Q 75Z. SPEECHES, POEMS, MISCELLANEOUS WRITINGS, ON SUBJECTS CONN JSUT15-D WITH TEMPERANCE THE LIQUOR TRAFFIC. CHARLES JEWETT, M. D. BOSTON: PUBLISHED BY JOHN P. JEWETT. No. 23 COItNHILL. 1849. , ,>. /A/ Entered, according to act of Congress, in the year 1849, by Charles Jewett, M. D., in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. PREFACE. The author of this volume has recorded on its pages the honest convictions of his understanding, relative to a great question of practical importance to individuals and the public. The opinions and sentiments herein expressed are the result of careful observation and much reflection during a period of more than tAventy years, the last ten of which have been almost exclusively de- voted to the public advocacy of the Temperance cause. This Avork is given to the public with an earnest desire that the perusal of its pages may kindle in the minds of its readers an undying hatred of a wicked system, which contributes, more than any other evil influence tolerated among us, to deprave and ruin our countrymen, and to disgrace and burden society. Although the author has no apology to offer for laying this little volume before the public, he has something to say relative to its contents ; and first of the speeches. No one of them is an exact copy, in all its parts, of any speech I have ever made. The first three of the arrangement, which were reported by Mr. Rockwell, I have taken the liberty to prune of some sentences, which were not necessary to the development of the argument; and I have here and there added others, which, in my judgment, Avould give it more strength 4 PREFACE. and clearness. The other discourses I have reported from memory, and, Avhether more or less able than I have been accustomed to make them when addressing public assemblies, I cannot say. Persons Avho have frequently listened to me can better judge, and there are many such in all the New England states, except Ver- mont. In reporting from memory, I am not certain but I have run a little into the essay style, if it may be proper to speak of style in connection Avith my method of expressing thought. A Avord of the articles in verse. While laboring to establish in the minds of my felloAv-men the convictions of my OAvn understanding in relation to the prevailing sin and miseries of intemperance, I have sought to vary the mode of instruction from time to time, and adapt it to the character and condition of those immediately before or around me, so far as might be done Avithout sacrificing the great principles which underlay the Avhole enterprise. In doing this, I have sometimes endeavored to associate those principles or truths Avith poetic thought, and a diction a little more harmonious than my ordinary prose. However severely my attempts at verse might suffer from a rigid criticism, I find pleasure in the belief that they have sometimes contributed'to the gratification of those Avho love the cause of temperance, and Avho dili- gently labor for its advancement. That consideration shall still afford me comfort even though some keen dissector of Avords and sentences should undertake to punish me for my presumption, and break a butterfly upon the critic's Avheel. I am not vain enough to suppose that I have any claim to the appellation of poet, and PREFACE. 5 shall never go out of my way as a reformer, or spend an hour of the time allotted me on earth in efforts to secure even a sprig of that laurel which belongs to the folloAvers of the Nine. Others, with larger gifts, may write their names on the face of the world so legibly that they may be read for centuries by generations yet to come, while I shall thank God for the honor of making my mark, if that mark be one Avhich shall guide future travellers in the Avays of temperance and happiness. The articles which make up the miscellaneous de- partment of this work, will, I fear, have little interest for those Avho are not actively engaged in efforts to advance the temperance cause. With two or three exceptions, they are either letters or parts of letters addressed to gentlemen connected with the temperance press, and, though intended for publication, they were generally written in- haste and amid the pressure of many cares. Such as they are, they express the opinions of the writer on practical questions connected Avith the enterprise. If the language employed throughout the work to ex- press my opinions of the rum traffic, and of the vileness and inhumanity of those engaged in it, should be con- sidered by some as umvarrantably harsh, I shall not be surprised; but be that as it may, I will, Avith perfect frankness, assure the reader that its employment Avas not a slip of the tongue or the pen. At the risk of my character for amiability, I will confess that my feelings on the subject are much stronger than any language I have employed. It is quite probable that those Avho may peruse the following discourses may find here and there an illustra- 1* 6 PREFACE. tion employed, Avith Avhich they may have become familiar through other channels; and, without a Avord of explanation, they might be led to the conclusion that the author had employed the labor of other minds with- out due credit. It is proper, therefore, that I should, in self-defence, declare that every illustration employed in the discourses, which is not duly credited to some fellow-laborer, is my own, whether good or bad. If others have employed them, without tte proper refer- ence to their origin, let the charge of plagiarism rest where it belongs. It was my intention to add to this work a dis- course on the influence of intoxicating drinks upon the physical constitution of man. I could not, hoAvever, secure the completion, in time, of such diagrams as would be necessary to make the subject clear to the minds of those who have never studied the anatomy of the human body. I must, therefore, defer the publica- tion of my thoughts, on that subject, to some future period. With these explanatory remarks, I commit this little volume to the judgment of the public ; and, in doing so. I will say to that public, concerning the book, as I have often said of a dose of medicine to a sick friend, " If you can only manage to sAvalloAV it, I believe it will do you good." CHARLES JEWETT. June 15, 1849. CONTENTS. SPEECHES. The Law and Tendencies of Artificial Appetites. — A Dis- course delivered at Bloomfield, Connecticut, December 24, 1848. Reported, phonographically, by H. E. Rockwell,........9 The AYarfare of the Traffic in Intoxicating Drinks on all Useful Trades and Occupations. — A Discourse delivered at Bloomfield, Connecticut, December 29, 1848. Reported, phon- ographically, by H. E. Rockwell,...........................26 Characteristics of the Evil of Intemperance, as seen in its Effects on Communities, States, and Nations. — A Discourse delivered at Manchester, Connecticut, December 31,1848. Re- ported, phonographically, by H. E. Rockwell,................47 Intemperance as a Vice of Individual Man. — Reported by the author, from memory,.................................70 Prospective Results of the Traffic in Intoxicating Drinks. — Reported by the author, from memory,...................80 Props of the Rum Traffic, and Weapons of the Enemy, .... 90 Means for Removing the Curse of Intemperance. — A Dis- course delivered at Bridgeport, Connecticut, in January, 184?. —Reported by the author, from memory,...................103 FUGITIVE PIECES, IN VERSE. Extracts from a Poem delivered before the Massachusetts Legis- lative Temperance Society,................................127 Fourteen O'clock,..........................................132 Apostrophe to the Merrimack...............................135 A Cotton Speculation.......................................137 The Rum-seller's and Drunkard's Lamentation,...............140 8 CONTENTS. Extract from an Address to Retailers,..........................14b Crack Up, Crack Up.........................................146 Strangulation, or the Distiller's Disaster.......................148 SELECTIONS FROM CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PRESS. A Brief Plan of a Temperance Campaign,......................151 The Rum-seller's Remedy....................................154 Injustice to Reformers.......................................156 Constitutionality of the License Law. — A Dream,.............157 Glorious News,.............................................160 Better Tools wanted,........................................164 Inconsistencies of the Professed Friends of Temperance,.........166 Temperance Papers..........................................168 " Temperance Sugar Ale,"..................................170 Buying off Rum-sellers,......................................171 Drinking Saloons,...........................................172 Preliminary Exercises in Temperance Meetings,................173 In Trouble,.................................................174 Gambling and Intemperance.................................176 An Amusing Scene,........................................176 A Tribute to Massachusetts. — Prophecy,......................178 Boston Rum in the Country, and Country Rum-sellers in Boston,.. 181 A Question answered—Results predicted — Motives presented — and Advice Given.........................................183 Washingtonian Hall.........................................186 Party and Sectarian Jealousies...............................187 The Rum-selling Professor of Christianity,....................188 Our Main Support in Cities..................................188 Legislative "Wisdom,.........................................189 Alcohol as a Medicine,......................................190 The Real Source of Mischief,.................................195 Occasional and Startling Effects of the Traffic. — A Spur to Action,. 198 A Distiller's Consolation,....................................199 A Visit to the Spirits in Prison,..............................201 THE LAW AND TENDENCIES OE ARTIFICIAL APPETITES. A DISCOURSE DELIA'ERED AT BLOOMFIELD, CONNECTICUT. DECEMBER 24, 1848. REPORTED PHONOGRAPH1CALLY, BY H. E. ROCKWELL Mr. President, and Ladies and Gentlemen : Warnings, similar to that uttered in the song to Avhich we have just listened, have been, for the last thirty years at least, continually falling upon our ears and the ears of our fellow men. Good men, widowed and wretched women, neglected, abused, and suffering children, — ah! and even the drunkard himself, — have unitedly warned us against the terrible influ ences of intoxicating poisons ; and yet they are vended an i drank in our midst, as though they were perfectly harmless. Those very influences and instrumentalities which have filled the earth with crime and misery, are permitted still to operate here at your very doors, and that under the sanction of the laws of Connecticut. The fruits of God's earth are, in this very town, converted into poison for man, and thoughtless and wicked men are busily engaged in transporting it to and fro, and presenting it to the lips of their neighbors and fellow- citizens. The columns of our public journals are filled with the most heart-rending details of this terrible system, with which, as friends of temperance, we are warring ; and yet it does not deter men from a vigorous and active support of that system. The press, the pulpit, and injured and suffering 10 THE LAW AND TENDENCIES OF thousands, cry out against this modern Moloch ; and yet our sons and our daughters are, by thousands, being immolated upon its bloody altars. Why is this evil perpetuated in our midst ? Why, in the face of such damning results, is the system producing them tolerated ? All men affect to deplore the evil of drunkenness, and its attendant miseries. There is now no doubt but community might safely and profitably dispense with the whole system which has proved so destructive to our interests and happiness in times past. Why, then, I ask again, is the state made to groan under its influence ? The question would be variously answered by different individuals, and no doubt very many potent causes are operating together to perpetuate this curse among us. Among them all, however, few are more potent than the one to which I propose, this evening, to call your attention, viz., the loose and unsound notions entertained, by the mass of our fellow-men, relative to the nature, philos- ophy, and inevitable tendencies of unnatural or artificial appetites. There are many well marked distinctions between appetites which are natural to our race and those artificial ones which may be formed by the continued use of substances in them- selves poisonous, and always injurious in a state of health. The law of artificial appetites is a law of increase. Their demand is for more, more ; give, give, until we drop into our graves. It is this law which, when a man has heedlessly formed an appetite for intoxicating stimulants, drags him on and down, through a course of indescribable sufferings, to a grave of infamy. Now, there is no such tendency in natural appetites for food or drink, though indulged to perfect satiety, and through the period of a long life. They are, almost with- out exception, as strong when first developed as they can be rendered, in a state of health, at any subsequent period of the life of the individual. Let me illustrate this in a familiar way. I see before me, in the congregation, a number of very young ARTIFICIAL APPETITES. 11 persons. Now, suppose you take one of these children of four years of age, and, in the season when that fruit may be had, give him a plate of strawberries and cream. The child will eat them with a keen relish, as keen as he will ever do at any subsequent period, though he were fed on that delicious fruit for life. Give to one of these lads of six years a fine apple, and observe with what evident gusto he will dispose of it. Now, you may place at his elbow a basket of choice apples during every day of his future life, and the appetite for apples will not increase. He will not eat one to-day, two to-morrow, three the next day, and so on, consuming larger and still larger quantities of the fruit daily, until he shall gorge himself with apples, and, oppressed with .the load, lie down, like a brute, and wallow in the street. Such results do not follow the use of those delicious fruits with which we may, with proper effort, supply ourselves so abundantly in this favored land. The same is true in relation to every proper article of food or drink. Water is to the thirsty a great luxury. Few articles ever pass the lips of men, whose appetites are not depraved by improper indulgence, which afford more pleasure than water, when that article is really demanded. With what eagerness did you and I, Mr. President, in our boyhood, run to the well, when wearied with childish sports and athirst; and when " the old oaken bucket" was, in the language of the poet, " poised on the curb, and inclined to our lips," and we felt the cool water splashing on our naked feet, O, then we could have testified to the excellence of that blessed gift of God, the emblem of purity, and type of that fountain of joy which shall forever spring up in the souls of the blessed. Yet, great as is the pleasure with which, when athirst, we receive pure cold water, 'the desire for it is not increased by continued indulgence from infancy to three- score years and ten. We do not find men drinking a pint to- day, a quart to-morrow, and so on, increasing, until, urged on by insatiable thirst, they suck on to the spout of the pump, and there remain till, like a gorged leech, they can swallow no 12 THE LAAV AND TENDENCIES OF more, and then roll away into the gutter. This is not the law of that appetite which craves water ; .but, gentlemen, is it not the law of that appetite which calls for gin ? All artificial appetites are governed by the same law. Those which crave opium as a stimulus, or tobacco, or any other narcotic substance* show the controlling influence of this law of increase in a degree scarcely less than that which can be satisfied only with the fiery product of the still. 1 speak of tobacco; but let me not be misunderstood. I would not proscribe the use of tobacco on the same ground upon which I would condemn the use of alcoholic stimulants. I have never known an individual led to the commission of crime by an extra Havana, or by.laboring too industriously at what would seem the peculiar business of ruminating animals. Pig-tail or old Cavendish, though they induce a filthy habit, and impair the health of the consumer, especially of the nervous system, do not destroy the moral sense, alienate or annihilate the social affections, inflame the passions, and impel an individual, — as do intoxicating drinks, — to kick his wife and children out of doors, or imbrue his hands in their blood. These are results peculiar to the use of those articles which stimulate the system to a high degree before their narcotic or sedative effect is experienced. I have said that the use of tobacco does not, like intoxicating drinks, annihilate the social affections; but I have no doubt they have often impaired them, for, in my opinion, a wife must have Job-like patience who can have her 'floor or carpets daily bespattered with the liquid extract of a nauseous drug, and not sometimes have her indignation kindled by such a perpetual imposition. [Laughter and a little nervousness in certain parts of the house.'] Mr. President, I hope that no gentleman present, who in- dulges himself in the use of the weed, will accuse me of attempting to excite an insurrection in his household, for 1 assure him nothing is further from my purpose. I refer to the use of tobacco by way of illustration, and because the appetite for it, when created, obeys the same law of increase ARTIFICIAL APPETITES. 13 as that for alcoholic stimulants. If incidental reference to the use of tobacco, in any of the various modes in which it is employed, shall have the effect to restrain the young present from that species of slavery to which I was at one period of my life subjected, I shall rejoice in having been able to prevent so many palpitations of the heart and cases of disordered nerves, far more than I should to be able to cure them when created. To the view I have taken of the distinction between natural and artificial appetites, it may be objected that natural ap- petites, when improperly indulged, lead to excess, as well as those which are artificial; that we have gluttons as well as drunkards; and that the desire for food is a natural one. To this I reply, that men in a state of health rarely become glut- tons in the use of proper food. That the stimulating con- diments which are too commonly added to food may create an inordinate appetite, and lead to excess, I admit; but no man becomes a glutton by the use of plain-dressed meats, bread, milk, vegetables, fruits, &c. The appetite may be daily satiated, but it is only in cases of bodily infirmity or disease that purely natural appetites become uncontrollable. And, furthermore, you will find, in the case of almost every glutton, that he became so, not only by the use of stimulating articles mixed with his food, but that he was accustomed to the use of alcoholic stimulants. Aldermen whose physical proportions are of the Falstaff stamp, generally consume " sack and sugar," as well as " capons " and turtle-soup. Here, Mr. President, I take leave, for the present, of this branch of my subject, and shall now, for a few moments, direct your attention to another peculiarity or characteristic of artificial appetites. They seem to disqualify the individual subjected to their influence for sound reasoning on this one subject. I have met with many men of strong intellects who were under the influence of unnatural appetites ; and, while conversing with them on other subjects, I have been led to admire the clearness of their logic, and the ingenuity and 2 14 THE LAW AND TENDENCIES OF • directness with which they would arrive at sound conclusions from given premises; but when, in the course of perhaps a lengthy conversation, their unnatural appetite has become the subject of discussion, I have been surprised to see how soon their logic went ovei board. I doubt whether it be in the power of the strongest intellect to reason as soundly in relation to an unnatural appetite, to which the individual has become subject, as upon other mat- ters. At any rate, I have never met with such a one. They will admit that the indulgence of the appetite they have formed is generally injurious, and perhaps dangerous; but there is some- thing peculiar in their constitution or circumstances which renders the indulgence comparatively harmless, or quite necessary, in their case. Its indulgence, they will allow, leads to excess in most cases ; but, nevertheless, they can man- age to indulge, and yet keep within the bounds of reason; theirs is an exception to the general rule ; their tempera- ment is very peculiar; and so on, to the extreme of folly. A well educated spaniel puppy ought to be able to use better logic than is often exhibited by men of talent and extensive intellectual acquirements. They are under a cloud on one subject. They are spell-bound ; a sort of monomania has taken possession of them, — not to say a devil. You have doubtless heard of the good old lady who had been an extravagant consumer of snuff for many years, and who, when urged to break the habit on account of its alleged tendency to injure the voice, exclaimed, with a peculiar nasal twang, [the doctor imitated it by compressing the nasal pas- sages with his thumb and finger,] " I do-'t believe a si-gle word of it, for I h-ab took snuff for twe-ty years, and my voice is chest as clear now as it was whe-d I commed-ced." The good lady was mistaken. She could neither hear nor rea- son correctly in relation to snuff and its influences. Had you consulted her on other subjects, I doubt not but she might have exhibited powers of observation and reason quite respec- table. Observe a young man of twenty or twenty-five, who ARTIFICIAL APPETITES. 15 indulges in an occasional glass of wine, and perhaps something a little stronger, and who begins to feel, at times, a strong desire for stimulants. His sister, of sixteen, it may be, is seen by him to dip the extremities of her fingers in grand- mother's snuff-box, and he will be very likely to feel and express some anxiety lest that dear sister should now, in her very youth, become addicted to the slavish and filthy habit of snuff-taking. He warns her of the danger, and when she asserts her intention to take but very little, and that but " oc- casionally," and denies the possibility of her becoming enslaved to the habit, like grandmother, you will hear him at once assuring her that, if she persists in tampering with the stuff, the formation of an unnatural appetite is inevitable : that all inveterate consumers of the article commenced just as she is commencing; and that the appetite was formed contrary to their expectation, and in spite of innumerable resolves against it. He reasons soundly in relation to the matter of his sister's danger, and the nature and tendency of a practice in which she is beginning to indulge. But will he manifest the same good sense and acuteness in relation to his own practices ? Let us see. What have you in that glass, young man ? " A little wine," is the answer; or it maybe some brandy and water, or whiskey punch. But, young man, do you know that the use of that article tends to the production of an unnatural appetite, so fierce and insatiable in its nature that it has often overcome the will of the strongest men, and dragged them down to penury, disgrace, and untimely graves ? And do you not fear that such may be the result in your case, if you persist in using it ? The case now is exactly parallel to that of his sister, and he reasoned correctly in hers ; but will he in his own ? O, it is melancholy to hear him reply, " Pshaw ! a man is a fool who cannot drink a glass of wine or brandy occasionally, and yet govern his appetites. Do not give your- self any uneasiness on my account. I know when I have taken enough. I can drink, or, if I please, I can let it alone." Mr. President, when I hear such language in the mouth of 16 THE LAW AND TENDENCIES OF an individual, young or old, I believe, without further evidence, one half of that last assertion. I believe he " can drink? and I may believe the other half, that he " can let it alone," after he has tried the experiment. Until then, I am sceptical on that point. Such language as I have just quoted is daily uttered by thousands of our young men, even in this, so called, " land of steady habits;" and it bears painful testimony to their want of instruction on the subject to which I am directing your attention. When I reached this village, yesterday after- noon, I had occasion to stop at the public house across the way. I there saw a fine, intelligent-looking young man walk into the bar-room from another room adjoining, call for three glasses of a compound of which intoxicating poison is the principal ingredient, and bear it away with him to the room from which he had entered. Soon after, he again came out, and obtained a further supply. Who were in the room to which he carried his poisonous drinks I know not. I sin- cerely hope, ladies, for the honor of your sex, that ladies con- stituted no part of the company. I was in that case, as I always am in similar cases, pained exceedingly to see that fine-look- ing young man going like an ox to the slaughter. " O," thought I, " if you could but understand to what a tremendous power you are subjecting yourself, you would pause before you took another step in that direction." Impress that young man with a just sense of the dangers which surround the course he is pursuing, of the inevitable tendency and over- whelming power of the unnatural appetite he is forming, and he would no more touch the accursed poison than he would thrust his hand into the fire. But why, we may be asked, may not an individual, when he discovers the fact that his appetite for stimulants has become strong, — why may he not then call to his aid his reason and his will, and put his enemy at once under his feet ? He may and will be successful in such an effort, if he make the dis- covery before his will or resolution is essentially broken down. Thousands of reformed men, scattered over the lard, can ARTIFIC AL APPETITES. 17 attest to the practicability of such an undertaking. It is well, however, that the real cause of the difficulty be understood. General debility of the body, though often attended with great strength and clearness of intellect, is always accom- panied with extreme feebleness of resolution or will. Espe- cially is this the case where the stomach is the primary seat of the disease, or has been early and severely affected by it. Acute observers have noticed this fact centuries ago. The great poet and dramatist of England, — I might say of the world, rather, — saw the fact clearly, and has given us a fine illustration of the subject in one of his tragedies. You will recollect that, in the tragedy of Julius Caesar, Cassius is at one time represented as laboring very industriously and ingeniously to draw Brutus into the conspiracy to take the life of Caesar. To secure his object, he deemed it important to convince Brutus that the tyrant was not a man of such unfaltering strength of purpose as he seemed to suppose, and as the world generally gave him credit for. He proceeds to relate how Csesar, after having challenged him to swim with him the Tiber, gave out in the attempt, and lustily roared for help, and how that he (Cassius) was compelled to bear out " the tired Caesar" on his shoulders; after which he adds, " He had a fever when he was in Spain, And, when the fit was on him, I did mark How he did shake: 'tis true, this god did shake! His coward lips did from their color fly; And that same eye, whose bend doth awe the world, Did lose his lustre: I did hear him groan; Ay, and that tongue of his, that bade the Romans Mark him, and write his speeches in their books, Alas ! it cried, Give me some drink, Titinius, As a sick girl. Ye gods, it doth amaze me, A man of such a feeble temper [resolution or will] should So get the start of this majestic world, And bear the palm alone." This, on the part of Cassius, was very ingenious, but equal- ly fallacious. To prove Csesar really a weak man, and 2* 18 THE L1W AND TENDENCIES OF irresolute of purpose, something more was necessary than to prove that he shook during the cold fit of an ague, or feebly exclaimed, " Give me some drink," while under the debilitating effects of disease. There never lived a man so firm of nerve or purpose but that he would shake and utter feeble exclama- tions under the same circumstances. How irresolute is a sea- sick man ! Were you to declare your purpose to throw him overboard, and really set about it, he would scarcely resist you. Had the surgeons of the American and Mexican armies given to each officer and soldier, thirty minutes before the com- mencement of the battle of Buena Vista, a tablespoonful of a pretty strong solution of tartar emetic, there would have been very little blood spilled on that occasion. A score of old ladies, armed with broomsticks, might have driven both armies off the ground, or at least kept them at bay. I have heard many men of iron nerve and energy, when well, whine like children in the sick room, when under the influence of disease in which the stomach was much involved, and where, con- sequently, the nervous system was unstrung or enfeebled. Now, what is the condition of the drunkard ? His physical constitution is impaired, and his stomach in a state of disease from the fiery draughts he is daily swallowing. His nervous system is disordered, and when not under the immediate influence of stimulants, he is in precisely that condition in which irresolution or feebleness of purpose is to be expected. I marvel that any man, under such circumstances, even with all the support which Washingtonian sympathy and effort can give, has ever been able to break the chain that for years had bound him ; and you will find that those who have stood firm, and still adhere to their principles and their pledge, were originally men of uncommon resolution or firmness of nerve. Let our young men, who are beginning to tamper with the cup, understand this, and be assured that, in creating this unnatural appetite, they will inevitably derange their nervous systems, disorder the functions of the stomach, and thus enfeeble their resolution — the very power on which they rely to escape ARTIFICIAL APPETITES. 19 from the pit into which they are venturing. Let them know, that they are nursing in their constitutions a very anaconda, which will finally crush them in its folds. Go, young man, and talk with a drunkard in his sober moments, as I have done, and hear him declare how very many times he has resolved he would never drink more, and how, as often, such resolutions have been broken. See the tear of regret coursing down his cheeks, and hear him, as I have often done, declare that he would give worlds, did he possess them, if he could dislodge the fiend that he has nourished within. Hear him utter the melancholy declaration that it is too late for him ; that he has no longer the strength of purpose or resolution to make head against the current which he knows is sweeping him on to the whirlpool of destruction. " Wine is a mocker ! Strong drink is raging ! " O young men, be warned. If there are present any of that numerous class of persons who are ready ever to denounce drunkenness and the drunkard in unmeasured terms, while they look on moderate drinking with allowance, or perhaps even give to the drinking usages of society the support of their example, will they allow me to sug- gest that the considerations I have presented ought, for the future, to give a better direction to their sympathies and their denunciations ? The drunkard, who became such fifteen or twenty years ago, while the world was in comparative igno- rance of the truths since brought to light by the temperance reformation, and who may now find himself destitute of that strength of purpose necessary to break the chain that binds him, is not a proper object for denunciation. How far he may be. morally responsible for the condition of wretchedness in which he now finds himself, I will not pretend to determine; but I say, unhesitatingly, that, charged as he is, by the voice of the community, with guilt and folly, he is, in my opinion, justly chargeable with either in a less degree than the man who, with the means of information now within his reach, and with the warning voice of thousands ringing in his ears, disregards both, and goes onto form an unnatural appetite, which may lead 20 THE LAW AND TENDENCIES OF him into sin and crime, and open for him an untimely and dis- honorable grave. He boasts of his power of self-control, and he is therefore bound to employ it. The wretched drunkard often confesses, with tears of regret, that his has been lost, or so far enfeebled, that it will not serve him in the dreadful extremity to which he has arrived. Mr. President, the case of the drunkard is not the only one in which the appetites become master of the will; and it may not be amiss for us to consider, for a few moments, the cir- cumstances under which even the appetite for food, though a natural one, attains a complete mastery even of the strongest men ; for, although I have before asserted that the natural appetites, under ordinary circumstances, have no tendency to become tyrannical or overbearing, yet there are various cir- cumstances which may, for the time, give to a natural appetite the characteristics and strength of one that is entirely artificial. Eleven years1 experience in the practice of my profession as a physician and surgeon has afforded me abundant oppor- tunities of witnessing to the truth of what I have just asserted. Go with me, in your imagination, Mr. President, to the sick chamber. There lies an individual who has been brought to the verge of the grave, as it .were, by typhus fever. He is now convalescent. The disease reached its crisis, as we say, three days since : the tongue, of late so heavily loaded, has parted with its unnatural coating ; the mouth is no longer dry, for the salivary glands have resumed their natural func- tions ; and the stomach, which has for three weeks been inactive, now, in behalf of the enfeebled and emaciated frame, is clamorous for nutriment. While the stomach has been unable to prepare nutriment for the body, the absorbents have been at work to supply the vital organs with necessary support; and, after having worked up the adipose or fatty mat- ter, which had, in time of health, been laid away as nutriment h reserve, they have attacked the muscular system, and the thick bodies of the muscles have been worked up into nutriment for the vital organs, until those muscles are reduced to mere feeble ARTIFICIAL APPETITES. 21 strings ; and hence, although the disease has bidden a kind farewell, his powers of locomotion will be very feeble for a long time to come. Yet what has been borrowed from these muscles during the late calamity must be restored, and the stomach must therefore, for a time, perform double duty. It must provide means to repair the daily wear of the organs, and extra material to build up again those muscles which the absorbents have whittled away to strings. The demand for food, under these trying circumstances, is rendered peculiarly urgent, and a natural appetite, for the time being, assumes the strength of an unnatural one. Now, will our feeble patient govern that appetite, and keep it within the control of reason and prudence ? You know, Mr. President, and some of you, ladies and gentlemen, that he will not. Some of you have been taught by bitter experience. It matters not, though the patient be a Rev. D. D., who has spent his life in religious teaching, and a thousand times enjoined upon his hearers the duty of controlling their passions and appetites, of keeping the body under, and bringing it into subjection, to the highest powers of reason and conscience. I would not now trust him with a beefsteak or a plum pudding within his reach sooner than the most thoughtless child. His power of self-control — in other words, his resolution or will — has been brought down below zero, while his appetite for food, through the causes I have enumerated, has acquired five times its natural strength. He has lost the balance of power, and you must now stand between him and the table, or he will use food so imprudently as perhaps to bring on a relapse of fever, and it may be de- stroy his life. A professor in one of our medical colleges, who has spent his life in the study and practice of medicine, who has seen hundreds under the circumstances I have described, and who could call to mind scores of cases where improper indul- gence in food, under such circumstances, has been fatal to the life of the individual, can no more be trusted to regulate his own diet, during the period of convalescence from a severe 22 THE LAW AND TENDENCIES OF and protracted disease, than a schoolboy. If he did not, like Caesar, cry out," Give me some drink, Titinius," he would call for bread and butter, or chicken soup, in tones, and with an expression of countenance, which would excite your compas- sion. His medical knowledge is not worth a cent to him under his present circumstances: you must stand between him and the table, or he dies. Suppose appetite, and the controlling power, will, to be rep- resented on two opposite scales or thermometers. In health, we will suppose that appetite stands at fifty on its scale, while will stands at seventy. The will now governs ; but in such a state of disease as I have described, or rather during con- valescence, the appetite runs up on the scale to seventy, eighty, or a hundred, while will, enfeebled by the infirmity of the body, especially that of the stomach and nervous system, has fallen down below zero on the scale. The man must now be controlled by forces from without, or he will destroy him- self. Supply him with a little food to-day, as much as may be safely administered and well digested, and to-morrow strength of body and will has crept up five or ten degrees on the scale, while appetite is less clamorous, having fallen five or ten degrees on its scale. Pursue the same course daily for a few days, and appetite will have come down daily, until it answers to fifty on the scale, while will, or the governing power, has gone up to seventy. You may now relax your care of the patient; he can take care of himself. The drunkard^s will is enfeebled by disease of the stomach and. the nervous system, and the terrific power of an un- natural and fiendish appetite rules him with a rod of iron. O my hearers, have mercy on the drunkard! His wretched con- dition demands your compassion. Encourage him by kind words, and support him in every feeble resolution he may form. Convince him, by persevering efforts for his rescue, that you are indeed his friend, and thus secure an influence over him which you may wield for his salvation. Sfand around him like a wall of fire, to protect him from the mer- ARTIFICIAL APPETITES. 23 ciless wretches who would profit by his folly and weakness, and thus contribute Avhat aid you may to restore him to him- self, to his family, to society, to happiness, and usefulness. Another peculiarity which attaches to all artificial appetites is that, in addition to the injury they inflict on the intellect, the will, the moral character, &c, they each and all have a direct tendency to impair some one or more of the organs of sense, and thus lessen even the amount of animal enjoyment. The individual who has given his or her nose such an unfortunate education that it hourly clamors for a supply of pulverized tobacco, may derive a certain kind of enjoyment from the gratification of such unnatural desires. Such enjoyment is vile, however, compared with what the individual sacrifices to secure it. Let that person walk out in the orchard some morning in June,— " At dawn, when every grassy blade Droops with a diamond at his head, Or eve, when flowers their fragrance shed In the rustling gale," — when the air is full of sweet odors, and he is a stranger to that enjoyment which surrounding influences would impart to those whose organs of smell have not been so terribly abused. Often, while travelling, with my pockets full of choice apples, and in company with some friend, I have offered to share with him their contents, and received for answer," No, I thank you. I have got some tobacco in my mouth." Poor soul! and so he must deny himself the luxury of delicious fruit, that he might masticate a filthy weed, which we put around our squash vines to keep off the bugs. But some one may reply, that men who chew tobacco eat apples and other fine fruits at certain times. I am aware of that fact, but I am equally con- vinced that those luscious fruits never afford to organs of taste, whose sensibilities have been blunted by narcotics, that exquisite pleasure they afford to a healthy palate. A personal friend of mine, in the county of Essex, Mas- sachusetts, who was an early and devoted friend of temperance, 24 THE LAW AND TENDENCIES OF once related to me an anecdote which may serve to illustrate the truth I am laboring to enforce. That friend is a clergy- man ; and having, as 1 wish, for the sake of their health, every clergyman had, a love for horticulture, he had surrounded his house, and stocked his yards, which were of ample dimensions, with choice fruit trees. In the season of them, he can set before his friends almost every variety of choice fruits; and, with a spirit of generosity and benevolence quite characteristic of the man, he seems to take great pleasure in doing so. At a time when many varieties of fine fruits were in their highe 3t state of perfection, a friend from Boston visited him. He was a man of talent, education, and of the most respectable con- nections. He had, however, unfortunately formed an appetite for unnatural stimulants, and impaired the tone of his stomach by their use. My friend invited him to walk in his fruit yards; and, culling from the bending boughs the finest specimens of pears, peaches, grapes, &c, and accompanying their bestow- ment with such descriptions of their origin and peculiarities as none but an enthusiast in the science of horticulture could give, he passed them into the hands of his Boston friend, not doubting but he was affording him a rich treat. He, however, at length discovered that the fruits, instead of being eaten, were accumulating in the hands of his friend ; and, in a tone which almost conveyed reproof, he exclaimed, " My dear sir, do eat them, and eat them freely ; they are fully ripe, and can hurt no one ; and I have an abundance of them." The unfortunate man looked him up in the face, as my friend in- formed me, and with the most lugubrious expression imaginable, replied, " My dear friend, I am sensible of your kindness; but do you not think such things are rather cold for the stomach 1" Poor man ! he had scorched the coats of his stomach with the fiery products of the still until he had no relish for the most luscious fruits which God has given for our sustenance and enjoyment. " Rather cold for the stomach ! " Mr. Pres- ident, you and I, with palates and stomachs uncursed by alcohol, will net complain of the coldness of delicious ARTIFICIAL APPETITES. 25 peaches, or a basket of grapes, whose purple jackets are bursting from the pressure of the rich juices they contain. I cannot but hope, Mr. President, and ladies and gentle- men, that the time is not far distant when mankind will unitedly come to the conclusion that our merciful and all-wise heavenly Father knew better than we can possibly know how many appetites it were best for human beings to possess, and no longer be guilty of the folly of manufacturing a number of new ones, in the gratification of which we render ourselves disgusting to others, while we ourselves are reduced by them to a bondage worse than Egyptian. Let us all be assured that in the temperate indulgence of natural appetites we shall not only secure the most perfect action of our intellects and social affections, but that we shall thereby secure the greatest amount even of animal enjoyment. Mr. President, and ladies and gentlemen, I must conclude this too lengthy discourse by expressing to you my thanks for your patient and respectful attention. THE WARFARE OF THE TRAFFIC IN INTOXI- CATING DRINKS ON ALL USEFUL TRADES AND OCCUPATIONS. A DISCOURSE DELIVERED AT BLOOMFIELD, CONNECTICUT, DECEMBER 29, 1848. REPORTED PHOTOGRAPHICALLY, BY H. E. ROCKWELL. Mr. Chairman, and Ladies and Gentlemen : — While pretty strenuous efforts are being made by the friends of temperance, in almost every section of our state and coun- try, to bring to an end that pernicious and destructive system of things, which has produced all the drunkenness, and a large portion of the poverty and wretchedness, we see around us, we ought not to consider it at all remarkable, or extraordinary, that those whose business, habits, or inclinations lead them to desire the continuance of that system, should be found casting about them for something in the shape of argument, or reason, by which to sustain themselves in the course they pursue. To be sure, it requires considerable courage and assurance, if nothing worse, to look up, and employ arguments against a blessed en- terprise which has healed thousands of broken hearts, and car- ried peace, and plenty, and joy, to thousands of once wretched homes. But the case is a desperate one, and desperate efforts must be made, or the adored Diana would crumble before them. As their feeble objections, and contemptibile argu- ments, have been successively knocked on the head with the the warfare of the rum traffic. 27 sledge-hammer of truth, it has been amazingly interesting to witness their zeal to get up something new. Sometimes failing to do this, they are compelled to galvanize into a brief exist- ence some old and exploded affair, which, having been riddled through and through by the shafts of truth, we had hoped might have been permitted to enjoy an undisturbed repose. The last resurrection of that character, with which I have become acquainted, is of that old argument, that, by the course we are pursuing, we are making unwarrantable encroachments on the rights of our fellow-citizens; that we are meddling with what does not concern us, and embarrassing and perse- cuting those who are quietly and properly minding their own business. It is very amusing to see the rum-sellers of Connec- ticut laboring so industriously to place themselves in the atti- tude of persecuted individuals, and almost enough to draw tears from granite, to listen to their pathetic appeals for public sympathy. The language of a distinguished comic poet of England would not be out of place in their mouths — " Pity the lifted whites of both my eyes." Sir, the traffickers in intoxicating drinks are the last men who ought to complain of persecution. The system which they are laboring to sustain, and by which they are getting, and still hope to get gain, is at this moment waging a direct and inces- sant warfare upon every useful trade, occupation, and profession in the state of Connecticut. They themselves live, not by a legitimate business, which returns to society an equivalent for the goods or money they extract from it and employ for the sustenance of their useless lives, but, on the contrary, as they grow rich, others around them, to a still greater extent, must grow poor; for the article with which they supply their cus- tomers, not only does them no good, but positive evil, unfitting them for the discharge of their duties to God, their families, and society at large. As a poisonous mushroom grows most luxuriantly when it sprouts from a heap of decaying vege- tables, so a rum-seller fattens and thrives in exact proportion 28 the warfare of the rum traffic to the decay and rottenness of society around him. I have said that the manufacture and sale of intoxicating drinks, and the system against which we are warring — and by the system, [ mean all the parts, tools, and appurtenances of the drunkard- making business, as linked together, between the mouth of the still and the stomach of the drunkard — this system, I repeat, is waging a direct war with every useful branch of business car- ried on in this community. If there is a man in Bloomfield who finds, on careful examination, that his particular business is not in some way injured by the rum traffic, then I advise that gentleman to get out of his business as quickly as possible; for no further evidence is needed that it is a vile and useless business, which ought not to employ the time and labor of any man. Sir, let us look at this matter a little in detail; for the subject is worthy of particular attention, if the position I have taken be a sound one ; and if it be not, an examination of the sub- ject in detail may show me and this audience my error. All useful trades and occupations among men, if properly followed, may exist in the same community without clashing or collision, while many of them sustain a truly fraternal rela- tionship to each other. The wagon-maker, for instance---- {Laughter, and some sensation in the immediate vicinity of the speaker.) I am inclined to the opinion, Mr. President, from certain indications, that I have some of that class of tradesmen near me. If so, they can understand my argument. Sir, while the wagon-maker — the worker in wood I now refer to—while he is shaping and putting together the various parts which enter into the construction of a wagon, he is thinking only of executing a valuable piece of work, and receiving for it a valuable consideration; and yet he is doing service to his neighbors. When he has finished his work, the wagon must be ironed; and the blacksmith now gets a good job. He also, while performing his part of the labor, is intent mainly on doing a good piece of work, and receiving for it a valuable consideration ; but he, in turn, is preparing work for another; ON useful occupations. 29 for now the wagon must be painted. The painter takes his turn; and before the horse can be attached to it, the har- ness-maker comes in for his share of the labor and the profits. Thus it is, to a greater or less extent, with all useful trades and occupations; they are brothers, and work together harmo- niously. But let us see. Does the grog-seller sustain a legiti- mate relationship to this family of brothers ? By no means. His vocation is a perfect Ishrnaelite. Its hand is against every man, and every man's hand should be against it. Mr. Chairman, there are now in New England many pleas- ant villages where there vas not a human dwelling fifteen years ago. Where good water power is discovered, villages start up as if by magic. Now, sir, I have enjoyed the oppor- tunity of watching the growth of some of them, from the time when a dam was first thrown across a previously neglected stream, until a beautiful village occupied acres of its banks. I have said the dam is first thrown across; then a factory and workshops go up, with a few boarding-houses for the accommo- dation of the " help ;" and thus the work goes on. Presently some shrewd carpenter will say to himself, " There must, from the course matters are taking, be a good deal of building done here within the next ten years; and I will be on the ground in season." Sir, he buys a lot, and builds him a workshop, and his neighbors — the few whom he calls such — are pleased that a carpenter ' is so near them. Next comes a blacksmith; and the sound of his hammer, and the cheerful sparks as they stream up from his chimney top, during the long winter evenings, gladden both the ears and the eyes of his neighbors. Now, sir, does the fact that a blacksmith has established himself in the village afford matter of alarm to the carpenter ? Not at all. Here is no clashing of interests. Next comes the cabinet-maker; and still all is peace, although the village is rapidly increasing in population, trade, and conse- quence. The tinman and stove-dealer, the dry goods mer- chant, the shoemaker, and the grocer, rapidly succeed each other; and yet there is no clashing of interests. These trades 3* 30 the warfare of the rum traffic and occupations are all brethren. At length, in an evil hour, some individual fancies that the new village would be a capital place for a liquor shop, and proceeds to erect one, and furnish it with the usual assortment; and now, sir, it may be said as of old, " Satan came also." Pandora's box has been opened, and hell has got breath in that neighborhood. In relation to this last accession to the village business and population, can the same be said, in truth, which we were able to declare concerning the other branches of business I have named ? Will there be peace longer? Is there no clashing of interests now ? Sir, as I have before said, this business will prove a perfect Ishmaelite to every useful occupation in the village and vicinity. But I fancy I hear some one inquire, " Why need the blacksmith, carpenter, tailor, &c, trouble themselves about the dram-shop ? They can keep away from it, and it won't trouble them." But, sir, that is a mistake: though they have nothing to do with the vile establishment, it will have to do with them and their interests. It will turn out men drunk, at ten or eleven o'clock at night, now and then, to howl like hyenas through the street, and disturb the sleep of the villagers. Men, made reckless there by the maddening draught, will drive furiously through the streets at noonday, while the children of the villagers are playing abroad, or on their way to, or return from school, endangering their lives, and creating alarm .and anxiety in the breasts of parents. But, sir, I am wandering from my proper theme. I was to speak of its warfare with their business. * I have, for many years, improved every opportunity, that came in my way, to learn, from men of different occupations, how this vile system we are examining bears on their particu- lar business; and I may therefore be allowed to say, that I feel some confidence in my ability to present the case truthfully and fairly. Let us introduce some of these tradesmen on the stand, and hear what they will say on the subject. Mr. Blacksmith, are you a sufferer by the rum traffic carried on in your community ? ON USEFUL OCCUPATIONS. 31 " Sir, you shall judge when I have stated facts of recent oc- currence. Some days since, finding it necessary to replenish my stock of iron and steel, and not having funds enough in my pocket to pay the purchase money, I sat down in the even- ing, and made out bills against a number of my townsmen, whose accounts had been permitted to run for a considerable time. The next day, I took my horse and started on a collect- ing tour. In many cases, I was successful in getting my money, and in some others, the effort resulted in a failure ; and of this latter class of cases I will' give you a specimen. I called on Mr. Samuel' Swizzle. [^1 laugh.] I did not know but that he was as good as the bank. I knew he did at one time possess considerable property. Well, sir, he could not pay the bill when I presented it; nor could he fix any time when he would pay it. I therefore left him ; and as I was leaving the premises, I cast my eye over his buildings, yards, fences, and fields ; and all things seemed to have grown old, since I was last in that section of the town. I inquired of a neighbor of his, with whom I also had business, relative to his circumstances; and with an ominous shake of the head, he informed me that he is not now supposed to be worth one cent. So I must lose my bill. And whom have I to thank for such a result ? It is not my neighbor the carpenter, nor the cabinet-maker, the tailor, the tinman, the shoemaker, or the schoolmaster. No, sir, it is not all, nor any of these, who have by their influence brought poverty to Swizzle, and loss to me. It is that infernal dram- shop, which stands within half a mile of his door; and which, I am told, he cannot pass without his dram. " That it is which has brought poverty and misery to his fam- ily, and destroyed his ability, as well as his disposition, to pay his honest debts. Sir, is there no hardship in this ? Look at the facts. I have burned up coal, which cost me money ; and I have worked up my iron and steel in his service. I have many a time made my back ache with stooping to put shoes on his old horse's heels; and now, I may whistle for my re- ward. And yet, when I complained of the influence of such 32 THE WARFARE OF THE RUM TRAFFIC establishments, some days since, and expressed my opinion that they ought not to be tolerated, our neighbor, the tavern- keeper, and some of his satellites, replied, that I had better mind my own business ! " Well, Mr. President, what think you of the blacksmith's tes- timony ? I think you must have heard complaints very like his before. But, Mr. Mahogany, what have you to say against the rum traffic ? Does your business suffer from its continuance ? " Suffer ! yes. A few weeks since, the wife of Bill Bloater came to my shop, and ordered a case of drawers of a particu- lar and unusual size, to fill a certain niche in one of the cham- bers of their house. I made it according to order; and, as it was not called for, I dropped a note to the lady, a few days since, informing her that the article was finished, and subject to her order, Well, I received for reply, her husband had decided that the state of their finances forbade such an outlay. Sir, the case of drawers is yet in my shop. Were Bloater to take it, I should never get my pay ; and it is of a size and form not often called for, and the probability is, that it must encumber my shop for years, or I must sell it much below cost. This, to a man of much property and extensive business, might seem a trifle, to be sure; but to a man engaged in busi- ness on a small scale, as I am, and who has to trust to the labor of his own hands for the bread that is to feed his children, such things are a source of embarrassment. " Now, sir, the price of the rum that goes daily down Bill Bloater's neck, in yonder grog-shop, would, if saved for two months, pay for that case of drawers. He would be a healthi- er, more industrious, and more respectable man; his house better furnished, and his wife a happier woman ; and I should be rewarded for the honest labor of my hands. There is but little sale for good furniture, sir, in a community of drunkards; and for the sales made it is hard work to get the money. The money seems all to take a different direction —to the till of the dram-shop, th^ little village hell! " ON USEFUL OCCUPATIONS. 33 Mr. President, what think you of the case of the cabinet- maker ? Has he not made out another case bet'de the case of drawers ? Sir, a few years since, while laboring in the service of the Massachusetts Temperance Union, I had oc- casion to visit the south-eastern portion of the state. The particular place I have forgotten. I accordingly took my seat on the stage box, beside a very intelligent driver ; and, in the course of our journey, we fell into conversation on this sub- ject. " Well," said I, " driver, I have repeatedly asserted that the traffic in strong drink wages a warfare upon all useful trades and occupations in community ; and now please inform me if your occupation be an exception." " I should think you might be sure it was not," said he, " without asking such a question." " But," said I," you understand your own business better than I can be supposed to, and I want to hear your explanations of the matter." He paused for a moment, as if taking breath for an extra effort, and then, with considerable warmth, replied,— " Intemperance is the greatest source of embarrassment which I have to encounter in my business. It is worse than muddy roads, or bad horses; for the mud lasts but a portion of the year, and bad horses I can trade off or give to the crows ; but this curse of rum sticks to us the year round." " Be a little more precise," said I," for I want to know the particular wayg in which you .suffer by it." He resumed : " When my hour comes to leave the city, or rather a little while before, I drive out and pick up my passengers from various parts of the city, that I may be ready to start at the precise moment advertised; and often it happens that just as I am about to start, a fellow comes up and inquires,' Is this the — hie — Bridge — water — stage?' 'Yes.' Well,I'd like — to — liketo—hie — takearide — hie — with ye.' Now, sir, what can I do in such a case ? I do not wish to carry men in that condition. It does not pay cost. But I know that man, perhaps ; I know his family; and I know that if he does not reach his home when expected, his wife, and perhaps his children, will pass a sleepless night on account 34 THE WARFARE OF THE RUM TRAFFIC of the absence of that husband and father. They will be filled with deep anxiety, and, to save that family a night of painful suspense and watchfulness, and to save him, perhaps, from the disgrace of a night in the watch-house, or a death in the street,! undertake to get him home. To put him into the coach in com- pany with ladies and gentlemen will not answer, and so I take him on outside, if I can get him up. There he is a source of continual vexation. To keep him from tumbling off, often requires much care ; and where there is no particular danger of that, he will be almost constantly whistling or screaming at my horses, even while I am endeavoring to guide them safely and slowly down some steep hill, or over a rough and dangerous part of the road. Not long since, I was thus plagued with an intoxicated man, whom I was trying to con- vey to his home in Plymouth county. All my scolding and threats would scarcely keep him quiet for three minutes at a time. At length, however, he bent his drunken head and shoulders over the iron railing which surrounds the top of the coach : he was sitting on the upper seat, and I began to comfort myself with the notion that I should have no further trouble with him. But I was mistaken. True, he kept quiet until we reached the place where he was to stop, and then I dis- covered what had happened during his period of quietness. He had, in reclining on the top of the coach, thrust his elbow through the cover of a bandbox, which contained a new and costly bonnet, and, over the last few miles of our ride, at every jolt, that elbow was grinding the beautiful bonnet to shreds. It was completely spoiled. I saw at once what must be done. I made the lady who owned the bonnet acquainted with the disaster, inquired its price, and paid over my hard- earned money to repair the damages done by that drunken booby. The grog-seller in the city had made his shilling, per- haps, by setting the cause in operation. It cost me much vexa- tion and more than five dollars cash to repair the damages." " Well driver," said I, " when I charge the rum traffic with waging a warfare on all useful occupations, I shall make no exception of your business." ON USEFUL OCCUPATIONS. 35 ^ Mr. President, go and converse with the barber, whose ser- vices we sometimes find quite necessary, and he will tell you that, even in his humble occupation, he is made to feel the evil effects of this system. Some persons, he will inform you, occasionally throw themselves into his chair, and present him such a piece of work to perform as is absolutely appalling; that he had rather shave three smooth-faced men, or those whose faces had been rendered unsmooth by the hand of time, than a face covered with toddy-blossoms — a countenance all on fire, kindled by the flame that is burning within — one that perfectly answers the description of Bardolph's by Fal- staff, " an everlasting bonfire," and he will tell you that the odor from the lungs of a drunkard bears but a very slight resemblance to that of a rose. I repeat, that every man in community engaged in any honest business, from him who occupies the sacred desk to the lad who blacks our boots in the hotel, has abundant occasion to execrate this system. The former would tell you that strong drink hardens the hearts of men, and renders them callous to good impressions; and the last will complain that men who have business on both sides of the street dirty their boots much worse than sober men. Yet we must not complain ! But, Mr. President, allow me to direct your attention, and that of my fellow-citizens before me, to the operation of this system on the business of the medical profession. And, sir, on that subject I can speak feelingly, for I spent eleven years of my life in the practice of that profession, and during that period I was many times made to feel, and keenly feel, the cruelty and injustice of the system, to the annihilation of which I would direct the efforts of my countrymen. Many men, who were the slaves of the rum-seller and their own unnatural appetites,I was compelled to serve, without reward, by day and by night, in storm and fair weather, for six or seven years. I say com- pelled, for a physician may not refuse, as may other men, if they be not rewarded. The merchant, farmer, or mechanic may refuse to give a drunkard credit for the goods he 36 THE WARFARE OF THE RUM TRAFFIC may wish to purchase, but it will not do for the physician to refuse to attend his family, if they be sick, though he may not have the slightest prospect of reward. If his own human- ity did not compel him, public opinion would. Yes, sir, we must go and serve the sick wife or child of the drunkard, when the call comes, although we know, before we take one step, that we shall never receive one cent for the service of past years, or that which we are now called upon to perform ; and I can assure my auditors that I have often been made to feel any thing but amiable by the pressure of such a dire necessity. Often, when worn and wearied by professional labor, anxiety, and long watchings in the sick room, and when it would seem almost impossible to keep my eyes open for another hour, when I would cheerfully have given a five dollar bill for assurance of a quiet night's sleep, 1 have thrown myself down on my couch, and, just as I was going off into a comfortable oblivion of thought and care, I have been aroused by the rap, rap, rap on my door,and the " Halloo, doctor! turn out! " Well, sir, I pull my eyes open with a desperate effort, and, but half alive, as it were, find my way to the door. " Halloo here! what is wanted ? " " Why, doctor, I want you to go and see my little boy. He is severely sick, and I am afraid he won't live till morning." " Your boy sick ? Let me see. Who are you ? I do not recognize your voice, and it is so dark I cannot see your person." " Why, doctor, it is Mr. so and so." " Ah, yes, I know you." And, Mr. Chairman, I have more than once uttered, in an under tone, " I know you too well, much better than I could wish." I go, sir, and serve the family; and what is my reward ? The privilege of going again, when there shall come such a night as that in which Tam O'Shanter parted with Souter Johnny and the grog-shop, and, rendered courageous by John Barleycorn, — " Skelpit on, through dub and mire, Despising wind, and rain, and fire,"__ knowing that every cent of money such patrons might receive ON USEFUL OCCUPATIONS. 37 they would be sure to spend at the dram-shop. I have some- times tried to get one of the class to labor for me,—to saw some wood at my door, dress my garden, or assist in securing a crop of hay. How could he refuse ? Sir, he had a way to do it. He would begin to declare how sensible he was of the obligation I had laid him under, how glad he should be to come and help me, &c.; and, sir, by the time he had arrived at that point, I always knew what was coming. He was about to inform me that he was engaged. Such chaps were always " engaged " when I needed their service. Yet they were always ready to work for the rum-seller. They were not engaged when he called. No matter how unpleasant the service he wished them to perform, he had but to whistle, and show them the rum-bottle, and the poor slaves would roll up their ragged sleeves and pitch into it, as the sailors say, " with a will." [Laughter, and an exclamation, " That's afacty] But the man who had been called again and again to watch by the bedside of a poor, feeble, heart-broken, care-worn wife or a sick and suffering child, and administer to their necessities through a long and tedious illness, who for years must wear out carriage, harness, horse, and his own power of endurance, in the service of the public,—when he wants help, such fellows are always " engaged." And yet, sir, we must submit to such vile injustice; and if we lift a finger to remove the causes of it, we must be told " that we had better mind our own business." We must submit to be deprived of the reward of honest and hard service, to have our pockets picked by this infernal system, and yet be denied the poor privilege of complaining. Mr. President, and fellow-citizens, is not that pushing the joke a little too far ? Is it not adding insult to injury ? But, sir, the mischievous influence of the traffic in intoxicating poison is not confined to the classes I have named. Go to a manufacturer, and inquire relative to the influence of a dram- shop or rum-tavern upon the business in which he is engaged, and he will tell you a story of embarrassment in his business, of injury to his workmen and their families, of wrong and 4 38 THE WARFARE OF THE RUM TRAFFIC outrage, which will make your blood boil while you listen. Go, sir, to t'ne hard-working fanner, and he will tell you that not only is he taxed to support paupers, and to secure ana punish criminals, made such by this vile traffic, but that a constant drain is thereby made on his purse and goods in the 1 way of private charities. This traffic surrounds him with the poor and the suffering. He cannot close his eyes to their neces- sities, or shut up his compassion from them. One day a little boy comes in, with downcast look and tattered garments, and informs Mr.-----that " mother wants to get a peck of pota- toes ; that father has been gone from home for two or three days, and their potatoes are quite gone." Now, what is the man to do ? He has really no potatoes to spare. He wouH not sell potatoes for the money, for he thinks he shall not hav* enough to supply his table for the winter and plant his fields in the spring. But what is he to do ? There stands the little sufferer, who may have to go to his bed supperless if the potatoes are denied. He cannot turn the child away empty. I thank God that such inhumanity is not often found among the hard-handed but warm-hearted men who till the soil. The potatoes are sent; and, before the close of the week, a little girl comes to borrow some meal. It is lent, although the good farmer's wife well knows that, in all probability, as much will never be returned. Thus it is and ever must be, sir, where this infamous business is tolerated. The men of the sea com- plain of it. Gentlemen of the highest respectability, sea captains who have spent a large portion of their lives on the water, assure me that more cases of mutiny and insubordina- tion on shipboard have been produced by intoxicating drinks than by all other causes put together. And yet there stands the grog-shop, drawing its support from the pockets of honest, hard-laboring men, and embarrassing every useful and hon- orable business — a regular piratical concern, which has thrust itself into community among useful trades and occupations, got itself acknowledged, for a while, as a decent and laudable business, and reenacted the part of the " lean kine " and the ON USEFUL OCCUPATIONS. 39 " blasted ears " of Pharaoh's dream. With such facts as I have presented staring community in the face on every hand, it is indeed lamentable to observe how exceedingly ignorant many are content to remain of the actual practical influence of the traffic in strong liquors upon the very business in which themselves are engaged. Some few years since, while laboring in the city of Boston, under the joint direction of the state and city temperance societies, and while in consultation with the executive com- mittees of those associations, I heard some one remark that the treasury of the society was almost or quite empty — a common complaint of temperance treasuries, Mr. President. " Well," said I, " gentlemen, give me your subscription book, and proper authority, and I will go abroad to-morrow among your fellow-citizens, and get you some money." " That would be quite too bad," said one gentleman, " to subject you to the necessity of public speaking evenings, and begging during the hours of the day." " Nevertheless, it is honest," I replied, " and I am willing to perform any kind of service for the temperance cause which a man may, and not do violence to his conscience." Perceiving that I was quite in earnest in what I had proposed, they consented, and the book was put into my possession. One gentleman remarked that I should need a list of the names of such as would be likely to aid the object for which I was about to solicit. " Never mind that," I replied ; " I shall find out who are friendly. I intend to take the places of business, on the streets I shall visit, in course, and if I happen to drop in upon those not friendly to the enter- prise, I will endeavor to make them so." Well, sir, the fol- lowing morning I commenced my labor at the head of Wash- ington Street, and I assure you I found some rich pickings during the day. For a few doors, it happened, for my encouragement, that I met only with friends of the cause, who were ready to acknowledge and to discharge their obligations. At length, I called in at a hat store on the corner of Washington Street and Cornhill. With one of my best bows,—and they are 40 THE WARFARE OF THE RUM TRAFFIC not very genteel,—I presented the object of my visit, A very fine-looking young fellow, who seemed to be principal of the establishment, replied, rather coldly, that he was not aware of having any particular interest in the subject, and he had noth- ing to give for the object stated. " What, sir," said I, with an expression of surprise, " did I understand you to say that you were not aware of having any interest in the subject I have presented ? " ^ Yes," he very calmly replied," that was what I said." " Well, sir," said I, " I regret to hear such a remark from you, as it affords me sad evidence that you do not under- stand your own business." That was pushing plainness of speech almost to the edge of impudence, I confess ; but you must jog men's elbows hard, sometimes, before you can set them at thinking. A little heated by my bluntness, he remarked, with most provoking politeness, that if I supposed myself better acquainted with his business than he was himself, he should be most happy to take a few lessons of me. " I have no doubt I do in this matter," I replied, " and, if you please, I will proceed to instruct you forthwith." This I uttered with the utmost serious- ness ; but the seeming impudence of it carried the gentleman quite beyond the point of irritation, and excited his bump of mirthfulness. He laughed in my face. The following dialogue then took place between us. " Sir, you deal in hats, and intend to make a little money on every hat you sell." " Yes." " Whatever sends additional customers to your counter, and increases their ability to purchase, promotes your interest, does it not ? " " Certainly." " Whatever destroys men's ability to purchase, and makes them content to wear old, worn-out hats, does your craft an injury, does it not ?" " Very true." " Well, sir, if you and I were to walk out for an hour or two, through the streets and lanes, and along the wharves of the city, we should see scores of men with old, miserable, slouched hats on their heads — hats which ouwht, years ago, to have been thrown into the dock or the fire. Now, sir, what hinders those men, that they do not condemn the old bead-dress, and walk up to your counter and purchase ON USEFUL OCCUPATIONS. 41 a hat from your excellent and extensive assortment ? " " That," he replied, " is not a difficult question to answer. The men are too poor; they have not the money to spare, I suppose." " Very true, sir. But, if you please, step a little behind their present poverty, and tell me what, in your opinion, made the mass of them so poor that they cannot buy a decent hat; and has so far crushed their self-respect, that they are content to sport old concerns, whose rims have been torn half off, and whose crowns flap up and down as they walk, like the air- valve of a blacksmith's bellows." " Well, I do not----" " Hold ! " I exclaimed; " do not, I beg of you, say you do not know ; but think one minute." He again broke forth in laugh- ter, and at length replied, " Well, sir, if you must have it, I suppose it was the work of rum.'''' " Exactly so, sir. I thought you would see the subject in its right light, with a very little assistance and reflection ; and now, do you not begin to dis- cover, sir, that you made a mistake, when you asserted, a few moments since, that you had no interest in the subject of tem- perance ? There are thousands of poor topers and tipplers in this city, who expend every cent they get, beyond what pur- chases the bread that feeds them, at the dram-shops; and you will never get any patronage from them unless they become sober men. But, sir, let one of them go up to Washingtonian Hall, sign the temperance pledge, take the good counsel which will there be given him, and live up to the principle and prac- tice of total abstinence, and he will not wear the old slouched hat eight weeks. The change in his habits will be discovered by his acquaintances ; and some friend who has known him from a boy here, or who came from the same part of the country, and has observed his downward course with deep regret, will, now that the good work of reformation has begun, feel a strong desire to strengthen his good resolutions, and encourage him in well-doing. If he cannot command means to improve his dress, means will be furnished by some such friend. He will go to some of your excellent clothing stores, and get new gar- ments, and then walk up to your store perhaps, and purchase 4* 42 THE WARFARE OF THE RUM TRAFFIC a new hat. You will put the profit of the trade in your pock- et— gains which you would never have received, but for the temperance efforts of some of your fellow-citizens. And, when I call on you as an humble servant of the cause, and ask you for a trifle to aid in carrying forward the work, you will, perhaps give me the cold shoulder, and tell me you are not aware of having any interest in the subject.'''' Mr. President, feeble as was his assailant, the man was con- quered. He saw the mistake he had made, and his hand found the way to his pocket with amazing rapidity. He handed me a dollar, and remarked, " Sir, I never saw the subject before m the light you have presented it." But why had he failed to do so ? The facts were all before his eyes, as well as mine. Sir, he had not given the subject sufficient consideration to be able to see the direct influence of the traffic and use of strong drinks on the business in which he was engaged. And thus it is, sir, with thousands. They have eyes sharp enough to discover how their business is likely to be affected by tariffs and railroad improvements; by changes in our com- mercial policy, or the state of Europe; by the failure of the crops, or the discovery of gold mines on the other side of the continent. But they do not.see, that a vile system, directly in their midst, a branch of business carried on within a stone's cast of their doors, is taxing them more heavily, and eating larger holes into the very roots of their prosperity, than any other evil which curses community. And it is because the business men of community do not investigate this subject, to learn the bearings of the rum traffic on the particular business in which they are engaged, that I, as an humble advocate of the temperance reform, have felt called upon, of late, to press on the attention of those who have listened to me the particular branch of the subject to which I have invited your attention this evening. I know it may be said, that in the view of the subject I have been laboring to pre- sent, the appeal is not made to men's benevolence, but to their selfishness. Very true. But, nevertheless, if an intelligent ON USEFUL OCCUPATIONS. 43 view of the vile injustice of the liquor traffic, and its injurious effect on the pecuniary interests of men, shall have the effect to direct their efforts against the system of which I complain, until it shall be annihilated, the ends of benevolence and humanity will have been secured. But, sir, to return from this digression to our proper subject. I demand, in the name and behalf of all useful occupations among men, that this nuisance of the rum traffic be abated. There is no place for it in the social system among that brotherhood of trades and branches of business which exist for the supply of our natural wants. What does the grog- seller furnish to the list of valuable commodities ? Sir, he is a producer, beyond dispute. No one will presume to question that he is a manufacturer. But what does he produce ? What is the manufactured article with which he proposes to bless his fellow-men ? It is, when finished, the thing called drunkard. He builds or leases a shop, furnishes it with all necessary apparatus— demijohns, decanters, glasses, and toddy- sticks— with villanous mixtures of various strength and complex- ion, and then commences operations. He takes the raw mate- rial, which he is about to operate upon, from the happy homes of his fellow-citizens, and, after passing it through a variety of op- erations, he turns off the manufactured article, — a drunkard ! Sir, I am not surprised that such manufacturers are ashamed of their work when it is finished. The branch of business they follow is, I believe, the only one carried on in Connecticut which turns off a manufactured article worth less than the raw material. Sir, I repeat that I am not surprised they are ashamed of their work —that they do not wish the credit of the job. The blacksmith takes a bar of iron, heats it at his forge, and, upon his anvil, gives it another form, and we have a horseshoe. The shoe is, when finished, worth more than the iron of which it was made. That man need not be ashamed of his work. So the shoemaker takes into his hands some bits of leather, and, employing his skill upon them, he, in a short time, turns you off a pair of shoes or boots—articles 44 THE WARFARE OF THE RUM TRAFFIC worth much more than the raw material of which they were fashioned. So with every useful trade. The cotton cloth which is brought from the mill is worth much more than the cotton when carried there in the bale. Not so with cer- tain other manufacturing establishments of Bloomfield. The raw material is rendered less valuable at every successive step in the process of transformation ; and when their work is done, as I have before hinted, they are ashamed of it. Go into a village in which there are but two grog-selling establish- ments, all told, and if you shall find a man drunk in the public streets, it is not one time in ten that you can find a citizen who will acknowledge he sold him the liquor. Go to Mr. Rum-seller No. 1, and ask, " Sir, have you furnished Mr. A. B., who lies out here by the street side, with strong drink to-day ? " He will answer in the negative. Point his neigh- bor, Grog-seller No. 2, to the prostrate form of that fellow- being, and ask if that be a specimen of his handicraft, and he will declare to you, perhaps, that the individual has not been to his place of business for a week. And yet you know that the man must have obtained the poison at one of those establishments. There are no others of the kind in the village. The man came in sober, and you know he did not bring rum with him, for if he had, he would have been drunk when he reached the village. Here now has been a piece of work done which none will acknowledge. Nor can we wonder Nineteen times in twenty, the men who will now engage in a business producing such results will speak falsely in relation to any matter connected with it, if the utterance of truth might subject them to censure or punishment. How different is the course pursued by men who are engaged in useful and honest employments! I have noticed that most of our man- ufacturers seem quite proud of their work. They send out their goods with their own proper name attached to them. They label, number, and box them up in good style ; and you may generally learn, by looking at a package of goods in Chicago or St. Louis, at which of our New England villages they were ON USEFUL OCCUPATIONS. 45 produced, and even the particular name of the manufacturer. But, sir, our rum-sellers do not mark their goods ; they — O, I am wrong — they do put their mark on them, but do not add their names. They label their goods so that they are easily distinguishable from all others; but they do not box them up for the market, for they are not salable commodities. Their goods are boxed up, but it is done at the public expense. Some of the results of their labor and skill you will find in the jails; some in the state prisons; some in our almshouses and hospitals ; and some in smaller boxes, which are im- mediately deposited in the earth ; and, sir, community has to pay for the boxing—every nail and every screw. They make their gains by spoiling the raw material, and not by improve- ments made upon it. Whenever I could do so, consistently with other engagements, I have been present at the Mechanics' Fairs in Boston and in New York, for it affords me great pleasure to witness the prog- ress of the mechanic arts, and to obtain the evidence which such occasions furnish of the increasing skill and ingenuity of my countrymen. I walk through the halls of exhibition with great pleasure, and I see almost every class of manufacturers there, with specimens of their goods, their work ; and with evident pride they arrange them before the judges, and demand a premium. But, sir, among all classes who have thus pre- sented the products of their labor and skill, and demanded premiums, I have never met there a drunkard-maker; anrl yet, sir, a grog-seller could undoubtedly bring in some pretty strongly-marked specimens — some which, I doubt not, would attract more attention than any patent corn-sheller or shingle machine which has appeared at the Fairs for the last ten years. But, sir, they do not take their work to the Fair, and for the best of reasons : they spoil tbe raw material; and 0, sir, what a material to spoil! If it were iron, wood, leather, cotton, or any other material which has no feeling, no intelligence, no gentle affection, no soul, or responsibilities, we could more easily forgive them for the wrong they are doing; but they 46 WARFARE OF THE RUM TRAFFIC. take our young men, the hope and pride of their parents, the expectation and glory of the state, immortal beings, made in the image of God, and gifted with wonderful powers, and, after passing them through a variety of operations and in- fluences, they turn them out poor, miserable, filthy, drivelling drunkards. They see the mischief and misery they are pro- ducing, and yet they go on as if they were blessing their fellow- men. But, sir, I must draw these remarks to a close, for I perceive the evening is far spent. The view of the subject I have presented is not, by any means, the highest we should take of this great question now at issue between the friends of temperance and those who oppose their influence. The direct effects of the baneful system I am condemning is to disease the bodies, debase the intellects, deprave the morals, alienate or crush the social affections, and finally destroy the lives and souls of men ; and these results have claims on our considera- tion infinitely stronger than any matter of dollars and cents ; and yet no view of this giant curse of our country would be complete, as it seems to me, which did not embrace the war- fare of the traffic in intoxicating drinks on useful trades and occupations, and the palpable violation of the eternal princi- ples of right and justice involved in its continuance. God grant that, by such instrumentalities as it may please him to employ and to bless, thst traffic may speedily be brought to a perpetual end. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE'EVIL OF INTEM- PERANCE, AS SEEN IN ITS EFFECTS ON COMMUNITIES, STATES, AND NATIONS. A DISCOURSE DELIVERED AT MANCHESTER, CONNECTICUT, DECEMBER 31, 1848. REPORTED PHOTOGRAPHICALLY, BY H. E. ROCKWELL. Mr. President, and Ladies and Gentlemen: — Those who are engaged in the traffic in intoxicating drinks, and many others, who, with them, labor to sustain and perpet- uate it, often complain that the friends of temperance, in their efforts to promote the enterprise in which they are engaged, misrepresent the character of that traffic ; that they do not keep themselves within the bounds of truth, but make exag- gerated statements ; and that, in their denunciations of the traffic, they use language unwarrantably harsh, &c. That individuals have, in connection with this subject, as well as all others, sometimes uttered what was not strictly true, or war- ranted by the facts in the case, I have no doubt; but the very nature of the subject will, as it seems to me, forever preclude the possibility of any very grievous error, on our part, of the character complained of. When we have thoroughly explored the language used among us, grouped together its strongest terms, and, with all the ingenuity and skill with which any man ever employed language, have endeavored to express the injustice and vileness of that traffic, and to describe the hor- 48 CHARACTERISTICS of the rible results of it on all the great interests of society and man, we shall have fallen infinitely below the reality. All we can hope to do is, from time to time, to present particular aspects of this giant curse of the world — to roll it round, as it were, and present to the gaze of an injured and suffering community one of its phases to-day, another to-morrow, and so on. It is only by looking at detached portions or particular points of this Aceldama that we shall ever be able to form any tolerable estimate of the dreadful whole. We can make no approach to a proper understanding of the subject in any other way. It was never given to mortal man to take in at one view all the features of this terrible curse. An angel from heaven could not do it. The most exalted of created beings, if on earth, and permitted to see all that might be seen in connection with the curse of intemperance, could not, with the exercise of his angelic powers, portray to the mind all which should be added to make the picture complete. The infinite mind and eternity can alone unfold the whole truth. Nor would it be desirable to give utterance to the whole truth, did we possess the power ; for if such portions of it as we may and can pre- sent will not excite men to detest and abhor the system which produces such havoc with whatever is sacred or dear to our race, we may well despair of moving them by any considerations drawn from heaven, earth, or hell. I would not, if I possessed the power, present to the minds of those whom I now address a full view of all the results of the rum traffic which have occurred in this town of Manchester for the last twenty years. It would subject many of those before me to absolute torture. It would overwhelm their sensibilities, and drive them to madness. And yet we are charged with exaggeration, with presenting a distorted view of the subject. But, sir, so far from the truth are such charges, that, for one, I confess that I am often sur- prised that men can talk so coolly in relation to the matter, and that they can content themselves with such meagre and imper- fect views of the subject as many seem to entertain. Why is it that the mass of the citizens of this town remain so uncon- EVIL OF INTEMPERANCE. 49 cerned and inactive in relation to this subject ? I believe that it is because they have formed, as yet, no just conception of the magnitude of the evil; and I have little hope of being able to induce many of your citizens to take hold of the work of reform in earnest, unless we can succeed in impressing their minds with sounder views of the subject. You cannot pur- suade a sane and sensible man to wield a, sledge-hammer of twenty pounds' weight to knock in the head a mouse which may have been caught in his cupboard. Put such an instru- ment in his hand, for such a purpose, and he will laugh at your folly. But let him be placed in a room beside a sleeping but unchained tiger, and let him distinctly understand that there is no safety for him but in the destruction of the animal, and he will not think your sledge-hammer too heavy. On the contrary, he will concentrate whatever physical power he may possess in a single blow, and when the sledge shall come in con- tact with the head of the beast, it will not be surprising if it should disturb, at once, his slumbers and his recollection of past events. Employ an individual to pump the water out of your well, if you shall find it necessary to do so, and contract to pay him a dollar a day and his board; and, although he may toil through the day, it is doubtful whether, at any particular time, he will move the pump break so rapidly that you shall be unable to count the strokes, and you may even have cause to think him a little waiting in energy. Now, put that same individual on board a ship, and let him be informed by the officers that the ship has sprung a leak, and is fast settling into the water, and that, if they succeed in keeping her afloat for a certain length of time, they may be able, by the help of their sails, to reach the shore, and that otherwise they must all go to the bottom together; — under such circumstances, station that man at the pump, and, though he be, by nature, the most lazy fellow in Manchester, he will work, and that with energy. He will move that pump brake as though he was working by the job. And this is natural enough. Men do not put forth all their powers to obtain what they esteem^***-1^|^ !|i^;af.tage, or tc 5 /& 50 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE avoid some slight evil. Their efforts generally bear proportion to their estimate of the good to be obtained, or the evil to be avoided. Hence the feeble efforts put forth by many who profess at- tachment to the temperance cause ; and hence their readiness to discontinue their efforts, Whenever difficulties or obstacles present themselves. When such men as Edwards, Sargent, and Pierpont, who have investigated this subject carefully and thoroughly, give utterance to their convictions of the truth concerning it, you are startled, and sometimes half inclined to conclude that a generous enthusiasm carries such men into the region of ex- travagance, and that they draw largely on their imagination, when they are merely stating the result of their actual investi- gations, and the conclusion which sound logic has drawn from the facts before them. I shall not soon forget the astonishment depicted in many countenances, when John Pierpont uttered, before a congregation of the people of Worcester, the follow- ing great truth: " Fellow-citizens, there must be no com- promise with this dreadful enemy. We must kill it, or it will kill some of us, or our dear children." This was uttered, to be sure, in the most impressive manner imaginable. But what was there in the sentiment to excite surprise in any individual who had studied the subject, or had his eyes fully open to see what was passing in the world around him ? Absolutely nothing. When lived there a generation of men, in any civilized land under heaven, of which a very considerable portion was not, by the system we are considering, doomed to all the miseries of a drunkard's life, and to all the hopelessness and infamy of a drunkard's death ? It will be found a difficult matter, I ap- prehend, to put a man to sleep over this evil who has taken its gauge and dimensions. Hence, in my public discourses, and with my pen, I have enjoined it upon those I have labored to enlist in the temperance enterprise, not only to observe close- ly the practical workings of the rum traffic in their particular EVIL OF INTEMPERANCE. 51 communities, and to reflect long and earnestly upon them, but also to read much on the subject, and thus enlarge and correct their own views of it, and be better prepared to perform intel- ' ligently and energetically the duties which may devolve upon them in connection with it. But I am devoting too large a portion of our time to preliminaries, and will hasten to the con- sideration of the subject I have selected for this evening's dis- course — the characteristics of the evil of intemperance, or those features which distinguish it from other evils afflicting com- munity, and which may claim for it the appellation of the giant curse of the civilized world ! The curse of intemperance ivas peculiar in its origin. Af- ter God had cleansed the earth from its pollution by the deluge, drunkenness was the first sin committed, of which we have account in the sacred record. The part which Satan had acted before the flood, the intoxicating cup reenacted afterward ; which very naturally suggests a relationship between those two agencies. For myself, I believe they are much nearer related than second cousins. They are both insidious in their attacks — obtain their influence over men by large promises of good— while they bestow evils incalculable. They have both prom- ised to make men like gods, by large accessions to their wis- dom ; and yet both have taught us only evil. If I were disposed to run the parallel further, I might sug- gest, that the animal into whom Satan originally entered, for the purpose of accomplishing his work of death, bears, in some of his attitudes, a striking resemblance to the worm of the still. I will not, however, waste our time, and exhaust your patience by further speculations in that line , remarking, merely, before we take our leave of this topic, that, in my opinion, the history of the first vineyard and its products is eminently calculated to afford mankind more instruction than they seem to have derived from it. With my view of the subject, I would as soon plant my acres with nice cuttings of the Bohon Upas, as with the vine, if the products of my vineyard were to be employed in the production of fermented wines. May God, in great mercy, 52 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE send blasting and mildew on the products of every acre of American soil, which shall be devoted to the production of in- toxicating wines, to be employed as a beverage by our country- men. O, let them cultivate, at great expense, if they will, thorns and thistles, briers and brambles ; and let the thick growth of these, with all noxious and hurtful weeds, be the chosen home of asps and scorpions, of vipers, tarantulas, and the dead- ly rattlesnake ; and then send your children to it as a play- ground, rather than train them to the habit of lifting the intox- icating cup, which has cursed the earth with drunkenness and its woes since the days of Noah, and which will continue to curse it while the fiery products of the still, or fermented and intoxicating wines, shall be used as a beverage by our fellow-men. Another striking peculiarity of the evil of intemperance, is its universality. Visit any portion of the civilized world, and inquire after the causes of poverty, degradation, and crime, and you will find the employment of unnatural stimulants to be among the earliest and most fruitful. Opium, arrack, and vile drugs, with the names of which I am not familiar, constitute the giant curse of China, whose civilization is of rather a questionable character. The various kinds of distilled spirits, and that vile compound, ale, or strong beer, is a heavier curse to England than her national debt; and whiskey has proved a worse poison to Ireland than English rule. Not a nation in Europe but is groaning under the curse imposed by the fermenting vat and the still. If we withdraw our gaze from the old world, and fix it on the new, we see, in every part of our continent, the ravages of this terrible destroyer., As no civilized land escapes this plague, so no part of any land escapes. Other evils which at times afflict us sorely are confined to particular portions of the country. While pesti- lence or storms, drought or frost, or such a failure of the crops from any cause as shall produce famine, are generally confined to particular sections, or portions of the land, the EVIL OF INTEMPERANCE. 53 curse of intemperance claims every acre as its own. East, west, north, and south, must each contribute to swell the cata- logue of its victims and the history of its woes. Storms may baffle the skill or defy the power of our sea- men, and make sad havoc with our commerce ; but while the noble ship is going to pieces on the rocks of our hard New England coast, and men and merchandise are by every surge consigned to destruction, the good people, ten miles in the in- terior, are, it may be, sleeping in safety in their beds, or pursu- ing, without interruption, their ordinary avocations. The storm does not assail their immediate interests, or threaten their lives. But this curse of intemperance scatters its wrecks as well over the interior as on the coast. The dreaded cholera may spread consternation and death over one part of our land, while other portions are permitted to escape ; but the curse of strong drink, more fatal and terrible than cholera, leaves no nook or cor- ner uncursed by its visitations. Again, most other evils, even those which claim and receive much consideration, are in their results confined to one or more of the interests of society ; while the curse of intemperance lays its hand on them all. Frost may cut off the hopes of the farmer, while his neighbor, the manufacturer, who sends the largest part of his goods, and draws most of his supplies, from some distant market, does not materially suffer ; and drought, while it may injure agriculture, and, if long continued, reach the manufacturing interest, cannot directly reach commerce. The good ship, on her way across the ocean, does not lack for water, though not enough has fallen on shore to refresh the thirsty earth, or move the wheels of the manufacturer. The educational interests are not immediately affected by the drought, nor is domestic happiness, or the public morals. None of these, however, escape the awful scourge of intemperance. Yet men, who can with deep interest read column after col- umn of our public journals, filled with accounts of the effects of droughts, frost, or storms, will throw clown, with exclamations of anger or disgust, a paper which shall have half as much 5* 54 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE space in its columns devoted to the consideration of this uni versal, all-pervading curse. Why is this ? Evidently because such individuals do not properly estimate the relative im- portance of those different matters which are, from time to time, pressed on their attention. Before taking leave of this branch of our subject, I must be allowed briefly to reply to an objection which has frequently been urged against the view I have just presented. " How can it be possible," says the objector, " that so small a matter as the choice of our beverages can affect all the interests of society ? " " You make too much of a glass of gin," said one individual to me, a short time since. And he added, " To attrib- ute to causes so slight such widely extended and terrible results is unphilosophical." So it must undoubtedly appear to those who will not take time to reflect upon the subject. Before, however, we can measure or estimate the potency of any cause, whether to produce good or evil, we must know how or through what channel it is to operate, or what is the nature of the material on which its power is to be exerted. A spark of fire will be powerless if dropped into the ocean; but let it fall into the powder magazine of a man-of-war and its results will be of a character not to be sneered at. A half pint of brandy, if poured on the deck of a vessel, will do no harm, out place it in the stomach of the man who holds the helm, and it may send that vessel on the rocks, and every soul on board into eternity, in an hour. I some time since employed, in one of my discourses on this subject, an illustration which, though quite homely, served my purpose to convey more clearly than I had otherwise been able to do, my view of this particular subject. I said, we will think of a community, for a moment, as a great wheel, of which man is the- hub or central point, and the various interests of society so many spokes, united to and emanating from the cen- tre or hub. Each individual present may, for the moment, fancy himself at the very centre of the social machinery, and, with a sort of propriety, declare that all its interests exist for him. Agriculture exists for me, to supply me with food ; the man- EVIL OF INTEMPERANCE. 55 ufacturing interests have been originated, and thus far per- fected, for my benefit or accommodation — to supply me with shelter, clothing, and implements wherewith to labor. They put a hat on my head, and shoes on my feet; they provide me a watch, a pocket-knife, and a pencil, with a thousand other conveniences. Commerce exists for me ; and although I may not, in the popular sense, own stock in that noble ship which is speeding her way across the ocean, yet, in another and impor- tant sense, I have an interest in that ship. She is going on a voyage for me ; to bring to my table the fruits of the tropics, perhaps, and thus increase the variety and richness of my food, or otherwise to contribute to my means of enjoyment or improvement. I repeat, then, individual man may be con- sidered as the very hub of the wheel, and the various interests of society as its spokes, while that connection, more or less direct, which all the interests of society sustain to each other, constitute the rim of our wheel, and complete the social fab- ric. Man being the hub, there shoots forth in this direction one important spoke : and what is that ? Agriculture. Here is another — the manufacturing interests. The third in the circle may be the commercial interests, if you. please ; the fourth, the educational interests ; the fifth, the religious interest of men ; the sixth, the social relations growing out of the social affections ; and so on. These all have a connection with each other, more or less direct; and this connection shall, if you please, put on the rim of our wheel, and complete the circle. Now, the point to which I wish particularly to direct your attention, is the different ways in which injurious influences affect the great social wheel or circle, of which man is the centre. Most of those evils reach man by first attack- ing one of his interests. Frost may affect the farmer inju- riously. But consider how. While it is destroying his crops, he is quietly sleeping in his bed. It does not directly attack his person, his body, his intellect, or his social affections. It reaches him through one of his interests. It comes in to hirn at the centre, from without, and through the agricultural spoke. 56 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE The man who owns stock in some vessel may be severely injured by a storm ; and yet it does not beat on him. He is sitting secure by his own hearth, perhaps, while that noble ship, containing his treasures, is going to pieces on the rocks. He feels not, at once, the injurious influence, and it may be a week or two before he learns that he has been injured by the storm. At length, however, he is made unhappy by the in- fluence of that storm. It reaches him through the commercial spoke of the great social wheel. Thus it is that most of the .evils which afflict us reach us from without, through the channel of some single interest; and such evils may be endured, because they do riot directly assail all our hopes at once. The farmer, who has lost his corn crop by an early frost, has not had his social affections frozen. His attachment to wife, children, and friends has not lessened or loosened. His children will not be hindered from going to school to-day by the frost of last night; nor will he be prevented, on the morrow, from going to the house of God with his Christian friends, and, with acceptance and delight, engaging in the worship of his Father in heaven. The evil is tolerable, for it has struck but one spoke of the wheel. Look now, for a moment, at the giant curse of the world. How does it reach those most injuriously affected by it ? Does it come in from without, toward the centre — man? No,sir : on the contrary, it lays its hand at once on man, standing there at the centre of that circle of interests, the very hub of the wheel, and, by diseasing his body, clouding his intellect, alienating or crushing his social affections, and depraving his moral nature, it loosens and deranges every spoke in the wheel. Agriculture, commerce, the manufacturing interest, education, religion, and- social happiness, all feel the blow; for these depend not mainly, for their perfection, on the state of the weather, or other external circumstances, but rather on the healthy condition of the powers, faculties, and affections of men. Mr. President, we may learn a little wisdom as to the reh EVIL OF INTEMPERANCE. 57 ative importance of injurious influences, which attack the surface of things, as it were, or a central point of influence and power, by turning our eyes in almost any direction, and with a few moments' observation and reflection. It is a less evil to the country if the postmaster of this town be a vile man, than if the postmaster-general be a rogue or a dunce; for the latter stands at the centre of an extensive circle. It is a greater calamity if the engine or a main shaft of a steam- boat shall give way, when she is running close on a lee shore, than if she break a float from one of her paddle wheels. Go to the shop of a wheelwright or carriage-maker, and you may see some good farmer roll into his door a wheel, and inquire, with considerable interest, whether it be possible so to repair it as that it may yet be serviceable. The mechanic will apply his hammer to it, and find, perhaps, two or three of the spokes broken, or a piece of the felloe defective. Yet he is not discouraged; and to the question, whether the wheel can be restored to usefulness, he answers in the affirmative. At length, however, he is moved to test the soundness of another essential part; and, as the result of his examination, he turns away, with the exclamation, " It is of no use to attempt to do any thing with it." " What is the matter now ? " inquires the farmer. " Why, sir, in addition to broken spokes and a defective felloe, the hub is rotten.'''' So, sir, it is with the great wheel of society. We can make shift to get on tolera- bly well, though frost and fire, drought and storm, shall, from time to time, attack and seriously injure some of its parts or segments of the circle ; but the curse of intemperance rots the hub. It enfeebles the physical, intellectual, and moral powers of men, on the healthy condition and proper exercise of which, with the blessing of God, the preservation of all that is valuable in human society depends. And this brings me to the consideration of another peculiarity of that great evil we are considering. The curse of intemperance not only tends to destroy what has been produced of good, but it strikes terrible, .and some- times fatal, blows at the producing power. 58 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE If I, with a hammer, or any other heavy instrument, should break in pieces the lamp before me, you would all agree that I had been guilty of a very wrong act. I have destroyed an object of interest as well as use. There is the history of the world in that lamp, if we have but the eye to see it. Noah did not light the ark with lamps constructed like this. The means employed by the patriarchs to give light when the sun had gone to bed were, we have reason to suppose, quite rude and imperfect in comparison with this. Each generation added something to the facilities of producing light, and so on, age after age, until, in 1848, we produce such as this before me, and many other beautiful patterns. Hence, sir, the lamp before us affords other matter for reflection besides the light it furnishes. It were surely a wicked act to destroy, wantonly, an object of so much interest, and, at the same time, so useful. But, sir, if an influence be set in motion which shall enfeeble the intellect that planned that piece of mechanism, and palsy the hand that fashioned it, a more serious injury has been inflicted on society. When the lamp merely was broken, you might gather up the fragments, and, adding a little more of the material from which it was fashioned, of which God has given us an abundance, you might take it to the glass-house, and there you might find those who, for a trifling reward, would fuse the mass by the aid of heat, and mould you another so like the one broken, that, were they standing, side by side, you could scarcely distinguish them. But when you have crippled that intellect, so wonderfully constituted, and palsied that hand, so perfectly educated or skilled in the mechanic arts, you have done a most foul and accursed deed, which neither men nor angels can repair. Aside from the individual and immortal interests involved in the mischief you have perpetrated, you have inflicted a terrible injury on society, by destroying its producing powers, the most important of which are the intellects and educated muscles of men. The frost or drought, that cuts off the corn crop, does not dimin- ish the capacity of the soil to produce another crop, or destroy EVIL OF INTEMPERANCE. 59 the skill and physical power of the agriculturist. But, sir, set up a grog-shop in that vicinity, and convert the farmers into drunken loafers, and you have not only unfitted their minds to plan, and their hands to execute, but you will cover the soil, through their neglect, with thistles and thorns, with brieis and brambles, and break down the enclosures of its fields, until its capacity to produce shall be well nigh destroyed. And such, sir, is the character of this terrible scourge, which is doing its work of destruction here in this very town of Manchester. Suppose a severe storm should visit us, and a freshet come thundering along the bed of our streams, tearing away, in its course, bridges, mills, &c. What then? No incurable calamity has visited us. The freshet did not carry away the intelligence, the skill, and energy of our mechanics. They are left untouched, and the mischief will soon be repaired. Within the next twenty-four hours after the storm has ceased, and while th ^inhabitants of the village are gazing with sad- ness on the wreck of what was so lately a beautiful edifice, within the walls of which hundreds found employment, some ingenious mechanic will discover the mistake of the builders which exposed the building to the power of the freshet, and will assure you that, had the underpinning been secured thus and so, the building might have defied the power which has torn it away. There, now, is a human intellect already at work, and directed toward the repair of the mischief. Hands skilled to construct are ready, and stout hearts full of energy are im- pelling them to the toil, and soon, very soon, with the materi- als which God has strown all around them, another building will arise, more substantial and beautiful than that which was swept away. New machinery will soon be buzzing there aga:n, and all will go on as if no evil had happened ; and. as you pass, you shall hear the song of the cheerful maiden at her loom, even above the din of rattling wheels. Sir, you cannot arrest the onward march of improvement among Yankees by any mischievous influence which aims only at 60 ;haracteristics of the what their heads and hands have produced. Biu impair the powers of inventive brains, which seem but a collection of all conceivable mechanical movements, and palsy hands skilled in mechanic arts, and you have marred the most wonderful of the works of God, — the masterpiece of the great Archi- tect,— and have struck a blow at the producing power of human society, the injurious effects of which may not be repaired. Another striking peculiarity of the evil of intemperance is its tendency to destroy the principle of vitality in whatever it touches. You doubtless understand that alcohol, the principal mischievous agent in the varieties of intoxicating drinks which are vended in our country, is always the result of a process of decay. Obtain it from whatever source you may, the death of the vegetable from which you obtain it must precede its formation or extraction. Vitality cannot coexist with it. No vegetable contains it while its life continues; but when all vitality is extinct, then fermentation takes place, and alcohol is the first product of the process of decay. Now, in all its influence on society and man, alcohol seems to retain this character of incompatibility with the principle of vitality. Death must precede its march and tread closely on its heels. Yet, while it is doing the work of death, it promises and counterfeits life. Many a professor of Christianity, after taking a glass or two of brandy, has, in the religious meeting, manifested unusual fervency of spirit, religious zeal and devotion, to an extraordinary degree. I hardly need add that all such devotion is counterfeit, and that while there is this external show of religious life, that soul is sinking into spiritual death. The church may have its full complement of members, all the ordinances of religion may be regularly observed, and yet, if the members of that church shall habitually use as a drink any mixture of which alcohol forms a considerable part, its vitality will soon be at a low ebb; it will exert but little influence toward Christianizing the world. And yet there may be, externally, a fair show and promise of life, while the EVIL OF INTEMPERANCE. 61 extinction of vital Christianity is going on within its com- munion. Thus it is with the social relations. Many an individual, who was never seen to reel under the influence of intoxicating drinks, but whose constitution is daily subjected to the influences of alcohol, makes his family quite miserable, while, to the eye of the world, there may be an appearance of domestic enjoyment. This may be readily understood, if we consider what is vital, or absolutely essential to domestic enjoyment. Wealth is not an essential; a high degree of intellectual attainments is not indispensably necessary. Much domestic enjoyment may exist where there is not even a very elevated standard of morals, judging them by the Christian code. Two things must, however, exist, or domestic happiness takes wing — real affection between-the parties, and confidence in each other. Neither of these can long survive and flourish in the fumes of alcohol. No other influence ever brought to bear on man so soon alienates the social affections as intoxi- cating stimulants, and the wife whose husband gives himself up to the habitual use of alcoholic drinks will soon be taught, by bitter experience, that she cannot place implicit confidence in him. She is invited to go with him to a social party, and she accompanies her husband, but she carries with her the bane of enjoyment — anxiety and continual fear lest, after the wine cup shall have been passed around two or three times, she should be made to blush for her husband, while she witnesses his rude behavior and listens to his silly remarks. She cannot have confidence that he will bear himself like a man through the evening's entertainment. She whispers her fears to no one, and strives, perhaps, to appear at ease and happy. Such appearance of happiness is, however, deceptive. That which is vital to social enjoyment is not there. He provides well for his family, it may be. There is no want of coal in the grate, or food on his table, and no member of his family lacks clothing, or the external means of enjoyment; and yet the members of that family may painfully feel that there is m the constitution of that husband and father, a rival to their 6 62 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE affections. He declares unalterable and undying attach- ment to wife and children; and yet every one of them may know that he loves something else better. He would not forego his accustomed glass to gratify them, or promote their enjoyment. A true woman and wife will endure no earthly rival in her husband's affections. Let her be sure that such a one exists, and a fatal disease has attacked her own. Another peculiarity of the evil of intemperance, which it is well to glance at, for a moment, in passing, is, that there are no mitigating circumstances attending its infliction which may afford us consolation. Frost, which destroys the crops, may, at the same time, check the progress of epidemic disease. A long continued drought, which destroys some of the farmer's crops. affords him a rare opportunity to improve the condition of his lands which are ordinarily too wet to work upon. He may improve the favorable opportunity afforded by long continued drought to bring home a store of fuel from swampy lands over which he could not drive his team under ordinary circum- stances. Drought is not an unmitigated evil. The manufac- turer may lack water to turn his wheels, but the drought brings to him the best possible opportunity for repairing the dam by which he arrests the natural flow of the stream, and converts it to his purposes. Fire is a dreaded evil in our cities, when it gets an undue ascendency, and destroys millions of prop- erty annually ; yet it is not an unmixed evil. It often clears out a lot of old, miserable buildings, which the cupidity of owners have long rented to the vile, for vile purposes ; thus purifying infested districts, which the most vigilant police had failed to do. But what mitigating circumstances attend the curse of intemperance in its warfare on our fellow-men and their dearest interests. Some persons, it may be said, acquire wealth by the traffic. True ; and some men acquire it by theft and knavery, but nothing is added, in either case, to the wealth of community by such acquisition ; for A is made poor while B becomes rich. In legitimate and honorable mer- cantile transactions, both parties should be benefited by the EVIL OF INTEMPERANCE. 63 traffic — the purchaser and consumer, as well as the seller. In the traffic in strong drink, however, the consumer must be a sufferer, while the seller may be a gainer, so far as money and the present moment are concerned; but the traffic is almost invariably a curse to the seller, in the end, as well as the buyer, because it inevitably corrupts his morals, and, in many instances, proves his own ruin, or the ruin of some one or more members of his family. A citizen of Rhode Island, and a gentleman of the legal profession, once displayed the acute- ness of his logic, by declaring, in my hearing, that drunken- ness was, in one important particular, a great blessing to a community ; and when asked for a further exposition of his views, he said, " it put out of the way a great many poor, shiftless vagabonds, who were a curse to their families, and a nuisance in society." The great man seemed to have forgot- ten what influence had converted a portion of his fellow-citizens into " poor, shiftless vagabonds," and had rendered them " a curse to their families, and a nuisance in society." After a pretty thorough examination of the subject, during a period of more than twenty-three years, I am constrained to declare that I know of no mitigating circumstances attending this destruc- tive evil, as it appears in New England. In a vast majority of cases, it has proved a curse to the manufacturer, the seller, ind consumers. Another feature of the evil we are considering is, the con- stancy of its operation. It knows no intermission. War blows his bloody trump, and dire alarms Convulse the earth, while nations rush to arms ; Earth's lap is with her bleeding children pressed, Each with his bayonet in his brother's breast. And were that terrible scourge to continue its ravages, without intermission, for centuries, the earth would be unpeopled. But with most nations, the years in which they are in a state of war with neighboring nations are happily much fewer than those in which they are blessed with peace ; and during these 64 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE peaceful years, the nation gets time to breathe, as it were. The industrial pursuits of life, the public morals, education, the arts and sciences, and, in short, all the interests of humani- ty, have time to recover, in part at least, from the effects of war, before that scourge and curse of nations repeats his visit. Pestilence is not always sowing the air with the seeds of death. Frost, drought, famine, fire, and storms execute their messages of wrath, and then, for a season, bid us fare- well. Not so, however, with the curse of intemperance. Its work of death goes steadily on, winter and summer, by night as well as by day, in seasons of plenty and while nations are suffering from the visitations of famine. If, like pestilence, war, and many other evils, it would occasionally afford the suffering earth a little respite, men would have an opportunity of contrasting their condition, during such periods, with their condition during its visitations, and their eyes would be opened. They would set up a standard against its return, and, as its origin or causes are subject to the control of man, it might soon cease to curse the earth. No such respite is, however, afforded the suffering earth by the dreadful scourge we are considering. It puts its cup of poison to the lips, and throws its veil over the minds of each successive generation. No portion of the civilized world, no interest of mankind, and no period of time, is uncursed by its presence and power. Mr. President, there may be other characteristics of this terrible scourge of the world which I have not referred to in the sketch I have taken, and which ought not to be omitted; but they do not at this moment occur to me. I would by no means have any individual present regard the view I have taken as a full length portrait of the curse of intemperance. It was not my intention to attempt such a one on this occa- sion, but rather to point to particular features of it, which were characteristic, and distinguish it from other evils which curse the world. Intemperance has destroyed the lives of millions. Thirty thousand annually, according to the most careful calculation, go down to graves of infamy by the use EVIL OF INTEMPERANCE. 65 of strong drink; but I have not dwelt on that subject, for such results are not peculiar to intemperance, as thousands die annually from war, pestilence, and the influence of recklessness and imprudence, as manifested in a thousand ways. Intem- perance destroys millions of property; but so does fire, storm, &c. The destruction of property is not peculiar to intemperance, and I have not taken that item, therefore, into account in the present discourse. It is the less necessary that we should dwell on those points, as they are observed by every individual, and are the subjects of frequent discussion. Mr. President, I feel that I ought not to conclude the labor of the evening without some reference to an occurrence which took place last evening, in the village just above. Its history may serve to illustrate the dangerous character of the system we are tolerating among us, its injustice and inhumanity ; and may possibly excite us to a more energetic performance of our duties in connection with this important subject. Just after the close of my public labor last evening, and after I had taken my seat by the hearth of one of your citizens, Mr. Carpenter, I was invited to go, as speedily as possible, to the house of a neighbor of his, to assist in preserving, if possible, the life of a young lad of seventeen, who had been brought home in a state of complete insensibility, and whose restora- tion seemed quite doubtful. I hastened to the place, and found the young man in a most deplorable condition. He had been found lying in the road, cold and helpless, wallowing in the snow, his hat off, and his head partially immersed in a snow bank. Without assistance, he must soon have died ; and that young frame, so full of the vigor of youth yesterday, would have been found, this morning, stiffened and cold as the earth on which it rested. He had been carried to the home of his widowed mother, and the physician of the village called in to assist the wretched family in restoring him, if possible. Efforts had been making for his restoration for a considerable time before I reached the house ; but they had been unsuccess- ful, and he was still as insensible as a clod. The young man 66 ; CHARACTERISTICS OF THE had not been addicted to the habitual use of intoxicating drinks, but, in company with seven others, most of whom were mere boys, like himself, he had visited a grog-shop, not far distant. and the result, in part, I have already stated. Three others beside himself, making four out of the eight, had become intoxicated, and one or two of the number had, like the young man I visited, been deprived of the power of locomotion, and would have died in the street but for timely aid. By long and patient effort, warmth was restored to the almost frozen limbs of the boy, and, in a few hours, his agonized mother and sisters had the satisfaction of seeing him restored to consciousness. Now, sir, who could be so destitute of all right principle and feeling as to furnish those boys with the means of intoxication ? It was one of your citizens ; one with whom most of you are acquainted. He furnished them with one quart of distilled spirits, which they carried out of the store and drank. 'It was so easy to get out of the reach of the law. Two or three strides and the party were clean outside the legal fence built by the concentrated wisdom of the state. O most sapient and mightyiegislators, where shall we find language to express our admiration of your wisdom ? No offence to fill a jug of poison for the infatuated slave of ap- petite, but he must not drink it on the premises. He might be noisy and quarrelsome if he were to drink it on the grog- seller's premises, and disturb the quiet of that important func- tionary, and that most sacred place. Therefore he must not " drink it on the premises where he obtains it," but go home, into the bosom of his family, and drink it there ; and there let the vile passions inflamed by strong drink have full vent, and thus turn home into a hell. After having drank one quart off the premises, as we learn, the lads obtained, of the same gentle- man, a second quart, and drank it in the store. They were then turned out, to find their way home, if they could, or die in the street, as they might. The man who was guilty of that vile and infamous deed is a citizen of Manchester; and what is his reward for this kind of work ? Why, he is intrusted with EVIL OF INTEMPERANCE. 67 an important office under the general government of these United States. He is your postmaster, and his fellow-citizens must have their business communications — ay, more, their mes- sages of love and friendship — from distant parts of the country all come through that polluted channel. The mothers of the vicinity, whose sons are daily being poisoned at that establishment, must go there to get news from another son in some distant part of the country, who is, perhaps, being poisoned in the same way by some other titled villain. And this, ladies and gentlemen, is in the town of Manchester, in the Christian state of Connecticut, abounding in schools, col- leges, and churches ; and we live in the nineteenth century ! Now, it would seem that to have deliberately poisoned to death the father of that poor boy might have been enough in the way of wickedness for your fellow-citizen Captain Risley. [A voice from some one in the audience, " Squire Risley ! "] Ay, he is also a justice of the peace, or, I should say, rather, a piece of a justice — and a very small piece too. [Laughter and applause.] The wretched mother of that thoughtless young man declared to me, last evening, while standing by the bed on which the insensible body of the boy was lying, that her husband had often obtained from that very establish- ment the intoxicating poison that, within the last year, had laid him in tbe grave ; and " O sir," said she, " was it not enough that I have been made a widow by the traffic of that wicked man, and left with the care of a large family resting on me alone, and must he now go to work and ruin my sons? " While listening to the bitter complaints of that widowed mother, as she paced the apartment to and fro, wringing her hands in agony, while the tears were streaming down her cheeks, I felt, Mr. President, that we had all of us been too remiss in the discharge of our duty—that this infamous traffic should be brought to an end. And, sir, without the slightest hesitation, I here declare, that, in view of its palpable injustice and cold-blooded cruelty, I would, if possessed of despotic power, protect the weak, the innocent, and defenceless, who 68 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE are thus made to suffer by it, from further wrong, or I would give the heartless wretches engaged in that traffic an opportu- nity to obtain their light and air through iron window-sashes. What is a government good for that can go into spasms if one individual shall deprive another, without his consent, of prop- erty to the value of five dollars, and yet does nothing, or worse than nothing, for the prevention of such outrages on the weak, the innocent, and defenceless, as we have witnessed in this town during the last twenty-four hours. If an individ- ual applies a torch to a human dwelling, made by the carpenter and mason, of timber, boards, laths, lime, &c, —inanimate ma- terials, with no soul, no spirit, and no gentle affections, — the officers of the law drag him before a court of justice. He has bis trial, and is locked up in prison; and when the bolt of his cell goes home to its fastenings, there comes up from the com- munity whose laws he has outraged a universal " Amen," as it were. " His punishment is well deserved," is the universal declaration. But an individual, directly in the heart of your community, can put his torch of liquid fire to your children, your pride, your boast, and, according to your own estimate, the richest of your earthly possessions, day after day, until they are scorched, seared, blasted, ay, literally burnt up, before your eyes; and, instead of sending the wretch to his proper place, in the state prison, you make him a justice of the peace, and a postmaster! In the particular case of wrong and outrage I have commented upon, the principal sufferers were a widow and a number of fatherless children ; but, fellow-citizens, how soon it may fall to my lot, or to one of you, to have our hearts wrung with anguish as we survey the ruin of some dear child, God only knows. The curse is abroad, and none of us are secure. Our children are of the same flesh and blood as the children of those who have thus been made to suffer from this scourge; they partake of the same depraved nature, and, if exposed to the same tempta- tions, they may fall, as have others. Let us, therefore, not only out of regard to the general welfare of society, but for EVIL OF INTEMPERANCE. 69 the security of our own families, labor to put an end to the traffic and use of intoxicating drinks. Let no one presume to declare that he has a just and proper regard for the children God has given him, if he be unwilling to assist in removing the snares which are spread, on every hand, for their inex- perienced feet INTEMPERANCE AS A VICE OF INDIVID- UAL MAN. REPORTED BY THE AUTHOR, FROM MEMORY. Mr. President, and Fellow-Citizens : — I have frequently, in my public discourses, attempted to convince those whom I have had the honor to address that Intemperance is the giant curse of the civilized world ; that, as a source of mischief and misery to human society, it may claim a decided preeminence over any other evil in- fluence which curses the world. On the present occasion, I shall ask your attention, for a brief period, while I shall con- sider intemperance as a vice of individual man ; and among the long, black catalogue of vices to which men are addicted, I think it can be made to appear that intemperance has also claim to the preeminence. I do not wish to magnify this partic- ular subject beyond the degree of importance which properly and justly belongs to it; but the conviction has long been set- tled in my own mind that, with the mass, even of those who are, on the whole, friendly to the temperance cause, the tremendous power of this vice to enslave and ruin those who yield themselves to its influence has been sadly underrated. Intemperance has found means to adapt itself, as no other vice has ever done, to both sexes, all ages, classes, and condi- tions of men. There are none so high that it may not drag .hem down. There are none so low but it will, with great condescension, stoop to their humble condition, and contrive to sink them lower. The educated and the ignorant, the rich INTEMPERANCE as a vice OF individual man. 71 and the poor, the civilized man and the savage, the delicate female and the brawny backwoodsman, the aged man and the beardless boy, the master and the slave, each and all are within the reach of this master vice of man. There are vices which exhibit themselves among the rich, who live in luxury and indolence, which are not found to any considerable extent among the hard-laboring poor. There are others, found among the poor and uneducated, which would not find tolera- tion among the wealthy and more refined. There are vices which do not begin to show their power in early youth, but wait until the attainment of manhood for their full develop- ment, while avarice is peculiarly a vice of age or advanced life. The vice we are considering makes no distinction, but has found means to adapt itself to all ages, sexes, and condi- tions. If the wealthy and the fashionable are just now to be the subjects of power, it at once adapts itself to their condi- tion. The old enemy slips into a cut glass decanter, or silver- topped bottles of a fashionable construction, in the form of old particular madeira, hock, or champagne, and takes his place on a fashionable sideboard, and where can be found a more genteel and fashionable character,*just now, than Mr. Devil. Our genteel friends dally with the tempter. They sip and sip again and again, in the most delicate manner imagi- nable, and some, before the hour of parting arrives, are " as tipsy as a lord." O, yes, he has a way to do up the fashionables. Nor is he particularly awkward when we find him at the other extreme of society. If it be Tom, Dick, and Harry, the ignorant and vulgar, that just now demand the old enemy's particular attentions, he will search them out in the dirty hovels which they call home, or in the still dirtier grog-shop, and, taking the form of New England rum, potato whiskey, strong beer, or hard cider, in an old stone jug, or a black junk bottle, he can make himself exceedingly familiar and cozy with his hard-handed, and perhaps ragged and shoeless, acquaintances. Oaths grow louder, obscene jests still more obscene; vile songs are bellowed forth with increasing 72 INTEMPERANCE as a vice energy; and pallets of straw, the gutter, and the watch-house receive the company, sunken by strong drink to a condition considerably below the brute animals. If the infant in the cradle be just now the particular subject to be assaulted, and perhaps ruined; by having an unnatural appetite early fixed in its constitution, this all-pervading and most accommodating curse slips into its drink or suste- nance, in the shape of republican gin toddy or royal caudle, and, getting access to the coats of the stomach and the delicate nervous system, contracts an intimacy, secures a future ac- quaintance with and influence over the little immortal, and a fire is kindled which may burn to the lowest hell. Extreme old age has no peculiarities or infirmities to which the vice of intemperance cannot adapt itself. It persuades the venerable man that the true way to " keep his spirits up " is by pouring spirits down, and down they are poured ; and the result often- times is, that the gray head, which, " in the way of righteous- ness," we are told, is " a crown of glory," is dragged down in shame and sorrow to the grave. Novice, like intemperance,has ever been able to seize on all occasions, sacred, social, and patriotic, joyful and afflictive, and turn them to its own account, or, in other words, make them the instruments of strengthening or perpetuating itself. The odious vices of gambling and profanity have been able to make a little capital stock, to gain strength, impetus, or new victims, from regimental reviews, auction sales, public exhibitions or execu- tions, raisings of buildings, bridges, and the like. They could not, however, make much out of funeral occasions, religious anniversaries, convocations, dec. But intemperance — that most subtle and efficient emissary of Satan — has, in times past, found means to employ all occasions where men have met together, for securing new victims, or strengthening its chains upon those already within its grasp. The same hook which, baited with new rum, caught the ragged loafer at a regimental review, caught, sometimes, the Rev. D. D., or the Right Rev. Bishop, when, baited with ministerial toddy, it was dropped OF INDIVIDUAL MAN. 73 into the religious convocation. On all occasions, from the first moment of human existence to the last, it thrust itself before or coiled itself around the generation which has pre- ceded us, to deceive, seduce, and destroy. Alcohol was the first thing that saluted the senses of the new-born infant, and it bathed the temples of expiring age. By its ability to crush all the powers, faculties, affections, in- terests, and hopes of individual man, intemperance asserts its supremacy over all or most of the other vices which degrade and curse mankind. Profanity, if indulged in, will injure a man's reputation in any well-regulated, Christian community. It will sadly deprave his moral nature. But does it disease his body ? Certainly not. Does it waste his estate ? No. Does it necessarily alienate his affections from his family, or destroy his intellect ? No. It may be long indulged in, and yet not necessarily or materially affect either. Yet it is an odious vice, offensive to God and to all good men. But look at another hateful and terrible form of vice — gambling. This 'ays hold of a man with a stronger grasp than profanity. It injures the reputation, depraves the heart; and to these injuri- ous results, common both to it and to profanity, gambling adds the waste of property, as a general rule ; and, if the passion for it gain considerable strength, it will alienate a man's affections from wife, children, and home. Nevertheless, there are powers and interests of men which gambling does not immediately or ordinarily reach. It does not necessarily disease the body or destroy the intellect. Many profes- sional gamblers, in our large cities, have healthy physical frames, and intellects unimpaired ; so that, although it be a terrible vice, it does not at once attack all our powers and interests. Intemperance, however, leaves no power, faculty, interest, or proper affection uninjured. That it diseases the body, no one will dispute. That it enfeebles the intellect, even some of the most noble that God has ever given to man, we have melancholy evidence. That it wastes the property and hardens the heart, every one knows who has paid atten- 7 74 INTEMPERANCE AS A VICE tion to the subject; and if any individual before me doubts whether it can crush or alienate the social affections, let him go and ask the drunkard's wife and children. This terrible vice, as the sailor would say, sweeps the deck, and does not leave a spar standing. Hence it is an utter impos- sibility to restore completely to a man, by the most thorough reformation, all that he has lost by the vice, if it have been long continued. John Hawkins, whose name is known through every state of this Union, and on the other side of the Atlantic, although he has never swerved from the temperance faith since he embraced it, and although he has a place in the affections of thousands, for his consistent course and his zeal- ous efforts for the advancement of the cause of temperance and the restoration of the fallen and the wretched, will never be able to repair all the mischief which has been done him by his former intemperance. His physical frame, firmly knit and excellent as it was originally, was terribly wrenched by the old enemy. The same is true of thousands of our reformed brethren. George Haydock, the ex-wood-sawyer, of Hudson, as he calls himself, although he retains more intel- lectual sharpness, in spite of his former intemperance, than is possessed by the average of men who never got drunk in the course of their lives, will, nevertheless, find it quite im- possible to rub out all the scars he received during his period of slavery to this terrible vice. He will never find a per- fect substitute for the leg which, to use his own words, " was lost in the service of old King Alcohol." Another point, to which I would direct attention, is that, in the brotherhood of vices, intemperance is generally the pioneer, or, if not emphatically the pioneer, it sets off on its errand of mischief with but a small company. Very few young men become notorious for their habits of gaming or licentiousness who abstain from the use of alcoholic drinks. Of those who had been religiously educated or placed under proper restraints in their youth, I never met with a man who had become a proficient in either of those vices, where the OF INDIVIDUAL MAN. 75 way for their ruinous march had not been prepared by the intoxicating cup. The hell in which" those vices revel lies too far below the table land of virtue and respectability to be reached without a ladder or staircase. The means of a quiet and almost imperceptible descent is furnished by the intoxicat- ing cup. Sober young men, born, reared, and educated in our rural districts, do not, when business or the pursuit of pleasure calls them to our large cities, rush at once into the gaming saloons, or the apartments of her whose " house is the way to hell, going down by the chambers of death." No, sir; there must be a previous preparation for such reckless folly. The outworks of virtue, morality, and common prudence must be assaulted and carried by the cup — to use a military phrase — and when a clear breach is made in the defences, then hell's heavy artillery, with all its lumbering battalions, may pour in at their leisure. If I may be permitted still further to bor- row the phraseology of the camp, and another figure from military affairs, I would say, that intemperance is generally the advance guard or " forlorn hope " of the vices. If it be successful in its assault on the gates, the rest of the infernal army may enter at their leisure. If the advance guard find all the places of ingress barricaded with the total abstinence pledge, and the well-settled principles and practice of tem- perance, the siege is generally raised, and Satan's select squad- rons " have leave to withdraw." The vice we are especially considei'ing accomplishes with apparent ease, and sometimes with the most frightful rapidity, a work of utter devastation upon the characters and affections of individuals, which the united influence of all other known vices for years, without the aid of intemperance, can but barely accomplish. A single illustration may serve to convey to you precisely my meaning, and, at the same time, scatter any doubt you may at first entertain of the soundness of the view I am laboring to present. Some years since, while engaged in the practice of my profession in the state of Rhode Island, I was consulted in the case of a little giil of about fourteen 76 INTEMPERANCE AS A VICE years of age, if I rightly recollect, whose parents resided within a hundred rods of my office. The child was suffering under that terrific form of disease, consumption; and I was well aware that all the service I could render her would be, by a careful and judicious employment of appropriate means, to relieve distressing symptoms which might, from time to time, occur while organic disease of a vital organ, the lungs, was daily moving forward to a fatal termination. Kind words, and the manifestation of an affectionate interest in all that might concern the sufferer, together with what is under- stood by good nursing, is far better, in such a case as the one I have described, than much medicine, though the employ- ment of medicine may be very efficient sometimes in relieving the pains attendant on disease of a fatal character, if its administration be directed by sound physiological principles and common sense. With such views of my duties in the case before me, I called frequently on the little sufferer. The gratitude she ever evinced for any service rendered her, the noble fortitude with which she bore her sufferings, and the sweet, angelic temper of mind she ever evinced under circum- stances which might have been regarded as a sufficient apol- ogy for peevishness and petulance, and, added to all this, her cheerful acquiescence in any arrangement which her friends about her judged for the best, together completed a character which secured my admiration — ay, more, my love. Although I had no reason to expect any pecuniary reward for my services in the case, the dear child was in no danger of suffering from professional neglect. It is a great privilege and honor to minis- ter to those whom we have reason to believe are soon to become " as the angels of God." One morning, being under obliga- tions to leave the village immediately after the hour of break- fast, to be absent during the day, I rose earlier than usual, that I might have time to visit my village patients before breakfast. The residence of the little girl whose situation 1 have described was the first place at which I called. I found her, on entering the house, sitting in an arm-chair, with a OF INDIVIDUAL MAN. 77 blanket wrapped about her person, and shivering as with the cold. Desirous of knowing for a certainty the cause of this agitation, I asked, " Martha, what makes you tremble or shake thus ? " She answered, through chattering teeth, and with a feeble voice, " Sir, I am very cold." " But why are you not in bed ? " " I have had one of my distressed spells, and could not lie in bed," was the reply. " How long have you been sitting here, Martha ? " " Almost through the night." Seeing that there was, at the time, no fire in the apartment, I further inquired," Have you been sitting here alone, and without fire ? " She replied that she had, and remarked that there was no wood in the house. Touched to the soul by the mel- ancholy condition of the little sufferer, and as I could hear no one moving in adjoining apartments, I inquired for her father, and she informed me he was in bed. Once more I inquired, " Where is your mother ? " " She is in bed too" was the answer of the little uncomplaining angel. While I shall live, may a merciful God spare me from another such trial of my feelings. Is there another influence under heaven, with which any one before me has ever become acquainted, strong enough to drag a mother from the side of a dear, sick, suffering child, and lead her, while she can stand up or move, to abandon it to the united power of disease, biting cold, and utter loneliness, through the long, tedious hours of such a night, except the accursed influence of the intoxicating cup ? I have lived more than forty years, and been a pretty careful observer of what is passing in the world around me, and I have never witnessed the operation of any other power than that of alcoholic drinks which was capable of conquering a mother's love. That old couplet, which, with some injustice to my own sex, as I think, contrasted the strength and endurance of a mother's and a father's love, certainly fails to convey the truth relative to the character of drunken mothers. It may not be said of drunken mothers, in the sense intended in the old couplet, that " A mother's a mother all the days of her life." 7* 78 INTEMPERANCE AS A VICE One who has become the slave of this dreadful vice is a mother until she gets hold of the bottle. The father of that poor little girl had, the evening before my visit to her, obtained a quart of rum from a grocery kept in the village by a "justice of the peace;'''' and the result I have already stated. He added, perhaps, a sixpence to his ill-gotten gains, and that poor, sick, and suffering child sat there alone, and shaking with the cold, while hour after hour of that gloomy night rolled heavily and slowly away. What burning thoughts must have passed through the brain, and what agonizing feelings awakened in the breast of that child, as she sat there alone, without fire, or the presence of one solitary friend, during that bitter night! Even with the best of care, with kind friends continually by our side to minister to our wants, to raise up the drooping head, to put the cordial draught to the parched and fevered lip, and whisper in our ear words of sympathy and comfort, — O, with all these, is there not enough of trial for poor human nature through a long and wasting disease ? When the limbs fail to perform their office, and we feebly stretch forth our emaciated hands to those around us for support, and when we know that the blessed sun shall but for a few mornings more rise for us, and that we shall no more walk abroad over the pleasant fields, brushing, with our feet, from the bending grass tops the diamonds which night had bung upon them, and when memory is busied in bringing before the mind all that we have loved on earth, and are about to lose forever^ — then, even if sustained by a hope of happiness beyond the grave, we need also the kind offices and kind words of our friends. " For who, to dumb forgetfulness a prey, This pleasing, anxious being e'er resigned, Left the warm precincts of the cheerful day, Nor cast one longing, lingering look behind ?" God have mercy on those who, at such a time, and under such circumstances, cast into the cup of the sick and afflicted one unnecessary element of bitterness. Those who do thus, greatly OF INDIVIDUAL MAN. 79 need mercy, for they have much to be forgiven. Such, how ever, is the almost daily business of those who fill the intoxicat- ing cup for the victims of this terrible vice, while, often, their nearest and dearest relatives are sick and suffering at home. In conclusion, I will only add, that the vice of intemperance demands our especial attention on account of the vast multi- tude of its victims. For one individual who is thoroughly corrupted through the influence mainly of any other vice, there are at least ten who are rendered by this vice a curse '.o their families and relatives, and a pest and burden to society. PROSPECTIVE RESULTS OF THE TRAFFIC IN INTOXICATING DRINKS. REPORTED FROM MEMORY, BY THE AUTHOR. Mr. President, and Fellow-Citizens .— Without any special inspiration from above, or the gift of prophecy, men may often, from a careful consideration of the past and the present, reason to what lies in the future. We may not attain to that precise and particular knowledge of the future which observation and history furnish of the present and the past, but we can estimate general results with sufficient accuracy to guide us in the practical duties and concerns of life. I propose, in the present discourse, with such aid as we may derive from history, and our own observation of what has been passing in the world around us, to look forward to the inevitable results of the traffic in strong drink, if it shall be continued in this community. Suoh an exercise may aid us in settling the question of individual duty in reference to an important subject, which, at the present moment, is exciting much discussion in almost every part of our country. That discussion is not confined to private circles. It has found its way to the pulpits of the land, to the lyceums and legislative halls, and more than once has engaged the attention of our highest judicial tribunals. Let us, therefore, with what ability and calmness we may bring to the task, pull aside the veil which separates us from the future, and let the light of history and reason stream in, and show us the inevitable consequences of continuing, in this community, the traffic in the means of intoxication. RESULTS OF THE RUM TRAFFIC. 81 In every part of the world, where the manufacture and traffic of intoxicating compounds have been tolerated, a con- siderable proportion of its inhabitants have been hurried, by them, to untimely and dishonorable graves. There have been no exceptions in favor of communities where the arts of civ- ilized life, education, refinement, and Christianity have done most for the elevation of our race. We may then, from this uniformity of result, set it down as a fixed fact, that if the traffic in intoxicating liquors be continued, it will doom to early and dishonorable graves a certain and no inconsiderable number of our fellow-citizens. Now, if no other injury to society were to be reasonably anticipated from the continuance of that traffic, and it could be made to appear that the traffic could safely be dispensed with, our duty — the duty of all men—would be plain in the premises. Why should we tol- erate the certain and unnecessary destruction of our fellow- men ? Is it a matter of no moment that the period of human life should be wantonly abbreviated ? Why should not a man be hanged as soon for producing death by alcohol as by arsenic ? These are questions for those who sustain the rum traffic to answer. There are, doubtless, in this community, a number of men who have contracted habits of intemperance, and an artificial appetite, which seems to have gotten the mastery of their wills. Efforts have been made for their rescue. Good counsel has been given them. Friends have gathered around, and earnestly and kindly exhorted them to save themselves from ruin. Perhaps they have been persuaded to attend meetings of the friends of temperance, and the hearts of their relatives and friends have been gladdened by seeing their names appended to a pledge of abstinence. But with some it has availed nought. They have broken such pledges repeatedly, and returned to their cups. Where now is ycur ground of hope for such ? You have but one. Place the cup of poison beyond their reach, or they die. Let this inevitable conclusion dwell in the mind of evtry one whom I now address. Whatever language the lips of those wretched 82 PROSPECTIVE RESULTS OF THE victims of intemperance may utter, the language of their con- dition is, " Save me, or I perish." The hearts of thousands who have come to the light on this subject respond to the call, and they stretch forth their hands, and, with fraternal and proper feelings, lift up their fallen brethren, and place them on their feet. But another hand seizes them, and drags them back into the pit from which they had escaped for a time; and that hand is the hand of the dealer in intoxicating drinks. While we see the benevolent and good thus putting forth efforts to save from complete ruin, body and soul, some of their unfortunate fellow-men, O, it is melancholy to see others take upon them- selves the awful responsibility of frustrating their designs, and preventing the accomplishment of the good they aim at. If there be any truth in that old maxim that actions speak some- times even louder than words, then the language of those who are determined to perpetuate in community the traffic in strong drink is by no means equivocal. We must read it thus: " Gen- tlemen, temperance men, and you ladies who are engaged in this temperance movement, put forth your united strength and influence, get up meetings of the citizens, organize societies, adopt and circulate your pledges, expend your time, and employ your funds in efforts to save the drunkards of this community from the fate that threatens them ; and when you have done all, you shall fail in the accomplishment of your object. We stand here to frustrate your designs. The drunk- ards of this community seem desirous of the privilege of destroying themselves, and we are determined they shall enjoy it. You throw water on the fire that threatens to consume them, and we will rekindle it. You pull them out of the cur- rent which is sweeping them toward the cataract below, and we will push them from the bank as soon as their feet rest upon it." Such is the language of their acts, if not of their lips. If they shall deny that they will such a result, then I reply, that whoever wills the continued operation of a cause which he knows, and all past experience shows, to be attended with one uniform result, wills that result, whatever he may TRAFFIC IN INTOXICATING DRINKS. 83 say to the contrary. The sane man, who puts a lighted torch to the hay-mow in my barn, wills to burn my barn; and no sophistry, however ingenious, can, as it appears to me, mislead an honest mind in relation to the matter. He who wills the continued existence of the traffic in intoxicating drinks, wills the production of its inevitable results ; and those are poverty, disease, and death, to some of his fellow-men. Mr. President, I have never studied the logic of the schools, but the argument I have just employed seems to me consistent with the logic of common sense. If a single citizen of this community were arraigned, and put on his trial, for a capital offence, the penalty of which is death, and twelve men were selected from these before me to sit as jurors in the case, with what intense interest they would listen to every particle of evidence tending to prove the guilt or innocence of the pris- oner ! Why is this ? A human life is at stake ; and human life is too sacred to be trifled with. In such a case as the one I have supposed, when the evidence and the pleadings in the case are closed, and the judge has concluded his charge to the jury, what intense anxiety is depicted in every countenance during the period of their consultation on the subject! And, when the foreman of the jury rises to declare the guilt or innocence of the accused, the most profound silence reigns in the apartment, and each individual seems intent on catching the first syllable which can make him acquainted with the fate of the. prisoner. So sacred do we regard human life. Now, sir, do you, and do my brethren here assembled, realize that, while settling the question whether the sale of intoxicating poisons shall be continued in this community, you are settling the question of life or death for a certain number of your fellow-citizens ? Let that traffic be discontinued, and they live. Let it be continued, and they will go down to untimely graves, " a bloated mass of rank, unwieldy woe." Sir, while we are endeavoring to obtain as correct a view as may be possible of the prospective results of this wicked system, we must not confine our thoughts to the few in this 84 PROSPECTIVE RESULTS OF THE particular community whose fate the continuance of this traffic will settle. Every community, town, or village of the land can number its quota, and the aggregate swells to thousands and tens of thousands. Some years since, after circumstances which 1 need not name had compelled me to reflect on the character and influence of that horrid system, my thoughts and feelings found expression in the following lines : — 'Tis sad to see the drunkard's wretched home, Despoiled by poverty, and wrapped in gloom ; To see the shattered roof, the crumbling wall, The wretched inmates, and to hear the call Of famished children for their ruined sire, Blasted and scorched by rum's consuming fire. But when, in sad array, before our eyes The thirty thousand annual victims rise, The warm blood chills — we almost curse the clan "Who wage a war alike with God and man ; Trample on justice, mock at misery's tale And mercy's tears, till even fiends grow pale ; Afflict the wretched poor, insult the good, And fatten on the price of human blood. But, Mr. President, the certain destruction of the lives of d vast multitude who are now intemperate, is not, by any means, all we may anticipate of evil from the continuance of this traffic. As the ranks of reeling, bloated men are thinned by death, a further draught will be made on community to fill their places; and O, sir, let us consider for a moment from what source this accursed agency is to draw its supply of future victims. Drunkards cannot be made from wood, stone, or other inanimate matter. No, sir; the raw material which is to be worked up by this terrible system into a future army of drunkards, must be sought among the children and youth of the country. Some of the little ones who now play their childish gambols in your streets, and who, with their artless prattle, as they climb on the laps of parents, " Do all their weary, carking cares beguile, And make them quite forget their labor and their toil," TRAFFIC IN INTOXICATING DRINKS. 85 are to be drawn into this whirlpool of misery and sin, if it be continued among us, and made as wretched and as vile as the drunkards who now stagger along our streets. The rum dealers among us, in this year of 1849, with all the light which now streams full on this infamous system, ask it as a privilege, — ay, more, they claim it as a right,— To fill the poisonous cup for thoughtless youth, Lure them from home, and from the paths of truth, Into their soul-polluting sinks of sin ; Prepare them for the pit, and thrust them in. These are the rights they claim — they love them well__ Hired engineers upon the road to Hell. Sir, while we allow the traffic in intoxicating drinks to be continued among us, we are permitting a lottery to be drawn in which disease and wretchedness, disgrace and death, are the only prizes; and that too with our own children's names in the wheel of chance, some of whose names must be drawn against such prizes as I have named. I have sometimes wished that I possessed the power to look far enough into futurity to select those who are to become the future victims of intemperance in those communities where the traffic shall be tolerated. If I were possessed of such knowledge, and were engaged in the performance of that melancholy duty, 1 am quite sure I should visit some families where I should be not only an unwelcome but a most unexpected visitor. O, sir, if, through a mistaken policy, or the neglect of duty, the traffic in strong drink is to be continued in this town, I would to God that we could gather here in one group the little bright- eyed and fair-haired boys and girls who are to become its victims. I would have them arranged in the broad aisle before me, and then, pointing to the little band of doomed ones, I would ask the fathers and mothers of this town, " Are you ready for the sacrifice ? Shall these little ones be sub- jected to all the miseries of the drunkard's life, and all the horrors and hopelessness of the drunkard's death, that two or three of your citizens may live on the blood-stained profits 86 PROSPECTIVE RESULTS OF THE of this infamous business ? Ay, and I would ask the retailers of strong drinks in this community, " Are you ready for the sacrifice ? Are you willing to contribute your individual and respective shares of influence to poison, degrade, and utterly ruin these the children of your neighbors and fellow-citizens, body and soul, for the paltry consideration of so many dollars and so many cents ? " If you have resolved on a course so ruinous, so unjust, so inhuman, and there shall not be found in this community energy enough to restrain you in your infamous career, I would say to you, Go on —be rich even to your heart's desire, And grasp with greedy hand each worldly good ; But knoio, thy God will at thy hands require Thy brother's blood. But, sir, this traffic, if it be continued, will turn off, from time to time, scores, hundreds, ay, and if we include in our estimate the whole country, thousands of reckless and lawless men, to prey on the interests of honest citizens, and the fruits of honest industry, and to be provided with homes, at last, in our poor-houses, prisons, and hospitals, and there supported at the public expense. The traffic in strong drink never has and never can support itself and pay for repairing the mischief it causes even to the pecuniary interests of men. If it were pos- sible to draw a line with perfect accuracy between the damage done to society by this traffic and that inflicted by other causes of mischief, and we were then to charge to the' account of those engaged, wholesale and retail, in the traffic in strong drinks exactly their proportion of the bill, and compel the pay- ment, it would reduce the whole class to hopeless bankruptcy. They know this perfectly well, but they know also that their very good-natured fellow-citizens have, in time past, consented to act the part of pack-horses for them, and to bear off on their well-worn shou.ders any burdens rum-sellers have found it convenient to put upon them. They have unbounded con- fidence in our meekness and forbearance, and suppose that ihe future shall be as the past, in the matter we are considering. TRAFFIC IN INTOXICATING DRINKS. 87 Time will, however, convince them of their mistake, or you may set me down no prophet. Three fourths of the pauperism, and four fifths of the crime, which burden and afflict society, are the result of the traffic and use of strong drink. Whenever a thorough investigation of the subject has been made, the result has shown these propor- tions. I have not known the correctness of that estimate called in question, either through the press or otherwise, during the last three years. No man of any pretensions to knowl- edge or character will venture now to call in question the accuracy of the statistics of intemperance, as they have been a thousand times given to the public within the last fifteen years; and with such facts before them, the men of New England must possess asinine qualities to a greater degree' than I suppose, if they can long submit to such injustice. I do not propose here and now to examine in detail the operation of the system I am condemning on the various branches of business carried on in the community. At another time, if I shall again have the opportunity of addressing you, I may direct your attention more particularly to the warfare con- stantly waged by the traffic in intoxicating liquors upon all useful trades and occupations. It is sufficient for my present purpose that I call your attention to the general fact that all the industrial affairs of human society are continually embar- rassed by that traffic, and that, from the nature of things, it ever must be so. The traffic in intoxicating drinks, if continued, will put in jeopardy the lives of sober citizens, even those who hate and abhor the system, and who have long since resolved they will have nothing to do with it, except, when opportunity offers, to strike a blow at its existence. So long as men in any com- munity are made reckless by strong drink, and thus disqualified for the proper performance of their duties, the most distress- ing casualties will frequently occur. Thousands of lives are lost annually in this country by the recklessness of men who have charge of our public conveyances. In these days, when 88 PROSPECTIVE RESULTS OF THE the tremendous agent, steam, is so extensively employed as a locomotive power, it is especially necessary that all persons whose business it may be to guide or control the movements of steamboats, railroad trains, stage-coaches, omnibuses, and the like, should be possessed of all the prudence and caution native to their constitutions, or excited by a sense of their responsibilities and the vast interest intrusted to their care. Now, sir, this traffic, if continued, will constantly present to the eye and the lips of those thus employed a temptation which has proved too strong for thousands, and, through the recklessness of some of that class of persons, some even of us here assembled may be torn to shreds by the wheels of a railroad car, or crushed to a shapeless mass in the crash of a stage or omnibus, driven recklessly upon a railroad track as the train is approaching a crossing; or we may be hurried into eternity by the unskilful management of a steamboat pilot, who has been rendered reckless or stupid by alcoholic influ- ence. The mass of our fellow-citizens do not seem so fully impressed as they should be with the utter unfitness of any individual who stimulates himself with alcoholic liquors to control the movements of a public conveyance, or to execute the orders of an individual on whom such responsibility is laid. The imminent danger there is in committing property or life to the care of a man who has contracted and who indulges an appetite for intoxicating stimulants, will more fully appear if we consider for a moment the peculiar influence exerted by such stimulants to destroy the controlling or regulating powers of men. There is a very marked distinction between the impelling and regulating forces of human beings. Each individual of our race is, in an important respect, like a steam- boat. A steamboat has impelling forces on board, and she has also regulating forces ; and on the proper balance of these, and their harmonious action, the perfection of her movements will depend. True, there are impelling forces without, or independent of the boat, which may accelerate or retard her TRAFFIC IN INTOXICATING DRINKS. 89 movements, and regulating force may be applied from without which may change her direction to a certain extent; but, with the steamboat, as with men, the principal forces which will give and regulate its movements must be sought for on board. Her impelling force is the steam in her boilers, the escape of which, being regulated and brought to bear on her machinery, give the boat motion, while the helm directs her course. Now, suppose, sir, you were to go on board a steam vessel, and, by throwing beneath her boilers an unusual amount of combusti- ble materials, you were to double her usual impelling force ; and suppose, when you had done this, you were to cut away one half the helm ; — shall we have reason to be surprised now, if, in her future movements, she shall run on shore, or on the breakers, or shall, in her violent and irregular career, dash against any other craft which may have the misfortune to be moving in her vicinity ? Certainly not. She moves with increased velocity, but her motions are ill regulated. Now, sir, I have said that man is, in one important point of view, like a steamboat. As in the case of the boat, there are in- fluences operating around him and without him which may increase or diminish, to a certain extent, the momentum where- with he moves forward in life; and there are influences op- erating around him, and independent of him, which may, to a certain extent, give direction to his movements. Nevertheless, it is true of the man, as of the steamboat, that the principal forces that impel him to action, and regulate his movements, so far as they may be regulated, must be looked for " on board," or within the man. But, sir, what are the impelling and regulating forces of human beings ? What forces move and regulate the move- ments of the living mass of humanity around us ? How the learned in mental and moral philosophy might answer that question I know not, for I never consulted books which treat professedly on that subject. \ will, however, give you the answer which my professional studies and the observations of my life dictate. The impelling forces are the passions and 8* 90 PROSPECTIVE RESULTS OF THE appetites common to us all, and those restless desires for good, for enjoyment, for happiness, or however we may term it, which are continually springing up in the human breast, and moving us forward, forward, forever forward in the pursuit of the object desired. That object may be the attainment of knowledge, wealth, fame, or power. It may seem just now before us, or it may beckon us from a distant region. It may have reference to this life, or another beyond the grave. Be the object desired and the period of anticipated possession what they may, the effect is the same — on, on, and still on, in the pursuit of some real or promised good, until we drop into our graves. Now, it must be evident to any mind of ordinary capacity, that, excited thus to activity, and driven forward in every conceivable direction to attain to the gratification of our appetites, passions, and desires, we should, at every step of our progress, come into collision with our fellow-men around us, and a horrible crash of conflicting elements would be the result, if we had not, like the steamboat, regulating forces on board. Terrible collisions do occur, are continually occur- ring, around us, in consequence of the want of a sufficient regulating force in the individuals who compose the moving mass. '■•**•!•■■•' ' »'-'-*i What, sir, are those regulating or governing forces on which we must mainly rely to control men in their various movements and pursuits ? Reason and conscience. A pas- sion or appetite, natural or artificial, we will suppose, clamors for indulgence, and asks the assistance of the mind and the muscles to secure for it the means of gratification. But what says the government or regulating powers of that man to the proposed movement ? His reason decides, perhaps, that it is inexpedient; that it will involve him in trouble ; that the promised enjoyment will be followed, in some way, with an amount of suffering which would more than outweigh it in the scale of happiness: The voice of conscience decides that any effort to secure the gratification proposed will be wrong, unjust, sinful, and the will enforces the decision of reason and con TRAFFIC IN INTOXICATING DRINKS. 91 science, and positively forbids any movement in that direction. That man is a law to himself; he needs no force from without to prevent him from trampling on the rights of those about him. He has an excellent form of government, consisting of three departments ; a house of representatives, a senate, and an executive — reason, conscience, and will. If the governing power of individuals were perfect, we should want no other form of government on earth. Legislatures, governors, courts, and prisons would be superfluous. Now, sir, we see that the use of alcohol and other diffusible stimulants employed by our fellow-men produce the most terrible results imaginable. They occasion frightful col- lisions on every hand. Domestic brawls, street fights, mobs, and murders are the frequent and legitimate results of the use of intoxicating drinks and drugs. The reason of this will dis- tinctly appear if we do but observe that they increase the impelling forces of individual men, while they enfeeble or ' totally destroy the regulating forces. Many a man has been prompted by a spirit of revenge to take the life of a fellow- being ; but he could not, for a time, bring his muscles to the work. Why ? The regulating powers were too strong for his wicked passions and desires. A law was enacted in that individual mind that the murder should not be committed. That law passed both houses, reason and conscience, by a clear and overwhelming vote, and the executive, the will, being in health, and qualified to act, gives its sanction to the law, and enforces it promptly, forbidding the muscles to act, to lift the murderous steel, or move one step at the bidding of revenge. Notwithstanding the prompt action of the self-governing powers in the case I have supposed, it may be that the passion of revenge has subsequently been gratified, and the murder com- mitted.. But how ? The individual knew from observation, and perhaps previous experience, that intoxicating drinks would cripple or enfeeble the governing powers, which had restrained him, and he therefore swallowed a portion of Satan's patent conscience-killer, and, an hour afterwards, the hellish 92 PROSPECTIVE RESULTS OF THE passion of revenge was gratified, while the muscles, no longe: held back by the voice of reason and conscience, or the man- date of the will, drove the steel to the heart of the victim. Mr. President, the case I have supposed is by no means a rare one. Daily do numbers of our fellow-men around us avail themselves of the aid of intoxicating drinks to enable them to do the bidding of their passions or vicious propensities, freed from the restraint which reason and conscience would otherwise impose. Others, not aware of this tendency of strong drinks to increase the impelling forces, appetites, and passions, while it cripples the regulating forces, are, through the solicitations of friends, led to swallow a portion, and while under its influence, make shipwreck of character, of prop- erty, or life. The cautious and prudent man becomes, under their influence, reckless and abandoned. Give, the stage-driver, who is noted for prudence and skill in the discharge of his duties, a glass or two of rum or brandy, and observe with what recklessness he dashes down the hill which, were he in the possession of his usual degree of regulating power, he would descend with the utmost care, and at a very moderate pace. Whichever way we turn, we see the terrible effects of recklessness occasioned by strong drinks. Steamboats and other vessels dash against each other, or upon the rocks, when officers or pilots are under the influence of strong drinks, and property and life to an appalling extent are thus sacrificed. More than one half of the so called accidents which occur on land and water may be justly charged to this same destructive influence ; and yet there are those in this community, and in every section of our country, who would perpetuate the traffic in intoxicating drinks through all coming time. But, Mr. President, and fellow-citizens, the certain destruc- tion of vast numbers of those who are now intemperate; the consignment of thousands of the rising generation to the miserable life, and more miserable death, of the drunkard; the embarrassment of all useful branches of business, and the exposure of property and life by the recklessness of intoxicated TRAFFIC IN INTOXICATING DRINKS. 93 men ; all these, though enough, as we might suppose, to enlist the active energies of a whole community against the traffic in intoxicating drinks, do not by any means close the catalogue of evils which are sure to attend its continuance. It will con- tinue to be, what it has ever been since the oldest persons in this assembly were able to observe its practical results, the most serious obstacle in the path of every organization or association established to promote the intelligence, morality, or social enjoyment of men, or the spread of the gospel through the world. It is not necessary that we go into detail on this point, the truth is so obvious. The village lyceum and public library find in the village tavern and dram-shop a too successful rival for the patronage of the public. The discussions at the lyceum hall on great questions of public interest are not sufficiently exciting for those who are accustomed to the more intense but unprofitable excitements of the bar-room. Missionary, Bible, and Sabbath school socie- ties have ever found, and, from the nature of things, must ever find, in the traffic in strong drinks, a most determined foe. Go to those who are putting forth efforts for the elevation of our seamen, or those who are toiling to give fuel, shelter, and employment to the emigrant or the native poor of our large cities, and ask any or all of them what, more than any other influences, hinders the accomplishment of their benevolent designs, and they will promptly answer, intoxicating drinks. This curse of the world throws itself directly across the path of every reformatory movement, and ever will do so while it is tolerated among us. It contributes more than any and all other influences to create a necessity for benevolent efforts, and tends more than any and all other influences to embarrass and render them ineffectual. Such are some of the results which must, from the nature of things, inevitably follow the continuance of the traffic in intox- icating drinks in the community. What does it promise you of good in return ? Positively nothing. But some one may reply that alcoholic liquors are very good sometimes as a 94 PROSPECTIVE RESULTS OF THE RUM TRAFFIC. medicine. Suppose we admit it; and does it follow tha< ovi taverns and stores are to be converted into apothecary shops and the clerks of our public houses are to take upon them- selves the responsibility of prescribing for the sick, and administering medicine ? The oil or fat of the rattlesnake has been recommended as a very useful application in cases of chronic rheumatism ; but suppose it be quite efficacious, is it therefore best to import a cargo of rattlesnakes, and allow them to crawl around our gardens and fields, that we may be sure and have a remedy at hand against a possible attach of rheumatism ? Mr. President, we have all enough of common sense c serve us in this matter if we will but exercise it. There are nc v many towns in New England from which the traffic has beou driven out, and I have heard of no deaths from the want of medicine. PROPS DF THE RUM TRAFFIC, AND WEAPONS OF THE ENEMY. In actual warfare, it is not only natural for, but important to those engaged in conflict, to ascertain, with as much accu- racy as possible, not only the numerical strength of their opponents, but their means of offence and defence ; or, in other words, the number and character of those instruments with which they may protect themselves and assail others. With this view, spies are often sent to the enemy's camp, at imminent hazard to their own lives ; and in this way, informa- tion has often been obtained which has enabled the party obtaining it to secure signal advantages over their enemies. Believing that it may be of some service to the temperance army to have a tolerably clear understanding of the means of defence and offence now in the hands of their legitimate op- ponents, we propose, in this article, to give to it the results of a pretty extensive observation, which we have been enabled to make, of the enemy's camp and defences. If we should be hanged as a spy for our pains, we shall have the consolation of knowing that better men than ourselves have ascended the scaffold, and the last request we shall make of our executioners shall be, that they will approach us on the leeward side of the platform, that the air which shall last visit our lungs may be uninfected. The rum host encamped over against us, place their whole reliance, both for offence and defence, on four distinct instru- mentalities. They are, — First—SECRECY. 96 PROPS OF THE RUM TRAFFIC, Secondly — FALSEHOOD. Thirdly —THE ENTIRE DEVOTION OF THEIR POLITICAL POWER TO THE SUPPORT OF THE RUM TRAFFIC. Fourthly, and lastly —THE INFLUENCE OF FEAR IN OUR CAMP, WHICH THEY CREATE BY OCCASIONAL AND MOST DASTARDLY ATTACKS UPON THE PERSONS AND PROPERTY OF THOSE WHO RENDER THEMSELVES CONSPICUOUS BY THEIR EFFORTS TO SUPPRESS THE TRAFFIC IN POISON. These comprise their whole enginery for defence and as- sault ; and, if we could find means to deprive them of the use of those four weapons, they would be rendered powerless in an instant, and the murderous system they are now sustain- ing would fall to the ground, with a crash which devils would hear with dismay. We will proceed to remark, briefly, upon each of those instrumentalities — the mode or modes of its employment — its power, &c, as compared with others; hoping that we may thus aid the friends of temperance in the great work before them. SECRECY. Secrecy is not always indicative of mischief; but where public sentiment is not utterly and hopelessly corrupt, a vile and infamous system cannot long continue to exist without it. Our opponents understand this, and avail themselves of its aid in the prosecution of their nefarious designs. They have sought to hang an impenetrable veil around those establish- ments where factitious wines and adulterated liquors are pre- pai'ed, with which the mass of drinkers are both imposed upon and poisoned. Enough, however, has been learned of those liquors, and the destructive and disgusting materials employed in their manufacture, to associate them forever, in the minds of those who have investigated the subject, with the delicate compound prepared by Macbeth's witches, some of the pre- AND WEAPONS OF THE ENEMY. 97 cious ingredients of which were, as enumerated by the second witch — •• Fillet of a fenny snake, In the caldron boil and bake ; Eye of newt, and toe of frog, Wool of bat, and tongue of dog, Adder's fork, and blind worm's sting, Lizard's leg, and owlet's wing — For a charm of powerful trouble, Like a hell-broth boil and bubble." They place screens before the bar, that the machinery and movements behind it may not be seen from the street. They curtain the windows of the liquor saloons and drinking estab- lishments, of every grade, that the public eye may not look in on the infernal orgies of their inmates. They have invented a thousand names for their drinks, that the deluded men who swallow them may be enabled to call for what they desire in a language not understood by the uninitiated. The poorer victims of this infamous system they secrete, when they become helplessly drunk, in back rooms, sheds, barns, or narrow lanes, not troubling themselves to inquire whether they be thinly clad or otherwise, or whether the thermometer be above or below zero. The rich customer, whom they have rendered helpless by their poisonous draughts, they send home in a coach, when that old water-drinker, the sun, has gone to bed, and their auxiliary, night, has drawn her curtain around the scene. The coachman wont' peach,' as he shares the plunder, and understands the ' game.' Secrecy, we repeat, is to the system indispensable. Pull off the disguises that are thrown around it — tear down the curtains, and push aside the screens, and let the blessed light of the sun, and the eyes of men, look in upon the doings within those hells upon earth, and they would be closed in a month, or the earth, which they pollute and curse, would be strewn with their fragments, by an injured and indignant community. 9 98 PROPS OF THE RUM TRAFFI . FALSEHOOD. This stands number two on the list of their weapons of war. The whole system, comprising the manufacture, sale, and use of intoxicating liquors, as a drink, when at the highest niche of its popularity, stood on a stupendous lie. It was established, and rested on the notion that the moderate use of alcoholic liquors was promotive of human health and hap- piness. This doctrine was long since exploded. The laws licensing the traffic, in accordance with the notion that it was promotive of the public good, should have been abolished long since ; for they are now known to rest on a false founda- tion, and are a disgrace to the statute-book of an intelligent and Christian people. But aside from the false notions of former days, the false system built upon them, and the false and destructive legislation which sanctioned and sus- tained the traffic, the whole system, as it now exists, from the mouth of the still to the stomach of the drunkard, is sustained by falsehood. Every link in the chain of its con- nections and dependences, has attached to it a well-understood and barefaced lie. The wholesale dealers, with very few exceptions, season half the sales they make with falsehoods, so as to veil the character of their business. They sell for imported wines and liquors, vile compounds of domestic man- ufacture. Casks, in which liquors have been imported, and which have the importer's brand upon them, they preserve, after they have been emptied of their contents, and filling them with cheap liquors, of their own mixing, they sell them for imported liquors. If any doubt is expressed, by the purchaser, as to the quality of the liquor, he is pointed to the importer's brand on the cask; and, to place the matter beyond dispute, the dealer will draw, from his desk or pocket-book, the cer- tificate of importation, which he has been careful to preserve! Thus, by the monstrous frauds and falsehoods of the wholesale dealers, the consumers are imposed upon, and swallow often- times, with the alcohol, poisons even more destructive. Retail- AND WEAPONS OF THE ENEMY. 99 ers of liquors, nine out of every ten, whatever may be the cut of their coat, or the quality of its fabric, are systematic and notorious liars — made so from the nature of their busi- ness. They will, almost to a man, protest that they do not sell to men whom they know to be intemperate : yet not one in ten will scruple to do so. " He did not get his liquor here," is their stereotyped language, in relation to individual cases of drunkenness, attended with unusual circumstances of disaster or shame ; yet the language is more frequently false than true. " Your husband is not here, madam; I have not seen him this evening," is often the reply to the anxious inquirv of the half-distracted wife, in pursuit of the father of her famishing little ones, when the black-hearted and cold-blooded villain, who utters those words, knows that the dissolute man is, at that very moment, within his doors, revelling with his drunken companions. It is seldom that an inquirer, however respectful, can get from a retailer of intoxicating drinks any thing like the truth in relation to any material point connected with his traffic. Moderate drinkers, in nine cases out of ten, labor to deceive their friends in relation to the amount of liquors they consume. Men who would scorn to lie in relation to any other matter, will utter falsehood, without hesitation, if falsehood will con- tribute to secure to them the means of gratifying the all- controlling appetite for intoxicating stimulants. ' The wretched drunkard will stealthily creep to his concealed bottle, twenty times in the day, and saturate his bloated bulk with the con- tents ; and then, turning his glazed eye full upon you, and puffing in your fice, at every breath, an atmosphere saturated with rum, he will declare to you that he has only drank two or three glasses in the course of the day, and will hiccup out a dozen oaths to confirm his statement. Casks, demijohns, and other inanimate receptacles of liquors, are often made to lie in the service, and for the support of this false and wicked system, bearing on their heads, or some prominent part of their bodies, the words, " turpentine," " oil," " vinegar," 100 TROPS OF THE RUM TRAFFIC, " niolasses," &c.; any thing, in short, but the real name of their contents; and thus they often go forth on their errands Of death, with poison inside, and a lie on the surface. Every thing is made to utter falsehood in connection with this system. " Here is your good health, sir" —" And yours, sir" mutually exclaim the genteel consumers of alcoholic drinks, as they bow to each other, glass in hand, across the dinner table, or before the tavern bar. They both utter falsehood, and in nine cases out of ten, they do it knowingly. If they would utter the language of truth, in such cases, they would exclaim, as they lift the poison to their lips — " Here, my dear sir, is disease to us both — the clouding of our intellects, the depravation of our morals, the alienation of our social affec- tions, weeping to our wives, and poverty to our children — and to ourselves, perhaps, delirium tremens and an untimely grave." Truth, however, would not answer their purpose. It would not add to the self-complacency with which they min- ister to a depraved animal appetite, and take another step toward a drunkard's grave and a drunkard's hell. The impunity with which the infernal system is continued in those parts of New England where it is proscribed by law, is mainly purchased by the falsehood of its miserable victims, uttered in our courts of justice, and under the awful responsi- bilities incurred by an oath — by invoking a righteous God to witness to the truth of the testimony they are about to give. What is truly astounding, but almost universally true, is, that all parties who join in the support of this system, and who happen to be present at the courts where such wholesale per- jury is committed, do grin and chuckle at such exhibitions of depravity, which well might make good men and angels weep. As with that great prop of the system, secrecy, so with false- hood— deprive the curse we are combating of the support of either, and it would vanish from the earth. The conditions of its present and future existence are fixed and immutable. It must wear a garment of secrecy, and breathe an atmosphere of lies, or die. AND WEAPONS OF THE ENEMY. 101 THE POLITICAL PROP. A large proportion of the lovers of strong drink love it so ardently that they will, to secure a supply of it, sacrifice all their political preferences. Is Mr. Tippler a whig? He will desert his party, and be found voting with its political op- ponents, if his party, being in power, shall attempt to suppress the rum traffic. Is he a democrat ? Rum is dearer to him than democracy; and should his party conceive it to be a part of their mission to banish rum from the territory over which they exercise political sway, he will break away from party attachments, and vote for any individual, party, or power that promises most certainly to secure the sale of rum. He may, indeed, profess to deprecate the carrying of temperance into politics ; he will, nevertheless, employ his own vote, and, as far as practicable, the votes of others, to sustain his idol, and to crush every effort to annihilate an influence which is filling our poor-houses and prisons with inmates, the grave with untimely victims, and the hearts of thousands with unutterable anguish. The supporters of the rum traffic will, we repeat, almost universally sacrifice their political preferences for its maintenance ; and, as few of our temperance brethren will give their temperance the first place in their affections, the traffic either gets a legal sanction, or the law is rendered in- operative by the neglect or connivance of executive officers. THE LAST RESORT. Where all the instrumentalities we have described fail to secure the end they aim at — impunity to sell and use intox- icating drinks to the extent of their wishes — the last shot in their locker is thrown with very considerable effect. They conclude that if Messrs. A, B, and C can be silenced or startled by some signal manifestation of rum vengeance, it will not only restrain them from further efforts, but will fill the less bold and active of the temperance men with alarm, and stop further proceedings on their part. Immediately thereupon, 9* 102 PROPS OF THE RUM TRAFFIC. some dastardly assault is made, under cover of darkness, on the property of some of the most active reformers. A fence is torn down — doors are defiled with filth — stacks or barns are burned — horses or cattle are mutilated—trees in the yard or orchard are girdled or sawed down ; or, as in the recent case in Providence, R. I., powder is employed to blow up their buildings. Thus the rum fraternity seek to establish a reign of terror, which shall deter all, in their vicinity, who are engaged in efforts to put a stop to their iniquitous proceed- ings, from the further prosecution of their laudable designs. Such, if we are not deceived, are the instrumentalities now relied upon by those who seek to fasten upon society, at least so long as they shall exist here, the most fruitful source of misery, crime, and death that is permitted to exist among men. MEANS FOR REMOVING THE CURSE OF INTEMPERANCE. A DISCOURSE DELIVERED AT BRIDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT, IN JANUARY, 1849. BEPORTED FROM MEMORY, BY THE AUTHOR. Mr. President, and Ladies and Gentlemen : — For a number of evenings, I have labored to convey to the minds of those who have honored me with their attention, such views of the giant evil of our land, intemperance, as have been fixed in my own mind by much reflection, and a careful investigation of the subject, during a period of many years. If I have established in your minds the conviction of my own in relation to the nature and magnitude of the terrible scourge we are seeking to remove, and of our individual dangers and responsibilities connected therewith, you have already come to the conclusion that something ought to be done for its removal. But what shall be done ? What can we do that may afford us a reasonable ground for hope that we shall ever be rid of the guilt and miseries of intemper- ance ? It shall be the object of this discourse to answer these questions. I know very well that when these questions come up for consideration, there are multitudes of faithless souls who at once begin to cry out, " You can't prevent it." " Do what you will, and all you can, and men will sell rum, and drink it, and 104 MEANS FOR REMOVING be drunkards.' So long as that notion finds a place in the opinions of a very large portion of our citizens, we certainly shall not remove the scourge, because we shall never agree to put forth the necessary efforts with that degree of energy and perseverance which are indispensable to success. But, sir, there is no can't about it. The causes and sources of the mis- chief are known, and they are all within the reach of human influence, and may be removed by the determined will and strong hands of freemen, or the belief in man's capability for self-government is unfounded, and our institutions built on that doctrine are but a house on the sand, or, to use a modern and very expressive phrase, " a magnificent humbug." This is not " the pestilence that walketh in darkness," but " the destruction that wasteth at noonday." The contagion of yellow fever, plague, and cholera are mingled with the atmosphere,«nd invisible. We receive it before we are aware, and unless we fly our country, we may not escape its influ- ences. What is the nature of the atmospheric changes which produce these terrible diseases, we know not. They are too subtile for our chemistry. We cannot detect the mischievous agent by any known tests. But, sir, we can see a distillery ; and if we were blind, and could not, we might detect its pres- ence by another sense, the organ of which is a near neighbor to the eyes. We understand the process by which the fruits of the earth are converted into its bane and curse, alcohol. There is no mystery about a rum bottle, a wine flask, or a beer barrel which we may not fathom. So well, indeed, are the causes of drunkenness understood, that, when one sees in the street an intoxicated man, the- mind involuntary runs back to the dram-shop, tavern, or liquor store where he obtained the poison which has unmanned him, and, without waiting for the decision of judge or jury, we pass instant condemnation on the vile business which thus degrades and injures our fel- low-men, and on the individual who makes himself a voluntary agent of so much mischief and misery. I repeat it, so far as that curse of curses, intemperance, is concerned, the relation THE CURSE OF INTEMPERANCE. 105 between cause and effect is now traced with perfect ease. Who now can pass a distillery without thinking of its legitimate fruits — diseased, bloated, degraded, and ruined men, dilap- idated buildings and wasted estates, broken hearts and un- timely graves ? The distillery, liquor shop, and the tavern, where strong drink is furnished to men, are facts from which degradation and drunkenness, the poor-house, the prison, and the grave are natural inferences. There is not now in New England one temperate man in ten who can pass a team loaded with gin or brandy casks, apparently filled, and on their way to the country, without its being instantly associated in his mind with the degradation which is sure to attend its con- sumption. Sir, if the skeleton king, and a delegation of devils, were to dance along the road in rear of such an accursed freight, the hint of its consequences would scarcely be more distinct, to sober, rational men, than is now afforded by the sight of those casks. Sir, the causes are not only'understood, but they are all within the reach of human hands. If Mr. A. B. can tinker out of sheet copper a tea-kettle for Satan, and set it boiling, I can dash cold water on the fire, and, with a sledge hammer, break the kettle in pieces. " But such a course would be con- trary to law." Then legalize it by your will and votes, and make me sheriff of the county, and your agent to do that work, and, God helping me, you shall have no occasion to complain of my neglect of official duties. Muscles and sledge hammers were never better employed than they would be in demolish- ing those accursed structures which, swallowing up, as they do, immense quantities of fuel, and the fruits of the earth, while thousands lack for fire and bread, send out in return a ceaseless torrent of disease and death upon a suffering world. If men can erect, in one of our beautiful villages, a grog-shop, fill it with the materials of mischief, call about them the reck- less and vile, and, after having dedicated it to the work of death by an evening's, debauch and carousal, set in earnest about the work of ruining our youth, and cursing all the inter- 106 MEANS FOR REMOVING ests of that community, why shall not the strong hands of the sober and moral portion of that community empty the vile concern of its inmates and contents, and bar its doors against their return ? or, if that be not effectual, pile the shattered fragments of that little village hell " heaps upon heaps " ? " Why, it would be contrary to law." Then amend your laws, and let their sanction be given to such a righteous work. You can authorize the sheriff now to take forcible possession of the tools of him who counterfeits your coin, and he may destroy them b/ order of the court; and why may he not make the same disposition of those tools, which, as John Pierpont once expressed it, are employed to mar God's image, and turn off counterfeit men upon the community ? Mr. President, if society may not protect itself from such a system of wrong and outrage, under our form of government, then our government is not worthy of the encomiums pro- nounced upon it. But, sir, there is no question about our ability and right to sweep this, whole system from the face of society, just as soon as the sober, moral, and Christian portion of community are prepared to do their duty in the premises. But by what means shall they be prepared ? I answer, first of all, let every man who has come to the light on this subject set before his fellow-men a consistent example. Let him abstain now, and always, from the use of any form or mixture of intoxicating liquors as a beverage. Let this be a matter of principle, the result of a firm, settled conviction of duty ; and let every one who desires to add his influence to that blessed tide which shall sweep the curse from the earth, see to it, that the cause of temperance is never dishonored and wounded by his personal inconsistency. I care not how much a man may declaim against this evil, nor what efforts he may put forth to promote the cause — he will accomplish but very little if it be understood that he ever allows himself to employ intoxicating stimulants, of any kind, as a drink, under any circumstances. Those whom he may seek to reclaim from habits of intem- perance will, if he be known to use the article at all, taunt THE CURSE OF INTEMPERANCE. 107 him with his inconsistency, and thereafter all his words are vain. The argument for personal abstinence has been so frequently and strongly urged, of late years, by almost every one who has opened his mouth in the advocacy of the tem- perance cause, and I have myself, on former occasions, and before this people, given my views so fully on that branch of the subject, that I do not feel it necessary to dwell longer, at the present time, on the duty and influence of personal ex- ample, and will, therefore, only remark that, as it is the most noiseless instrumentality we can employ in the work of reform, so it is the most effective. Next to the power of consistent example as a reformatory influence, I would reckon the plain and forcible utterance of the truth in relation to all points of this great question. In relation to the subject of temperance, as well as most other matters, our success, will in a great measure, depend upon timing our efforts aright. An attempt to sustain a series of social meetings for a number of evenings in succession, during the month of July, and in an agricultural community, would necessarily result in a failure, and should not therefore be attempted. We should do more harm than good, in a majority of cases, were we to attempt a labored argument on this sub- ject in the midst of a thoughtless and half-intoxicated rabble. That is not the place, and those are not the circumstances, most favorable to secure a hold for the truth on the consciences of men. The same thoughtful exercise of our common sense should guide us, also, in the manner of presenting the truth, as well as in the choice of time and place. If we would be suc- cessful in winning men to the embrace of our cause and prin- ciples, we must study the subject thoroughly, and understand, so far as may be possible, the practical bearing of intemperance on the business and interests of the persons we address. When addressing an irreligious man, who seems to be scarcely aware of possessing a spiritual nature, a title to immortality, what good influence can we hope to exert on his mind by an argu- ment to convince him that the use of strong drinks is prejudi- 108 MEANS FOR REMOVING cial to the religious interests of men, that it greatly hinders the work of spreading the gospel, &c. ? Our argument does not touch him at all. There may be, however, avenues to his heart. We may move him to aid us in advancing our cause, by the presentation of motives he is prepared to ap- preciate. He may be a hard-working, industrious man, a great lover of dollars, and one who is very careful in relation to his expenditures. What string will you pull with that man ? Foot up his tax bill, and show him, by incontestable facts, that three fourths of the tax he annually pays is drawn from his pocket by the influence of, and to repair the mischief wrought by, the rum traffic. He will listen to you while you talk on that subject, and, if he be not himself a slave to the bottle, and you can clearly prove to him that this detestable system, against which we are warring, calls for ten dollars of his hard- earned gains annually, to support it, he will rebel, and join you in your warfare against it. If the striking characteristics of another of your neighbors be the strength of his social affections, and he have a family of sons and daughters grow ing up around him, talk to that man of the terrible havoc which strong drink has made in the domestic circle. Remind him that one of three sons in the family of Mr. A. has been ruined by the traffic and use of strong drink; and of the fact that two daughters of Mr. B. have had their hopes of hap- piness for this life crushed by the drunkenness of their hus- bands ; that one of them has already been obliged to leave her young husband, transformed, almost daily, to a demon by intoxicating drinks, and has, with her little ones, gone back to her father's house, her heart broken, and her hopes and pros- pects blasted, scathed as with the lightning's stroke. While you talk to your neighbor of these terrible results of the dram-shop, which, perhaps, stands within a hundred rods of his own door, and remind him of the danger to which every family is exposed by this terrible curse, a fire kindles in his heart and gleams from his eyes, and he-will declare his readiness to go with you to the death against this Moloch of civilization. If conversing THE CURSE OF INTEMPERANCE. 109 with a truly religious or Christian man, point him to the sad havoc made within the pale of the church by this terrible destroyer, and its influence to hinder the spread and power of truth on the hearts and consciences of men, and you need go no farther with that man. If he be a Christian indeed, you will win him. I have thus far spoken only of the presentation of the truth to individual minds. Much may be done for the promotion of the cause by a series of social meetings, in which all the points of this great question may be discussed in a familiar way, by the citizens of that particular community. It is a sad, I had almost said a fatal, mistake for the friends of tem- perance, in any place, to suppose that nothing can be done for the advancement of the cause by public meetings, unless they can have the presence and listen to the voice of some individual from abroad who has made himself quite distinguished as an advocate of the cause. Social meetings, where the farmer and mechanic, the merchant and the professional man, may each in turn express his views on the subject, and detail the results of his own personal experience and observation, are, in my opinion, among the most efficient means of promoting the spread and permanency of the principles and practice we recommend. Nor are the modes I have recommended the only ones by which you may present the important truths elicited by the temperance reformation to the minds of your fellow-citizens who have not yet heartily embraced the cause. The general distribution of temperance publications would, I am well per- suaded, accomplish an amount of good in almost any part of our great field of labor which would a thousand times pay the expense of their purchase. Of these we have now a great variety; so that whoever shall attempt the diffusion of tem- perance truth through that instrumentality may find some- thing adapted to the condition of any.and every part of the country. The Temperance Tales, from the pen of L. M. Sargent, Esq., have, with the blessing of God, effected the 10 110 MEANS FOR REMOVING reformation of thousands. In my rambles through New Eng- land, in connection with this subject, I frequently find individ- uals whose first impressions favorable to the temperance cause date from the perusal of one of those little messengers of mercy. I much doubt whether it be possible for any individual not utterly destitute of sensibility, and hopelessly corrupted by a long, unbrokeu course of sin, to read " My Mother's Gold Ring," or "John Hodges, the Blacksmith," and not have kindled in his breast a deep feeling of hatred against the vile system we are laboring to annihilate. The " Temperance Man- ual," by Dr. Edwards, the writings of T. S. Arthur, and a prize essay by Rev. Mr. Ketchell, are valuable contributions to our temperance literature. But, I fancy some one may reply, the purchase of books, tracts, &c, for distribution, would involve expense which we can ill afford. Sir, can you better afford to pay your money to repair the mischief intemperance may produce than to pay it for the removal of the evil ? If citizens will pay nothing for the support of a fire department in our large villages and cities, they will occasionally have to foot the bill for a new house. For one, I had much rather be taxed annually twenty-five per cent, on all my earnings, to secure the annihilation of the traffic in intoxicating drinks, than that my children should be exposed to its influences, and my purse be made to bleed annually for the support of its miserable victims. The periodical press, devoted to the advocacy of temperance principles, should receive a cordial and steady support from all who would secure the prosperity of the enterprise. In concluding my remarks on this branch of our subject, let me earnestly exhort those before me to watch for occasions of doing good by the utterance of truth in conversation. Such an occasion may present itself in a pub- lic conveyance, in the social circle, in the lyceum hall, or the Christian conference. We have an old proverb, " Where there is a will, there is a way;" and its truth *vas never more manifest than in reference to the temperance cause. Let there be in the heart of the THE CURSE OF INTEMPERANCE. Ill individual a sincere desire to contribute what he or she may to mould and correct the opinions of others on this subject, and occasion will not be wanting. Mr. President, I beg you, and your fellow-citizens here, to give no place in your minds to the false notion that the time for associated efforts has passed. The formation of tem- perance societies where none have been organized, and the preservation and enlargement of those which do exist, are, at the present moment, as it seems to me, absolutely indispensa- ble. We need them to add force to individual example. The united testimony of hundreds together, uttered through a resolution or public address, has attached to it a degree of respect which the separate testimony of the individuals could not command. I will not detain you with a labored argument in favor of preserving the integrity of our temperance organiza- tions, but content myself with expressing the opinion that whatever other instrumentalities we may employ for the advancement of the cause, we shall fail of securing our object if we do not avail ourselves of the advantages to be derived from the principle of association. The pledge of total abstinence is still our sheet anchor; and may the day be distant when the friends of temperance shall abandon its employment. If, sir, the good people of Bridgeport would reform such of their fellow-citizens as have become habitually intemperate, whose physical constitutions are suffering from infirmities and diseases produced by alcohol, they must adopt with them the Washingtonian method. You must consent to make considera- ble sacrifices for their sakes. The manifestation of a deep interest in their welfare—frequent visits — liberal aid to their families — kind exhortation, urged with great importunity, to take the pledge and keep it—a separation, so far as is practica- ble, from old and vicious associates, and the removal from their vicinity of the sources of temptation, where that desirable object may be effected ; —these are the means on which you must rely for the rescue of the wretched drunkard from the doom which otherwise awaits him. Nor should your interest 112 MEANS FOR REMOVING in or care of sucn an individual cease when you have obtained his name to the pledge. It may be months before he will re- cover his native resolution and bodily health, and during all that period he must be watched over \\»ith great solicitude. Should he fall, fly to his rescue at once, and give him the assurance that he is not to be abandoned and given up to the tender mercies of the rum-seller. Something more must be done, however, besides the diligent employment of the means I have recommended, before this city, or any section of our country, can be effectually rid of the curse of drunkenness. The traffic in intoxicating liquors must be prohibited by law, and that law must be sternly and steadily enforced. The penalty of the law must be something more than a paltry fine of ten or twenty dollars. It should bear some proportion to the magnitude of the offence. There are few offences committed against the peace, safety, and best interests ofsociety, which, in my opinion, are of a more grave nature, or demand a more stern penalty, than that of supplying to reckless men the means of intoxication. It should be pun- ished more severely than assault and battery, theft, resistance to the laws, participation in riots, wanton destruction of prop- erty, &c, for it produces all these offences, or nine tenths of them. All other causes put together do not produce so much misery and disorder in this city as the sale and use of intox- icating drinks. The traffic, so far as concerns the furnishing of it to men as a beverage, is not called for by any necessity of man or society; and, as it is productive of incalculable mischief, it should be at once and forever prohibited. This is the instrumentality on which we must ultimately rely for removing the curse of drunkenness from the world. To its employment, a variety of objections have been urged, some of which I will briefly consider. One of the most common is expressed in language like this: " You cannot control the appetites of men by law, and it is therefore idle to attempt it." We do not propose to attempt it. We propose to control traffic by law ; and surely that is not a new thing under the THE CURSE OF INTEMPERANCE. 113 sun. More than half the laws in our statute-book were enacted for the regulation of trade — of traffic between man and man. How the notion got into the heads of men ftat the business of selling rum should be an exception to that general rule which applies to all forms of traffic from which fraud or mischief may be anticipated, I cannot tell. But the objector may reply, that the law, in relation to other articles of commerce, does not attempt to prohibit their sale, but merely to regulate it. Well, sir, what is meant by regulation ? I suppose that term is used to signify such a control of the traffic in any particular article as shall secure the community against injurious results. Restrictions are put on the trade in gunpowder just so far as is supposed to be necessary to pro- tect community from the danger of explosions, which might destroy life and property. Any regulation which falls short of that object must be of little avail. Well, sir, I shall be entirely content with such a regulation of the traffic in spiritu- ous liquors. Such a regulation will allow alcoholic liquors to be furnished for use in the arts, and as a medicinal agent, and sternly forbid any other form of traffic in those articles. Let such a law as that be passed, and properly enforced, and more good would result therefrom, to Connecticut, than from all laws enacted in the state for the last twenty years. Traffic in those articles, to be employed as an intoxicating stimulant for men in health, can never be regulated, for all such traffic is, in its very nature, an irregularity, a nuisance, and a curse to community. But methinks I hear some one inquire, " Why are you not willing to rely for the reformation of the rum-seller on kind words and friendly exhortations, on appeals to his reason and his conscience, when you see those instrumentalities so effec- tive in the case of the drunkard ? " I have frequently had that question put to me, and sometimes, sir, there has been added this precious piece of logic : " The rum-seller is of the same flesh and blood as the victim of his traffic : they have a nature in common, like passions, and like sympathies ; and why, 10* 114 MEANS FOR REMOVING then, would you treat one with great tenderness, and the other With great severity ? " The answer to all that is a very plain one. Their situation and circumstances are entirely dissim- ilar. Consider their condition for a moment. The drunkard has, in a majority of cases, lost property, health, friends, and, worst of all, his own self-respect and confidence in himself. Law can do him no good. It will not restore his lost property, health, friends, or self-confidence. He is in a condition that demands our sympathy, for, in the face of good resolutions, often formed, and as often broken, he is dragged downward by the .terrible power of an artificial appetite, which he has not now the resolution to master. Speak to him kindly on the subject, and tender to him the warm spmpathies of your heart, and express .to him your readiness to assist him in any effort he may make to escape from the difficulties which surround him, and, in a vast majority of cases, your efforts will not be in vain. Secure his confidence by acts of kindness, and you may often lead him whithersoever you please. Let us now look at the condition of the* rum-seller. Does he feel tlie need of sympathy, or that he is entitled to it ? He is not, like the drunkard, destitute of money, friends, or self-confidence. He is the keeper,of a public house, a splendid liquor saloon, or a dram-shop. In eitherxase, heihasjnoney, for the tippleis and drunkards of the community pour into his till a shower of sixpences. He has scores of friends around him, such as they are, and they have always for .him a word of cheer and encouragement. He is assured by them that they will stand by him to the last, &c, &c. There are always those around his establishment who are ready to do his bidding, whether it be to draw water, saw wood, or cleanse his stable. Oftentimes our rum-seller drives the fastest horse in the neighborhood, and when he wishes to take a ride, some of his satellites are ready to harness the horse to the carriage and bring him to the door. His table, nine times in ten, is better furnished than the tables of his fellow-citizens, for his cash is easily obtained, and he thinks he can afford to live well. The world, he says, THE CURSE OF INTEMPERANCE. 115 owes him a living, and he intends to have it. Such is the condition of a majority of our rum-sellers. Now, sir, is he in a condition to be favorably influenced by the tender of your sympathies ? Why, he does not consider himself an object of sympathy, and should you approach him with a manifestation of sympathetic regard, he will tell you so. He will slap his well-lined pocket, and hint to you, without a great show of delicacy, that he can take care of himself. There is not that want of self-confidence which we found in the case of the poor drunkard. O, no ! He fancies that he is the man of the country, and can walk over the laws of God and man — over your rights, my interests, and the hearts that are breaking around him, rough shod. Hint to him that, by his traffic, he is producing indescribable mischief and misery around him, and he will tell you to mind your own business, and he will take care of his. Mr. President, to talk about bringing men thus situated to abandon a wicked but lucrative business by kind words and sympathetic appeals, is uttering nonsense, if there be such a thing on earth. The rum-sellers of 1849 will never be led to abandon the infamous business in which they are engaged, except by an appeal to their fears — fear of pecuniary loss, or the loss of their liberty, or fear of final and terrible retribution when death shall overtake them, and they shall be brought before that tribunal from whose righteous awards they can have no hope of escaping through the false testimony of those their traffic has ruined. The Rev. Thomas P. Hunt, one of the most able and eloquent of our temperance advocates, in a discourse delivered in Faneuil Hall, a few years since, uttered the following language, in the most impressive tone and manner possible : — " Mr. President, when I can make an individual engaged in this murderous and infamous business see and feel that if there is a being on earth who deserves from man a halter, and from God a hell, it is a rum-seller, then, sir, I have some hope of his abandoning the business without legal coercion, and I have no hope until then." 116 MEANS FOR REMOVING Tbe utterance of that sentiment is all the evidence I want that the reverend gentleman understood the character of the men of whom he was speaking. Pearls should not be cast before animals which will trample them under their feet. With what words shall I go to a rum-seller of 1849 ? The character and influence of his traffic have been now subjects of earnest and public discussion for the last quarter of a centuiy. The elements of society all around him have been stirred in rela- tion to the subject. He is not, he cannot be, a stranger to that fact. He knows, every man of them knows, what the mass of good men around them think of their business; " Horrible effects of Intemperance ! " " Another Rum Tragedy ! " and the like, in staring capitals, meet their eyes, every week, as they run them over the columns of our newspapers; and the detail answers to the character of the heading. A man with a bottle of rum in his pocket, and a part of its contents in his stomach, has taken a nap on the track of some one of our railroads, and waked up in eternity ; or perhaps an individual transformed to a demon by strong drink, has buried the blade of a knife in the bosom of her whom, at the altar, before God ;and man, he swore to love, protect, and cherish. That knife, iit;may be, pierced a heart which glowed to the last throb with an undying love for the wretched being who has stilled its pulsations forever. Tbe rum-seller reads, from time to time, the