is not
found in every year.  Ice is formed during the first half of the month to this  latitude in the interior
districts, however, quite regularly, and hoar frosts occur in the remainder  where  the  altitude is
noticeable and at some distance from the coast.  At the  close of this month frosts  disappear from all
portions of the United States territory, except at the highest altitudes cultivated.  In connection with
the general range of temperature  extremes  the  mean and absolute minimum  temperatures for these
months will be given.
     The features of temperature distribution for these months are more important in every sense than
those of other months, and a corresponding effort has been made  to indicate  clearly what they are.
The comparison of the areas affected similarly or otherwise by the extremes of temperature occurring
in the daily changes belongs more appropriately to the dynamics of the climate.

    * The temperatures used in this comparison for the spring months are lower than those taken in autumn, as will be seen by
reference to  the comparison for that season.  One reason for this difference is, that air temperatures of 36° to 40° more rarely form ice
or hoar frost in spring, and consequently have less effect on vegetation, and are less marked phenomena. 
REPORT.
699
DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURE FOR THE  THREE MONTHS OF  SUMMER.
     The chief points of difference between the temperature distribution of the two continents of the
northern hemisphere appear in the summer more decidedly than at any other season,  and distinguish
the isothermal illustration for this season by some extreme and apparently inexplicable curvatures.
The difficulty of illustrating this distribution is increased by taking the actual superficial distribution
of heat as the principle on which the  chart is constructed, because of the great  altitude of the plains
and mountainous districts of the interior and western  portions of the continent.  These plains and
plateaux are generally characterized  by very high summer  temperatures  also, and  in the detailed
examination and  comparison of these districts, these altitudes,  and the particular problem of vertical
distribution of heat will require some notice.
     Generally the summer temperatures show a great change from those of the winter months, and the
interior areas which are but little elevated above the sea exhibit almost or quite unparalleled measures
of heat.  These warmer portions exceed even the  tropical districts  of the continent  in mean tempe-
ratures for these months, and they still more exceed those of the adjacent seas on the south.   The
mean surface temperature of the  Gulf of Mexico, and of the coasts of all parts  where the trade wind
and sea breeze and the  tropical  rains  prevent any accession from the radiation of land surfaces,
appears to be very nearly  at the mean of eighty degrees for the summer; and the West India islands
generally, at positions with the usual  land surface  exposures, at a mean of eighty-one and a half and
eighty-two degrees for the  same months.*   On the  tropical coasts, where the rainy season is most
perfectly developed in summer, and continues most uniformly, as on the coasts  and islands  of Granada
and the isthmus of Panama, the  mean is still lower, and often  as low as  78° for July.
    The districts distinguished by these extra-tropical temperatures in the  United States embrace the
dry interior of Florida, which has a mean of eighty-two degrees or more for the summer, and a large
    *■ The results of several series of observations in the West India islands correspond strikingly in the measures of mean temperature
for the summer where the conditions of exposure are alike, as the following citations show :
                                                                        Degrees.
                          Havana.........series of 8 years, from Kaemtz...........  81.3
                          Matanzas............do.. 3 years.....do.................  81.7
                          Jamaica.............do. .5 years.....do.................  81.3
                          St. Bartholomew.....do. .2 years.....do.................  81.3
                          Havana.............do. .3 years, from Ferrer............  83.3
                          Kingston.............do. .5 years, from Lindsay...........  81.1
    The average temperature of the surface waters of the Gulf, as recorded in Maury's charts, is one authority for deduction of the
air temperature.  The following records confirm the assumed distribution : At Tortola, W. I., 2 years, 80.6 degrees; at Barbadoes, 1
year, 78.5 degrees, from Dove;  at Caracas, one year, 74.4 degrees, from Kaemtz ; at Vera Cruz, one year, 80.2 degrees, United States
Army Meteorological Register,  1847.  And generally the results at coast stations of the Gulf, as Cedar Keys, Fort Morgan, Camp
Sabine, fitc.
    By many comparisons, Humboldt determines the mean temperature of the sea to be greater than that of the air above it, between
the  equator and 48° of north and south  latitude, (Pers. Nar., vol. vii, p. 424.)   This  is doubtless more  uniformly the case in the
Atlantic than in the enclosed seas of the West Indies; and it is  remarked by Humboldt, indeed, who gives as the mean annual  tem-
perature of the West Indian sea 79.6 degrees, with 82.3 degrees for the hottest season, (in February and March,) and 77  degrees for
the coldest, which is in November and December.  The summer of the north temperate zone would give little more than 80° for the
water temperature, and it could  not  be placed above 80° for the air.— (Ibid, p. 410.) 
700
REPORT.
area beginning near Savannah on the east, and extending through the whole low country of the Gulf
States westward to the  Rio Grande.   In Texas  this  belt  is much  enlarged, and it borders on and
embraces a large district in the valley of the lower Rio Grande, where the summer mean temperature
exceeds eighty-five degrees.   In the upper valley of the Rio Grande they again appear, notwithstand-
ing the increased altitude of three thousand five  hundred feet, on the Mexican side at the  Bolson de
Mapimi,  and in the valley at Presidio del Norte, as at several points in the more narrow valley on the
north  side of the Rio  Grande below and at El Paso.   The valley of the Colorado river of California is
the district of greatest excess, however, the summer mean here reaching ninety degrees.   A consider-
able portion of the desert bordering this river on the west doubtless is quite the same as the military
position at Fort Yuma, though no other part has been observed.    West  of the Sierra Nevada another
district of extra-tropical  temperatures exists, in the  San Joaquin valley, represented by Fort Miller, at
which pest the mean  summer temperature for three years is eighty-five and a half  degrees.
     The  lower valley of the Colorado has few parallels in temperate latitudes in its measure of mean
temperature, if, indeed,  a parallel in the same latitudes may anywhere be found.*  But this and the
other last-mentioned extreme districts  are still more  remarkable for the single extremes observed in
these months,  and in  the mean temperature at the extreme hour of 3 p. m.  At Ringgold barracks, in
the Rio Grande valley, the mean of the observations at 3  P. m. for the entire  three  summer months of
1850 is one hundred and one  and  two-tenths degrees, (101°.2,)   and the  single extremes reach  one
hundred  and seven degrees for each month.  Other stations in the same district give results so near
to these that no considerable error of the instrument may be supposed to exist.   In 1851 the measures
for the same dates are but two or three degrees less in the means, and  quite as great in the single
readings  at these posts, and in  1852 and 1853 they are very little  different from, and on the whole as
great as those of 1851.  Still  higher  single readings are recorded in the Colorado and San Joaquin
valleys of California, at  Forts Yuma and Miller, the highest being 121° at  Fort Miller, in  July, 1853,
and  116° at Fort  Yuma, in June of the same year.   The highest monthly mean for any hour is that
at Fort  Miller, for June, 1852, of 108°.4,  at 3 p. m.,  with a  single  maximum reading  of 116°.
There are  frequent instances  of a mean  temperature for a summer  month  exceeding  one hundred
degrees at 3 p. m., one of which occurred at Fort  Gibson in August,  1834,  and many within the  five
years  of  observation in Texas, New Mexico, and California.
     The  concurrence  of  so  many records establishes  the  position that the summer temperatures of
several districts in the  temperate  latitudes of this continent largely exceed  those measures in its
humid tropical climates, at least, if they are not quite unparalleled at any point.f   As  these  appear
   * In the collection of temperature tables by Dove some stations in India and Persia are given with very high temperatures, yet the
periods are short, and some doubt rests on the adaptation of the  hours to give the true mean.  At Bagdad, Bassora, and Abusherehr,
Persia, observations are recorded giving 92° and 93° for the mean of summer, but no mention is made of the hours of observation.  At
many points in India the months of May and June exhibit excessive heats, but the summer is usually a rainy season, and of a very large
number of stations given by Dove but one, Pondicherry, exceeds 90° for the summer mean. This is at 11° 56' north latitude, its summer
mean for one year 93°.7.  Ambala, near Delhi, latitude 30° 25', has a mean of 100°  for May  and 96° for June; Cawnpore, latitude
26° 30', 95°.5 for May, &c.   These are British observations, and their great number for India probably represents all districts where
extreme temperatures exist.
   t In a table of maximum temperatures for the globe, Kaemtz and Martins give 117°.3 at Esne, Egypt, as  observed by Burckhardt,
1130.5 at Bassora, 112°.5 at Pondicherry, and 109°.6 at Philce, Egypt.  The highest at European cities are  101° at Catania, 103° at
Palermo, 102° at Naples, and 101° at Rome and Paris.  Humboldt gives as the maximum observed at Cumana, South America, " on
days considered excessively hot," 90O.5, and as the highest in Havana in 1801, 90°.
   An instance of desert temperatures in the Oasis of Mourzouk, Sahara, is referred to by Humboldt, where Captain Lyon experienced
" for whole months the thermometer of Reaumur between 3sO and 43°" (117°.5 to 12-P.7 Fahrenheit.)
   At Vera Cruz  the greatest heats do  not exceed 95°.  In the Red Sea the thermometer at noon is at 111°.2, at night 94°.  At
Benares, India, the heat in summer attains 111°.—(Humboldt's Pers. Nar., vol. vii.)   In Dove's Isothermal Chart for July, a portion 
REPORT.
701
at several  points  of  districts  generally  similar, and in successive  years  at  the same  points,  no
considerable  errors of the  instruments  may  be apprehended, and  none  can exist which  vitiate
comparison  with  the records  of other  climates  generally.   The  instruments  were, indeed,  all
carefully constructed and carefully compared.
    In  this  general view of the temperature distribution, there are one  or  two anomalous instances
of refrigeration  of the summer temperature which render  the explanation of the facts  of great
interior heat more difficult than they would  be  otherwise.  The greatest diminution of the summer
heat is on the coast of the Pacific, and the contrast of that district with those in which the great
extremes of heat have been recorded is most extraordinary.   Fort Miller in the San Joaquin valley
of California is less than one hundred and fifty  miles  due eastward from the coast of the Pacific at
Monterey, where the mean  summer temperature falls off  to 57°.  For the month of June, 1852, the
mean of 108°.4 at 3  P. m., at  Fort Miller,  had a corresponding mean at Monterey of 63°.2, and a
single maximum there of 70°—a difference in the means of forty-five, and  in the  extremes of forty-
six degrees.   The difference in the complete monthly means was thirty degrees.
     The measures of difference  and  contrast here given, are also in a great degree characteristic of
large districts;  as the cold of the  coast of the  Pacific  in summer extends over twenty degrees of
latitude, or from the fiftieth to the thirtieth parallel, while the extremes  of summer heat are common
to all the valleys and basins of the western  portion of the continent, where a single range of moun-
tains intervenes between them  and the Pacific  coast.   The summer isothermal of  57° will be seen to
extend along the coast from  Sitka, in Russian America, to Monterey, giving an almost  absolutely
equal temperature for this extensive line of  fifteen hundred miles of latitude, and near two thousand
miles  of coast.   A portion of  the coast of Oregon has  temperatures noticably higher, for the  brief
period  of the record there, which may,  perhaps, prove  the position  of the cold  line  to be  a  little
distance off that coast at sea.
     The  Atlantic coast furnishes another  instance of  depression of temperature, from causes  not
common to all changes  of  seasons on the ocean coasts.   The sea winds and mists  are here  noticably
colder than the average temperature of the sea itself, at any considerable  distance, and exposures open
to these have a temperature perceptibly reduced as far southward as Florida.  As the positions of the
isothermals  of  five  degrees of difference are  widely separated in summer, and  as  each, therefore,
approximately represents a large district, in which it may change  position considerably for slight
positive differences,  the curvature for the  lines, as drawn,  gives  a  somewhat undue impression of
these changes, and of the cooling effects of the coast positions.  The lines, also, double on themselves
abruptly to follow the warm atmosphere of the Gulf stream.   The  cause of  this refrigeration is found
in the  cold masses of water present on the northern parts of the coast, or returning in currents next
the Gulf stream, and beneath it.  The existence of this current beneath is fully shown by the Coast
Survey observations, and the fact, first noticed  by Humboldt,* that deep lying masses of cold water
may be pressed against shelving coasts by great ocean currents, and thus be brought to  the  surface,
cooling the  immediate  coast  more  than  any other  point  in  its  vicinity, appears  to  go  far
towards solving the problem of the presence of  these cold waters, where no surface current is percepti-
ble.   For most parts of the Atlantic coast these causes are sufficient only to affect the winds from the

of the African Desert—Nubia and Arabia—is embraced by an  isothermal of 90°.5.  The mean of this month for three years at Fort
 Yuma is 920.27, and for two successive years it exceeds 94°.  It cannot be of less mean temperature, therefore, though but a  point
 in comparison to the great Nubian and Arabian Desert, for the single month of July, or the mean of the three months of summer.
                                    * Personal Narrative, vol. vii, p. 389. 
702
REPORT.
 northeast, which is the direction covering the largest water surface of this character, and the summer
 temperatures are reduced by the effect of these alternations, without the production of a decided single
 extreme, and without the uniformity which characterizes the refrigerating winds of the Pacific.   The
 phenomenon is sufficiently well known, yet it is not so decidedly associated as it should be' with these
 cold, deep sea currents, and the masses of cool water of the coasts.*  It is difficult to illustrate this
 feature by citation of measures of temperature,  as the depressions appear in the form of two or three
 days of generally low temperature, without reaching a single minimum  so  low as might be attained
 at an interior station from the effect of radiation alone.
     The Gulf Stream is somewhat above the mean  temperatures of the east coast of the continent in
 the same latitudes,  even-in summer, and  the isothermals would curve northward  rather  than south-
 ward in  their extension at sea, if no  influences other than that stream or the undisturbed sea were
 encountered.  There is, however, no  point of the  coast at which the  temperatures of  summer are
 greater  for the existence of the Gulf stream, as  the continental influences  everywhere  predominate
 under the prevalence and controling character of the westerly winds.   The same atmospheric circula-
 tion carries  the  heated  waters  and their accompanying local atmosphere to the European coasts; yet
 there the temperature becomes  reduced by diffusion  over the sea, and the high proportion of moisture
 cools the summer climates rather than otherwise.  This is shown by comparing the high temperatures
 of our dry western interior with those of western Europe.
     The cold climates of the Pacific coast in summer constitute a general phenomenon of temperature
 distribution  more difficult of explanation than any other, as the degree of refrigeration is so very great,
 and the  contrast with  interior districts  so extreme over  many degrees of latitude.  The striking
 uniformity in the measures of  mean temperature here, which has been alluded to as characterizing
 nearly all the observed  points,  is conclusive evidence of the existence of some general  and powerful
 agency other than  the immediate  one of cold  day winds.  The analogies of the  coasts of South
 America, Africa, and the north  Atlantic  would indicate at once a reference to  great polar currents,
 and to the transfer of large masses of cold waters  from the northern parts of the Pacific, but  the
 ordinary sea observations have hitherto  failed to  discover any regular or marked currents  here.
 Northward and westward from San Francisco the surface currents appear as frequently from  one point
 as another on Maury's charts, though the existence of a general movement from the  northwest is
 recognized.   There is apparently a deep-sea  current from that direction  of great  magnitude and
 volume, which appears only by the lifting of its waters on approaching  the coast, and in the general
 refrigeration of the waters of the whole area, with the consequent effect  on the sea-winds and on the
 climate of the land.  The water temperatures noted in the summer months are  less than those of
 winter, and  their mean is nearly 57°,  or that of the sea winds and of the summer on the coast.   The
 body of water so affected is shown by Maury's charts to extend north-westwardly toward the peninsula
 of Alaska, and to be strikingly uniform in its characteristics of low temperature, absence of surface-
 currents,  and continuous northwest winds, so far as observed.f  This great mass of cold  waters, and

   * Humboldt  remarks (ibid. p. 388,) that in July, 1804, the thermometer, off the Bank of Newfoundland, recorded but forty-seven
 to fifty-four degrees, while in the Gulf stream it was at seventy degrees, and in the open sea beyond sixty-six and a half degrees ; the
 air temperature on the banks, at noon, being fifty-eight to sixty degrees. He also notices the refrigeration of land climates near these
 masses, necesarily resulting from their presence.
  fThe temperatures of the cold currents of the Pacific coast of South America are very nearly the same as those observed here, even
when intruded into the tropical seas of Peru.  At  Truxillo and Callao they were observed at 59°.5 and 60° by Humboldt, when the
sea temperature beyond the current was 81°.  Holmfeldt again observed the temperature of 60°.5, but there appears to be less parallel
 in regard to the differences of the seasons, and in the extreme effect  on the climate of the land.  It is remarked by Dove, also, in his 
                                             REPORT.                                       703
  Its attendant cold surface atmosphere, develops a strong sea wind  towards the greatly heated and
  rarified interior valleys and plains; and where these contrasts of temperature are greatest, the maxi-
  mum  effect  is produced,  as at  San Francisco  and  Monterey.  It is not strange, therefore, that the
  immediate coast is cooled  to the temperature of the air and water of so large a portion of the ocean.
      As the solution of this great depression of  coast temperatures is evidently found in the tempera-
  ture of the Paoific ocean, it  may  serve to confirm the accuracy of the observations there to give
  the mean of such observations as have  been recorded at sea.   Taking the observations  in  Maury's
  Wind and Current charts for these portions of the Pacific, in means for areas of five  degrees  of
  latitude  and longitude, we find the  areas westward of San Francisco to give 56°.5, 62°.3, 64°.4,
  and 68°, successively.  The areas next  southward, or between 30° and 35° of latitude,  decrease  in
  temperature westward  from longitude 120°, by the  successive numbers of 60°.5, 63°.3, 65°.7, and
  66°.7, to the meridian  of 140°.  South  of the  parallel of 30° there are no summer observations on
  the coast.   In the latitude of  the Sandwich Islands (20° to 25°) the temperatures increase from 72°,
  at the meridian of 120°, to 77° at 150° in the vicinity of those islands.
     The contrasts which induce these violent sea winds exist only in the summer months, including
  May and September, as at other seasons the ocean is  quite as warm and  the land colder,  and, what-
 ever the  degree of aridity, the  sudden and extreme rarefactions do not occur in the interior.  As this
 unusual circulation ceases  the temperature rises, and the spring and autumn are both warmer than
 the summer, on the immediate coast, over a space embracing several degrees of latitude.
     It may appear inexplicable that the  northern districts of this  coast, to fifty-seven degrees north
 latitude, should be equal,  if not higher in temperature than that at San Francisco ;  but the refriger-
 ating  current appears to originate westward of Alaska, and to pass nearly due southeast from that
 point  toward the continent in the latitude of Monterey ; not entering the indentations of the Russian
 and British American  coasts, probably, in any degree.*  There may,  also, be warm waters  flowing
 over these from the central  areas of the Pacific, from a division of the great warm  currents of the
 Asiatic coast, and producing  the general  effect  on the Pacific climates which the Gulf stream
 produces on those of Europe.   Such  is  clearly the case in winter, when  those movements outrank
 those from the Polar seas and give high temperatures for the whole mass of the Pacific, even where
 the cold waters are most marked in summer.
     These comparisons  are indispensable to show the reliability of the temperature  measures given
 at Pacific stations, and  that this anomalous arrangement of the isothermals is a correct represen-
 tation.   This arrangement is also independent of all considerations of altitude, as the construction of
 sea level isothermals for the interior would but increase the contrasts, and the  coast stations are all
 at sea  level.
     In a more detailed explanation of the interior  temperature distribution for the  summer a com-
 parison of the successive districts may be made, commencing with those of the east.
     In the  New England States there are several points where the climates are principally marine.

essay on  the isothermal lines, that the South American current is a deep  mass, the soundings of the French exploration ship Venus
giving a depth for it of 5480 feet. 'It is a considerable section of the Polar sea marching majestically from the south to the north.'
The analogy is very clear in the north Pacific.
    * Richardson, (Arctic Expedition, Climatology,) in referring to the causes of high temperatures on the western coast of British
America, says : "The course of the ocean currents, and the interposition of the peninsula of Alaska, and its prolongation in the
Aleutian chain of islands, protect the west coast of America from the masses of drift ice which, in the same latitudes, encumber and
chill the  Labrador coast for most of the year."
             98 
704
REPORT.
Forts Sullivan, Independence,  and Adams  are  particularly so, and  we find at these a perceptible
falling off from the  high temperatures of other posts, especially in the maxima and  in the range of
summer temperature.  Fort Sullivan has the same temperatures as the posts on the upper part of the
St. John's river, at  the  extreme northern point of Maine, and two  hundred miles from the coast.
The altitude of this interior district is not very great, and the proximity of the St. Lawrence valley
favors  the development of the comparatively warm summer which is found along the line from the
mouth of the  St. John's river to Quebec.  The interior rises so much southward  that no line  of
warmer temperatures appears until the plains near Montreal are reached, the vicinity of Lake Cham-
plain in Vermont, the valley of the Connecticut river, and the southwest point of Maine, at Portland
and Fort Preble.   The line of 65° which passes here is sometimes found for several successive years  in
the valley of the  St. John's, which has a general mean  of 63°.   The isothermal of 65° may also be
extended in the low country of Maine as far as Bangor, returning  along the coast nearly to Fort
Constitution, (Portsmouth,) New Hampshire.  Next  a portion of southern Maine, New Hampshire,
and  Vermont, the valley of Lake Champlain, and  the vicinity of Montreal may be  correctly repre-
sented by the mean of 67°.5; and the general features, apart from the mean, are quite alike  for these
districts—all being interior climates, with a large range of single extremes and of extremes in consecu-
tive  years.  This measure is  common to still more  extensive districts, as  it embraces nearly all  of
Massachusetts and of New York, with northern Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Wisconsin.   The greater
elevations of  southern New England, New York, and  northern  Pennsylvania  make up for the
difference of latitude, and as the general average of surface temperatures is necessarily considered here
the districts enumerated may be quite identified.  In  all this area the deep river valleys and particu-
larly arid or sandy localities are excepted, and these  may be assigned a mean temperature of 70° for the
summer.  Westward of  Wisconsin this very favorable measure of temperature only appears in moun-
tainous  districts, and  under very different circumstances.   It -there,  however, distinguishes the best
portions of Oregon and California.
     Between the mean of 70°, which appears in  many localities of the last general district,  and that
of 75°, there is a very  large area embraced,  the extreme range east of the plains being from latitude
thirty-four degrees in northern Georgia to Fort Snelling, latitude forty-five degrees.   In the general
phenomena of temperature distribution this  district of the central States is quite uniform.   Its single
extremes of temperature are less than  in the next cooler district, yet the range of the mean tempera-
ture is quite  as  great, or even greater.  Thus the  line of 75° varies its position  very greatly  in
extreme years, sometimes reaching  nearly to Fort Howard, in Wisconsin,  and again falling off to the
northern line  of Louisiana.  On the  Atlantic coast  it  ranges from New York city to central North
Carolina, less than  in the  Mississippi valley, but still  greater  than  the  range of the  mean of 65°.
This last has its greatest range on a line of contrasted altitudes from central Pennsylvania to Quebec,
but in other positions and at like altitudes its range is but about half that of the line of 75°.
     There is great identity of the temperatures of this large area embraced by the isothermals of 70°
and 75° east of the plains, including Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, Upper Tennessee, Virginia,
Maryland,  Delaware,  Lower  Pennsylvania, and New Jersey;—excepting from these some points of
coast exposure and  of the mountainous districts, the summer temperatures are more nearly uniform
than almost any  continental area  of like magnitude.  The southern border of this district has not
the exceptions of greater temperature  which belong to  the next northern class, as the differences of
local position  cause  much less difference in  the  mean temperatures.   The lines curve only about the 
REPORT.
705
 altitudes of the Alleghanies, and but for these  would have a very  uniform direction a little north of
 west from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi valley.  The line of 75° is, however, as far north on
 the plains of New Jersey as at the Mississippi river.
     The continuation of these lines over the plains and the Pacific  districts is under peculiar circum-
 stances, quite different from those prevailing at  the east.   Most of the area of the great plains is em-
 braced by them, from  the Llano  Estacado of Texas  to the  most northern position on the Missouri
 river.   West of 100° longitude the plains slope northward  rather than otherwise, or the successive
 areas are more dry and desert-like on any right line  east of  the Rocky mountains, as the south fork
 of the Platte is more arid than points further south  on the same  line.  So from the sources of the
 Canadian and the Raton mountains northward; and though at Fort  Laramie and north of it there are
 elevations which interrupt the general slope, yet north of these again  the plain of the Missouri river
 falls off more than two thousand feet  on a line  due north from Fort Laramie.  Fort Benton, at five
 degrees of longitude further west and five and a half degrees of latitude further north, is also 1856
 feet lower.  It is not surprising, therefore, that  as the plains are in every part particularly liable to
 the accumulation of heat in summer the mean temperature of the northern  areas should be compara-
 tively  high, and should somewhat exceed that of the lake district and the Atlantic coast.   The lines
 of 70° and 75° are, however,  very remarkably separated from that  of  80°, and thrown quite beyond
 what might have been anticipated from the altitude of the plains and from the climates of other parts
 of the continent.  It is well established that the line of 75° reaches to Fort Pierre,  on the Missouri,
 returning, over twelve and a half degrees of latitude, to the upper plains of Texas.
     Between the lines of 75° and 80° of mean summer temperature is another large area in the eastern
 part of the United States, and also on the plains.  It most resembles the district between the isother-
 mals of 70° and 75°, and on the plains it is distinguished by the very small differences of its measures
 from 80° over most of  the district—the isothermal of  79°  embracing the plains of the Arkansas for a
 large area.
     The line of 80° is more uniform, and it embraces the  whole lower States in a concentric curvature
 with higher temperatures within, and a diminution in all directions toward the Atlantic, the Gulf of
 Mexico, and the Mexican interior.   Most of the area embraced is tropical in many of its  features, and
 but for the winter extremes of low temperature it would rank fully as such.   Except some  portions near
 the southern extension of the Alleghanies  and in western  Texas,  it defines the cane district in its
 possible limits, and those in which it is now occasionally cultivated.  As previously alluded to in the
 general notices of temperature distribution for the summer,  the Atlantic coast is  colder, notwith-
 standing the near position of the Gulf stream, and the line therefore curves down the coast directly
from Fort Johnston, N. C,  to New Smyrna, Florida,  returning up the western coast to Cedar Keys.
 At Key West there are evidently local circumstances which augment the temperature beyond  that of
the channel between this point and Cuba—the sand surface of the island, small as it is, being probably
sufficient to increase the temperatures one or two degrees.   The record by officers of the customs  for
several years is slightly above  the military record—the summer mean of those by W. A. Whitehead,
esq., for six years previous to 1836 being 82°.3.
    West of Cedar Keys the line of 80° touches only at particularly exposed points, but  the evidences
are clear that it is continued in the direction of Vera Cruz.   On the north  it comes in  at the foot of
the principal plateau of western Texas, and embracing some portion of  the  dry plains near the  Red
 river, it returns nearly to the recognized cane districts of Louisiana. 
706
REPORT.
    Within  this is a district of 82L mean temperature, embracing a large share of Texas,  much of
Louisiana, and a small portion of the plains from Mobile to Savannah.  Only the southern and tropical
portion of the peninsula of Florida attains  this temperature, and it does not appear at the interior
posts of the neck of the peninsula between Fort Marion and Cedar Keys.   The difference between this
temperature and that of 80° does not appear to be significant of anything beyond a surface facilitating
local accumulation of heat, except in the vicinity of New Orleans and in South Florida, where tropical
features are more fully developed in summer than elseAvhere.
    In southwestern Texas the extreme measure of 85° appears, which belongs to the exceptional
climates of the western interior, and in this case is an accumulation from local radiation in a somewhat
confined and sandy valley.  But for the constant winds of the Rio Grande  valley, this accumulation
would  be even more extreme.  When these winds change from their almost constant point of southeast
to true south, they bring a heated atmosphere like the desert winds of the eastern continent, and the
conditions of exposure and locality are desert-like rather than tropical in this lower valley.
    In explanation of the peculiarities appearing in the illustration of the great areas beyond the plains
and to the Pacific, we may begin with the supposed extension of the isothermal line of 85° from the
lower valley of the Rio Grande.  Though the illustration of the continent generally does not enter into
the present  purpose, it is necessary to  consider the areas next to  our  own  territory to arrive at a
satisfactory explanation of the facts recorded in the registers.   The  valleys entering the Rio Grande
from the south are unimportant except that in Chihuahua, and this only, with the Bolson de Mapimi,
a dry and heated basin 3800 feet above  the sea, probably reproduces the  high temperatures  of  the
lower valley.  At El Paso which is more elevated and further north, the summer  mean  is at 82°.
Beyond the mountains on the Gila and Colorado rivers there are also no mean temperatures observed,
and the positions can only be defined approximately by reference to  Fort Yuma and the Great Salt
Lake.  The mean of 85° must necessarily reach to thirty-seven and a half degrees north latitude there-,
and it  reappears in the valley of San Joaquin at about the same point  as is  shown by the record at
Fort Miller.  The line  is bifurcated in that direction, and  from the point of separation it extends down
the coast within the first range of mountains and west of the Gulf of California.   There are no records
below San Diego, yet the known characteristics of the coast climate render it certain that neither this
nor the isothermal of 80° reaches the Pacific shore at any point of the peninsula of California.
     Within  this line of 85°, at Fort Yuma, the maximum mean temperature of 90° for the summer is
attained.  The exposure here favors the most extreme accumulation of heat, as sands and arid plains
surround the post for great distances, and the  principal winds bring only sand  storms at this season.
Little  rain falls  in summer, and the air is distinguished by the intense aridity belonging to districts
between the oscillations of tropical  and temperate rains—the summer  rains  of Mexico  approaching
near this point on the south without reaching it, and the  winter rainy season of the coast also near it,
but never present.  Its position is not wholly unlike that of the northern extremity of the Red Sea.
     The-isothermal of 80° is continued up  the valley of the Rio Grande  to  Dona Ana, New Mexico,
and it  doubtless  belongs  to  the  desert portion called  the  Jornada del Muerto,  below Fort  Craig.
Bevond this no records define it except at Salt Lake, where the summer mean is but little below 80°.
Returning from  the western part of the Great  Basin, it is reproduced in  the valleys of California at
Sacramento, and from the southern point of the San Joaquin valley crosses within the coast mountains
and remains east of these at least to the lower  half of the peninsula of California.   The temperature
of most parts of the Great Basin can only be taken approximately, but from the two positions of Salt 
REPORT.
707
Lake and Fort Yuma, and from the journals of survey parties the summer temperatures are shown
to be at least as great as those assigned in the position of these lines.
    The line of 75° returns, as before remarked, a great distance from its most northern point on the
plains  to the Llano Estacado, and then recurves  to Albuquerque, to return again two and a half
degrees of latitude  for the  lofty plateaux of the Sierra Madre.  It then surrounds  the eastern and
northern rim of the Great Basin, traverses the California valleys on a right line south, and is the
highest isothermal appearing west of the coast range, near Los Angelos and San Luis Rey.  It may
be doubted whether a number of points sufficient to define the line here could be found, as  none but
valleys of the warmest exposure go beyond 72°, on this western side of the mountains.
    The plateau of the  Rocky mountains increases in altitude southward so much as to  cause the
isothermals  from 60° to 70° to run parallel to it from Fort Benton, on the  Missouri, to Santa Fe,
being as near each other at 47° 30' of latitude as at 35°.  The upper valleys of the Missouri  and
Columbia rivers are scarcely two thousand five hundred feet above the  sea, and much of the  great
plain of the Columbia is  elevated less  than  one  thousand feet.   Both plains are  not only arid in
their surface, but nearly destitute of summer rains, and their mean temperatures for this season are
comparatively high.  The isothermals of 70° and 65° are but little separated at these points, the first
going to the 47th, and the  last nearly to the 49th parallel.  From the  plains of the Columbia they
run nearly south to San Diego; the isothermal of 65° following the Willamette valley from Fort Van-
couver, and that of 70° the valley of Fall river, east of the Cascade range,  from Fort Dalles;  both
remaining within the coast range of California as far south as Monterey,  from which point, though
they are then inland at the western foot  of this range,  they go southward near to Los Angeles and
San Diego.
    The isothermals of 60° and 62° run  nearly north and south on the Rocky mountain plateau to Fort
Massachusetts, and on the Pacific coast below the 35th parallel.   The valley of Frazer's river, north
of Puget's Sound, at least  extends the line of 62° some distance beyond  the  island of Vancouver,
and the temperature of that island is known to be above that of Sitka, which has a summer mean of
57° and defines the position of the lowest isothermal of the chart to that remote point of the coast.
    On the Rocky mountain plateau the observed mean at Fort Massachusetts is 61°, and that at Fort
Defiance,  much further  south, 67°.  The altitude of the first is 8400  feet  nearly, and that of the
upper  valley of San Luis quite  the same.  The general altitude of the vicinity is much greater, and
it may be assigned, at the Parks, at near 10,000 feet.   At the South Pass the average of large areas
would be about  8000 feet, which is diminished, in an average, farther north to the  49th parallel.
It is, perhaps, inaccurate to  regard this as a  plateau north of the 44th parallel,  but it may well be
regarded as such south of that line for all purposes  of thermal illustration, notwithstanding the
great altitudes and irregularities of its surface.  In New Mexico,  cultivated districts crown the prin-
cipal ranges, as at Zufii, on the west, at 6500 feet; Las Vegas, Anton-Chico, and other districts on
the east, at  6000 to 6800 feet; the Sangre cle Christo and San Luis valleys at 8000 feet;  Taos  and
Santa  Fe at 8000 feet; and the Parks, which afford abundant pasturage, at 9000 to  10000.   For this
purpose these districts must necessarily be regarded as  plateaux, above which the sharp  mountain
ranges are lifted, and where the summer temperatures, particularly,  may be considered generally,
except  for  these particular peaks or ranges.
     A brief comparison with the summer isothermals of the temperate latitudes of the eastern conti-
nent may here be given.  The best illustration  of that distribution is in Dove's isothermals for the 
70S
REPORT.
month of July, and this single month does not differ so largely from  the  mean of the three there as
it would here.
    The highest isothermal for July which touches Europe is the line of 77°, which crosses the south-
east coast of Spain, the islands of Sardinia, Sicily, and Candia.  A very large area east of the Plains,
and most of the country south of thirty-seven and a half degrees of latitude, is warmer here, therefore,
than any part of the continent of Europe.   The isothermal of 72°.5 embraces Spain, southern France,
Italy, part  of Austria, and Turkey.   The difference of July from the summer mean would place the
corresponding line of division nearly on the American isothermal of 70°, and a glance will show that all
the area east of the Rocky mountains and south of Fort Snelling, the points of the Great Lakes and New
York city,  attains to this temperature.  The line of 68°, for July, runs a little north of east from
Rochelle, France, nearly in a straight line  through Germany and southern Russia; that of 63°.5
skirts the southern coast of England, and runs in  the same direction from London through  northern
Germany and central Russia.   Central Europe corresponds nearly to the American  lake district, and
the wheat climates of England and the Baltic to  the northern portion  of Maine, Quebec, and Lake
Superior, in summer temperature.  The lines of 59° and 54.5° are more irregular in Europe, curving
northward  from the west of England to the White sea, and the  lowest mean touching the north of
Europe is  45°.5.  Through Asia, most of these lines run due eastward, those  north of 63°.5 only
diverging,  that of 59° quite largely,  and spreading fan-like over the great areas of northern Asia.
On the east coast, however, they all recurve southward quite abruptly.
    The temperate latitudes of northern Africa and the south of Asia present one or two points of
comparison worthy of notice.   The  Gulf States and  Lower  California  are  in  the latitude of the
northern States  of Africa,  Egypt, Syria, and  Persia, and the isothermal of 81°.5 for July, which
corresponds very nearly to that of 80° for the summer, very accurately defines this  district of the
eastern continent, except at the western coast of Africa.  The line of 86°  for July is traced at 25°
north latitude in Africa, and 26° in Asia.   These would be quite the same as  the temperatures of
the lower Rio Grande, and higher than those of Florida. 
REPORT.
709
DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURE FOR THE  AUTUMN.
    It has been mentioned, in connection with the temperature distribution for the spring, that both
that season and the autumn were scarcely capable of identification, as distinct periods, in regard to
temperature, which might be separated as such and  compared for the various districts as definitely as
the extreme seasons of winter and summer.  In the most northern districts the autumn proper is shorter
than elsewhere, and if defined by the period  from the commencement of the decline of vegetation to
its  complete extinction it would be scarcely so much as sixty days.  All  the area north of 40° of
latitude and east of the Rocky mountains  shares these abrupt transitions, and north of the forty-
second parallel November  belongs more correctly to the winter months.   At the 45th parallel the
average mean temperature of this  month is about 32°, and its contrast with the temperature of Sep-
tember is very great.  As the position of each month separately, and of the single limiting tempera-
tures  in regard to vegetation,  is more important than that of  the period of autumn as a whole, these
features of the temperature distribution will be particularly referred to.
    The chart embraces an isothermal of 32° for November, which is the only month in which that
line cuts any district represented,  and a thermal line is drawn to define the mean position of single
minimum temperatures of 36° to 40°, or of the first destructive frosts of each month, in addition to
those representing the mean temperatures of the entire period of three months.   The first of these
lines, the  mean of 32°, occurs only in November, and it cuts off a less area as belonging to the winter
proper than the same line in spring for the month of March.  The  difference is greatest in the lake
district and on the Atlantic coast, where the mass of surrounding waters retains its heat and modifies
the temperature through a long period  of continued low temperature inland, and where also the
spring presents masses of ice retarding the summer advance of heat.  Fort Brady and Fort Snelling
illustrate  these opposite  results.   At Fort Snelling each of the months named is near 31°.5, while
March at  Fort Brady is  6°.4 colder, and November 1° warmer  than at the first post.  The whole
district influenced by the lakes, and all the Atlantic coast  above Fort Monroe,  exhibit the  same
results, the difference between  the two months being five to seven  degrees, while at all the interior
posts they are nearly equal, and south and west of St. Louis March has the highest temperature by
from one to three degrees.  It is a noticeable feature of the entire temperature distribution that the
decline in autumn occurs sooner at the southwest than elsewhere, and that the minimum is often in
December, the spring returning as much earlier, and belonging to March more decidedly than to any
other month.
    The thermal line of  32° for November also shows that the temperature conditions for any entire
line of latitude across the continent are more nearly equalized at that time than in any other case,
as in the lake district and on the Atlantic coast this line bends northward to 47° or more of latitude, and
its position in its  extension westward  is but little north of this parallel.   BetAveen  the Mississippi 
710
REPORT.
and Missouri rivers it curves furthest south, shoAving that the  plains grow cold more abruptly than
the districts eastward.
     In October no  post gives a  mean temperature approaching this point;  the loAvest,  at  Forts
Ripley, Wilkins, and  Massachusetts, (New Mexico,) being  forty-four and forty-three degrees.   The
degree of heat for  this month  falls  off  as  much generally  from  that  of September  as that  of
November does from this, but the universally high temperature of September leaves  a  measure still
quite  high.   The following  measures of the decline of temperature  in the  successive  months of
autumn may be advantageously compared with the monthly advance in spring, as given in previous
tables.  December is included, in  order to  embrace the entire period  of declining temperature  to  the
winter, and nearly to the yearly minimum at all points.
Stations.
Mean of Ausr.
Hancock Barracks.....
Fort Constitution.....,
West Point...........
Fort Niagara.........,
Alleghany Arsenal
Fort Monroe.........
Fort Brooke..........
New Orleans (Ft. Pike)
Fort Jesup...........
Fort "Washita........
Fort Gibson..........
St. Louis............
Detroit..............
Fort Mackinac.......
Fort Snelling.........
Council Bluffs........
Fort Kearney........
Fort Graham.........
San Antonio.........
Fort Brown..........
Fort Fillmore........
Albuquerque .........
Santa Fe............
Fort Defiance........
San Diego...........
San Francisco........
Fort Miller...........
Fort Vancouver......
Aug. to Sept.
64.5
65.1
71.8
69.7
71.2
77.2
80.4
82.9
81.3
80.8
80.2
76.1
67.4
64.0
70.0
75.4
72.3
84.7
83.9
83.8
79.6
75.4
70.0
66.9
73.6
57.2
83.0
65.5
 9.3
 6.1
 7.5
 8.0
 7.7
 5.2
 1.1
 3.8
 5.2
 6.0
 6.7
 6.6
 7.4
 9.0
 11.2
 10.2
 7.9
 7.3
 4.2
 3.2
 2.4
 6.0
 8.1
 10.8
 2.8
+1.0
 7.0
 4.7
Sept. to Oct,
11.9
 9.5
11.3
11.3
12.6
10.4
 5.3
 8.6
10.2
11.6
12.0
15.3
12.4
 9.9
11.7
13.6
14.9
10.0
 7.6
 6.2
12.4
10.9
10.7
 9.9
 5.3
 0.3
 8.5
 7.5
Oct. to Nov
12.5
10.7
10.8
10.9
11.1
10.2
 7.1
 7.7
 9.3
11.6
12.4
11.7
 9.4
12.8
15.5
15.6
15.5
12.2
10.3
 5.3
13.2
14.3
12.7
10.6
 8.6
 3.6
12.0
 6.8
Nov. to Dec.
12.7
10.1
10.3
 9.9
 8.5
 8.3
 5.0
 7.0
 7.0
 9.2
 9.1
10.6
11.4
11.2
14.7
15.8
12.2
 9.0
10.9
 6.5
 4.8
 8.1
 8.3
 6.4
 5.2
 3.1
 7.4
10.0
     These results sIioav that the diminution of heat for these months is generally more uniform than
would have appeared probable when the diversity of the positive measures is considered.   The falling
off to  September is always least, that  to  December next, and those to  October and November are
much the largest quantities, and nearly equal.   September is a summer month, except at the colder
posts,  and on the coast of California it is often the Avarmest of the year ;  at San Francisco one degree
Avarmer than August.  The area betAveen the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi groAvs cold  most
abruptly, both relatively and positively. 
REPORT.
711
     The temperatures of the Pacific coast are always anomalous, and never more strikingly so than
 in these comparisons of points in the curves of successive  months.  September  is seen to be warmer
 than August, and as  this last month is warmer than July, the whole line from July to October  is
 ascending,  and November falls  but little below the  July mean.   The same results are found at
 Monterey, and they appear to belong to the immediate  coast line for several degrees  of latitude.
 The mutual relations of the months are similar to those of tropical and equatorial districts, where the
 rainy season reduces the temperature of the  months of summer, and the clear atmosphere of other
 months permits the highest temperatures of the year.
     The general characteristics of the curve of temperatures through successive months for the various
 districts falls more  appropriately to the examination of the annual distribution of temperature, and
 a farther reference to the peculiarities of  the curve of declining temperature Avill be made in that
 connection.
     The lines marking the limit of mean single occurrence  of frosts closing  vegetation are most
 difficult to place, and they can only be regarded as approximations.   The greatest  distance  south-
 ward to which cold extremes of a certain degree may fall in the most severe season, is a point almost
 equally desirable, yet the non-periodic  extremes are so  variable in  themselves, and they may become
 so great in certain cases, that it is hardly possible to present a  valuable result in regard to them.  A
 temperature of 36° to 40° at sunrise is usually attended with  frost  destructive to vegetation,  as the
 position of  the thermometer is always  such as to represent  less than the actual refrigeration  at the
 open surface.   Taking the point  of 40° as that which would  give a frost in  districts slightly more
 elevated and  exposed than the posts  themselves, as the adjacent  country usually is, and the com-
 parisons for the month of September through the last tAvelve years give the following results.
     In 1843, 1844, and 1845, the posts of the  south coast of  New England, New York  harbor, one
 or two in the valley of Lake Ontario, and all south  of  Pennsylvania, gave no temperatures so low as
 40°,  while those north of  this  line  were at  32 to  39  degrees  in the minimum  for  each  year.
 Westward, St. Louis and Fort Leavenworth were  at  this limit of 40°,  except in 1844, Avhen the
 temperature of 36° extended as far southward at Forts ToAvson and Jesup.
     In  1846 there were no points, in the observed districts of the United States. Avhere the thermo-
 meter fell to 40°, the month being unusually warm.
     In 1847 only the extreme positions northward,  Forts Brady and Snelling, experienced tempera-
 tures below 40°.
     In 1848 the extremes were very nearly as in the first years named.   In 1849 the lake posts of
 New  York, Carlisle Barracks and Fort Kearney,  were at 40°,  and  those  northward  beloAv and
 southward above this point.   In 1850 it was quite the  same as in the previous year, and three posts
 of Oregon come in to give the exact measure of 40°,  in  addition to the posts enumerated for 1849.
    In  1851 this  extreme fell but  little farther south—to  Forts Scott, Leavenworth,  and Inde-
pendence, and it did not appear on the  Pacific.   In 1852 the stations of the Pacific and New Mexico
gave temperatures below 40°, as far south as Fort.Reading, in  California, and at Forts Defiance and
Santa Fe, in New Mexico.  On the plains, Fort Atkinson, on the Arkansas river, was the  point
farthest south ; at St. Louis, West Point, and Boston,  and along  the line connecting these points,
there were none so low as 40°.
    In 1853 the low extremes for September were quite the same  as in 1852.   In 1854 thev were
             99 
712
REPORT.
observed only at the extreme northern posts in  the eastern  part  of the United States; but in NeAv
Mexico and California there Avas but little change from the preceding year.
    It will be seen that there is great uniformity in the  position of a  line representing the point to
which, at least, one extreme of 36 to 40 degrees  occurs in September,  in  successive years.  If it
were possible to divide the month it would give a more precise and valuable definition ; but, as it is,
a line separating  the coast of NeAv England  south of Boston,  New  York  below West  Point,
the southern  line  of Pennsylvania and  through southern Ohio to St.  Louis and Fort Leavenworth,
would divide the districts of the eastern United States in which frosts might be expected in September,
from  those in which they would  rarely  or never occur in this month.  In New Mexico all north of
Santa Fe and Fort Defiance, and  in Oregon, at all points remote from the coast, temperatures below
36° might be expected in this month for  every year.
     The  most  southern points  at  which  this  measure of single extremes may occur  are Fort
McHenry  and Fort Washington, Jefferson Barracks, and  Forts Towson  and Jesup,  west of  the
Mississippi.   The only instance of frosts  at Fort Jesup in this period was in 1844, when two occurred
at the close of the month, at recorded air  temperatures of 36 and 39 degrees*.  At the Pacific stations
there is little variation in  successive years, and liability to  frosts is a marked feature of the climate
of every part of the dry interior.
     In October the extremes are such  that  in  any considerable series of years no  portion of the
continent north of the latitude of New Orleans  escapes severe frost.  In 1843 frosts and ice occurred
everywhere except on the peninsula of Florida, though they  were  lighter on the Atlantic coast than
westward.  In  1844 they were equally general, though lighter near New Orleans, and occurring near
the close of the month.  In 1845 there were none south of Fort Towson and Fort Monroe,  and light
at both these posts.   In 1846 and the two succeeding years  the number of posts  was not so great as
before, but for the first year the  frost was  apparently general in  this month, and for 1847 and 1848
no considerable frost occurred in the Gulf States.  The temperature of this month of 1849 was without
any cold extreme for these States  also, but in 1850 frost and ice occurred as generally as in 1843.   In
 1851 many parts of this  district  escaped frost, and in 1852 there  was none  below Forts Gibson  and
 Washington.   In 1853 frosts and ice were universal, except in  the  peninsula  of Florida, and  in a
 small portion of the lower valley of the Rio Grande, but in 1854 there were none  in the principal
 districts bordering the Gulf.   Thus in five years of a period of twelve the formation of ice occurred so
 generally as to destroy vegetation liable  to  be so cut off, before the close  of October in  the States
 bordering the Gulf, and it may be safe  to assume  that in the half of any period of years this will
 occur at all points north of the 30th parallel.  The peninsula of Florida below 28° of latitude has no
 instance of frosts in this month, and the  same exemption exists in the lower valley of the Rio Grande
 for the few years observed there.
      In  November some instances occur of absence  of frost and  ice  along the  borders of the Gulf
 through the entire month ;  1844 affords  one of these, but in the succeeding  year  severe frosts extendi
 over most of the  peninsula of Florida.   The years 1846 and 1848 are similar  to 1845, and 1847 is
 still more extremely cold.   There are no exceptions to the liability, in alternate years, at least, for
 anv point except the south  of Florida, from Fort Brooke to Key West, and at the mouths of the Rio
 Grande and the Colorado of California.
    * As there are no military posts in the interior of the southern States between the Mississippi and the Atlantic, a reference may be
 made to the observations of Rev. Dr. Allan, of Huntsville, Alabama, where for nine  years, 1831 to 1839, the lowest point observed
 in September was 43°.—American Almanac, 1841. 
REPORT.
713
    In all parts of New Mexico, when September does not bring ice and frost, they occur in October,
but in California the coast stations observe no ice until  November, when it occurs at all points, and
as decidedly at San Diego as at San Francisco.   The following  tabular  arrangement of the date of
the "first appearance of frost"  at several posts of  the Atlantic and Gulf States, New Mexico, and
California, will compare this phenomenon advantageously:
Stations.	1849.		1850.		1851.		1852.		1853.		1854.
	Nov. 1 Dec. 13* Dec. 6 None. Nov. 9 Nov. 6 Sept. 25 Sept. 25		Nov. Oct,	18 26	Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Nov. Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. Nov. Nov. Oct. Oct.	27 7 5 5 25 14 27 5 12 25 21 9 1	Nov. Nov. Dec. Dec. Nov. Oct. Sept, Sept. Oct. Dec. Nov. Oct. Sept. Dec. Nov. Nov.	14 15 18 12 28 16 26 23 9 22 26 9 20 3 6 25	Oct. Oct. Dec. Dec. Oct. Oct. Sept. Sept. Oct. Dec. Nov. Oct. Sept. Dec.	25 25 30 12 31 25 30 30 2 18 10 26 14	Oct. 16
Fort Moultrie.........											Nov. 14
											Dec. 21
											Nov. 29
			Nov. Oct. Oct.	17 28 5							
											Nov. 13
											Oct. 4
											Oct. 16
			Oct. Dec. Nov.	18 5 28							Oct. 20
	Dec. Nov.	10 25									Dec. 6
Fort Fillmore, (near El Paso)...........											Nov. 13 Oct. 29
Santa Fe.............	Oct. Nov. Nov.	2 24 6									Oct. 4
			Nov. Nov. Oct. Oct.	6 4 4 <>							Dec. 26
					Nov. Nov.	28 28					Oct. 14
									Nov. Oct. Sept.	4 22 1	Oct. 27 Oct. 20?
					Oct.	11	Sept.	22			Sept. 19
					1						
                * Frost on other parts of the island and on the main land earlier.  For 1850, the date is that observed at Ogle-
               thorpe Barracks, Savannah, Georgia, and in 1851 there was no " killing frost" at Fort Moultrie until December 8.
                f For 1849 the observation was at Pilatka, for 1853 at Fort Pierce, and for 1854 at Forts Caproc and Myers-
               The dates correctly represent the east coast of Florida, below Fort Marion.

    None of the years embraced here is as cold as would be found in a period of  ten years preceding,
and the dates are generally later than the average of any series of ten years.  The east and south of
Florida, Fort Brown, on the Rio Grande, and Fort Yuma, in California, quite uniformly are without
ice and frost until December, though only the south of Florida, near Key West, appears exempt for
all dates.
    The limits just defined have been indicated on the thermal chart by lines for each of the autumn
months.  The curvature of the  line for September, northward instead of southward, in ascending the
eastern slope of the Rocky mountains, is not less marked than in the lines representing mean tem-
peratures, and the actual dates  observed at Forts Kearny and Laramie, as here given, may be referred
to in proof of the position given the line.  West of Santa Fe,  in New Mexico, the line would proba-
bly fall further south than it is now drawn, and embrace much of the mountain plateaux south of Fort
Defiance, but there are no observations except at this post and Fort Webster, and at the last named
there are no instances  of ice occurring in September.   In California  the line follows the  Sierra
Nevada, and in Oregon  runs directly northward near the  cascade range, the immediate coast being
exempt throughout.  The line marking this limit in October cuts off a narrow belt of  the Atlantic
coast below Charleston,  the peninsula of Florida, and small portions of the coast of the Gulf Avest-
ward.   In Texas there is a large  area so cut off,  from the Colorado  river to the Rio  Grande, and in 
714
REPORT.
 California a considerable district of the great Colorado, and all  the  coast below San Francisco.   In
 November there are  three small areas exempt from frost, the largest at the southern extremity of
 Florida, one at the loAver Rio Grande, and another at the mouth of the Colorado of California.
     There are no sufficient  data for comparison with  similar latitudes in Europe in  this important
 feature of temperature distribution.   It is a distinguishing feature of  the climate here, however, that
 these extremes occur  in connection with very high mean temperatures, and that they belong to nearly
 every district, Avith very little apparent relation to mountains, whether near or distant.  In the inte-
 rior basins Avest of the Rocky mountains frosts are more frequent in comparatively warm months, yet
 scarcely a year occurs without the formation of  ice in or very near to  one  of the summer months on
 the plains between  the  Ohio and Mississippi to the 40th  parallel  of latitude.  These instances are.
 however, more remarkable as contrasts than important in practical results.  In Europe the formation
 of  ice in September is rare, if it occurs at all, at St. Petersburg; and the line of limit Avould probably
 extend  to Moscow, and  southeastAvard to Asiatic  Russia at 50° of north latitude.  The difference of
 latitude for western Europe from that of the central United States in this respect is more than twenty
 degrees therefore, and though the western  coast here shoAvs  no  instances of this phenomenon to the
 northern  limit of the posts of observation, the distribution of these extremes  is clearly to  a much
 lower latitude here than on the eastern  continent.  At Pekin, China,  in latitude 40° north, and cor-
 responding in  position  Avith  New York, the thermometer very rarely falls to the freezing point in
 October, and never in September.
     The isothermals proper for the autumn chart show less abrupt curvatures generally than those for
 the spring, and if the deflections due to difference of altitude were removed most of the lines would
 nearly follow the parallels  of latitude.  The isothermals of 55 and 50 degrees  are  but slightly sepa-
 rated in New England,  but in going westward they separate  widely, and most on the Pacific coast,
 Avhere that of 50 degrees does not cut the coast line at all, while that of 55 degrees falls nearly down
 to San Francisco.  The lake district is warm in  autumn, and the plains at the  west of it retain so
 large a measure of heat  that scarcely any depressions appear in the lines representing the mean,
 though November would give an extreme depression at  this point.  To define the position  of the
 lines for this extreme month, that of  32° mean has been drawn on the chart, and its extreme  depres-
 sion Avest of the Mississippi to Council Bluffs and Fort Des Moines, and its abrupt rise to Fort  Brady,
 show in a striking light the contrast of these districts in regard to the  rate of temperature diminution
 as Avinter approaches.
     The  northern part of the area  illustrated  is warmer in autumn than in spring by about five
 degrees, the thermal  line of  45° in autumn being nearly coincident with that of 40° in spring, but
 the distance separating  the lines  is not the same, and the correspondence is restored in going south-
 Avard, the isothermal  of 70° being in the same  position in both.   On the west  coast there is little
 difference, except that the sea temperatures are higher in autumn, and the thermal lines curve north-
 Avard instead of southward  on reaching the Pacific.  The large area between Fort Vancouver and San
 Francisco which is at 52°.5 generally in spring,  is again at the same measure, and this degree would
 probably correctly represent much of  the interior area of half desert basins between Humboldt river
 and the Columbia.
    On the great mountain  plateaux  the lines and  curvatures are nearly  as in spring,  though
warmer at the northern extremity.   The  thermal line of 45° might be carried  across the Rocky
mountains, at the 47th parallel, with but a small interruption, as these mountains form but a  narrow 
REPORT.
715
range between the sources  of the Missouri and of the north branch of the Columbia.  The obser-
vations of the northern line of survey of the Pacific railroad furnish valuable data for the two points
of Fort Benton and Fort Owen.
    At the Atlantic coast there is less diversity in sea temperatures in autumn than  in spring, and
less contrast with those of the land.   The sea, in the  neighborhood  of the Gulf stream, is warmer
than the land, and the thermal lines generally curve slightly northward.  At Bermuda the observed
temperature for a single year is  71^°, which is warmer than the continent by nearly  four degrees of
latitude.  A mean for a period of years would give less difference.
    The Gulf of Mexico is warmer in autumn than  in spring, though it  varies very much from
September to November.  In the last month there is a greater refrigeration of the western than of
the eastern portions, and .the influence of the cold storms of that part of the Gulf and of the coasts of
Texas and Mexico is very decided in  depressing the mean temperature.   As the air temperatures
are deduced  from those  of the water, however, it  is hardly possible to  define the isothermals
accurately, and they may require more decided northward curvatures over  the Gulf  than  are here
given them.  South and east of Key West, and in the vicinity of Cuba,  the Gulf stream prevents the
continental refrigeration from exerting the influence observed in other portions of the Gulf, and the
water temperature retains its measure of 80° throughout November.*
    With the west coast of Europe the contrast is very great for this period, and the isothermal of
50° at Boston goes to 60° north latitude at the northward of Scotland, though it returns, through
England and Germany, to 47° of latitude in central Europe. The warm waters of the Atlantic exert
so marked an influence on the coasts and islands of northwestern Europe as almost to defy comparison
with like latitudes anywhere.  Within the immediate coast a contrast of  less than five degrees of
latitude exists in Europe as compared with the Atlantic coast here, and the immediate coast of the
Pacific here is quite similar to the European coast south of the British islands.
    The oscillations of temperature in successive years for the same months, and for the mean of the
three in autumn, is less than that occuring in the spring months having similar temperatures.  It is
also at a part of the year less important, in every sense, other than in  regard to the most  abstract
questions of temperature distribution, and the illustration  of this  range, by thermal  lines for single
months, has not, therefore, been given.  The range is large, however,  in every month, and that for
September  is greater, when the  small  diminution from the summer  temperatures  which generally
belongs to it is  considered, than would appear probable, even in a climate so much characterized by
large measures of variability.  In the following table the posts which were  selected to represent the
range in the spring months  are given with the maximum  range for the months of autumn, and the
periods  are, in most cases, or with the exception of the Pacific stations, sufficient to  give the entire
range.
* See Maury's Wind and Current Charts, Thermal sheet. 
716
                      REPORT

Range of temperature in the mean of Autumn months.
STATIONS.
SEPTEMBER.
Highest
M. T.
FortSnelling.............. 69.1
Fort Leavenworth.......... 73.7
Jefferson Barracks.......... 75.9
                        79.6
                        81.5
Fort Gibson...........
Fort Jesup............
New Orleans*..............! 81.5
Fort Brooke...............] 81.9
                        83.5
                        81.5
                        76.6
                        71.6
                        70.9
                        69.9
                        66.8
                        69.1
                        62.2
                        60.8
                        83.1
                        86.6
                        73.5
                        68.0
                        61.6
                        59.6
Key West.........
Fort Moultrie......
Fort Monroe.......,
Fort McHenry.....,
Fort Columbus.....,
Alleghany Arsenal.,
Watervliet Arsenal.,
West Point........,
Fort Constitution ..,
Fort Sullivan......
Ringgold Barracks..
Fort Mcintosh.....
San Diego.........,
Benicia...........
Fort Vancouver....
Fort Steilacoom.....
Lowest Range.
M. T.
54.2
61.3
61.4
68.0
72.9
75.7
76.3
79.5
72.9
68.5
61.8
60.7
57.4
55.6
60.6
55.4
53.2
80.6
80.7
67.6
61.7
60.2
56.5
14.9
12.4
14.5
11.6
 8.6
 5.8
 5.6
 4.0
 8.6
 8.1
 9.8
10.2
12.5
11.2
 8.5
 6.8
 7.6
 2.5
 5.9
 5.9
 6.3
 1.4f
 3.1
NOVEMBER.
Highest
M. T.
54.7
62.5
63.9
67.2
73.0
75.4
76.1
80.4
74.2
67.2
60.1
59.2
58.0
54.0
59.0
51.7
51.9
77.1
77.2
68.9
65.8
53.9
53.6
Lowest
M. T.
40.9
46.6
46.8
56.1
59.8
66.4
69.5
73.9 J
63.2
56.9
48.2
45.8
38.2§
41.9
46.0
44.5
44.2
72.9
71.2
63.0
58.9
51.9
51.7
Range.
13.8
15.9
17.1
11.1
14.2
 9.0
 6.6
 6.5
11.0
10.3
11.9
13.4
19.8
12.1
13.0
 7.2
 7.7
 4.2
 6.0
 5.9
 6.9
 2.0
 1.9
Highest M. T.	Lowest M. T.
42.8	20.5
50.3	28.6
51.4	32.4
59.2	40.4
63.6	49.6
68.1	57.1
71.9	€2.1
77.3	70.8
64.5	52.0
56.8	44.3
53.5	38.9
51.1	38.2
45.3	30.8
45.1	33.1
49.9	36.4
46.0	33.9
43.5	31.6
69.8	63.2
68.0	60.2
58.4	56.4
56.9	54.4
52.5	43.1
46.8	41.2
22.3
21.7
19.0
18.8
14.0
11.0
 9.8
 6.5
12.5
12.5
14.6
12.9
14.5
12.0
13.5
12.1
11.9
 6.6
 7.8
 2.0||
 2.5
 9.4
 5.6
                  * At Fort Pike, for September.
                  f Three years only.
                  JFor 1885. The mean of this month is given at 76° by AV. A. Whitehead, esq., collector of customs at Key
                 West.
                  gFor 1886. This was clearly the coldest month of this period, yet it is probably an error in some measure.
                 The same month at Marietta, Ohio, was at 45°.
                  | This month does not embrace a period sufficient to show the  range at these stations—it cannot be less than
                 in the preceding months.
     The general features of this variability are the same as in spring in regard to the preponderance
of the quantities below the mean over those above  it, and in  the decrease of range toward the higher
mean  temperatures.   November does not  equal March in its measures of variation, however, the
maximum variation for the coldest post, Fort Snelling, being less by nearly fourteen degrees.
     The range at posts near the  Gulf of Mexico,  and on the southern Atlantic coast, is surprisingly
great  for these months.   At  Forts  Jesup,  Moultrie,  and Monroe, particularly,  it seems scarcely
credible that the same month  should differ so largely in temperature  in successive years.   But the
remaining posts, not given here, confirm these measures, and there can be no doubt of the reliability
of  results which agree at stations in  the same  vicinity both  in their  absolute  and comparative
temperatures.   Whatever  zero error  may  exist in any  instrument,  its  comparisons for successive
dates are not affected,  and if the dates and measures of difference at two  stations, not far distant, are
found to agree, both records are sufficiently verified.
     For the purpose of comparison of the measures of variation in a period of years in the interior of 
REPORT.
717
Europe, the following records may be cited:*  Riga, on the Baltic,  in latitude 56°  57' ;  Cracow,
Poland, latitude 50° 4'; and Taganrog, near the Black sea, Southern Russia, latitude 47° 12' north.
At Riga,  for thirty-five years,  from 1795 to 1832, inclusive, the maximum range  for the three
months of autumn is 12°.1, 13°.1, and  20°.2, successively; at Cracow, for twenty-seven years, from
1826 to 1832, 11°.8, 10°.8, and 12°.4; and at Taganrog, for sixteen years, 1817 to 1832, 7°.2, 9°.4,
and 20°.7.
Stations.	SEPTEMBER.			OCTOBER.			NOVEMBER.		
	Highest.	Lowest.	Range.	Highest.	Lowest.	Range.	Highest.	Lowest.	Range.
	57.8 63.8 62.6	45.7 52.0 55.4	12.1 11.8 7.2	46.1 53.0 53.1	33.1 42.2 43.7	13.0 10.8 9.4	40.5 41.2 46.8	20.3 28.7 26.1	20.2
									12.4
									20.7
									
    These results  show  that  the  interior  of Europe  has a large measure of this  description of
variability, and that, if the corresponding portions of the two continents were compared, there would
be less difference between  them than is usually supposed to exist, if, indeed,  any difference in regard
to the variability of mean  temperatures remained.   It  appears inexplicable that a difference greater
than the  measure  of  the lowest temperature above zero may occur  between like months of the
successive years of a series at latitudes so low, and at stations with so high mean annual temperatures,
as Forts Leavenworth and Snelling, and this also without any apparent periodicity or gradation of
years from the coldest to the warmest.  These variations are undoubtedly absolutely non-periodic,
since the longest series of observations show no return of any extreme, by whatever steps that extreme
was at first approached, and the greatest contrasts are as likely to occur at dates very near each other
as at remote points of the series.
* Annales de l'Observatoire Physique, Central de Russie, St. Petersburg, 1853. 
718
REPORT.
DISTRIBUTION  OF TEMPERATURE  FOR THE  WINTER.
     The order of arrangement of temperature  statistics  has usually been to place the results for the
 Avinter first, and in many systems to include the last month of each year  with the first two of the
 next.   This order makes the winter a continuous period, and its measurements of temperature, and
 other  conditions, have heretofore been considered first in examining results for the year, in most of
 the European  systems.  The inconvenience of such a  form of presenting the statistics, has, however,
 usually caused the arrangement of the results of observations in American systems in seasons derived
 from  the single year, and the winter is thus  made  up of two periods, separated by the remaining
 months.  In this  arrangement the  winter  comes  last in the enumeration,  and has its more natural
 place  in the thermal year, notwithstanding the  defect  of its period, since it is the natural close of the
 temperature curve rather than its beginning.  If the consideration of time alone were not controlling,
 it would be still more appropriate to take the winter period, of the three continuous  months, as the
 last of the temperature divisions of the year.
     There are many points of convenience, at least,  in the order here followed, and the examination of
 the winter features is facilitated by passing immediately from its features to  those of the year.   The
 displacement of time of the first two months has, apparently, no effect on a general summary, though
 single years are but imperfectly represented, and the comparison of months becomes the best mode of
 exhibiting the changes of  successive years.   The annual curve of temperature displaces the thermal
 year in its relation to the  astronomical year  by something more than a month,  or from December
 21st to January 28th for the average of the United States ;  and two-thirds  of the period designated
 as winter thus belongs to  the descending branch  of the curve.   As  the characteristics of the  three
 months are derived from the descending temperatures mainly, the more natural position of the season
 is at the last, and preceding the summary for the year.
     The area embraced by these observations presents an extreme of low temperature, generally, for
 the winter; and the normal continental refrigeration,  or  that which would  occur  if no  part of the
 continent had much elevation above the sea, is,  undoubtedly, much exaggerated by the great altitude
 of the  mountains and high plateaux near the Pacific.  The western half of  the continent is so much
 affected by this feature of configuration that  no low inland areas experience a softened climate, like
 the climate of such areas in western Europe, and the question whether such sea influences exist here as
 as are  found on the west coasts of the eastern  continent, has been, for this reason, and still is, much
 obscured.  It is very clear that the winter depression of temperature here differs more from that of the
 same latitudes in Europe than the measure of summer heat does from theirs, or, in a word, that if all the
 Ioav temperatures here Avere less extreme, the parallelism of the two continents would be nearly restored.*
 The isothermals for the summer are, on the whole, in  quite similar  positions of latitude for the two

   * Sir John Richardson remarks this feature of the comparison of the two continents in his Analysis of the Climate of British America.
 ^Arctic Expedition in search of Sir John Franklin.)  "The mean annual heat of Europe is from 8° to 15° Fahrenheit greater than that
of America at the  same distance  from the equator, while the summer heats differ only from 2° to 6° ; the inferior mean heat of
 America  is, therefore, due principally to exrpssive winter colds,  and this  is decidedly the case in the interior." 
REPORT.
719
continents, and the borders of the Gulf of Mexico, on the north, equal the temperatures of the south
shores of the Mediterranean in the same latitudes.  The line of 68° for July, in Germany and central
France, is reproduced in Canada, and on the plains of the upper Missouri, on the same parallel; and
this equality, at that part of the year, is very striking.
    It is  not intended here  to enter  upon  the  consideration of the causes of this most conspicuous
feature of winter temperatures  on this  continent.  There  are, probably, others more general than
that just mentioned, or, at least, others than the vertical configuration, though the great altitude of
the mountain districts  near the Pacific must  very much aid the reduction of the winter temperature
by precipitating the moisture of the sea winds and surface atmosphere, and by preventing the circu-
lation of the warm sea atmosphere to the  interior.  There is further proof that this cause largely
affects the temperature distribution in the high  and uniform  temperatures  of the immediate  coast of
the Pacific to the northern limit of these  observations.  The  decrease in the winter mean is but ten
degrees for fifteen degrees of latitude from San  Diego to Astoria,  or two-thirds of a degree of tem-
perature to one of latitude.   Continuing to Sitka there is a diminution of six degrees of temperature
for eleven of latitude,  or nearly the same proportion.  The influence of the Gulf stream on the coast
of Europe is so great that the parallel conditions do  not obtain,  yet there is not a wide difference
between the measures of diminution observed there and those of the Pacific coast.*
    With this general feature of an equable temperature on the Pacific coast, and a wide separation of
the isothermal lines, is next associated the rapid  decrease of temperature on the meridians of the inte-
rior and the compression of the isothermals there, and at the  eastern coast.   Of isothermals differing
five degrees but three can be made to cut the Pacific coast from San Diego to the 49th parallel, while
in New Mexico six  such lines are  compressed within  five degrees of latitude, and on a central meri-
dian terminating at the mouth of the Rio  Grande, thirteen isothermals  of five degrees  difference
occur, and on the Atlantic coast the same number from Maine to Florida.   The interior line crosses
tAventy-three degrees of latitude, and that of the Atlantic  coast twenty-two, and taking  the differ-
ences  of temperature of the extreme isothermals we find the  diminution to be at the rate of two and
seven-tenths degrees of the thermometer to one degree of latitude, a ratio, in comparison with that of
the Pacific coast, of more than four to one.   The compression of lines in New Mexico is exceptional,
because the altitude increases very rapidly, yet the area so influenced is so large that it is necessary
to represent the superficial distribution without reducing the observations  to their equivalents at sea
level.   The anomalous distribution which would be introduced by this course is elsewhere  alluded
to, and it is as necessary to adhere to the  mode of illustration here chosen in winter as for other
periods.
   * Taking three stations on the western coast of Europe which most equally divide the distance to 60O north latitude, we find
measures, both positive and relative, differing little from those of the Pacific coast of this continent, as may be seen by the following
tabular arrangement:
	AMERICAN STATIONS.				EUROPE.VN STATIONS.			
		Lat.	Mean winter temp.	Dec. for each deg. of lat.		Lat.	Mean winter temp.	Dec. for each deg. of lat
		320 42' 40O 11' 570 00'	520.3 420.4 36Q.5			380 42' 50O T 60O 24'	520.5 440.2 360.3	
				00.74 00.55				OO 72
								00.77
								
100 
7^0                                       REPORT.
    Notwithstanding the great interior altitudes, the general course of the winter isothermals very
dearly recognizes the unequal temperatures of the opposite sides of the continent, which are usually
considered to belong to the great land areas in these latitudes.  The point of natural minimum tem-
peratures for the continent is  broken up by the presence of the  great lakes, and for this reason the
greatest depression falls west of them, though at several points further east, and in northern Maine,
particularly, the lines fall very nearly  as low.   With an allowance, even at a very low rate, for
decrease of temperature with the altitude, the curve of the isothermals from the Mississippi westward
would be quite sharp toward  the north, and the analogies of the winter distribution on the eastern
continent would be found to hold.  But for the local influence of the great lakes this curvature would
evidently find its lowest point farther  east, and the coldest district would fall,  as in  Asia, near
the eastern  border of the continent.
     The ameliorating  influence of the lakes is too decidedly marked to escape attention, and its
favorable effect on the general climate  cannot be  unimportant.   The peninsula of Michigan, Ohio,
 New York, and Vermont, with much of Canada, show decidedly  higher temperatures near the lakes,
and the  abrupt curve of the isothermals from the Mississippi valley to Lake Michigan proves that the
altitude is not the cause of the amelioration.  The  presence of  these  large bodies of water in the
 area when  the greatest winter cold  would naturally fall, is most  fortunate for the cultivable districts
 of this part of the United States, and  though they may, from  some addition to the humidity, add
 something to the sensible temperature of the colder  months, they prevent the extreme low tempera-
 tures which would otherwise occur.
      The east side of the continent agrees strikingly in temperature with similar latitudes of the east
 of Asia: Pekin at 40°  of latitude has a winter mean of  30°, or very  nearly that of New York.  The
 general position of the  isothermals for January given by Dove for the two coasts is quite similar, and
 the Asiatic coast has also a warm ocean current similar to the Gulf stream.  The greater contrasts
 of the two continents thus belong to the western areas,  or to the comparison of this as a whole with
 the unusually warm area of western Europe.
      The position of the thermal lines  in the northeast, on leaving the coast  towards the interior,
 should have a sharper  curve southward than that given them from  the posts of northern Maine, as
 these,  Forts Kent, Fairfield,  etc.,  are  much less elevated above  the  sea  than the interior of New
 England generally.  The  lake valleys are all low also, and the isothermal of 25° recurves  from
 Fort Ontario to the highlands of southern  New York,  and falls off  southward some distance before
 finding a passage across the high interior of these States.   The  line of 32° has less curvature at the
 mountains it passes, and its general course from the coast to the  interior is slightly south of west—at
 its lowest point on the plains  being near three degrees south of its position near New York, on the
 Atlantic coast.
      Below this line the isothermals are but little  curved, and they all tend southwestwardly, though,
 with corrections for altitude, they would recurve  northward beyond the Mississippi, except at the
 Lower Rio Grande.  At this last point it  is clearly  colder in  winter than at  the sea level in any
 corresponding part of Florida.  The  peninsula of  Florida has  two thermal lines  which do not
 appear  in Texas, those of 65° and 70°, and the highest temperature  of Texas, 62°.5, cuts the Florida
 peninsula at the middle, and  at a  point two and a half degrees  of latitude  further north than its
 position in Texas.
      As it is,  the central portion of the plains at about the 97th meridian is the line of minimum 
REPORT.
721
temperatures,  and of the most extreme  southward  curvatures.  West of this they  divide in both
directions, going much further south on the high plains of Texas,  and bending still more sharply
north on the  northern part of the great  plains.  The line of 32° is  the first which curves north
instead of south as the altitudes increase—that of 30° changes position still more, and that of 25°
passes from a point south of Fort Kearney on a diagonal to the areas of latitude and longitude to the
sources of the Missouri river, or across eight degrees of latitude.  This is an unexpected result, which
is due in part to the decrease of altitude on this line from the Arkansas to the Upper Missouri of
more than fifteen hundred feet at 105° west longitude, and of two thousand feet from Fort Laramie.
    On the plateaux of the Rocky mountains, and in New Mexico, the curvatures are generally similar
for  all seasons.   The  great return curves are mainly due to altitude, and they bring the winter
climate of Fort Mackinac down to thirty-seven and a half degrees of latitude in New Mexico—a mean
of 20° being found there, at Fort Massachusetts, while the mean of 40° occurs at Fort  Monroe on the
same parallel of the  Atlantic coast.  The  line  of 32° lies south of  Santa Fe,  and west of the Rio
Grande the plateaux of the Sierra Madre, at Fort Defiance, are two or three degrees colder still.
    From this last  point  the thermal lines of 20°,  25°, and  30°, run on true diagonal lines north-
west,  and those of 32° and  35°  nearly so, making only a  single curvature southwestward in the
mountains  of Oregon ; but neither of these lines reaches the coast at any point south of Sitka, in
latitude 57°.  The line  of 40° is pressed westward by the mountains  so much as to run parallel to
the coast from the northern line of the chart to California, and here it turns to the Sierra Nevada,
which is followed most  of its length.   The position of this  line, and of those of 45° and 50°, is
undetermined between the  posts of California  and those of New Mexico, but they are connected in
the view that the deserts which they cross are here elevated and cold  in winter, and that the districts
east of the Colorado are still more decidedly cold at this season, as they are known to be very greatly
elevated in the vicinity of the thirty-fifth parallel.  The lower valley of the Colorado,  at Fort Yuma,
gives  a high  winter  temperature,  compared with the  districts in  its vicinity, yet it is much less
extreme in this comparison than at  other seasons.  On the coast, as has  before been noticed, the lines
have a  sharp curve northward, and they  are  widely separated, those of 45°, 50°,  and 55°, only
appearing on its whole extent.
    At sea, on the Pacific side, the absolute temperatures are at once higher than those of the land,
and higher than in summer for two or three degrees of longitude next the coast.   The thermal  lines
bend abruptly to conform to this difference, but  it is probable that after changing position four or five
degrees of latitude, they follow the parallels for an  indefinite distance toward the central regions of
the Pacific ocean.  The mean of a sufficient number of observations to afford a near  approximation
to the water temperatures here, gives the numbers 56, 59, 57,  57, and 58,* for successive areas of five
degrees extent, both in latitude and longitude, from  San Francisco to the meridian of the Sandwich
Islands.  On  the next line of similar areas southAvard, or between 30° and 35° north latitude, the
numbers taken successively from the coast are 56.5, 57, 63, 64, and 57.  The  number  of observations
in this case is less than before, and  the irregularity is due to this fact, in all probability.
    In the Gulf of Mexico the water temperatures are much above those of either coast.  The mean
of three sets of observations, equidistant in the  area from New Orleans to the  25th parallel,  gives
70° for the body of water nearest the coast, 73°  for the  second, and  76° for the vicinity of the 25th
parallel.  Yet the temperature at Fort Brown, near the mouth of the Rio Grande, is but 62°.3, and
* From Maury's charts. 
722
REPORT.
 Key West, at this parallel, and surrounded by Avarm Avaters, has a winter mean  of but 70°.  There
 is. undoubtedly, a difference as great between the tenipeiature of the air of the  Gulf in winter and
 that of the Avaters, as betAveen the measure  at  Key West and that derived from the mean of Avater
 temperatures at this parallel.  The knoAvn preponderance of land Avinds, and the frequent occurrence
 of great depressions of temperature during these Avinds, may account for a greater difference betAveen
 sea and air  temperatures, under these circumstances, than would be found elsewhere.  Sudden and
 extreme changes, reducing  the temperature of the air many degrees  for tAvo  or three  days,  are
 characteristic of the winter climates all around the Gulf, and as the surface Avaters continually come
 from Avarmer climates to supply the draught of the Gulf stream,  the water participates less in these
 depressions than the air, or than bodies of water not constantly supplied with new accessions.
     The Gulf coasts are not modified by its high temperature  in winter  so much  as would seem
 inevitable  under ordinary circumstances, and the only apparent reason is the great relative refrigera-
 tion of the continent generally, and the consequent prevalence of land winds instead of Avinds toward
 the continent.  These winds are violent, also, in proportion  to  the contrast of temperatures, and  as
 no general atmospheric circulation aids to drive the sea air inland, as is  the case in the Avest Avinds of
 the European coast, and to some extent in the summer winds of the Gulf, the natural reversion from
 the land prevails, and little modification of the climate of winter is due to the presence  of warm
 waters in the Gulf.
     Similar results belong to most of the Atlantic coast, and the thermal lines all curve largely north-
 ward  under the influence of the warm waters of the Gulf stream.   Observations of water tempera-
 ture, very  near the coast, give  measures but little higher than those observed at posts on the land ;
 but at short  distances at sea  the increase of temperature is very great, and if the prevalent winds
 were reversed, the climate would be greatly softened by the proximity of waters of so high a tempera-
 ture.   Off the coast at Fort Monroe, the first set of observations, from a breadth of one  degree  of
 longitude, gives  a mean for  the water of 46°, the next  61°, and 65°, 69°, 68°, and 67°, successively;
 shoAving a rapid increase, and a very high temperature for the  central bands of the Gulf stream,
 beyond which they fall off somewhat.* These temperatures  must  greatly modify the  heat of the
 atmosphere of the vicinity at least;  and they require the compression of  the isothermals quite closely
 along  the  northeastern coast and  near Newfoundland.   As the sea has a temperature of nearly 50°
 at the  40th parallel, and within the principal part of the Gulf stream—the mean of sixty-five obser-
 Arations off the  coast between 37^° and 40° of latitude  and west  of 70° of longitude being  51°, the
 isothermal of 50° must come near  this latitude on the meridian of Newfoundland, and the lines from
 25° to 50° are,  therefore, compressed into a space of seven degrees of latitude in  winter on the
 NeAvfoundland banks.   At high temperatures the measure for the air may differ largely from that for
 the Avater,  especially Avhere strong atmospheric movements from land areas change the temperature
 rapidly, but at temperatures near 32° the difference  is much less, and over unfrozen  seas the air is
 usually retained at or near that temperature, when great comparative depressions occur on the land.
     In constructing the isothermals of the northern boundary for the winter, the most  thorough com-
 parison of  accessible data beyond the limits of the United States has been made to ascertain whether
 the positions  given by the military posts there AA-ould be essentially modified in any case.  At this

  * The  observations here used are from Maury's charts.  The Coast Survey researches (Coast Survey Reports for 1853 and 1854 )
 give decisive measurements of deep-sea temperatures in the Gulf stream, and of the position of the various currents and bands of warm
and cold  water. 
REPO RT.
723
season the changes for like distances of latitude are greater than at an;y other, and the minimum of
continental temperatures is well defined,  falling to zero of  Fahrenheit  at the 95th  meridian.  The
observations in British America are  made up of several series at St. Johns, Newfoundland; at Hali-
fax and Frederickton, N. B., Quebec, and Montreal, republished by Dove; the valuable series at Toronto,
and a large collection, by Richardson, of  temperature  observations  near Lake Superior and in every
part of British America.*   In this last collection  there are posts on the Ottawa river; at Michipi-
coten and  Fort William, on Lake Superior;  Rupert House, Oxford  House, Cumberland House, and
others in the immediate vicinity of the positions given to the thermal lines of the charts, or in the direc-
tion of their extension beyond the United States boundary.  These  references have greatly aided in
affirming the positions outlined by the observations at the military posts, and there is no instance of
any  considerable discrepancy, such as might be likely to occur, even  with entire accuracy of all the
records, from the differences of date  and the short periods of observation in the different cases.   It is
evident that the non-periodic range of winter mean temperatures is  less than that of  other seasons in
the highest observed latitudes, and less  than that belonging to the same period in the south of the
United States.   The following comparisons illustrate this important fact in temperature distribution:
     Northern posts of the United States—
Hancock Barracks, Me.,       _____
Fort Brady, Mich.,     ______
Fort Mackinac, Mich.,   ------
     Western posts—
Fort Winnebago, Wis.,        -
Fort Snelling, Min.,          _    _     _     _     _
   Southern posts—
Fort Gibson, Ark.,     ____-..
Fort Jesup, La.,        ------
Fort Moultrie, S. C,    ------
St. Augustin, Fla.,     -__-__
     The posts of the western interior are seen to be exceptional, and  to have nearly as great a range as
those at the south, yet it is clear that low temperature alone,  beyond a certain limit, has the effect to
diminish the range of non-periodic oscillations, and to render the climate more equable.  If this out-
lined result shall be found to be sustained, it avouUI point to  the  conclusion that the great non-periodic
variations of temperature  are confined to the temperate latitudes mainly, or are only intruded  into
the arctic regions in the summer and in  connection with a  certain  degree of  heat, and  certain condi-
tions characteristic of temperate climates.f   The most striking  range is shown at Fort Moultrie, and,
in the absence of supporting observations, its accuracy might be doubted, but the extreme dates, which

   ■Prof. H. W. Dove, in Transactions of Berlin Academy, 1848, and in Rep. of British Association, 1847 and 1848 ;  Col. Sabine,
on the temperature of Toronto, in Phil. Trans. Royal Society, 1853; Arctic Searching Expedition,a Journal of a Boat Voyage through
Rupert's Land, by Sir John Richardson, 1852;  Canadian Journal of Ag. and Science, etc.
   f The Arctic temperatures hitherto published are scarcely decisive of this point, yet the uniformity of winter temperatures in very
cold climates is constantly noticed.  Richardson remarks that " in the high latitudes the mean heat of the three winter months does not
vary greatly in different  years," and that "the intense winter colds are due, in a great measure, to active and undisturbed radiation."
He also infers a small range of summer temperatures in high latitudes; but there are frequent references, both in Richardson's work and
in others of a like character, to seasons "a month later" or a month earlier than usual, and to great differences in the amount of ice
and snow at like dates of the warm seasons in these latitudes.
17	years;	maximum	winter range	; 7°.l
31	a	cc	cc	7°.2
24	a	cc	cc	9°.9
16	cc	u	cc	9°.4
35	cc	cc	cc	15°.9
27	a	f<	cc	14°.4
23	cc	a	cc	14°.8
28	cc	cc	cc	16°.7
20	ii	cc	. c	15°.4
 
724
REPORT.
are 1S2S for the high temperatures, and 1831 for the cold extreme, are also the dates compared at St.
Augustine. Florida, with nearly the same range.   At Augusta arsenal, Georgia, the same dates give
a range of 14.3, and at  Fort Johnston, N. C, a range of 16°.7, or precisely the same as that
observed at Fort Moultrie,
    On the Pacific coast the periods  are insufficient to show what the range for the winter may be,
but the greatest  recorded in  periods of six years is four degrees.  It is undoubtedly less than that
for any other districts, as, at Key West, years  next succeeding  each other frequently give a greater
range, and the greatest  in fourteen  years  is  8.2  degrees.   The stations in New Mexico are also
incomplete in their periods; but the range appears to be very nearly the same as at the same temper-
atures in  the  eastern United  States.
    The range for single months of the winter has less practical  importance than that for the seasons
previously noticed, except, perhaps, at the  extreme south, where a semi-tropical cultivation  exists.
This  range is  everywhere very great,  and the minimum in  any winter very irregular in its position
in the period of three months.   There is, also,  the most absolutely non-periodic character belonging
to all these changes, both as regards the  same year and in a series of years.  As an instance, the
mean for January at New York is fifteen times  below 30° in a period of thirty-three years, yet there
is no similarity  in the relations of any single date or succession of  dates, and no approach to
symmetry of the curves of a  line traced  through  the  successive means.  In  a line so  traced for
January there are five instances of large departures, with one or two  years intervening between the
extremes;  but there are  also  many single departures or differences, nearly equal to those, made up
of two or  three years, and there is no  apparent  conformity of any portion of the line with a striking
feature of any other portion.   In February there are three or four high and low points, but they are
unequal in degree and in distance.  In December the same great and unequal variations occur, with a
preponderance of large changes in single  years, as  in  February; and the only noticeable feature
of uniformity  is  that the opposite extreme for any month  may be expected in  the  first year, or
within two or  three years, following a very warm or very cold month.
    The period of a month is  generally taken as the average duration of  the greater number of non-
periodic variations, and these  comparisons confirm  the correctness of  this definition of the period of
a large class at least, as the number of contrasts is equal -to the number of coincidences in comparing
the three  months.  Taking the coincidences, or the  curve for the whole winter, into  consideration,
we find the same irregularity of position, and the same preponderance of large changes  in a single
year.   If  there is a periodicity in either period, no trace of it is apparent in the curves for this period
of thirty-three years.
    The discussion of other series is perhaps  unnecessary in this connection, as it is apparent at a
glance  that their general features are the same.  The field opened for tracing  the position  and
degree of  these non-periodic variations is, however, an unequalled one in respect  to the  area they
influence,  if not sufficient, in  regard  to time, to decide the  question of periodicity beyond question.
As the signal monthly extremes belong more  decidedly than otherwise to the colder months,  some
comparison of the districts influenced  by these variations may be made here.
    Taking the cold extremes first, and commencing with the single  months of winter, we find five
instances, in thirty-five years, of a mean below 6°  for January at Fort Snelling.  The lowest in
1820, appears  to have been general,  but it  cannot be traced, as  there were then few perfect records-
the next  below  6° was in 1834, and belonged only to January;  in the lake  district and at the east 
REPORT.
725
there was but little change, and the depression was not thrown forward into the next month; but all
the western interior had a temperature eight to twelve degrees below the average, even as far south
as Fort Jesup.  At New Orleans the fall was less, and  Key West was about five degrees above the
mean.   This refrigeration was evidently confined to the  interior, and had no progressive movement,
as the following month was of a higher temperature than usual everywhere.  The next of this class
was in 1847, and the cold characterized the whole winter, with much the lowest  point in January.
Going east, as before, from  Fort  Snelling, the cold of the whole period disappears in New York and
the northeast;  but the upper lakes show a considerable depression, which  extends, as before, only
toward the south and west, and disappears before reaching Florida.   At these posts, again, the heat
is much above the mean, and this is the case  as far north as Fort Monroe.   The next instance  is in
1849, when January  is the coldest point of a cold winter at Fort Snelling, as in the previous cases;
it is similarly cold at all  the northern  posts to the Atlantic, and as far south as New  York; but
there is  little change at Detroit and in the  interior southward; the south Atlantic posts are at the
average  temperature, and those of Florida warmer than usual in January,  though two or three
degrees  colder in February.  At New Orleans this last  feature was still more decided, but the
western  interior  gave, as in  the previous cases, the same low temperature that was felt at Fort
Snelling.  In 1854  the lowest point since  1820 was  observed at  this post in  January, and the
relations of this may be widely  traced at the west; but at the  east  it  was not felt at all, and in
Florida a reverse condition prevailed to  some extent,—at Key West 5° of excess above the mean
temperature.   All  the western interior participated in  the depression, as before, with the whole of
the  continent westward from Fort Snelling, including  California and some parts of New Mexico.
The difference at Fort Laramie was 8°.5 ; at the posts of Oregon, 8 to 10 degrees ; and in California
3 to 5 degrees, except at the two posts of the south, San Diego and Fort Yuma.  At stations in the
Rocky mountains at 47° north latitude £he same depression occurred.*
     Of extreme low temperatures less marked at Fort Snelling, the first in January is in 1831, and this
was universal in the south and west, but it disappeared at Fort Mackinac and in the lake district, and
it was felt but very slightly north of Philadelphia.   At Key West it also disappeared, but at  other
posts in Florida there was a fall of some degrees.
     In 1838 and 1844, great depressions of temperature occurred at Fort Snelling in January, and in
1823, 1829, 1832, 1835, 1843, and 1853 nearly equal extremes of cold in February.   In  December,
the years 1822, 1831, 1848, and 1849 were so distinguished.  The cold of 1838 was in both January and
February, but at every other point it occurred only in the  latter  month,  and it was  then quite
universal, and as severe at the east and south as at Fort Snelling.  In 1844 the cold of January was
but  four degrees below the mean at Fort Snelling, and about the same in the  lake district, but north
and east of New York it was eight to ten degrees below.  South of St. Louis the month was warmer
than usual by four to six degrees.
     Of  the  February extremes  that of 1823 appears to have been  universal, at it  occurs at Fort
Jesup,  in Florida and South Carolina,  and at Fort Sullivan  in nearly the same degree.   That  of
1829 was almost equally general, disappearing in Maine and the south of Florida, and  having its
largest measure at St. Louis ; that of 1832 was  confined to  the northwest,  the lake district,  and
Maine, while the south Avas five to  eight degrees above  the mean ; that of 1835 was very severe  at
the  southwest and south,  causing disastrous frosts in Florida and  the semi-tropical districts  but
* Report of survey of railroad routes to the Pacific. 
720
REPORT.
moderate and unimportant over the entire north.  In 1843 the greatest non-periodic variation occurred,
embracing March, and giving a decreasing temperature from the  mean of  January through both
the following months, over all the south and  west.   It was less extreme in Florida than the cold
of 1835, but much greater everywhere else.   In the northeast the minimum Avas in February, and
the depression  not so great as elscAvhere.  The February  minimum  of 1853 Avas confined to the
extreme northwest, appearing only at the posts nearest Fort Snelling.
    Of the December extremes that of 1831  Avas very general and severe, embracing Florida, and
having the largest measure of depression at almost every point that appears for this month in any year.
That of 1848 appears only at the northwest, and at the southwest  above Fort Jesup, while at the
east and  south the temperature is some degrees above the mean.   That of 1849  is confined to  the
northwest alone, and no compensating extreme appears at any point.
    This examination of the non-periodic depressions  of temperature has been made upon the striking
winter extremes because they are more readily traced, and their law should be more easily deducible
from such marked cases.   The points which may be noticed are, that from this central continental
area defined by Fort Snelling there appears no progressive movement of these extremes, that is, they
are not first observed here and subsequently transferred to another month at the extreme point of any
line of distance.   That of  1843 continued much  longest at the west and southwest,  moving in that
direction if any movement could be supposed, but there are no other evidences of movement.  Those
of January generally influenced the western districts uniformly, were  interrupted or modified in the
lake district, and had some evidence of the existence of compensating  temperatures at the southeast
and northeast.  But in February there  were no important  indications of this sort, and in  December
but one appearance of compensating temperature.  In 1854 the refrigeration  belonged to nearly the
whole continent, and there was certainly no evidence of progressive movement.
    In examining other series for periods of about thirty years, the number of depressions of tempera-
ture amounting to five degrees on the monthly mean is generally five  for each month, or  nearly  as
many as at Fort Snelling.   The entire area east of the Rocky mountains  appears  liable to an equal
number of these variations, and to measures for each more nearly equal than would be found if these
variations were  the consequence of  continental influences alone, and though they have been examined
from the point which may be regarded as the maximum district of refrigeration, the oscillations are
certainly no greater at Fort Snelling than at posts much less distant from  the  coasts.   The most
important inferences are that the origin of these non-periodic oscillations is exterior to the continent,
and that they are  central to the belt of temperate climates—that they have no progressive movement
and that they are modified by local influences from land or water surfaces, but not essentially controlled
by them in any case. 
REPORT.
727
MEAN ANNUAL DISTRIBUTION OF HEAT.
      The distribution of heat exhibited by the mean temperatures for the year less clearly illustrates
 any positive condition than that for either of the seasons, and, as the curve for the various  parts of
 the year is greater here than in most observed countries, it is proportionally further from the desired
 positive value in such  comparisons.  The  mean for  the  year is  passed  in  the  annual march of
 temperature, during the months of April and October, and in the central districts,  at the 80th to the
 90th meridians, these two months are very nearly correct representatives of the mean temperature for
 the year.   At the east of this  line April is always below the mean and October above it, and this
 difference is greatest at the farthest points north and east, amounting to about two and a half degrees
 of deficiency for April, and to four degrees of excess for October.  The points representing the annual
 mean would be at the close of these, or at the first of the following months.   The same distribution
 exists in the lake district, but west of it April at once becomes warmer than  the  year, and for the
 interior north of St.  Louis both months  are two degrees or more above the annual mean; showing
 that the number of days above the mean is greater than of those below it, and that the cold is more
 extreme than the heat, or a greater departure from the natural symmetry.  In the southwest October
 is more or less below the mean, and April two or three degrees above it, but this feature belongs to
 the  eastern part of the plains, and  not to Texas.  At most of the posts in Texas both months are
 above the mean.   On the western side of the plains, at Fort Laramie, April is  again below and
 October above; in New Mexico  they appear nearly equal,  though the periods are imperfect.  In
 California  October is  often the warmest of the year,  and there is  no regular curve, but in Oregon
 the  annual curve appears to be thrown forward as in the Atlantic States.
     An analysis of the  curve  for each of these districts by the aid of daily means of temperature
 would have great value,  and without it we can only roughly say that the point where the temperature
 march for  the year  cuts the mean may change from  the 1st of April to the 1st of May, and from,
 perhaps, the 10th of October to the 10th of November.   The  number of  days  above the mean is
 generally greater than the number below, and for the interior east of the Rocky mountains greater
 by nearly  half a month.   In  a very valuable review of a series  of  temperature observations at
 Toronto, Canada, for twelve years, Colonel Sabine* gives the mean or nominal temperatures for  that
 latitude, 43° 40', as taken from Dove's " Verbreitung der Warme,"  and also the thermic anomaly, or
 differences  of the Toronto measures  from  these theoretical normal quantities.   As this series  is a
 type  of all  the series of these posts north of 35° of latitude, it may be identified in its departures
 from normal measures with much the larger number of  these stations.  In the remarks relating to
 distribution of temperature for  the  spring the differences of successive months at  that season Avere

   *  Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. 1853, p. 141, et seq.  (" On the Periodic and Non-Periodic Variations of the  Temperature at Toronto, in
Canada, from 1841 to 1852, inclusive.  By Colonel Edward Sabine, Royal Artillery, Treas. and V. P. R. S.")
             101 
728
REPORT.
seen to be an average of ten degrees for the eastern United States, and the like differences at Toronto
for  the mean of twelve years, from 1841 to 1852, are 10°.9 from March to April, 10° from April to
May, and 9°.9  from May to June.   The following  are  the normal temperatures  assigned  to this
latitude,  43° 40', and the measures of departure at Fort Preble, Toronto, Fort Winnebago, and Fort
Vancouver, four points of the line representing the .more important districts near this latitude:
	Jan.	Feb.	Mar.	April.	May.	June.	July.	Aug.	Sept,	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Year,
Normal temperatures for latitude 430 40'..	32.8	34.7	40.1	50.2	58.1	64.6	68.7	68.5	61.5	53.8	43.2	36.0	51.0
Differences or anomaly at Fort Preble.....	—10.0	—10.2	— 7.6	— 7.3	— 5.3	— 1.5	-f 0.5— 2.1		— 4.6	— 4.0	— 5.4	— 9.2	— 5.8
Do........do... .at Toronto........	— 7.8	—11.3	— 9.9	— 9.1	— 6.9	— 3.5	— 2.3— 2.3		— 3.5	— 8.9	— 6.7	— 9.2	- 6.8
Do........do... .at Fort Winnebago,	—13.3	—16.2	— 7.5	— 3.0	— 1.4	+ 1.0	4- 2.2	— 1.2	— 3.7	— 6.9—11.1		—14.7	— 6.2
Do........do... .at Fort Winnebago,													
reduced to sea level..............	—11.3	—14.0	— 5.5	— 1.0	4- 0.6	4- 3.0	4- 4.4	4- 0.8— 1.7		— 4.9	— 9.1—12.5		— 4.2
Differences or anomaly at Fort Vancouver,								!					
latitude 450 30'..................	4- 7.7	4- 7.0	4- 4.0	_|_ 2.3-L n sl 9 n			+ 0.0	— 2.9, n.7		— 0.5	4_ 3 3_L n ^		4- 1.6
						1		I					
     An approximate reduction of the  observations at Fort Winnebago to sea level is  made  at the
 rate of a degree for about three hundred and eighty feet of altitude.   It is very evident, from these
 differences, that the contrast of American and European temperatures in the same latitudes belongs
 mainly to the low temperature side, and that the winter gives the extreme of difference, or anomaly.
 It is apparent, too, that there are defects  in this assumed normal scale, and that it does not curve
 sufficiently, particularly for  the lower  months, to represent the natural or  average land climates
 derived from  all parts of the hemisphere, in this latitude.  There is great reason to suppose that a
 series  of stations on any parallel  here would give the measures which might  be taken as the normal
 degree of  heat, quite  as correctly as  a  series crossing the entire eastern continent, or as numbers
 derived from theoretical considerations in regard to the amount of heat distributed by the sun's rays
 on any parallel of latitude.   For the purpose of a rough examination  of this point, the following
 stations are taken nearly on this line, and  about equally distant:  Fort Preble,  Fort  Winnebago,
 Fort Laramie, and Fort Vancouver.   The last tAvo series are for defective  periods, or those insufficient
 to remove the large measures of non-periodic variation which are found in every case, and in each of
 these December is evidently too cold,  and January too warm.  The temperatures at Fort Winnebago
 are reduced to sea level by adding one degree for three hundred and eighty feet of  altitude nearly,
 or two degrees for the  altitude of  the post.   At Fort Laramie the rule which obtains in Europe for
 decrease of temperature with  the altitude, evidently will not apply at all, as the summer temperature,
 particularly,  would by this rule of reduction exceed those observed anywhere at sea level  near  this
 latitude.   An assumed decrease of one degree for about five hundred and seventy feet gives a result
 apparently satisfactory, or about  eight  degrees added  to the observed mean temperature for every
 month.  The  four series combined, after these corrections, give a'curve which differs from that of
 Dove by nearly like measures of excess in summer  and  diminution in winter,  and in this rude way
 confirms the view that the natural curve of temperatures for the continent is greater  than that given
 by Dove, and  that the temperature anomaly of the extreme months is  less  here  than  the amount
 Avhich  has  hitherto been assigned to it.   It will be seen that in respect to this curve the absolute
correction for altitude at Fort Laramie is unimportant, and that if now in excess, it only adds to the
yearly  mean of temperature. 
REPORT.
729
Stations.
Jan,
Fort Preble........................... 22.78
Fort Winnebago....................... 21.52
Fort Laramie.......................... 38.92
Fort Vancouver....................... 38.90
Feb.
Mean................................. 30.54
Difference from European normal scale.. .j—1.26
24.52
20.50
40.49
41.66
 31.79
—2.91
Mar.  April.
32.53! 42.96
34.60, 49.20
48.70| 59.49
44.14 52.55
 39.00, 50.05 58.61
—1.1 o|—0.15+0.49
May.
52.82
58.66
68.00
58.95
June,
63.11
67.63
79.23
62.67
 67.16
4-2.56
July.
68.20
72.95
86.59
68.71
 73.11
4-4.41
Aug.
66.41
69.31
85.67
65.56
Sept.
56.91
59.83
76.10
60.81
 70.74
4-2.24
 62.41
4-0.91
Oct.
Nov.  Dec. I Year.
46.76 37,
49.90 34.14
62.80 47.72
53.30 46.51
 52.19 40.54
—0.611—2.76
26.80 45.22
23.33
39.87
36.83
 30.73
—5.27
46.80
61.95
52.54
50.57
-0.43
     These differences are mainly in the curve of monthly means, and they scarcely affect the annual
mean for the latitude as determined by Dove's empirical formulas.   The normal mean, which is so
far departed from at Toronto, is restored by the  introduction of the other series, but the curve of
monthly differences  remains  in  marked contrast  with those  assumed  for Europe.  If the entire
eastern continent were embraced, or the highly heated and dry areas similar to those of the  western
interior here, it is evident that a higher summer curvature and a lower winter depression would be
found for the eastern continent as a whole.
     There are too many imperfect data in this comparison to give it more than negative value, or to
show that, with  existing records, a positive standard cannot be constructed.   These series also show
that the range of non-periodic variations is everywhere such that an extended period of time  is more
important than any other consideration, in determining any one of these principal points in regard to
the curve of temperature, and its distribution for the year.
     The isothermals of the  chart for  the year  are generally widely separated for differences of  five
degrees.  East of the 95th  meridian they are  parallel with  the  lines of latitude for districts of
moderate altitude, except at Lake Superior and on a portion of the Atlantic coast from Fort Monroe
to Florida, and at these points they curve northward.   West from the 95th meridian those above the
40th parallel of  latitude would go northwest, with proper  corrections for altitude, and those below,
though  curving  north in the interior, Avould  return  in  a singular  manner along the coast of
California to points three or  four degrees of latitude south of their position in the Mississippi valley.
Between the isothermals  of 50° and 55° the same  large area  occurs on the Pacific coast north of
Monterey and San Francisco, which is seen on  the thermal charts for  spring and autumn,  and the
isothermal of 50° for the year would go north of the 50th parallel before striking the coast.
    The mountainous interior is unquestionably more highly heated than any known district of the
same  altitude, as may be seen by applying rules of reduction to the means for the year.   With any
number Avhatever (as 570 feet) the mean  at Fort Laramie becomes  as great as that  at Fort Monroe,
or 58° ;  but  Forts Massachusetts and Defiance, in New Mexico, fall below  the temperatures  of their
latitude at  the  east, and  only Santa Fe, with others in the  Eio Grande valley, exceed  those
temperatures.  At Salt Lake, Cantonment Loring, and other  posts of observation northward, the
highest rule  of reduction would be required, as at Fort Laramie ; and it appears that two or  three
stations of the greatest altitude in New Mexico alone permit the use of a rate of reduction at all
approximating that  found to apply in Europe.   At Fort Massachusetts a rate of one degree for  475
feet Avould be required to conform its temperature to that of Fort Monroe in the same latitude on the
Atlantic coast; and if the western part of the continent were supposed to be warmer by five degrees
of latitude, the reduction would be one degree for  330 feet. But at Fort Laramie  and Great Salt 
730
REPORT.
Lake the recorded temperatures are already higher than those of either coast at the same  parallels,
though their altitudes are 4500 and 4350 feet.   In the southern part of New Mexico, at an altitude
of 4000 to 4500 feet, the temperatures are also nearly as high as at either coast, being, in fact, above
those of the Pacific, and beloAv those  of the Atlantic, by equal differences.
    It is obvious that  the  surface  peculiarities of the elevated districts of that portion of the
continent are favorable to a  great accumulation of heat, but this arid character may be itself duo  to
the altitude,  and the heat might not be greater than elsewhere in  the  absence of the mountains.
"W ith  the  existing  aridity  the  effect  of  altitude may only be neutralized, one  modification  of
temperature   compensating  the  other; but there  is  no reason  to suppose that  these  districts
Avould  have less heat than  similar positions in Europe, if the  country were generally as near the sea
level;  and in that case all  the isothermals  would curve northward from the Mississippi valley.  The
rate of correction for altitudes would then  be something more than twice  the number of feet for a
degree in every case here, than in the rule applicable in central Europe.
    These results show that  the constitution of the surface and the  general configuration,  together,
perhaps, Avith the  degree of humidity as a  possibly separate element,  control  the temperature
in a very  great degree, and more,  Avithin  certain limits, than latitude  and altitude. Humboldt
observes  the  increased mean annual temperature of the plateaux of the Cordilleras in tropical regions,
and gives the measure of excess over the temperature  of mountain declivities at the same heights as
2°.7 to 4°.l.  We have  no vertical altitudes to compare for the interior posts here, but if the recog-
nized measures  of the Atlantic coast of this continent and of Europe are assumed, the  excess* of
temperature  on the Rocky mountain plateaux is  several times greater than these numbers.  There is
scarcely any  district where the mean temperature at considerable altitudes might be taken for that at
sea level  for a higher latitude.
    The distribution of  heat for latitude is directly associated by Humboldt with that for altitude,
though there would seem to  be little parallelism here with these relations as they exist in Europe.
On the Pacific coast here the  decrease of temperature with the latitude is very slow, the isothermals
of 65° and 50° for  the year being  separated  by at least twenty degrees of latitude;  or,  using
positive points on the coast, San Diego and Sitka, separated by twenty-four and one-third degrees
of latitude, differ 16°. 6  in mean annual temperature—a decrease of 0°.68 for one degree of latitude.
In central  Europe this  decrease is 0°.9 for one  degree of  latitude,* but there are no similar points
here at  or near sea level to  compare, except in the Mississippi  valley, where  the decrease  is
thirty  degrees of temperature for eighteen of latitude—nearly 1°.7 for each.   This  is  also the rate
betAveen  the extreme posts  of the  Atlantic coast, including the whole  peninsula of Florida,  as
previously assigned for the distance from Boston to Charleston by Humboldt, who gives in addition,
the rate of 1°.6 for the coast  from Boston to Labrador.
    The interesting  features of  the  relation of these two  conditions of distribution in the interior
cannot be  followed further here,  but they deserve attention more  minutely.  There  is very little
decrease  of temperature for certain measures of latitude and altitude over a large district.
    The influence of the cold coast of California appears very decidedly in the position of the isother-
mals for the  year.  The  cause of this phenomenon  has been sufficiently explained in connection with
the summer  illustration, and it may be disposed of very briefly here.  It is a great and remarkable
* Cosmos, article Climatology. 
REPORT.
731
anomaly even when  exhibited in the  mean temperatures for the year, and the cause of it, with the
like cold current and mass of water off the coast of South America in the Pacific,, shows the existence
of most  extensive oceanic circulations  and interchanges there.  But no mass of cold waters could
produce  so  great an effect upon land climates as are found here, if there was not a great interior
rarefaction, originating and  intensifying the winds from this cold  sea  inland, and the two causes
produce a cumulative result which has no parallel.
     The range of mean temperatures for the  year in any series is very large for every part of the
United States, and it proves that the period of a year is far from being the whole time embraced by
the  greater non-periodic  variations,  and that, whatever the  period of  these  extremes, any single
year may be distinguished by several oscillations having the  same direction, either above or  below
the annual mean.   Either as months or seasons  we may readily point out conspicuous instances.
In the series of thirty-three years at Fort Columbus, New York, the  year 1836 is distinguished as
that of lowest temperature, being  four degrees below the general  mean.   Every month of the year
was below the mean, though in  unequal measures, and those most  extreme were February  and
October.  The previous year and that next following, 1835  and 1837,  were the  next lowest, each
being more than two degrees below.  Two months only, and the same months, October and Novem-
ber, of each of these years, were at or above their average temperatures respectively;  and with these
exceptions the whole period,  including the last five months of 1834, or nearly three and a half years,
was decidedly below the mean temperature.  A similar general result occured at Fort Snelling for
the mean of these years and for their warmer months, but the colder months were variable and the
difference for the year less;  and this was the case in every  part of the United  States, with some
irregularities, and generally  with greater measures of variation.
     There is no other conspicuous group of cold years in this period, though 1823 and 1824 and 1843
and 1844 are together below the mean at some posts—the  last  two  quite generally.  Two or three
years near  1812 are, however, known historically as cold years, and a reference to records of that
date shows them to have been more extreme than those of 1836, &c*
     The variations of a non-periodic character toward higher  temperatures have not been noticed for
any part of the year, and they may be briefly referred to here, though  excess of heat is a phenome-
non naturally preceding a great diminution of  heat,  and if any appearances of progressive movement
or periodicity were apparent they should be associated with extremes of high temperature.
     In the yearly means there are two groups distinguished by  high temperatures, one from 1824 to
1830, inclusive, of which 1825, 1828, and 1830 were the  most marked years; and  another period
from 1844 to 1848, each of the years of which was nearly uniformly above the mean.  The first of these
periods is  the most general, and  it is  quite conspicuous at the south and west;  but the second is
irregularly distributed,  and the measures of excess belong to shorter periods.   The most conspicuous
single  years at Fort Snelling are  1830  and 1846, and these are also  everywhere so distinguished,
1825 and 1828 being next.   On the Pacific coast, 1853 is marked as the warmest year of the period
there observed; and the summer of that year was everywhere much above the average temperature.
     The higher temperatures are quite irregularly distributed in respect to the seasons and months,
and an analysis of any series would give results analogous to those indicated in the  examination of

   * Dr. Holyoke's Observations at Salem; Cambridge Observation, by Professor Farrar.  See also Dove's Series of European Ob-
servations, Sabine's Analysis of London Observations, &c, for traces of correspondence in the first case in Europe.  The years 1811 to
1816 were embraced in this case. 
732
REPORT.
the Ioav temperature extremes.  Generally, the coincidences of single months with the seasons  and
the yearly mean are more numerous than the contrasts for any year, as of eight cases in the period of
33 years at Fort Columbus, New York, of a mean temperature for the spring months two degrees or
more above the general mean, six were coincident with like differences for the summer, autumn,  and
year;  and the same proportions occur in comparing summer and autumn with other seasons and the
year.   There might be supposed to be two classes of these non-periodic changes, one less frequent
and affecting longer periods, and another causing changes  above or below the general line of these
long periods, and belonging to periods of a month or less.
    There are few instances of very high temperatures for any month in a cold year, or of very  low
monthly means in a warm year; and, though the succession of years is full of extreme contrasts in
respect to  months, there is some decided conformity in the relations of the successive months of  any
year of which the mean is particularly cold or warm.  This is in  part  necessary consequence, it is
true;   but the point of importance is, that if any part of the year is marked by an extreme oscilla-
tion it does not find a compensating extreme in that year.
    It may be of interest to trace some of the greater instances of high temperature occurring at Fort
Snelling in their relations to other portions of the continent, as was done with the winter extremes
of cold.  The spring and summer of 1825 are together largely above the average temperature at  this
post, the excess belonging to every month from February to September.  This high temperature  was
almost universally of the  same degree and duration, the exceptions applying to one or two months
only;  as,  at some posts in the south, April was at or below  the mean, and in Maine the two extreme
months were but very little warmer than usual.   At the west, and in the central districts, the excess
was greatest, and at Fort Moultrie least.  The very high temperature of the  winter of 1827-8, which
was from  seven to nine degrees above the  mean for each month at the south, gradually disappeared
at the northeast and Avest, and was  not  felt at all at several posts nearest  Fort Snelling.  In 1830
the whole year was warm, and July eight  degrees in excess at Fort Snelling; the same month is
noticed as "unprecedentedly hot" at Fort Winnebago, where it was near thirteen degrees in excess.
This peculiar heat of July occurred at all the central  districts to the Atlantic coast; but it was not
felt at the northeastern posts, nor in so great  a degree at the south as in the interior.  In 1834 July
had a high temperature at Fort Snelling;  in the district above St. Louis the conditions were the
same, but at Fort Gibson the greatest excess was in August, the mean of which was 88°.22, giving
the highest temperatures anywhere recorded at  that  latitude in the interior.  The heat of July was
again extended through the central districts to the Atlantic at Baltimore and Fort Monroe, but was
not observed east of New York.  In 1839 April was eleven degrees above the mean at Fort Snelling,
and as it comes  between two months which were below, its progress may be traced with advantage.
This  extreme was the same in all the northwest—less marked south and southwest—and not appearing
at all in Florida and Georgia;  but it was partially felt through the central  States eastward.  It had
no change of position towards any other month at any post.
     There are other cases which may be traced with  the same general result, and other points from
which the examination may be made with a similar absence of any evidence of progressive movement
or periodicity.  In June,  1853, a very high temperature occurred in the central  States east of St.
Louis, Avhich was not felt at  all at Fort  Snelling.   The  occurrence of extreme high temperatures
appears to be of the same absolutely non-periodic character, and to have the same liability to fall in
 nearly equal measures on any district, as was apparent in the low temperature extremes. 
R EPORT.
733
     The general range of mean temperatures  for the seasons  and extreme months may be given in
tabular form for the more complete series,  with that for  the extreme months and the year:
     Range  of mean temperatures  in the United States for  the extreme months, seasons,  and year.
STATIONS.
January.
Hancock Barracks, Maine............................17 years.
Fort Sullivan,  Maine................................25  do.
Fort Constitution, New Hampshire....................25  do.
Fort Independence, Massachusetts.................... 17  do.
Fort Columbus, New York...........................33  do.
Watervliet, New York.........................-,.....31  do.
Alleghany Arsenal, Pennsylvania.....................22  do.
Fort McHenry, Baltimore, Maryland..................24  do.
Fort Monroe, Virginia, (Norfolk,).....................30  do.
Fort Moultre, South Carolina, (Charleston,)............28  do.
Fort Marion, St. Augustine, Florida...................20  do.
Key West, Florida................................... 14  do.
Fort Brooke, Florida.................................25  do.
Fort Barrancas, Pensacola, Florida....................17  do.
Mount Vernon Arsenal, Mobile, Alabama..............14  do.
Fort Pike, Louisiana.................................14  do.
New Orleans, Louisiana..............................20  do.
Baton Rouge, Louisiana..............................24  do.
Fort Jesup, Louisiana................................23  do.
Fort Gibson, Indian Territory........................27  do.
Jefferson Barracks, Missouri..........................26  do.
St. Louis, Missouri..................................12  do.
Fort Gratiot, Michigan...............................17  do.
Fort Mackinac, Michigan......................,..... 24  do.
Fort Brady, Michigan................................31  do.
Fort Howard, Wisconsin.............................21  do.
Fort Crawford, Wisconsin............................ 19  do.
Fort Armstrong, Illinois..............................11  do.
Fort Snelling, Minnesota.............................35  do.
Fort Leavenworth, Kansas...........................24  do.
Fort Kearney,  Nebraska............................  6  do.
Fort Laramie, Nebraska..............................  6  do.
Fort Brown, Texas..................................  7  do.
Fort Mcintosh, Texas...............................  6  do.
Santa Fe, New Mexico...............................  5  do.
San Diego, California................................     do.
Benicia,  California..................................  6  do.
Fort Vancouver, Oregon.............................  6  do.
Fort Steilacoom, Washington Territory................  6  do.
 16.0
 14.0
 14.0
  9.9
 12.6
 15.3
 18.9
 14.2
 16.9
 18.3
 16.1
 12.6t
•17.7
 18.2
 14.2
 10.7
 18.0}
 15.4
 17.5
 19.5
 17.6
 14.0
 13.6
 12.3
 13.0
 14.5
 19.6
 18.5
 27.9
 24.7
 19.9
 13.2
 10.0
 10.2
  4.3
  3.7
  6.9
 10.1
 12.6
July.
 8.7
 9.9
 9.0
 8.6
11.8
10.5
14.5
 6.8
 7.4
 6.1
 8.6
 5.9
 6.8
 5.3
 6.1
 6.2
 6.8
 7.1
 7.8
 7.8
12.0
 7.2
11.8
10.3
13.3
11.8
10.4
10.3
14.6
10.0
 5.2
 4.5
 2.9
 3.7
 6.9
 6.9
 4.9
 3.4
 3.8
Spring.
 6.4
 7.7
 7.0
 7.8
 7.8
 8.8
12.9
 8.9
10.1
 7.1
11.3
 3.5
 6.8
 7.1
 4.7
 6.2
 7.4
 9.3
 9.0
 9.2
15.0
 7.2
11.8
 8.1
13.0
 9.2
17.7
 6.8
17.3
17.8
 5.8
 6.4
 2.5
 4.8
 2.3
 4.7
 4.6
 4.0
 2.3
Summer, iAutumn. Winter.  Year.
 6.8
 6.8
 7.4
 4.9
 7.1
 6.7
 7.8
 6.0
 5.9
 7.3
 6.7
 3.2
 5.4
 3.2
 4.3
 3.0
 5.2
 4.8
 4.6
 8.6
 9.1
 4.7
 8.2
 5.8
 8.5
 7.6
 8.1
 8.3
11.0
 8.0
 4.1
 2.6
 2.2
 3.5
 1.8*
 2.7
 2.9
 2.5
 1.8
 7.2
 4.7
 5.7
 6.9
 9.9
 9.2
12.0
 7.2
 7.6
 9.5
 7.1
 4.2
 4.8
 4.5
 5.6
 7.0
 5.5
 6.9
 7.6
11.3
10.2
 7.4
 8.9
 7.9
 9.8
 9.9
 9.2
 6.2
10.4
 9.4
 7.0
10.811
 3.1
 3.1
 5.0
 3.6
 3.4
 2.2
 2.8
 7.1
 7.8
11.9
11.0
10.3
12.8
11.2
11.2
16.0
16.7
15.4
 8.2
11.9
 9.7
 6.8
13.3
 8.9
11.1
10.6
14.4
19.2§
 7.3
10.7
 9.9
 9.0
16.6
16.4
17.4
16.0
13.3
13.0
 4.8
 4.2
 3.6
 3.7
 2.6
 3.2
 2.3
 4.0
* 1828 and 1836 compared.
11851 and 1852 compared.
J 1828 and 1852 compared.
\ 1828 and 1831 compared.
|| At Fort Winnebago, 1830 and 1836, differ 18°.1.  At Port Snelling the years are 1830 and 1348.
II1852 and 1854.
**Two years, 1853 and 1854.  Annual range also two years, 1858 and 1854. 
734                                       REPORT.
    The imperfect periods for the Pacific stations and those of the western interior, render them rude
approximations to positive results.  The large annual range is one of the most striking features of
the table;  and particularly for  the Atlantic coast  stations, as at Fort Columbus and Fort Monroe.
The range is large, also, along the Gulf coast and  in Florida, and it appears to dimininish equally
toward each of the extreme stations of the Atlantic  coast—Fort Sullivan, Maine, and Key West.  In
the vicinity of Fort Snelling the range attains its maximum, reaching thirteen degrees on the plains
of Wisconsin; and the district stretching from this point through the central part of the United States
to Fort Monroe, has probably near ten degrees of range of mean annual temperature in any period of
the extent of twenty-five years.
    The range disclosed in the Toronto  series of tAvelve years is but four  degrees between the years
1843 and 1846 ;  but 1836 is elsewhere often lower than the first, and 1830 higher  than the last of
these, and  the  range  of a  period of twenty or thirty  years is probably six degrees there instead of
four.   This is still lower than in the central United States southward, and lower than on the plains;
and it is evident that the range is less, as a rule, in the lake district, and that it diminishes rapidly
northeastward.
    All the features  of the  range  of  mean temperatures show larger measures than would be
anticipated, and the concurrence of stations  in  similar positions is required to confirm them.  This
concurrence is generally shown by the table, and those that appeared most likely to be in error were
particularly examined and  verified.
    At the stations of New Mexico and  the Pacific coast there is some reason to  fear the  existence of
constant errors of observation, arising from the position of the thermometer, and from the frequent
interruptions of the record; but the differences of the extremes of any series are evidently much less
there than  at the east of  the Rocky mountains.  Fort Laramie gives  a much larger  range for the
same dates than Fort Steilacoom.
    By  the aid of the serial tables, recently  published in Europe, the  comparison of the distin-
guishing temperature periods of this series, with those of Europe generally, may now be very thoroughly
made, and one or two citations may be introduced here.  In the range of annual mean temperatures two
series of observations of temperature in the interior of Europe, at Cracow and Riga,* bring the record
doAvn from 1795 to 1852, and in both these the warm years, from 1824 to 1828, inclusive, are distinctly
marked as those of much the highest temperature.  The year 1829 is there the coldest of a series of
thirty-five years preceding  that date, as observed at Riga ; and 1837 and 1838 are  the coldest of the
series of twenty-seven years at Cracow, beginning in 1826.  The years 1830 to 1836 are also there
all above the mean temperature, while  on this continent 1830 alone was  so marked, the remainder,
except 1834 in some districts, Avere much below the annual mean.   The low temperature  of February
and March, 1843, which rendered the mean of that year below the average in America, was unknown
in central Europe.
   * Annales Obs. Phys. Central de Russie, 1853.  A series of 20 years at Pultowa, in southern Russia, latitude 49|°, has the warmest
years in 1836, 1843, and 1848; the coldest in 1828, 1831, and 1840. 
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REPORT.
735
DISTRIBUTION  OF RAIN,
WATEE  FALLING  IN  E,AIN  AND  SNOW
    The mode of presenting the principal facts of this distribution is similar to that employed in the
representation of the distribution of heat, the districts being defined in a general manner by the mean
of the results at stations in similar positions of altitude and exposure.  The quantity of rain is less
easily defined in this manner, and the illustration less exact, than in the temperature charts in any
case, and for many climates it could not be employed with sufficient precision to answer any require-
ment of positive science.  In western Europe slight  differences  of altitude very largely affect the
quantity of water falling in rain, and for the British islands and the northern coasts of that conti-
nent, as well as for  the mountainous districts in  the south and bordering the Mediterranean, there
could scarcely be any accurate general illustration.  A portion of  the Pacific coast and western inte-
rior here shares in these contrasts  and this irregularity without doubt, and for these  districts any
general illustration is only approximate ; but for much the larger area of the United States, and for
all portions east of the Rocky mountains, the distinguishing feature of the distribution of atmospheric
precipitation in rain is its symmetry and uniformity in amount over  large areas.  The quantity has
rarely or never any positive relation to the configuration of the surface which would identify it with
the distribution of western Europe and the north Pacific coast; and, in contrast with these, it has a
diminished quantity at the greater  altitudes generally,  and the greatest amounts in the districts near
the sea level.   It also differs from  those districts, and  from  large land areas generally, in having a
greater amount in the interior than on the coasts for the same latitudes, at least as far north as the
42d parallel of latitude.  These two  leading  features of the distribution of rain in the  United States
are of great importance in any attempt at graphic illustration, and in their absence it would scarcely
be possible to make any such illustration clear.   They are of even greater importance in the discus-
sion of a mass of results derived from positions widely distributed, and from observations embracing
a succession of years,  as they then have  a  symmetrical and associate character which permits the
elimination of errors of every sort by combining results, and by treating  them as a whole.  The
correspondence which belongs to like quantities must appear in some intelligible form  in comparing
 results at any two stations, and this conformity, if found to exist, proves at once the reliability of the
observations, and the existence of a general symmetry.
     It will require but a brief examination of the records and results of observations to show that the
 graphic illustration undertaken in  the charts  is a true expression of general  symmetry, and that if it
 is based on accurate records, embracing  a sufficient  period of time to remove the errors of non-periodic
 variation, it represents a physical fact as permanent as the lakes and rivers of a  continent themselves,
              102 
736
REPORT.
since if any slow progression of changes exists affecting the amount of water falling in rain and snow,
an  equal effect must be produced on rivers and bodies of water dependent on rains for their per-
manence.
     The principal defect of these results is in regard to the period of time they embrace.   The non-
periodic A-ariations of quantity are very great, and  a series of many  years is required to give a true
mean, even for the year, and much more for the months and seasons.  For most of the area the range,
even for a period of  three  months, may descend to  an entire absence of rain, and for single months
this entire absence is quite frequent.   For the year, the range is from the present means to less than
half that quantity, and with such large departures a short period  must necessarily fail  to give more
than an approximate result. The larger quantities of the eastern United States, and the vicinity of the
G-ulf particularly, are more affected by imperfect periods than other districts east of the Rocky moun-
tains, and at the west a range of perhaps one-fourth of the quantities  assigned to the  several districts,
should be considered as a possible change of any result by the use of a series of years of observation
numbering twenty or more.   This possible range, however, does  not  materially affect the relation of
those districts to the eastern United States  generally;  and as the periods are nearly equal in the new
districts, it may not sensibly affect the mutual relations there.  In a district having an average of three
inches of water falling for any period of three months, the variation will be proportioned to that quan-
tity, and very far less than in a district of the Mississippi valley having fifteen inches for a like period.
      The district embraced by the  observations is, as  said  in relation to the distribution of heat, a
complete and symmetrical  area, occupying  nearly all the  temperate zone  of  the continent, and
illustrating most of the important  facts of rain distribution over  such  an area.   It is  far more
valuable, even   in  regard  to what  it outlines, if the  results  are not  of the rank of  positive
determinations,  for this reason, than if the measures and illustration were for limited areas and
isolated districts.   The  comparison of districts possessing  such  diverse  features  of configuration
 cannot fail to throw  light on  the  remoter questions in regard  to the  sources of the supply of
moisture to the continents generally, as well as to the sources of  supply in this particular case.
      The quantities given in the illustration represent the mean of the areas in which they are placed,
 and not, as in  the isothermals, the measure  at  the  limiting  line.  If  the mean  of  the  numbers
 markino- two adjacent areas were placed on the line which separates them, the definition would be
the same as in the temperature illustration.  The quantities in  both cases pass  into each other  by
 gradual transition,  and the abrupt distinctions of shading and of boundary lines are  employed only
 for convenience  and clearness of illustration.   In Johnston's Hyetographic  or Rain Map of  Europe,
 these limiting lines—designated Isohyetoses for the lines of equal annual amount, and Isotherombroses
 for lines  marking the per centage of the quantities for summer  on those for the year—are marked
 with their  respective  quantities, though  their application to the areas  enclosed by these lines is
 always understood.*

     * The designation of the distribution of rain as a permanent or constant condition has no single term as yet applied.  Professor
 Johnston terms the illustration hyetographic, which is an appropriate expression for the map or chart itself.  There  is a term wanted,
 however, to express the condition, apart from any illustration, which, it is sufficiently apparent, may be regarded as one naturally of
 the most fixed and permanent character.  The constant quantity of atmospheric precipitation for any area is one which cannot be
 expressed without the use of the circumlocutory phrase, the mean of the entire amount of atmospheric precipitation of water in rain and
 snow &c.  There is a class of analogous conditions belonging to the atmosphere, of which the first or general one, aerial, may be
 taken as a type, with an apparent improvement in this nomenclature. Their order would then be, the thermal, or temperature condition ;
 the hygrometric, (hygral ?) the condition  of humidity, or of suspended moisture, the hyetal, (verog, rain,) or the general coRdition of
 atmospheric precipitation—the rain condition.  Next to these is electrical as a general atmospheric condition. 
REPORT.
737
     There is, no doubt,  some general deficiency  in  the measurements of the water falling in snow
at the military posts, and the probabilities are that  the results for  the winter months fall somewhat
below the actual precipitation of these months in every form.   In some cases  the entry has been
made of the depth of snow in  inches without converting it into water,  and in these cases one-tenth
of the recorded depth of snow has been taken  as  its equivalent  in  water.  This rule is sufficiently
near  to  accuracy for any general purpose, though for the southern latitudes it would give too small,
and for  extreme northern districts too great a quantity of water.  The error of these measurements
is,  however,  believed to be  less, on the whole, than the error of records by  amateur observers,
especially  in regard to  imperfect measurement of small quantities in  winter.   The great mass of
records  of this  latter class  are obviously deficient  in this  respect, and with  many, and perhaps
most of  such observers,  it is the habit to measure the snows  and to interpret  this measurement in
water by the best  rule at  their command, while the military records are made  under precise regu-
lations well adapted to secure correct results.   In the  annual  summary  it is believed that the small
winter deficiency  is compensated for by a natural  full measurement of actual rains,  and  by  the
fractions being usually thrown in favor of full tenths and hundredths in  the entries.
     Direct error in the reading of the scales of the  gauge rarely passes for a period of two or three
months  without detection, and all known  excesses or deficiencies, as  well as those  on which  a
reasonable doubt is thrown by any evidence, have been so distinguished in the register.   An error of
the deduction and illustration derived from any modification of the actual record in this manner may
thus  be  corrected by subsequent examination.

    To perfect the analogies in regard  to language  the point has  been submitted to Professor Turner, who concurs with Professor
Johnston in the use  of the root, verog in preference to 6jj.(3pog, which is used, to some extent, by French writers, and from which
we have ombrometer (rain-gauge,) ombrometry, &c. The shorter word hyetal is regarded as standing primarily on the same footing as
hyetographic, and in its present use the analogy of the atmospheric conditions before alluded to, and the greater facility, perhaps, in
introducing a short form of the word, have controlled the choice of hyetal over hyetographic. These terms are, at least, suggested for
the consideration of those interested in the nomenclature of this department of physical science. 
738
REPORT.
DISTRIBUTION OF  RAIN FOR THE SPRING.
    There is the same defect to be remarked in this season in regard to its identity  as  a single or
distinctive  period that was observed in the temperature distribution.   For the interior districts, or
central meridians particularly, it enters both winter and summer,  and it then has greatly contrasted
quantities of rain for the extreme months of March and May.   When the observations on the plains
of the Rocky mountains shall have been  carried over all  distinctive portions,  and  continued for a
sufficient time, some useful divisions of the year into other periods may be made in this  respect, and
a more precise knowledge of the peculiarities of the several months may be attained.  On the Pacific
coast  also, the division in rainy and dry seasons is generally the most accurate, and the commencement
of the rains and the date of their  close are  necessary facts.  The Rocky mountain districts have
equally distributed rains, generally, and these, with all east of the 97th meridian,  may be said  to
possess a very nearly uniform distribution of rain over the three months of spring.
    The feature of uniformity just alluded  to is one of the most important in this connexion, and as
it affects the division of seasons, and serves to define  the  districts where those three months are not
an appropriate expression of the desired  result,  it may be well  to examine it here.   For stations
where the succession of numbers is nearly the same for the months from January forward, there is of
course no change of an abrupt character to be  anticipated in the  succession of days.   The period
required to  eliminate irregularities and  extremes  is so great that a combination of the results at
stations of similar  position may furnish a clearer mode of exhibiting  the general facts  than any list
or number singly.   In the following table the several natural groups are so arranged:

                                      Northeastern District.
Stations.	March.	April.	May.
	1.84 3.16 2.92 2.16	2.83 2.80 4.14 3.44	2.95
			2.92
			5.05
			3.43
			
	2.52	3.30	3.59
			
 
      REPORT.

Atlantic Coast, Central.
739
South Atlantic and Gulf Coast.
Stations.
Oglethorpe Barracks ..
Fort Pierce...........
Key West...........
Fort Myers...........
Fort Brooke..........
Fort Barrancas........
Mount Vernon Arsenal
New Orleans.........
Baton Rouge.........

    Mean............
March.
7.11
3.01
4.21
4.60
3.37
5.87
4.59
3.90
4.68
4.59
April.
2.91
3.85
1.55
3.14
1.95
2.94
4.21
3.29
5.22
3.23
Stations.	March.	April.	May.
	3.30 1.53 4.38 4.67 3.65 3.44 3.62 4.63 3.86 3.33 4.06	3.70 3.72 5.00 5.63 3.42 3.33 3.82 3.44 3.56 2.80 1.75	3.75 3 35
			
			4 51
Fort Trumbull.................................			3.60
			4.62
			4.78
West Point...................................			5.13
Fort Mifflin....................................			4.90
Fort McHenry.................................			3.71
			3.64
Fort Moultrie......................,...........			4.08
			
	3.68	3.38	4 19
			
	3.60 3.60 3.50	3.50 3.50 3.30	3.70 3.80 3.40
May.
3.43
4.27
2.58
3.33
3.24
4.05
4.62
4.10
5.18
3.87
     The results just given embrace the whole coast of the United States on the east and define three
districts •  one north of Boston, in which the amount increases from March to May; another central, at
New York and Philadelphia, in which the quantities are very nearly equal;  and that at the  south
which is quite irregular, but with the greatest  quantity in March on the Avhole.  The last has also
an anomalous deficiency in April at most of the stations,  but it  appears only  in very small measure
west  of Florida,  and it may be  caused by irregularities belonging to short periods.  Taking the
Atlantic coast as a whole, the same amount of rain  may be anticipated for every day of these three
montjls__sucr1 "being, very accurately, the relation of results from Boston to Charleston, and the extreme
districts differing slightly in opposite directions.
     In the southwestern interior there is a rapid increase in amount from  March to May, and this is
also the case at all points west of the Mississippi and north of Cincinnati.  At  Cincinnati, Louisville,
and Huntsville, Alabama, records for periods often years and more give nearly like amounts for each
month, but the districts north and west, which  are very fully represented by the military posts, show 
740
REPORT.
increasing differences betAveen March and May in going Avestward.  The measures at the four stations
following will show this fact:
Stations.
Fort Snelling.....
Fort Leavenworth
Fort Kearney
Fort Laramie.....
March.
1.30
1.61
1.55
1.37
April.
2.14
2.74
2.68
1.93
May.
3.17
3.62
6.57
5.39
    For all but  the  stations  here given  the  distribution is essentially the  same  as  on the
Atlantic coast,  the quantity being  controlled by the profusion of the  storms or  rains,  rather
than  by the  absence  of rains.  There is no  period free from  rains,  and  no  interruption  cf
the constant  atmospheric precipitation of  moisture.   On  the  plains,  however, the deficiency  of
rain,  in the  first half of  the spring, is so great  that  it  has some  general analogy to the
division  in wet and  dry seasons;  yet no distinct  points of such   a  division  appear in the
records,  and  the  great increase in the  last month  is more  in  profusion than  in  frequency.
The whole of  the eastern United States may, therefore,  be designated as  an area of constant precipi-
tation, and where this  is not  equal throughout  in quantity, it differs in proportions only.
    The increasing profusion in the districts Avest of the Mississippi is important in many respects, and
it gives an appearance of periodicity to the  floods of the great rivers of the plains.  It is, however,
very much  subject to non-periodic interruption and variation in quantity,  and though periodic in a
certain general sense, it is not similar to the distribution in tropical districts and on sea coasts, which
is usually so designated.  The rivers tributary to the Mississippi from the west have generally a flood
in May; and the first  decidedly summer-like temperatures of this month are accompanied by profuse
and deluging thunder-showers.  Sometimes these are deferred till June, as at Fort Riley, in 1854,
and at the posts of the plains generally, in  1850.   In 1853 the profusion in May and April  is quite
conspicuous.  The floods from  melting snows do not very largely influence  the  rivers of the  great
plains, in the  lower portions  of their course at least, though they affect their sources more or less, and
those originating in the loftier mountains very largely.  The evaporation  and diffusion  of  Avater  in
these long and shoal rivers is very great; and even the Missouri is said to gain little or none in volume
for many hundred miles of its course below the mouth of the Yellow Stone.  The Platte, Arkansas, and
Canadian, are all of the class  of shoal rivers; with their channels often bare, in long reaches, for months
together, at any season.   The floods of these rivers do not occur in any marked degree  until the pro-
fuse rains of spring and early summer set in; and the snows of the mountains, at their  sources, disap-
pear  too early to  add  largely to their  volume at this time  in the lower portions, though  Fremont
found the South Platte, at the 104th meridian and 4,000 feet above the sea, much swollen by melting
snows at the first of July.*   The records at the posts situated on and near  these rivers of the plains,
contain few notices of  their  condition in regard to  volume,  yet there are  some  that  may  be
cited  for these  months  and for June.  At Fort Leavenworth, on the  Missouri, the  river is noted
as  "hio-h"  on the first of June, 1851, and as  "very  high" during each of the spring months of
1853.  No other note, for these months, is made there during the last six  years.  At  Fort Kearny,
on the Platte, no  direct  notes  appear for this  period—it is apparently always low in April, and full
in Mav and June.  It  is the  same at Fort  Laramie, though the  Laramie river is noted  as high tAvo
* Exploring Expedition, 1843-4. 
REPORT.
741
or three times in May and June.   At Fort Riley there was a great flood of the Kansas river from the
1st to 15th of June, 1855.   At Fort Atkinson the Arkansas  river is noted as very low in April and
May, 1851; on May 26th,  "Arkansas river nearly dry, a narrow channel only a few  inches deep;"
on May 30th "the river below is perfectly dry for many miles."  In  the  first days of June, 1851,
there are several notices of a rise of a few inches, "depending,  no  doubt, on the  melting  snows of
the mountains."   At the close of this month it was again very low and dry.
     These imperfect notices  are  perhaps sufficient confirmation of the view that the melting snows
rarely form floods in these rivers, or preserve  their volume uniform,  and that the rains of spring and
early summer are quite irregular, and at times quite profuse, sending considerable floods to the Mis-
sissippi from the drainage of these plains.
     The  plains rise so gradually to the great altitudes of  the Rocky mountain plateaux, that the
contrasts  in the quantities of Avater falling  are not so great  on  the  east of these lofty mountains as
elsewhere, near  these latitudes.   The precipitation changes  only by becoming more constant and
regular, for the high central plateaux, at least, and it is not so much interrupted in spring and summer
by long periods without rain.  But this high belt of constant rains is very narrow, scarcely reaching
to Santa Fe on the south, and breaking off at the Colorado and Salt Lake vallies on the west.  North-
ward it stretches along the mountains, but it evidently does not embrace the vallies or plains of either
branch of the Columbia.   There are but two  or three posts on this  plateau, Fort  Massachusetts,
Cantonment Loring, and perhaps one or two other temporary posts of northern New Mexico; and the
experience of surveys and expeditions must be relied on to indicate what the rain distribution of these
districts is.  All these accounts concur  in remarking a regular succession of rains and snows through
the months of spring, as in the eastern United States.
     This mountain district of equally distributed rains has some detached extensions toward the
Pacific  coast, one  or two  of which may be cultivable and valuable.  From the north the Cascade
range,  and  its  slopes  in Washington  Territory,  are of this  character,  and perhaps the immediate
coast hills and the island of Vancouver.  On this northern coast of Oregon generally, the rains are
periodical in degree,  rather  than in  absolute  cessation in summer, and it thus has an intermediate
rank,  and  may  be said  to be both periodical and constant in a certain sense.  The mountainous
portions  of  southern  Oregon have rains in summer, or equally distributed rains, also, but all the
plains,  valleys, and coasts,  are here strictly periodical.  The Sierra Nevada of California has little
summer  rain, and  its elevated districts seem rather to prolong the rainy season of the coasts than to
break its general character,  and to render  the distribution  uniform.  A portion of the interior, or
Rocky mountain system,  not before referred to, furnishes other districts of this constant character—
one of limited extent south of  the Great Salt Lake, and another in the Zufii district of the  Sierra
 Madre  and on the extension  of these mountains toward the Gila and Colorado rivers.  Here the
districts  of  constant precipitation border on those Avhich reverse the  general features of the area of
the  United States, in  having the dry season and little rain in winter and spring,  and the true rainy
season  in summer, as in  many tropical climates.  The Gila river separates the districts so distin-
guished ; and south of this river and its wide half-desert basin,  and west of the Colorado of Califor-
nia, the precipitation is wholly in periodical rains.
     The general features  of the periodical  rains of the Pacific districts are that they belong to the
winter  half of the year, and that they occupy a period of variable length, regularly increasing with
the  latitude, and  generally equally extended before and after a middle point in January.  For the
most of this region there is also a partial, and  in some instances a complete, suspension of the rains 
742
R i: P O R T .
in January and February;  constituting, in some degree,  a double rainy season for the districts oI
California which  have the least rain.  This feature is not rendered sufficiently clear by our present
knowledge of these  climates.  At the coasts of Oregon the rains set in earlier and continue longer,
but they exhibit the same general phenomena as in California, and are attended by Avinds having the
same direction in all cases and at all periods.  As they embrace at least one month of spring at all
points, these general features must necessarily be alluded to in this connexion, and so far as they arc
concerned no reference will then be necessary in a subsequent case.
     The rainy season of California  and  the  Pacific coast  is usually marked by profuse as well as
continuous rains, especially for the northern districts and Oregon.   On the coasts and lower valleys
of the south  there  is no marked profusion, but the mountains here have very profuse rains, and the
whole course of the Sierra Nevada is so distinguished.  At Fort Yuma the rains occur in November
and December mainly, Avith some instances in February and March, and again in July, August,  and
September.  This last  period appears to be associated with the summer rain of Mexico, and to be a
casual extension of these rains beyond their proper field on the mountains of Sonora.  At  San  Diego
the  rains commence in November, and are most profuse in December;  they are partially interrupted
in January, and are then continued till May, and occur early in June.  December, February, and a
part of March, only, give the average quantities falling in like months in the eastern United States.
Such is  the  case on the whole coast south of San Francisco, and in the San Joaquin valley the only
difference  is that the months of December and March sometimes  have very heavy rains,  measuring
fifteen inches  or more for a month.   The same features belong to the Sacramento valley. No rain
falls in the three months of summer in any part of California, except in rare instances in the extreme
north, and at Fort Yuma, as before noticed.
     At Fort Orford, and for the whole of the Pacific districts of Oregon, the relation of quantities is
similar  to that  in  California, except that there is  no  partial suspension in January, and that the
fall does not cease entirely in the summer months.   The winter rains are here very profuse, as well
as  quite continuous for many days,  and they are often continuous for nearly every day of a month.
East of the  Cascade range of mountains the  quantities are much the same as in the great valleys of
California, all the  measures being  small  and the summer proper quite destitute of rain. There is
but one military post which represents this  interior district,  Fort Dalles,  and  at this there are
moderate rains in each month of  spring, and they do not absolutely cease in summer.   On the great
plains of the Columbia and its branches the summer rains are wholly shut off.
     The rains of the great basin of  the interior are least known, as positive  measurements have but
just commenced there.  At Great Salt Lake the spring months have frequent rains, and it may be
that much of the northern  portion of the  basin may be similar, and that  it may be more  nearly
identified with the districts of constant precipitation, or of equally distributed rains, than with those of
periodical rains  for this  season.  In summer they probably cease entirely, and in the southern part
of the basin they must always be very small in quantity.
     The share of the precipitation of spring which falls  in snow is a point of general interest, which,
however, it  would be somewhat difficult to define with  the desirable  precision.  North  of the
isothermal of 32° for March, most of the water falling in that month is in the form of snow, though
rains occur in about the same number and quantity as in the months of winter.   Nearly  half of the
precipitation  for April is also in snow in this district, or north  of the 43d parallel, and there are
instances of  snow,  sometimes in  considerable quantity,  in  May.   Snow may occur in March over
 nearly  the whole  of the United States east of the Rocky mountains, except  Florida,  though the 
REPORT.
743
quantity is not large in any case south of the 40th parallel.   In April, there are instances in almost
every year of much water falling in snow in the elevated districts of the Atlantic States, as far south
as the latitude  of Washington.  The  snows of this  month afford as  large a  quantity of AA^ater,
usually, as those of the previous month, and they occur in the great general storms peculiar  to the
eastern United  States  in the spring months.   In May these storms  occur at the great lakes, and
eastward  north  of the 42d parallel, but  not  elsewhere, and even  there they do  not  often afford a
heavy fall of snow.
     On the plains the spring snows are much less abundant than in the Atlantic States, the number of
storms not only not being so great, but the volume of  water falling in snow being much less in any
case than in similar storms east of the Mississippi.   The earlier  months of spring are  conspicuously
dry in these Avestern districts, as may be  seen by the various forms in AAmich the storms and their
quantity are noted in the registers,  and though the last month, May, is often marked by heavy rains,
the season generally is more free from heavy storms, of either rain or snoAv here, than in other parts
of the eastern United States.
     On the Rocky mountains, and  on the greatly elevated plateaux belonging to its general districts,
there is a large precipitation in snow during each of the spring months, and at the greater altitudes
these storms are continued quite through the summer.   There are many summits on which  there is
perpetual snow in the  neighborhood of the Parks, and in the mountain systems south of the  South
Pass, and on  all these the summer storms, which  break as showers of short duration  on the  plains
and valleys, fall as equally profuse  snows.  The  abrupt and detached mountains of the great basin
receive a large  fall  of snow in  these months also, and the  changes of temperature are so sudden
at these altitudes that the storm may take the form of snow on mountains but little  elevated, and
where, as is usual in May in the  Great Basin, the temperature of the valleys is approaching summer
heat.*  Very little is known of the central and southern portions of the Great Basin in this respect,
but the whole of its great area, north of the thirty-seventh parallel, is undoubtedly quite uniform in
its configuration, and in this feature of the spring climate.
     The mountains of Oregon and California are similar in the quantity of snow they receive, or in
its continuance as the leading form  of precipitation in  these months.  In California and the south of
Oregon there is  some appearance of a duplication of the rainy season in the greater profusion of rains
and snows in March than in January, and on all the mountains Avhich so far arrest the sea winds as
to render the plains east of them arid, the fall of both rain  and snow is very great in this season.
     The number of days on which snoAv is  noted, at the various posts, for these months, maybe
readily taken from the Register, and from their examination it  appears that the average number on
which snow falls in March is eight to ten in the most northern districts of the Atlantic  States and in
the lake district, with  half this number for  April, and perhaps  tAvo for May, at the same  posts.
At the latitude of Baltimore and St. Louis the average  is tAvo to  three days for March, one for April,
and none in May.  At Forts Towson and  Moultrie, latitude  33° to 34°, the instances in March
average but one in two years, with none in other months.   In northern New Mexico, and in Oregon,
there are, in  some years, several days of snow  in March,  as  in 1852  in Oregon,  particularly ; but
the number is generally small, and it is only at the most elevated posts that they occur in April and
M  -   No reliable average could be given for these districts as the period of years is insufficient, and
th  diversitv of positions is too great to permit the combination of the results at separate posts.
                         * Fremont's  and Stansbury's Reports ; Beckwith's  Survey, 1854.
             103 
744
REPORT.
DISTRIBUTION  OF  RAIX  FOR THE SUMMER.
     The quantity of rain falling in summer in the United  States east of the Rocky mountains is
perhaps  the most  decisive distinction of its general climate from  that  of  other  similar areas in
temperate latitudes, though we can only compare  it fully with  the western and  interior districts of
Europe, and some  points in Asia.  To derive  our analogies from Europe alone, we must designate
this  as a half tropical distribution, and its frequent instances of great profusion, Avith accompanying
high temperatures, often approach the tropical forms of precipitation  very  closely, if they do not
quite institute  them  for  short periods.   It has been usual in Europe to designate the summer rains
in their per centage on  the  quantity for the  year, and as the interior of Russia is  attained, this
proportion amounts to nearly fifty per cent.   It  is generally less, by regular gradation, on lines
southwestward from  this interior, and on reaching the  African districts the summer rains wholly
cease.   The  same designation here would be less  expressive  of this actual distribution, as it would
not  represent the  actual  quantities with their relations  for the  single period so  clearly.  The
departures here are from tropical, or almost tropical, districts, with twenty-five to thirty inches of
rain for  this season,  instead of being from districts like those of northern Africa with none.  The
quantities of the interior would have nearly the  same ratios to those for the year, however, as  at Fort
Snelling the rain of  summer is  43 per cent, of the yearly quantity, and at several  posts  of this
vicinity the proportions are nearly the same.
     For the whole period of warm months, in  Avhich May and  September should  be included, the
quantity of rain  distributed over the  Mississippi valley is comparatively very great, and there is no
great area so far in  the  interior which presents a similar result.  The quantities  are absolutely as
well as relatively large, and they considerably exceed those of the plains of the Atlantic coast in the
same latitudes.   The line of fifteen inches for  the three months goes only to 38° of latitude on the
Atlantic coast, yet it rises nearly to  44° in the Mississippi valley, and  occupies  a very wide area
below the fortieth parallel.   The measure of twelve inches is equally more extensive in the interior,
though neither of these stretches upon the plains beyond  100° west longitude.
     A contrast still more striking in comparison with the precipitation in Europe, is shown in the
rapid diminution of these quantities at the more elevated posts generally, particularly in the Allegha-
nies and in Texas ; though less so north of New York, where, for some part of the elevated interior,
the  quantity of summer rains is  greater than in the plains.   But the mountainous  districts betAveen
the Mississippi valley at St, Louis and Cincinnati, and the Atlantic coast at  Fort Monroe and Balti-
more, show the most  marked deficiency, which is clearly indicated at Pittsburg and Carlisle.  Each
of these posts gives but about nine and a half inches for the summer, and still loAver proportions exist
southward, as is  shown  by partial records in the  interior of Virginia,  which give but  about eight
inches for the summer.*
* Reports of the Board of Commissioners of Public Works, &c. 
REPORT.
745
    The lake district also presents a somewhat anomalous result, in comparison with other interior
portions at least, as it has less than the valley of the Mississippi in the same latitudes, though nearly
the same as the Atlantic coast.  The effect of these bodies of water is clearly to diminish the quantity
of rain for the whole period of  the warm season, though not so strikingly for the three months  of
summer as for other months.  This deficiency appears very clearly in the mean for the spring, and it
is conclusive proof that the local evaporation adds little or none to the  quantity of rain of these
interior districts.  The valley of  the Mississippi and its extension in the Ohio valley strikingly
contrast with the rain fall in the lake districts, though this difference  is  probably  due to greater
profusion rather than to frequency of rains.   The number of days  on which rain falls is indeed con-
siderably greater at the northern posts of the lake district.
    The irregular character of the rains on the plains in summer has been alluded to in connection
with the distribution for the spring.  They are less in number and more  irregular without having
any periodical  discontinuance, and the whole immense  range,  from the thirty-first parallel to the
northern boundary is nearly uniform in  this respect.  On the  Llano Estacado  of Texas there is the
least rain probably,  and next is a belt along the Canadian river which has more than other districts, as
is apparent from the accounts of those who have traversed it, and from the configuration and cultivable
character which the districts at  each extremity are known to have.  The Wichita mountains extend
further west than other elevated and well watered points on the plains, of which there are some near
Fort Gibson ; and the spurs of the mountains of New Mexico reach eastward at Las Vegas and other
points in a district with frequent rains in summer.  The whole eastern slope of the Rocky mountains
is still generally arid, and the loose soil and rapid evaporation dissipate the rains and  diminish the
effect of the fall of any certain volume, much below that of a similar rain fall on the retentive surface
and soil eastward.   On the upper plains of Texas and over all the plains west of 100° of longitude,
irrigation is generally necessary to support cultivation which requires the summer for its growth, and
in the valleys nearest the mountains at the west it becomes more decidedly so than elsewhere.
    At the western border of these plains the illustration of the rain distribution becomes much less
accurate in its expression of the  actual condition than before, and it can only be taken as an approxi-
mation toward this condition.  The whole area  is so much broken up  by mountains,  that  great
profusion may alternate with entire absence of rain, for the summer at least, on valleys and mountains
in the most immediate proximity.    Generally, the valleys of New  Mexico have little or no rain in
summer and the mountains a large quantity, and this is gathered, as in the mountainous regions of
Europe 'by local formation of clouds with profuse and perhaps violent  rains when no general clouds
are formed and no rain falls elsewhere.  Such is, to some extent, the case for the whole  of the Rocky
mountains and for the higher mountains of the Great Basin, and of California and Oregon.  But
there is some value  in an illustration which expresses  a  rude average  of such  results,  and the fact
that rains are profuse on the high mountains of a district is important to the necessities of occupation
and of transit if not to cultivation.   The construction of tanks and  reservoirs which  may receive
accumulations' from such sources may be resorted to, and irrigation  from temporary mountain streams
            i ,,-Uo ramose in the existing cultivation of some localities of New Mexico and Sonora.
answers  a  valuable purpu^             a
     The district south of the Gila, including the  northern part of Sonora,  and the recently acquired
    •tor  of northern Mexico, exemplifies this feature in a very striking manner.  This region partici-
tern or^^ ^mmer raing of Mexico to its extreme limit near the Gila, and sometimes to Fort Yuma.-
The mountains in view of this post exhibit frequent profuse and local rains, and these furnish supplies 
746
REPORT.
in otherwise arid districts, of the most abundant character for filling the natural tanks—(tinaja, altos
tinajas, high tanks,*) Arhich exist there in singular adaptation to the Avants of the country.  These
already supply many uses in the Avants of surveys and expeditions, and  in the actual occupations of a
permanent population.   The clear atmosphere preserves the Avaters so accumulated from the changes
they Avould  undergo in other climates, and they remain fresh until actually exhausted or evaporated.t
     The district knoAvn to receive the greatest  amount  of this local precipitation in New Mexico has
been designated as receiving an average  of fifteen inches for  the summer ; and ten, eight, and six
inches are assigned to surrounding districts of a similar character.   At some of the posts very little
rain falls, and they are usually located in valleys much below the  general level.   Nearly all, how-
ever, are  in districts  having a medium fall of rain, and not in  the driest localities.  Fort Massachu-
setts, Santa Fe, and  others, are much above the general level of the  Rio Grande valley;  Albuquerque
is in a valley wider than usual; and only Socorro, Fort Conrad, and El Paso represent the quantity
in the more immediate Rio Grande valley with  sufficient accuracy.   The quantities of the chart are,
therefore, a mean intended to represent the general level as nearly as possible,  and they are neither
so much as falls on the higher mountains nor  so little as the average of the table lands.
     The  table lands from the Rio Grande to the Colorado along the Gila river have very little rain
in summer, and they form the boundary betAveen the regular  summer  rains of  northern Mexico  and
the  characteristic  summer rains of the temperate latitudes.   Some portion of  the mountains at the
north of  this river exhibit a frequency of rains  nearly  approaching .those of Mexico; and at Fort
Yuma the occurrence of rains in July and August, after two or three months of absolute suspension,
shows that "the summer rains have a partial development at some seasons there.  There is a very little,
also, at San Diego, and on the southern point of the Sierra Nevada and its  prolongations  near this
point;  but in the greater part of California there  is no rain in the three months of summer.   There
is, apparently,  none also in the greater area of the  Interior Basin.   The wide  desert-reaches
between  the Sierra Nevada  and  the  Colorado  river,  with the  upper portion near Humboldt
river, and its extension southward east of the Sierra Nevada are known to be nearly if not quite
destitute of rain at this  season.  Very little  is known of much of this great  region,  however, and
there may  be mountain ranges, like those of the  Wahsatch and Humboldt  river, which have local
rains  similar to those of NeAv Mexico.
     On the Sierra Nevada generally there is very little rain in summer ; though for this conclusion the
 general impression derived from official reports, including those of surveys, is the reliance, rather than
 the positive record of observations of this particular point.  In  some instances personal observation
 assures us  that the atmosphere is remarkably free from clouds and  all forms of precipitation  at this
 season.  It appears probable that none of  the mountains of  California and the  coast precipitate
 any considerable quantity of rain in summer;  and the  whole class evidently differs very greatly from
 the mountains  of  New Mexico in this respect.  For other portions of  the year these proportions are
 either partially or wholly reversed, as they certainly are in the winter  rainy season of  California.
     There are anamalous features in the  distribution of the summer rains on this part of the continent

     * The term is applied by substitution, its literal signification is a wide-mouthed jar for  catching rain.
     t The writer is indebted to A. B. Gray, Esq., who has surveyed much of this district; to Dr. R. O. Abbott, U. S. A., for some time
.stationed at Fort Yuma ;  Lieut. Parke, Top. Eng'rs, Major Steen, and others, for facts of personal observation in this interesting
 district, on the points referred to in this connection. 
REPORT.
747
which cannot yet be properly presented.   Its  high mountains are generally more dry than those of
Europe, and it is only at the highest mountains of New Mexico, at eight to twelve thousand feet
above the sea,  that we find rains similar to those of the Pyrenees and the northern Alps.   The Italian
Alps are more abundant in rain than any of this American region, and there is strong evidence that
this difference  belongs to the general distribution, and not to differences of configuration.   The  lati-
tudes corresponding to the position of the mountains of California and the  Great Basin are found in
Africa and not in Europe, and generally this  belt, which is a belt of calms  at sea,  is one of desert
areas for the continents  of the northern  hemisphere.  Considered in this light, the profusion on the
mountains of New Mexico becomes exceptional, though we  should find  the analogies  of Europe  in
.Oregon and British America.   It  is quite clear that  the  profuse precipitation characteristic of the
Mississippi valley and Gulf coast in summer,  does not belong to the western half of the continent,
irrespective of any causes in the altitude or  latitude which might diminish it, and that this excess  at
the east has some local origin.
     We know little of the quantity of rain falling in British America and other parts of the north,
the measurement at Sitka, Russian America, being almost  the  only one beyond the Canadas.   At
this point the  quantity of rain in  the summer and autumn is very great, and from the evidences of
the records of northern Oregon we may suppose the whole  of this coast to receive a large precipitation
in summer.*   How far this  extends toward the interior  is an important  point bearing upon the dis-
tribution over  the great  northern plains  of the United States, and for which we have no records north
of Forts Laramie and Kearny.  Whether the northern  ranges of the Rocky mountains interrupt the
rains almost  entirely, as they appear to do in the middle latitudes, is not yet ascertainable,  and we
know only that at the Red river of the North the summer rains are abundant.   The measure of ten
inches appearing at the  extreme posts in that direction may undoubtedly be extended to Lake Win-
nipeg, and perhaps  to the Saskatchewan valley.   On the upper Missouri,  however, there is known  to
be a great deficiency of rain in the summer months at times, and a large part of the great area par-
tially enclosed by its long curve is set down  as an arid and uncultivable district by explorers.  Its
amount of drainage is too small to permit the  supposition that it is otherwise, as all the tributaries of
the Missouri from the  west and south below the Powder Horn river,—or the last of the series near the
Yellowstone,  and of  which that  river  is the principal,—are small and comparatively unimportant
streams, belonging  to the class of shoal rivers of the plains, and falling off to a very small  volume
in summer.f
     The extreme quantities of rain measured  for this season in the various districts have a  great
range and the greatest quantities found in  the tables are approximately  placed on the chart.   These
are still more remarkable as departures from the averages than the like measures on the spring chart,
and it is a characteristic of the climate  that excessive falls of rain, with phenomena resembling the
water spouts at sea, may occur at  any point of the interior,  and that deluges  of rain do  frequently
fall  over large districts  as well as  at small localities at this season.  Near  New York twenty inches
   * " The climate of Sitka is warmer than that of Europe on the same parallel.  The cold of winter is neither severe nor of long con-
       ,  . tne atmosphere is charged with vapors whose condensation occasions almost constant rains.  In the month of July the
   is seldom visible more than three or four days, and then only for an instant.  The humidity gives astonishing vigor to the vegeta-
tion," Sac—Richardson's Climatology of British America.
   t Lewis and Clark notice particularly the color and high temperature of the waters of these rivers, their quantity of clay sediment,
  d ther evidences that they rise in clay plains, and not in mountains.  Later explorers speak of the same characteristics, and notice
that they are unexpectedly small. 
748                                      REPORT.
(August. 1843) have been measured in a single month of summer, and the maximum of twenty inches
assigned to that vicinity on the chart is intended to express a general average rather than the maxi-
mum observed at any one point.  A comparison of the records at several posts for any month marked
by  an  excessive quantity will, however,  usually show that  the effect is  not confined  to  a small
locality.   In June, 1853, Forts Pierce, Key West, and  Myers, Florida, have a great  quantity of
rain—nearly 30 inches for the first, 18 for the second, and 25.5 for  the last.  At Fort Brooke  the
great measure of 54.6 inches appears in the summer of 1840, but there is no record to compare with
south of Fort Monroe, which has 30 inches.  At Fort Pike the maximum is 53.8 inches; but, as this
does not appear elsewhere, the highest quantity at Baton Rouge is taken as  the representative of  the
district generally.   All the posts of the  Mississippi valley show a  very high maximum, and  this.
extreme quantity appears to be directly associated with the tropical temperatures so frequently found
there for long periods in summer.
     At the lower point of the coast of Texas the rainy summer of the east coast of Mexico  approaches
both the arid summer of  New Mexico and  upper Texas, and the equally distributed rains of the east-
ern United States,  which extend over a large share  of Texas.   At the  lower Rio Grande  the records
of 1850 to 1852 would show a greater identity with New Mexico than with either of the other dis-
tricts ;  but in the records subsequent to  that time, and particularly for so much of 1855 as has been
observed,  the leading characteristics are those belonging to the  coast at Tampico,  or to  New  Orleans
in a wet year.  This result places the locality in its most natural association, and shows that it may
have a considerable range of climate,  at times identified with that of each of the three on which  the
district borders. 
REPORT.
749
DISTRIBUTION OF PRECIPITATION FOR THE AUTUMN.
   For the area where the graphic illustration of rain distribution is most clearly expressive of the actual
condition—that east of the Rocky mountains—there is less contrast in the quantities for the various
districts in this than in any other season, or period of three months.  The measure of ten inches, which
is so general for all the charts on the Atlantic coast, belongs to a much larger proportion of this area
than in other cases,  and there are  but two  or three small  districts having larger measures.   The
three warmer points of the Gulf coast which are half tropical, and which so uniformly have a  large
precipitation for some part of the year, all now go nearly as high as fifteen inches, though the records
of southern Florida and  of the posts near New Orleans are for imperfect  periods.   At the  mouth of
the Rio  Grande the  quantity is  clearly greater than  at any other  season, and  this appears  to be
caused by an extension of the rainy season of summer into September and October, or rather by  its
occurrence at that point  in these months principally, instead of being confined to the summer months
proper, as in some parts of Mexico.   On all the eastern coast of Mexico September is one of the rainy
months,  and at Vera Cruz the quantity falling in it is nearly as great as in any other month.*   This
development of the rainy season is confined to the coast, however, and  it  is  only at Fort Brown and
Corpus Christi that it may be identified as having any features not common to the equally distributed
rains of the Mississippi valley.
     On the coast of Oregon the periodica^ rains occupy a large share of the  three months, beginning
before the close of September and becoming quite continuous through the latter part  of October and
in November.  At two posts of the immediate coast, Fort Orford and Astoria, the quantity is tAA^enty
inches, and at the partially interior post of Steilacoom, fifteen inches.  At Sitka the mean for  tAvo
years is thirty-four inches, and  it is evident that the humidity increases rapidly along the AAmole coast
from California northward.  The periods are not sufficient to give reliable mean quantities,  however,
and it can only be generally stated that the  Pacific coast north of 42° of latitude is characterized  by
profuse precipitation through at least half of the three months of autumn.
     The districts deficient in rain at this  season are nearly the same as at other seasons.   The plains,
 * The following observations of the fall of rain at Vera Cruz are given in Mayer's History of Mexico ; the quantities for the months
are for one year only, 1830, the mean for the year for 9 years.
                                     Inches.
January.....................................    5,1
February....................................    "^
March.......................................    °-°
                                       0.5
April.
May
                                                                                      Inches.
                                                 October......................................   8.0
                                                 November....................................   4.5
                                                 December....................................   0.4
                                                 Spring.......................................   31.9
                                                 Summer.....................................  116.8
June........................................   2L2    |    Autumn.....................................   51.4
July.........................................   597        Winter......................................   5.5
August......................................   35-9        Year.........................................  164.9
September...................................   38,9 
 ' 'Jyj                                      REPORT.
 with New Mexico, the (ireat Basin, and California are all comparatively dry.   In California generally
 there is no rain in September, and for all  parts  south  of San  Francisco  none in October.   In this
 northern half the rains commence in October,  though irregularly, and in the south in like manner in
 November.   In California these rains are  rarely continuous for these months, however, or reliable in
 successive years.   They sometimes commence  in the form of the more perfectly developed periodical
 rams of the northern coast, or of this district for December and March, yet they may be as extremely
 irregular as in any other part of the United States.  If the distinction of this season were there the
 same as it substantially is for the eastern United States, or that of declining  temperature  and  the
 cessation of vegetable growths, there would be an almost entire absence of rain  belonging to it over
 the great interior and California districts.  The heat of summer is, in fact, the close of vegetation for
 most  of this region  because of its  aridity, and  the autumn has little in common with that of the
 Atlantic States.
    In the Great Basin, or in its best known portion near Salt Lake,  and in New Mexico, the rains
 of these three months are  quite equally  distributed, and the actual quantities  do not differ greatly
 from  those at other seasons.  The snows are early, also, occurring quite as soon as in the lake district
 of the east, though  their  quantity is unimportant except in  the highest mountain ranges.  This
 district has some forms of precipitation, either as cloud formation alone, or as slight storms of rain or
 snow on the mountains, during most of the period of these months ; and though practically  dry, as
 every season except summer is, it is so only by general deficiency of atmospheric  moisture, and not in
 consequence of any periodical distribution.   This portion of the interior is, technically, a district of
 constant precipitation.
    On the plains the distribution of rain is somewhat the same as in the first two months of spring in
 respect to the frequency of long periods  of fine  Aveather, and in the generally small  quantity falling.
 The autumnal periods of absence of rain are longer, however, and more  general, reaching eastward
 over most of the Atlantic States, and sometimes characterizing nearly  the whole  area.   The  softened
 temperature and peculiar character of these dry autumnal" periods form  one  of the most  striking
 features of contrast with the same season in Europe, and these  peculiarities almost  always continue
 until broken up by a general rain.   The steady atmospheric movement from the Avest Avhich  belongs
 to the middle latitudes of the United States, apparently favors the extension of these periods  both in
 time and space. Dry and serene periods on the plains become  even more dry and serene as the mass
 of atmosphere moves eastward at this season, and the changes  of temperature are not  only less, but
 there  is also less rain to be precipitated  by these changes.
    These dry periods are fewer east of the plains, and the number  of days on which rain or snow
 falls increases  toward the Atlantic coast.  Their characteristic features,  as shown in the calms of
 several  days   continuance  popularly   known  as  the Indian  summer,  are,   however,  still well
 defined, particularly in central New York and Canada ;  but  they are shorter, and  they alternate
 with intervals of slow but constant rains, embracing many successive days.
    In most of the  Atlantic States,  and particularly in the central  districts, or from New York to
 Norfolk, the precipitation of autumn is mainly  in general storms of two or three days'  duration.  The
number of days of rain is less than at the northeast, and the intervals are usually serene.  The actual
depth of water falling is strikingly regular for the successive days throughout, as before remarked, and
the proportion  for each of the months quite  uniform.  There  is some  appearance of deficiency in
September for part of the northern districts, as at the military posts of the New England  States ; but
the most extended periods of record from other sources, as at New Bedford.  Massachusetts;  Albany. 
REPORT.
751
Utica and Rochester, NeAv York ;  as well as the very complete periods at Fort Columbus, West Point,
&c, show  no noticeable diminution for this month.  There is  also no excess apparent in it for any
point north of Fort Monroe in the eastern States.
     The autumnal distribution of rain in Florida is more difficult of explanation than that for any
other district, from its very great  irregularity, and from the inadequacy of the periods of time during
which observations have  been made to reduce  the prominence of the differences  arising from this
irregularity, and to establish any definite rule of the relations of the several months.  The distribution
at the  posts of the south,  in the Carolinas and Georgia,  is  also extremely irregular,  and it
appears that the non-periodic variations  are  greater  here,  in regard to the  quantity of rain in
these months,  than  almost anywhere  else.   The  regular distribution  of  quantities  at  Fort
Monroe becomes much broken up at Fort Moultrie, where  each  of the  autumn months frequently
falls off to  an almost entire absence of rain.   The mean  of September  is  here  also much the
greatest, and that for November  least.  At Savannah, Oglethorpe barracks gives the same result,
and  a series of fourteen years' observation at Savannah,  by Dr.  Posey,* is quite the  same in its
distribution.  Nearly all the posts of eastern Florida, and of the peninsula, give a like result;  and
a tendency to periodicity, or to a division of seasons in this respect,  is certainly apparent for these
short periods.  The following numbers illustrate this point:
Stations.
Fort Moultrie.......
Oglethorpe Barracks
Fort Marion........
Fort Shannon......
Fort Pierce.........
Key West..........
Fort Myers.........
Fort Brooke........
Fort Meade.........
Cedar Keys.........
Fort Barrancas........
Mount Vernon Arsenal.
Baton Rouge.........
September.	October.	November.
5.83	2.44	1.79
4.07 5.85 4.33	1.95 2.42 3.78	1.19 1.29 1.60
9.27	5.36	2.21
7.79	6.38	1.18
10.29	0.98	0.69
6.23	2.40	2.00
4.85	1.50	0.56
4.97	3.80	3.17
5.25	2.41	6.05
3.05	3.92	6.18
3.91	2.67	5.90
     From these results it is  evident that a comparatively dry season succeeds  the  profuse rains of
August and September in Florida, and the portion of the Atlantic States bordering it, and also that
this does not extend westward as far as Pensacola.  The periods at this  point, and at  Mobile, (Mount
Vernon Arsenal,) are for ten to fifteen years each ;  and if the features there were really analogous to
those of eastern  Florida, the  fact could not fail to  appear  in  the  comparison of the similar dates
embraced by these records.
     By reference to  the general  tables it will  be seen that there is a marked tendency toward the
development of a winter dry season, even in the States next to Florida, and that  in southern Florida
this is quite decided and almost as fully developed as in the recognized tropical climates.   As before
* Agricultural Patent Office Report, 1853.
104 
752
REPORT.
remarked, hoAvever, there are great irregularities, and often quite contradictory results for single years.
Thus, at r < >rt Moultrie there is one instance of near eight inches of rain in October; at Oglethorpe barracks
and Fort Marion instances of six inches ; at Fort Pierce, ten ;  at Key West one of nine  and one  of
fourteen.  The quantities in November are also often considerable, and all these alternate with months
of none or of very little.  In September these instances of profuse rains are more numerous and more
extreme, in some cases exceeding twenty inches.   The most prominent feature of rain distribution in
Florida, in distinction from other parts of the United States, is this great irregularity, Avhich. prevents
us from getting clear general views from periods of record embracing but two or three, or a few years.
     The records at Pensacola (Fort Barrancas) and at Mobile  are also characterized by great irregu-
larities, and here a winter rainy season is  in  process  of development.   The minimum is in August,
September,  or  October, from  which point the  quantities increase very much in November  in every
case,  remaining large through every winter month.   Comparing Baton  Rouge, as the central point
of this  district of profuse winter rains, with the posts of southern Florida, the contrast is at  once
apparent.   Though this belongs more appropriately to the  winter distribution,  a citation may be
made here to illustrate the characteristics of the autumn, in which season these changes first occur.
Stations.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Jan.
	7.79 4.85 3.05 3.91 3.51	6.38 1.50 3.92 2.67 3.37	1.18 0.56 6.18 5.90 3.91	3.13 1.79 5.25 5.23 3.78	2 86
					1.07
Mt. Vernon Arsenal, Alabama					6.80 5.26
					4.61
					
                        * Dr. Barton's Tables and Report from the Sanitary Commission of New Orleans.
     The first approach to this dry season in Florida is  made in October, and from the minimum,
which appears to occur in November, there  is a partial  resumption of the rains apparent in mid-
Avinter, to be followed by other months of less  rain.   But as a whole, the winter, from October
forward, is a dry season on the peninsula of Florida, and to some extent on the south Atlantic coast.
At the west, along the Gulf coast, however, a reverse condition obtains, and a rainy season  of the
most marked features belongs to the vicinity  of the lower Mississippi, apparently reaching up in the
interior to Memphis.*
     The irregularities in this succession of the months are not  sufficient to change the character of
this  district as one of constant  precipitation, however, nor is it rigidly any the less identified with
that of equally distributed rains in the general sense in which the term is used.   But in Florida a
different designation applies, though we are yet unable to say precisely what that designation  should
be.  It appears  to be a climate ordinarily of a division into two principal seasons in  regard to the
rains, the wet summer and the dry winter, yet either may be interrupted by extremes of an opposite
character much greater than those occurring  in any other known district.
     The proportion of  the autumnal  precipitation which  falls in snow is quite large for some part of
the northern and eastern  United States, and for the mountainous regions  of the interior and  Pacific
coast.  Siioavs occur in rare instances  north of 42° of latitude in September ; in October they are
   * At Vicksburg, for fifteen years, October is the month of least rain and January of the greatest.—(Pub. Tables of A. L. Hatch.)
At Huntsville, Alabama, Rev. Dr. Allan's Observations give the same result; as also others at Natchez and Jackson, Mississippi, and
those of Professor Hamilton at Nashville, Tennessee.—Agricultural Patent Office Report, 1853 
REPO RT.
753
frequent to this point, and they may reach  to  the 38th parallel.   In November they rarely go much
farther south, but they remain upon the ground in the more northern districts, and sometimes as far
south as the first  named latitude, through much of the winter.  The  elevated districts  near the
lakes and toward  the Atlantic,  as in the highlands  of  New York and NeAv England, are most
abundant in snow ;  and the quantity of precipitation is maintained in  this form through the  winter
months here, while it appears to fall off, from deficiency of atmospheric moisture, west of the lakes
and on the great plains.   At Fort Snelling November has  only about one-third as much as Septem-
ber,  while at Fort  Brady there is much less difference, and at  Madison Barracks (Sackett's Harbor)
and Utica, New York, there is no difference in the quantities.
     There are too few observations to warrant any examination of the quantity of snow in the great
mountainous districts of the interior and Pacific slope, and the  illustrations of the chart  for those
districts are  approximations only, derived from such observations as exist, and from the best  analo-
gies  afforded by the configuration. 
754
REPORT.
DISTRIBUTION  OF  PRECIPITATION IN RAIN  AND  SNOW FOR  THE  WINTER.
     The general influence of temperature on the quantity of water falling in rain and snow becomes
 most fully developed in the winter  precipitation of the interior, where  it is  evident that below a
 certain point of temperature very little moisture remains in the atmosphere, and the quantity falling in
 rain and snow is very small.   The measurements for this interior are too few to give the absolute mean
 quantities here Avith precision, but they cannot vary much from those entered on the chart.   At Fort
 Snelling the period is  sufficient to  give a very reliable result, however,  and those at Forts Leaven-
 worth, Kearny, and Laramie cannot be  far from true  mean quantities.   North of this line,  on  the
 plains, it is only knoAvn that the winter precipitation, in every form, becomes  gradually less, and it
 is thought to be least on the plains of the upper Missouri.
     In illustration of this general feature  of very  little interior precipitation in Avinter, comparison
 Avith the interior districts of Siberia may be made, and on these last the rate of diminution on any line
 from western Europe is found  to be  very rapid, and the extreme point of the  interior  to have very
 little, if  not to be quite destitute of winter precipitation.   Such a district of absolute aridity  is said
 to exist there, and in referring to the climatology of the plains  of British and Russian America, Rich-
 ardson cites it,  and remarks a possibly parallel case near  the  Yukon river, at the western  limits of
 British America.  It is here,  as  in Asia, a barren plateau on which no water is  found.*
     The quantity of snow is small on all the northern  prairie slope of the  Rocky  mountains, and  the
 prairies of the  Saskatchewan and upper  Missouri, in a line with Fort Union, (of the  Missouri,) Fort
 Pierre, and Fort Kearny, appear to afford the minimum of winter precipitation in every form.   The
 snows are more abundant at the Red River of the North than Avest of it  on  the plains,  and as the lake
 district is traversed from the west they  steadily increase, Avith the occasional occurrence of profuse
 winter rains, to the Atlantic coast.  Through all this lake district, with that of the  northern
 Atlantic coast,  rains and snows are interspersed through all.the winter months, and  the changes of
 temperature are such as sometimes to render  these rains  as profuse  as  those of any other season.
 Winter rains are more rare on the plains, in the same latitudes, though not wholly wanting, except,
 perhaps, near Lake  Superior,  on the  west and northwest.  Here the  winter is quite uniform and
 rigid, and it is  characterized by great aridity, as well as by steady low temperature.f
     As an associated general  feature of the chart the appearance of the  greater shadings on the ocean

   * " Between the Yukon and Lewis rivers there is a barren plateau which the Indians cross  in four days, but on which they find no
 water ;" and in a note its similarity to that in Siberia is remarked, "for it can scarcely be, in so rigorous a climate, that melting snow,
 if it exists, should not leave pools of water all the summer."—Richardson's Arctic Expedition.
   f Richardson makes frequent reference to the "dead winter months " at the Hudson's Bay Company's posts  of British America,
 beyond the  lake district.  At Penetanguishene, Lake Huron, he says: " In December much snow falls.  A great fall of snow takes
 place in FebrtHi?y, and there is usually a temporary thaw about the end of the month, accompanied by heavy rain and occasionally by
thunder." Of the winter in Minnesota a recent writer says, (Bond's Minnesota and its Resources:) "The most remarkable charac-
teristic of the winter climate of Minnesota  is its great dryness—there being an almost total absence of rain and moisture. Not more
than one heavy rain a%oTin has occurred within its limits during the last tea years." 
REPORT.
755
coasts is quite conspicuous in winter, though  there  is one  exception, which  has been noticed in
comparing the quantities  for the autumn, in the diminished  quantities in Florida and the south
Atlantic States.  This winter dry season appears also in lower Texas.   The greater quantities on
the coasts  at  this season, afford the  only features of identity of  the distribution of rain on  this
part of the continent with that characteristic of Europe, and  that which has, hitherto,  as in Berg-
haus' and Johnston's charts, been assigned to this continent  from the analogies afforded by better
known land areas.   It has been seen how largely the distribution for the seasons already illustrated,
differed from  that  based  on  principles which assign to coasts, and to the nearest mountain ranges,
the leading agency in causing  precipitation.  In previous  cases,  the Alleghanies more frequently
cause deficiency than excess, and now, although the districts near the  coast have more rain than the
interior, there still appears  to  be  no  increase due to the presence of any of the elevations of the
Appalachian chain.  Upper Virginia contrasts with the Ohio valley, and with the plain at Baltimore
and Norfolk, in the  same manner as in summer, though not to the same degree.  At the  first
uplifts of the southern extremity of these hills, in Alabama and Mississippi, there may, however, be
some increase in the quantity of rain, though we are yet unable to decide the point satisfactorily.
     The  maximum  for   the  eastern United States  falls again  in  the atmospheric basin  of the
lower Mississippi,  and where a partial development of  a  winter rainy season occurs.    In the
remarks relating  to  the autumn  precipitation these  winter rains  and  their  partial periodicity
were noticed.  The  contrast with  Florida and lower Texas  which  they  exhibit  is perhaps the
 most  striking peculiarity disclosed by the chart, or  by the illustration  of the observations.   It is
difficult to account for these features satisfactorily upon any received principles of winter  distribution
of atmospheric  humidity, unless  we  suppose  these extreme southern points to be more  nearly
 assimilated to tropical districts in regard to rain than they are  in temperature.  In truth, they lie  in
 the neutral  latitudes, which afford  the anomalies  of Africa and Asia,  and which appear to  be
 controlled by the  configuration of the districts, and by accidental or anomalous  atmospheric move-
 ments  resulting from peculiar  relations of  the sea  and land areas.   The profuse rains  and the
 partial rainy season of  winter are  extended up the valley  of the  Mississippi for a considerable
 distance,  and so much  as to induce the impression that there is  an atmospheric eddy  or basin
 here  in  which general  circulation  ceases,  and the  conditions most favorable  to  accumulation  of
 moisture  and to profuse precipitation are found.   The  questions presented by this  constant concen-
 tration of the areas of maximum precipitation in the basin of the lower Mississippi are worthy a more
 thorough analysis than can now be made.
      Passing to the districts  of most profuse winter rain on the Pacific coast,  we find the European
 analogies fully sustained, and results quite similar to those of the west coasts of the British islands
 and Norway.  For the  lower latitudes, or in California, the humid atmosphere has  considerable
 elevation, and  the rains are not wholly arrested by  the lofty chain of the Sierra Nevada, and at the
 same time they are not extraordinarily profuse at and near the level of the sea.  In Oregon they  are
 more low and local, falling very profusely at sea level and on  the low coast ranges.  No very large
 quantity remains  to  be  arrested by the range of Rocky mountains, though these are so high  as to
 nearly exhaust the moisture not deposited near the coast, and to receive a large quantity of snow in  the
 whole course of the cold season.   At Astoria the quantity of winter rain is much like that of Bergen, in
 Norway, which at 60° north latitude has a mean of  23.5 inches of rain in winter for a period of  ten
 years.  Points of the west coast of Ireland,  and of Scotland and parts of England, would not differ
 largely from these measures.  Bergen is considered as the most extremely rainy of European positions 
756
REPORT.
in its winter climate, and it is probable that the quantity placed on the chart for our immediate western
coast—thirty inches—is too great to  be sustained by the results of a period of years.   At Sitka the
mean of tAvo years is  but sixteen inches, and at Steilacoom  that of five years is 21.5.  The mean
for  the most exposed  points of the coast cannot be  less than 25 inches, and this quantity probably
belongs to the Avhole coast,  at least as far as Sitka.
     In NorAvay the existence of  abrupt mountains near the coast renders the  comparison of interior
districts similar, and a dry, cold, and unproductive region exists there like much of British America,
but  in other parts of Europe the humid atmosphere of the coasts reaches far inland, adding largely
to the Avinter precipitation, and  softening the climate in regard to temperature  in  a corresponding
degree.   None of the Pacific districts afford these advantages here, and thus at all seasons the interior
districts of Oregon, with those of the plains of the Columbia, of the Great Basin, and of California,
are found to be  characterized by like conditions of aridity, and "by similar extremes and transitions
of temperature.  All this chain  of basins and plateaux is alike in this  respect, and its great area and
peculiar position requires a considerable extension of posts of observation to define its climate with the
requisite precision for all the purposes of occupation and transit.
     The precipitation of the great Rocky mountain ranges in  Avinter can only be stated with a remote
approximation.   It does  not appear that the snows are remarkable for  profusion  at  this season, and
the  great accumulations found by those who have attempted to traverse the mountains in any part  of
the  cold season  do not necessarily imply very deep falls in winter for the general surface.  As all the
precipitation from October to the close of May is retained on the mountains in the form of snow, the
floods of June would be large if the quantity were quite moderate in  each  month,  and the general
systems of drainage  are not adequate to carry off the measure of rain and snow which falls on the
mountains of the New England States.   Assuming for the Rocky mountain  region a winter precipi-
tation equivalent to five inches in depth of  rain, the rule of reduction of  snow to  water  applicable
in cold climates, of one inch of  water to twelve of snow, would give sixty inches  of  snow for the
winter fall.   As  most of the precipitation of spring and autumn is also in snow, we may suppose an
equal quantity  in  spring and half this depth in autumn—the whole giving twelve and a half feet  of
loose  snow as  falling  in the whole cold season on the higher ranges.  The quantity can scarcely  be
greater  than this  anyAvhere, and its average is probably less.
     The measurement of snows in  their depth  when first fallen has, unfortunately, received little
attention in these military  records, while attention to the melting of the quantity and its measurement
as water has oeen, on the whole, very accurately and carefully given.  The practical value of a com-
parison of the mean quantities of loose snow is now very great, since general  routes  of transit must
be controlled by such considerations in forming connections with the Pacific States.*
   * The valuable tables now published regularly for many years in the American Almanac afford the best existing averages of the
quantity of snow, and some of these results may be given for their general interest.
Positions.		For the winter months only.	For the year.
	12 years' mean depth. 7 " 34 " 10 " 24 " 8 "	36 inches. __ k ___ << __ a	
			54 "
			90 "
			67 43 "
			25* "
 
REPORT,
757
MEAN ANNUAL DISTRIBUTION  OF  PRECIPITATION.
    The summary of the quantities for the several seasons in mean quantities for the year, exhibits a
more symmetrical distribution of precipitation than belongs to either of the first charts.   The results
are believed to be less liable to error from imperfection of periods, and from the great range of non-
periodic variations, than in the case of periods embracing but a part of the year.   This conclusion is
based on the assumption that the non-periodic variations in the quantity of water falling in rain do
not cover so much time, and that the compensating extremes are more  likely to return  within the
year than to be deferred to subsequent years.   It is, however, scarcely possible to decide this point
from the existing records, as in several of the more complete series there are  years known to possess
constant errors of measurement, either in excess or in deficiency.
    The general features of symmetry are, first, the great quantities  in the lower Mississippi valley
and the Gulf States ;  next the comparatively large quantities and gradual out-shadings of other parts
of the Mississippi valley ; the uniform measures of the Atlantic coast throughout; and the uniform
and decreasing quantities from this district to the higher districts of the  Avhole Alleghany range, and
still more to the  lake district—which last is also quite uniform  throughout.   The falling off on the
northern portion of the plains is quite abrupt,  and not only the very complete series at Fort Snelling
so  far establishes this point,  but such partial records  as are obtainable from positions near  that
post,  and the features universally ascribed to the vicinity of  Fort Pierre, confirm it.   The  plains
are quite symmetrical in their quantities beyond this  point, so far  as may be ascertained, and the
valley of the lower Rio Grande appears to  correspond  very well,  and to continue this  symmetry of
the yearly results.   Beyond the plains the characteristic features of the districts of periodical rains
are strikingly exhibited, and southern Florida gives strong evidence that it should be identified  with
the districts of periodical rains, rather than with the  area of  constant precipitation of the eastern
United States.   There  are  fewer irregularities in these annual summaries, however,  than  in the
sums for separate seasons, and the possibility of  making an illustration of sufficiently precise and
practical value Avould not be doubted in regard to these quantities.
     In comparing this illustration with the charts of  Berghaus and  Johnston, the deficiency on the
coasts of the Atlantic and Gulf States  is quite apparent.  The gradations increase toward  the interior,
instead of diminishing, on any parallel from the Atlantic coast  toward the Mississippi valley, at least
as far north as 43° of latitude, and above this parallel there is but a slight extension of a district of
greater  precipitation on the Atlantic coast.    From the Gulf coast northward there is also a decided
increase at  some points, and  for a moderate distance; as also from the  coast at St. Augustine, (Fort
Marion ) Florida,  northwestward  toward the interior  of  Georgia.   The  Pacific coast has the
analogies heretofore attributed to all temperate climates, but they are there greatly exaggerated in
quantity for the northern,  and diminished  for the southern  portions.  The prominent deduction
derived from this feature giving the  greatest quantities in the interior for the eastern United States,
and from  the uniformity of the quantities over large districts and their extraordinary symmetry, is,
that the supply of moisture for precipitation is from remote sources, and  that the immediate inducing 
758
REPORT.
causes are not found in the configuration of the country.  If the altitude of the hills and mountains
of this  part of the continent has any agency in inducing precipitation, we should find interruptions
in the symmetry  due to them, and  an irregularity conforming to their  irregularities of position.
This  would be  more apparent  if their effect were supposed to be  to  increase the amounts,  as is
generally the case elsewhere, than if they  had  a negative relation to  them, or one  tending to
diminish the measures.   The last is, in truth, to some extent  the real relation of the districts having
considerable altitude, if not of the sharper elevations and mountains themselves, to the quantity of
water falling  in the vicinity of the Alleghanies ; though such a relation cannot be considered in the
same  sense as one of increased quantities,  since it is merely an interruption of the uniformity which
would appear  if the whole were a plain.
    By comparison of the  hyetal with the thermal  condition for this area, we may see a similarity
Avhich may solve the questions indicated in the contrasts just noted.   East  of the plains the shadings
conform to the curvatures of the thermal lines, and this in a  striking  manner, if we take the thermal
chart for the summer, in which season the  excesses principally fall.  The higher temperatures  then
fall inland, even for all the southern coasts; and the great heats of the Mississippi valley, the reces-
sion of the lines about the lake district and about the Alleghany mountains,  the heat of the interior
of southern Florida, and many other points of  correspondence, indicate clearly the existence of definite
and necessary relations of these two conditions for the district under consideration.   The quantity of
water precipitated in rain is proportioned to the temperature, and  riot to configuration, or to proximity to
the sea.
    To this general principle there are partial exceptions, one of which has  been  mentioned in the
extension of the heavy shading on the northern coast of New England.  This district, including the
highlands and mountains of most parts of the New England States  and  New York, has more rain
than would fall  to it by the general rule;  and there is some evidence  that  the contact of atmospheric
volumes with  those altitudes induces a share of the precipitation, as  in  Europe  and on the Pacific
coast.   The next  exception is in the lower part of the lake district,  the vicinity of Lake Ontario in
New York.   Here the temperature is highest,  and the quantity of rain is least for its latitude, except,
perhaps, the  vicinity of Lake Michigan,  on  both sides.  As the basin of Lake  Ontario  is  some
hundreds of feet below the greater part of the lake  district,  the exception is more  apparent than it
otherwise would be; and the absence of the  greater quantities  which should  be found  there, if the
latitudes were lower, shows only that the northern limit of this  distinctive district is nearly attained,
and that it would not exclusively belong to latitudes as high as 45 degrees.  The profuse rains of the
St. Lawrence valley and basin, however, still  in a great measure confirm the general principle, and
associate a large proportion of precipitation with its seasons of highest temperature.   A more critical
and thorough examination of the northeastern districts in their mutual relations at the various
seasons  is very desirable.
    The district of the great lakes has a general feature of a character perhaps least to be anticipated,
in showing a general diminution of the quantity of precipitation in comparison with the districts of
its vicinity.  That these bodies of water should reduce the annual quantity of rain instead of adding
to it may appear improbable,  yet, in comparing the  results exhibited on the c]j^rt  for the year, it is
demonstrable that they do so.  Under the  general principle  just mentioned the  explanation is more
simple than might be expected, since  it is dependent  on  the  relative capacities of the local  atmo-
spheres to sustain moisture,  the  precipitation being more or less profuse accordingly.  If at Cin- 
REPORT.
759
 cinnati the mean temperature may be for some days at 85° and at Fort Gratiot at but 60°, with a
 degree of humidity near saturation in both cases, a change of temperature which would precipitate
 like proportions of this moisture would  give twice the depth of rain at the former place.  Such, for
 nearly all parts of the year, are the relative thermal conditions for the atmosphere of this immense
 cool water surface and that of the Ohio and Mississippi valleys, and the hyetal conditions are only
 similarly contrasted.
      If the quantity of water precipitated at all  seasons depended on local sources of supply in the
 evaporation from ocean or lake surfaces, there should be, notwithstanding the rule just mentioned, a
 considerable increase on the hills in the vicinity of the lakes in winter or the colder seasons.  There is,
 undoubtedly, a partial or small increase of this sort, which is most conspicuous in New York and in
 the vicinity of Lake Superior.   But the amount so  added is due to the greater temperature of the
 lakes at this season, and to their slower cooling, as their local atmosphere retains a degree of humidity
 and a capacity for moisture which does not belong to the atmosphere of the land areas in their vicinity.
 The quantity is also not very great, and it is more conspicuous at the cold season, than important in its
 addition to the quantity for  the  year.   The number of days of rain and snow is  also increased
 disproportionately to the actual quantity.   West of Lake Superior there is, apparently, a heavier fall
 of snow in winter than elsewhere, or perhaps this profusion belongs to all the hills and low mountains
 surrounding this great lake, and reaching west to the Red river of the North.  The  great plains begin
 at this western limit,  and they stretch northwestward to the Saskatchewan and beyond it, the whole
 country to the Rocky mountains, indeed, being a single low and unbroken plain.  Whatever influ-
 ence moderate elevations would  have  in this  latitude  and position in inducing a heavier fall of rain
 and snow might be anticipated here,  and there may be a relatively large quantity so derived.  This
 does not affect  the general feature of the lake district which has been examined, as  nearly all the
 country in the vicinity of the other lakes is a plain very little elevated above the lakes themselves.
     There  is an exceptional  district, having a  great fall of rain, in Iowa, which requires some
 explanation, especially in its contrast with the small quantities at Lake Michigan.  The exception
 is in part in the fact that it is cut off from the  like measure of fifty inches which belongs to so much
 of the Mississippi valley, and this is due, apparently, to the elevation of central Missouri in compari-
 son with lower Iowa, and to the near  approach of these elevations to St. Louis, in  the  form of high
 plains, which are similar to all the elevated semi-plateaux of those States.  In Illinois the configura-
 tion is somewhat similar, or there are extensive open plains ;  but in Iowa and northern Missouri there
 is a district lower than these, which has a high temperature, and which may be designated as a sort of
 atmospheric eddy, similar to that of the lower  Mississippi.  In the northwest of Iowa the  coteau for-
 mation appegrs in its most perfect devolopment, and there are decided features of this sort  in central
 Wisconsin.  On these, and on the shore  of  Lake  Michigan, the quantity falls  off abruptly, in a
 manner strikingly like the curvatures  of the thermal lines.
     The influence of the plains is thus apparently extended eastward at St. Louis, reducing the quantity
 elsewhere belonging to the Mississippi  valley from  fifty to  forty-five inches  in  the  mean for the
      fh   s-h the belt so reduced  is comparatively narrow, and it does not reach to  the southern
line  of Missouri.
     A  other instance of the  intrusion of the influence of the plains appears at Fort Snelling, and
     rinciples are the same  as in the case just  examined.   The district is more  extensive, however,
belono-ino- to the whole coteau region of the Mississippi and Missouri.   The reduction in quantity is
             105 
760
REPORT.
very great, and farther west the measure soon falls off  to fifteen inches, probably.  There are no
sufficient  measurements for this  district, hoAvever,  and  only  local descriptions  and  analogies  are
relied  upon  in  carrying the illustration beyond the  observed points at the military posts.   One
striking remark is usually made  of these prairie  reaches, from  Fort  Pierre to Fort Union, (of the
Missouri,) and for much of the remaining distance  to  Fort  Benton, that  they are uncultivcd>le from
the absence of summer rain.  It is observed, in an equally decided manner, that the winter rains and
snows  are of very  small amount, and it  is clear  that with  these large deficiencies in the extreme
seasons the  sum  for the  year cannot be large.   There are some partial records at Fort Benton and
Fort Pierre* which fully support this view, and Avhich give, with estimates for some partially omitted
months, the measures used in the illustration.
     Below this great arid area of the plains there is a belt of  more abundant  rains, which  stretches
out on the highlands of Missouri first, and which subsequently comes nearer  the Canadian river.   Its
largest measure is on the Wichita and other mountains of the vicinity of the Canadian river, and at
this  latitude it appears to approach nearly to the spurs of the Rocky mountains, in their extension
eastAvard from Sante Fe.  The  positive measurements  at  Fort Riley and Fort Atkinson, with those
at Fort Arbuckle, Las Vegas, and Fort Union, are the only data of this sort yet procured.   But the
choice of this district as a route for  transit to New Mexico,  and the  general evidence afforded by
the rains there encountered, proves it  to be comparatively well  supplied with rains at a time when
otlier  parts of the plains  are quite  deficient.  This is, however, only a comparative statement, and
one  in reference  to  other portions near  these meridians.  All portions  differ extremely  from  the
immediate valley  of the Mississippi.
     In northern  Texas another particularly dry  plain throws the shadings eastward, but  south of
this  the rougher  elevations and  low mountains have  a larger fall of rain, which belongs  in some
degree to the mountains  farther up the Rio Grande.   The lower valley of the Rio Grande is again
extremely dry, except just on the coast  of the Gulf, and southward from this point it  is only known
that the  rains  are much  more profuse until the high interior of Mexico is attained.   The last dry
district named is, therefore, the most southern point to which this deficiency falls for districts having
the general elevation of the United States.
     As the large  measures  of rain for  the eastern United States appear to  be so  directly associated
with the temperature, the explanation of the diminution on the immediate coasts is not difficult.   On
the summer thermal  chart the line of 80° is seen to follow the Gulf coast throughout, while 82° and 85°
appear at large areas of the interior.  The temperature does not rise so high within reach of the sea
breezes, nor is  the degree or  fraction of saturation so great.  By those who are familiar with the
climate of the coasts this  has long  been understood,  and the removal of troops to the most exposed
coast positions, to avoid the unhealthiness  of the  high temperature and more excessive saturation of
partially interior  posts, has been practiced for many years.  The rains are less profuse for even slight
differences  of this sort, and we need look no farther  for the explanation of the differences of the
records.  On the  south Atlantic  coast this result is perhaps  more marked than elsewhere, though
the record at Fort Marion is not relied upon as entirely accurate.  But the contrast of  Fort Moultrie
and Oglethorpe Barracks, and that of Sea islands near Savannah with the city itself, affords decisive
comparisons.f  Farther north  the exposed  coast positions show a diminution evidently due to this

   * Report of Survey of Northern Pacific Railroad  Route, by Governor Stevens.
   f At Whitemarsh  Island, coast of Georgia, the mean fall of rain for 4£ years is 39 inches, while the  mean  at Savannah is 50
inches ;  at Camden, S.  C., 54.4 inches ; at Sparta, Ga., 51.7 inches, &c—(Climatology of Agl.  Rep. Patent Office, 1853.)  Similar
differences are presented on comparison, at points further northward, of coast positions with those without coast exposure. 
                                            REPORT.                                       761
 local cause, and the farther these are at sea, or the more fully exposed to such influences, the greater
 is the difference of measurements  disclosed.   Near the Gulf stream the conditions may be reversed,
 however, as the temperature is considerably greater there.
     In Florida the illustration for the year must be taken as in some degree hypothetical.   At Key West
 the quantity is  certainly comparatively small, though the records there differ very much from different
 sources  and for different years.   An apparently reliable record by  W. A.  Whitehead, esq., gives
 nearly thirty-two inches for a mean of fourteen years, though some part of this period was taken from
 other sources.   The record at the military post differs largely from this, and in part this difference is
 due to greater profusion of rains, yet the result may not be wholly relied upon.   A mean of these,  or
 thirty-six inches, is thought to be  near the average which an extended period  would give, and this is
 confirmed by partial results on other islands.*   But in the interior of the lower part of the peninsula
 the local rains are most excessive, and the local humidity and high temperature sufficiently extreme
 to render the measurement of the  large quantities there free from doubt.   Posts on  opposite  coasts
 of  the peninsula there usually agree in the cases of greater  profusion.  The non-periodic  range
 is,  however, very great for every portion of Florida, and more complete periods are required to give
 reliable measures.
     The annual mean results, in the districts of periodical rains, have less interest and importance as
 such, than in those where the whole year is  similar, or is a period of continued precipitation.  The
 interest belongs to the seasons in  the  first  case, and not  so  much, perhaps, to the recognized or
 standard divisions as such, as to the wet and dry seasons of these districts,  whatever periods of time
 they may embrace.   There is a great area very deficient in atmospheric precipitation, which stretches
 from the Rocky mountains to the great coast ranges, and from the point where the two ranges merge
 in one in British America, south to near the latitude of the city of Mexico.  Though both these great
 mountain systems are broken down in the vicinity of  the 32d parallel, they rise again in Mexico, the
 coast range at the east arresting  the tropical rains  from one ocean, and that at the west from the
 other.f   Within the limits of the United States  this great arid region may be said to embrace ten
 degrees of longitude and  seventeen of latitude, drained only by the Columbia and Great  Colorado
 rivers  in any  outlet to the sea.  Fully half of it is the Great  Basin of the interior, which does not
 receive a sufficient quantity of rain to require any external drainage.   Taking this  basin at nearly
 eight  degrees of latitude  by seven of longitude, we  have two  hundred thousand square miles so
 deficient  in rain as  to send out  no  rivers,  and to accumulate  no  considerable lakes,  and this
 statement places the  contrast with the eastern United States in the clearest light.   The two  great
 rivers of the whole  arid district receive  most of their volume from the mountains themselves, and
 beyond its jg-oper limits,  and  their basins might appropriately be added to the calculation, making
 nearly four hundred thousand square miles of surface, which, of itself, would  send no rivers to the sea.
 In the division of river or hydrographic systems this deserves a distinct place, and its basis is in the per-
 manent hyetal condition, which may or may not here be wholly dependent on altitude and configuration.
    The  summary for the Pacific coast  presents  no  features not apparent, in some degree, in the
 summaries for  the seasons.  It is to be regretted that the period of time is not longer for the upper
  rt of this coast,  and that the facilities for connecting the illustration still further northward are

   *      a"  ,man.  ' . .. „ nf ihp mountains of Mexico is not attempted to be  made with accuracy on the chart, and the illus-
   t The topographical notation ot me "•"""«'
tration of the quantity of rain there is attempted only for one or two seasons. 
762
REPORT.
not at hand.   Beyond Astoria and Steilacoom we have only two years of observation at Sitka, from
Russian authorities, with a mean of T'.l.o inches for the year.  Without much probability of error avc
may suppose the quantity at Astoria continued, with a less rapid increase than before reaching this
point, to  Sitka, and the whole of this immediate coast to be marked by great profusion.  Richardson
notices its extreme  humidity, and considers its degree greater than that of the most humid coasts of
the British islands.
     The  periods of observation at the older military posts are sufficient only to open the question of
permanence in regard to the  quantity of rain falling in an extended  series of years.  If this condition
is directly and necessarily associated with the temperature, the permanence of that  gives strong evi-
dence, at least, that there is no change in progress in regard to the quantity of rain.  It has been seen
that  no  evidence of periodicity  or of progressive  movement in any direction is  apparent in the
temperature  records, but as positive observation would be decisive against any form of inference
Avhatever, a brief reference to the annual summaries of the longer series may be made.
  The posts of the New England States show some uniformity previous to 1850;  the best series, at
Hancock  Barracks,  does so  particularly.   In 1850  to 1853  the  quantities are greater than before,
and comparison  with records from other sources,  going  farther back than any of these,* establish
the  correctness of  this  increase for those  years ; the excess was principally in southern  New
England  and  New York.   At Fort  Columbus  the most  complete  of the northern  series  occurs,
and the excess here in 1837 and 1847 is generally supported at other posts, and by records from  other
sources in the vicinity.  That of 1837 was observed at Fort Wood, New York harbor, and it has some
appearance of being over measured.   The complete mean of this post agrees strikingly with  that at
other points of the vicinity, including extensive periods at academies on Long Island.  At West Point
the  greatest difficulty or anomaly is presented, and comparison of its measurements for the earlier years
with those of the Academies at Hudson, Poughkeepsie, Newburgh, New York, and Albany; with indeed
several other points of the Hudson river valley, induces the opinion that local influences in regard to
the  position of the gauge, or error in use of the scale, render the measurements for the years referred
to decidedly in excess.   The quantities for  1837-8 and 9 are unprecedented, and all  for  first six or
seven years are nearly twice  as great as the measurements at the points above enumerated.   There are,
evidently, local causes of profuse precipitation here which do not exist in  this  valley  generally, and
this is sufficiently clear from the last twelve years of the record, which bear a  uniform relation to
other like periods.   But the  great decrease  in quantity from the mean  of the first six years is not
 shown in any other case, and it can scarcely be supposed that this  single locality is exceptional in this
 respect in so great a degree.   The highlands of southern New York and New England at some points
 show as much deficiency as the excess here admitted, or the difference of four inches  in the annual
 mean from the measures at  other points of the vicinity.
      At Watervliet there is evidently an under measurement of winter  precipitation, and the locality
 mav have the effect to still  further diminish the quantity as compared with Albany.   The mean of
 fortv inches at this latter point is no doubt  entirely reliable as a representative of the general district.
 The uniformity of the results at Watervliet arsenal for  successive years belongs to the  records  at
 Albany,  Troy, and other points  of the vicinity, and no evidence  of the  change occurring at West
 Point exists in any case.
* Observations at the New York academies, in Reports of New York University, Am. Almanac, Hist. Vermont, &c. 
                                          REPORT.                                      763
    The series at Alleghany arsenal is also strong evidence that all the variations in quantity are non-
periodic, and similar to those of temperature.   The range appears to be no greater  here than at New
York, and in both cases it is nearly as much as the least quantity which has fallen in any year.  At
Fort McHenry,  Baltimore, a  very good  series  exists  with  similar features.  Some unimportant
correction is supposed to belong to the last two years, but these do not affect this position.  At Fort
Monroe, Norfolk, a large  range occurs, and though the range here is  probably greater, as shown by
the analogies  of the temperature range, the extreme quantities are somewhat doubtful—1839 and
1840 on the one side, and 1852 and 1854 on the other.  If their accuracy is confirmed, as it may be
by  further examination,  the range is  certainly very extraordinary.  As this district  of central
position north and south  is still incomplete in  regard to observation, separate summaries at this post
are made for the purpose  of illustrating the probable  determinations, or those resulting in any case,
whether the apparently exceptionable quantities are or are not  retained.  It is clear that the range
on  this slope of the Alleghanies is very great,  and that partial  periods are quite inadequate to
determine the mean annual fall.   It amounts to two and a half times the least observed quantity at
Fort Monroe,  if the extreme years are not included.
    Similar features of great range belong to all the central districts of the United States, including
the older posts west of the Mississippi.   All the districts having a great mean annual quantity are so
characterized, and the  range is greatest where  the thermal variation is greatest.   At Fort Leaven-
worth the lowest quantity is less than  one-third of the greatest, while at the posts of the western lake
district the range is very much less.
    The measurement  of the  quantity  of  rain has inherent  difficulties not readily understood or
apparent, except in the actual trial,  arising from accidental interruptions or defects of exposure,
alterations in the shape of the  gauge by  freezing,  and in the use of the scale, &c.; but the
averages derived from long periods are  seen to be reliable for all general conclusions, particularly
when the quantities for  all the posts of an  extensive  district are placed together in their natural
geographical relations. 
NOTES    AND   ERRATA,
    In some of the signatures of the statistical portions of this volume errors of computation were introduced, which the subsequent
reproduction of the results in the summary tables served to detect  The successive forms in which the statistics were recombined and
discussed each served as a criticism on computations and determinations as well as on typographical accuracy.  It  will be observed
that many errata are secondary ;  that is, one primary error of computation or of printing is reproduced in all the results into which
 the original item enters.  The corrections are introduced in the order in which the primary errors occur.


    Page  ix.  With this page ends the "Directions for  taking Meteorological  Observations;" the remainder of the introduction
should have been more distinctly separated  in the form.
    Page  12.  Mean temperature  at Fort Brady, 9 a. m., for 4.30, read 14.30.
    Page  46.  Monthly mean temperature at Fort Towson, for 56.40, read 45.65.
    Page  46.  Monthly range of maximum above mean, for 7.6, read  18.4.
    Page  46.  Monthly range of minimum below mean, for 34.4, read 23.6.
    Page  50, 108.   Longitude of Watertown Arsenal, for 72.17, read 71.09.
    Page  51.  Temperature at Fort Towson for December, for 56.40, read 45.65.*
    Page  56.  Weather summary at New  Orleans should be noted as including Pass Christian.
    Page  60, 108.   Mean temperature of January at Fort Macon, for  44.08,  read 43.06.
    Page  110.   Longitude of Fort Atkinson, for 91°, read 92°.
    Page  150.   Monthly mean temperature at Fort Columbus, for 62.81, read 55.31.*
    Page  188, 286, 342, 400, 458, 516.  Altitude of Fort Gibson, for 842, read 542.
    Page  208.   Minimum temperature at Fort Gibson, for 37, read 57.
    Page  219.   Minimum temperature at Fort Washita for year, for 56.38, read 58.87.
    Page  219.   Mean temperature at St. Louis Arsenal for the year, for 50.45, read 52.95.
    Page  240.   Minimum temperature at Fort Monroe, for 40, read 50.*
    Page  240.   Minimum temperature at Fort Gibson, for 30, read 44.*
    Page  244.   Mean temperature at Fort Moultrie at sunrise, for 41.13, read 48.53.
    Page  244.   Mean temperature at Fort Moultrie for the month, for 50.20, read 52.05.
    Page  248.   Mean temperature at Fort Brady for January, for 85.53, read 18.53.
    Page  248.   Mean temperature at Fort Gibson for September.  Note. For the last 17 days.
    Page  249.   Mean temperature at Fort Scott for summer, for 77.91, read 74.58.
    Page  249.   Mean temperature at Fort Scott for year, for 54.73, read 53.90.
    Page  286, 292.  For Kearney, read Kearny.
    Page  287.  Mean temperature at Fort Washita for summer, for 78.92, read 77.92.*
    Page  287.   Mean temperature at St. Louis  Arsenal for summer, for 45.14, read 75.14.
    Page  287.  Mean temperature at St. Louis  Arsenal for autumn, for 65.31, read 55.31.
    Page  287.   Mean temperature at St. Louis Arsenal for year, for 55.63, read 53.13.*
    Page 287.  Mean temperature at Newport Barracks for autumn, for 67.72, read 57.72.
    Page 287.  Mean temperature at Newport Barracks for year, for 57.76, read 55.27.
    Page  289.   Mean temperature at Fort Mcintosh for November, for 60.11, read 66.11.
    Page 289.  Mean temperature at Fort Inge for October, for 62.20, read 66.20.
    Page 289.  Mean temperature at Fort Inge for November, for 69.22, read 60.22.
    Page 309.  Quantity of rain at Las Vegas,  for 00.2, read 0.02.
    Page 342.  Mean temperature for January at Fort Brooke.  Note. Inaccurate.
    Page 342.  Longitude of Mount Vernon Arsenal, for 88.20, read  88.02.
     Page 344.   Longitude of Fort Mcintosh, for 97.27,  read 99.27.
     Page 344.   Longitude of El Paso, for  106.38, read 106.28.
     Page 344.   Longitude of Camp Far  West, for 120.18, read 121.18.
     Page 3S0.   For Baton Rouge Arsenal, read Baton Rouge Barracks.
     Page 400.   Longitude of Fort Washington, for  77.03, read 77.06.
* The measures of range, and the mean temperatures into which these numbers enter, require corresponding correction 
NOTES  AND   ERRATA.
Page 400.  Mean temperature for August at Fort Meade, for 81.57, read 80.82.
Page 400.  Mean temperature for August at Fort Barrancas, for 79.22, read 81.37.
Page 400.  Mean temperature for August at Mount Vernon Arsenal, for 84.05, read 79.22.
Page 400.  Mean temperature for August at East Pascagoula, for 80.19, read 84.05.
Page 401.  Fort Independence, for Governor's Island, read Castle Island.
Page 422.  Title of page, for 1851, read 1852.
Page 442.  Watervliet Arsenal.  Note.  Temperatures inaccurate.
Page 458, 516.   Latitude of Fort Mifflin, for 30.53, read 39.53.
Page 460, 518.   Longitude of Fort Inge, for 99.09, read 99.49.
Page 460.  Mean temperature of January at San Diego, for 5.307, read 53.07.
Page 461.  Mean temperature at Fort Duncan for winter, for 77.80, read 74.60.*
Page 508.  Mean temperature at Fort Merrill, 9 p. m., for 67.18, read 64.26.
Page 516.  Longitude of Alleghany Arsenal, for 80.12, read 80.02.
Page 517.  Locality of Fort Smyrna, for Mosquito bay, read Mosquito Bar.
Page 517.  Mean temperature of Fort Brooke for spring, for 63.92, read 73.92.
Page 517.  Mean temperature of Fort Brooke for year, for 70.38, read 72.88.
Page 519.  Head of page, for 1851, read  1853.
Page 519.  Maximum temperature at Fort Yuma, for 121, read 116.
Page 519.  Maximum temperature at Fort Miller, for 118, read 121.
Page 528.  For Burgoine, read Burgwin."
Page 548.  Temperatures at Fort Vancouver.   Note.  Temperatures inaccurate?
Page 575.  Maximum temperature at Ringgold Barracks, for 100, read 103.
Page 575.  Maximum temperature at Fort Mcintosh, for  102, read 104.
Page 577.  Temperatures at Columbia Barracks, for October and November.  Note. Inaccurate.
Page 578.  Quantity of rain at  St. Louis Arsenal for autumn, for 5.70, read 5.80.*
Page 578.  Quantity of rain at Fort Arbuckle for autumn, for 7.23, read 6.13.*
Page 579.  Quantity of rain at Fort Brown for spring, for 6.30, read 5.30.
Page 579.  Quantity of rain at Fort Brown for year, for 34.27, read 50.60.
Page 579.  Quantity of rain at Fort Fillmore for year, for 23.85, read 6.07.
 Page 579.  Quantity of rain at Albuquerque for spring, for 3.00, read 2.01.*
 Page 579.  Quantity of rain at Santa Fe for spring, for 5.85, read 4.85.*
 Page 579.   Quantity of rain at Fort Massachusetts for spring and autumn.  Note. Incomplete.
 Page 579.   Quantity of rain at Fort Jones for January.   Note. First 15 days.
 Page 579.   Quantity of rain at Fort Jones for February, for 1.00, read 2.62 •, for winter, read 4.29 ;  for year, read 13.00.
 Page 592.  Position of Laguna, for Engineer, read Engineers.
 Page 598.  Latitude of Watertown Arsenal, for 41.21, read 42.21.
 Page 600.  Mean temperature  at Fort Columbus in 1822, spring, for 32.62, read 52.62.*
 Page 600.  Mean temperature  at Fort Columbus in 1837, October, for 59.22, read 52.92.*
 Page 600.  Mean temperature at Fort Columbus in 1845, October, for 62.81, read 55.31.*
 Page 601.  Summary  mean temperatures at Fort Hamilton,  April, for 44.29, read 47.62.*
 Page 602.  Mean temperatures at Watervliet Arsenal, September, 1852, for 70.40, read 61.78.
 Page 604.  Summary at Fort Ontario, mean temperature for November, for 43.43, read 37.97.*
 Page 605.  Errors of the original record of temperature are noted in the spring months of 1836 and  1837 at Alleghany Arsenal.
 Page 608.  Fort Monroe, the temperatures of 1832 are evidently in error for most of the year in the original record.
 Page 609.  Fort Monroe, mean temperature of January in the summary, for 36.54, read 40.54.*
 Page 611.  Fort Moultrie, mean temperature of August,  1842, for 71.15, read 75.71.*
 Page 611.  Fort Moultrie, mean temperature of November, 1848, for 50.20, read 52.05.
 Pao-e 611.  Fort Moultrie, mean temperature of January, 1854, for 40.83, read 50.83.
 Page 611.  Fort Moultrie, mean temperature of summary for January, for 50.36, read 50.73.*
 Pao-e 612.  Fort Marion, mean temperature for 1838, transpose the numbers for October and November,
 Page 612.  Fort Marion, mean temperature for June,  1842,  for 79.73, read  77.52.
 Page 612.  Fort Marion, mean temperature summary for October, for 71.88, read 72.42.
 Page 612.  Fort Marion, mean temperature summary for November, for 64.12, read 63.58.
 Page 613.  New  Smyrna, mean temperature summary for autumn, for 62.43, read 72.43.*
 Page 614.  Key West, mean temperature for February,  1838, for 52.25, read 68.30.*
 Page 615.  Fort Brooke, mean temperature for April, 1841, for 61.46, read 72.12.*
 Page 615.  Fort Brooke, mean temperature for September,  1841, for 52.85, read 78.95.*
 Page 615.  Fort Brooke, mean temperature for March, 1842, for 77.02, read 72.10.
 Page 615.  Fort Brooke, mean temperature for spring, 1853, for 63.92,  read 73.92.'
 Pao-e 618  Fort Morgan, mean temperature summary for spring, for 64.35, read 64.81.
 Pa* e 619*  New Orleans, mean temperatures for months of 1825, and for the first three months of 1835, inaccurate.
 Paje 620  New  Orleans, mean temperature for March, 1843, for 62.03, read 52.03.
 Page 621  Fort Jesup, mean  temperature for April, 1839, for 60.59, read 70.59.
*The summaries into which these numbers enter require corresponding correction. 
NOTES   AND   ERRATA.
    Page 624.   Fort Gibson, mean temperature for spring, 1850, for 51.13, read 57.13.
    Page 624.   Fort Gibson, mean temperature summary for April, for 61.04, read 62.13.
    Page 624.   Fort Gibson, mean temperature summary for May, for 69.15, read 68.79.
    Page 625.   St. Louis Arsenal, mean temperature for autumn, 1849, for 65.31, read 55.31.*
    Page 626.   Newport Barracks, mean temperature for autumn, 1849, for 67.72, read 57.72.*
    Page 626.   Detroit, mean temperature for April, 1846, for 30.03, read 50.03.
    Page 627.   Fort Gratiot, mean temperature for autumn, 1850, for 39.23, read 49.23.*
    Page 629.   Fort Howard, mean temperature for winter, 1836, for 71.75, read 21.75.
    Page 632.   Fort Snelling, mean temperature for July, 1850, for 73.85, read 75.85.
    Page 637.   Fort Brown, mean temperature for 1852.  See note.f
    Page 638.   Fort Duncan, mean temperature for spring, 1852, for 77.80, read 74.60.
    Page 645.   Latitude of Astoria, for 40.11, read 46.11.
    Page 668.   Fort Leavenworth, 1836, quantity of rain entered as for spring and summer should be for summer and autumn.
    Page 676.   Fort Reading, quantity of rain for December, 1853, for 1.18, read 2.18.*
    Page 676.   Fort Jones, quantity of rain for February, 1854, for 1.00, read 2.62.*
    Page 705.  Line 8 from top, for right line, read meridian.

    Note.—The compiler desires to state to the medical officers that the positions and altitudes of the different stations, as given in
this work, are known to differ in some instances from those reported in the original registers ; but in all such cases it is believed that
more  accurate  determinations  have been obtained from  other sources.  Those who institute a comparison of the volume with their
retained registers are requested to bear in mind the liability to error in first computations of monthly means, and also the fact that the
mean temperature results are here derived from the four daily observations.
    * The summaries into which these numbers enter require corresponding correction.

    t The omission to insert 1852 in the table at Fort Brown requires the following changes of the means : January, 59.80; February,
64.40;  March, 69.21;  April, 75.14; May, 80.21; June, 82.32; July, 83.95;  August, 83.83; September, 80.67; October, 74.49;
November, 69.14; December, 62.64.  Spring, 74.85; Summer, 83.37 ; Autumn, 74.77 ; Winter, 62.28.  Year, 73.82. 
 
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