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 1833
 
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SUMMARY
                OF








     PHRENOLOGY,







TO  ACCOMPANY THE BUST







           APPROVED BY







      DR.  SPURZHEIM. ^ #
     CAMBRIDGE :



PRINTED BY CHARLES FOLSOM.



        1833. 
 3F ..
S<j5S
 I 933 
SUMMARY.
  The following new  classification of the funda-
mental phenomena of the mind is the result of  all
the physiological inquiries, contained in Dr. Spurz-
heim's work entitled "Phrenology,"  and consti-
tutes a summary of its philosophy.

                 ORDER  I.

      AFFECTIVE FACULTIES  OR FEELINGS.

  The essential nature of the affective faculties is
to feel emotions.  I shall indicate their nature, the
aim of their existence, the disorders to which they
dispose, and the consequences of their inactivity.

                   GENUS I.
     Feelings  common to Man and Animals.

  Hunger  and  thirst are desires felt and known
by means of the brain, and there is  a special organ
in which these  impressions inhere.
H OXIH'I 
4
               * (Alimentiveness.)
  j±im. — The preservation of the individual.
  Disorders. — Gluttony, drunkenness.
  Its inactivity is accompanied  by want of appe-
tite.
                f Vitativeness.
  A special instinct or desire to live seems to me
highly probable, and  I  look for its organ at  the
basis where the middle and  posterior lobes of the
brain meet each other,  at  the internal border of
combativeness.
              1. — Destructiveness.
  Aim.—Destruction,  and violent death of ani-
mals for the sake of living on their flesh.
  Disorders. — Murder, cruelty.
  Its inactivity prevents destruction.
              2. — Amativeness.
  Aim.—The propagation of the species.
  Disorders.—Fornication, adultery, incest, and
other illegitimate modes of satisfaction.
  Its  inactivity  predisposes  to  passive  conti-
nency.
           3. — Philoprogenitiveness.
  Aim. —The preservation of offspring.
  Disorders. — Too active; it spoils children, or
causes  their loss  to  be felt as an  insupportable
calamity. 
5
   Its inactivity disposes to neglect or to abandon
the progeny.
                4. — Adhesiveness.
   Aim.—Attachment to  all around  us.   It  ap-
pears variously modified, and  produces friendship,
marriage, society, habit, and general attachment.
   Disorders. —Inconsolable grief for  the loss of a
friend.
   Its inactivity predisposes to carelessness  about
others.
                5. — Inhabitiveness.
   Aim. —Animals have peculiar instincts to dwell
in  determinate  localities.  Nature  destined   all
places to be inhabited.
   Disorder. — Nostalgia.

               6. — Combativeness.
   Aim.—Intrepidity and defence.
   Disorders. — Quarrelsomeness, disputation,  at-
tack, anger.
   Its inactivity predisposes to cowardice, timidity,
and  fear.
                7. —  Secretiveness.
   Aim. — To  conceal.  It gives the disposition
and the power to conceal.  It  disposes  to be secret
in thought, word, and deed.
   Disorders. — Cunning, duplicity, falsehood, hy-
pocrisy, dissimulation, intriguing, lying.
               1* 
6
   Its inactivity predisposes  to  be  deceived  by
others.
               8. — Acquisitiveness.
   Aim. — To  acquire  that which is necessary to
our preservation.
   Disorders. — Theft, fraud,  usury, corruptibility.
   Its inactivity makes  one's  own interest  to be
neglected.
              9. —Constructiveness.
   Aim. — Construction  in general.  It gives dex-
terity in the use of tools in  the mechanical arts,
and  of  the brush and chisel in the arts of painting
and sculpture.

                   GENUS  II.
                   Sentiments.
   These faculties join to a propensity an emotion,
or a  feeling,  of a specific kind.  And  hence they
are called sentiments to  distinguish  them  from the
mere propensities.  Several of them  are common
to man  and animals,  and  others  are  peculiar to
man.

     Sentiments common to Man and Animals.

               10. — Cautiousness.
   Aim. — To be cautious and circumspect.   This
sentiment is the basis of fear :  it is  the  chief ingre-
dient in prudence. 
7
   Disorders. — Uncertainty, irresolution, anxiety,
fear,  melancholy.
   Its inactivity predisposes to levity.
            11. — Love of Approbation.
   Aim. — Love  of  approbation  and  distinction.
Desire  of the good opinion of others;  of fame,
of glory.
   Disorders. — Vain glory, vanity, ambition, titles,
distinctions.
   Its inactivity predisposes to indifference  about
the opinion of others.
                12. — Self-Esteem.
   Aim. — Self-esteem, self-interest; it gives  a love
of power.
   Disorders. — Pride, haughtiness, disdain, arro-
gance, insolence.
   Its inactivity predisposes  to humility.
                13. — Benevolence.
   Aim.—Benevolence in  general.   It  produces
kindness,  charity.
   Disorders.—Benevolence to the  undeserving,
or at the expense of others.
   Its inactivity predisposes to selfishness, and not
to regard others.
            Sentiments proper to Man.
   The most important of these feelings  are such
as are in relation with morality and religion. 
8
                14. —Reverence.
  Aim.—To  reverence what  is  venerable,  to
respect what is  great and good.
  Disorders.—Idolatry, bigotry.
  Its inactivity  predisposes to irreverence.

                15. — Firmness.
  Aim.—Firmness, fortitude,  and perseverance.
  Disorders. — Stubbornness, obstinacy, and dis-
obedience.
  Its inactivity predisposes  to inconstancy and
changeableness.
            16.— Conscientiousness.
  Aim. — Justice, conscientiousness, and duty.
  Disorders. — Remorse for actions which  are  in-
nocent, or of no importance.
  Its inactivity predisposes to forgetfulness of duty.

                   17. — Hope.
  Aim. — Hope.   It produces a tendency  to look
forward to the  future with confidence and reliance.
  Disorders. — Love  of scheming.
  Its inactivity predisposes to despair.

               18. —Marvellousness.
   Aim. — Admiration and belief in supernaturality.
   Disorders. — Sorcery, astrology,  the belief in
 demons. 
9
   Its inactivity predisposes to  incredulity in  re-
vealed ideas.

                   19. Ideality.
   Aim. — Perfection.
   Disorders. — Too great exaltation, eccentricity.
   Its inactivity predisposes to taking things as they
are, instead of aspiring after perfection,  and look-
ing for them as they ought to be.

               20.—Mirthfulness.
   Aim. — Glee, mirth, laughter.
   Disorders. —Raillery,  mockery, irony, satire.
   Its inactivity predisposes to seriousness.

                 21. — Imitation.
   Aim. — Imitation, expression in the  arts.  It is
particularly necessary to actors and artists.
   Disorders. — Buffoonery, grimaces.
   Its inactivity hinders expression in the arts,  and
imitation in general.
                ORDER  II.

              Intellectual Faculties.
  The essential nature of the intellectual faculties
is  to procure knowledge.  They  may be  subdi-
vided  into  external senses, perceptive faculties,
and reflective powers. 
10
                    GENUS I.
                External Senses.
  The external senses  do not acquire any knowl-
edge of external objects,  or of their qualities and
relations.   They are  merely  the instruments  by
means of  which the internal  faculties, acted  upon
by external impressions, manifest their activity.
                    GENUS II.
              Perceptive Faculties.
  These faculties procure knowledge of  external
objects, their physical  qualities, and various  rela-
tions.
              22. — Individuality.
  This  power produces the conception of being or
existence; and perceives * physical objects in their
individual capacities.
  23. —  Configuration.
  24. —  Size.
  25. —  Weight.
  26. —  Coloring.
  These  four faculties perceive the four physical
qualities  inseparable from every object, viz. Form,
Size, Weight, and Color.

  * I state only the simplest mode of activity of these
faculties, which is perception. The other modes are mem-
ory and imagination.  They retain and recall what they
have perceived.  This is memory; and they form, out of
the materials observed by  perception, and  stored  up by
memory, new combinations ; — this is imagination.__G. H.
 Calvert. 
11
  27. —Locality.  Perceives the relative position
of places.
  28. — Order.  Perceives the physical arrange-
ment of objects.
  29. —  Calculation.   Power  of  counting  and
combining numbers.   This faculty embraces what-
ever concerns number, unity, and plurality.
  30. — Eventuality.  Perceives facts and events,
and acquires the  knowledge of occurrences or phe-
nomena ;  its essential  nature is  expressed by the
infinitive mood of the part of speech styled verb.
   31.—  Time.   Perceives  the passage of time.
   32. — Tune.   Perceives musical  sounds  and
 their relations.
   33. — Language.   Power of acquiring the arti-
 ficial signs of things and  ideas,  words, and of ar-
 ranging them according to natural laws.
                   GENUS III.
                 Reflective  Powers.
    34. — Comparison.  The power of discovering
 analogies and resemblances.
    35. — Causality.   Traces the  dependences of
 phenomena, and the relation of cause and effect.
    Comparison  and  Causality  together constitute
  that high intellectual operation — reasoning, to
  which both are necessary,  and  in  which  they
  cooperate.  Without them the  mind would be, like
  the earth without the sun, — dark.  They are its
.  guiding light. 
 
 
 
 
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