ARMED FORCES  MEDICAL LIBRARY
     REFERENCE  DIVISION
THE STRUCTURE, COMPOSITION

   AND GROWTH OF  BONE
          1930-1953
A BIBLIOGRAPHY
WASHINGTON, D.C.
  MARCH 1955
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ARMED FORCES MEDICAL LIBRARY

     Reference Division
THE STRUCTURE, COMPOSITION
    AND GROWTH OF BONE
         1930-1953
  A Bibliography

    Compiled by
Marjory C. Spencer
   Bibliographer
        and
  Katherine Uhler
Reference Librarian
Washington, D. C.
   March 1955 
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    WASHINGTON. 0. C.
     ♦References marked with an asterisk were  not accessible
for examination when  the list was   compiled.    This does not
necessarily  mean that   they are not  now  available at   the
Armed Forces  Medical Library.  Conversely, not  all of   the
material   listed without an  asterisk is in the Armed  Forces
Medical Library Collections.
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25 D. C.
-  Price $1.00 
-i-
THE STRUCTURE, COMPOSITION AND GROWTH OF BONE

                 INTRODUCTION
     We have  attempted  to present  here a fairly  comprehensive
listing of the literature on bone,  selected from the sources ap-
pended, and covering  the period 1930 through 1953 with scattered
references to the material of 1954.   The exhaustive  coverage of
the  literature to be found  in W. von MOllendorff's Handbuch der
mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen,  [Berlin, Julius Springer,
1930, Band 2, Teil 2,J  Die Gewebe;  StUtzgewebe,  Knochengewebe,
Skeletsystem,  together with the listings on bone in the  various
series of the Index-Catalogue of the Library of The Surgeon Gene-
ral's Office,  it was felt,  made  the year  1930 an  appropriate
starting point.

     A full definition of the scope may be found in Dr. Johnson's
preface immediately following this.   A few of the bibliography's
limitations  should  be mentioned: (1) It is concerned  primarily
with the physiology of normal bone,  consequently studies on car-
tilage, marrow, the various pathological states of bone,  and its
regeneration and repair  have been introduced only when they pro-
vide  insight  into the  dynamics  of bone.   (2) Tissue  culture
studies are limited  chiefly to in vivo studies.   It was thought
the existence  of the comprehensive work,  A Bibliography of  the
Research  in Tissue  Culture,  1884 to 1950" [M. R. Murray and G.
Kopeck.  New York,  Academic Press, 1953.  2v.]  made unnecessary
the offering of any other than the most basic of in vitro studies.
(3) As background  material a few references,  partly to bibliog-
raphies, are included on the closely related subject of teeth, as
well as  brief lists  on the bridging  subjects of glycoproteins,
crystallography, and collagen,  merely to round out the presenta-
tion .

     The original plan to annotate all the articles listed had to
be  abandoned.   Articles  with  titles  which are  incomplete or
equivocal are,V however,  placed under  subject headings which ex-
pose  their true  subject content.   In addition,  references are
given to printed abstracts, whenever these have been found in the
course of search;  to conserve  space usually  not more  than two
have been  cited for any one entry.   In order to bring this bib-
liography to its users more promptly, not all of the bibliograph-
ic lists  and citations appearing  in the articles examined  were
pursued.

     The arrangement  of the listings  is by subject.   Since the
greater part of the bibliography is concerned with calcification,
growth and development, osteogenesis,  and reconstruction and re-
sorption,  references to specific studies on these processes have
been placed under the method used in the study, when a particular 
-ii-
one was employed,  to avoid massing the citations under a few sub-
ject headings, thus leaving the broader terms  for general studies
on the subjects.   An investigation  on the  effect  of the g^owtn
hormone on endochondral ossification would appear under the head-
ing "Hormonal influence",  for example, while a critical review on
ossification or a study  involving many methods of study would be
placed under "Osteogenesis."

     Abbreviations  for journal titles  are  those  adopted by the
Index-Catalogue of the Library of The Surgeon  General's Office.

     The Armed Forces Medical Library  was fortunate in having as
consultants Dr. Lent C. Johnson of the Armed Forces  Institute of
Pathology,  Dr. William B. Savchuck of the  National Institute of
Dental Research and  Captain C. R. Carr  formerly of the National
Naval Medical Center,  and now at the Miller  Orthopaedic Clinic,
Charlotte,  N. C,  who developed  the scope  and gave  freely of
their time, knowledge,  and energy in an effort to make  the bib-
liography as useful  as possible.   During the early  planning of
the project,  Dr. Franklin C. McLean of the  Department of  Physi-
ology of the University of Chicago,  Dr. Albert E. Sobel, Head of
the Department of Biochemistry of the Jewish Hospital of Brooklyn
and Dr. Edward  C. Reifenstein, Jr.,  Director of  Biological and
Therapeutic Research of the Schering Corporation,  Bloomfield, New
Jersey,  very kindly responded to our requests for suggestions on
coverage with  outlines of their concepts of  the  most pertinent
aspects of the subject.  Dr. McLean further  cooperated by gener-
ously  placing at our disposal his extensive personal file,   col-
lected  over the  past twenty  years,  thus  making  possible  the
checking of  our listings  against  his for  additions  not found
through the usual indexing  and abstracting  services.   Miss Mar-
jory C. Spencer, Bibliographer, Reference Division,   planned and
executed the compilation,   assisted by Mrs.  Katherine Uhler, Ref-
erence Librarian.
ESTELLE BRODMAN
Assistant Librarian
for Reference Services
Washington,  D.  C.
1 March 1955 
-iii-
SOURCES SEARCHED
Biblioteca Scientifica Sovietica  (Istituto Bibliografico
  Italiano)

Biological Abstracts

Bulletin Analytique,  (Centre National de la Recherche
  Scientifique, France)

Chemical Abstracts

Current List of Medical Literature

Donovan, T. R., ed.  English Index to Soviet Medical
  Periodicals, 1945-1947.  London, H. K. Lewis, 1950

Excerpta Medica
  Anatomy, Anthropology, Embryology and Histology - Sect. 1
  Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology - Sect. 2
  Endocrinology - Sect. 3
  Surgery - Sect. 9

Index-Catalogue of the Library of The Surgeon General's
  Office.  Fourth series and its unprinted card supplement
  to April 1950

Nuclear Science Abstracts

Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews

Sovetskoe Meditsinskoe Referativnoe Obozrenie
  Khirurgiia
  Normal'naia i patologicheskaia fiziologiia biokhimiia
    farmakologiia i toksikologiia
  Normal'naia i patologicheskaia morfologiia s embriologiei

Tsentral'nyi Referativnyi Meditsinskii zhurnal 
 -iv-

PREFACE
     The preparation of this  bibliography has been guided by the
realization  that an investigator can generally  trace and  assay
the literature of his own discipline, but that he can less readi-
ly deal with the  seemingly perverse  tendency of authors to con-
ceal  important contributions under deceptive  titles in the lit-
erature of related but unfamiliar fields.  Yet cognizance of such
articles is essential in an era of increasing  biological synthe-
sis  when the classic  boundaries between  disciplines  blur in a
vigorous interchange of techniques.

     Osseous tissue, a bone as an organ,  the skeleton as an organ
system,  have become the subject of particularly intense investi-
gations in  recent years.   The finest  details  of the molecular
structure of fiber  proteins,  the polyelectrolyte  properties of
sugar polymers,  and the  manner of growth  and of orientation of
crystals  have become  as important to the comprehension  of bone
and teeth as the role of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, the kinetics
of cellular enzyme systems,  and the available  concentrations of
calcium and phosphorus.   The dynamics of the cyclic flux and re-
flux of bone formation and destruction, the basic physiology, re-
mains a mystery toward the solution of which more and more disci-
plines are contributing.

     This volume is a catalog  of the  investigations of the past
20 years  that may provide insight into bone,  both those studies
that deal directly  with bone and those  that deal with  subjects
germane  to it.   One might,  for example,  begin a study of  the
function  of bone  by a consideration  of its form.   Today, bone
morphology  ranges from  the gross to the  molecular  levels in a
nearly continuous  hierarchical series of  individual but  inter-
locking  structural patterns.   Particularly rapid  advances have
been  made in the realm  of submicroscopic anatomy by the  use of
such tools as polarized light,  x-ray microscopy, electron micro-
scopy and diffraction patterns.  Interpretation of results so ob-
tained requires  consideration of the molecular  structure of the
chemical constituents of bone.  This leads, in turn,  to the lit-
erature of the  colloid chemistry and of the  macromolecular mor-
phology  of mucopolysaccharides  and of collagens.   Furthermore,
the open  steady-state kinetics of  these organic  components (in
their biologic context) underscores the inadequacy of the concen-
tration-dominated  theories of calcification;  so attention  must
also focus on the structure and dynamics of the isomorphous crys-
tals that characterize the inorganic phase of bone,  and on their
surface  activity, and on  the principles of  crystal dislocation
and growth in colloid systems.

     In bone  all of these  chemical and  physical prosesses  are
carried out by cells, and therefore consideration is given  to the 
V
cells, to the relationships between the cells,  and to the manner
in which they generate,  maintain, and finally destroy  chondroid
and osteoid matrices.  A thorough grasp of normal physiology must
embrace  also the abnormal,  which frequently unmasks basic rela-
tionships otherwise unsuspected.  The controlled distortions pos-
sible, for example, in experimental hyperparathyroidism, rickets,
scurvy, and fractures, and in their recovery patterns, illuminate
the normal from one direction, while the behavior of isolated cell
groups in tissue culture,  transparent chambers, and transplants,
coupled with the search for chondrogenic and osteogenic extracts,
sheds light from another direction.

     That a bone is more  than a tissue,  is in fact an organ, is
clearly apparent in the reports of the varied behavior of partic-
ular portions of the same bone in response to a single metabolic,
circulatory,  or mechanical stress.  How are circulatory  and me-
chanical stresses translated into sharply localized cell activity
which  may even override  the influence  of humoral controls upon
the cell?   Apparently no generally accepted or adequate concepts
are available as yet.  However,  a full account of the succession
of normal  transformations in  the microstructure of human  bone,
from the earliest anlage to post-centenarian stages, is beginning
to appear.   Such structural details  indicating both the kind of
change and the rate of change (with respect to age, race, species,
and individual bones of the skeleton) are fundamental to any sat-
isfactory concept of the mechanism of the change, or of its modi-
fication by circulatory and mechanical influences.   Furthermore,
one finds that bone has not been divorced from its intimate asso-
ciation with the bone marrow on the inside,  and the muscle, ten-
don, and ligament  attachments on the outside, nor from its rela-
tion to other bones as part of an integrated organ system.

      Obviously this bibliography covers a wide range of subjects.
Complete  citation of the literature in every  pertinent field is
not possible, but the central core bearing directly on bone seems
reasonably  complete and a systematic  perusal of the  references
listed in the articles cited should leave few,  if any, important
gaps.   Even though  it covers a limited  period,  key references
have been included which  lead the reader to the earlier  litera-
ture .

     The increasing complexity and specialization of science have
led to the rapid  stockpiling of a massive  world wide literature
which  escapes the apprehension of any single individual; yet the
data, methods and ideas from a variety of disciplines  are needed
for the comprehension of any single field.   The scientist  seems
condemned either to continuous reading  with little time for work,
or to half-blind work with  little appreciation of its full mean-
ing.   Some form  of bibliography  complete with  respect  to its 
-vi-
central theme, which reaches widely but selectively into the ** ~
erature of all related peripheral fields,   is his only hope.
supplies  the raw material  for a theoretical  construction,  en~
couraging each  man to make his own  tentative synthesis and 'pre-
dictions,  from which he may design better experiments.   So c°n~
ceived  and so executed,  the bibliography  serves  as a Powe*?^t
catalyst for accelerating and even  inducing investigations  tnax
may fill the larger gaps in our knowledge, and lead the sooner to
a comprehension of the physiology of bone.   The Armed Forces Medi-
cal Library has put forth a very special effort in producing such
a volume,  and research  workers in many fields will  find  them-
selves increasingly grateful for this contribution.
LENT C. JOHNSON, M.D.
Armed Forces Institute of Pathology
1 December 1954 
-vii-
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 CALCIFICATION - IN BONE AND CARTILAGE
 CARTILAGE - CHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM
           - VARIATIONS WITH AGE AND KINDS OF CARTILAGE
 CELLS
       - OSTEOBLASTS
       - OSTEOBLASTS - BIBLIOGRAPHY
       - OSTEOCLASTS
       - OSTEOCYTES
 CHEMISTRY
           - EXTRA- AND INTRACELLULAR FLUID
           - SULPHUR
           - VARIATIONS WITH AGE AND KINDS OF BONE
 CHEMISTRY,  INORGANIC
                      - CALCIUM
                      - CARBONATE
                      - MAGNESIUM
                      - PHOSPHORUS
                      - SODIUM
                      - TRACE ELEMENTS
                          see TRACE ELEMENTS  and
                          subdivisions
                      - VARIATIONS  WITH AGE AND KINDS
                         OF BONE, see CHEMISTRY -
                         VARIATIONS WITH AGE  AND KINDS
                         OF BONE
 CHEMISTRY,  ORGANIC
                    - CITRIC ACID
                    - COLLAGEN AND  RETICULIN
                        see COLLAGEN AND RETICULIN
                    - ENZYMES
                        see ENZYME  RELATIONSHIPS and
                        subdivisions
                    - GLYCOPROTEINS AND MUCOPOLY-
                        SACCHARIDES
                        see GLYCOPROTEINS  AND MUCOPOLY-
                        SACCHARIDES
                    - LIPOIDS
                    - VARIATIONS WITH AGE  AND KINDS OF
                        BONE
                        see CHEMISTRY - VARIATIONS WITH
                        AGE AND  KINDS OF BONE
CHONDROGENESIS
CIRCULATORY  INFLUENCE
COLLAGEN AND RETICULIN  - BIBLIOGRAPHY
COLLAGEN AND RETICULIN  OF  BONE  AND CARTILAGE
COLLAGEN AND RETICULIN  OF  TISSUES  OTHER THAN BONE
  AND CARTILAGE
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND SURFACE ACTIVITY 
-viii-
PAGE
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
ENZYME RELATIONSHIPS
                     - IN REGENERATION AND REPAIR
                     - PHOSPHATASE
                     - PHOSPHATASE IN REGENERATION AND
                         REPAIR
GENERAL AND REVIEW ARTICLES (For a review on a specific
  subject, see under subject)
GLYCOPROTEINS AND MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES - BIBLIOGRAPHY
GLYCOPROTEINS AND MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES OF BONE AND
  CARTILAGE
            - CHONDROITIN SULFATE
GLYCOPROTEINS AND MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES OF TISSUES OTHER
  THAN BONE AND CARTILAGE
                          - CHONDROITIN SULFATE
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
                       - VARIATIONS WITH AGE, SEX,
                           SPECIES, PARTS AND KINDS
                           OF BONE
HORMONAL INFLUENCE
ADRENAL CORTEX
PANCREAS ISLETS
PARATHYROID
PITUITARY
SALIVARY GLANDS
 see SALIVARY GLANDS - INFLUENCE
SEX HORMONES
SEX HORMONES, FEMALE
SEX HORMONES, MALE
THYMUS, SPLEEN, AND PINEAL BODY
THYROID
MARROW RELATIONSHIPS
MECHANICAL INFLUENCE
METABOLISM
           - SULPHUR
METABOLISM, INORGANIC
METABOLISM, ORGANIC
NEURAL INFLUENCES
NUTRITIONAL INFLUENCE
CALCIUM
CARBONATE
PHOSPHORUS
SODIUM
CARBOHYDRATES
FATS
MINERALS
PROTEIN
STARVATION
OSTEOGENESIS
37
38
40
41

47

49
50

50
52

54
54
55
60
61
63
64
64
70
 75
 76
 81
 82
 83
 86
 87
 96
 96
 96
 99
101
102
104
104
105
106
108
108
109
112
113
114 
-ix-
                                                       PAGE

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES                                    116
                     - VARIATIONS, AGE AND REGIONAL     118
PREGNANCY - EFFECT OF BONE                             118
REGENERATION AND REPAIR                                118
                         - ENZYME RELATIONSHIPS
                            see ENZYME RELATIONSHIPS -
                            IN REGENERATION AND REPAIR;
                            ENZYME RELATIONSHIPS -
                            PHOSPHATASE IN REGENERATION
                            AND REPAIR                 ——-
RESORPTION AND RECONSTRUCTION                          124
RICKETS, EXPERIMENTAL  (including manganese,
  beryllium, strontium and alkali rickets)             126
SALIVARY GLANDS - INFLUENCE                            127
SKELETAL RELATIONSHIPS                                 127
STRUCTURE                                              128
          - AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDIES                   129
          - CRYSTAL
              see CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND SURFACE
              ACTIVITY                                 ---
          - ELECTRONMICROSCOPIC STUDIES                130
          - MECHANICAL INFLUENCE
              see MECHANICAL INFLUENCE                 ---
          - POLARIZED AND OTHER LIGHT STUDIES          130
          - VARIATIONS WITH AGE                        131
          - X-RAY DIFFRACTION STUDIES                  132
          - X-RAY MICROSCOPIC STUDIES                  133
TEETH                                                  134
TISSUE CULTURE                                         134
               - BIBLIOGRAPHY                          135
TISSUE TRANSPLANTS                                     135
TISSUE EXTRACTS                                        142
TRACE ELEMENTS (ADVENTITIOUS AND NORMALLY
  OCCURRING)                                           143
             - COPPER                                  145
             - FLUORINE                                146
             - GALLIUM                                 146
             - IRON                                    147
             - LEAD                                    147
             - MANGANESE                               148
             - PORPHYRINS                              149
             - RADIUM                                  149
             - STRONTIUM                               150
             - URANIUM                                 151
VITAMIN INFLUENCE                                      152
                  - VITAMIN A                          152
                  - VITAMIN B COMPLEXES                154
                  - VITAMIN C                          156
                  - VITAMIN D (including calcium-
                      phosphorus imbalance studies)    158 
-X-
VITAMIN INFLUENCE (Continued)
                  - VITAMIN E
AUTHOR INDEX
VITAMIN G
  see VITAMIN INFLUENCE - VITAMIN
  B COMPLEXES                      ~ZQ
VITAMIN K                          166
VITAMIN P AND PP                   £6? 
THE STRUCTURE, COMPOSITION
    AND GROWTH OF BONE
CALCIFICATION - IN BONE AND CARTILAGE

  see also ENZYME RELATIONSHIPS; ENZYME RELA-
  TIONSHIPS - PHOSPHATASE; HORMONAL INFLUENCE
  - PARATHYROID, and - SEX HORMONES, FEMALE;
  VITAMIN INFLUENCE - VITAMIN D
Bethke, R. M.,  Kick, C. H. and Wilder, W.
  THE EFFECT OF THE CALCIUM-PHOSPHORUS RELA-
  TIONSHIP ON GROWTH, CALCIFICATION AND BLOOD
  COMPOSITION OF THE RAT.  J. Biol. Chem.,
  1932, 98: 389-403.  13 refs.  Abstracted
  in: Chem. Abstr., 1933, 27: 756; Nutrit.
  Abstr., Aberdeen, 1932-33"7 2: No. 3009.
Bevelander, G. and Johnson, P. L.  A HISTO-
  CHEMICAL STUDY OF THE CALCIFICATION OF THE
  MANDIBLE.  J. Dent. Res., 1950, 29: 665.  An
  abstract.  The developing mandible" of the
  pig is investigated with particular reference
  to time relations and intensity of: alkaline
  phosphatase; glycogen; mucopolysaccharides;
  and mineralization.
Bloom, W. and Bloom, M. A.  CABCIFICATION AND
  OSSIFICATION.  CALCIFICATION OF DEVELOPING
  BONES IN EMBRYONIC AND NEWBORN RATS.  Anat.
  Rec, 1940, 78: 497-523.  5 pi.  4 refs.
  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1941,
  15: No. 8598; Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,
  T9"40-41, 10: No. 3586.
 Bloom, W., Bloom, M. A. and McLean, F. C.
   CALCIFICATION AND OSSIFICATION.  MEDULLARY
   BONE CHANGES IN THE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE OF
   FEMALE PIGEONS.  Anat. Rec, 1941, 81: 443-
   475.  4 pi.  23 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
   Abstr., Bait., 1942, 16: No. 9473.  The
   series of changes which" the bone marrow of
   female pigeons undergoes during Hie egg-
   laying cycle were studied with particular
   reference to: "(1) The relations between
   bone matrix and bone salt during the depo-
   sition and removal of bone, (2) the bone-
   forming potentialities of reticular cells,
   and (3) the origin and fate of the cells as-
   sociated with the formation and destruction
   of bone."

5
 Cartier,  P.  BIOCHIMIE DE L'OSSIFICATION.  LE
   ROLE DE L'AQIDE ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHORIQUE
   DANS LA MINERALISATION DU CARTILAGE OSSIFIA-
   BLE.  J. physiol., Par., 1951, 43: 677-678.
   Abstracted in: Brit. Abstr., SecT. AIII,
   1953,  p. 910.  "In vitro ATP is the only
   compound capable of the preliminary miner-
   alisation of long bone cartilages from sheep
   embryos and cannot be replaced by any other
   energy-rich P compound.  The initial com-
   pound formed is an amorphous pyrophosphate
   of Ca." - Brit. Abstr.
Cartier, P.  LES CONSTITUANTS MINERAUX DES
  TISSUS CALCIFIES.  III. LA FRACTION PHOS-
  PHOCALCIQUE LIEE AUX PROTEINES OSSEUSES.
  Bull. Soc. chim. biol., Par., 1949, 3:
  432-440.  21 refs.  Abstracted in: CEem.
  Abstr., 1950, 44: 721h.  Discussion of the
  nature of the protein-bound phosphocalcium
  fraction and of its significance in the
  biochemical processes of ossification.  The
  study is based on earlier experiments of
  this series and contains a review of the
  literature.
Cartier, P.  LES^CONSTITUANTS MINERAUX DES
  TISSUS CALCIFIES.  IV.  LES PREMIERS STADES
  DE L'OSSIFICATION.  Bull. Soc. chim. biol.,
  par., 1951, 33: 155-160.  10 refs.  Embryo
  sheep epiphyses and diaphyses were studied
     -■--------■• levelopment.  A
   transitory initial stage of °^ification
   was observed when phosphorus fixation seeiied
   to occur as a phosphorus-protein combination.
   This was quickly followed by the deposit of
   tricalcium phosphate on the protein matrix
   and the attainment of definitive calcium-
   phosphorus and phosphorus-nitrogen ratios.
   The appearance of the epiphyseal ossified
   nucleuTcoincided with tricalcium phosphate
   impregnation of the surrounding cartilage.

3
 Clemmons, J. J., Freeman, D. J. and Angevine,
   D  M   HISTORADIOGRAPHY APPLIED TO STUDIES
   ON CALCIFYING CARTILAGE MATRIX.  Fed. Proc.,
   Bait., 1954, 13: 425.  An abstract.

9
 Cobb, J. [D.]  CALCIFICATION OF RAT CARTILAGE
   AND BONE.  Anat. Rec, 1949, 103: 531-532.
   An abstract.
10
Copp, D. H., Hamilton,  J. G.,  Jones,  D. C. ,
  Thomson, D. M. and Cramer,  C.  THE  EFFECT
  OF AGE AND LOW PHOSPHORUS RICKETS ON CAL-
  CIFICATION AND THE DEPOSITION OF CERTAIN
  RADIOACTIVE METALS IN BONE.   31p.  Uni-
  versity of California Radiation Laboratory,
  Berkeley, Calif., 1951.  (UCRL-1464)  14
  refs.  Abstracted in: Nuclear Sc Abstr.,
  1951, 5: No. 6951.
11
12
Dallemagne, M. J.  ACQUISITIONS RECENTES DANS
  LE DOMAINE DE LA BIOCHIMIE DE L'OS.   Ann.
  me'd.  chir. centre,  La LouVidre,  1947, 3:  25-
  34.  30 refs.  Also in:  Acta physiother.
  rheumat. belg., 1947, 2: 77-87.   From chemi-
  cal research and x-ray diffraction studies
  it is concluded that bone mineral is com-
  posed of alpha tricalcium phosphate, cal-
  cium carbonate and  magnesium.  The biochemi-
  cal processes of ossification are outlined
  in four stages.  Phosphate fixation  was ob-
  served to follow that of calcium and the
  calcium-phosphorus  ratio, very low in de-
  veloping bone, became stabilized at  2.10 or
  2.20  in adult bone.  The fact that during
  bone  development this ratio is for a time
  1.29  is incidental  and does not  indicate
  precipitation of secondary calcium phos-
  phate.  The literature and the author's own
  work  are reviewed.

Dallemagne, M. J.  LA THEORIE DE LA CALCIFI-
  CATION PRIMAIRE.  Bruxelles m6d., 1947, 27-
  2103-2110.  17 refs.  The theory that the-'
  bone  salts deposited during early bone for-
  mation consist of secondary calcium phos-
  phate is discussed  and repudiated.  "The
  calcium-phosphorus  ratio of 1.29 is  only
  coincidence and does not indicate the pre-
  sence of brushite in developing  bone."
13
Dallemagne, M. J.  THE THEORY OF PRIMARY CAL-
  CIFICATION IN BONE.  Nature, Lond.,  1948,
  161: 115-117.  15 refs.  Abstracted  in:
  Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1949,  23: No.  800;
  Chem. Abstr., 1948, 42: 2997c".
14
15
^SSSXiSSSS"* A-  CONTRIBUTION A L'fiTUDE DU
  PHENOMENE DE LA CALCIFICATION (NOTE PRE-
  LIMIKAIRE).  Arch, roumain. path., Par
  1930, 3: 269-276.  1 ref.   Abstracted in-
  Biol. Ibstr., Bait., 1934, 8: No. 3071.
  "In both Astacus fluviatilis and the dog
  there appears in the blood serum, during
  calcification, a substance which is capable
  of precipitating the Ca in vitro." - Biol
  Abstr.

Du Lac, G.  TROUBLES DE LA CALCIFICATION DU
  SQUELETTE.  Gaz. med. France, 1948, 55:
  381-382.  9 refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta
  med., Sect. 3, 1949, 3: No. 726. 
CALCIFICATION
  tinued)

16
IN BONE AND CARTILAGE (Con-
Eggers-Lura, H.  LES REACTIONS BIOCHIMIQUES
  DU TISSU OSSEUX DANS L'OSSIFICATION ET LA
  RESORPTION.  Minerva stomat., Tor., 1952,
  1: 49-52.  Also in: Odont. tskr., 1951, 59:
  T77-188; Deut. Zahn. & Heilk.,  1952, 15:
  366-374.  An outline and discussion of-the
  processes involved, considers 4  stages of
  bone formation: 1)  formation of  a protein
  matrix; 2) evolution of the matrix, which
  permits fixation of bone salts;  3) precipita-
  tion of calcium phosphate compounds and 4)
  integration of the  salts into the bone sub-
  stance .
17
Gerard, G.  ESTUDIO HISTOQUIMICO DE LA OSI-
  FICACION EN EL HOMBRE.  I. MUCOPOLISACARIDOS
  Y CALCIFICACION EN LA OSIFICAClON DIRECTA.
  Arch. Soc. biol. Montevideo, 1951, 18: 74-
  80.  pi.  English summary.  AbstracTed in:
  Chem. Abstr., 1952, 46: 11372*.
18
Gutman, A. B.  CURRENT THEORIES OF BONE-SALT
  FORMATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ENZYME
  MECHANISMS IN ENDOCHONDRAL CALCIFICATION.
  Bull. Hosp. Joint Dis., N. Y.,  1951, 12:
  74-86.  33 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.
  Abstr., 1952, 46: 6240g.
19
Gutman, A. B. and YU, t. F.  FURTHER STUDIES
  OF THE RELATION BETWEEN GLYCOGENOLYSIS AND
  CALCIFICATION IN CARTILAGE.  Tr.  Conf.
  Metab. Interrelat., 1949, 1.Conf., 11-26.
  Conference discussion: p. 19-26.   10 refs.
20
Hirschman, A.,  Sobel,  A.  E.  and Fankuchen,  I.
  CALCIFICATION.   X.   AN X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  STUDY OF CALCIFICATION IN  VITRO IN RELATION
  TO COMPOSITION.  J.  Biol.  Chem.,  1953,  204:
  13-18. pi.   28  refs.  "X-ray diffraction
  patterns of the material which deposits in
  calcification in vitro show only  the apatite
  lines, despite  the  wide variation in chemi-
  cal composition.  Preformed bone  gives  iden-
  tical patterns, except for orientation  in
  some areas.  X-ray  diffraction patterns
  fail to reveal  the  presence of CaHP04...
  This, however,  does not exclude CaHP04  from
  consideration,  since CaHP04 is converted  to
  apatite when placed in solutions  employed
  for calcification in vitro."
21
Hodge, H. C.  SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE DY-
  NAMICS OF CALCIFICATION.  Tr. Conf.  Metab.
  Interrelat., 1950,  2.meet.,  73-112.   33
  refs.  Abstracted in: Nuclear Sc Abstr.,
  1951, 5: No. 1709.   A review and discussion
  of the evidence for and against the  im-
  portance of secondary calcium phosphate in
  calcification.
22
Howard, J. E,  SOME CURRENT CONCEPTS ON THE
  MECHANISM OF CALCIFICATION.  J. Bone Surg.,
  1951, 33A:  801-806.  51 refs.  Abstracted
  in:  Chem. Abstr., 1953, 47: 4460B; Biol.
  Abstr., Bait.,  1951,  25:~So. 36041.
23
24
25
Karshan, M.  CALCIFICATION OF TEETH AND BONES
  ON RACHITIC AND NON-RACHITIC DIETS.  J.
  Dent. Res., 1933, 13: 301-304.  3 refs.
  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1933, 27: 5379;
  Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1933-34, 3T No.
  3485.


Leblond, C. P. and Be'langer, L. F.  MINERALI-
  ZATION OF BONES AND TEETH AS SHOWN WITH
  RAD IOPHOSPHORUS AUTOGRAPHS.  Anat. Rec,
  1950, 106: 216-217.  An abstract.

Leriche. R.  QUELQUES ASPECTS N0UVEAUX DU
  PROBIJhlE DE L' OSTEOGENESE.  Odontologie,
Par.,  1935, 73: 421-431
p. 465-472.
Discussion:
26
27
Levine, M. D. ,  Rubin, P. S., Follis, R. JJ-i
  Jr. and Howard, J. E.  HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES
  ON CALCINOSIS UNIVERSALIS WITH RESPECT TO
  THE POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NORMAL AMJ
  PATHOLOGICAL CALCIFICATION.  Tr.  Conf.
  Metab. Interrelat., 1949, 1 .Conf., 41-48.
  Conference discussion: p. 46-48.   7 refs.


Logan, M. A.  RECENT ADVANCES IN THE CHEMISTRY
  OF CALCIFICATION.   Physiol. Rev.,  1940,  ^O:
  522-560.  Approx.  250 refs.  Abstracted  in:
  Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1941, 15: No. 14722;
  Chem. Abstr., 1941, 35:  1722*7
28
MacDonald, R. P.  STUDIES ON THE PHYSICAL
  CHEMISTRY OF BONE SALT FORMATION.  J.
  Michigan M. Soc, 1953, 52: 537.  An ab-
  stract .
29
McLean, F.  C. and Bloom,  W.   CALCIFICATION
  AND OSSIFICATION.   CALCIFICATION IN NORMAL
  GROWING BONE.   Anat.  Rec,  1940,  78:  333-
  359.  3 pi.  32 refs.  Abstracted~Tn:  Biol.
  Abstr., Bait.,  1941,  15: No.  8571.
30
McLean, F. C,  Lipton,  M.  A.,  Bloom,  W.  and
  Barron, E. S. G.   BIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN
  CALCIFICATION OF  BONE.   Tr.  Conf.  Metab.
  Aspects Convalesc.,  1946,  14.meet., 9-19.
  12 refs.  Abstracted  in: Chem.  Abstr.,
  1950, 44: 3124*.
31
Marks, P. A.  and Shorr,  E.   A METHOD FOR
  EVALUATING  THE RELATION OF GLYCOGEN TO IN-
  ORGANIC SALT DEPOSITION IN SURVIVING CARTI-
  LAGE SLICES IN VITRO.   Science,  1950, 112:
  752-754. Abstracted in:  Excerpta med.,
  Sect. 2, 1952, 5:  No.  2777.  Findings ob-
  tained by use oT this  technique  are pre-
  sented .
32
Marks, P. A. and Shorr,  E.   FACTORS WHICH
  REGULATE THE DEPOSITION OF CALCIUM AND
  STRONTIUM.  Tr. Conf.  Metab.  Interrelat.,
  1950, 2.meet., 191-202.  12 refs.  Results
  of experiments showed  similarities in the
  deposition patterns of calcium and stron-
  tium and correlation of their deposition
  with the glycose-containing areas.  Results
  with enzyme inhibitors indicated that phos-
  phorylative glycolysis plays a major role
  in calcification and strontification, and
  that neither oxidation, per se, nor the
  citric acid cycle have an important func-
  tion in deposition.
33
Marks, P. A., Hiatt,  H. H.  and Shorr,  e
  FACTORS INFLUENCING DEPOSITION OF CALCIUM
  AND STRONTIUM IN CARTILAGE IN VITRO.  J
  Biol. Chem., 1953,  204: 175-185.  22 refs.
  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1953, 47-
  125536; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1954, 2TJ-
  No. 13015.                         —'
34
Meyer zu Horste, G.  VERKALKUNGSVERSUCHE IN
  VITRO.  DER EINFLUSS DER KOHLEHYDRATE AUF
  DIE VERKALKUNG IN VITRO.  Mschr. Kinderh
  1932, 52: 439-443.  Abstracted in: Nutrit'
  Abstr., Aberdeen, 1932-33, 2: No  1305-
  Chem. Abstr., 1932, 26: 4872.
35
Miller, Z. B., Waldman,  J. and McLean, F. C.
  RAPIDITY OF CALCIFICATION IN VITRO.  Proc.
  Soc Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1952, 79: 606-607.
  4 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol  STi^tr   Rait 
3
CALCIFICATION - IN BONE AND CARTILAGE (Con-
  tinued)

    1952, 26: No. 25192; Chem. Abstr., 1952,
    46: 67728.
36
Minder, W. and Gordonoff,  T.  MODELLVERSUCHE
  UBER DEN CALCIUMEINBAU IM KNOCHEN.  Schweiz.
  med. Wschr., 1953, 83: 825-828.  14 refs.
  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1954, 48:
  46664.                             —
37
Niven, J. S. F. and Robison, R.  THE DEVELOP-
  MENT OF THE CALCIFYING MECHANISM IN THE LONG
  BONES OF THE RABBIT.  Biochem. J., Lond.,
  1934, 28: 2237-2242.  pi.  7 refs.  Ab-
  stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1935, 9:
  No. 15937.  Chem. Abstr., 1935, 29: 30123.
45
46
Roche, J. and Deltour, G. H. .MECANISME DE LA
  CALCIFICATION OSSEUSE ET THEORIE DES "FIXA-
  TEURS DU CALCIUM."  Bull. Acad. m6d., Par.,
  1943, 127: 488-492.  10 refs.


Rosenheim, A. H.  THE EFFECT OF SERUM-PROTEINS
  ON CALCIFICATION IN VITRO.  Biochem. J.,
  Lond., 1934, 28: 699-707.  11 refs.  Ab-
  stracted in: BTol. Abstr., Bait., 1935, 9:
  No. 9174; Chem. Abstr., 1934, 28: 61646.
47
Salpeter,  M.   PERIODIC PRECIPITATION OF CALCIUM
  SALTS IN VARIOUS ORGANIC SUBSTANCES.   J.
  Dent. Res., 1953, 32: 362-366.   Abstracted
  in: Biol. Abstr., T553,  27:  No.  32258.
38
48
Nobel, S.  INHIBITION OF CALCIFICATION IN
  VITRO BY SURFACE ACTIVE COMPOUNDS.  Proc
  Soc Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1950, 75: 142-145.
  16 refs.  "Calcification in vi^Fo of the
  hypertrophic epiphyseal cartilage was found
  to be inhibited by 4.8 x lO-^M sodium
  desoxycholate, 1.9 x 10~3|! soHium cholate,
  1.4 x 10_3M Duponal C, ana" .08% Tween-20.
  By preliminary treatment of rachitic sec-
  tions with higher concentrations of these
  surface active agents for a short time in-
  terval, it was possible to demonstrate in-
  hibition only with the bile salts and Du-
  ponal C."
39
Oya, M.  [INDEX OF ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION]
  Sei i Kai M. J., 1940, 59: 1195-1210.  8
  refs.  English abstract, p. 10.
40
41
Paff, G. H. and Sallman, B.  PROBABLE MECHA-
  NISM OF ALIZARIN INHIBITION OF CALCIFICA-
  TION.  Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1951,
  77: 385-388.  12 refs.  Abstracted in:
  CEem. Abstr., 1951, 45: 8647n; Biol. Abstr.,
  Bait., 1951, 25: No."~3*6880.  "An explanation
  of alizarin sToppage of calcification based
  upon the idea that locally there is a drop
  in the pH is advanced."


Paff, G. H., Angulo, A. W. and Eksterowicz,
  F. C.  THE ZONE OF MINERALIZATION AND THE
  ACTION OF ALIZARIN IN PREVENTING ITS AP-
  PEARANCE IN BONES GROWING  IN TISSUE CUL-
  TURE.  Anat. Rec, 1951, 110: 129-137.  pi.
  4 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
  Bait., 1952, 26: No. 28349.
42
Proell, F. and Diener, A.  MODELL-UND TIERVER-
  SUCHE ZUM PROBLEM DER VERKALKUNG VON KNOCHEN.
  Zschr. Zellforsch., 1933, 18: 244-253.  15
  refs.  Studies on the calcification of bone
  were made in vitro and in vivo on young dogs
  and rats by vital staining and other methods,
43
Robison, R.  THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PHOSPHORIC
  ESTERS IN METABOLISM.  104p.  New York, New
  York University Press, 1932.  8 pi.  Refs.
  following each lecture.  Three Herter Founda-
  tion lectures.  Lecture I. The occurrence of
  phosphoric esters in nature; II. Calcifica-
  tion of cartilage and bone; III. Calcifica-
  tion in vitro.
44
Robison, R. and Rosenheim, A. H.  CALCIFICA-
  TION OF HYPERTROPHIC CARTILAGE IN VITRO.
  Biochem. J., Lond., 1934, 28: 684-698.  pi.
  17 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
  Bait., 1935, 9: No. 9173; Chem. Abstr., 1934,
  28: 61643.  "The nature of the dual calci-
  Tvincr mechanism is discussed in the light of
                         ental results."
Schmidt,  W.  J.   UBER DIE VERKALKUNG  DES KNOR-
  PELGEWEBES DER HAIE.   Zschr.  Zellforsch.,
  1952,  37:  377-388.   18 refs.   Abstracted  in:
  Excerpta med., Sect.  1, 1953,  7: No.  446.
49
Sobel,  A.  E.   THE LOCAL FACTOR IN CALCIFICA-
  TION.  Tr.  Conf. Metab.  Interrelat.,  1950,
  2.meet., 113-143.  31 refs.   Report and
  discussion  of studies which  are interpreted
  as indicating the presence of something  in
  the cellular matrix which combines with
  calcium and favors calcification.
50
Sobel,  A.  E.   STUDIES ON THE  "LOCAL  FACTOR"
  OF CALCIFICATION.   Tr.  Conf.  Metab.  In-
  terrelat.,  1952,  4.Conf.,  113-129.   Con-
  ference  discussion: p.  124-129.  24  refs.
51
Sobel,  A.  E.  and Hanok,  A.   CALCIFICATION.
  VII.  REVERSIBLE INACTIVATION OF CALCIFICA-
  TION  IN VITRO AND RELATED STUDIES.   J.
  Biol. Chem.,  1952,  197:  669-685.   54 refs.
  Abstracted  in: BiolT~5bstr., Bait.,  1953,
  27: No.  1108; Chem.  Abstr.,  1953,  47:  192*.
Sobel,  A.  E.,  Hirschman,  A.,  Goldenberg,  H.,
  Schmerzler,  E.  and Fankuchen,  I.   COMPOSI-
  TION  OF MINERAL DEPOSITED IN IN VITRO CAL-
  CIFICATION IN RELATION  TO FLUID COMPOSITION.
  Fed.  Proc,  Bait., 1953,  12:  270.   An ab-
  stract .
53
Sobel,  A.  E.,  Nobel,  S.  and  Hanok, A.   THE  RE-
  VERSIBLE INACTIVATION  OF CALCIFICATION IN
  VITRO.   Proc.  Soc.  Exp.  Biol.,  N.  Y.,  1949,
  72:  68-72.   26 refs.   Abstracted in:  Biol.
  SEstr.,  Bait., 1950, 24: No.  4248.
54
Sontag, L. W. and Pyle,  S.  I.   VARIATIONS IN
  THE CALCIFICATION PATTERN IN EPIPHYSES; THEIR
  NATURE AND SIGNIFICANCE.   Am. J.  Roentg.,
  1941, 45: 50-54.  7 refs.
55
Urist, M. R. and McLean, F. C.  CALCIFICATION
  AND OSSIFICATION.  I. CALCIFICATION IN THE
  CALLUS IN HEALING FRACTURES IN NORMAL RATS.
  J. Bone Surg., 1941, 23: 1-16.  30 refs.
  Abstracted in: Biol. 3Tb"str., Bait., 1941,
  15: No. 14904.
56
Urist, M. R. and McLean, F. C.  CALCIFICATION
  AND OSSIFICATION.  II. CONTROL OF CALCIFICA-
  TION IN THE FRACTURE CALLUS IN RACHITIC
  RATS.  J. Bone Surg., 1941, 23: 283-310.  20
  refs.
57
Yoshitomi, M.  EXPERIMENTELLE UNTERSUCHUNG
  UBER DAS WACHSTUM UND DIE VERKALKUNG DES 
CALCIFICATION
  tinued)
IN BONE AND CARTILAGE (Con-
KHOCHENS.   (AUSGEFUHRT AN FEMUREN VON
HUHNEREMBRYONEN DURCH KULTUREN IN VITRO.)
J. Biochem., Tokyo, 1935, 21: 37-54.  23
refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1935,
29:
35,
2589
8.
5:  No. 692.
Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1935-
58
YU, T. F. and Gutman, A.  EFFECT OF BERYLLIUM
  ON IN VITRO CALCIFICATION OF CARTILAGE.
  Proc Soc Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1950, 75: 481-
  484.  21 refs.                      —
See:
83	213	321	322	464
472	498	555	558	884
914	947	952	959	963
965	1186	1222	1226	1228
1261	1355	1389	1398	1408
1484	1535	1766	1920	1928
1942	1943	1949	1953	2012
2013	2017	2018	2019	2041
2329	2408	2410	2585	2603
2621	2624	2633	2664	2672
2703	2704	2723	2734	2746
2782	2786	2802	2809	2820
2958				
CARTILAGE - CHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM

  see also COLLAGEN AND RETICULIN and sub-
  divisions; GLYCOPROTEINS AND MUCOPOLY-
  SACCHARIDES and subdivisions
59
60
Bacsich, P. and Wlassics. T. A.  PORCSEJTEK
  3SIRTARTALMANAK AZ EGYEN TAPLALTSAGI FOKAVAL
  ES A TUBERCULOSISSAL KAPCSOLATOS VALTOZASA.
  [THE VARIATION OF THE FAT CONTENT OF CAR-
  TILAGE CELLS IN RELATION TO THE DIET AND TO
  TUBERCULOSIS]  Magy. orv. arch., 1932, 33:
  274-281.  21 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.
  Abstr., 1933, 27: 336.  "A study was made of
  all 3 kinds of cartilage (costal cartilage,
  epiglottis, intervertebral meniscus) of 100
  individuals.  ...  In health the quantity of
  fat in the cells of the cartilages stands in
  linear relation to the degree of nourishment.
  Neither age nor the different (acute) dis-
  eases have any great influence upon the
  quantity of fat in the cells of the carti-
  lages.  There is an exception in tuberculo-
  sis cases in which much higher fat values
  were found than were expected from the diet.
  This seems to be due to the battle of the
  organism against tuberculosis.  This proves
  that the cartilaginous tissue has a more im-
  portant part in the metabolism of the or-
  ganism and in the immunobiological functions
  than has been attributed to it." - Chem.
  Abstr.


Bostrbm, H.  CHEMICAL AND AUTORADIOGRAPHIC
  STUDIES ON THE SULPHATE EXCHANGE IN SULPHO-
  MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES.  Ark. kern., Stockh.,
  1953,  6: 43-57.   43 refs.
61
Bostrom, H. and Mansson, B.  FACTORS INFLUENC-
  ING THE EXCHANGE OF THE SULPHATE GROUP OF
  THE CHONDROITIN SULPHURIC ACID OF CARTILAGE
  IN VITRO.  Ark. kern., Stockh., 1953, 6: 23-
  37.  24 refs.
62
Bostrom, H. and Odeblad, E.  THE INFLUENCE OF
  CORTISONE UPON THE SULPHATE EXCHANGE OF
  CHONDROITIN SULPHURIC ACID.  Ark. kern.,
  Stockh., 1953, 6: 39-42.  9 refs.  Ab-
  stracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1953, 47: 8784f.
63
Bowie, M. A.  PHYSIOLOGY OF JOINT TISSUE.  M
  Clin. N. America, 1940, 24: 1621-1632.  41
  refs.
64
65
Bowie, M. A., Rosenthal, O. and Wagoner, G.
  OBSERVATIONS ON RESPIRATION IN ARTICULAR
  CARTILAGE.  Ann. Rheumat. Dis.,  Lond.,
  1941, 2: 216-223.  7 refs.


Boyd, E. S.  OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AND CHONDROITIN
  SULFATE SYNTHESIS BY CHICK EMBRYONIC CARTI-
  LAGE.  Fed. Proc, Bait., 1953,  12:  385.  An
  abstract.
66
 Boyd,  E.  S.   STUDIES ON CARTILAGE.   103p.
   University  of  Rochester Atomic Energy Pro-
   ject, Rochester, N. Y., 1953.  (UR-245).
|  Abstracted  in: Nuclear Sc Abstr.,  1954, 8:
"  No.  183.
67
Boyd, E. S. and Neuman, W. F.  THE SURFACE
  CHEMISTRY OF BONE.  V. ION-BINDING PROPER-
  TIES OF CARTILAGE.  J. Biol.  Chem., 1951,
  193: 243-251.  19 refs.  Abstracted in:
  BTol. Abstr., Bait., 1952,  26:  No. 5641.
  "Veal costal cartilage showed equal binding
  capacities for sodium, calcium, and barium.
  This capacity correlated closely with the
  sulfate content,  indicating that chon-
  droitin sulfate was responsible for the
  major portion of  the binding.  Phosphate
  was taken up from solution  only by carti-
  lage containing appreciable amounts of
  calcium.  The binding of calcium by car-
  tilage was shown  to be an ion-exchange
  reaction."
68
Brower, T.  D.,  Eichelberger,  L.  and Roma,  M.
  DISTRIBUTION OF WATER,  ELECTROLYTES,  NITRO-
  GEN AND CHONDROITIN SULFATE IN HYALINE CAR-
  TILAGES.   Fed.  Proc,  Bait.,  1951,  10: 167.
  An abstract.
69
Bywaters, E. G. L.  METABOLISM OF CARTILAGE.
  Nature, Lond., 1936, 138: 30-31.  2 refs.
  Abstracted in: Chem. IBstr., 1936, 30:
  71777.
70
Campbell, D. and Persson, B. H.  USE OF TRACK
  AUTORADIOGRAPHY IN STUDIES ON THE SULFUR
  METABOLISM OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE.   PRELIMI-
  NARY RESULTS OBTAINED ON ADULT CARTILAGE.
  Bxperientia, Basel, 1951, 7:  304-306.  9'
  refs.
71
72
73
74
Cohen, J., Schwartz, R. and Wallace, w  M
  LESIONS OF EPIPHYSEAL CARTILAGE AND SKELE-
  TAL MUSCLE IN RATS ON A DIET DEFICIENT IN
  POTASSIUM.  A.M.A. Arch. Path , 1952  54-
  119-131.  12 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem"'
  Abstr., 1952, 46; 10318b.

Dickens, F. and Weil-Malherbe, H.  METABOLISM
  OF CARTILAGE.  Nature, Lond., 1936, 138:
  125-126.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr---
  1936, 30: 71937.  "Thus cartilage gives
  further support to the view previously ex-
  pressed that the metabolic type depends on
  the relationship between oxygen supply and
  energy requirements of the tissue."

DiStefano, V., Neuman, w. F. and Rouser  G
  THE ISOLATION OF A PHOSPHATE ESTER FRfw
  CALCIFIABLE CARTILAGE.  X7ch . iIo5h™
  N. Y., 1953, 47: 218-220.  7 refs   Ab'
  stracted in: CEem. Abstr., 1954   48:
  2145c.   "... its presence'correlates well
  with ability of the cartilage preparation
  to calcify in vitro."


Eichelberger, L. and Roma, M.  EFFECT OF age
  ON THE HISTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF
  HYALINE CARTILAGES.  Fed. Proc , Bait
  1953, 12: 200.  An abstract. 
CARTILAGE - CHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM (Con-
  tinued)
75
76
Eichelberger, L., Brower, T. D. and Roma, M.
  HISTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF INORGANIC
  CONSTITUTENTS, CONNECTIVE TISSUE AND THE
  CHONDROITIN SULFATE OF EXTRACELLULAR AND
  INTRACELLULAR COMPARTMENTS OF HYALINE CAR-
  TILAGES.  Am. J. Physiol., 1951, 166: 328-
  339.  21 refs.  Chemical data for the values
  of cartilages from trachea, septa, ventral
  ends of the ribs, and from the surfaces of
  bones within the joints are presented.


Ekholm, R.  ARTICULAR CARTILAGE NUTRITION.
  HOW RADIOACTIVE GOLD REACHES THE CARTILAGE
  IN RABBIT KNEE JOINTS.  Acta anat.,  Basel,
  1951, 11:  Suppl. No. 15.  76p.  Approx.
  105 reTs.   Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
  Bait., 1951, 25: No. 34060.
77
Fawns, H. T. and Landells, J. W.  HISTOCHEMI-
  CAL STUDIES OF RHEUMATIC CONDITIONS.  I.
  OBSERVATIONS ON THE FINE STRUCTURES OF THE
  MATRIX OF NORMAL BONE AND CARTILAGE.  Ann.
  Rheumat. Dis., Lond., 1953, 12: 105-113.  8
  refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. ffBstr., 1953,
  47: 10692®; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1953, 27:
  Ho. 5915.                              —
78
Fell, H. B. and Robison, R.  GLYCOGEN IN CAR-
  TILAGE.  Nature, Lond., 1933, 131:  62.
  Comment on Harris' article (Nature, Lond.,
  1932, 130: 996-997) in which the presence
  of glycogen in hypertrophic cartilage cells
  is correlated with a secretion of phos-
  phatase of these cells.  Fell and Robison
  point out that osteoblasts also secrete
  phosphatase.
79
Fisher, A. G. T.  THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS
  OF SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE AND ARTICULAR CARTILAGE.
  Brit. M. J., 1939, 2: 390-393.
80
Follis, R. H., Jr.  CARTILAGE AND BONE MATRIX:
  CHEMICAL STRUCTURE, FORMATION AND DESTRUC-
  TION.  Tr. Conf. Metab. Interrelat., 1952,
  4.Conf., 11-31.  Conference discussion:
  p. 28-31.  44 refs.
81
FUrth, O., Bruno, T., Boyer, R. and Peschek,
  K.  UEBER DEN CHEMISCHEN AUFBAU DER KNORPEL-
  SUBSTANZ.  Wien klin. Wschr., 1937, 50:  713-
  715.  A review of pertinent literature and
  analytical study of the chemical structure
  of cartilage.
82
Gardner, E.  PHYSIOLOGY OF MOVABLE JOINTS.
  Physiol. Rev., 1950, 30: 127-176.  521
  refs.
83
Gendre, H.  LE GLYCOGENE DANS LES CARTILAGES
  EN VOIE D'OSSIFICATION.  Bull, histol.
  appl., Lyon, 1938, 15: 165-178.  Abstracted
  in: Chem. Abstr., 1938, 32: 85126; Nutrit.
  Abstr., Aberdeen, 1938-397 8: No. 3475.
84
Harris, H. A.  GLYCOGEN IN BONE CARTILAGE.
  Nature, Lond., 1932, 130: 996-997.  Ab-
  stracted in:  Chem. AbsTf.,  1933, 27: 1666.
  The association of glycogen with phosphatase
  in senescent cartilage cells is discussed.
85
Hass, G. M.  STUDIES OF CARTILAGE:  III. A NEW
  HISTOCHEMICAL REACTION WITH HIGH SPECIFICITY
  FOR CARTILAGE CELLS.  Arch. Path., Chic,
  1942, 33: 174-181.
86
and Oarthwaite, B.  STUDIES OF
              ON MEDIUMS OF DIF-
87
FERENT PH VALUES ON THE COMPOSITION OF
CARTILAGE.  Arch. Path., Chic, 1942, 33:
145-162.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
Bait., 1942, 16: No. 16217.
Hiatt, H. H. and Shorr, E.  INFLUENCE OF OXY-
  GEN TENSION ON TETRAZOLIUM REDUCTION BY EPI-
  PHYSEAL CARTILAGE OF RACHITIC RATS IN VITRO.
  Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1953, 82: 543-
  546.  11 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.TTbstr.,
  1953, 47: 6506e.   Thin slices of epiphyseal
  cartilSge, cut from the upper tibiae of
  young, mildly rachitic rats, were incubated
  in a solution of 2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium
  chloride under aerobic and anaerobic condi-
  tions.  It was observed that the tetrazolium
  was "much more intensively reduced to its
  formazon in nitrogen than in oxygen" and
  that "the reduced formazon was deposited
  within the cartilage cell."  This was con-
  sidered "additional evidence for the exist-
  ence of oxidative enzyme systems in carti-
  lage cells."  The literature is reviewed.
88
Hills, G. M.  THE METABOLISM OF ARTICULAR
  CARTILAGE.  Biochem.  J.,  Lond.,  1940,  34:
  1070-1077.  24 refs.   Abstracted in:
  Chem. Abstr., 1940, 34:  87503.
89
Holmdahl,  D.  E.   ETWAS UBER DIE MORPHOPHYSIO-
  LOGIE DES GELENKKNORPELS.  Anat. Anz.,  1951,
  97: 101-103.
90
Ikuta,  A-   STUDIEN UBER DAS GLYKOGEN UND DIE
  MUCHSAURE IN KNORPEL.   Fukuoka acta med.,
  1935, 28:  25-26.  An  abstract.  Abstracted
  in:  Nutrit.  Abstr., Aberdeen, 1935-36, 5:
  No.  453;  Chem.  Abstr.,  1936, 30: 4542*.
91
Ingelmark,  B.  E.   THE  NUTRITIVE  SUPPLY AND
  NUTRITIONAL  VALUE  OF SYNOVIAL  FLUID.  Acta
  orthop.  scand.,  1950/51,  20: 144-155.   16
  refs.
92
Ingelmark,  B.  E.  and Saaf,  J.   UBER DIE
  ERNXHRUNG DES GELENKKNORPELS  UND DIE
  BILDUNG DER  GELENKFLUSSIG KEIT  UNTER VER-
  SCHIEDENEN FUNKTIONELLEN  VERHALTNISSEN.
  Acta orthop. scand.,  1947-1948, 17: 303-
  357.  English summary:  p. 350-3577  23
  refs.
93
Kawamura,  R.  and Yamaguchi,  M.
  KNORPEL- UND KNOCHENSYSTEMS.
  jap., 1933, 23:  235-237.
DIE FETTE DES
Tr. Soc.  path.
94
Lacapere, J.,  Drieux,  H.  and Delaville,  G.
  ETUDES CHIMIQUES SUR LE DISQUE INTERVERTE-
  BRAL.  Presse med.,  1953,  61:  848-849.
95
Lambertini, G.  SULLE MODIFICAZIONI DEL PAR-
  TICOLARE APPARATO DELLE CELLULE CARTILAGINEE
  IN CONDIZIONI PATOLOGICHE SPONTANEE E SPERI-
  MENTALI, STUDIATO CON IL METODO VII DEL
  DONAGGIO.  Boll. Soc. ital. biol. sper.,
  1931, 6: 1076-1078.  2 pi.
96
Laskin, D. M. and Sarnat,  B.  G.  THE METABO-
  LISM OF FRESH, TRANSPLANTED,  AND PRESERVED
  CARTILAGE.  Surg. Gyn. Obst., 1953, 96:
  493-499.  8 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
  Abstr., Bait., 1953, 27: No.  24547.  A
  study to compare manometrically the res-
  piration and anaerobic glycolysis phases
  of carbohydrate metabolism in costal car-
  tilage of the rabbit. 
6
CARTILAGE - CHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM  (Con-
  tinued)
97
Laskiff, D. M., Sarnat, B. G. and Bain, J  A
  RESPIRATION AND ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS OF
  TRANSPLANTED CARTILAGE.  Proc. Soc. Exp
  Biol., N. Y., 1952, 79: 474-476.  8 refs.
  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1952,
  26: No. 25190; Chem. Abstr., 1952, 46:
  B2231.                             —
98
   Lindahl, O.  ON CHANGES IN THE CHLORINE CON-
     TENT OF PATELLAR CARTILAGE AND INTERVERTE-
     BRAL DISCS ASSOCIATED WITH DEGENERATION.
     Acta orthop. scand., 1948, lji: 28-31.  4
     refs.  By examining the chloride content in
     normal and degenerated cartilage, it was
     found that there is an increase up to 100%
     of chloride in degeneration.  The process
     of cartilage degeneration is summarized as
     follows: "Acidosis in the body fluids;
     passage of chloride into non-buffered tis-
     sues, including cartilage; displacement of
     chondroitin sulphuric acid, and with it
     reduced resistance of the cartilage to
     mechanical wear and tear; degeneration of
     those parts of the cartilage which are
     most subjected to mechanical wear and
     tear."

 99
   Lindahl, 0.  UBER DEN WASSERGEHALT DES KNORPELS.
     Acta orthop. scand., 1947, 17: 134-136.  3
     refs.  Abstracted in: ExcerpTa medi, Sect. 5,
     1948, 1: No. 518.

 100
   Lussier, J. P.  MODIFICATIONS HISTOLOGIQUES DU
     CARTILAGE DE CONJUGAISON CHEZ LE RAT AU
     COURS DU JEUNE PROTEIQUE.  Rev. canad.
     biol., 1951, 10:  33-41.   2 pi.  3 refs.  Ab-
     stracted in: Tfiltrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,
     1951-52, 21: No.  2201;  Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
     1952, 26:~No. 473.

 101
   MacConaill, M. A.  THE MOVEMENTS OF BONES AND
     JOINTS.  IV. THE  MECHANICAL STRUCTURE OF
     ARTICULATING CARTILAGES.   J. Bone Surg.,
     1951, 33B:  251-257.   13  refs.  "It is the
     purpose of this paper to show that the amount
     of collagen in hyaline  cartilage is much
     greater than has  been commonly supposed,  and
     that its distribution is exactly that called
     for by the impact of stress upon the ar-
     ticulating surfaces."

 102
   Matthews, B. F.  COMPOSITION OF ARTICULAR
     CARTILAGE IN OSTEOARTHRITIS.  Brit. M. J.,
     1953, 2: 660-661.  5 refs.  Abstracted in:
     Chem. Abstr., 1953,  47:  12593C; Excerpta
     med., Sect. 5, 1954,~T:  No. 1091.

 103
   Montagna,  W.   GLYCOGEN AND LIPIDS IN HUMAN
     CARTILAGE,  WITH SOME CYTOCHEMICAL OBSERVA-
     TIONS ON THE CARTILAGE OF THE DOG,  CAT AND
     RABBIT.   Anat.  Rec, 1949, 103:  77-92.   pi.
     32 refs.  Abstracted in:  BioT7 Abstr.,
     Bait.,  1949,  23:  No. 23966.

 104
   Nasonov,  N.  V.   ZNACHENIE  KHRIASHCHA  V F0RM0-
     OBRAZOVANII U AKSOLOTLIA.   THE ROLE OF CAR-
     TILAGE IN FORMATIONS IN AXOLOTLS.   C.  rend.
     Acad.  sc.  URSS, 1935,  1:  413-421.   In Rus-
     sian  and English.   5 refs.

105
  Ogino,  T.   [UBER DAS VORKOMMEN DES GLYKOGENS
     IN KNORPELZELLEN DER KNORPELKNOCHENGRENZE
    DER RATTENRIPPE]  Tr. Soc.  path,  jap.,  1935,
    25: 470-472.

106
  Paulson, S., Sylven, B., Hirsch, C. and
    Snellman, O.  BIOPHYSICAL AND  PHYSIOLOGICAL
    INVESTIGATIONS ON CARTILAGE AND OTHER
MESENCHYMAL TISSUES.  III. THE DIFFUSION
RATE OF VARIOUS SUBSTANCES IN NORMAL Buvinis
NUCLEUS PULPOSUS.  Biochem. biophys. acta,
Amst., 1951, 7: 207-213.  13 refs.  Ab-
stracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1952, 46: 60S  .
107
   Polonovski,  M.  and  Cartier,  P.   SUR LE  PRE-
     MIER STADE BIOCHIMIQUE  DE  L>OSSIFICATION.
     C.  rend. Acad.  sc.,  1951,  232:  119_1^;  z
     refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 195*»
     45:  5793f;  Biol.  Abstr., Bait.,  1952,  26:
     No.  18449.   In  biochemical experiments in
     calcification of  the ossifiable  cartilage
     of  the long bones of the sheep embryo  only
     adenosine  triphosphoric acid  led to rapid
     and  marked  calcification.

 108
   Polonovski,  M.  and  Picard, J.   ACTION DES
     PHOSPHATES  ET DES ESTERS PHOSPHORIQUES SUR
     LA MINERALISATION DU CARTILAGE OSSIFIABLE
     PAR  L"ACIDE ADENOSINETRIPHOSPHORIQUE.  C.
     rend. Acad.  sc.,  1952,  235: 669-670.   2
     refs.  Abstracted in: CHem". Abstr., 1953,
     47:  10029i;  Brit.  Abstr.,  Sect.  AIII,  1953,
     p. 471.  Sections of ossifiable  cartilage
     of the sheep embryo  placed in solutions
     containing  orthophosphates or other phos-
     phoric esters,  showed increased  minerali-
     zation in  the presence  of  adenosine tri-
     phosphoric  acid.

 109
   Polonovski, M., Cartier,  P.  and Picard,   J.
     EFFET DU GLUCOSE ET DU GLYCOGENE SUR LA
     MINERALISATION  IN VITRO DU CARTILAGE OS-
     SIFIABLE NORMAL.  C. rend.  Acad. sc.,
     1953, 237:   1287-1289.  2 refs.  Abstracted
     in:  Chem. Abstr., 1954, 48: 4085f; Brit.
     Abstr. M. Sc,  1954, p. 6"4"6.   Experimental
     mineralization of sections of normal ossi-
     fiable cartilage of  the sheep embryo dem-
     onstrated a marked antagonism between
     glycolysis and mineralization by adenosine
     triphosphoric acid.

 110
   Rizzoli, C. and Mastrobuono,  M.   OSSERVAZIONI
     ISTOCHIMICHE  SULLA CARTILAGINE JALINA.  Boll,
     Soc. ital.  biol. sper., 1953,  29: 1418-1421.
     4 refs.

 Ill
   Rosenthal,  F.  DAS HARNSXUREBINDUNGSVERMOQEN
     DES  KNORPELS.  Zschr. ges.  exp. Med   1931
     79:   536-537.  7 refs.  Abstracted in!  Chem'
    ATJstr., 1932, 26:  4644.

 112
   Rosenthal,  O., Bowie, M.  A.  and  Wagoner   G
     THE DEHYDROGENATIC ABILITY OF BOVINE ARTICU-
     LAR CARTILAGE IN RELATION TO  ITS AGE   J
    Cellul. Physiol.,  1942, 19: 333-340 '  7 refs
    Abstracted  in: Chem. AbsTr.,  1942, 36:  5229$

 113
  Rosenthal,  0., Bowie, M.  A.  and  Wagoner   G
    METABOLISM  OF CARTILAGE, BOVINE  WITh'par
    TICULAR REFERENCE TO THE EFFECTS OF AGINT
     J. Am. M. Ass.,  1940, 115:  2114-2115.

 114
  Rosenthal,  0., Bowie, M.  A.  and  Wagoner   r
    THE NATURE  OF THE DEHYDROGENATIC ABILTTv""
    OF BOVINE ARTICULAR CARTILAGE    J  c«li»i
    Physiol.,  1942,  19: 15-28.   20 refs   Ah
    stracted  in: BioTT Abstr.,  Bait  , 1942  T«
    No.   12046;  Chem. Abstr., l942, 36: 25748™:


115
  Rosenthal,  0., Bowie. M.  A.  and  Wa«ron«T.   *
    STUDIES IN  THE METABOLISM OF ARTICULA* ri*_
    TILAGE.   I. RESPIRATION AND GLYCOLYSIS Sf
    CARTILAGE IN RELATION TO ITS AGE   J
    Cellul.  Physiol.,  1941,  17: 221-233 '   12
    refs.  Abstracted  in: Chem. Abstr  ,1941.
    35:  44489. 
7
CARTILAGE - CHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM (Con-
  tinued)

116
 ♦Sebruyns, M.  DE HISTOTOPOCHEMIE VAN HET GLYCO-
    GEN EN DE ALCALISCHE PHOSPHATASE IN HET EM-
    BRYONNAIRE EN JONGE KRAAKBEEN.  Natuurw.
    Tijdschr., Ghent, 1950, 32: 110-114.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. AbstrTT Bait., 1951, 25:
    No. 5293; Chem. Abstr., 1952, 46: 10336e~

117
  Silber, W.  UBER DIE MINERALSTOFFE DES
    KNORPELS.  Biochem. Zschr., 1933, 257: 363-
    370.  11 refs.  Abstracted in: Nutrit.
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 1933-34, 3: No. 529.

118
  Sousa Pereira.  A INVERSAO.DE CART.ILAGEM DE
    CONJUGAClO E A SUA INFLUENCIA SOBRE O TRA-
    BALHO DE OSSIFICACAO ENCONDRAL E SOBRE O
    CRESCIMENTO DO 6SSO  (ESTUDO EXPERIMENTAL).
    Impr. med., Lisb., 1936,  2_: 393-404.  French
    translation in: Lyon chir., 1936, 34: 513-
    541.

 119
   Sylven,  B.   BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS  OF THE PHYSI-
     OLOGY OF HYALINE CARTILAGE.   Acta orthop.
     scand.,  1948,  18:  21-27.

120
  Sylven, B.  BIOPHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL
    INVESTIGATIONS ON LUMBAR  DISKS.  J. Bone
    Surg., 1951, 33A: 1034.   An abstract.  Ab-
    stracted in: CEem. Abstr., 1953, 47:  5523*.

121
  Sylven, B.  CARTILAGE AND CHONDROITIN SULPHATE.
    II. CHONDROITIN SULPHATE  AND THE PHYSIOLOGI-
    CAL OSSIFICATION OF CARTILAGE.   J. Bone Surg.
    1947, 29: 973-976.  15 refs.  Abstracted in:
    ExcerpTa med., Sect.  5, 1948, 1: No.  517.
    Young rats, rat embryos and one  human foetus
    were used in this study.   It  was observed
    that in  undecalcified sections  of bone,
    stained  by a metachromatic technique, the
    calcified portions of cartilage  and bone
    did  not  show the metachromatic  staining
    property.  This  finding was interpreted as
    indicating  that  the  absence of  the  staining
    material was due  to  removal of  chondroitin
    sulfate  during conversion of  cartilage ma-
    trix to  bone matrix.
122
Sylven, B. , Paulson, S., Hirsch, C. and Snell-
  man, 0.  BIOPHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL IN-
  VESTIGATIONS ON CARTILAGE AND OTHER MESEN-
  CHYMAL TISSUES.  II. THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF
  BOVINE AND HUMAN NUCLEI PULPOSI.  J. Bone
  Surg., 1951, 33A: 333-340.  31 refs.  Ab-
  stracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1953, 47: 3445f;
  Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1951, 25: No. 31054.
  "Data on collagen and other structural sub-
  stances, such as chondroitin sulfate." -
  Chem. Abstr.
123
Tinacci, F.  OSSERVAZIONI SUL METABOLISMO
  LIPIDICO DEL TESSUTO CARTILAGINEO.  Riv.
  biol., 1952, 44: 253-263. 50 refs.  Eng-
  lish summary, p. 264-265.
124
Tinacci  F. and Agostini, C.   SULLA STEATOSI
  SPERIMENTALE DELLA CARTILAGINE:  IL COMPORTA-
  MENTO DEL GLICOGENO ENDOCELLULARE.  Riv.
  biol., 1952, 44:  369-379.   3 pi.  24 refs
  English summaFy,  p. 377-379.   Abstracted in:
  Chem. Abstr., 1953, 47: 10735f.
125
Vinogradova, T. P.  O NEKOTORYKH OSOBEN-
  NOSTIAKH R0STA POZVONKOV CHELOVEKA.  [CER-
  TAIN PECULIARITIES OF GROWTH OF THE HUMAN
  VERTEBRAE]  Arkh. pat., Moskva, 1951, 13:
  No. 3, 73-76.  9 refs.  Results of a study
  on the growth and composition of the inter-
  vertebral discs, using 40 corpses of various
                            ar olds.
  Wagoner, G., Rosenthal, 0. and Bowie, M. A.
    STUDIES OF THE CELL IN NORMAL AND ARTHRITIC
    BOVINE CARTILAGE.  Am. J. M. Sc., 1941, 201:
    489-495.  "Histologic and metabolic studies
    of articular cartilage cells from young,
    adult and old cattle."

127
  Winter, W.  BEITRAGE ZUR KENNTIS DER QUANTITA-
    TION ZUSAMMENSETZUNG DES KNORPELGEWEBES.
    Biochem. Zschr., 1932, 246:  10-28.  Approx.
    35 refs.  Abstracted inTTJhem.  Abstr., 1932,
    26: 3562.

128
  Wlassics, T.  UBER DEN ZUSSAMMEHANG DER
    XNDERUNG DES FETTGEHALTES DER ZELLEN DES
    HYALINEN KNORPELS MIT DEM ERNAHRUNGSGRAD
    DES INDIVIDUUMS.  Zschr. mikr.  anat.
    Forsch., 1930, 22: 220-226.   5 refs.

See:
19 1292	31 1359	434 1360	435 1475	1108 1501
1537	1697	1924	2792	
CARTILAGE - VARIATIONS WITH AGE AND KINDS OF
  CARTILAGE

129
  Amprino, R.  DECORSO DELLE FIBRILLE COLLAGENE
    NELLA CARTILAGINE E SUA IMPORTANZA DAL PUNTO
    DI VISTA MECCANICO NELLE VARIE ETA.  Monit.
    zool. ital., 1938, 48: Suppl.,  123-127.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. ATJstr., Bait., 1939, 13:
    No. 5910.  The arrangement of  collagen fT^
    brils in the hyaline cartilage of individuals
    of different ages was studied  by special
    staining and polarized light,  which overcame
    the masking of the fibrils by  chondromucoid.
    It was observed that in tracheal cartilage
    the arrangement varied little  with age but
    pronounced modifications were  noted in ar-
    ticular cartilage, indicating  a response to
    stress.  This seemed to agree  in some re-
    spects with Benninghoff's theory.

130
  Amprino, R.  STUDI SUL SIGNIFICATO MECCANICO
    DELLE FIBRILLE COLLAGENE DELLA CARTILAGINE
    JALINA DELL'UOMO.  RICERCHE DESCRITTIVE E
    SPERIMENTALI IN INDIVIDUI DI VARIA ETA.
    Zschr. Zellforsch., 1938, 28:  734-760.  33
    refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1939, 13: No. 9706.  By a silver staining
    methodThe arrangement of the  collagen fi-
    brils was studied in the costal, tracheal
    and articular cartilage of individuals from
    fetal life to maturity.  The effects of
    mechanical stress on the structure of the
    cartilage was also studied.

131
  Amprino, R. and Bairati, A.  NACHTRAG ZU DER
    ARBEIT «STUDI SULLE TRANSFORMAZIONI DELLE
    CARTILAGINI DELL'UOMO NELL'ACCRESCIMENTO E
    NELLA SENESCENZA».  Zschr. Zellforsch.,
    1935, 22: 484 (addendum).  2 refs.

132
  Amprino, R. and Bairati, A.  STUDI SULLE
    TRASFORMAZIONI DELLE CARTILAGINI DELL'UOMO
    NELL'ACCRESCIMENTO E NELLA SENESCENZA.  I.
    CARTILAGINI JALINE.  Zschr. Zellforsch.,
    1933, 20: 143-205.  58 refs.  A study of
    the changes in tracheal and costal hyaline
    cartilage during growth and old age.

133
  Amprino, R. and Bairati, A.  STUDI SULLE
    TRASFORMAZIONI DELLE CARTILAGINI DELL'UOMO
    NELL"ACCRESCIMENTO E NELLA SENESCENZA.
    PARTE II. CARTILAGINI ELASTICHE.  Zschr.
    Zellforsch., 1934, 20: 489-522.  27 refs.
    Study of the elastic cartilage of the outer 
CARTILAGE - VARIATIONS WITH AGE AND KINDS
  OF CARTILAGE  (Continued)

    ear and epiglottis during growth and in old
    age indicates that this cartilage is not
    modified by age.

134
  Amprino, R. and Bairati, A.   STUDI SULLE  TRAS-
    FORMAZIONI  DELLE CARTILAGINI DELL'UOMO
    NELL'ACCRESCIMENTO E  NELLA  SENESCENZA.   Ill
    CARTILAGINI FIBROSE.  Zschr. Zellforsch ,
    1934, 21: 448-482.  Bibliography: p. 481-
    482.  A  study of the  changes in  the  fibrous
    cartilage of the pubic symphysis and inter-
    vertebral disks from  foetal life to  old age.

135
  Amprino, R. and Bairati, A.   SULLA FREQUENZA
    DEI PROCESSI REGRESSIVI  IN  ELEMENTI  SCHELE-
    TRICI CARTILAGINEI D'INDIVIDUl DI VARIE ETA.
    Boll. Soc.  ital. biol. sper.,  1932,  7:  673-
    677.  Studies of structural changes In  the
    elastic  cartilage of  the epiglottis  and the
    outer ear at different ages from birth  to old
    age.  A  progressive increase of elastic
    fibers was  noted with age.  The processes of
    regression  were observed to begin in the
    epiglottis  at 50 and  in  the cartilage of the
    outer ear at 30.

136
  Amprino, R. and Bairati, A.   TRASFORMAZIONI
    DEL TESSUTO CARTILAGINEO DELL'UOMO IN
    RELAZIONE ALL'ETA.  Boll. Soc. ital. biol.
    sper., 1932, 7: 539-542.  Studies in struc-
    tural changes in the  tracheal  hyaline car-
    tilage of individuals of various ages.  The
    increased appositional growth  of tracheal
    cartilage in old age  is designed to compen-
    sate for increased cartilage degeneration.
137
  Amprino, R. and Bairati, A.  TRASFORMAZIONI
    DELLA CARTILAGINE FIBROSA DELL'UOMO NELLA
    SENESCENZA.  Boll. Soc. ital. biol. sper.,
    1934, 9: 113-115.  Study of structural
    changes in the fibrous cartilage of the
    intervertebral disk and pubic symphysis,
    with advancing age.
138
  Amprino, R. and Bairati, A.  TRASFORMAZIONI
    DELLA STRUTTURA DELLA CARTILAGINE JALINA ED
    ELASTICA DELL'UOMO IN RELAZIONE ALL'ETA.
    Monit. zool. ital., 1932, 43: Suppl., 150-
    154.  Histologic studies of-changes in the
    tracheal and costal hyaline cartilage and in
    the elastic cartilage of the outer ear and
    epiglottis of individuals of various ages.
    It was concluded that the progressive changes
    are designed to lend greater resistance to
    the skeleton and to compensate for cartilage
    degeneration.

139
  Castiglioni, G. and Peregalli, P.  SU ALCUNE
    CARATTERISTISTICHE BIOLOGICHE E STRUTTURALI
    DELLA CARTILAGINE ARTICOLARE UMANA.  Arch.
    ortop., Milano, 1950, 63: 36-58.  43 refs.

140
  Burrell, D. J.  THE VASCULARISATION OF CAR-
    TILAGE.  J. Anat., Lond., 1934, 69: 47-61.
    3 pi.  20 refs.  Abstracted in: BTol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1936, 10: No. 1955.  See
    particularly, p. 58-59~for role of vas-
    cularization in providing nutrition of
    the cartilage mass and possibly osteo-
    blasts for the formation of new ossific
    centers.
142
2
Lambertini, G.  SULL'EXISTENZA DI PARTICOLARI
  STRUTTURE NEL TESSUTO CARTILAGINEO DIM0STRATE
  CON L'APPLICAZIONE DEL MET0D0 VII DEL
  D0NAGGI0.  II.  Boll. Soc. ital. biol. sper.,
  1931, 6: 742-744.  2 pi.  2 refs.
143
  Putschar, W.  UEBER FBTT IM KNORPEL D*JER
    NORMALEN UND PATHOLOGISCHEN VERHALTNISSfiN.
    Beitr. path. Anat., 1931, 87: 526-539.  18
    refs.  Studies of cartilage of various kinds
    from many individuals of both sexes, from
    fetal life to advanced age, demonstrated
    that fat is a normal constituant of all car-
    tilage cells at all ages, particularly marked
    in zones of proliferation, reaching a minimum
    after growth ends.  Cartilage ground sub-
    stance is always normally free of fat.  De-
    viations from these findings are pathological.

144
  Ruth, E. B.  A NOTE ON THE FIBRILLAR STRUCTURE
    OF HYALINE CARTILAGE.  Anat. Rec, 1946, 96:
    93-99.  pi.  5 refs.  Study of hyaline car-
    tilage from the costal cartilages and the
    distal epiphyses of femurs of new born in-
    fants.  "Fibrillae are arranged in an
    alveolar structure, among which the lacunae
    of the chondrocytes are dispersed.  About
    the lacunae, which vary in diameter and shape,
    there are thickened bands or envelopes of
    fibrillae.  The alveolar fibrillae are con-
    tinuous peripherally with fibrous perichon-
    drium."

145
  Schmidt, W. J.  ZUR POLARISATI0NS0PTIK DES
    KNORPELGEWEBES.   Zschr. Zellforsch., 1952,
    37: 534-546.  22 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Excerpta med., Sect. 1, 1953, 7:  No. 2123.
    Studies in the properties of cartilage as
    seen in ordinary and in polarized light,
    before and after tanning with sumac.
    Various cartilages of the lamprey and ear
    cartilage of cattle were used in the study.

146
 ♦Silberberg, M. and Silberberg, R.  EFFECTS
    OF ENDOCRINES ON AGE CHANGES IN THE EPI-
    PHYSEAL AND ARTICULAR CARTILAGES.  Endo-
    crinology, 1942, 31: 410-418.  Abstracted
    in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1943, 17- No
    1111.                          —

147
 ♦Zbinden, G.  UBER FEINSTRUKTUR UND ALTERS-
    VERXNDERUNGEN DES HYALINEN KNORPELS IM
    ELEKTRONENMIKROSKOPISCHEN SCHNITTPRXPARAT
    UND BEITRAG ZUR KENNTNIS DER VERFETTUNG DER
    KNORPELGRUNDSUBSTANZ.  Schweiz  Zschr  alle
    Path., 1953, 16: 165-189.  Abstracted'in-
    Excerpta med., Sect. 5, 1953, 6:  No. 3801.
See:
74
947
CELLS
148
112
952
113
1141
115
561
Amprino, R.  CELLULAR INTERACTIONS IN ppt,
  DIFFERENTIATION.  J. Embryol  Fvn  u   £
  1953, 1: 283-285.  4 refs   in ?hi«Wi'
  survey of the affinities between different
  tissues in various stages of devoid   ?nt
  cartilage and bone are includedVel°pment>
141
  Lambertini, G.  NU0V0 INDAGINI SUL PARTIC0LARE
    APPARATO DELLE CELLULE CARTILAGINE NELL'UOMO
    E NEI MAMMIFERI, STUDIATO CON IL METODO
    SETTIM0 DEL D0NAGGI0.  Boll. Soc. ital. biol.
    sper.,  1931, 6: 1072-1075.  pi.  3 refs.
149
  B12f4?'„?,;.»,£iLLU!£R POTENTIATION AND TIS-
    SUE CULTURE.  Physiol. Rev., 1937, 17:
    589-617.  204 refs.  See particulary7 Bone
    and cartilage: p. 602-603. 
Cells (Continued)
CELLS - OSTEOBLASTS
150
  Burrows, H. J.  THE INTERCELLULAR PRODUCT OF
    A PURE CULTURE OF OSTEOGENIC CELLS IN VITRO.
    Arch. exp. Zellforsch., 1933, 14: 202-209.
    14 refs .
151
  Craciun, E. C.  LA REVERSIBILITE DU PROCESSUS
    CELLULARIE ET PHYSICOCHIMIQUE DE L'OSSIFICA-
    TION.  ROLE DE L'OSTEOALLATOCYTE.  Bull.
    Acad. med. Roumanie, 1945, 17: 29-42.  Ab-
    stracted  in: Chem. Abstr., T9~47, 41: 4550g.
    "An extensive review.  The term osteoallato-
    cyte  is coined to replace the terms osteoblast
    and osteoclast since they perform a single
    reversible  function."  - Chem. Abstr.
152
  Gaillard, P.  J.  GESETZMASSIGKEITEN BEIM
    WACHSTUM  VON GEWEBEKULTUREN.  II. ANALYSE
    DER ZELLBEWEGUNG.  Protoplasma, Lpz., 1936,
    25: 598-613.  8 refs.  Osteogenic cells
    from  primordial os frontale  of 16-day-old
    chick embryos were used to study cell migra-
    tion.  Regularity in the migration of cells
    seemed to indicate that "there is no direct
    connection  between the process of cell di-
    vision and  cell migration.   ...an indirect
    connection  is undeniable."
153
  ♦Gukov,  P.  V.   [ADSORPTION OF  SUSPENSIONS BY
    BONE  CELLS]  IN:  Sborn. trudov Voen. med.
    akad. Kirova,  Leningr., 1937, p.  86-93.
154
  ♦Hancox, N.  M.  OSTEOBLASTS,  OSTEOCLASTS AND
    PARATHYROID EXTRACT IN VITRO.   Liverpool,
     1939.  (Thesis-Univ.)
155
   Heller, M.  OCCURRENCE OF POSSIBLE  SECRETORY
    GRANULES IN OSTEOGENIC CELLS.  Anat. Rec,
    1950, 106:  204.   An  abstract.
162
156
Heller-Steinberg, M.,  McLean, F. C. and Bloom,
  W.  CELLULAR TRANSFORMATIONS IN MAMMALIAN
  BONES INDUCED BY PARATHYROID EXTRACT.  Am.
  J. Anat., 1950, 87:  315-347.  pi.  29 refs.
  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1951,
  25: No. 36836; Excerpta med., Sect. 1,
  T9"51, 5: No. 1168.
157
  Huggins, C.  THE COMPOSITION OF BONE AND THE
    FUNCTION OF THE BONE CELL.  Physiol. Rev.,
    1937, 17: 119-143.  Approx. 265 refs.  Ab-
    stracted" in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1937-
    38,  7: No. 496.

158
  Krompecher, I. and Berencsi, G. AZ EMBERI
    CSONTSEJTEK ALAKI KUL5NB<3Z0SEGE A CSONTFEJ-
    LBDES MODJA SZERINT ELKULONITVE.  [MORPH-
    OLOGIC VARIATIONS OF HUMAN CELLS DIFFEREN-
    TIATED ACCORDING TO 3 TYPES OF OSSIFICATION]
    Magy. orv. arch., 1937, 38: 112-115.

159
  Logan,  R.  A.  THE ROLE OF OSTEOBLASTS AND
    OSTEOCLASTS IN OSTEOGENESIS.  Am. J.
    Orthodont., 1942, 28:  561-566.  3 refs.


 160
   Sturm,  K.   DIE  LAGE DES ISOELEKTRISCHEN
     PUNKTES BEI DEN OSTEOBLASTEN UND OSTEOCYTEN.
     Zschr.  mikr.  anat.  Forsch., 1935,  37: 595-
     600.   7 refs.
Aiello, L.  SISTEMA OSSEO E SISTEMA RETICOLO-
  ENDOTELIALE.  RICERCHE SPERIMENTALI.  Arch.
  ital. anat. pat., 1930, 1: 935-944.  16
  refs.  Vital staining with trypan blue in
  adult and newborn guinea pigs resulted in
  the blocking of certain apparently osteo-
  blastic cellular elements, which indicated
  a relationship between the reticuloendo-
  thelial and osseous systems.
163
Cappellin,  M.  CONTRIBUTE ALLA CITOLOGIA
  funzionAle DEGLI OSTEOBLASTI.  Boll.
  Soc. ital. biol. sper., 1948, 24:  1228-
  1229.  Abstracted in:  Excerpta med.,
  Sect. 9,  1950,  4: No.  5090.   The bones
  of chick embryos and of new-born chicks
  were studied for the presence and distri-
  bution of the nucleic  acids  in the osteo-
  blasts .
164
  Cappellin,  M.   CONTRIBUTO ALL'INDAGINE CITO-
    CHIMICA DEGLI ACIDI  NUCLEINICI  NEGLI OSTEO-
    BLASTI.  Chir. org.  movim.,  1949,  33:  410-
    421.   58 refs.  Abstracted  in:  Excerpta
    med.,  Sect.  2, 1950,  3:  No.  4806.   Peri-
    osteal ossification  was studied in the
    femurs of 16-day-old  chick  embryos and of
    new-born chicks, and  in the phalanges of
    the human finger.  Determinations  were
    made of the  presence  and distribution of
    ribonucleic  and thymonucleic acids in the
    cytoplasm of the osteoblasts.   It  was
    found that only traces of the nucleic
    acids were present in the fibrocytes of
    the outer stratum of  the periosteum,  that
    the quantities increased as the cells
    differentiated into  osteoblasts and that
    osteoblasts  of epithelioid  appearance con-
    tained very  high concentrations of the
    acids, which decreased as the osteoblasts
    were transformed into osteocytes.   The
    article contains a review of the litera-
    ture .

165
  Cartier, P.  OSSIFICATION ET  RESPIRATION CEL-
    LULAIRE.  Internat.  Congr.  Biochem., 1.
    meet., 1949, 573-574.  Abstracted  in: Chem.
    Abstr., 1954, 48: 8436.

166
  Clavert, J.  SUR LA TENEUR EN ACTDE  RIBO-
    NUCLfilQUE DES CELLULES DE L'OS. C. rend.
    Acad.  sc., 1950, 231: 998-999.   5  refs.
167
Dubreuil, G.,  Charbonnel,  M.  and  Masse,  L.
  LES PROCESSUS NORMAUX, ET PATHOLOGIQUES DE
  L'OSTEOGENESE.  LE ROLE  DES OSTEOBLASTES
  (A LA LUMIERE DES FAITS  EXPERIMENTAL  ET
  PATHOLOGIQUES).  Ann. anat. path.,  Par.,
  1933, 10: 337-362.  33 refs. Abstracted
  in: BioT. Abstr., Bait., 1935,  9:  No.  8109.
168
Dubreuil, G.,  Charbonnel,  M.  and Masse,  L.
  LES PROCESSUS NORMAUX ET PATHOLOGIQUES DE
  L'OSTEOGENESE.  LES THEORIES ET LE ROLE DES
  OSTEOBLASTES.  Ann. anat. path.,  Par., 1933,
  10: 225-270.  4 refs. A digest in: Bull.
  Soc. nat. chir., Par., 1933, 59:  1028-1031.
161
Tischendorf, W. and Heckner, F.  DER HAMA-
  TOLOGISCHE NACHWEIS VON OSTEOBLASTEN UND
  OSTEOKLASTEN UND IHRE BEDEUTUNG FOR DIE
  NORMALE KNOCHENBILDUNG UND FUR DIE ENTSTE-
  HUNG BOSARTIGER GESCHWULSTE IM SKELETSYSTEM.
  Klin. Wschr., 1950, 28: 21-24.  20 refs.
  Abstracted in:  Excerpta med., Sect. 5,  1951,
  4:  No.  2979.
See:

  886       909
1875
2261
2414
169
  Esser,  M.   OSTEOBLASTEN UND OSTEOKLASTEN IN
    KNOCHENMARKAUSSTRICHEN.   Helvet.  med.  acta,
    1945, 12:  265-271.   7 refs.   Abstracted in:
    Schweiz. med. Wschr., 1945,  75:  271.

170
  Ferro-Luzzi, G.  CONSIDERAZIONI ANATOMO-
    PATOLOGICHE E RADIOLOGICHE SUL TESSUTO
    GERMINATIVO DELL'OSSO, STUDIATO SECONDO LE
    MODERNE VEDUTE.  Arch. ital. anat. pat.,
    1932, 3: 983-1018.-  65 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1935, 9: No. 10221.
    "Studies from histologic preparations of ma- 
CELLS - OSTEOBLASTS  (Continued)
10
    terial removed in operation and from radio-
    grams from 21 cases of fracture and osteo-
    myelitis, convince the author that the pro-
    liferating tissue of the bones is a special
    form of connective tissue, and that the
    cells may revert to typical connective tis-
    sue cells; osteoblasts are thus not speci-
    fic." - Biol. Abstr.

171
  Hecht, E.  PHYSIOLOGISCHE SALZLOSUNGEN IN DER
    GEWEBEZUCHTUNG.  Protoplasma, Lpz., 1934-
    1935, 22: 553-560.  Abstracted in:  Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1936, 10: No. 13062; Chem.
    Abstr., 1935, 29: 2985*.

172
  Hill, J. C.  THE CYTOLOGY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY
    OF OSTEOBLASTS GROWN IN VITRO.  Arch. exp.
    Zellforsch., 1936, 18: 496-511.  pi.  25
    refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1937, 11: No. 17189.

173
   Hughes,  A.  F.  and  Swann,  M.  M.   ANAPHASE  MOVE-
    MENTS  IN  THE LIVING CELL.   A  STUDY  WITH
    PHASE  CONTRAST AND  POLARIZED  LIGHT  ON CHICK
    TISSUE CULTURES.   J. Exp.  Biol., Lond.,  1948,
    25:  45-70.   2 pi.   36 refs. .
174
  Knake,  E,
    LATION.
BEITRAG ZUR FRAGE DER GEWEBSKORRE-
Virchows Arch., 1940, 306:  88-134.
175
  Krompecher, S.  DIE ENTWICKLUNG DER KNOCHEN-
    ZELLEN UND DIE BILDUNG DER KNOCHENGRUND-
    SUBSTANZ BEI DER KNORPELIG UND BINDEGEWEBIG
    VORGEBILDETEN SOWIE DER PRIMAREN REINEN
    KNOCHENBILDUNG.  Anat. Anz.,  1934, 78:
    Suppl., 34-53.  Vorweisung:  234-237.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1935, 9:
    No. 12498.

176
  Maleci, 0.  L'INFLUENZA DELL'ESTRATTO EM-
    BRIONALE A VARIA CONCENTRAZIONE SU COLTURE
    DI OSTEOBLASTI E FIBROBLASTI.  Arch. ital.
    anat., 1941,45: 206-247.  24  refs.


177
  Menegaux, G. and Odiette, D.  INFLUENCE DE
    QUELQUES METAUX SUR LA FIXATION DES COMPOSES
    MINERAUX DANS LES CULTURES D>OSTEOBLASTES.
    CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDE BIOLOGIQUE DE L'OS-
    TEOSYNTHESE.  Presse med., 1935, 43: 152-
    155.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1935,
    29: 33597.

178
  Menegaux, G. and Odiette, D.  INFLUENCE DES
    METAUX COUPLES SUR LA CROISSANCE DES CUL-
    TURES IN VITRO DE FIBROBLASTES ET D'OSTEO-
    BLASTES.  C. rend. Soc. biol., 1935, 119:
    485-487.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,
    1935, 29: 59226.

179
 *Neil, E. L. and Harper, H. A.  ON THE ORIGIN
    OF OSTEOBLASTS IN THE RAT.  Wasmann Col-
    lector, 1941, 4: 117-124.  3 pi.  Abstracted
    in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1942, 16: No. 9820.
180                          "
 /Jkland, F.  UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER OSTEOBLASTEN
    IN SCHLIFFEN UND AUSSTRICHEN.  Zschr. wiss,
    Mikr., 1939, 56: 345-355.
181
  jrtsland,  F.  VON LYMPHOCYT ZU KNOCHENZELLE.
    Acta path, microb. scand., 1940, 17: 466-
    480.  34 refs.  A review and discussion of
    the literature leads to the conclusion that
    osteoblasts originate from lymphocytes dur-
    ing one phase of their development.
183
 18Ragol-skaia,  F.  S.   K  VOPROSU 0 PRO^KHOZHDENII
    KLETOCHNYKH ELEMENTOV,  UCHASTVUlOSHCHIKH V
    PROTSESSE RAZRUSHENlfA  I  SOZIDANIIA  KOST1.
    [ON THE  QUESTION OF  THE ORIGINS OF THE ttL
    LULAR  ELEMENTS WHICH PARTICIPATE  IN  THE  PRO-
    CESS OF  BONE DESTRUCTION  AND FORMATION]   usp.
    sovrem.  biol.,  1953,  35:  464-467.  7 re*s;
    From experiments witlTUhite rats, il »as.^n"
    sidered  possible that osteoblasts and osteo-
    clasts may  originate not  only from the mesen-
    chyme  but also from  the vital substance  re-
    leased in the  destruction of cells and basic
    substance,  or  in the process of osteocyte
    disintegration.  The article contains a  re-
    view of  the pertinent Russian literature.


  Roche, J. and Mourgue,  M.   PREMIERES ETAPES DE
    L'OSSIFICATION DANS  LES OS EMBRYONAIRES ET
    R6LE DE LA  PHOSPHATASE.   C. rend. Acad. sc. ,
    1942,  214:  809-811.   Abstracted in:   Biol.
    Abstr.7~Balt., 1945,  19:  No. 21637.   Studies
    of the first stages  of-ossification  in the
    goat,  sheep and tadpole embryos, and of the
    role of phosphatase  in  the -ossification
    mechanism.  It is suggested that the prin-
    cipal  role  of the osteoblasts is the secre-
    tion of enzymes: protease and phosphatase.

 184
  Roulet,  F.   STUDIEN UBER KNORPEL- UND
    KNOCHENBILDUNG IN GEWEBEKULTUREN.   ZUGLEICH
    EIN BEITRAG ZUR LEHRE DER ENTSTEHUNG DER
    SOGENNANTEN GRUNDSUBSTANZEN.  Arch.  exp.
    Zellforsch., 1935,  17: 1-42.  65 refs.

185
  Sundberg, R. D.  and Hodgson, R.  E.   OSTEO-
    BLASTS AND OSTEOCLASTS IN SMEARS OF  BONE
    MARROW.  Anat.  Rec,  1948, 100:  717-718.
    An abstract.

See:
1121
2447
1395
2523
2415
2745
2416
2901
2436
CELLS - OSTEOBLASTS - BIBLIOGRAPHY
186
  Murray,  M.  R.  and  Kopech,  G.  A  BIBLIOGRAPHY
    OF THE RESEARCH  IN  TISSUE CULTURE,  1884 TO
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CELLS - OSTEOCLASTS
187
  Barnicot, N. A.  THE SUPRAVITAL STAINING OP
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188
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189
  Benoit,  J
and Clavert,
ET COMPORTEMENT DES OSTEOCLASTE^COT^i1^
OISEAUX.  Arch, anat., Strasb   19*9  o!,
63-70.  13 refs.  During Physiological^
experimental estrogenic osteogenesis in
birds, numerous osteoclasts are formed
from osteoblasts.  Osteoclastic differen-
tiation and activity appear to be regu-
lated by the parathyroid hormone . 
CELLS - OSTEOCLASTS  (Continued)
11
190
  Bruno, G.  SULLA ORIGINE,  SULLA FUNZIONE E
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191
  Bujard, E.  OSTEOCLASTES ET  CELLULES GEANTES.
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    Abstracted  in: Excerpta  med.,-Sect.  1,
    1948, 2: No.  370.  Guinea  pigs  and some
    rabbits were  given subcutaneous,  intramus-
    cular and intrasplenic innoculations of
    finely crushed fresh or  preserved bone.
    All  reactions were similar and  indicated
    that osteoclasts  originated from  elements
    of the reticulo-endothelial system.  Their
    origin is multiple since,  though  they come
    from histiocytes, i.e.,  mesenchymatous
    cells in a  particular functional  state,
    many cells  can acquire this functional
    state.  Osteoclasts  and  giant cells  are re-
    garded as equivalent elements.  The
    theories of other authors  are reviewed.

192
  Ch'uan, C. H.  MITOCHONDRIA  IN OSTEOCLASTS.
    Anat. Rec, 1931, 49: 397-399.  pi.  6
    refs.  Abstracted In: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1932,  6: No.  17360. "As the
    mesenchymal cells, reticular cells,  or
    osteoblasts become osteoclasts, their
    mitochondria  increase in number.   In
    areas of active bone development  the
    osteoclasts contain  more mitochondria
    than any other cells. These facts are
    taken to indicate that osteoclasts are not
    degenerating  cells." - Biol. Abstr.

193             _*
  Dahl, B.   LA  THEORIE DE L'OSTEOCLASIE ET LE
    COMPORTEMENT DES OSTEOCLASTES VIS A VIS DU
    BLEU TRYPAN ET VIS A  VIS DE L'IRRADIATION
    AUX RAYONS  X.  Acta  path,  microb. scand.,
    1936, Suppl.  26, 234-239.

194
  Dodds, G. S.  OSTEOCLASTS  AND CARTILAGE RE-
    MOVAL IN ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION OF CER-
    TAIN MAMMALS. Am. J. Anat., 1932, 50: 97-
    127.  5 pi.  12 refs. Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1933, 7: No.  22218.
    "The distinctive  power of  th"e osteoclast
    is probably its ability  to destroy calci-
    fied matrix,  whether of  cartilage or bone.
    This destruction  is  probably carried on by
    secretory rather  than by phagocytic  action."

195
 *Glattli, W.   DIE OSTEOKLASTENLEHRE.  44p.
    Bern, 1947.  (Inaug.-Diss.-Univ.)

196
  Gruber, G. B.   BEITRXGE ZUR  KENNTNIS DES
    STOFFWECHSELS IN GEWEBEN.  Virchows Arch.,
    1948, 315:  218-225.   9 refs.  In  the hard
    tissues7_the  role of  the osteoclasts in re-
    sorptive processes is studied.  In the lungs
    the mesenchymal origin of  phagocytic cells
    of the alveolar spaces in  pneumonoconiosis
    is discussed.
197                                       ___
  Ham, A. W.  and Gordon,  S.  D.  NATURE OF THE
    SO-CALLED STRIATED BORDERS OF OSTEOCLASTS.
    Anat. Rec, 1952, 112: 449.  An abstract.
    The evidence suggests that structures in-
    terpreted as  the striated  borders of osteo-
    clasts may  be fringed borders of bone sur-
    faces at which resorption  is occurring.

198
  Hancox, N.  M.  MOTION  PICTURE OBSERVATIONS ON
    OSTEOCLASTS IN VITRO.  J.  Physiol., Lond.,
    1949, 110:   205-206.    pi.    5 refs.  "Osteo-
    clasts possess a peripheral undulating mem-
    brane in tissue culture,  and form fine
    cytoplasmic filaments.   These facts support
    the hypothesis that osteoclasts are related
    ^ _ ----i~_.i „„, BOiic nther  than  to osteo-
199
  Hancox, N. M.  ON THE OCCURRENCE IN VITRO OF
    CELLS RESEMBLING OSTEOCLASTS.  J. Physiol.,
    Lond., 1946, 105: 66-71.  pi.  11 refs.
    "In a proportion of cultures of embryonic
    chick bones... multinucleated giant cells
    wander out from the explant.  These cells
    are considered to be osteoclasts^. . . de-
    rived from monocytes by fusion.  In vitro,
    they do not become transformed into other
    cell types."

200
  Hancox, N. M.  THE OSTEOCLAST.  Biol. Rev.
    Cambridge Philos. Soc, 1949, 24: 448-471.
    Approx. 145 refs.  Contents: Introduction.-
    Morphology. - Origin and fate. - Function.-
    Determination. - Summary.

201
  Hruska, A., Jr.  SULLA GENESI DEGLI OSTEO-
    CLASTI E SUL CARATTERE DELLO STIMOLO OSTEO-
    CLASTICO.  Rass. odont., 1949, 30:  2-30.  1
    ref.

202
 *Kroon, D. B.  BONE-DESTROYING FUNCTION OF
    OSTEOCLASTS (KOELLIKER'S "BRUSH BORDER").
    Acta anat., Basel, 1954, 21: 1-18.

203
  Noyes, F. B.  A STUDY OF OSTEOCLASTS.   Angle
    Orthodont., 1933, 3: 83-93.

204
  Rumiantsev, A. V. and Berezkina, L. F.  FUR-
    THER OBSERVATIONS ON TRANSFORMATION OF OS-
    TEOCLASTS IN VITRO; CULTIVATION OF BONE TIS-
    SUE OF RAT AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF PARATHO-
    HORMONE.  C. rend. Acad. sc. URSS,  1945,  46:
    168-170.  5 refs.

205
  Zawisch, C.  HISTORISCHKRITISCHES UND  NEUES  ZUR
    FRAGE DER OSTOKLASTEN,  IHRER ENTSTEHUNG UND
    DER RESORPTION IM KNOCHEN.   Zschr.  mikr.  anat.
    Forsch., 1931, 27: 106-210.  75 refs.

See:
169
2804
CELLS
182
2901
OSTEOCYTES
185
2523
2745
206
Cappellin, M.  RICERCHE SUI RAPPORTI TRA
  CELLULE CON FUNZIONE OSTEOBLASTICS E
  CELLULE CON FUNZIONE ISTIOCITARIA NELLE
  PRIME FASI DELLO SVILUPPO EMBRIONALE.   Arch.
  ital. anat., 1951,  56:  72-92.   35 refs.
  Abstracted in:  Excerpta med.,  Sect. 1,
  1952, 6: No. 90.  Trypan blue  was injected
  into the air space,  allantois  and under the
  skin of chick embryos incubated from 6  to
  20 days and studies were made  of the de-
  velopment of osteoblasts, first from mesen-
  chyme cells and later from histiocytes.
  This transformation of histiocytes into
  osteoblasts did not appreciably affect
  ossification processes.  The mesenchyme
  was not histiocytic; histiocytes were the
  product of cell differentiation in various
  organs when organogenesis had  reached a
  certain state of development.   The defini-
  tion of histiocytes as "undifferentiated
  embryonal" cells is considered incorrect
  since the elements  of the first stages  of
  development are not  granulopectic and
  granulopexia is a complex function which
  is developed slowly  in  the connective
  tissue.   The article contains  a review  of
  the literature.
207
Lipp, W.   NEUUNTERSUCHUNGEN DES KNOCHEN-
  GEWEBES.  MORPHOLOGIE,  HISTOCHEMIE UND
  BEEINFLUSSUNG DURCH DAS PERIPHERE, VEGE-
  TATIVE  NERVENSYSTEM, DURCH FERMENTE UND 
12
CELLS - OSTEOCYTES  (Continued)
    HORMONE.  Acta, anat., Basel, 1954, 20:
    162-200.  35 refs.  English and French"
    summaries.  Detailed morphological and
    histochemical study of the "capsules" of
    the osteocyte processes in sections of
    human, guinea pig and hamster bone.

208
  Rutishauser, E.  PHYSIOPATHOLOGY OF BONE TIS-
    SUE: THE OSTEOCYTES AND FUNDAMENTAL SUB-
    STANCE.  Bull. Hosp. Joint Dis., N. Y.,
    1951, 12: 468-490.  45 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Chem. Tbstr.,  1953, 47: 728d; Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 1,  1952, 6: No~1761.

CHEMISTRY
209
  Achard, J.  PHYSIKOCHEMISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN
    AM LAMELLAREN KNOCHEN.  Zschr. Zellforsch.,
    1935, 23: 573-588.  24 refs.

210
  Ascenzi, A.  ON THE EXISTENCE OF BONDS BETWEEN
    OSSEIN AND INORGANIC BONE FRACTION.  Science,
    1950, 112: 84-86.  10 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Chem. XEItr., 1950, 44: 9539*.

211
  Cartier, P.  CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDE
    BIOCHIMIQUE DE L'OSSIFICATION.  lllp.
    Paris, 1946.   (These-Paris).  Approx.
    125 refs.
212
  Cretin, A.  CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDE HISTOCHIMI-
    QUE DU SQUELETTE HUMAIN DANS SON DEVELOPPE-
    MENT, SA REPARATION ET SES ALTERATIONS
    CHRONIQUES.  Strasbourg m6d., 1953, 4: 555-
    567.
213
  Dallemagne, M. J.  LA BIOCHIMIE DE L'OSSIFI-
    CATION.   J.  radiol. electr., 1951, 32: 176-
    188.  Approx. 125 refs.  Also in:  sTetosco-
    pio,  1951, 1: 854-879.  A critical review
    of  the principal theories of calcification
    and  of the chemical composition of bone
    salts.

214
  Dallemagne, M.  J.  REFLEXIONS SUR LA BIOCHIMIE
    DE L'OS.  Schweiz. med. Wschr.,  1952, 82:
    845-848.
215
  Dallemagne, M. J. and Mglon, J.  NOUVELLES
    RECHERCHES RELATIVES AUX PROPRIETES OPTI-
    QUES DE L'OS:  LA BIREFRINGENCE DE L'OS
    MINERALISE;  RELATIONS ENTRE LES FRACTIONS
    ORGANIQUES ET INORGANIQUES DE L'OS.  J.
    Washington Acad. Sc., 1946, 36: 181-195.
    15 refs.  Abstracted in:  BioTT Abstr.,
    Bait.,  1946, 20: No. 17299; Chem. Abstr.,
    1946, 40: 6103^.  "The density, index of
    refraction and birefringence of sections
    of the  diaphyses of ox femurs were de-
    termined . ...   The data were submitted to
    mathematical analysis.  It was concluded
    that the birefringence of fresh bones is
    due to  that  of the individual mineral cry-
    stals plus that due to the arrangement of
    these crystals, the water, and the organic
    material of  the bones.  There was no evi-
    dence for the  existence of a combination
    between the  organic matter and the Ca3
    (P04)2." - Biol. Abstr.
216
  Deakins, M. [L.]  CORRELATION BETWEEN DENSITY
    AND ASH, ORGANIC, AND WATER CONTENTS OF CAL-
    CIFIED TISSUES.  Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. N. Y.,
    1941, 46: 62-64.  6 refs.

217
  Follis, R. H., Jr.  SOME HISTOCHEMICAL OBSER-
    VATIONS ON NORMAL AND DISEASED CARTILAGE AND
    BONE.  Tr. Conf. Metab. Interrelat., 1949,
    l.meet., 27-32.  7 refs.  Discussion: p. 31-
    32.
218
  Forbes, R. M., Cooper, A. R. ™d ^^miiiv
    H. h!  THE COMPOSITION OF THE ADULT HUMAN
    BODY AS DETERMINED BY CHEMICAL ANALXBio.
    J. Biol. Chem., 1953, 203: 359-366.  lb
    refs.  Abstracted in: TRTErit. Abstr ,
    Aberdeen, 1954, 24: No. 622.  Includes
    composition of tEe individual bones as
    well as of the entire skeleton on various
    bases.  Data is summarized in tables.

219
  Garcia, I.   ESSAI D'ETUDE CHIMIQUEDURAPPORT
    SQUELETTE-MASSE ACTIVE DES ORGANISMS au
    COURS DE LA CROISSANCE ET DE DIVERSES
    CARENCES.  127p.   Marseille, 1935.

220
  Gassmann, T.  BEMERKUNGEN ZUR ARBEIT VON «•
    ELEMENT UBER DIE ZUSAMMENSETZUNG UND BILDUNG
    VON KNOCHEWSTUTZSUBSTANZ.  Hoppe Seyler
    Zschr., 1931, 201:  284.  8 refs.  Abstracted:
    in: Nutrit. AbsTr., Aberdeen, 1931-32, 1:
    No. 2556; Chem. Abstr., 1932, 26: 762.

221
  Gassmann, T.  UBER DEN KUNSTLICHEN AUFBAU DER
    KNOCHEN UND DER ZAHNE.  I. MITTEILUNG: DAR-
    STELLUNG VON GLYKOKOLL-HEXOLSALZ BZW.  GLY-
    KOKOLL-PHOSPHATOCALCIUMCARBONAT.  Hoppe
    Seyler Zschr., 1930, 192: 61-69.  9 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol. ATastr. , Bait., 1934,
    8: No. 8239; Chem.  Abstr., 1931, 25: 119.

222
  Lorber, M.   A STUDY OF THE HISTOCHEMICAL RE-
    ACTIONS OF THE DENTAL CEMENTUM AND ALVEOLAR
    BONE.  Anat.  Rec,  1951,  111: 129-144.   2
    pi.  16 refs.   Abstracted-!!!: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait.,  1952,  26:  No.  31238.   "Histochemical
    observations Have been made  on human and
    animal material regarding the presence of
    lipid,  acid mucopolysaccharide,  alkaline
    glycerophosphate, calcium ions and phos-
    phate ions in the dental cementum and
    alveolar bone.  There is a similar morpho-
    logical arrangement and... chemical com-
    ponents of corresponding cellular and
    intercellular components of  cementum and
    alveolar bone."
223
Harek, J., Wellmann, 0. and Urbanyi, L.
  NEUERE BEITRAGE ZUR CHEMISCHEN ZUSAMMEN-
  SETZUNG GESUNDER UND RACHITISCHEN KNOCHEN.
  Hoppe Seyler Zschr., 1936, 240: 208-214.
  6 refs.  Abstracted in: Nutrit. Abstr.,
  Aberdeen, 1936-37, 6: No. 1940; Chem.
  Abstr., 1936, 30: 7T716.
224
Mitchell, H.  H.,  Hamilton,  T.  S.,  Steggerda,
  F. R. and Bean,  H.  W.   THE CHEMICAL COMPO-
  SITION OF THE  ADULT HUMAN BODY AND ITS
  BEARING ON THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF GROWTH   J
  Biol. Chem.,  1945,  158: 625-637.   39 refs!
  Abstracted in:  Biol. Abstr.,  Bait., 1945
  19: No. 18222.   "The chemical composition
  o? the body of a normal adult human, 35
  years of age,  has been reported,  with ref-
  erence to moisture, ether extract, protein
  (N X 6.25), total ash, calcium,  phosphorus
  and gross energy.  Individual analyses of '
  the skeleton,  musculature, skin,  and many
  visceral organs are reported.  The data
  from this material have been considered in
  connection with requirements of  calcium for
  growth..."
225
Pietrogrande,  V. and Emanuele, L   Rirvpnm,
  SUL QUANTITATIVO DI VITAMINA d"neLLA OsSJ
  NOTA PREVENTIVA.  Ortop. traumat  ann
  motore, 1952, 20: 45-51.  Abstracted in-
  Chem. Abstr., T953, 47: 4447*   in guinea
  pigs determinations were madeof thi vita-
  min D content of blood, liver, bone marrow
  and bone.  Spongy bone was found to have
  the highest content. 
13
CHEMISTRY (Continued)
226
  Proell,  F.  UBER DEN CHEMISCHEN UND SUBMIKRO-
    SKQPISCHEN AUFBAU NORMALER UND STOFFWECHSEL-
    KRANKER HARTGEWEBE VON MENSCH UND TIER.
    Ber. Oberhess. Ges. Natur. Heilk., Naturw.
    Abt. (1947) 1948, 23: 86-99.  29 refs.  A
    chemical and ultramTcroscopic study of the
    organic and inorganic structures of the
    bones and teeth of man and animals.  The
    structure of normal tissues and the changes
    caused by faulty metabolism are discussed.
    The pertinent literature  is reviewed.

227
 *Roche> J.  QUELQUES NOTIONS SUR LA BIOCHIMIE
    GENERALE DU SYSTEME OSSEUX.  Medicine, Par.,
    1939, 20: 700-705.

228
  Saito, M.  [STUDIES ON CATTLE BONES; A PRE-
    LIMINARY REPORT.  GENERAL COMPOSITION  OF
    PIG BONES INCLUDING A NITROGEN DISTRIBUTION
    STUDY ON THE TOTAL PROTEINS OF PIG BONE]
    Rep. Inst. Sc Res. Manchoukuo, 1936,  1:
    63-82.  English abstract, p. 19-22.  Ab-
    stracted in: Chem. Abstr.,  1937,  31: 43813;
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1937-38, 7:  No.
    1955.

229
   Swanson,  W. W.  and  lob, V.  COMPOSITION  OF  THE
    FETAL  SKELETON.   Am.  J.  Dis. Child.,  1936,
    52: 755-756.  Discussion: p. 756.


230
   Swanson,  W.  W.  and  lob, V.   GROWTH  AND  CHEMI-
    CAL COMPOSITION OF THE  HUMAN SKELETON. Am.
     J.  Dis. Child.,  1940,  59: 107-111.   9 refs.
    Abstracted In:  Chem.  Abstr., 1940, 34:  59112.
     Study  of three human fetuses.

231
   Weakley,  C.  E., Jr. and Dustman,  R. B.   BI-
     LATERAL VARIATION IN THE WEIGHT AND COMPOSI-
     TION  OF THE LONG BONES OF SOME EXPERIMENTAL
     ANIMALS.   J.  Agr. Res.,  1939,  58: 711-716.
     5 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.  XTJstr., 1939,
     33: 73682;  Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1939, 13:
     No. 9708.

232
  ♦Weakley,  C.  E., Jr. and Dustman,  R. B.   THE
     COMPOSITION OF DIFFERENT SKELETAL PARTS OF
     EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS.  W. Virginia Agr.
     Exp.  Sta., 1939, No. 294.  40p.  Abstracted
     in: Chem.  Abstr., 1940,  34: 24326; Biol.
     Abstr., Bait., 1941, 15: No. 17803.

 233
  ♦Zenkevich,  P.  I.  [ON THE  FACTORS OF FORMATION
     OF THE LONG BONES OF THE SKELETON IN MAN.
     PART  I. RELATION BETWEEN THE SHAPE Or THE
     CROSS-SECTION OF THE TIBIA AND THE SPECIFIC
     GRAVITY,  AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE
     BONE]   Antrop. J., Moskva, 1937,  No. 1, 26-
     46. 32 refs.   English summary.
See:
157
1559
1931
2028
2883
540
1629
1965
2035
2918
1123
1894
1986
2045
1234
1902
2001
2298
1427
1922
2024
2729
CHEMISTRY - EXTRA- AND INTRACELLULAR FLUID

234  ,
  Asakuma, S.  DER PHOSPHORGEHALT DER LEBERLYMPHE
    VERGLICHEN MIT DEM DER BEINLYMPHE.  Arb.
    Anat. Inst., Univ. Kyoto, ser. D, 1937, No.
    6, 66-68.  1 ref.

235
  Asakuma, S.  ORGANISCHER UND ANORGANISCHER
    PHOSPHOR IN DER BEINLYMPHE.  Arb. Anat.
    Inst. Univ. Kyoto, ser. D, 1937, No. 6,
23Burns,  C. M.  and Henderson, N.  BONE COMPOSI-
    TION IN THE NEW-BORN YOUNG OF SOME SPECIES.
    J. Physiol., Lond.,  1935, 83: Proc. 46-47.
    3 refs.  Abstracted  in:  Chem. Abstr., 1935,
    29: 66397.

237
  Burns,  C. M.  and Henderson, N.  CHANGES IN
    GROWTH AND WATER CONTENT OF THE BONES OF
    NEWLY BORN PUPS AND  KITTENS.  Biochem. J.,
    Lond., 1936, 30: 1202-1206.  2 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Ifutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,
    1936-37, 6: No. 3496.

238
  Edelman, I. S.  EXCHANGE OF WATER BETWEEN
    BLOOD AND TISSUES.  CHARACTERISTICS OF
    DEUTERIUM OXIDE EQUILIBRATION IN BODY WA-
    TER.   Am. J. Physiol., 1952, 171: 279-296.
    38 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,
    1953, 47: 3446^.  "Our data support the
    view tnat the rate-determining step for
    water distribution is at the cell level,
    provided that the system is diffusion
    limited.  The visceral cells constitute
    the bulk of the rapidly exchanging tis-
    sues, while resting  skeletal muscle and
    bone constitute more slowly exchanging
    tissues."

239
  Edelman, I. S., James, A.  H., Baden, H. and
    Moore, F. D.  ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITION OF
    BONE AND THE PENETRATION OF RADIOSODIUM AND
    DEUTERIUM OXIDE INTO DOG AND HUMAN BONE.  J.
    Clin. Invest., 1954, 33: 122-131.  54 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol. XEstr., Bait., 1954,
    28: No. 15972.

240
  lob, V. and Swanson, W. W.  THE EXTRACELLULAR
    AND INTRACELLULAR WATER IN BONE AND CARTI-
    LAGE.  J. Biol. Chem., 1938, 122: 485-490.
    9 refs.  Abstracted  in:  Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1938. 12: No. 6426;  Chem. Abstr., 1938, 32:
    17712.
CHEMISTRY - SULPHUR

  see also METABOLISM -  SULPHUR
241
  Barrnett. R. J.  THE HISTOCHEMICAL DISTRIBU-
    TION OF PROTEIN-BOUND SULFHYDRYL GROUPS.
    J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 1953,  13:  905-925.
    5 pi.  39 refs.  Abstracted  Ta:  Chem.
    Abstr., 1953, 47: 9470f;  Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 5, 1953, 6: No. 2072.   Rat tissues
    were studied by a new histochemical method
    for the distribution of protein-bound  SH
    groups.  It was observed  that the SH groups
    were widely distributed in rat tissues, but
    that some tissues were clearly negative  for
    SH.  The latter tissues were "the collage-
    nous fibers, the matrix of bone  and tra-
    cheal hyaline cartilage,  mucus,  the cortex
    of the distal half of hair shafts, and pos-
    sibly elastic tissue."

242
  Bostrom, H. and Odeblad, E.  AUTORADIOGRAPHIC
    OBSERVATIONS ON THE INCORPORATION OF S35-
    LABELED SODIUM SULFATE IN THE RABBIT FETUS.
    Anat. Rec, 1953, 115: 505-510.   2 pi.  12
    refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect.
    1, 1954, 8: No. 611.  "The uptake of S35
    varied markedly in different organs, being
    highest in the mucopolysaccharide-containing
    structures."
243
  Dziewiatkowski,  D.  D.   RADIOAUTQGRAPHIC
    STUDIES OF SULFATE-SULFUR (S35) METABOLISM
    IN THE ARTICULAR CARTILAGE AND BONE OF
    SUCKLING RATS.  J.  Exp.  M., 1952, 95: 489-
    496.  3 pi.  10 refs.  Abstracted Tn: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1952, 26: No. 24233; Chem.
    Abstr., 1952,  46: 9699"*. 
14
CHEMISTRY - SULPHUR (Continued)

244
  Dziewiatkowski, D. D.  RADIOAUTOGRAPHIC VIS-
    UALIZATION OF SULFUR-35 DISPOSITION IN THE
    ARTICULAR CARTILAGE AND BONE OF SUCKLING
    RATS FOLLOWING  INJECTION OF LABELED SODIUM
    SULFATE.  J. Exp. M., 1951, 93: 451-458.  2
    pi.  10 refs.   Abstracted  in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1951, 25: No. 26553; Chem. Abstr.,
    1951, 45: 9151*.

245
  Dziewiatkowski, D. D.  SULFATE-SULFUR METAB-
    OLISM  IN  THE RAT FETUS AS  INDICATED BY SUL-
    FUR35.  j. Exp. M.,  1953,  98:  119-128.  2
    pi.  10 refs.   Abstracted  Tn: Chem. Abstr.,
    1953, 47:  11416b; Brit. Abstr. M. Sc, 1954,
    p.  167.   "Radioautographs  of sections of the
    embryos showed  that  the S35 was highly con-
    centrated  in the cartilaginous portion of
    the  skeleton, the concentration in the humeri
    of  20-day-old embryos being 30 times that in
    the  maternal sternum."

246
  *Engfeldt. B., Engstrom, A. and Bostrom, H.
    THE  LOCALIZATION OF  RADIOSULFATE  IN BONE
TISSUE,
253.
Exp. Cell Res.,  1954,  6:  251-
247
  Layton, L. L.  THE ANABOLIC METABOLISM OF
    RADIOACTIVE SULFATE BY ANIMAL TISSUES IN
    VITRO AND  IN VIVO.  Cancer, Phila., 1951,
    4: 198-201.  7 refs.  Lateral condyle of
    Tibia, shaft of femur and tip of tibia were
    among the  tissues investigated in this
    study.

■ 248
  Singher, H.  0. and Marinelli, L.  DISTRIBUTION
    OF RADIOACTIVE SULFUR IN THE RAT.  Science,
    1945, 101: 414-415.  2 refs.

See:

  261
672
943
CHEMISTRY
  OF BONE
249
VARIATIONS WITH AGE AND KINDS
  Almasy, F.,  Krupski,  A.  and Ulrich,  H.   BEI-
    TRAG ZUR PHYSIOLOGISCHEN CHEMIE DES CA-,  P-
    STOFFWECHSELS BEIM JUGENDLICHEN RIND.   Bull.
    Schweiz.  Akad.  med. Wiss., 1952, 8: 450-475.
    36 refs.   Abstracted in: Chem.  Abstr., 1953,
    47:  70676.  Based on the results of earlier
    Dalance experiments on Brown Swiss calves of
    different ages, studies were made of the  de-
    posit of total  calcium and phosphorus, of
    bone phosphorus and the phosphorus of  soft
    tissues,  in relation to age.  It was ob-
    served that in  normal development, periods
    of eratic growth of bone or soft tissue may
    alternate with  periods of balanced growth
    of both.   Mineralization disturbances  follow
    a qualitatively similar pattern but with
    more marked and lasting results.


25Alquier  J  and Michaux, A.  ETUDE DU RAPPORT
    CALCIUM PHOSPHORE DANS DIVERS TISSUS,  N0TA-
    MENT DANS LES FEMURS DU LAPIN AU COURS DE LA
    CR0ISSANCE.  C. rend. Acad. sc., 1937, 205:
    177-178.   2 refs.  A study of 2 litters of
    rabbits showed  that the Ca P ratio of the
    femurs was 1.01 and 2.22 at birth.  Ratios
    for both litters at about 60 days were nearly
    equal at 1.70.
25*1
Baker, S. L., Butterworth, E. C. and Langley,
  F. A.  THE CALCIUM AND NITROGEN CONTENT OF
  HUMAN BONE TISSUE CLEANED BY MICRO-DISSEC-
  TION.  Biochem. J., Lond., 1946, 40: 391-
  396.  14 refs.  "Tables are given showing
  calcium and nitrogen content of groups of
    samples of normal bone from (A) compact
    cortical bone of adult femur, (B) cancel-
    lous bone of adult femur, (C) adult rib,
    (D) infant rib, and of abnormal bone (E)
    in the form of sequestra composed of dead
    compact bone."


25Rplloni   L   RESISTENZA  ALLA  PRESSIONE DELLA
    DIAFISI FEMORALE NELLA SENILITA E AL TER-
    MINE DELL'ACCRESCIMENTO.  Boll.  Soc. ital.
    biol.  sper.,  1941,  16:  277-279.   1 ref.
    "The experimental sTudy shows that most oi
    the physical  and chemical properties of
    bone do not change  with age   The greater
    fragility of  the bones of old people must
    then be attributed  to  a lesser quantity of
    the component elements rather than to a
    qualitative difference."
253
Burns, C. M.   CALCIUM SALTS OF BONE.  J.
  Physiol.,  Lond.,  1933,  78: Proc  1-2.
  refs   Abstracted in:  NuTrit. Abstr.,
  Aberdeen,  1933-34,  3:  No. 1857.
254
  Burns, C. M. and Henderson, N.  THE MINERAL
    CONSTITUENTS OF BONE.  II. THE INFLUENCE OF
    AGE ON THE MINERAL CONSTITUENTS OF BONES
    FROM KITTENS AND PUPS.   Biochem.  J., Lond.,
    1936, 30: 1207-1214.   10 refs.  Abstracted
    in: BioT. Abstr., Bait., 1937, 11: No.
    16003; Chem. Abstr.,  1936, 30: TT914.

255
  Cartier, P.  VARIATIONS DES ANIONS ORGANIOUES
    DE L'OS (CITRATES ET  LACTATES) AU COURS DE
    LA CROISSANCE.  C. rend. Soc biol., 1949,
    143: 37-39.  4 refs.   Abstracted in: Chem.
    ATSstr., 1949, 43: 5841a.  All long bones of
    15 growing rabbits, at different stages of
    development, were analyzed for ash, nitro-
    gen, phosphorus and calcium content and for
    citrate and lactate content in order to de-
    termine the possible  relationship between
    the presence of these organic acids in bone
    and the degree of mineralization.  It was
    found that variations in citrate levels
    were small but that the lactate content,
    high in the initial stages of ossification,
    decreased progressively with age and
    reached a low level in adult animals.  Re-
    sults are summarized  in a table.

256
  Cartier, P.  REPARTITION DES ANIONS ORGANIQUES
    DANS LES OS LONGS.  C. rend. Soc. biol.,
    1949, 143: 631-632.  Abstracted in: Chem.
    Abstr.7-1950, 44: 3115h; Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 1, 1950,"?: No. 1420.  The  long bones
    of 5 rabbits of different ages were sawed
    into 3 sections, diaphysis, metaphysis and
    epiphysis, and mineral and organic determi-
    nations were made for each section.   It was
    found that the citrate content remained
    relatively constant in all parts  of the
    bones at various ages but that the  lactate
    content varied greatly in proportion  to the
    intensity of cellular activity in osseous
    tissue.  This was interpreted as  proof of  a
    close relationship between ossification and
    osteoblast respiration.  The  results  of the
    experiment are given in  a table.
257
Dallemagne, M. J.  LA DISTRIBUTION DES ELE-
  MENTS MINERAUX DANS LA DIAPHYSE ET LES
  EPIPHYSES RADIALES ET CUBITALES DU LAPIN
  ADULTE.  Acta biol. belg., 1941, 1: 451-
  456.  4 refs.  Sections from the Hiaphyses,
  distal epiphyses and diaphyses and from the
  proximal epiphyses of the radius and ulna
  of the adult rabbit were chemically analyzed
  for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, carbon
  dioxide and total nitrogen content and the
  percentages of tricalcium phosphate, calcium 
15
 CHEMISTRY - VARIATIONS WITH AGE AND KINDS
   OF BONE (Continued)

     carbonate and magnesium phosphate calculated
     in the different sections.  It was found
     that the tricalcium phosphate-calcium carbo-
     nate ratio varies with the area studied
     This variability is said to contradict the
     theory of the mass grouping of bone mineral
     substances in a complex calcium phospho-
     carbonate molecule.

 258
   DaiieJ2agne'^M-  J-  ETUDE COMPARATIVE DES ELE-
     MENTS MINERAUX ET DE L'AZOTE DANS LES CUBI-
     TUS, LES RADIUS ET LES TIBIAS DU LAPIN
     ADULTE.   Acta biol. belg., 1941, 1:  406-409.
     4 refs.   Determinations were made~of the
     content  of calcium, phosphorus,  magnesium,
     carbon dioxide and total nitrogen of mid-
     diaphyseal sections of the ulna, radius and
     tibia of adult rabbits.   It was  found that
     when calculated from the ash weight,  the
     mineral  elements were equally distributed
     in all the bones but that when calculated
     from dry bone weight there was a difference
     in distribution,  the percentage  decreasing
     progressively from the tibia to  the  radius
     to the ulna.   Variations in the  total nitro-
     gen content indicated that the differences
     observed were due solely to variations in
     the proportion of organic substances  in the
     bones.

 259
  ♦Deakins, M. L.   CHANGES IN THE COMPOSITION OF
     BONE WITH AGE.  J. Dent. Res., 1948,  27:
     758.  An abstract.                   —

 260
  Dietz, A.  A.  DISTRIBUTION OF BONE MARROW,
     BONE, AND BONE-ASH IN RABBITS.   Proc   Soc
     Exp. Biol., N.  Y.,  1944,  57:  60-62.   Ab-
     stracted  in:  Biol.  Abstr.,  Bait.,  1945,  19:
     No.  4399.   "A study of distribution  of bone
     marrow in rabbits showed 47% of  the marrow
     in  the hind legs,  18% in the fore  legs,  6%
     in  the ribs,  sternum,  and  clavicles,  9% in
     the  head,  and  20% in  the vertebrae.   The
     distribution  of bone  marrow,  bone  and  bone-
     ash  in the  individual  bones  is recorded  in
     the  tables."

 261
  Enselme, J.,  Revol,  L.  and Trintignac,  P.
     TENEUR EN SOUFRE  DES  DIAPHYSES ET  DES  EPI-
     PHYSES OSSEUSES.   C.  rend.  Soc.  biol.,
     1939,  131:  278-279.   4 refs.  Abstracted
     in:  Chem. Abstr.,  1939,  33:  69269.  "Dried
     defatted  bones from adul"F~guinea pigs  were
     analyzed.  Femur  diaphyses contained  (av.
    values) 31.5%  organic matter and 0.142%S.
    Femur epiphyses contained 45.1 and 0.255%
    respectively,  humerus diaphyses 31.6 and
    0.098%, and humerus epiphyses 46.5 and
    0.246%." - Chem. Abstr.

262
  Henschen, C.  DIE KRISTALLINE  STRUKTUR DES
    KNOCHENS IN IHREN BEZIEHUNGEN ZUR PHYSI-
    0LOGIE UND PATHOLOGIE DES SKELETTES.  EIN-
    FUHRUNGSBEISPIEL  IN DIE PATHOLOGIE DES
    FEINBAULICHEN ZUSTANDES.  (LEPTOPATHOL0GIE).
    Schweiz.  med.  Wschr., 1937, 67: 153-157;
    182-185;  202-204; 223-225.  Abstracted in:
    Chem. Abstr.,  1939, 33: 29675.
26;
[ess, A. F., Berliner, F. S. and Weinstock, M.
 AN INVESTIGATION OF THE COMPARATIVE ASH CON-
 TENT OF THE METAPHYSES AND SHAFTS OF BONES.
 J. Biol. Chem., 1931, 94: 9-19.  5 refs.
 Abstracted in: Nutrit."Abstr., Aberdeen,
 1931-32, 1: No. 2554; Chem. Abstr., 1932,
 26: 764.
264
LE POULET; SES VARIATIONS AU COURS DES
QUATRE PREMIERS MOIS.  C. rend. Soc. biol.,
1941, 135: 1203-1205.  Chicks of the same
breed, fed the same diet, were sacrificed
at weekly intervals until 4 months of age
and determinations made of the calcium and
phosphorus content of dried sections of the
diaphysis, epiphyseal cartilage and marrow
of the long bones.  The diaphysis was found
to be composed entirely of tricalcium phos-
phate.  The variable calcium and phosphorus
content of the epiphyseal cartilage was ex-
plained by its peculiar structure in birds.
The marrow had a relatively constant con-
tent until the end of the second month when
the appearance of medullary bone trabeculae
caused the calcium and phosphorus levels
to rise immediately.  It is noted that while
the calcium-phosphorus ratio in the diaphy-
sis of chicks is 1.8, in young rats the ratio
is 2.,  a marked species' difference.
265
MacDonald,  I.  CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF HUMAN
  FOETAL SKULL BONES.   Biochem.  J., Lond.,
  1954, 57:  437-439.   14 refs.   There is
  "an increase in the  proportions of calcium
  and carbonate as the foetus approaches ma-
  turity, but no such  increase  in phosphorus
  and collagen.  ...   The inorganic chemical
  composition of growing membrane bone...  may
  consist of a mixture of apatite,  brushite
  and calcium carbonate or of a  mixture of
  calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate and
  small amounts of other calcium salts."
266
*Mariassy, B.   [CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE
   BONES OF HORSES OF DIFFERENT AGES]  Ko£l
   osszehas. elet ft k6rti, 1940, 29: 35-36.
   Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., lUll, 35-
   25762.                             —'
267
Monetti,  G.   COMPORTAMENTO DELLE FRAZIONI DI
  P ACIDOSOLUBILE NEL TESSUTO OSSEO DI  ETA
  DIVERSE.   Biochim.  ter.  sper.,  1941,  28:
  308-317.   14 refs.   English,  French and"
  German  summaries.   Abstracted in:  Chem.
  Abstr.,  1946,  40:  31684.
268
  "Neal, W. M., Palmer, L. S., Eckles, C. H. and
     Gullickson, T. W.  EFFECT OF AGE AND NUTRI-
     TION ON THE CALCIUM PHOSPHATE-CALCIUM CAR-
     BONATE RATIO  IN THE BONES OF CATTLE.  J.
     Agr. Res., 1931, 42: 115-121.  12 refs.
     Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1931, 25: 5451;
     Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1931-32, T7 No
     892.

269
  Roche, A. and Garcia, I.  RECHERCHES SUR L'OS-
     SIFICATION.   I, OSSIFICATION NORMALE ET CON-
     STITUTION DE  RESERVES MINERALES DANS LES OS
    AU COURS DU DEVELOPPEMENT.  Bull. Soc  chim
     biol., Par.,  1936, 18:  1014-1026.  8 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1937  11-
    No. 18518; Chem.  Abstr., 1936,  30: 76484' —


270
  Roche,  A.  and Garcia, I.   VARIATIONS DU RAP-
    PORT:  PHOSPHORE-AZOTE DE L'OS AU COURS DE LA
    CROISSANCE CHEZ LE RAT.   C.  rend. Soc. biol
    1934,  116: 1029-1032.  2 refs.   Abstracted
    in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1934-35, 4:
    No. 2538.
271
Leulier, A., Policard, A. and Revol, L.  LA
  TENEUR EN CALCIUM ET EN PHOSPHORE DES DIVERS
  —^«c^T™r4WT«i htstologIOUES DES OS LONGS CHEZ
Strobino,  L.  J. and Farr, L. E.  THE RELATION
  TO AGE AND FUNCTION OF REGIONAL VARIATIONS
  IN NITROGEN AND ASH CONTENT OF BOVINE BONES
  J. Biol. Chem., 1949, 178: 599-609.  5 refs
  Abstracted in:  Biol. ABsTr.,  Bait., 1950  24-
  No. 1867; Chem. Abstr., 1949, 43-  5844h ' —' 
16
CHEMISTRY - VARIATIONS WITH AGE AND KINDS
  OF BONE (Continued)

272
  Swanson, W. W. and lob, V.  MINERAL COMPOSI-
    TION OF THE BONE AND CARTILAGE OF THE HUMAN
    FETUS.  Am. J. Dis. Child., 1937, 54: 1025-
    1029.  9 refs.  Abstracted in: ChemT Abstr.,
    1938, 32: 70995; Nutrit. Abstr., 1937-38.
    7: No."5031.

273
 ♦Weinges, K. F., Leppelmann, H. J. and Hartl,
    F.  UBER DEN CALCIUM-, PHOSPHAT-UND CARBONAT-
    GEHALT MENSCHLICHER SKELETTEILE IM ZUSAMMEN-
    HANG MIT FRAGEN DER KNOCHENSTRUKTUR UND IHRES
    UMBAUES UNTER NORMALEN UND KRANKHAFTEN BEDING-
    UNGEN.  Klin. Wschr., 1953, 31: 1057-1059.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr . ,~T954, 48: 4076^.
See
240
381
350
412
354
572
357
2263
380
2875
CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC
see also METABOLISM, INORGANIC; TRACE
ELEMENTS and subdivisions
274
   Andreatta,  C.  and Forni,  I.   RICERCHE ROENT-
     GENOGRAFICHE SUL COMPONENTE MINERALI DELL'OS-
     SO UMANO NATURALE NON POLVERIZZATA E SULL'OS-
     SA DEMINERALIZZATO.   Atti  Accad.  naz.  Lincei,
     Rendic.,  Class, sc.  fis.,  1952, 13:  14-18.  12
     refs   Abstracted in:  Chem.  Abstr.,  1953, 47:
     6524".   Roentgenograms  of  splinters of dry
     bone from a  human femur before and after  de-
     mineralization indicated conclusively  that
     "the mineral component  of  natural human bone,
     not pulverized nor thermically treated in any
     way, is an apatite."   A measurable line in
     the roentgenograms of  completely  demineral-
     ized bone suggested  that,  "its is not  im-
     probable  that the 15.5° line in the  deminer-
     alized  bone  diagrams may be  attributed to the
     organic substance of  the bone."  The article
     is preceded  by a review of the literature.

 275
   Bale, W.  F. A COMPARATIVE RONTGEN-RAY DIF-
     FRACTION STUDY OF SEVERAL  NATURAL APATITES
     AND THE APATITE-LIKE  CONSTITUENT OF BONE
     AND TOOTH SUBSTANCE.   Am.  J. Roentg.,  1940,
     43: 735-747.  24 refs.   It is shown that
     the unit cells of bone, tooth enamel,  den-
     tine, hydroxylapatite,  and tricalcium  phos-
     phate hydrate are identical  within the
     range of  experimental  error.  The inorganic
     substance of bone and  tooth  enamel tends  to
     approximate  the structure  of hydroxylapatite.
     It is suggested that  the carbonate present
     in these  substances does not form an in-
     tegral  part  of the apatite lattice but is
     present at boundary regions.

 276
  Bauer,  G. C. H.   RATE OF  BONE  SALT  FORMATION
     IN A HEALING FRACTURE DETERMINED  IN  RATS  BY
     MEANS OF  RADIO-CALCIUM.  Acta  orthop.  scand.,
     1954, 23:  169-191.  14  refs.

 277
  Brasseur, H. ,  Dallemagne,  M. J.  and  Melon,  J.
     CHEMICAL  NATURE OF SALTS FROM  BONES  AND
     TEETH AND OF TRICALCIUM  PHOSPHATE  PRECIPI-
     TATES.  Nature,  Lond.,  1946,  157:  453.  7
     refs.  Abstracted  in: Chem.  Abstr.,  1946,
     40:  40959; Nutrit. Abstr.,  Aberdeen, 1946-
     47,  16: No.  1845.

278
  Brasseur, H., Dallemagne,  M.  J.,and  Melon, J.
    LA NATURE DE LA  SUBSTANCE  MINERALE DE  L'OS
    Experientia,  Basel, 1948,  4:  421-424.   12
    refs.  Abstracted in:  Chem. Abstr.,  1949,
    43: 5060c.  "X-ray patterns of bone  salts
and
fore
  d of hydrated tricalcium phosphate, he-
  re and after ignition, indicate that bone
  It is not hydroxyl-apatite since it may he
converted to either carbonate-apatite or
oxyapatite, depending upon the loss oi
bon dioxide." - Chem.  Abstr.
279
                                     ' 1     T
Brasseur, H., Dallemagne, M. J. and M®1°"'  *L •
  REMARQUES SUR LA CONSTITUTION DE L' "f^?"^"
  APATITE ET DE LA CHLORAPATITE DE SYNTHEbfc
  PAR VOIE HUMIDE.  Bull. Soc sc. Liege, i»oi,
  20: 447-452.  5 refs.
280
Burns, C. M. and Henderson,  N.   THE UINERALV
  CONSTITUENTS OF BONE.  I.  METHODS OF ANALY-
  SIS.  Biochem. J.,  Lond.,  1935,  29:  2385-
  2395.  16 refs.  Abstracted in:  Chem.
  Abstr., 1936, 30: 25997.   "Methods are de-
  scribed for the analysis of the  Ca and
  phosphate of bone with an  average accuracy
  of *1.5%, and of CO2 with  an  accuracy of
  *3%.  Analysis of bone by  a method which
  involves filtering  off an  ammonium phospho-
  molybdate precipitate, or  leaching out the
  salt with alkaline  glycerol gives phosphate
  figures which are too low.   In 270 analyses
  of bone 70% of the  results  were  such as to
  indicate the presence of a  phosphate not
  tertiary Ca or Mg phosphate."
281
Burns, CM. and Henderson,  N.  THE SALTS OF
  YOUNG BONE.  J. Physiol.,  Lond., 1934, 82:
  Proc, 7.  "Variations in  carbonate and-phos-
  phate content indicates that bone salts are
  not deposited as a compound of calcium phos-
  phate and carbonate,  but rather as a mixture.
  The chemical changes  in bone under different
  conditions cannot be  deduced from the chemi-
  cal composition unless changes in size and
  modelling are also considered."
282
Cartier, P.  LES CONSTITUANTS MINERAUX DES
  TISSUS CALCIFIES.  I.  LA STRUCTURE MINERALE
  DE L'OS,  DE LA DENTINE ET DU CEMENT.  Bull.
  Soc. chim.  biol., Par., 1948, 30:  65-73.
  17 refs.   Abstracted in:  Chem.-Xbstr.,
  1948, 42: 7852*.   Solubility studies were
  made of-samples of bone,  dentine and cement
  in buffered solutions  of different degrees
  of acidity and the solubility curves com-
  pared with those  of alpha tricalcium phos-
  phate, calcium carbonate and natural car-
  bonate apatite (dahllite).   These  studies
  and determinations of  variations in the
  calcium-phosphorus ratio in the different
  solutions indicated that the mineral com-
  position  of the tissues studied was a
  simple mixture of alpha tricalcium phos-
  phate and calcium carbonate.
283
CaTISSn* rAT/^?*C30NSTiTUANTS MINERAUX DES
  TISSUS CALCIFIES.   II.  LA STRUCTURE MOLECU-
  LAIRE DU SEL DE L'OS.   Bull. Soc  chim
  biol., Par., 1948,  30:  73-81.  14 refs'
  Abstracted in:  Chem. Abstr., 1948  42-'
  I!fL; Bio1- Abstr., Bait., 1949,'23?'No.
  15324.  From solubility studies of~a bone
  sample at various  stages of demineraliza-
  tion it was concluded  that while the major
  constituents of bone salts are alpha tri-
  calcium phosphate  and  calcium carbonate,
  minor quantities of other minerals are also
  present as calcium citrate, trimagnesium
  phosphate, magnesium carbonate, secondary
  sodium phosphate and protein-bound calcium
  and  phosphorus.
284
Cartier, P. and Barraud, J.  fiTUDE CHIMIQue
  ET RADIOCRISTALLOGRAPHIQUE DE LA DEMINER-
  ALISATION DE L'OS.  J. rech. CNRS, Par.,
  1951, No. 16, 13-17.  15 refs.  A review
  of the literature and discussion of current
  theories is followed by a summary of  the
  author's experiments. 
CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC  (Continued)
17
285
COMPOSITION OF BONES AND TEETH.
  Rev., 1949, 7: 239-242.
Nutrit.
286
  Coppo, M.  RICERCHE SPERIMENTALI SULLA COM-
    POSIZIONE MINERALE DELLE OSSA. III.  Boll.
    Soc. ital. biol. sper., 1934, 9: 310-314.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1934, 28*
    64726.                             —

287
  Coppo, M.  STUDI SULLA COMPOSIZIONE MINERALE
    DELLE OSSA.  NOTA II. L'OSSO UMANO NORMALE.
    Fisiol. & med., Roma, 1934, 5: 237-249.  10
    refs.

288
  Dallemagne,  M.  J.  CHEMICAL NATURE OF SALTS
    FROM BONE AND TEETH AND OF TRICALCIUM PHOS-
    PHATE PRECIPITATES.   Nature, Lond., 1946,
    157: 453.   7 refs.

289
  Dallemagne, M. J.  LA COMPOSITION ET LA CONSTI-
    TUTION DE LA SUBSTANCE MINERALE OSSEUSE.  LA
    SUBSTANCE MINERALE OSSEUSE  RENFERME-T-ELLE
    DES APATITES?  Acta biol. belg., 1942,  2:
    301-303.  2 refs.. From solubility studies
    of a mixture of phosphate and calcium car-
    bonate in a solution of acetic acid and from
    determinations of the calcium-phosphorus
    ratio of the undissolved residue,  it was
    found that the least soluble  substance  of
    bone is tricalcium phosphate  and that bone
    does not contain  apatites.  But it was  ob-
    served that calcination at  900° centrigrade
    transforms the mixture of phosphate and cal-
    cium carbonate into carbonate apatite.   The
    theories of Policard and Roche are reviewed
    and refuted and Dallemagne's  own earlier
    theories are revised.
    chemical axis of bone, there probably
    exists a small percentage of hydroxyapatite
    and that around these two fundamental sub-
    stances the mass of phosphate and calcium
    carbonate is grouped.

293
  Dallemagne, M. J.  SOME RECENT FACTS ABOUT THE
    PROPERTIES OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE AND THE
    COMPOSITION OF THE BONE SALT.  Tr. Conf.
    Metab. Interrelat., 1952, 4 .Conf., 154-168.
    Conference discussion: p. 166-168.  24 refs.
294
 ♦Dallemagne, M. J. and Brasseur, H.  LA DIF-
    FRACTION DES RAYONS X PAR LA SUBSTANCE
    MINERALE OSSEUSE.  Bull. Soc. sc.,  Liege,
    1942, 11: 451-462; 488-495.  Abstracted in:
    Chem. Abstr., 1944, 38: 29779; 42969.
295
Dallemagne, M. J. and Brasseur,  H.   LA NATURE
  DU SEL PRINCIPAL DE L'OS ETUDIEE  PAR LA DIF-
  FRACTION DES RAYONS X;  UN CAS  D'INTERPRETA-
  TION DIFFICILE.  Experientia,  Basel, 1947,
  3: 469-471.  11 refs.  Abstracted in:  Chem.
  Abstr., 1948, 42: 2657f.
296
Dallemagne, M. J. and De Rycker,  H.   LA COMPO-
  SITION ET LA CONSTITUTION DE LA SUBSTANCE
  MINERALE OSSEUSE.  L'ANALYSE THERMIQUE DE LA
  SUBSTANCE MINERALE OSSEUSE.   Acta  biol.
  belg., 1942, 2: 445-447.   3  refs.   Study of
  the reactions of bone salts  to  various de-
  grees of temperature at different  atmos-
  pheric pressures.  This analysis is said to
  corroborate the conclusions  of  chemical and
  x-ray diffraction studies previously de-
  scribed .
290
  Dallemagne, M. J.  LA COMPOSITION ET LA CONSTI-
    TUTION DE LA SUBSTANCE MINERALE OSSEUSE.
    L'INDEPENDANCE DU PHOSPHATE TRICALCIQUE ET
    DU CARBONATE CALCIQUE DANS LES SELS OSSEUX
    NON CALCINES.  Acta biol. belg., 1942, 2:
    298-300.  2 refs.  From studies of the calci-
    um solubility of various bone sections, be-
    fore and after calcination, in hydrochloric
    acid solutions of increasing strength and
    from determinations of the mineral content
    of the resulting filtrates, it was concluded
    that before calcination the mineral substance
    of bone is essentially a mixture of trical-
    cium phosphate and calcium carbonate but that
    after calcination at 900° centigrade it is
    essentially a carbonate phosphorus combina-
    tion of the carbonate apatite type.

291
 ♦Dallemagne, M. J.  LA NATURE CHIMIQUE DE LA
    SUBSTANCE MINERALE OSSEUSE; PREMIERS ESSAIS
    D'INTERPRETATION DE CERTAINSNPHENOMENES
    PHYSIOPATHOLOGIQUES DE L'OS A LA LUMIERE DE
    CES NOTIONS NOUVELLES.  Liege, Gordinne,
    1943.  (Thdse d'Agregation de l'Enseignement
    Superieur.)

292
  Dallemagne, M. J.  QUELQUES CONSIDERATIONS
    D'ORDRE QUALITATIF AU SUJET DES MATIERES
    MINERALES DES RADIUS, DES CUBITUS ET DES
    TIBIAS DU LAPIN ADULTE.  Acta biol. belg.,
    1941, 1: 409-413.  6 refs.  From the re-
    sults of an experiment previously described
    in which determinations were made of the
    calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and carbon
    dioxide of mid-diaphyseal sections of the
    bones of adult rabbits' legs,  the qualita-
    tive grouping of these chemical elements
    was studied.  Exception is taken to the
    theory of Klement and TrOmel that bone is
    exclusively hydroxyapatite, but it is con-
    cluded that, in addition to the small quan-
    tity of carbonate apatite which forms the
297
  Dallemagne,  M.  J.  and  MSlon,  J.   LA  FORMATION
    DE BRUSHITE A PARTIR DES  SELS  OSSEUX OU
    DENTAIRES.  Bull.  Soc.  chim. biol.,  Par.,
    1945,  27:  597-599.   17  refs.   Abstracted  in:
    Chem.  ATistr., 1946,  40: 61401.   Experiments,
    in which brushite  was obtained from  alpha
    tricalcium phosphate, from  bone, dental ce-
    ment and dentin, were considered further
    proof  that the principal  mineral component
    of these structures  is  alpha tricalcium
    phosphate.  Brushite was  not obtained from
    dental enamel.

298
  Dallemagne,  M.  J. and  Melon,  J.   LES INDICES
    DE REFRACTION DE L'OS,  DE LA DENTINE, DU
    CEMENT ET DE  L'EMAIL.  C. rend. Soc. biol ,
    1944,  138:  1028-1031.  8  refs.  Measurement
    of the indices,  "led to the conclusions  that
    enamel possesses the chemical  qualities  of
    an apatite and that, contrary  to current
    opinion, dentine and cement have not an
    apatite structure  but have  a composition
    similar to that of bone,  i.e., a mixture  of
    CaC03 and tri-calcium phosphate in a combi-
    nation isomorphous with apatite.  Calcining
    converts this mixture of  the two salts into
    a phosphocarbonate combination."

299
  Dallemagne, M.  J. and  Melon,  J.   LE  POIDS
    SPECIFIQUE ET L'INDICE DE REFRACTION DE L'OS,
    DE L'EMAIL, DE LA DENTINE ET DU CEMENT.   PRE-
    MIERS RfiSULTATS RELATIFS A LA  DETERMINATION
    DE LA NATURE  CHIMIQUE DES CONSTITUANTS
    MINERAUX DE LA DENT.  Bull. Soc. chim. biol.,
    Par.,  1945, 27:  85-89.   8 refs.  Studies of
    the specific  gravity and  refractive index of
    bovine bone and teeth indicate that bone,
    dental cement and  dentine contain  a mixture
    of alpha tricalcium phosphate  and  calcium
    carbonate but that the principal constituant
    of enamel is  a carbonate apatite. 
18
CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC (Continued)
300
309
Dallemagne, M. J., Brasseur, H. and Me'lon, J.
  LA CONSTITUTION DE LA SUBSTANCE MINERALE DE
  L'OS ET LA SYNTHESE DES APATITES.  Bull. Soc.
  chim. France, 1949, 16: D138-D145.  36 refs.
  Abstracted in: Chem."Abstr., 1949, 43: 6716e.
  Objections to the theory that alpha trical-
  cium phosphate constitutes the main mineral
  substance of bone are answered by a series
  of x-ray diffraction studies, from which it
  is concluded that tricalcium phosphate really
  exists in the hydrated form but that, because
  of the instability of the compound, its prep-
  aration in a pure state requires specific and
  controlled conditions.  The article is pre-
  ceded by a review of the literature from 1862.
301
Dallemagne, M. J., Brasseur, H. and Mglon, J.
  L'EXISTENCE DU PHOSPHATE TRICALCIQUE«< ,  [CA3
  (p04)2l3-H2(OH)2.  Bull. Soc. chim. biol.,
  Par., 1949, 3: 425-431.  11 refs.  From x-ray
  diffraction studies it is concluded that
  alpha tricalcium phosphate is a well defined
  chemical substance but that the molecule is
  unstable in an aqueous medium.  The article
  contains a summary of the 5 principal theor-
  ies in the literature.
302
Eisenberger, S., Lehrman, A.  and Turner,  W. D.
  THE BASIC CALCIUM PHOSPHATES AND RELATED
  SYSTEMS.  SOME THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL
  ASPECTS.  Chem. Rev., Bait., 1940, 26:  257-
  296.  230 refs.                    —
Klement, R.  DIE ANORGANISCH^ SKELETSUBSIANZ
  IHRE ZUSAMMENSETZUNG, NATURLICHE UND KUNST
  LICHE BILDUNG.  Naturwissenschaften  13J»,
  26: 145-152.  28 refs.  The ^organic "£„_
  sTructure is analyzed and compared J» «™
  blooded and cold-blooded animals, fish ana
  birds.
310
  Klement,  R. and Tromel, G.  HYDROXYLAPATIT  DER
    HAUPTBESTANTEIL DER ANORGANISCHEN KNOCHEN-
    UND ZAHNSUBSTANZ.  Zschr. physiol.  Chem.,
    1932,  213: 263-269.  Approx. 25 refs.   Ab-
    stracted-^:  Chem. Abstr., 1933,  27= IO37•

311
 ♦Klement,  R.  NEUE UNTERSUCHUNGEN UB^R DIE AN-
    0RGANISCHE KNOCHEN- UND ZAHNSUBSTANZ UND IHRE
    SYNTHESE.  Klin. Wschr., 1937,  16:  591-593.
312
  Klement, R.  DIE ZUSAMMENSETZUNG DER KNOCHEN-
    STUTZSUBSTANZ.  Hoppe Seyler Zschr.,  1929,
    184: 132-142.   10 refs.   Abstracted  in:
    BTol. Abstr., Bait.,  1933, 7:  No.  10376.
313
Klement,  R.   DIE ZUSAMMENSETZUNG DER KNOCHEN-
  STUTZSUBSTANZ UND IHRE BILDUNG.   Hoppe
  Seyler  Zschr., 1931,  196:  140-154.   28
  refs.   Abstracted in:  Biol.  Abstr.,  Bait.,
  1932,  6:  No.  21876;  Chem.  Abstr.,  1931,
  25:  37TJ2.
303
  Fabry, C.  LA FIXATION DE CHAUX PAR LE PHOS-
    PHATE TRICALCIQUE EN MILIEU AQUEUX.   Bio-
    chem. biophys.  acta, Amst.,  1954, 14: 401-
    406.  7 refs.

304
  Follis, R. H., Jr.  THE INORGANIC COMPOSITION
    OF THE HUMAN RIB WITH AND WITHOUT MARROW
    ELEMENTS.  J. Biol. Chem.,  1952, 194: 223-
    226.  10 refs.   Abstracted in:  Chem. Abstr.,
    1952, 46: 5170e.  Analyses for  calcium,
    phosphorus and  carbonate were made and a
    series of normal values is presented.

305
  Govaerts, J.  ISOTOPIC EXCHANGES  AND THE
    EXISTENCE OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE IN BONE.
    Nature, Lond.,  1954, 174: 831-832.  11
    refs.  "... our results cannot  support
    the assumption  that the principal bone com-
    ponent is hydroxylapatite,  which absorbs
    phosphate enough to give a calcium phos-
    phorus ratio of 1.94."
314
306
  Greenwald,  I.
    PHOSPHATE.
    Biol. Chem,
 THE SOLUBILITY OF CALCIUM
II.  THE SOLUBILITY PRODUCT.
 1942,  143:  711-714.
J.
307
Hendricks, S. B. and Hill, W. L.  THE INORGANIC
  CONSTITUTION OF BONE.  Science, 1942, 96:
  255-257.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,"Bait.,
  1943, 17: No. 8970; Chem. Abstr., 1943, 37:
  9312. ™"In general, evidence now available
  would seem to indicate that bone contains a
  hydrated tricalcium phosphate type of com-
  pound instead of hydroxyapatite as widely
  accepted and that sodium and carbonate are
  essential constituents of this compound."
308
Hodge, H. C.  SOME CONSIDERATIONS OF THE
  SOLUBILITY OF CALCIUM PHOSPHATE.  Tr.
  Conf. Metab. Interrelat., 1951, 3. Conf.,
  190-204.  Conference discussion: p.  200-
  204.  15 refs.
Klement,  R.  and TrtJmel,  G.   ZUSAMMENSETZUNG
  UND BILDUNG DER ANORGANISCHEN KNOCHEN- UND
  ZAHNSUBSTANZ.  Klin.  Wschr.,  1933,  12: 292-
  294.  16 refs.  Also  in:  Hoppe Seyler
  Zschr., 1932, 213:  263-269.   Abstracted in:
  Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1933-34,  3: No.
  530; Chem. Abstr.,  1933,  27:  2990.  ~
315
  Kuyper,  A.  C.   THE CHEMISTRY OF BONE FORMA-
    TION.   I. THE COMPOSITION OF PRECIPITATES
    FORMED FROM  SALT SOLUTIONS.  J.  Biol.  Chem,
    1945,  159: 411-416.   26 refs. Abstracted
    in:  Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1946,  20: No. 616,
316
Kuyper,  A.  C.   THE CHEMISTRY OF BONE FORMA-
  TION.   II.  SOME FACTORS WHICH AFFECT THE
  SOLUBILITY OF CALCIUM PHOSPHATE IN BLOOD
  SERUM.  J.  Biol. Chem., 1945, 159:  417-424
  17 refs.   Abstracted in: Biol.TEstr   Bait
  1946,  20: No. 617;  Chem. Abstr ,  1945'  39.
317
Legrand, C, Barraud,  J. and Cartier  p
  ETUDE RADIOCRISTALLOGRAPHIQUE DU MELANnr
  PHOSPHATE TRICALCIQUE (^CARBONATE DE CAL-
  CIUM.  C. rend. Acad, sc., 1952  234-
  2624-2625.  3 refs.   In an effort-^'de-
  termine the calcium carbonate content of
  bone salts, radiocrystallographic studies
  were made of the ^tricalcium phosphate and
  calcium carbonate mixture.  it was found
  that it is not possible to detect calcium
  carbonate by X-ray diffraction when the
  content is inferior to 10% or 15% of IjL
  tricalcium phosphate.           * °f the
318
Levinskas, G. J.  SOLUBILITY STUDIES OF <?vn
  THETIC HYDROXYLAPATITE.  (THE LATTICE IV
  BONE MINERAL) .  134p.  Universit^cf
  Rochester Atomic Energy Project, Rochester,
  N. Y., 1953.  (UB-273).  125 refs.  Ab-
  stracted in: Nuclear Sc  Abstr   1954  8*
  No. 473.                              ' -' 
19
CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC  (Continued)
319
  Levinskas,  G.  J.   SURFACE EFFECTS ON THE SOL-
    UBILITY OF BONE SALT.   Fed.  Proc, Bait.,
    1953,  12: No.  471.   In the studies reported,
    "a synlEetic,  crystalline hydroxyl apatite
    has been equilibrated  with a series of
    solutions of varying composition. ... Much
    of the data can be explained as resulting
    from heteroionic exchange reactions involv-
    ing the substitution of calcium ions in the
    crystalline surfaces by sodium and hydronium
    ions from the solution.  Since the solid
    phase has been shown to vary with variations
    in the solution phase, it has been concluded
    that no single specific Kgp exists for the
    basic calcium phosphate system."

320
  Logan, M. A.  COMPOSITION OF CARTILAGE, BONE,
    DENTIN AND ENAMEL.  J. Biol. Chem.,  1935,
    110: 375-389. 16 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.
    XBstr.,  1935, 29: 54993; Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1936, 10: No. 15598.

321
  Logan, M. A. and Taylor, H. L.  SOLUBILITY OF
    BONE SALT.  J. Biol. Chem., 1937, 119: 293-
    307.  27 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,
    1937, 31: 58562; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1937,
    11: No7"16295.

322
  Logan, M. A. and Taylor, H. L.  SOLUBILITY OF
    BONE SALT.  II. FACTORS AFFECTING ITS FOR-
    MATION.  J. Biol. Ohem., 1938, 125:  377-
    390.  12 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1938, 12: No.  15849; Chem. Abstr.,
    1938, 32: 8516*6.

323
  Logan, M. A. and Kane, L. W.  SOLUBILITY OF
    BONE SALT.  IV. SOLUBILITY OF BONE IN BIO-
    LOGICAL FLUIDS.  J. Biol. Chem., 1939, 127:
    705-710.  7 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1939,  13: No. 7688; Ohem.
    Abstr.,  1939, 33: 2962T.

324
  MacDonald, R. P. and  Kuyper, A. C.  CHEMISTRY
    OF BONE  FORMATION:  RELATIONSHIP  BETWEEN COM-
    POSITION OF INORGANIC PRECIPITATES AND THEIR
    SUPERNATANT SOLUTIONS.  Fed. Proc,  Bait.,
    1952,  11^ 251-252.  An abstract.

325
  Marek,  J.,  Wellmann,  0. and UrbAnyi, L.
    WEITERE  UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER DEN  CHEMISCHEN
    AUFBAU DER  KNOCHENSALZE.  Hoppe  Seyler
    Zschr.,  1935,  234:  165-175.   4 refs.  Also
    in: Mez8gazdas""CgT Kutatasok,  1935, 8: 217-
    225.  Abstracted  in:  Nutrit. Abstr., Aber-
    deen,  1935-36,  5: No.  2844; Chem. Abstr.,
    1935,  29:  586597

326
   Horgulis,  S.  and Janecek,  E.   STUDIES  ON  THE
    CHEMICAL COMPOSITION  OF BONE  ASH.   J. Biol.
    Chem.,  1931,  93:  455-466.   20 refs.   Ab-
    stracted in:  BTol.  Abstr.,  Bait.,  1935,  9:
    No.  741; Nutrit.  Abstr.,  Aberdeen,  1931-3*2,
    1: No.  2553.   "...  samples  of  bone  ash  from
    The vertebrae of  a  variety  of  animals from
    fishes  to mammals.  On these  samples deter-
    minations  have been made  of calcium, magne-
    sium,  potassium,  phosphate  and carbonate.
    The  results  indicate  that  the  bone ash  from
    marine  fishes  contains only about half  as
    much  calcium  carbonate as  the  bone ash  from
    higher vertebrates.   There  is  some evidence
    that  the bone   ash  does not contain  CaHP04
    but that there  is a definite and simple
    molar relationship  between  the Ca3(P04>2
    and Ca(0H)2 pointing  to the possibility
    that  the principal  component of  the  bone
    ash is a complex salt of  the nature
    C*r{Ca3(PO4)2)6K0H)2." - Nutrit. Abstr.
327
  Neuman, W. F.  SOLUBILITY STUDIES WITH SYN-
    THETIC HYDROXYLAPATITE.  Tr. Conf. Metab.
    Interrelat., 1952, 4.Conf., 235-239.  3 refs.

qog
  Neuman  W  F  and Mulryan, B. J.  THE SURFACE
    CHEMtSTRY OF BONEV  I. RECBYSTALLIZATION.
    J. Biol. Chem., 1950, 185: 705-712.  14
    refs.  Abstracted in: CEem. Abstr., 1951,
    45:  5754i; Fed. Proc, Bait., 1950, 9: 304.
    A~~study of the behavior of powdered rresh
    bone suspended in phosphate buffer.  The
    mineral material of the bone undergoes rapid
    recrystallizat ion.
329
Neuman, W. F.  and Neuman.  M.  W.   THE NATURE OF
  THE MINERAL PHASE OF BONE.   Chem.  Rev.,
  Bait., 1953, 53:  1-45.   Abstracted in:  Chem.
  Abstr., 1953,"4"7:  11417e; Brit. Abstr.  M.
  Sc, 1954, p. "2T3.
330
Neuman, W. F., Toribara,  T.  Y.  and Mulryan,
  B. J.  THE SURFACE CHEMISTRY  OF BONE.   VII.
  THE HYDRATION LAYER.   23p. University of
  Rochester,Atomic Energy Project, Rochester,
  N. Y., 1952.  (UR-230)   25 refs.  A briefer
  report based on this  study appears in: J.
  Am. Chem. Soc, 1953, 75:  4239-4242.   "Three
  kinds of evidence have-Been obtained  which
  demonstrate that the  crystals of hydroxyl
  apatite and bone are  highly hydrated:  a)  the
  water is not removed  by high  speed centri-
  fugation; b) the water  layer  does not contain
  the electrolytes of the bulk  solution; and
  c) the crystals adsorb water  vapor in ac-
  cordance with the Brunauer, Emett, and
  Teller theory.  It has been shown that adult,
  compact shaft contains little, if any, water
  other than that present as water of hydra-
  tion.  The significance of these findings  is
  discussed."
331
  Nicolaysen, R.  DEN NORMALE BENDANNELSES
    BIOKJEMI.  Norsk, mag. laegevid.,  1935,  96:
    855-867.  2 pi. 13 refs.

332
  Pozzi, L. and Preto, E.   RICERCHE SUL CON-
    TENUTO MINERALE DELLE OSSA DEL RATTO IN
    SVARIATE CONDIZIONI SPERIMENTALI.   Biochim.
    ter. sper., 1931, 18:  397-407.  14 refs.
    Abstracted in: BioT7 Abstr.,  Bait., 1933,
    7: No. 8242; Chem. Abstr., 1933, 27: 1667.
    In rats the mineral content of the hind
    leg bones was determined  under various ex-
    perimental conditions: prolonged exposure
    to cold, sectioning of the sciatic and
    crural nerves, administration of irradiated
    ergosterol, parathormone and trypan blue.
    Only trypon blue increased the mineral con-
    tent.  Under all other conditions the
    mineral content was reduced.

333
  Prina, C.  DIIDROTACHISTERINA E COMPORTAMENTO
    DEL CA, DEL P E DELLA FOSFATASI PLASMATICA
    E DEI TESSUTI.  Arch, sc. med., Tor., 1952,
    94: 120-129.  12 refs.  Abstracted  in: Ex-
    cerpta med., Sect. 2, 1953, 6: No.  3464.
    In  rabbits a study was made of the  effects
    of  dihydrotachysterol on plasma and tissue
    calcium, phosphorus and phosphate.  No  sig-
    nificant changes were noted in bone mineral
    composition.
334
Quartaroli, A. and Fontanelli, G.  SULLA
  STRUTTURA CHIMICA DEL FOSFATAO TRICALCICO
  E DEL CALCARE NELLE F0SF0RITI E NELLE OSSA.
  Ann. Fac agraria, Pisa, n. ser. 1942, 5:
  416-434.  6 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.
  Abstr., 1947, 41: 2520e. 
20
CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC (Continued)

335
  Shear, M. J. and Kramer, B.  COMPOSITION OF
    BONE.  IX.  EQUILIBRATION OF SERUM WITH DI-
    CALCIUM PHOSPHATE,  J. Biol. Chem., 1930,
    86: 677-694.  35 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol,
    X*5str., Bait., 1932, 6: No. 6787; Chem.
    Abstr., 1930, 24: 4813.
336
  Shear,  M.  J.  and Offner,  M.  M.   COMPOSITION OF
    BONE.  XI.  BINDING OF CALCIUM IONS BY SERUM.
    J. Biol. Chem:, 1931, 91:  291-305.  21 refs.
    Abstracted in: Nutrit .Tbstr .,  Aberdeen,
    1931-32, l: No. 452.
337
  Silberstein,  L.   CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDE DE LA
    COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE DES  OS: CAS DU FEMUR DE
    CHEVAL.   Bull.  Soc chim. biol., Par., 1935,
    17:  667-670.  20 refs.  This report is es-
    sentially the  same as  that in: C. rend.
    Acad,  sc,  1935,  200:  421-423.
tfadhwani, T. K.  EXCHANGE MECHANISM  IN B0^"
   Current Sc., Bangalore, 1953, 22:  229-23"•
   Abstracted in: Brit. Abstr. M."~5c, *95*'
   p  340.  "A process of repeated equili°r
   tion of bone salt with NaF does not sUP~
   port the hypothesis, based on exchange r
   actions in vivo, that calcified tissues,
   particularly bones, can be divided into
   labile and non-labile parts." - Brit.
   Abstr.
See:
7 421 638	11 478 870	12 479 871	13 611 876	20 619 891
894	1152	1182	1205	1223
1231	1235	1241	1363	1378
1402	1404	1406	1429	1544
1545	1888	1889	1893	1905
1940	1972	2003	2132	2387
2396	2724	2829	2896	2900
338
  Silberstein,  L.   SUR LA COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE
    DES OS:  CAS DU FEMUR DE CHEVAL.  C. rend.
    Acad, sc,  1935,  200:  421-423.   16 refs.
    Abstracted  in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,
    1935-36, 5: No. 471; Chem. Abstr., 1935,
    29: 2986V7
339
  Steadman,  L.  T.,  Hodge,  H.  C.  and  Horn, H. W.
    SPECTROCHEMICAL STUDIES OF POTASSIUM  IN BONE
    AND TOOTH SUBSTANCE.   J.  Biol. Chem., 1941,
    140: 71-76.  18 refs.   "Potassium  has been
    found spectrographically  in  bone,  enamel,
    and dentin.  Enamel contains about 0.3 per
    cent of  potassium;  in  order  of potassium con-
    tent, enamel <dentin <bone.   Increasing
    amounts  of  calcium  salts,  e.g.,  calcium phos-
    phates,  increase the amounts of  potassium
    needed to give  detectable lines  in the
    spectra."

340
  Tanzi, B.   IL RAPPORTO FOSFORO/AZOTO (P/N) E
    CALCI0/AZOT0 (CA/N) NELLE OSSA DI  RATTI IN
    ACCRESCIMENTO TRATTAI  COL BROMURO  DI  SODIO.
    Gior. clin. med., 1939, 20:  1248-1258.  Ab-
    stracted in: Boll.  Soc. TTal. biol. sper.,
    1939, 14: 728-730.   7  refs.
341
  Tanzi,  B.   SUL RAPPORTO P/N  (FOSFORO/AZOTO) E
    CA/N (CALCIO/AZOTO)  NEL  TESSUTO OSSEO DI
    RATTI IN ACCRESCIMENTO EMATOPORFIRINIZZATI.
    Boll. Soc.  ital.  biol. sper., 1939, 14: 730-
    732.   7  refs.   Abstracted  in: Chem. ABstr.,
    1940, 34:  1741?.
342
  Thewlis,  J.,  Glock,  G.  E.  and Murray, M. M.
    CHEMICAL AND X-RAY ANALYSIS OF DENTAL,
    MINERAL AND SYNTHETIC APATITES.   Tr.
    Faraday Soc, 1939, 35:  358-363.   pi.  21
    refs .

343
  Toverud,  K. U. and Toverud,  G.  CHEMICAL AND
    HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF BONES AND TEETH  OF
    NEWBORN INFANTS.  Acta paediat.,  Upps.,
    1933,  16: 459-467.  3 refs.   Discussion:
    p. 466^367.  Abstracted in:  Chem. Abstr.,
    1936,  30: 3028*; Biol. Abstr.,  Bait.,  1935,
    9: No.-T3709.

344
  Urbanyi,  L.  A CSONTOK SOINAK CHEMIAI
    SZERKEZETE.  [CHEMICAL STRUCTURE  OF BONES]
    Allatorv. lap.,  1937, 60:  204-207.  Ab-
    stracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1937,  31: 70981.
CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC - CALCIUM

  see also METABOLISM, INORGANIC - CALCIUM
  Almasy, F.  NEUERE ERGEBNISSE UBER DEN KALZIUM-
    PHOSPHORSTOFFWECHSEL DES RINDES.  Schweiz.
    Arch. Tierh., 1952, 94: 813-824.  18 refs.
    Study of the variable conditions of bone mar-
    row growth, showing variations in Ca and P
    percentage in bone and soft tiss"es, condi-
    tions for retention and elimination of these
    two elements and the role of phosphoric acid
    and its organic derivations.

347
  Arnold, J. S.  CALCIUM METABOLISM OF GROWING
    AND MATURE BONE.  Fed. Proc, Bait., 1952,
    11: 5-6.  An abstract.  A radioautographic
    iTudy of the distribution of Ca45 in the
    bones of rats and rabbits.
348
  Arnold, J. S., Johnson, K. E. and Jee,  W.  S.  S.
    QUANTITATIVE RADIOAUTOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE
    CONCENTRATION OF IN VIVO FIXED CA-45  IN NEW
    AND MATURE BONE.  Fed. Proc, Bait.,  1954,
    13: 421.  An abstract.
349
Benoit, J., Chechan, C. and Clavert,  J.
  ACTION DE LA FOLLICULINE SUR LE METABO-
  LISME DU CALCIUM £HEZ LES OISEAUX.   III.
  ETUDE MICROPHOTOMETRIQUE DES RADIOGRAPHIES
  D'OSSIFICATION FOLLICULINIQUE CHEZ  LE
  PIGEON DOMESTIQUE.  Tr. Soc. chim.  biol.,
  1942, 24: 1464-1468.  4 refs.  Abstracted
  in: NuTrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1946-47,  16:
  No. 1964.
350
Bogert, L. J. and Hastings, A. B.   THE CAL-
  CIUM SALTS OF BONE.  J. Biol. Chem., 1931,
  94: 473-481.  9 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.
  Abstr., 1932, 26: 1968; Nutrit. Abstr.,
  Aberdeen, 1931"""32, 1: No. 2555.   No ma-
  terial difference in the inorganic compo-
  sition of the inner and outer portions of
  bone was observed.  Findings indicated
  that the chief inorganic constituent of
  bone is probably a crystalline salt CacOo.
  n Ca3(P04)2, where n approximates the value
  2 in untreated bone.
351
Ferroni. M. and Franciosi, A.  IL QUADRO BIO-
  CHIMICO DEL MIDOLLO OSSEO.  NOTA PRIMA: IL
  CALCIO E IL FOSFORO NEL SUCCO MIDOLLARE.
  Arch  pat., Bologna, 1942, 22: 459-472. 
CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC - CALCIUM  (Continued)
21
352
  GyOrgy, P.  DIE BESONDERE STELLUNG DER SUB-
    EPIPHYSAREN KNOCHENSCHICHT IM KALKSTOFF-
    WECHSEL ALS EINES LEICHT MOBILISIERBAREN
    KALKSPEICHERS.  Klin. Wschr., 1930, 9:
    102-104.  Rats fed a calcium-poor diet,
    developed an osteoporosis in the sub-
    epiphyseal region of the long bones.  The
    author considers this region a calcium
    reservoir to be drawn upon in states of
    calcium deficiency.

353
  Maymone, B.  IL CALCIO NELL'ORGANISMO ANIMALE.
    Italia agr., 1952,  89:  237-244.
354
Rutishauser, E. and Maulbetsch, A.  DER CAL-
  CIUM-PHOSPHORGEHALT DES SKELETTS UND DES
  BLUTSERUMS BEI EINFACHER, SENILER OSTEO-
  PEROSE.  Beitr. path. Anat., 1934, 94: 332-
  344.  35 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr
  1935, 29: 22255.
in determining the carbon dioxide content
of bone powder after heating to a high
temperature and comparing this result to
those similarly obtained with a mixture of
tricalcium phosphate and calcium carbonate
and also with a staffelite, phosphorus-
carbonate, combination.  It was concluded
that nearly all bone phosphates and carbo-
nates form a simple mixture, but that 2.5%
of all bone carbon dioxide forms a closer
bond with the mass of bone minerals.  The
"bone salts" which Roche considered the
mineral axis of bone exist in relatively
small quantity, submerged in the large mass
of tricalcium phosphate and calcium carbo-
nate .
360
Delluva, A.M. and Wilson, D. W.  A STUDY WITH
  ISOTOPIC CARBON OF THE ASSIMILATION OF CARBON
  DIOXIDE IN THE RAT.  J. Biol. Chem., 1946,
  166: 739-746.  19 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.
  XBstr., 1947, 41: 17411.
355
  Weidman, S. M. and Rogers, H. J.  STUDIES ON
    THE SKELETAL TISSUES.  I. THE DEGREE OF CAL-
    CIFICATION OF SELECTED MAMMALIAN BONES.
    Biochem. J., Lond., 1950, 47: 493-497.  10
    refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1951, 25: No. 20657.

See:
361
 ♦Gassmann, T.  BEMERKUNGEN ZU DER ARBEIT VON
    R. KLEMENT "DER CARBONATGEHALT DER ANORGAN-
    ISCHEN KNOCHENSUBSTANZ UND IHRE SYNTHESE."
    Ber. Deut. chem. Ges., 1937,  70:  41-42.
    Abstracted in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,
    1937-38, 7:  No. 498; Chem. Abstr., 1937,  31:
    18612.   "                               —
251	264	535	1253	1369
1397	1403	1426	1456	1500
1944	1987	2187	2681	2845
2867	2872	2875	2948	2951
362
CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC - CARBONATE

  see also METABOLISM, INORGANIC - CARBONATE

356
  Armstrong, W. D. , Schubert, J. and Lmdenbaum,
    A.  THE INCORPORATION OF RADIOACTIVE CARBON
    IN THE SKELETON AND TEETH OF RATS.  J. Dent.
    Res., 1948, 27: 725.  An abstract.  "The ad-
    ministration of radioactive carbon as sodium
    carbonate and as calcium carbonate results
    in the incorporation of the radioactive
    carbon in the mineral phase and in the pro-
    tein of bones and teeth."
Irving,  L.  and  Chute, A.  L.   THE  PARTICIPA-
  TION OF THE CARBONATES  OF BONE  IN  THE NEU-
  TRALIZATION OF  INGESTED ACID.   J.  Cellul.
  Physiol.,  1932,  2:  157-176.  Abstracted  in:
  Biol.  Abstr., BaTt.,  1934,  8: No.  5608;
  Chem.  Abstr., 1933, 27: 766.  "The results
  indicate  that the C02 component of the
  bones  is  more labile  than the P, and that
  in  consequence  the mineral  components of
  bone do not exist in  fixed  proportion."
363
 ♦Klement,  R.   DER CARBONATGEHALT DER ANORGANI-
    SCHEN KNOCHENSUBSTANZ UND IHRE SYNTHESE.
    Ber.  Deut.  chem.  Ges.,  1936,  69:  2232-2238.
    Abstracted  in:  Biol.  Abstr.,  Bait.,  1937,
    U:  No. 16293;  Chem.  Abstr.,  1937, 31:  4394
357
   Bergstrom.  W.  H.  and  Bell,  E.  H.   THE RELA-
     TIONSHIP  OF  SODIUM  AND POTASSIUM TO CARBO-
     NATE  IN BONE,  J.  Biol.  Chem.,  1954,  206:
     711-715.   13 refs.   "...  analyses of rat
     bone  for  Na,  K, Ca,  and CO3  in  normal ani-
     mals  of varying age and in acidotic ani-
     mals  are  presented.   The  ratios C03:Ca,
     C03:Na-f  K,  and Na—f K:Ca are  indicated.
     The changes  observed following  acidosis
     suggest that  all  of  the Na and  K in bone is
     present as Ca-0-C02-Na(K)."  Carbonate and
     sodium  increased  with age, both in  absolute
     amounts and  in relation to calcium.

358
  Buchanan, D. L. and Nakao, A.  TURNOVER OF
    BONE CARBONATE.   J.  Biol. Chem.,  1952, 198:
    245-257.  10  refs.   Abstracted  in:  Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1953,  27: No. 6507*   Chem.
    Abstr., 1953, 47: 739h"7

359
  Dallemagne, M. J.  ETUDE  QUANTITATIVE  ET
    QUALITATIVE DU C02 OSSEUX.  Acta  biol.
    belg.,  1941, 1: 374-379.  12 refs.   The
    carbon  dioxide content  of the radius,
    ulna and tibia of 12  adult rabbits was de-
    termined quantitatively by a conductivity
    method  previously described and the  per-
    centage found to vary between 3 and  5
    milligrams.  Qualitative analysis consisted
364
Logan,  M. A.  and Taylor,  H.  L.   SOLUBILITY OF
  BONE  SALT.   III.  PARTIAL SOLUTION OF BONE
  AND CARBONATE-CONTAINING CALCIUM PHOSPHATE
  PRECIPITATES.   J.  Biol. Chem.,  1938,  125:
  391-397.  7 refs.   Abstracted in:  ChemT-
  Abstr., 1938,  32:  85169; Biol.  Abstr.,
  Bait.,  1938,  127  No.  16162.
365
 ♦Mayer,  F.  K.  [THE MODIFICATIONS OF CALCIUM
    CARBONATE IN THE SHELLS AND SKELETONS OF
    ORGANISMS]   Chem.  Erde.,  1932,  7:  346-350.
    Abstracted in:  Chem.  Abstr.,  193~2,  26:  5583,
366
  Sobel,  A.  E.,  Rockenmacher,  M.  and Kramer,  B.
    THE CARBONATE CONTENT OF BONE IN RELATION
    TO THE COMPOSTION OF BLOOD AND DIET.   J.
    Biol. Chem.,  1945, 158:  475-489.  34  refs.
    "The changes  in bone C03:Ca ratio...  are
    related to changes in the C02:P ratio of
    the serum.   The serum C02:P ratios in turn
    are influenced by the dietary Ca:P ratios
    and levels,  modified by vitamin D and other
    factors.  The implications of these findings
    on the understanding of the mechanism of
    bone formation are discussed." 
22
CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC - MAGNESIUM
367
Aguilar, A.  CONTRIBUCION AL ESTUDIO DEL
  MAGNESIO HEMATICO EN CONDICIONES NORMALES Y
  PATOLOGICAS.  Sem. med., B. Air., 1934, No.
  36, 691-720.  288 refs.  Abstracted in:
  Chem. Abstr., 1934, 28: 735Q2.
377
368
  Cannavo, L. and Capizzi, I.  SUL CONTENUTO IN
    MAGNESIO DI ALCUNI ORGANI DEL CONIGLIO.
    Boll. Soc. ital. biol. sper., 1933, 8: 354-
    355.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1933,
    27: 5800.

369
  Cartier, P. and Simonart, J.  REACTION DE
    L"OS ADULTE A L'IMPLANTATION DE MAGNESIUM
    METALLIQUE.  C. rend. Soc. biol., 1946,
    140: 393-395.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,
    T9"4"7, 41: 3868f.  Tibiae of adult rats were
    drilled"-and small pieces of magnesium wire
    inserted  in the holes in the upper meta-
    physis.   Chemical and histological analyses
    made 35 to 45 days later indicated that the
    implants  had caused local activation of
    bone phosphatase and a disturbance of cal-
    cium and  phosphorus metabolism manifested
    by bone thickening, or demineralization
    with elevated calcium, phosphorus and
    serum phosphatase levels.

370
  Cunningham, I.  J.  THE DISTRIBUTION OF MAG-
    NESIUM IN THE ANIMAL ORGANISM AND THE EF-
    FECT OF DIETARY MAGNESIUM.  N. Zealand J.
    Sc., 1936, 18:  419-423.  4 refs.   Ab-
    stracted  in:  Nutrit. Abstr.,  Aberdeen,
    1936-37, 6: No. 5089.

371
  Duckworth, J. and Godden, W.  THE REPLENISH-
    MENT OF DEPLETED SKELETAL RESERVES OF MAG-
    NESIUM.   Biochem.  J.,  Lond.,  1943, 37:  595-
    598.  7 refs.   Abstracted in: Cnem.-Ibstr.,
    1944, 38: 23804.
THE PHOSPHA-
 III.  MAGNESIUM
 J. Biol.  Chem.,
 Abstracted in:
372
  Jenner, H. D. and Kay, H. D.
    TASES Cr MAMMALIAN TISSUES
    AND T>iS PHOSPHATASE SYSTEM
    1931, 93: 733-748.  6 refs
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1931-32, 1: No.
    2485.  The function of magnesium as a spe-
    cific activator for various tissue phospha-
    tases including bone was studied.

373
  Klement, R.  BASICHE PHOSPHATE ZWEIWERTIGER
    METALLE.  I. BASICHE MAGNESIUMPHOSPHATE.
    Zschr. anorgan. allg. Chem., 1936, 228:
    232-240.  17 refs.  Abstracted in: Nutrit.
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 1936-37, 6: No. 3499.
    "Experiments on the hydrolysis of MgHP04
    were carried out  to determine the possible
    state of combination of Mg in bone."
    - Nutrit. Abstr.

374
  Orent, E. R., Kruse, H. D. and McCollum, E. V.
    STUDIES ON MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY IN ANIMALS.
    VI. CHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE BONE, WITH AS-
    SOCIATED BLOOD CHANGES, RESULTING FROM MAG-
    NESIUM DEPRIVATION.  J. Biol. Chem., 1934,
    106: 573-593.  38 refs.  Abstracted in:
    BTol . Abstr., Bait., 1935, 9: No. 18358;
    Chem. Abstr., 1934, 28: 68159.

375
  Robuschi, L.  INFLUENZA DELL'ERGOSTERINA IR-
    RADIATA SUL CONTENUTO IN MAGNESIO DELLE OSSA.
    Atti Soc. med. chir. Padova, 1933, ser. 2,
    U:  248-254.  13 refs .

376
  Robuschi, L.  IL MAGNESIO NELLE OSSA DI ANIMALI
    TRATTATI CON ERGOSTERINA IRRADIATA.  Boll.
    Soc ital. biol. sper., 1933, 8: 675-679.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 19"34, 28: 5097.
Rubegni, R.   INFLUENZA DI UN TRATTAMENTO PRO-
  LUNGATO CON UN SALE DI MG.  SULLA COMPOSI-
  ZIONE MINERALE DELL'OSSO.  Pathologica,
  Genova, 1936,  28:  69-75.  38 refs   Ab-
  stracted in:  CKim.  Abstr.,  1936, 30:  3880*.
See:
396
1971
809
2621
1193
2704
1231
2810
1285
CHEMISTRY,  INORGANIC  - PHOSPHORUS

   see also  METABOLISM, INORGANIC - PHOSPHORUS

378
   Adams, C. O.  CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TRANS-
    VERSE METAPHYSEAL BANDS PRODUCED IN GROWING
    BONES BY PHOSPHORUS INGESTION.  Proc. Soc.
    Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1938, 39: 351-354.  7
    refs.   Abstracted in: BioTT Abstr., Bait.,
    1939, 13: No. 467; Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,
    1938-39T 8: No. 4969.  The bands of dense
    bone contain a normal ratio of P and Ca.
    The density is the result of growth arrest.

379
   Antoniani, C. and Usuelli, F.  SULLA COSTI-
    TUZIONE CHIMICA DEL FOSFATO CALICO DELLE
    OSSA.   Profilassi, 1932, 5: 179-180.

380
   Black, A. L., Kleiber, M., Smith, A. H. and
    Ralston, N. P.  MOBILITY OF SKELETAL PHOS-
    PHOROUS IN A MATURE DAIRY COW AS DETERMINED
    WITH RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHOROUS.  Proc. Soc.
    Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1953, 82: 248-252.  16
    refs.   Abstracted in: BioTT Abstr., Bait.,
    1953. 27: No. 27652; Chem. Abstr., 1953, 47:
    60106;~N"uclear Sc. Abstr., 1953, 7: No. 13"6~4 .
    The "labile" phosphorous pool in The skeleton
    of a mature dairy cow was measured by use of
    P32.  The pool contains about 1% of the total
    skeletal phosphorous, which represents a
    store 15 times as large as the circulating
    phosphorous pool of the plasma.  While the
    "labile" phosphorous is distributed through-
    out the skeleton, its concentration in tra-
    becular bone is 3 times that in cortical
    bone .
381
  Bonner,  J. F.,  Jr.   INFLUENCE OF  AGE  ON UPTAKE
    OF RADIOACTIVE  PHOSPHORUS  BY THE  SKELETON
    IN:  PHARMACOLOGY AND  TOXICOLOGY OF  URANIUM
    COMPOUNDS.   (Voegtlin,  C.  and Hodge  H C
    eds.)   New  York, McGraw-Hill,  1953  '  (Na- '
    tional  Nuclear  Energy series, Manhattan
    Project  Technical  Sect., Div  6  v  1   nt   4
    p. 1970-1991).   Abstracted in:  Chem 'Abstr
    1953,  47:  10704a .                     ADStr .,

382
   Fontaine, M.  SUR LA RELATION EXISTANT CHF7 im
    POISSONS MARINS ET POTAMOTOQUES ENTRE LA
    TENEUR  EN PHOSPHORE INORGANIQUE DU SERUM FT
    L'OSSIFICATION DU SQUELETTE.  C. rend  L
    sc, 1932, 194: 395-396.   3 refs   Ab-
    stracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1932  26' 4881
383                                ' —'
   Hodge, H. C, Bale, W.. F. and LeFevre  M   T
    MOLECULAR CONSTITUTION OF  TOOTH AND BOOT
    PHOSPHATES.  J. Biol. Chem   1937  119
    Proc,  49   An abstract.   "Teeth,'bc^is
    commercial tricalcium phosphates   and cal
    cium phosphates precipitated at dH 7  ,n
    have hydroxylapatite diffrartin„ „ ll
    before  ignitioE.  After ignijlon^mo S^r
    less change occurs to /a-Ca-jPnfv, ^,4.*
    depending on the  Carp'&iS *VoHT"tA
    Ca:P ratio depends more on mode ofpr4cJpI-
    tation  than on  amounts of  Ca and P added
    From electrometric titrations, the precipi-
    tates are either  CaHP04 or  have  the  hydro-
    xylapatite lattice." 
23
CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC - PHOSPHORUS  (Con-
  tinued)

384
  Karaila, E.  UBER DEN PHOSPHORGEHALT DER  MUS-
    KELN UND DER  KNOCHEN  NORMALER  UND BEI
    RACHITOGENISCHER DlXT GEHALTENER KANINCHEN.
    Skand. Arch.  Physiol., Berl.,  1937, 77:  48-
    49   Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1935,  32-
    6301.                                    —'

385
  Kraijenhoff Sloot, W. J. A. T. and Kroon,  D. B.
    ON THE PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS  IN THE SKELETON
    AND IN THE SOFT PARTS OF CHICKEN EMBRYOS.
    Arch, neerl.  physiol., 1942, 26: 239-249.  3
    refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.  Ablstr. , 1944,  38:
    59183.

386
  McLean,  F. C.   THE ECONOMY OF PHOSPHORUS  IN
    THE ANIMAL  KINGDOM.   IN:  BIOLOGICAL  ACTION
    OF THE VITAMINS; A SYMPOSIUM.   (Evans,
    E. A., Jr.,  ed.)   Chicago,  The University
    of Chicago  Press,  1942.   p. 185-201.   13
    refs .

387
  Manery,  J. F.  and Bale, W.  F.  THE PENETRATION
    OF RADIOACTIVE  SODIUM AND PHOSPHORUS  INTO
    EXTRA- AND  INTRACELLULAR PHASES OF TISSUES.
    Am. J. Physiol., 1941, 132:  215-231.  24
    refs.  The  femur of  the  rat is one of the
    tissues studied.

388
  Manly, M. L.  and  Levy,  S.  R.   ADSORPTION
    STUDIES ON  ENAMEL, DENTINE  AND BONE.  J.
    Am. Chem. Soc, 1939, 61: 2588-2590.  12
    refs.  Abstracted  in: CEem.  Abstr.,  1940,
    34: 1436.

389
  Manly, M. L.,  Hodge, H. C.  and Van Voorhis,
    S. N.  DISTRIBUTION  OF INGESTED PHOSPHORUS
    IN BONE AND  TEETH  OF  A DOG,  SHOWN BY  RADIO-
    ACTIVE ISOTOPE.  Proc. Soc.  Exp. Biol.,
    N. Y., 1940,  45: 70-72.   3  refs.  Abstracted
    in: Nutrit.  Abstr., Aberdeen,  1940-41,  10:
    No. 3590.   "The uptake of radioactive pHos-
    phorus was  greater in spongy than in  dense
    diaphyseal  bone when  salts  of  the element
    were administered  orally....  In dentine
    the amounts  of  radioactive  phosphorus were
    constant for  the various teeth, and of  the
    same order  as that present  in  dense dia-
    physeal bone.  No  more than traces of
    phosphorus  were found in the enamel."

390
  Monetti, G.   IL FOSFORO ACIDOSOLUBILE DEL
    TESSUTO OSSEO.  Boll. Soc.  ital. biol.
    sper., 1941,  16: 725-726.   2 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in:  Chem. Abstr.,  1946, 40:  61399.
393
  Rogers,  H.  J.,  Weidmann,  S.  M.  and Jones, H. G.
    STUDIES ON THE SKELETAL TISSUES.  III. THE
    RATE OF EXCHANGE OF THE INORGANIC PHOSPHATE
    IN DIFFERENT BONES AND PARTS  OF BONES IN
    VARIOUS SPECIES OF MAMMAL.  Biochem. J.,
    Lond., 1953,  54: 37-42.  22 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1953, 27: No. 27033;
    Chem.  Abstr., 1953, 47: 7066e.  Rabbits,
    cats,  rats and ferrets were injected with JZP
    as a tracer.   The rate of exchange of phos-
    phate in the cortical bone of cats was found
    to be very much slower than in the same type
    of bone in rabbits and rats.   This difference
    did not extend to the trabeculae of the can-
    cellous metaphyseal bones.  The distribution
    of the tracer within the femoral and tibial
    cortical bone of rabbits showed great
    heterogeneity.  The significance of this
    heterogeneity is discussed.

394
  Todd, W. R.  THE REMOVAL OF INORGANIC PHOS-
    PHORUS FROM PHOSPHATE SOLUTIONS BY RAT BONE.
    Arch.  Biochem., N. Y.,  1943,  1: 369-372.
    5 refs .  "When a phosphate buTfer is added
    to minced rat bone there is a rapid decrease
    in the inorganic phosphate content of the
    buffer.  Under the experimental conditions
    described this phenomenon cannot be due to
    enzymatic action.  The possibility of an
    ionic interchange is discussed."
395
Zetterstrom,  R.   RENEWAL OF PHOSPHATE IN BONE
  MINERALS.  I.  RENEWAL RATE OF PHOSPHATE IN
  RELATION TO THE SOLUBILITY OF THE BONE
  MINERALS.  Biochim.  biophys.  acta, Amst.,
  1952, 8: 283-293.  43 refs.  "The inorganic
  part oT bone tissue is composed of an un-
  known number of fractions with different
  solubility when acetate buffers and saturated
  inert ammonium sulphates are used as solvent
  systems.  The most soluble fractions also
  have the most rapid rate of phosphate re-
  newal; one fraction seems to be nearly in
  ionic equilibrium with orthophosphate in
  plasma.  The significance of these observa-
  tions has been discussed."
See:
6	7	264	346	351
354	387	1238	1944	1973
2169	2333	2681	2861	2919
2939	2948	2965		
CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC - SODIUM

  see also METABOLISM, INORGANIC - SODIUM
391
Neuman, W. F. and Riley, R. F.  THE UPTAKE OF
  RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS BY THE CALCIFIED
  TISSUES OF NORMAL AND CHOLINE-DEFICIENT
  RATS.  J. Biol. Chem., 1947, 168: 545-554.
  13 refs.  "There is an initial, rapid
  entrance of labeled phosphate into the
  bones following administration of a trace
  amount of the isotope.  Most of this iso-
  topic phosphate is temporarily 'fixed'  in
  the bones by an ionic exchange between the
  fluids and the apatite crystals.   The
  mechanism of this exchange is discussed....
  Severe choline deficiency in the albino rat
  did not alter the uptake of isotopic phos-
  phate by the femur to any marked  degree.  A
  mild deficiency showed no effect."
392
  Percival  W  L., Findlay, D., Gross, J. and
    Leblond, C. J?!  AUTOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF THE
    BONY TISSUES WITH RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS
    AND OF THE THYROID WITH RADIOACTIVE IODINE.
    Anat  Rec, 1947, 97: 424.  An abstract.
396
  Dallemagne,  M.  J.  and MSlon,  J.   L'ETAT CHIMI-
    QUE DU MAGNESIUM ET DU SODIUM DES SELS OS-
    SEUX.  Arch,  internat. physiol.,  1950, 58:
    188-200.  18  refs.   Abstracted in:  Chem.
    Abstr., 1952, 46: 51636.   When mineralized
    the magnesium and sodium of bone  salts were
    present as carbonate;  when heated at 600°
    centigrade they were liberated; before
    heating they  were fixed to the surface of
    the phosphate crystals.

397
  Harrison, H. E.  THE  SODIUM CONTENT OF BONE
    AND OTHER CALCIFIED MATERIAL.   J. Biol.
    Chem., 1937,  120: 457-462.   14 refs.  The
    excess sodium of the bone in normal animals
    and those with various disorders  of calci-
    fication is,  in general,  directly propor-
    tional to the calcium content, the ratio
    being 1 to 30 molecules.   It is suggested
    that the sodium found in calcified material
    is part of an apatite complex similar to
    the sodium found in the naturally occurring
    fluorapatite. 
24
CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC - SODIUM  (Continued)


398
  Hodge,  H. C, Koss, W. F., Ginn, J. T. ,
    Falkenheim, M. , Gavett, E., Fowler,  R. C,
    Thomas, I., Bonner, J. F.  and Dessauer, G.
    THE NATURE OF  THE INSOLUBLE SODIUM OF BONE.
    THE ADSORPTION OF SODIUM AT FORTY DEGREES
    BY BONE, DENTIN, ENAMEL, AND HYDROXYAPATITE
    AS SHOWN BY THE RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE.  J.
    Biol. Chem., 1943, 148: 321-331.  20 refs.
    Abstracted in: BiolTTbstr. , Bait.,  1943,
    17: No. 23946; Chem. Abstr., ;943, 37:
    """0826.                             —

399
  Koss, W. F. and  Ginn, J. T.  DISTRIBUTION OF
    SODIUM IN THE  TEETH AND BONES OF DOGS AS
    SHOWN BY THE RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE.  J. Dent.
    Res., 1941, 20: 465-470.   10 refs.   Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1942, 16:
    No. 14732; Chem. Abstr., 1942, 36: 109297"

400
  Stoll,  W. R.  NATURE OF  SODIUM  IN  BONE.  Fed.
    Proc, Bait.,  1954, 13: 306.  An abstract.

See:

  387

CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC  - TRACE ELEMENTS

  see TRACE ELEMENTS  and subdivisions
407
  Preto Parvis,  V.  GLICOGENO E OSSIFICAZIONE
    IN EMBRIONI  DI RATTO.   Arch. 1st. biochim.
    ital.,  1938, 10: 281-288.  pi.  12 refs.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1939, 33:
    21929.   in rat embryos histochemicaT-
    studies were made of the distribution of
    glycogen in  ossifying tissues.


408
  Rogers, H. J.   OBSERVATIONS ON THE ORGANIC
    MATRIX OF BONE.  Biochem. J., Lond., 1949,
    45- Proc , 24-25.  Abstracted in: Excerpta
    Sid., Sect.  2, 1950, 3: No. 5100.
See:
77
2390
80
2882
703
846
1293
CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC - CITRIC ACID
409
Beaulieu,  M.  M.  and Dallemagne, M. J.  LA
  CONSTANCE DU TAUX DES CITRATES DE L'OS.
  Arch,  internat.  physiol.,  Liege, 1951, 59:
  183-190.   13 refs.  Abstracted in:  Chem.
  Abstr.,  1953,  47: 2878i;  Ber. ges.  Physiol.
  1952-53,  151:  2"9"4.
CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC - VARIATIONS WITH AGE AND
  KINDS OF BONE
see CHEMISTRY
OF BONE
VARIATIONS WITH AGE AND KINDS
CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC

  see also CHEMISTRY; METABOLISM,  ORGANIC
401
  Dawson,  I. M.  X-RAY DIFFRACTION PATTERN OF
    BONE:  EVIDENCE OF REFLEXIONS DUE TO THE OR-
    GANIC  CONSTITUENT.  Nature, Lond., 1946,
    157: 660-661.  8 refs.  "A comparison was
    macfe of the diffractia patterns given by
    intact rachitic bone, trypsin digested bone
    and decalcified bone."

402
  Eastoe,  J. E. and Eastoe,  B.  THE ORGANIC
    CONSTITUENTS OF MAMMALIAN COMPACT BONE.
    Biochem. J., Lond., 1954, 57: 453-459.
    36 refs .

403
 ♦Hori, S., Nagao, T. and Niwa, K.  CYSTINE
    AND TRYPTOPHAN CONTENTS OF OSSEIN.  I.
    CYSTINE CONTENT.  Kagaku, 1944, 14: 255.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1950"7 44:
    10750°.


4 Inoue, T.  BEITRAGE ZUR KENNTNIS DER ORGANI-
    SCHEN  BESTANDTEILE DES KNOCHENS.  To'hoku
    J. Exp. M., 1935, 26: 433-440.  Abstracted
    in: Chem. Abstr., T9"35,  29: 80812; Nutrit.
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 1935-367 5: No. 2846.


405
  Ogino, T.  [HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE GLY-
    COGEN  CONTENT OF THE OSTEOCHONDRAL JUNCTION
    OF RAT RIBS]  Sei-i-kai M. J., 1941, 60:
    941-957.  pi.  English abstract, p. 7"""5.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1942, 36: 5402.


406
  Ohno, K. and Nanba, T.  EINFLUSS DER SUB-
    CUTANEN INJECTION DES OSSOPHYTS AUF DEN
    HEILUNGSVORGANG DER KNOCHENFRAKTUR.
    Kumamoto M. J., 1934, 10: 401-402.
410
  Beaulieu,  M.  M.  and Herve,  A.  RAYONS X ET
    ACIDE CITRIQUE DE L'OS.   Bull. Soc. chim.
    biol., Par.,  1953,  35:  491-493.  Abstracted
    in:  Chem. Abstr., 1934,  48: 755d.
411
 ♦Buffa,  P.   SULLA PRESENZA DI ACIDO CITRICO
    NELLE STRUTTURE ANIMALI CALCIFICATE.  Atti
    Accad. naz.  Lincei,  Rendic,  Class, sc. fis
    1952, 13:  417-421.  Abstracted in: Chem.
    Abstr.7~1953,  47:  5518d.
412
  Car,Hfr,.?. P-  LES CONSTITUANTS MINERAUX DES
    TISSUS CALCIFIES.  V. LES ANIONS ORGANIQUES
    DE L'OS.   Bull. Soc. chim. biol., Par
    1951,  33: 161-169.   8 refs.  The long bones
    of rabbits and rats of various ages and of
    sheep  embryos at different stages of de-
    velopment were analyzed for calcium, phos-
    phorus and nitrogen content and for citric
    and lactic acids.  It was found that car-
    tilage is rich in lactic acid and poor in
    citric acid and that the citric acid level
    in bone tissue is constant while that of
    lactic acid,  high in the early stages of
    ossification,  decreases constantly until it
    reaches the relatively constant level of
    definitive bone.
413
  CITRIC ACID IN BONE.  (Editorial).  J. Am.
    Ass., 1942, 120: 208.  2 refs.  A short
    survey with particular reference to
    Dickens'  work.
414
  Day, H. G.  THE RELATION OF PHYTIN TO THE
    CALCIFYING ACTION OF CITRATES.  J. Nutrit
    1940, 20: 157-168.  23 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1941, 15: No. 278.
    By determinations of bone ash of young rats
    it was shown that "a beneficial effect of
    citrates in ricketogenic diets does not oc-
    cur unless there is a high Ca:P ratio and
    appreciable quantities of phytin, or per-
    haps other phosphorus containing complexes
    of low biological availability." 
25
CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC - CITRIC ACID  (Con-
  tinued)

415
  Dickens, F.  THE CITRIC ACID CONTENT OF ANIMAL
    TISSUES, WITH REFERENCE TO ITS OCCURRENCE  IN
    BONE AND TUMOUR.  Biochem. J., Lond., 1941,
    35: 1011-1023.  30 refs.  Abstracted in:
    BTol. Abstr., Bait., 1942, 16: No. 12451;
    Chem. Abstr., 1942, 36: 4180*.  The citric
    acid content of solid-tissues of several
    species of animals was determined.  It was
    found that the hard substance of bone con-
    tains the greatest part  (70%) of the total
    body content.  The marrow and cartilage con-
    tain much less.  Variations in the concen-
    tration of citric acid in bone were reported,
    which would seem to indicate  that the skele-
    ton acts as a reservoir from  which citric
    acid can be mobilized.

416
  Dixon, T. F.  CITRIC ACID AND CALCIUM ME-
    TABOLISM.  J. Bone Surg., 1951, 33B: 268-
    271.  26 refs.  A short review.

417
  Dixon, T. F. and Perkins, H. R.  CITRIC ACID
    AND BONE METABOLISM.  Biochem. J., Lond.,
    1952, 52: 260-265.  22 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Chem. Abstr., 1953, 47: 732*; Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1953, 27: No.  9661. "it
    appears that all the parts of bone ex-
    amined have, by comparison with other
    tissues, e.g., kidney or liver, citroge-
    nase and aconitase activities much greater
    than those of isocitric dehydrogenase.  The
    mechanism for the production  of a local high
    concentration of citric acid  therefore
    exists in bone.  ...  Increasing concentra-
    tions of citrate inhibit the  calcification
    of hypertrophic rat cartilage in vitro."
418
  Fantl, P. and Rome, N.  CALCIUM AND CITRIC
    ACID METABOLISM IN BONE DISEASES.  Proc.
    R. Australas. Coll. Physicians, 1947, 2-
    52-55.  15 refs.
 419
   Hathaway, M.  L.  and Meyer, F. L.   CITRIC ACID
     AND ITS SALTS AS CALCIFYING AGENTS IN RATS.
     J. Nutrit.,  1939,  17:  419-427.   12 refs.
     Abstracted  in:  Chem.  Abstr.,  1939,  33:
     6398*-;  Biol.  Abstr.,  Bait., 1939,  137 No.
     10945.                             —
 420
   Hennig,  W.,  Schmahl,  N.  G. and Theopold,  W.
     UBER CALCIUM-CITRONENSAURE-KOMPLEXE.
     Biochem.  Zschr.,  1951,  321: 401-409.   29
     refs.   Abstracted  in:  Excerpta med.,  Sect.
     2, 1952,  5:  No.  1582;  Chem. Abstr.,  1951,
     45:  73021.
 421
   Klinke,  K.   PROBLEME  DES CALCIUMSTOFFWECHSELS
     UND DER RACHITIS.   Mschr.  Kinderh.,  1950,
     98:  113-115.   Abstracted in:  Chem.  Abstr.,
     T550,  44:  7399a.

 42Lecoq,  R.  ACTION DE  L'ACIDE CITRIQUE SUR LES
     DEUX VARliTES DE RACHITISME EXPERIMENTAL.
     C. rend.  Soc.  biol.,  1949,  143:  452-454.   6
     refs.   Abstracted  in:  Chem. Abstr.,  1950,
     44:  2611°;  Biol.  Abstr., Bait.,  1951,  25:
     No.  623.   Young white rats with two kinds
     of experimental rickets were treated  with
     citric  acid.   A distinct recalcification
     of bone lesions was observed in alkalotic
     rickets,  but in acidotic ultraviolet-
     resistant rickets  no effect was noted.

423
  Leonards,  J. R. and Free,  A.  H. THE CITRATE
    CONTENT OF THE  SKELETON  AS  INFLUENCED BY
    PROLONGED FEEDING OF ACID-PRODUCING AND
    BASE-PRODUCING  SALT.   J. Biol. Chem.,  1944,
    155-  503-506.   11 refs.  Abstracted in:
    BTol. Abstr., Bait., 1945,  19: No. 2403;
    Chem. Abstr., 1945, 39:  331*5*7 The citrate
    content of the skeleTon  was not altered by
    prolonged feeding of sodium citrate or
    ammonium fluid.
424
  Pin, P. and Delmas, A.  RESERVES MINERALES
    OSSEUSES DU FOETUS HUMAIN.  TENEUR EN
    CITRATES.  C. rend. Ass. anat., 1952,
    38.meet., No. 69, 822-824.  3 refs.  De-
    terminations were made of the distribution
    of bone citrates in the human fetus.  The
    relatively high content was greater in the
    diaphysis than in the epiphysis.

425
  Rominger, E.  CITRIC ACID AND RICKETS.  Acta
    paediat., Upps.,  1948, 36: 336-341.  14 refs,
    "Vitamin D and citric acTd prevent and cure
    rickets both probably by formation of Ca
    complex salts which no longer have cationic
    properties."
426
  Schubert, J.  AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE
    EFFECT OF ZIRCONIUM AND SODIUM CITRATE
    TREATMENT ON THE METABOLISM OF PLUTONIUM
    AND RADIOYTTRIUM.  J. Laborat. Clin. M.,
    1949, 34: 313-325.  8 refs.  Abstracted
    in: BioT. Abstr., Bait.,  1949, 23:  No.
    20673.

427
  Schubert, J. and White, M.  R.  EFFECT OF
    CITRATE SALTS AND OTHER CHEMICAL FACTORS ON
    THE DISTRIBUTION AND EXCRETION OF BERYLLIUM.
    J. Laborat. Clin. M., 1950, 35:  854-864.  20
    refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect.
    2, 1951, 4: No. 2183.

428
  Shohl,  A. T.  THE EFFECT OF THE ACID-BASE CON-
    TENT OF THE DIET UPON THE PRODUCTION AND
    CURE OF RICKETS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
    CITRATES.  J. Nutrit., 1937, 14:  69-83.  22
    refs.  Young albino rats  were-Ted diets of
    eight different calcium-phosphorus  ratios.
    Ammonium chloride-ammonium carbonate mix-
    tures added to non-rachitogenic diets
    rendered them rachitogenic.  Citric acid-
    sodium citrate mixtures added to rachito-
    genic diets rendered them non-rachitogenic,
    in certain conditions. Of the organic acids
    tested only the citrates  and tartrates were
    effective in rickets prevention.
429
  Steenbock, H. and Bellin, S. A.  VITAMIN D AND
    TISSUE CITRATE.  J. Biol. Chem., 1953, 205:
    985-991.  25 refs.  "The citrate contenTTof
    blood, bone, kidney, heart, and the small
    intestine of rats on normal or low-P rachito-
    genic rations was increased by physiological
    doses of vitamin D."  It appears that the in-
    crease in urinary citrate is a reflection of
    its increased accumulation in certain tis-
    sues ."

430
  TaUfel, K. and Krusen, F.  DIE CITRONENSXURE
    ALS KONSTITUIERENDER BAUSTEIN DER KNOCHEN
    UND ZAHNE.  Biochem. Zschr., 1952,  322:
    368-370.  6 refs.  Abstracted in:  BToT.
    Abstr., Bait., 1953, 27: No. 16397; Chem.
    Abstr., 1952, 46: 7196"5.

431
  Thunberg, T.  OCCURRENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF
    CITRIC ACID IN THE ANIMAL ORGANISM.  Physiol.
    Rev., 1953, 33: 1-12.  72 refs.  A general
    review.  For bone, see particularly p. 7.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1953,  47: 4987f,


  Thunberg, T.  SOME INFORMATION ON THE CITRIC
    ACID CONTENT OF BONE SUBSTANCE.  Acta
    physiol. scand., 1948, 15: 38-46.   18 refs.
    Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 2, 1948,
    1: No. 5008; Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1949, 23:
    No. 23096.  "The citrate content was higHest
    in compact bone and least in spongy bone. 
26
CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC - CITRIC ACID  (Con-
  tinued)
    Human bone contained 0.9 to 2 per cent per
    gram of dried fat-free substance; those of
    a bird (Larus ridibundus) 0.60 to 2.7 per
    cent; and the spines of cod, mackerel and
    herring, 2, 1.6 and 4.3 per cent respec-
    tively.  The bones of frogs that had been
    kept in the laboratory for a year contained
    only about 0.3 per cent." - Excerpta med.
See:
255	256	831	1813	2839
2864	2865	2866	2876	2951
CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC - COLLAGEN AND RETICULIN

  see COLLAGEN AND RETICULIN

CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC - ENZYMES

  see ENZYME RELATIONSHIPS and subdivisions

CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC - GLYCOPROTEINS AND MUCOPOLY-
  SACCHARIDES

  see GLYCOPROTEINS AND MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES


CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC - LIPOIDS
433
  Claassen, V., Vogels, R. J. and Wdstmann, B.
    S. J.  AN INDEPENDANT SYNTHESIS OF PHOS-
    PHOLIPIDS IN THE FEMUR AND TIBIA OF WHITE
    RATS.  Nature, Lond., 1952, 169: 191-192.
    3 refs.  Abstracted in: Nutrit.  Abstr.,
    Aberdeen, 1952, 22: No. 877.  Experiments
    performed in vivo in the rat and repro-
    duced in vitro with bone fragments from
    femur and tibia show that an independent
    synthesis of phospholipids takes place in
    bone marrow.

434
  Nagy, I., Savay, G. and Csillik, B.  A
    PORCSEJTEK LIPOIDTARTALMA ts A CSONTOSODAs
    KOZOTTI OSSZEFUGGESROL.  [CORRELATION BE-
    TWEEN THE LIPOID CONTENT OF CARTILAGE CELLS
    AND OSSIFICATION]  Kfserletes orvostud.,
    1951, 3: 267-270.  10 refs.  German trans-
    lation-^: Acta morph. hung., 1953, 3: 483-
    487.

435
  Nagy, I., Savay, G., Berek, L. and Csillik, B.
    VERANDERUNGEN DES FETTGEHALTES IN DEN KNORPEL-
    ZELLEN WAHREND DES EMBRYONALEN LEBENS.  Acta
    morph. hung., 1951, 1: 307-312.  12 refs.

436
  Newlin, H. E. and McCay, C. M.  THE RELATION
    BETWEEN THE BONE LIPIDS OF RABBITS AND THE
    DIET.  J. Biol. Chem., 1941, 140: Proc.
    97-98.  An abstract.

437
  Nicolosi, G. and Petrina, N.  REPERTI ISTO-
    CHIMICI LIPOIDEI NEL CALLO OSSEO SPERI-
    MENTALE.  Med. sper., Tor., 1948, 19: 265-
    288.  49 refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta
    med., Sect. 5, 1949, 2: No. 3410.

438
  Nordfeldt, S.  THE INFLUENCE OF PHOSPHORUS,
    CALCIUM AND VITAMIN D3 UPON THE FAT CONTENT
    OF THE SKELETON IN GROWING PIGS.  J.
    Nutrit., 1946, 31: 565-572.  13 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1946, 20:
    No. 16959; Chem. Abstr., 1946, 40: 51146.
439
  Zimmermann, G.  CSONTOK ZSfRTALANfTASA.   [EX-
    TRACTION OF FAT FROM BONES]  Allatorv.  lap.,
    1935, 58: 298-299.  7  refs.
CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC - VARIATIONS WITH AGE AND
  KINDS OF BONE

  see CHEMISTRY - VARIATIONS WITH AGE AND KINDS
  OF BONE

CHONDROGENESIS

440
  Baisset, A., Douste-Blazy,  L., Uont*struc
    P., Planel, H. and Virenque, J. J-"*1"*,™
    BUTION A L'ETUDE EXPERIMENTAL DE L'ACTION
    DES HORMONES SUR LA CROISSANCE DES OS
    LONGS.  Sem. h3p. , Paris, 1953, 29:  63-69.
    32 refs.  Abstracted in:  InternaTT Abstr
    Surg , 1953, 97-  286.  Experiments on male
    white rats indTcated that the development
    of the epiphyseal  cartilage is dependent
    upon a balance between the sex hormones
    and the anterior pituitary growth hormone.
    The article contains a review of the
    literature.
441
  Baume, L. J. and Becks, H.   THE TOPOGENESIS
    OF THE MANDIBULAR PERMANENT MOLARS;  A
    ROENTGENOGRAPHIC AND HISTOLOGIC STUDY IN
    RHESUS MACAQUE.  Oral Surg., 1953, 6: 850-
    868.  40 refs.  In this study of the man-
    dibles of a series of rhesus monkeys it was
    found that the ramus grows by chondrogene-
    sis and endochondral ossification at the
    condylar head, which processes in turn in-
    duce membranous bone formation chiefly at
    the posterior border.  Growth of the ramus
    is in a posterolateral direction.  The de-
    velopment of the germ is  controlled by the
    differential growth of the odontogenic
    epithelium at distinct areas.  The corre-
    lation in time of  the ramal and dental de-
    velopment is noted.  The  study is preceded
    by a review of the literature.
442
  Berezkina, L. F.  O VOZMOZHNOSTI INDUKTSII
    KHRIASHCHEOBRAZOVANIIA IN VITRO.  [POSSI-
    BILITY OF INDUCED FORMATION OF CARTILAGE
    IN VITRO]  Izv. Akad. nauk, Moskva,  ser.
    biol., 1943, No.  2, 67-73.  11 refs.  Eng-
    lish summary.  Small pieces of hatching
    chick retina were  added to pure cultures of
    fibrocites from chick embryo heart and cul-
    tivated for 28 days.  All elements except
    the pigment epithelium degenerated and an
    enhanced formation of fibres took place in
    the connective tissue.  There was no sign
    of formation of cartilage or bone.  Since
    there is an increased formation of fibres
    with the use of cartilage or fibrous con-
    nective tissue as well as with retina, it
    is concluded that neither retina nor carti-
    lage can induce cartilage formation in vitro
    in tissues not endowed with chondrogenic
    potency.
443
Borghese, E.  INDAGINE ISTOCHIMICHE SUI1 A
  "SFERULA ACIDOFILA" DELLE CELLULE CARTILA-
  GINEE IPERTROFICHE.  Boll. Soc.  ital  biol
sper.,  1953,  29:  292-293.   7 refs   Ah
stracted in:  C"b"em.  Abstr.,  1954,  48:  22
2212e.
444
See:
93
143
2660
  Clark, E. R. and Clark, E  L   MTrpr>Q™„T„
    SERVATIONS ON NEW FORMATION OF £X???^C °B_
    BONE IN THE LIVING MAMMAL   A» CARTAILAGE AND
    1942, 70: 167-200.  30 refs   id I Anat->
    Biol. I-5.tr.. Bait., Mwf'ie^'SSJ .^

445
  Dodds, G. S.  ROW FORMATION AND OTHER tv™*
    OF ARRANGEMENT OF CARTILAGE CELLS Jv'SSL
    CHONDRAL OSSIFICATION.  Anat  Rec   iIS
    46: 385-399.  2 pi.  Abstracted !n' So?'
    Abstr., Bait., 1931, 5: No. 25546.' These
    studies were made upon developing bones  of
    dog fetuses and young puppies but compari-
    sons were made constantly with material
    from cat, pig, and man. 
27
CHONDROGENESIS (Continued)
446
  Elliott, H. C.  STUDIES ON ARTICULAR CARTI-
    LAGE.  I. GROWTH MECHANISMS.  Am. J. Anat ,
    1936, 58: 127-145.  2 pi.  Approx. 25
    refs.  The study "deals primarily with the
    mechanism by which articular cartilage com-
    pensates for normal wear due to movement in
    the joint; as a necessary preliminary it
    also deals with growth in immature sub-
    jects - that is, developmental as distinct
    from maintenance growth."

447
  Fell, H. B.  CHONDROGENESIS IN CULTURES OF
    ENDOSTEUM.  Proc. R. Soc, Ser. B, Biol.
    Sc, Lond., 1933, 112: 417-427.  3 pi.  8
    refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1936, 10: No. 6939.

448
  GlUcksmann, A.  STUDIES ON BONE MECHANICS IN
    VITRO.  II. THE ROLE OF TENSION AND PRESSURE
    IN CHONDROGENESIS.  Anat. Rec, 1939, 73:
    39-54.  2 pi.  6 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1939, 13: No. 4387.
456
  Prader,  A.   DIE ENTWICKLUNG DER ZWISCHEN-
    WIRBELSCHEIBE BEIM MENSCHLICHEN KEIMLING.
    Acta anat.,  Basel, 1947,  3:  115-152.   24
    refs.   Abstracted in:  BioT.  Abstr., Bait.,
    1948,  22:  No. 18553.   The development of
    the intervertebral disk is studied in
    serial sections of the vertebral column of
    the human embryo, fetus and newborn infant.


  Preto Parvis,  V.  and Roncoroni, G.  CONTRIBU-
    T0  M0RF0L0GIC0  E  ISTOCHIMICO  ALLO  STUDIO
    DELLA  CONDROGENESI.  Atti. Soc.  ital.  anat.,
    Pavia,  1951,  13.meet.,  263-266.  In rats  of
    different  ages  morphological  and histo-
    chemical studies  were  made of the  processes
    of  chondrogenesis.

458
  Pritchard,  J.  J.   A CYTOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMI-
    CAL STUDY OF BONE AND CARTILAGE FORMATION  IN
    THE RAT.   J. Anat.,  Lond.,  1952, 86:  259-277.
    4 pi.   42 refs.  Abstracted in:  BTol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1953, 27:  No.  166601;  Brit. Abstr.,
    Sect.  All I,  19~53, p.  3.
449
  Gromtseva,  K. E.  GISTOLOGICKESKIE ISSLEDO-
    VANIIA KHRIASHCHA.  [HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF
    CARTILAGE]  Izv. Akad.  nauk. SSSR, ser.
    biol., Moskva, 1950, No. 4, 100-107.  6
    refs.   Changes in the cell elements of
    hyaline cartilage were  studied in man during
    embryonic and post-natal development.

450
  Ham, A.  W.   THE VARIABILITY OF THE PLANES OF
    CELL DIVISION IN THE CARTILAGE COLUMNS OF
    THE GROWING EPIPHYSEAL PLATE.  Anat. Rec,
    1931,  51: 125-133.  pi.  2 refs.  Abstracted
    in: BioT. Abstr., Bait., 1933, 7: No. 11927.
451
Krompecher, S.  DIE ENTSTEHUNGSBEDINGUNGEN DES
  FASERKNORPELS.  Anat. Anz.,  1938, 85: 229-
  236.
459
  Sensenig, E. C.  NOTE ON THE FORMATION OF CAR-
    TILAGE.  Anat. Rec, 1948, 100:  615-619.
    pi.  4 refs.  Abstracted in:  Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 1, 1949, 3: No. 589; Biol.  Abstr.,
    Bait., 1949, 23: No. 1143.

460
  Shands, A. R., Jr.  THE REGENERATION OF HYALINE
    CARTILAGE IN JOINTS; AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY.
    Arch. Surg., 1931, 22: 137-178.   25 refs.
46s
heehan, J. F.   A CYTOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE
 CARTILAGE CELLS OF DEVELOPING LONG BONES  OF
 THE RAT,  WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE GOLGI
 APARATUS, MITOCHONDRIA,  NEUTRAL-RED BODIES
 AND LIPID INCLUSIONS.  J.  Morph.,  1948, 82:
 151-199.   5 pi.  Approx.  65 refs.   Ab-
 stracted in:  Excerpta med., Sect.  1, 1949,
 3: No. 682.
452
  Mattick.  ZUR BIOLOGIE DES KNORPELS.  Anat.
    Anz., 1951, 98: Suppl., 78-85.   2 refs.
    Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,  Sect. 1, 1953,
    7: No. 2132.
453
Nasonov, N. V.  OBRAZOVANIE KHRIASHCHA IN VITRO
  Y AKSOLOTLIA.  [THE FORMATION OF CARTILAGE IN
  VITRO IN THE AXOLOTL]  C. rend. Acad, sc.
  SSSR, 1934, 3: 202-207.  3 refs.  In Russian
  and English.- Connective tissue from sides of
  anterior part of body of 1-year-old axolotl
  was placed in axolotl blood plasma and an
  extract of axolotl cartilages from tarsus
  and epiphyses from fibula, tibia and femur
  containing a substance called chondrogene was
  added.  Moving cells, surrounded by a more
  compact basic substance were observed from
  beginning of growth of cultures.  This sub-
  stance joined the cells and prevented them
  from spreading.  The basic substance became
  more compact and a tissue possessing char-
  acteristics of hyaline cartilage was formed.
454
 ♦Nauch, E. T.  VERSUCHE ZUR AUFKLARUNG DER
    ENSTEHUNGSBEDINGUNGEN FUR KNORPELGEWEBE.
    Verh. Anat. Ges., 1939, 47: 297-301.
462
  Terada, E.  A HISTOLOGIC STUDY OF THE CARTI-
    LAGE OF THE LOWER END OF HUMAN FEMUR IN
    EVERY FETAL STAGE.  Jap. J.  Obst.,  1934,  17:
    186-193.  2 pi.   18 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1936,  10: No.  4471.

463
  Wagenfeld, M.  UBER DIE NEUBILDUNG VON KNORPEL-
    ZELLEN.  Virchow's Arch.,  1952, 321:  535-536.
    3 refs.  Abstracted in:  Excerpta med.,  Sect.
    5, 1953, 6: No.  984.
See:

  492       1023      1085      1281       2416
CIRCULATORY INFLUENCE
464
  Amprino,  R.   QUELQUES DONEES SUR L'HISTO-
    PHYSIOLOGIE DU TISSU OSSEUX.   C.  rend. Ass,
    anat.,  1950,  37:  11-19.   A study  of the
    circulation of~the intra-osseous  fluids  in
    compact and spongy bone  and their passage
    through the cement substance.   The role  of
    the fluids in calcification is explained.
455
  Oinuma, S.  ZYTOLOGISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN DER
    HYALINKNORPELZELLEN DES MENSCHEN.  Okajimas
    fol. anat., 1939, 18: 307-336.  pi.  68
    refs.
465
  Anseroff,  N. J.  DIE ARTERIEN DER LANGEN
    KNOCHEN DES MENSCHEN.  Zschr. Anat. Entw.
    1934, 103: 793-812.  59 refs. 
28
CIRCULATORY INFLUENCE (Continued)
466
 ♦Anseroff,  N. J.  DIE ARTERIEN DES CHLUSSEL-
    BEINS.  Zschr. Anat. Entw., 1936, 106: 271-
    275.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,"Bait.,
    1937, 11: No. 14729.
467
  Anseroff, N. J.  DIE ARTERIEN DES SKELETS DER
    HAND UND DES FUSSES DES MENSCHEN.   Zschr.
    Anat. Entw., 1936, H)6: 193-208.  4 refs.

468
  Benassi, E.  LO SVILUPPO E TROFISMO  DELLO
    SCHELETRO DEGLI ARTI IN RAPPORTO ALLA
    ALLACCIATURA DEI VASI PRINCIPALI.   Arch.
    ital. chir., 1931, 28: 49-68.  10  refs.
    Abstracted in:  Biol. Abstr., 1932, 6:
    No. 17300.

469
  Benda, R. and Debray, C.  MODIFICATIONS LO-
    CALES CONSECUTIVES A DES INJECTIONS INTRA-
    MEDULLAIRES OSSEUSES DE SALICYLATE DE SOUDE
    EN SOLUTION CONCENTREE.  C. rend.  Soc.
    biol., 1939, 130: 141-143.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1941, 15: No. 4277.

470
  Bentzik, M. and Nagy, S.  CONTRIBUTION TO THE
    BLOOD SUPPLY OF TUBULAR BONES IN EXPERIMEN-
    TAL ANIMALS.  Acta morphol., Budap., 1951,
    1: 262.  The periosteal circulation of dogs,
    cats and rabbits was studied and found to  be
    supplied by strong branches of the main ar-
    tery of the extremity; the largest periosteal
    artery is a branch of the arteris  femoralis
    proximalis.  Ligature of the periosteal ar-
    tery induced hypoxemia in the bone marrow
    with resulting erythrocytosis in the medullar
    veins and peripheral circulation.
471
  Bich, A.   STUDIO SPERIMENTALE  SULL'INFLUENZA
    DELLA LEGATURA DEI  VASI  PROFONDI  SULLA  FOR-
    MAZIONE DEL CALLO.   Arch.  ital. chir.,  1931,
    30: 449-467.  36 refs.
472
  Blair, H. C.  THE ALTERNATION OF BLOOD SUPPLY
    AS A CAUSE FOR NORMAL CALCIFICATION OF BONE.
    Surg. Gyn. Obst., 1938, 67: 413-423.  26
    refs.  Abstracted in: Nutrit. Abstr.,  Aber-
    deen, 1938-39, 8: No. 4968.  "A theory that
    alternating iscEemia and hyperemia maintain
    normal calcification of bone and aid in the
    healing of fractures is presented."
476
473
BLOOD-FLOW IN BONE.   Lancet,  Lond.,  1947,  l:
  416.   Abstracted in:  Excerpta med    Sect-
  2,  1948, 1: No.  540.
474
Bruno, G.  IL TESSUTO OSSEO.   Rass.  clin.
  sc, 1950,  26:  8-11.   Translation  in:
  Resenha clin.  cient.,  S.  Paulo,  1951,  20;
  43-46.   Abstracted in:  Excerpta  med.,  Sect.
  1,  1951, 5:  No.  371.   From  a review  of the
  literature  and  discussion of the histology
  and physiology  of bone tissue, it  is con-
  cluded  that  the  constant  processes of  re-
  sorption and reconstruction of bone  lamellae
  and the Haversian systems are closely  re-
  lated to vascular modifications; bone  re-
  sistance to  stress is  in  direct  proportion
  to  bone mineralization.
475
Burdeaux, B. D., Jr. and Hutchison, W.  J
  ETIOLOGY OF TRAUMATIC OSTEOPOROSIS,  j"
  Bone Surg., 1953, 35A: 479-488.  17 refs.
  Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,  Sect. 9, 1954,
  8:  No.  612.
Cole Rous,  M.  CALCIFICATION, OSSIFICATION AND
  DECALCIFICATION.  Clin. Proc, Cape Town,
  1942, 1:  257-262.  50 refs.  "The view that
  bone formation depends entirely upon the
  specific  action of the osteoblasts can no
  longer be logically held in the light of
  evidence  which has accumulated.  There is
  general agreement amongst modern radiologists
  and pathologists that sclerosis of bone in-
  dicates a reduction,  and bone atrophy an in-
  crease, of blood supply."
477
Coolbaugh.  C. C.   EFFECTS OF REDUCED BLOOD
  SUPPLY ON BONE.   Am.  J. Physiol., 1952,
  169-  26-33.  10  refs.  Abstracted in:
  Excerpta  med.,  Sect.  9, 1953, 7: No. 8310
  A report  on the  changes in physical prop-
  erties of bone  produced by reduction in
  blood supply.
478
  Coppo, M.  STUDI SULLA COMPOSIZIONE MINERALE
    DELLE OSSA.  III. AZIONE DI PROCESSI SUP-
    PURATIVA DELLA STASI E DELLA NEURECTOMIA
    (RICERCHE SPERIMENTALI).  Pathologica,
    Genova, 1935, 27: 294-310.

479
  Coppo, M.  STUDI SULLA COMPOSIZIONE MINERALE
    DELLE OSSA.  IV. AZIONE DELL'IMMOBILIZZAZIONE
    E DELLA ISCHEMIA.  RICERCHE SPERIMENTALI.
    Fisiol. & med., Roma, 1935, 6:  249-258.  4
    refs.

480
  Del Bello, N.  IL BLOCCO NOVOCAINICO NEI SUOI
    EFFETTI, LOCALE ED A DISTANZA,  SUL PROCESSO
    DI GUARIGIONE DELLE FRATTURE SPERIMENTALI.
    Ricer. pat. sper., 1947, 35: 53-76.  73
    refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1950,
    44: 9551b.
481
De Lorimier, A. A.  REFLEX HYPEREMIC DEOSSI-
  FICATIONS.  Bull. Hosp. Joint Dis., N. Y. ,
  1951, 12: 22-37.  17 refs.  This type of
  deossiTTcation was found in 239 out of 350
  cases selected from cross-files identified
  as osteoporosis, infectious arthritis, frac-
  tures, amputations, transverse myelitis,
  peripheral nerve injuries, tabes dorsalis
  and various neoplasms.  Observations are
  discussed.
482
De Lorimier, A. A., Minear, W. L. and Boyd,
  H. B.  REFLEX HYPEREMIC DEOSSIFICATIONS
  REGIONAL TO JOINTS OF THE EXTREMITIES.
  Radiology, 1946, 46: 227-236.  27  refs.
  Discussion: p. 23B7
483
DeJ?^rneffe» R-  ^ PROPOS DE LA VASCULARIZA-
  TION DES OS LONGS.  Rev. chir. orthop  ,
  Par., 1952, 38: 64-69.  This description  of
  blood circulation in the long bones  stresses
  the importance of the special vein systems
  and notes the effects of faulty circulation.
  Suppression of the periosteal blood  supply
  alters the structure of compact diaphyseal
  bone; simultaneous suppression of the  medul-
  lary blood supply causes the lesions of
  osteitis fibrosa.
484
De Marneffe, R.  LES CONNAISSA~CES ACTUELLES
  DE LA VASCULARISATION DES OS ET LEUR  INCI-
  DENCE SUR LA PATHOLOGIE DE CE TISSU.  Rev
  rhumat., Par., 1953, 20: 113-119.  Ab-
  stracted in: Excerpta med., Sect.  1,  1954
  8- No  242.  "... A brief review of the
  vascularization of bone and the degree of
  participation of the medullary and perios-
  teal systems.  Emphasis is laid on the im_
  portance of  these anatomical facts in phy-
  siological conditions of blood circulation 
29
CIRCULATORY INFLUENCE  (Continued)

    in bone and in pathological conditions,
    such as: aseptic necrosis of the femur
    head, luxation of  the hip, delayed union
    of fractures, osteomyelitis, pseudo-
    arthrosis, callus  formation and osteo-
    chondritis.  This  importance is increased
    by the possibilities of modern vascular
    therapeutics."

485
  De Marneffe, R.  RECHERCHES MORPHOLOGIQUES ET
    EXPERIMENTALES SUR LA VASCULARISATION OS-
    SEUSE.  Acta chir.  belg., 1951, 50: 469-488-
    568-599 and 681-704.  7 pi.  lOlTefs.

486
  De Marneffe, R.  LES VAISSEAUX DES OS.  In-
    Lacroix, P.  L'OS  ET LES MECANISMES DE~SA
    FORMATION; ETUDE MORPHOLOGIQUE.  J. physiol  ,
    Par., 1951, 43: 394-399.  A summary of re-
    search done on the'vascularization of the
    long bones of the  rat, guinea pig and rab-
    bit with limited application to human
    anatomy.

487
  Dias-Amado, L.  L'IRRIGATION DE LA METAPHYSE
    ET DE LA DIAPHYSE  DES OS LONGS.  Arch.
    portug. sc biol.,  1950-1951, 10: Suppl.,
    99-101.                       —

488
  Dickinson, P. H.  VENOUS STASIS AND BONE
    GROWTH.  Exp. M. & S., Basel, 1953, 11: 49-
    53.  12 refs.  Venous stasis was produced
    surgically in puppies and studied with
    oscillometer and thermocouple readings,
    teleoroentgenograms and venograms.  Results
    indicated that venous stasis does not pro-
    duce increased bone growth.

489
  Ducuing, J., Marques, P., Baux, R., Pail16, J.
    and Voisin, R.  PHYSIOLOGIE DE LA CIRCULA-
    TION OSSEUSE.  J.  radiol. electr., 1951, 32:
    189-196.  17 refs.

490
  Fedorov, I. I.  DgR  DOMINANTE MECHANISMUS IN
    DER GENESE DER ANDERUNGEN DES KALZIUM- UND
    PHOSPHORSPIEGELS IM BLUT NACH EXPERIMENTELLEN
    KNOCHENFRAKTUREN.  Bull. biol. m€d. exp.
    URSS, 1940, 9: 376-379.

491
  Foster, L. N., Kelly, R. P., Jr. and Watts,
    W. M., Jr.  EXPERIMENTAL INFARCTION OF BONE
    AND BONE MARROW.   SEQUELAE OF SEVERANCE OF
    THE NUTRIENT ARTERY AND STRIPPING OF PERI-
    OSTEUM.  J. Bone Surg., 1951, 33A: 396-406.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1951,
    25: No. 28008.
492
  Giuliani, G. M.  L'INFLUENZA DELLA VASCOLARI-
    ZAZIONE NELL'OSTEOGENESI CONNETTIVALE E
    NELLA FORMAZIONE DI CARTILAGINE CONDROGENESI;
    RICERCHE EXPERIMENTALI.  Arch. ital. chir.,
    1934, 38: 645-686.  35 refs.
493
  Graziadei, P.  VARIAZIONI POLARIMETRICHE NEL
    SIERO DI SANGUE DEI FRATTURATI.  Sperimentale,
    1948-1949, 99: 332-335.


49Guerrisi, A.  SULL'INFLUENZA DELLA LEGATURA
    DEI VASI VENOSI NELLA RIGENERAZIONE OSSEA.
    Ann. ital. chir.,  1934, 13: 1388-1402.  19
    refs .

495
  Gukov, P. V.  0 DVIZHENII ZHIDKOSTI V PERI-
    VASKULIARNYKH I PERIKAPILLIARNYKH PROSTRANS-
    TVAKH KOSTI.  [MOVEMENT OF FLUID IN THE
    PERICAPILLARY AND PERIVASCULAR SPACES OF THE
    BONES]  Arch, sc.  biol., Moskva, 1936, 44:
    117-130.  40 refs.  English summary.
496
  Harris, H. A.  THE VASCULAR SUPPLY OF BONE,
    WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE EPIPHYSIAL
    CARTILAGE.  J. Anat., Lond., 1929-1930, 64:
    3-4.  2 pi.  2 refs.

497
  Hintzsche, E. and Schmid, M.  UNTERSUCHUNGEN
    AN STUTZGEWEBEN.  IV. WEITERE BEFUNDE UBER
    DIE GEFAsSKANALE IM KNORPEL.  NACH UNTER-
    SUCHUNGEN AM ARMSKELET MENSCHLICHER EMBRYO-
    NEN.  Zschr. mikr. anat. Forsch.,  1933, 32:
    1-41.  22 refs.
 498               ...
   Houang,  K.  LE ROLE DES ARTERES NOURRICIERES
     DES  OS LONGS DANS LA FORMATION DU CAL ET LA
     CALCIFICATION DE LA CAVITE MEDULLAIRE.
     Presse mgd., 1934, 42: 2074-2076.  11 refs.

 499
   Introzzi, A. S.  CONTRIBUCION AL ESTUDIO DE
     LA OSTEOSIS FIBROGEODICA DE dRIGEN PARA-
     TIRO IDEO.  CONSECUENCIAS DE LA HIPEREMIA
     SOBRE  LA ESTRUCTURA 6SEA EN LOS HIPERPARA-
     TIROIDEOS.  Sem. med., B. Air., 1934, 41:
     1641-1660.  21 refs.  Abstracted in: BTol.
     Abstr., Bait., 1936, 10: No. 15772.  In this
     study  of osteitis fibrosa cystica clinical
     and  experimental studies have been made of
     the  effect of hyperemia on bone structure in
     hyperparathyroidism.

 500
   Janes, J. M. and Elkins, E. C.  THE EFFECT OF
    A SURGICALLY INDUCED ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA
    ON BONE GROWTH;  REPORT OF A CASE.  Proc.
    Mayo Clin., 1952, 27:  335-337.   4 refs.
    Description of a mT3-femur operation on a
    6 year old girl with legs of unequal length,
    due  to early poliomyelitis.  Approximately
    one year after the operation the affected
    leg had grown 4.1cm and the other 3.5cm.
    However, "a great deal more observation *ill
    be necessary before the procedure outlined
     ... can be recommended ..."

 501
   Janes, J. M. and Musgrove, J. E.   EFFECT OF
    ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA ON GROWTH OF BONE.
    Proc. Mayo Clin., 1949, 24: 405-408.

 502
   Janes, J. M. and Musgrove, J. E.   EFFECT OF
    ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA ON GROWTH OF BONE.
    AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY.  Surg.  Clin.  N.
    America, 1950,  30:  1191-1200.   3 refs.
    Abstracted in:  BTol.  Abstr., Bait.,  1952,
    26:  No. 15265;  Excerpta med.,  Sect.  5,
    T551, 4:  No. 2971.

 503
   Kallius, H. U.  EXPERIMENTELLE. UNTERSUCHUNGEN
    UBER DIE LYMPHGEFXSSE DER ROHRENKNOCHEN.
    Beitr. klin. Chir., 1932, 155:  109-124.   2
    pi.  59 refs.  Abstracted in:  Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1934, 8:  No. 16551.

 504
   Key, J. A. and Walton,  F.  HEALING OF FRAC-
    TURES AND BONE DEFECTS AFTER VENOUS STASIS
    Arch. Surg., 1933,  27: 935-940.  3 refs.
505
  Kishikawa,  E.   [STUDIEN UBER EINIGE LOKALE
    REIZE, WELCHE DAS LXNGENWACHSTUM DES
    LANGROHRENKNOCHENS  STEIGERNl  Fukuoka
    acta med.,  1936,  29:  108-210.   16 pi.
    In Japanese with German Summary.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol.  Abstr., Bait., 1937,  11-
    No.  17086.                               —

506
 ♦Kistler, G.  H.  EFFECTS OF CIRCULATORY DIS-
    TURBANCES ON STRUCTURE AND HEALING OF BONE;
    INJURIES OF HEAD OF FEMUR IN YOUNG RABBITS.
    Arch. Surg., 1936,  33:  225-247. 
CIRCULATORY INFLUENCE  (Continued)
30
507
  Kistler,  G. H.   FORMATION OF BONE BY PERI-
    OSTEUM AFTER EXPERIMENTAL INFARCTION BY
    EMBOLISM OF FEMUR IN RABBITS.  Proc. Soc.
    Exp.  Biol., N. Y., 1934, 31:  1218-1220.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,  Bait., 1935,
    9:  No.  3087.

508
  Kistler,  G. H.   SEQUENCES OF EXPERIMENTAL
    INFARCTION OF THE FEMUR IN RABBITS.  Arch.
    Surg.,  1934,  29: 589-611.  43 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in:  BTol. Abstr., Bait., 1935, 9-
    No. 16086.

509
  Ko,  K.   [BLUTVERSORGUNG DER NORMALEN LANGEN
    ROHRENKNOCHEN]  J. Chosen M.  Ass., 1940, 30:
    No. 3,  339-349.  pi.  11 refs.   German sum-
    mary, p. 23.

510
  Ko,  K.   [UBER DEN HEILUNGS-MECHANISMUS DES
    KNOCHENBRUCHES UND DIE BRUCHHYPERXMIE BE I
    NORMALEN UND BEI SYMPATHEKTOMIERTEN HUNDEN]
    J.  Chosen M.  Ass., 1940, 30:  No. 3, 350-354.
    2 pi.  10 refs.  German summary, p. 23-24.
511
  Kopaczewski, W. and Pocoule, A.  LACTOGELIFI-
    CATION SF.RIQUE ET FORMATION DES CALS OSSEUX.
    C.  rend. Soc. biol., 1946, 140:  387-388.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.7~T947, 41:  4841d

512
 ♦Kos, J.  CEVNI ZASOBENI VELKYCN KOSTI HRUDNI
    KONCETINY.   [BLOOD SUPPLY TO LONG BONES OF
    THE UPPER EXTREMITIES]  Sborn.  lgk. Praha,
    1951,  53: 171-181.

513
  Krompecher, I.   A PRIMAER ANGIOGEN CSONTFEJ-
    LODES.   [THE PRIMARY ANGIOGENIC OSSIFICA-
    TION]  Magy.  orv. arch., 1934,  35: 418-425.
517
514
KUhne. H.  KUNSTLICHE ERWEICHUNG DES LEBENDEN
  KNOCHENS MIT AMMONIUMCHLORID;  WIRKUNG DES
  NH4CL AUF DIE ORGANE.   Beitr.  Klin. Chir.,
  1952, 184: 373-381.  26 refs.   Young dogs
  admini'sTered ammonium chloride showed in-
  creased serum calcium levels and  increased
  excretion of calcium in urine. A tourniquet
  applied 17 hours a day on different ex-
  tremities provoked a local effect on the
  bone, caused by the too acid blood supply
  beneath the tourniquet.  It was concluded
  that it is possible to soften the living
  bone by producing an artificial,  chronic
  serum acidosis with ammonium chloride.  A
  calcium poor diet during the experimental
  period increased the depletion of skeletal
  calcium reserves.  Significant changes  were
  also noted in the kidneys and  other organs.
  The literature is reviewed.
515
Lacroix, P.  LA DISPOSITION DU CANAL DE L'AR-
  TERE NOURRICIERE DANS LES OS LONGS.  Arch.
  biol., Par., 1948, 59: 391-403.  10 refs.
  Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 1, 1950,
  4J No. 1575; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1949, 23:
  No. 21336.
516
Laing, P. G. and Kent, P.  THE BLOOD SUPPLY
  OF THE FEMORAL SHAFT.  J. Bone Surg., 1953,
  35B: 462-466.  2 refs.  The literature is
  reviewed and details of the blood supply
  of the shaft of the femur in 17 children
  under 1 year of age and in 10 adults are
  given.  Findings indicated the variability
  of nutrient arteries; a considerable number
  of femora had only one main nutrient vessel
  supplying the shaft, and in most cases,  even
  no major artery entered the lower third of
  the shaft.  These findings are discussed
  with reference to the fate of the femoral
  shaft after fracture or operation.
  Lamas,  A.,  Dias-Amado,  L.  and Costa,  £ C  da
    LA CIRCULATION DU SANG DANS L'OS •   £esse
    med., 1946.  54: 862-863   An exp  imental
    study of  bioo-o" circulation in bone  and how
    it differs from that  in soft tissues   The
    construction of the walls of the bone ar
    teries is also described.


51McMaster, P. E. and Roome, N. W.  THE EFFECT
    OF SYMPATHECTOMY AND OF VENOUS STASIS ON
    BONE REPAIR.  AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY   J.
    Bone Surg.,  1934, 16: 365-371.  12  refs.
    Abstracted in: BioTT Abstr., Bait., iyj°,
    10: No. 889.

519                                     *■
  Marques, A. and Bru,  A.  CONTRIBUTION A
    L'ETUDE DE LA CIRCULATION OSSEUSE A L'AIDE
    D'ISOTOPES RADIOACTIFS.   J. beige,  radiol.,
    1952, 35: 370-372.
520
Montanari Reggiani,  M.  L'IMPORTANZA DEL FAT-
  TORE CIRCOLATORIO SULLA FORMAZIONE DEL CALLO
  OSSEO.  Arch. ital.  chir.,  1939,  56:  272-
  302.  Approx. 85 refs.
521
Orts Llorca.  F.  and Verge Brian,  F.  CONTRIBU-
  TION A L'ETUDE DES LYMPHATIQUES DU PERIOSTE
  DES OS LONGS DES MEMBRES.   C.  rend. Ass.
  anat., 1932, 27: 436-439.   7 refs.  Ab-
  stracted in: BTol. Abstr.,  Bait., 1935, 9:
  No. 5948.  The course of the periosteal
  lymphatics  of  the long bones of the ex-
  tremities of the human fetus and newborn
  infant were traced by the  Gerota injection
  me thod.
522
  Oshkaderov,  V.  I.   LIMFATICHESKIE PUTI TRUB-
    CHATYKH KOSTEI CHELOVEKA I DOMASHNIKH
    ZHIVOTNYKH.   [LYMPHATIC VESSELS OF LONG
    BONES IN MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS]
    Khirurgia, Moskva,  1949, 12:  No. 9, 49-54.
    Abstracted in: Excerpta mied*. ,  Sect. 1,
    1950, 4^ No.  1351.

523
  Payton,  C. G.   THE  POSITION OF THE NUTRIENT
    FORAMEN AND DIRECTION OF THE NUTRIENT CANAL
    IN  THE LONG BONES OF THE MADDER-FED PIG.   J.
    Anat., Lond.,  1934, 68:  500-510.  18 refs.
524
  Pearse, H.  E.,  Jr.  and Morton,  J. J.  THE  IN-
    FLUENCE  OF ALTERATIONS IN CIRCULATION ON THE
    REPAIR OF BONES.   J.  Bone Surg., 1931, 13:
    68-74.  5 refs.                         —
525
  Pearse, H.  E.,  Jr.  and Morton,  J. J.  THE
    STIMULATION OF BONE GROWTH BY VENOUS
    STASIS.   J.  Bone  Surg., 1930,  12: 97-111.
    31  refs.   Abstracted in: Biol."Abstr  ,
    Bait., 1931,  5:  No. 18461.  A review of
    the literature is followed by a descrip-
    tion of  experiments on dogs and the pre-
    sentation of  clinical cases in which good
    results  were  obtained.
526
  Pearse, H.  E.,  Jr.  and Morton, J. J.  VENOUS
    STASIS ACCELERATES BONE REPAIR.  Surgery,
    1937, 1:  106-112.

527
  Pinard, A.  STRUCTURE DES VAISSEAUX DE LA
    DIAPHYSE DES OS LONGS CHEZ LE FOETUS HU-
    MAIN.  Acta anat., Basel, 1952, 15: 188-
    216.  24 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr.,  Bait., 1953, 27: No. 1106; Ex-
    cerpta med.,  Sect. 1,"~T953, 7: No. 292.
    Histologic study of the structure and
    vessels of the diaphysis of the long
    bones of the human foetus. 
31
CIRCULATORY INFLUENCE (Continued)
528
  Reichel,  S.  M.  VASCULAR SYSTEM OF THE LONG
    BONES OF THE RAT.  Surgery, 1947, 22: 146-
    157.   11 refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta
    med., Sect. 1, 1948, 2: No. 1423.
537
Schumacher, S.  ZUR ANORDNUNG DER OLER GEFASS-
  KANALE IN DER DIAPHYSE LANGER ROHRENKNOCHEN
  DES MENSCHEN.  Zschr. mikr.  anat. Forsch.,
  1935, 38: 145-160.  9 refs.
529
538
Reme, H.  EXPERIMENTELLE STUDIEN UBER DEN
  KNOCHENUMBAU AUS VERSCHIEDENEN URSACHEN.
  Deut. Zschr. Chir., 1953, 257: 115-188.
  Abstracted in: Ber. ges. Pn"y"siol., 1943,
  133: 325.  60 refs.  In rabbits extensive
  investigations showed that areas of spon-
  taneous collateral bone degeneration and
  regeneration could be related to various
  distant causes.  These stimuli were ex-
  perimental hyperemia produced by nerve
  resection, growth and fracture.
530
Repciuc, E.  DIE GEFASSKANXLE DER PROXIMALEN
  KNORPELIGEN FEMUREPIPHYSE UND DEREN BEZIE-
  HUNGEN ZUR VERKNOCHERUNG.  II. BEZIEHUNGEN
  DER GEFASSKANALE ZUM KNORPEL.  Bull. Acad.
  roumain., 1944, 26: 511-518.  3 pi.  11
  refs.
531
Rieder, W. and Never, H.  DER KALKSTOFFWECHSEL
  DES ISOLIERTEN UBERLEBENDEN KNOCHENS BEI
  VENOSER DURCHBLUTUNG.  Klin. Wschr., 1932,
  11: 501-502.  6 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.
  5*6str., 1932, 26:4846; Nutrit. Abstr., Aber-
  deen, 1932-33, 2: No. 447.
Servelle,  [M.]  STASE VEINEUSE ET CROISSANCE
  OSSEUSE.   Bull. Acad,  med.,  Par., 1948, 132:
  471-474.   Abstracted in:  Excerpta med., Sect
  5, 1949,  2:  No. 1887.
539
  S6ze,  S.  de and Ryckewaert,  A.   CALCIFICATION,
    DECALCIFICATION ET CIRCULATION OSSEUSE;
    L'INFLUENCE DES YARIATIONS DU REGIME CIRCU-
    LATOIRE SUR LES ECHANGES CALCIQUES DE L'OS.
    Rev: rhumat., Par., 1945,  12:  269-285.
540
  Sobel,  A.  E.,  Rockenmacher,  M.  and  Kramer,  B.
    COMPOSITION  OF BONE IN RELATION TO BLOOD
    AND DIET.   J.  Biol. Chem.,  1945,  159:  159-
    171.   37 refs.  Abstracted in:  Biol. Abstr.,
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    1945, 39:  466T"".
541
 ♦Somogyi, E.  ADATOK A LAPOS CSONTOK ERRENDS-
    ZERENEK VIZSGALATAHOZ.   [VASCULAR SYSTEM OF
    FLAT BONES]  Kiserletes Orvostud.,  1951, 3:
    250-254.
532
  Rogers, W
542
         M. and Gladstone, H.  VASCULAR
FORAMINA AND ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF THE DISTAL
END OF THE FEMUR.  J. Bone Surg., 1950, 32A:
867-874.  7 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
Abstr., Bait., 1951, 25: No. 14004; Excerpta
med., Sect. 1, 1951, 5: No. 787.
533
  Rubaschewa, A. and Priwes, M. G.  BLUTVERSOR-
    GUNG DER LANGEN ROHRENKNOCHEN DES HUNDES.
    Zschr. Anat. Entw., 1932, 98: 361-374.  10
    refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1934, 8: No. 14448.

534
  Rubaschewa, A. and Priwes, M. G.  VASKULARISA-
    TION DER ROHRENKNOCHEN BEI AUTOTRANSPLANTATEN.
    Beitr. klin. Chir., 1932, 156: 299-312.  20
    refs.
535
Rutishauser, E., Majno, G. and Rouiller, C.
  L'HALASTASIE DU TISSU OSSEUX; ETUDE DES
  VARIATIONS MINERALES SECONDAIRES A UN TRAU-
  MATISME THERMIQUE.  Schewiz. Zschr. allg.
  Path., 1953, 16: 118-124.  8 refs.  Rabbit
  metatarsals were exposed to a temperature
  of 55° C. for 3 minutes and determinations
  made of the calcium, phosphorus and ash con-
  tent in the superficial and deep portions of
  the diaphyseal cortex.  Hypermineralization
  observed on the 6th day was followed by de-
  mineralization of the injured bone.  A dif-
  ference was noted in the calcium content of
  the inner and outer layers of the cortex
  which suggested a difference in the sub-
  periosteal and subendosteal blood supply.
  Corresponding modifications occurred in the
  collateral bone.
536
Sacerdote, G.  SULLE CONSEGUENZE DI INTER-
  RUZIONI CIRCOLATORIE E DI FRATTURE NELLE
  EPIFISI DI ANIMALI IN ACCRESCIMENTO.  Chir,
  org.  movim., 1931, 16: 291-305.  11 refs.
  Abstracted in:  Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1933,
  7: No.  1839.
Sousa Pereira.   A INFLUENCIA  DAS  PERTURBACOES
  DA VASCULARIZACXO SOBRE 0 CRESCIMENTO DOS
  OSSOS EM COMPRIMENTO;  ESTUDIO EXPERIMENTAL.
  Impr. med., Lisb.,  1936,  2:  225-232.   French
  translation in: Rev.  orthop., Par.,  1938,
  25: 140-154.   Abstracted  in:  Internat.
  XEstr.,  1938,  67: 378.   "Findings  in  this
  group of experiments  [with  rabbits]  would
  suggest: The  vascularity  of a bone must  be
  very markedly disturbed in  order to  modify
  endochondral  ossification and the  growth in
  length of bone. ...   It is  assumed that  the
  periosteum and the  perichondrium play an
  equal rdle along with the vascularity in
  the growth in length  of the bone*  -  Internat
  Abstr.
543
Teneff,  S.   EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON VASCULARI-
  ZATION OF BONY CALLUSES.   J.  Internat.  Coll,
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544
Trueta,  J.   THE INFLUENCE OF THE BLOOD SUPPLY
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545
 ♦Trueta.  J.   LA INFLUENCIA DE LA CIRCULACION
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    Sect.  1,  1951,  5: No. 630.

546
  Trueta,  J.   REGENERATION OF BONE AND CARTI-
    LAGE.   J. internat.  chir., Brux., 1953,  13:
    184-185.   Translations in German, SpanisE7
    French and Italian,  p. 185-193.  The impor-
    tance of  the blood supply in the regenera-
    tion of bone is discussed under the follow-
    ing headings: 1. Regeneration caused by
    trauma.  2. Regeneration caused by disease.
    3. Overgrowth caused by increasing the
    metaphyseal blood flow. 
32
CIRCULATORY INFLUENCE  (Continued)
547
  Trueta, J. and Harrison, M. H. M.  THE NORMAL
    VASCULAR ANATOMY OF THE FEMORAL HEAD IN ADULT
    MAN.  J. Bone Surg.,  1953, 35B: 442-461.  34
    refs.  Abstracted  in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1953, 27: No. 5918.   No evidence was found
    to support  the common belief that  circula-
    tion within the femoral head decreases
    quantitatively with advancing  age.


548
  Vereby, K.  DIE BLUTVERSORGUNG DES FEMUR-
    KOPFES.  Anat. Anz.,  1942, 93: 225-240.   10
    refs.  Abstracted  in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1946, 20: No. 829.
549
  Voss, H.  DAS MENGENVERHALTNIS VON BLUTRAUM
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    MENSCHLICHER ROHRENKNOCHEN.   Anat.  Anz.,
    1931, 72: 257-261.  2 refs.   Abstracted  in:
    Biol. X*Bstr., Bait., 1932, 6: No. 23349.
550
  Wagoner, G. and Pendergrass, E. P.  INTRINSIC
    CIRCULATION OF THE VERTEBRAL BODY WITH ROENT-
    GENOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS.  Am. J. Roentg.,
    1932, 27: 818-826.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1933, 7: No. 15933.
556
551
Zambelli, E. and Campi,  L.  LA DISTRIBUZIONE
  DEL FOSFORO MARCATO P32 DOPO BLOCCO DEL
  SISTEMA RETICOLO-ISTICOCITARIO; RICERCHE NEI
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See:
140
2318
715
1556
1915
2162
Clark, J. H.  A STUDY OF TENDONS, BOJJES, AND
  OTHER FORMS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE BY MEANS
  OF X-RAY DIFFRACTION PATTERNS.  Am  J.
  Physiol., 1931, 98: 328-337   12 refs   Ab
  stracted in: Chem7 Abstr., 1931, 25: 5683
  "X-ray diagrams of bones and teeth, by tne
  monochromatic pinhole method, show that in-
  organic crystals of apatite are Present in
  bone oriented so as to give fiber structure
  in longitudinal section.  There are also
  unoriented crystals present which are at-
  tributed to organic crystals of collagen,
  or ossein.  The possible importance of
  crystalline collagen in bones, as one of
  the physico-chemical factors involved in
  the process of bone formation, is discussed.
557
  Emiliani, P. and Bazzocchi,  G.  BLOCCAGGIO
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558
  Engstrbm, A., Engfeldt, B. and ZetterstrOm, R.
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    that collagen had the ability to orient
    mineral salts, particularly in the form of
    hydroxyapatites.  Rat tail tendon soaked in
    hydroxyapatite solutions -of different ionic
    strength indicated that collagen also had
    the ability to orient minerals in vitro.

559
  Filogamo, G.  PRECISAZIONI SULLA DISPOSI-
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    Studies made on sections of the diaphysis
    of different human bones.   It was found
    that the direction of the collagenous fi-
    bers generally vary only slightly and that
    the differences in direction are more ac-
    cented in the old than in the young indi-
    vidual .
COLLAGEN AND RETICULIN - BIBLIOGRAPHY
552
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554
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555
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560
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561
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                     Llory-Azan and Unna-
Tanzer-Livini methods the architecture of
the collagenous and elastic components of
the intra-articular fibrocartlla.ro., 4_ _Z
lation with age."
fibrocartilages
in re-
562
  Huber, L. and Rouiller,
    COLLAGENES DE L'OS.
                     ,§™™LES GRILLES
                     (Etude au microscope
ELECTRONIQUE).  Experientia, Basel  ian
7: 338-340.  12 refs.  This electromicro'
scopic study of bone collagen Indira+oH
that the fibrillary periodicity is con
stant at approximately 610A° and that bone
thickness varies.  Fibriliary collagen of
normal bone is not mineralized but is sur-
rounded by cement substance.  This embed-
ding probably occurs soon after formation
of the fibrils. 
COLLAGEN AND RETICULIN OF BONE AND CARTILAGE
  (Continued)
563
 ♦Kasavina, B. S. and Kuneeva, Z.I.  [A BIO-
    CHEMICAL STUDY OF THE CONTRACTILE PROTEINS
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    Doklady Akad. nauk SSSR, 1950, 71: 713-716.

564
  Lightfoot, L.  H. and Coolidge, T. B.  DISTRI-
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    15426.  The  tissues investigated were
    gastrocnemius muscle, fascia and femur.

565
  Martin, A. V.  W.  ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDIES
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    11 refs.  "Collagenous fibres from adult
    fowl bone, unlike those from mammalian ma-
    terial, remain undamaged when isolated for
    electron microscopy by ordinary histological
    decalcification methods followed by me-
    chanical fragmentation...  Bone collagen
    fibres thus  obtained are examined in the
    electron microscope and compared with un-
    treated and  'decalcified' collagenous
    fibres from  other sources."
Rev., 1953,
566
  METABOLISM OF COLLAGEN.  Nutrit,
    11: 82-84.  A short review.

567
  Neuberger, A. and Slack, H. G.  [B.]  THE ME-
    TABOLISM OF COLLAGEN FROM LIVER, BONE, SKIN
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    in: Chem. Abstr., 1953, 47: 3421h.  Rats of
    different ages, injected intraperitoneally
    with [-4-14C] glycine, were killed at varying
    intervals and determinations made of the
    radioactivity of the dinitrophenylglycine
    isolated from the hydrolisate of the tissues
    studied.  Though the results are not clear-
    cut, they suggest that even in adult rats,
    collagen fibers are continually but very
    slowly replaced, the turnover rates being
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    rats .

568
  Neuman, R. E.  THE AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF
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    24: 289-298.  49 refs.  "An almost complete
    amino acid analysis was made  of 4 gelatin,
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    Cattle bone was one of the sources for
    collagen.

569
  Neuman, R. E. and Logan, M. A.  THE DETERMINA-
    TION OF COLLAGEN AND ELASTIN  IN TISSUES.  J.
    Biol. Chem., 1950, 186: 549-556.  6 refs.
    "The collagen content of different tissues
    [including bone, tibia and femur 1 of the
    cow, pig, and rat, and of human, guinea
    pig, dog, and rat skin as determined by
    the present method is reported."

570                                   ___
  Perrone, J. C. and Slack, H. G. B.  THE
    METABOLISM OF COLLAGEN FROM SKIN, BONE AND
    LIVER IN THE NORMAL RAT.  Biochem. J.,
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572
  Rogers, H. J., Weidman, S. M. and Parkinson,
    A.  STUDIES ON THE SKELETAL TISSUES.  II.
    THE COLLAGEN CONTENT OF BONES FROM RABBITS,
    OXEN, AND HUMANS.  Biochem. J., Lond., 1952,
    50: 537-542.  16 refs.  "The organic matrix
    in the bones of rabbits, oxen and humans
    consists of from 90 to 96% collagen, or
    collagen-like proteins.  Variations in the
    amount of total nitrogen relative to calcium
    in bone's correspond to true differences in
    degree of calcification...  The degree of
    calcification of mid-femur samples of human
    bone increases with increasing age of the
    subject."

573
  SYMPOSIUM ON COLLAGEN.  Ann. Rheumat. Dis.,
    Lond., 1948-1949, 7: 33-38.  Discussion:
    p. 35-38.

574
 ♦Wurmbach, H.  MODELLVERSUCHE ZUR BILDUNG DER
    KOLLAGENFEINSTRUKTUR DES KNORPELS.  Zool.
    Jahrb., 1945, 69: 251-272.

See:
101 408 2381	120 962 2531	122 2201 2537	129 2339 2811	130 2380 2814
2815	2816	2817		
COLLAGEN AND RETICULIN OF TISSUES OTHER THAN
  BONE AND CARTILAGE

575
  Banfield, W. G.  THE SOLUBILITY AND SWELLING
    OF COLLAGEN IN DILUTE ACID WITH AGE VARIA-
    TIONS IN MAN.  Anat. Rec, 1952, 114:  157-
    171.  12 refs.  Abstracted in:  Biol. Abstr.
    Bait., 1954, 28: No. 16153.

576
  Bear, R. S.  THE STRUCTURE  OF COLLAGEN FI-
    BRILS.  Advance. Protein.  Chem.,  1952,  7:
    69-160.   219 refs.
577
  Bowes,  J. H. and Kenten, R. H.  THE AMINO-
    ACID  COMPOSITION AND TITRATION CURVE OF
    COLLAGEN.  Biochem. J., Lond.,  1948, 43:
    358-365.  Approx. 60 refs.
578
Bowes, J. H.  and Kenten,  R.  H.   THE EFFECT
  OF ALKALIS  ON COLLAGEN.  Biochem. J.,
  Lond., 1948,  43:  365-372.   25 refs.
  Sources of  coTTagen were ox-hide, sheep
  skin and calf skin.
579
  Bowes, J. H. and Kenten,  R. H.   SOME OBSER-
    VATIONS ON THE AMINO-ACID DISTRIBUTION OF
    COLLAGEN, ELASTIN AND RETICULAR TISSUE FROM
    DIFFERENT SOURCES.  Biochem.  J., Lond.,
    1949, 45: 281-285.  21  refs.

580
  Bresler, S. E., Finogenov.  P. A. and Frenkel',
    S. IA.  0 STROENII MAKROMOLEKULY PROKOLLAGENA,
    [THE STRUCTURE OF THE PROCOLLAGEN MACROMOLE-
    CULE]  Doklady Akad. nauk SSSR, 1950,  72:
    555-558.  8 refs.

581
  Crick, F. H. C.  A STRUCTURE FOR COLLAGEN.
    J. Chem. Phys., 1954, 22: 347-348.  5 refs.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Ab"str.,  1954, 48:
    7085a.
571
Randall, J. T., Fraser, R. D. B., Jackson,
  S. F., Martin, A. V. W. and North, A. C. T.
  ASPECTS OF COLLAGEN STRUCTURE.  Nature,
  Lond., 1952, 169: 1029-1033,  23 refs.  See
  particularly p. 1029-1030 for collagen
  fibres in skeletal tissues.  Abstracted
  in: Brit. Abstr., Sect. AIII, 1953, p. 181.
582
  Grassmann,
W.  ELECTRON OPTICAL AND CHEMICAL
STUDIES ON THE STRUCTURE OF COLLAGEN
THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS.
(Wolstenholme, G. E.  W. and Cameron,
eds.)  Boston, Little Brown, [1953?]
212.  Discussion: p.  210-212.  3 pi.
  IN:

M. P. ,
 p. 195-
 63 refs, 
34
COLLAGEN AND RETICULIN OF TISSUES OTHER THAN
  BONE AND CARTILAGE  (Continued)

583
 •Gross, J   EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL AND CHEMI-
    CAL CHANGES  IN CONNECTIVE TISSUE.  Ann. N.
    York Acad. Sc.,  1953, 56: 674-683.  Ab-
    stracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 1, 1954,
    8: No. 977.

584
  Gross, J.  IN  VITRO FIBROGENESIS OF COLLAGEN.
    Tr. Conf. Metab.  Interrelat., 1952, 4.Conf.,
    32-57.  Conference discussion: p. 47-57.
    25 refs.  Also published as Robert W. Lovett
    Memorial for the  Stpdy of Crippling Disease,
    No. 130.  Harvard Medical School.
585
 ♦Highberger, J. H., Gross, J. and Schmitt, F. 0.
    THE INTERACTION OF MUCOPROTEIN WITH SOLUBLE
    COLLAGEN; AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY.
    Proc Nat. Acad.  Sc. U. S., 1951, 37: 286-
    291.                              —
586
  Holmes, W.  RETICULIN AND ITS RELATION TO COL-
    LAGEN AND BASEMENT MEMBRANES.  Science
    Progr., Lond., 1953, 41: 116-122.
587
  Irving, E. A.  and Tomlin, S. G.  COLLAGEN,
    RETICULUM AND THEIR ARGYROPHILIC PROPER-
    TIES.  Proc. R. Soc, Ser. B, Biol. Sc.,
    Lond., 1954, 142: 113-125.  pi.  22 refs.
    "Silver-impregnated collagen with and with-
    out a hyaluronic  acid matrix has been ex-
    amined electron microscopically with re-
    sults which  clarify the nature of argyro-
    philia.  The final conclusion is that there
    is nothing to contradict the view that
    mature collagen consists of closely packed
    reticular fibres  in a modified medium."
588
  Jackson, D. S.   THE NATURE OF COLLAGEN-CHON-
    DROITIN SULPHATE  LINKAGES IN TENDON.  Bio-
    chem. J., Lond.,  1954, 56: 699-703.  17
    refs.

589
  Jackson, D. S. and Ball, J.  A SOLUBLE FORM
    OF RECONSTITUTED COLLAGEN.  Nature, Lond.,
    1953, 172: 1046.  3 refs.  "This suggests
    that cEondroitin  sulphate strengthens both
    the transverse and end-to-end linkages in
    this type of reconstituted collagen, and
    strengthens  the evidence previously pre-
    sented that  chondroitin sulphuric acid is
    concerned in stabilizing the structure of
    tendon."
590
  Kanagy, J. R.  CHEMISTRY OF COLLAGEN.  26p.
    Washington,  U.S.  Government Printing Of-
    fice, 1947.  (Circular of the National
    Bureau of Standards C458).  46 refs.  A
    general outline  of  the physical as well as
    the chemical properties of collagen, in-
    tended specifically for the use of in-
    dustrial chemists.
591
  Kaesberg, P. and Shurman, M. M.  FURTHER EVI-
    DENCE CONCERNING  THE PERIODIC STRUCTURE  IN
    COLLAGEN.  Biochim. biophys. acta, Amst.,
    1953, 11: 1-6.   12  refs.  Abstracted in:
    Brit  ATstr. M.  Sc. , 1954, p. 313.
592
 ♦Kulonen, E., Mathews, M. B. and Dorfman, A.
    STUDIES IN PROCOLLAGEN.  I. SOLUBILITY.
    Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1953, 84:
    424-428.  13 refs.
593
Little, K. and Kramer, H.  NATURE OF RETICU-
  LIN.  Nature, Lond., 1952, 170: 499.  The
  object of this histological survey was to
  differentiate between reticulin and colla-
  gen.  Results "indicate that reticulin,
  wherever it occurs, has a membranous struc-
  ture.  It consists of minute randomly
  oriented collagen-type fibrils embedded in
  a structureless matrix, which is probably
  a glucoprotein."
594
Lowry, 0. H.,  Gilligan, D.  R.  and Katersky,
  E. H.  THE  DETERMINATION OF  COLLAGEN AND
  ELASTIN IN  TISSUES,  WITH RESULTS OBTAINED
  IN VARIOUS  NORMAL TISSUES FROM DIFFERENT
  SPECIES.   J. Biol. Chem., 1941, 139:  7»b-
  804.  6 refs.
595
  Neuman, R. E.  and Tytell,  A.  A.   ACTION OF
    PROTEOLYTIC  ENZYMES ON COLLAGEN.   Proc.
    Soc.  Exp. Biol.,  N. Y.,  1950,  73:  409-412.
    8 refs.

596
 ♦ Neurath,  H. and Bailey,  K. C,  eds.   PROTEINS:
    CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND METHODS.
    2v.  New York,  The Academic Press, 1953-
    See particularly: Structure proteins I:  v.2,
    pt. B.   This part of volume two is now in
    press.
597
  Opie, E.  L.  and Rothbard,  M.  B.   WATER EX-
    CHANGE  OF COLLAGENOUS TISSUE AND OF GELA-
    TIN.  J.  Exp. M.,  1953,  97: 499-503.  10
    refs.   The water intake  of"  collagenous
    tissue  (corium of  the skin, tendon and
    tendinous fascia of muscles) and of gela-
    tin is  similar, occurring in solutions of
    sodium  chloride of sucrose  and increasing
    as their  density is increased.  Dense col-
    lagenous  tissue has a marked tendency to
    attract water and  to hold it.
598
  Oriekhovitch,  V.  N.   LES PROQOLLAGENES,  COM-
    POSITION CHIMIQUE.   PROPRIETES ET ROLE
    BIOLOGIQUE.   C. rend.  Internat. Congr.
    Biochim., 1952, 2.Congr.,  [Fasc]2,  p. 62.
    Abstract of  a paper presented at the Sym-
    posium sur la biog€ndse des protSines.

599
 ♦Oriekhovitch,  V.  N.   LES PROCOLLAGENES,  LEUR
    STRUCTURE CHIMIQUE  ET  LEUR ROLE BIOLOGIQUE,
    Internat. Congr. Biochem., Paris,  1952,  2:
    106.
600
Pauling, L.  and Corey,  R.  B.   THE STRUCTURE OF
  FIBROUS PROTEINS OF THE  COLLAGEN-GELATIN
  GROUP.  Proc. Nat.  Acad. Sc.  U. S.,  1951,
  37:  272-281.   9 refs.
601
Policard, A.  SUR LES STADES INFRAMICROSCOPI-
  QUES DU DEVELOPPEMENT DES FIBRES CONJUNC-
  TIVES.  Bull, micr.  appl.,  Par., 1952  2*
  137-147.  26 refs.  "Critical review on"
  the inframicroscopic processes of col-
  lagenous fibrillogenesis, first separately
  considered, then in reference to the con-
  nective tissue.  Intervening factors in
  the formation and arrangement of fibrillae
602
Ramachandran,  G.  N.  and Kartha,  G.   STRUCTURE
  OF COLLAGEN.  Nature, Lond.,  1954  174.  269_
  270.   5 refs.                     '  ---'
603
Randall,  J.  T.  and Jackson,  S.  F.,  eds   NATIIRT?
  AND STRUCTURE OF COLLAGEN; PAPERS PRESENTS
  FOR A DISCUSSION CONVENED BY THE COLLOID AND
  BIOPHYSICS COMMITTEE OF THE FARADAY SOCIETY
  AT KING'S COLLEGE,  LONDON, ON 26 AND 27 MARCH
  1953.  269p.   New York, Academic Press  lQvT
  Bibliography: p. 253-264.             ' i~"°-J-
604
Randall,  J.  T.,  Fraser, R.  d. b. and North
  A. C. T.  THE STRUCTURE OF COLLAGEN.  Proc
  R. Soc, Ser.  B, Biol. Sc.  , Lond  , 1953,
  141: 62-66.  6 refs. 
35
COLLAGEN AND RETICULIN OF TISSUES OTHER THAN
  BONE AND CARTILAGE  (Continued)

605
  Sacerdote De Lustig, E. and Mancini, R. E
    ACCION DE LA DESOXICORTICOSTERONA Y CORTISONA
    SOBRE LA FIBRILOGENESIS EN CULTIVOS DE FIBRO-
    BLASTOS.  Rev. Soc. argent, biol., 1951, 27:
    149-156.  17 refs.  Abstracted in: ExcerpTa
    med., Sect. 1, 1953, 7: No. 1753.
606
  Schmitt, F. 0., Hall, C. E. and Jakus, M  A
    ELECTRON MICROSCOPE INVESTIGATIONS OF THE
    STRUCTURE OF COLLAGEN.  J. Cell  Physiol
    1942, 20: 11-33.  3 pi.  24 refs.
607
 ♦Seki, M.  MOLEKULARHISTOLOGISCHE STUDIEN OBER
    DIE ELEMENTAR- UND MIKROFIBRILLEN DES KOL-
    LAGEN MIT BESONDERER BERUCKSICHTIGUNG DER
    DIPOLRICHTWIRKUNG BEI IHRER NEUBILDUNG UND
    ENTWICKLUNG. Arch, histol. japonicum,
    Okayama, 1952, 3: 465-476.  Abstracted in:
    Excerpta med., Sect. 1, 1953, 7: No. 902.

608
  Stack, M. V.  ESTIMATION OF COLLAGEN  IN HARD
    TISSUES.  Nature, Lond., 1950, 166-  1080-
    1081.  8 refs.                 ---

609-

  Vanamee, P. and Porter, K. R.  OBSERVATIONS ON
    SOLVATION AND RECONSTITUTION OF COLLAGEN.
    Fed. Proc,  Bait., 1951, 10: 263.  An ab-
    stract .

610
  Wolpers, C.  DIE QUERSTREIFUNG DER KOLLAGENEN
    BINDEGEWEBSFIBRILLE.  Virchows Arch., 1944,
    312: 292-302.  22 refs.
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND SURFACE ACTIVITY
611
  Armstrong, W. D.  COMPOSITION AND CRYSTAL
    STRUCTURE OF THE BONE SALT.  Tr.  Conf.
    Metab. Interrelat., 1950, 2.meet., 11-31.
    35 refs.  A review of the main theories of
    the constitution of bone salt with comments
    on the work of Dallemagne and of  Cartier.

611a
  Barraud, J.  BIOCRISTALLOGRAPHIE DE L'OS ET
    DE L'OSSIFICATION.  Bull. Soc. fr. Mineral.
    Cristallogr., 1954, 77: 786-796.   Bib-
    liographie: p. 795-79~6~.
612
  Barraud, J. and Cartier, .P. ..ETUDE RADIOCRIS-
    TALLOGRAPHIQUE DE LA DEMINERALIZATION DE
    L'OS.  C. rend. Acad, sc, 1951, 232: 417-
    419.  4 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,
    1951, 45: 6272d.  Samples of powdered bone,
    defatted" and dried at 37° C. were deminer-
    alized in a solution of lactic acid at pH
    3.5 or in a solution of hydrochloric acid
    and the process of demineralization studied
    In slow demineralization the bone reacted
    like a mixture of alpha tricalcium phos-
    phate and calcium carbonate and not like an
    apatite;  in rapid demineralization bone re-
    action was similar to that of the calcium
    phosphate-calcium carbonate mixture and to
    that of synthetic apatite as well.
613
  Brandenberger,  E. and Schinz, H. R.  DIE
    NATUR DER ANORGANISCHEN KNOCHENSUBSTANZ.
    Experientia,  Basel, 1948, 4: 59-60.  8
    refs.  Abstracted in:  NutrTt.  Abstr.,
    Aberdeen, 1948-49, 18: No. 727; Excerpta
    med., Sect. 2, 1948, 1.: No. 5007.
614
  Brandenberger, E. and Schinz. H. R.  OBER DIE
    NATUR DER VERKALKUNG BEI MENSCH UND TIER UND
    DAS VERHALTEN DER ANORGANISCHEN KNOCHENSUB-
    STANZ IM FALLE DER HAUPTSACHLICHEN MENSCH-
    LICHEN KNOCHENKRANKHEITEN.  Helvet. med.
    acta, Ser. A, 1945, 12: Suppl. 16.  63p.
    Approx. 130 refs.
615
  Bredig, M. A.  ZUR APATITSTRUKTUR DER ANOR-
    GANISCHEN KNOCHEN- UND ZAHNSUBSTANZ.  Zschr.
    physiol. Chem.,  1933, 216: 239-243.  13
    refs.  Abstracted in: Nutrit.  Abstr., Aber-
    deen, 1933-34,  3: No. 1858;  Chem. Abstr.,
    1933, 27: 3243.
616
  Caglioti, V.  SULLA STRUTTURA DELLE OSSA.
    Atti Congr. naz. chim., 5.meet., (1935)
    1936, 320-330.  Abstracted in:  Chem.
    Abstr., 1937, 31: 39724.
617
  Clark, G. L. and Mrgudich, J. N.  AN X-RAY
    DIFFRACTION STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF RACHITIS
    UPON THE STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BONE.
    Am. J. Physiol., 1934, 1J)8: 74-79.  10 refs.
    Diffraction patterns show that in the humer-
    us of the normal rat, the orientation of the
    inorganic crystals of bone is lengthwise
    along the bone, while in the rachitic rat
    this orientation disappears as a result of
    the breakdown of the organic cement (col-
    lagen) which holds the inorganic crystals in
    normal position.


618
  Clark, S. M. and I ball, J.  ORIENTATION OF
    APATITE CRYSTALS IN BONE.  Nature, Lond.,
    1954, 174: 399-400.  6 refs.
619
  Dallemagne, M. J. and Brasseur, H.  LA COMPO-
    SITION ET LA CONSTITUTION DE LA SUBSTANCE
    MINERALE OSSEUSE.  L'ETUDE DE LA SUBSTANCE
    MINERALE PAR LA MfiTHODE DE DIFFRACTION DES
    RAYONS X.  Acta biol. belg., 1942, 2: 440-
    444.  5 refs.  X-ray diffraction studies
    indicated that the mineral substance of
    bone is mainly alpha tricalcium phosphate
    with the crystallographic properties of an
    apatite and that calcination causes the
    alpha tricalcium phosphate and the calcium
    carbonate of bone to combine in a carbonate
    apatite molecule.  These studies confirm
    the results of chemical research previously
    described.

620
  Dallemagne, M. J. and M61on, J.  LA CALCIFICA-
    TION^DES LAMELLES OSSEUSES CONSTITUTIVES DU
    SYSTEME HAVERSIEN. .Arch, biol., Par., 1945,
    56: 243-259.  7 refs.  Further studies in
    polarized light of cross sections of the
    Haversian systems demonstrated that the
    light and dark areas observed in the sur-
    rounding lamellae were due to differences in
    crystallite arrangement rather than to dif-
    ferences in the degree of calcification.

621
  Engstrom,  A. and Finean,  J. B.  LOW-ANGLE
    X-RAY DIFFRACTION OF BONE.  Nature, Lond.,
    1953,  171: 564.  3 refs.  A study to de-
    termine  the arrangement and dimensions of
    the hydroxylapatite crystallites in bone.
    Several  orders of a fundamental spacing of
    about 660A were obtained, the width gave
    an approximate diameter of 60-80A.  The
    long dimension was estimated to be about
    3 times  the width. 
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND SURFACE ACTIVITY  (Con-
  tinued)
36
622
  Falkenheim, M., Neuman, W. F. and Hodge, H. C,
    PHOSPHATE EXCHANGE AS THE MECHANISM FOR AD-
    SORPTION OF THE RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE BY THE
    CALCIFIED TISSUES.  J. Biol. Chem., 1947,
    169: 713-722.  14 refs.  Abstracted in:
    CHem. Abstr., 1947, 41: 7478*; Nutrit.
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 194*7-48, 17: No. 4756.
    "The adsorption of P32 in vitro by powdered
    bone, dentine, enamel and synthetic hydroxy-
    apatite from aqueous phosphate solutions at
    different concentrations was measured.  It
    is maintained that an exchange of P atoms
    occurs in which nearly one-fifth of the P
    atoms of the solid may be involved, and it
    is suggested that the adsorption occurs on
    the surface of the ultramicroscopic crystals
    of hydroxyapatite." - Nutrit. Abstr.
623
Falkenheim, M.,  Underwood,  E. E.  and Hodee
  H. C.  CALCIUM EXCHANGE:  THE MECHANISM OF
  ADSORPTION BY BONE OF CA45   j  %iol
  Chem.,  1951, 188:  805-817.  17*refs "  Ab-
  stracted in: BTol. Abstr., Bait.,  1951,
  25: No. 20648;  Nuclear Sc Abstr.,  1951
  5: No.  5553.
624
  Gassmann, T.  DER KRISTALLAUFBAU DER KNOCHEN
    UND DER ZAHNE UND SEINE BEZIEHUNGEN ZUR
    RACHITIS UND ZUR ZAHNKARIES.  24p.  Bern,
    K.  J. Wyss,  1937.
625
  Henschen,  C,  gtraumann, R. and Bucher,  R.
    ERGEBNISSE RONTGENSPEKTROGRAPHISCHER
    UNTERSUCHUNGEN AM KNOCHEN.  I. MITTEILUNG:
    KRYSTALLITBAN DES ANORGANISCHEN UND DES
    ORGANISCHEN KNOCHENS.   Deut.  Zschr. Chir.,
    1932,  236: 485-514.  36 refs.
626
   Hirschman, A.,  Sobel,  A.  E.  and  Fankuchen,  I.
     EFFECT OF  DIET ON THE  STRUCTURE  OF  THE  IN-
     ORGANIC CRYSTALLITES OF BONE.  Anat Rec,
     1948,  100:  675.

 627
   Hirschman, A.,  Sobel,  A.  E., Kramer,  B. and
     Fankuchen,  I.  AN X-RAY DIFFRACTION STUDY
     OF HIGH PHOSPHATE BONES.   J. Biol.  Chem.,
     1947,  171:  285-291.  3  pi.  17 refs.  Ab-
     stracted in:  Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1948,
     22: No. 20273; Chem. Abstr., 1948,  42:
     SOOS1.  "it  is  concluded  that CaHP04~is
     present in  the high  phosphate bones
     either  adsorbed on the  surface of the
     apatite crystallites or  as an integral
     part of the apatite  lattice, but not as
     an individual  crystalline  entity."

628
   Hodge, H. C.  and McKay,  J. H.  THE AVERAGE
     MICROHARDNESS  OF  APATITE.  J. Dent.  Res.,
     1937,  16:  453-461.   4  refs.

 629
   Hodge, H. C, Van Huysen, G., Bonner,  J. F.
     and Van Voorhis,  S.  N.   THE ADSORPTION OF
     PHOSPHATES AT FORTY  DEGREES BY ENAMEL,
     DENTIN, BONE AND  HYDROXYAPATITE AS  SHOWN
     BY THE  RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE.  J. Biol.
     Chem.,  1941,  138: 451-457.  12 refs.  Ab-
     stracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1941, 35:
     36942;  Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1941 ,~J5: No.
     14890.

630
  Hutchinson,  G. E.   MARGINALIA.  Am. Scientist,
     1947,  35:  117 passim.  Bones and teeth: p.
     136,  13*8",  140 and 141.   A brief account of
    Dallemagne and Melon's work on the  molecular
    structure of bone and teeth.
631
 ♦Melon,  J. and Dallemagne,  M. J.  RES"f?V?T^
    RELATIVES A LA FORMATION ET A ^ STABILITE
    DE LA BRUSHITE; SON ROLE DANS L'°SSIF;£*-
    TION.  Bull. Soc. chim.  belg., 1947,  Ell
    180-207.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,  i»«o,
    42:  1837h.
632
Neuman, W.  F.  BONE AS A PROBLEM IN SURFACE
  CHEMISTRY   Tr  Conf. Metab.  Interrelat.,
  1950, 2.meet., 32-72.  31 refs.   This pa-
  per is based on work performed under con-
  tract with the United States  Atomic Energy
  Commission at the University  of  Rochester
  Atomic Energy Project, Rochester, N. Y.
  Four chemical properties directly related
  to the surfaces of bone mineral  are demon-
  strated:  isoionic and heteroionic exchange,
  recrystallization and lattice growth.  A
  discussion follows the address.
633
Neuman, W.  F.  COLLECTED STUDIES ON HYDROXYL
  APATITE.   34p.   University of Rochester
  Atomic Energy Project, Rochester, N.  Y.,
  1953.  (UR-238).  Abstracted in:  Nuclear
  Sc. Abstr., 1953,  7:  No.  5495.
634
Neuman,  W.  F.  and Mulryan,  B.  J.   THE EFFECT
  OF AGE ON RECRYSTALLIZATION OF  BONE MINERAL,
  lOp.   University of Rochester Atomic Energy
  Project,  Rochester, N.  Y.,  1952.   (UR-193)
  7 refs.  Abstracted in:  Nuclear Sc. Abstr.,
  1952,  6:  No.  3205.
635
  Neuman, W. F. and Mulryan, B. J.  THE SURFACE
    CHEMISTRY OF BONE.  IV. FURTHER DATA ON RE-
    CRYSTALLIZATION.  J. Biol. Chem., 1951,
    193: 237-241.  8 refs.  "The interaction
    between powdered bone and radiophosphate
    buffer was reinvestigated.  The slow incor-
    poration of labeled phosphate by the bone
    mineral was found to require the presence
    of an aqueous phase.  Apparently this slow
    reaction represents primarily a recrystal-
    lization process, rather than a simple dif-
    fusion of phosphate ion through the crystal
    lattice."

636
  Neuman, W. F. and Mulryan, B. J.  THE SURFACE
    CHEMISTRY OF BONE.  VI. RECRYSTALLIZATION
    IN VIVO.  J. Biol. Chem., 1952, 195: 843-
    848 .  15 refs.   "Young rats were-given
    radiophosphate intraperitoneally.  At vary-
    ing time intervals thereafter, the femurs
    were removed, defatted, and ground.  The
    powdered bone specimens were shaken with
    inert phosphate buffer.  With increasing
    time after injection, less radiophosphate
    was desorbable.  This was interpreted to
    mean a greater incorporation of radiophos-
    phate within the mineral crystals of bone
    These data support the hypothesis that the
    recrystallization of bone mineral occurs in
    vivo."

637
  Neuman, W. F. and Weikel, J  H   Jr   thit
    RECRYSTALLIZATION OF BONE MINERAL*  24n
    University of Rochester Atomic Enerev
    Project, Rochester, N. Y., 1954   (|jR 314^
    19 refs.  Abstracted in: Nuclear Sc  Xhl+l
    1954, 8: No. 2319.                 ' At>str-.
638
 ♦Quartaroli, A. and Fontanelli, G   [THE CHEMI-
    CAL STRUCTURE OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE AND  OF
    CALCIUM CARBONATE IN PHOSPHORITES AND BONES]
    Ann. fac agrar. univ. Pisa, 1942,  5: 416-
    435.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr    T947  41:
    2520e.                                  ' — 
37
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND SURFACE ACTIVITY  (Con-
  tinued)
639
  Reed,  C.  I. and Reed, B. P.  AN ATTEMPTED COR-
    RELATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BONE
    WITH ANTIRACHITIC HEALING AND WITH MOLECULAR
    STRUCTURE AS DETERMINED BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION
    TECHNIQUE.  Am. J. Physiol., 1942, 138: 34-
    41.   Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 19"4"3", 37:
    14547;  Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1943, 17: No.
    13450.

640
  Reed,  C.  I., Reed, B. P. and Gardner, W. U.
    THE INFLUENCE OF ESTROGENS ON THE CRYSTAL
    STRUCTURE OF BONE AS REVEALED BY X-RAY
    DIFFRACTION STUDIES ON THE FEMORA OF MICE.
    Endocrinology, 1946, 38: 238-244.  4 refs.
    "Examination of the femora of healthy mice
    by x-ray diffraction technique shows that
    the cortices are composed of crytals of
    apatite oriented in patterns identical with
    those previously found for rats.  Mice with
    pellets of estrone implanted subcutaneously
    showed a disorientation of the apatite cry-
    stals in the femoral cortices and in the
    progressive deposition of a disoriented
    mixture of calcium carbonate with variable
    amounts of apatite."

641
  Reynolds, L., Hayden, H. S. and Corrigan, K. E.
    DIFFRACTION STUDIES ON HUMAN BONE.  PRELIMI-
    NARY REPORT.  Am. J. Roentg., 1938, 39: 286-
    287.  3 refs.  "Diffraction patterns of bone
    from Paget's disease and normal bone show  an
    apatite structure.  Diffraction patterns of
    bone from  a case of hyperparathyroidism show
    a structure different from apatite."
648
  Weikel, J. H., Jr.  IONIC EXCHANGE AND RE-
    CRYSTALLIZATION OF BONE MINERAL IN VITRO.
    Fed. Proc, Bait., 1954, 13: 317.  An ab-
    stract.
649
  Weikel, J. H., Jr., Neuman, W. F. and Feldman,
    I.  THE SURFACE CHEMISTRY OF BONE.  VIII.
    ON THE MECHANISM OF IONIC EXCHANGE.  28p.
    University of Rochester Atomic Energy Pro-
    ject, Rochester, N. Y., 1954.  (UR-326)  21
    refs.  Abstracted in:  Nuclear Sc. Abstr.,
    1954, 8: No. 3663.
650
  Wood, N. V., Jr.  SPECIFIC SURFACES OF BONE,
    APATITE, ENAMEL AND DENTINE.  Science, 1947,
    105: 531-532.  4 refs.  Abstracted in: Ex-
    cerpta med., Sect. 1,  1948, 2:  No. 764.
    "The specific surface (square metres per
    gram) of apatite prepared by the authors,
    of dentine and enamel from human teeth and
    of glycolashed rabbit bone was determined.
    All were ground to an approximate particle
    size of 60 mesh.  The specific surface of
    apatite was found to be dentine 2.4,  of
    enamel 1.8, of bone ash 99.3 and of whole
    teeth approximately 1.59 and 1.77." -
    Excerpta med.
See:
262	275	284	309	310
314	325	328	329	330
364	383	556	1245	2338
2339	2380	2389	2393	2690
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
642
  Roseberry, H. H., Hastings, A. B. and Morse,
    J. K.  X-RAY ANALYSIS OF BONE AND TEETH.
    J. Biol. Chem., 1931, 90: 395-407.  2 pi.
    9 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1935, 9: No. 2982; Chem. Abstr., 1931, 25:
    2162.  "Since  chemical analysis indicates
    that the chemical composition of untreated
    bone is similar to that of the mineral
    dahlite and since x-ray spectrograms indi-
    cate the similarity in the crystal structure
    of bone, enamel and dahlite, it is concluded
    that the calcium salts of bone and enamel
    may be represented by the formula: CaC03•
    HCa3(P04)o, where ft is not less than 2 nor
    greater than 3.  No evidence is found that
    CaHPC>4 or CaC03 exists in bone or teeth as
    such."

643
  Saupe, E.  RONTGENSPEKTROGRAPHISCHE STRUKTUR-
    UNTERSUCHUNGEN AN BIOLOGISCHEN OBJEKTEN UND
    MENSCHLICHEN KORPERGEWEBEN.  Kolloid. Zschr.,
    1934, 69: 357-363.  Abstracted in: Chem.
    Abstr., 1935,  29: 28195.

644
  Schinz, H. R.  RONTGENOGRAPHISCHE FEINSTRUKTUR-
    UNTERSUCHUNGEN DER VERKALKUNGEN IM MENSCH-
    LICHEN KORPER.  Radiol, clin., Basel, 1943,
    12:  129-144.
645
  Schmidt, W. J. UBER HOMOGENE UND SPHXRITISCHE
    VERKALKUNG BEI DEN VERSCHIEDENEN ARTEN DES
    KNOCHENGEWEBES.  Naturwissenschaften, 1947,
    34- 273-277.   17 refs.  Abstracted in: Ex-
    cerpta med., Sect. 2, 1949, 2: 3082.

646
  StUhler, R.  DIE LAGERUNG DER ANORGANISCHEN
    KRIStAlLITE  IM KNOCHEN.   Naturwissenschaften
    1936, 24: 523.  7 refs.   Abstracted  in:
    Chem. XEstr.,  1937,  31: 4429.


647
  StUhler, R.  UBER DEN  FEINBAU DES KNOCHENS;
    EINE RONTGEN-FEINSTRUKTUR-UNTERSUCHUNG.
    Fortschr. Rbntgenstrahl., 1938, 57: 231-
    264.  Approx. 56 refs.
651
  Arnold, P. W.  THE NATURE OF PRECIPITATED
    CALCIUM PHOSPHATES.  Tr.  Faraday Soc, 1950,
    46: 1061-1072.  21 refs.
652
  Beevers, C. A. and Mclntyre, D. B.  THE ATOMIC
    STRUCTURE OF FLUOR-APATITE AND ITS RELATION
    TO TOOTH AND BONE MATERIAL.  Mineralog. Mag.,
    1946, 27: 254-257.  3 refs.  .Abstracted in:
    Chem. XEstr., 1948, 42: 58071.
653
  Brasseur, H. A. L. and Dallemagne, M.J.  LA
    SYNTHESE DES APATITES.  Bull. Soc. chim.
    France, 1949, 2234: D135-D137.  12 refs.

654
  Buckley, H. E.  GRYSTAL GROWTH.  571p.  New
    York, Wiley, 1951.
655
  Gruner, J. W. and McConnell, D.  THE PROBLEM
    OF THE CARBONATE-APATITES.  THE STRUCTURE
    OF FRANCOLITE.  Zschr. Krist., 1937, 97:
    208-215.  7 refs.
656
  Hendricks, S. B.  COMMENTS ON THE CRYSTAL
    CHEMISTRY OF BONE.  Tr. Conf. Metab. Inter-
    relat., 1952, 4.Conf., 185-202.  Conference
    discussion: p. 196-212.  15 refs.
65l
endricks, S. B. and Hill,  W. L.   NATURE OF
 BONE AND PHOSPHATE ROCK.   Proc.  Nat.  Acad.
 Sc. U. S., 1950,  36:  731-737.   19 refs.
 "The inorganic compounds  of bone have a
 large surface on  which carbonate, citrate,
 Mg, and Na are located.  Carbonate is pre-
 sent on entrapped surfaces and  not as con-
 stituent within the lattice of  francolite
 ... that also by  lattice  limitation,  con-
 tains F in excess of  the  fluorapatite re-
 quirements.  Enamel is similar  to franco-
 lite in having entrapped  surfaces.  The
 over-all composition, including lattice
 and surface, of bone  is that of a neu-
 tral Ca phosphate while enamel  is more
 basic, approximating  hydroxylapatite.
 The compound forming  the  lattice of
 bone... might be  hydroxylapatite with an
 excess of phosphate on the surface." 
38
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (Continued)
658
Hendricks,  S. B., Hill,  W.  L.,  Jacob,  K.  D.
  and Jefferson,  M. E.   STRUCTURAL CHARAC-
  TERISTICS OF APATITE-LIKE SUBSTANCES AND
  COMPOSITION OF PHOSPHATE  ROCK AND BONE  AS
  DETERMINED FROM MICROSCOPICAL AND X-RAY
  DIFFRACTION EXAMINATIONS.  Indust. Engin.
  Chem., 1931, 23:  1413-1418.   42 refs.
  Abstracted in:  Chem.  Abstr.,  1932, 26:
  671.                               —
659
  Hendricks, S. B., Jefferson, M. E. and Mosley,
    V. M.  THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF SOME NATU-
    RAL AND SYNTHETIC APATITE-LIKE SUBSTANCES.
    Zschr. Krist., 1932, 81: 352-369.  17 refs.
    "A study has been made of the crystal struc-
    tures of the compounds forming the 'apatite-
    group' , . . .  The X-ray powder diffraction
    photographs of oxy-apatite, Ca10°(P°4)6 a
    hydrate of tricalcium phosphate, Cag(H20)2
    (PO^g, and a  phosphate compound of bone,
    Ca10(CO3)(H2O)(PO4)6 differ but slightly
    from those of  hydroxy- and fluor-apatite.
    It is probable, however, that these com-
    pounds more closely simulate pyromorphite
    in structure.  There are structural reasons
    for supposing  that the hydrate of tricalcium
    phosphate has  the composition indicated above
    and that the phosphate compound of bone is
    hydrated."

660
 ♦McConnell, D.  THE CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF CAR-
    BONATE APATITES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO
    THE COMPOSITION OF CALCIFIED TISSUES.  J.
    Dent. Res., 1952, 31: 53-63.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1952, 26:  No.  18378.

661
  McConnell, D.  THE NATURE OF ROCK PHOSPHATES,
    TEETH, AND BONES.  J. Washington Acad.  Sc.,
    1952, 42: 36-38.  15 refs.

662
  Mehmel, M.  UBER DIE STRUKTUR DES APATITS.   I.
    Zschr. Krist.,  1930, 75:  323-331.   10 refs.

663
 ♦Mllon,  J. and Dallemagne,  M. J.   LA BRUSHITE
    SYNTHETIQUE.   CRITIQUE DES DONNEES  CRISTAL-
    LOGRAPHIQUES.   Ann.  Soc.  geol.  Belg., 1945,
    69: B 19.

664
 ♦Mllon,  J.  and Dallemagne.  M.  J.   LA FORMATION
    DES CRISTAUX  DE PHOSPHATE  DICALCIQUE  HYDRATE
    (BRUSHITE).   Bull.  Soc.  chim. Belg.,  1946,
    55: 38-51.   Abstracted in:  Chem.  Abstr.,
    T547,  41:  43961.

665
  Naray-Szab6,  St.   THE STRUCTURE OF APATITE
    (CAF)CA4(P04)3.  Zschr.  Krist.,  1930, 75:
    387-398.   5 refs.                      —
666
  Posner,  A.  S.  and Stephenson,  S.  R.   CRYSTAL-
    LOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATION  OF TRICALCIUM PHOS-
    PHATE HYDRATE.   J.  Dent.  Res.,  1952,  31:
    371-382.   16  refs.   Abstracted  in:  BioT.
    Abstr.,  Bait.,  1952,  26:  No. 30215.   "By
    use of the  hydrothermaT  bomb technic,  cry-
    stals of tricalcium phosphate hydrate were
    grown from  about 500 A to  3/4 in length.
    Thus  accurate  crystallographic  evidence  was
    obtained which, when combined with  chemical
    data,  suggested that this  substance,  which
    is similar  to bone,  dentin and  cementum,
    might be hydroxy-apatite  with phosphoric
    acid  occluded  in the ratio  of  0.6  moles  of
    H3PO4 to one  of mole of  Caio(P04)6(OH)2.
    -  Biol.  Abstr.
667
  Read, W. T.  DISLOCATIONS IN CRYSTALS.   228p.
    New York, McGraw-Hill, 1953.
   Verma,  A.  R.   CRYSTAL GROWTH AND DISLOCATIONS.
     182p.  New  York,  Academic Press, 1953.

 ENZYME RELATIONSHIPS


 66A>lbaum, H. G., Hirshfeld, A.  and  Sobel,  A.  E.
    CALCIFICATION.  VI. ADENOSINETRIPHOSPHATE
    CONTENT  OF PREOSSEOUS CARTILAGE.   Proc.  Soc
    Exp.  Biol.,  N. Y.,  1952,  79:  238-241.  Ab-
    stracted in: Excerpta med.,  Sect.  2,  1953,
    6: No. 1332.
 670 "~                                      .   _
   Albaum, H.G., Hirshfeld, A.  and  Sobel,  A   E
    CALCIFICATION.  VIII. GLYCOLYTIC ENZYMES AND
    PHOSPHORYLATED INTERMEDIATES IN PRE-OSSEOUS
    CARTILAGE.   Proc.  Soc Exp.  Biol.,  N.  Y. ,
    1952, 79: 682-686..  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr.T"Balt., 1952, 26:  No.  25188; Chem.
    Abstr.,  1952, 46:  71921.   "Most of  the en-
    zymes of glycolysis present  in  muscle  and
    yeast appear to be  present  in epiphyseal
    cartilage.   Several of the  phosphorylated
    intermediates of  the cycle  have been  identi-
    fied  by using chromatographic procedure."
 671
   Baggi,  G.  and  Amorth, G.  EFFETTI DELLA  SOM-
    MINISTRAZIONE DELLA JALURONIDASI  NEI  TRAPI-
    ANTI  OSSEI  (STUDIO  SPERIMENTALE).   Boll.
    Soc.  med. chir. Modena, 1952, 52:  333-336.
    9 refs.  Abstracted in: ExcerpTa med.,
    Sect. 9, 1953, 7: No. 2446.
 672
   Belanger,  L. F.  AUTORADIOGRAPHIC VISUALIZA-
    TION  OF  THE  ENTRY AND TRANSIT OF S35  IN
    CARTILAGE, BONE, AND DENTINE OF YOUNG  RATS
    AND THE EFFECT OF HYALURONIDASE IN  VITRO.
    Canad. J. Biochem. Physiol.,  1954,  32: 161-
    169.  3 pi.  28 refs.  The  site of  synthesis
    of sulphated substances in  cartilage,  bone
    and dentine  was studied;  also their fate  in
    these tissues, their relationship with miner-
    alization and their histochemical nature  and
    relative local concentration.
673
  Cartier, P.  BIOCHIMIE DE L'OSSIFICATION.
    PHOSPHORYLATION ET CALCIFICATION.   C.  rend.
    Soc. biol.,   1950, 144: 331-333.  Abstracted
    in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1951,  25:  No.
    20646.  Sections of fresh metaphyseal  car-
    tilage from  the long bones  of sheep embryos
    were placed  in mineralizing  solutions  of
    different composition and the results
    noted.  Three facts were  considered impor-
    tant: 1) Adenosine triphosphate (ADT)  played
    a direct role in mineralization of  the pro-
    tein matrix.  2) The phosphatase mechanism
    appeared not involved in  the first  stage  of
    mineralization.  3) Mineralization  seemed
    to begin by  fixation of secondary calcium
    phosphate which was later transformed  into
    tricalcium phosphate.
674
  Cartier, P.  ETUDE DES PROTEASES  DE L'OS   II
    LES PEPTIDASES.  Bull. Soc.  chim. biol ,
    Par., 1946,   28: 259-273.  20 refs.  The  de-
    medullated bones of various  mammals (man,
    cat, calf, rabbit and rat) were extracted
    with a glycerol solution.  The  extracts con-
    tained a dipeptidase, and an aminopolypepti-
    dase but showed no properties of carboxy-
    polypeptidase (trypsin).
675
  Cartier, P.  ETUDE DES PROTEASES  DE L'OS.
    III. ORIGINE DES PROTEASES DE L'OS.  Bull
    Soc. chim. biol., Par., 1946, 28: 273-276!
    7 refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 2, 1948, 1: No. 539.   The demedul-
    lated bones  of young rabbits, rats and
    calves were  extracted with a glycerol solu-
    tion and the extracts compared  with ex-
    tracts of the bone marrow.   Both extracts
    contained the same protease  properties and
    the same constituants: catheptase, tryptase
    in small amount, aminopolypeptidase and di-
    peptidase . 
39
ENZYME RELATIONSHIPS (Continued)
676
 ♦Cartier, P.  MECANISME ENZYMATIQUE DE L'OS-
    SIFICATION.  Paris, 1952.  (These-Univ.)

677
  Castella Bertran, E.  APORTACIONES A LA ONTO-
    GENIA ENZIMdL(JGICA DE LAS AVES.  LA FOSFO-
    MONOESTERASA ACIDA, FOSFOMONOESTERASE ALCA-
    LINA, RODANASA Y Y [Sldl CARBONICOANHIDRASA
    DURANTE LA INCUBACION DEL HUEVO Y DESARROLLO
    ULTERIOR DE LA GALINA.  An. fac. vet. Madr.,
    1952, 4: 402-606.  Abstracted in: Chem.
    Abstr., 1953, 47: 10668*.  A study of the
    distribution of"-enzymes in the organs and
    skeleton of the developing chick embryo and
    growing hen.

678
  Cobb, J. D.  RELATION OF GLYCOGEN, PHOSPHORY-
    LASE, AND GROUND SUBSTANCE TO CALCIFICATION
    OF BONE.  A.M.A. Arch. Path., 1953, 55:
    496-502.  25 refs.  Abstracted in: CEem.
    Abstr., 1953, 47>: 11458g; Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 5, 1954, 7: No. 275.

679
  DiStefano, V. and Neuman, W. F.  CALCIUM  COM-
    PLEXES OF ATP AND ADP AND THEIR  SIGNIFICANCE
    IN CALCIFICATION  IN VITRO.   lOp.  University
    of Rochester Atomic Energy Project, Rochester
    N. Y.,  1952.   (UR-215).  13  refs.  Shorter
    report  in: J. Biol. Chem., 1953,  200:  759-
    763.   "Tracer studies using  radio-calcium
    and  ion-exchange  resins have demonstrated
    conclusively that calcium forms  relatively
    undissociated complex ions with  ATP and ADP.
    It has also been  shown that  the  phospha-
    tases present in  rachitic bone cartilage
    liberate only small amounts of inorganic
    phosphate from ATP.  These results explain
    the  inhibitory effect of ATP on  calcifica-
    tion in vitro."

680
  Fawns, H. T. and Landells, J. W.   THE APPLICA-
    TION OF COLLAGENASE AND HYALURONIDASE TO THE
    STUDY OF CARTILAGE IN HISTOLOGICAL SECTIONS.
    J. Physiol., Lond., 1953, 119: Proc,  5-6.
    2 refs.

681
  Follis, R. H., Jr.  CHEMICAL DIFFERENTIATION
    OF CARTILAGE AND BONE.  II. SULFATASE AC-
    TIVITY.  Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol.,  N. Y.,
    1951, 77: 847-849.  11 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Excerpta med., Sect. 1, 1952, 6: No.
    1296; Chem. Abstr., 1951, 45: 9681a.  "To
    test the hypothesis that depolymerization
    of chondroitin sulphuric acid might occur
    in the calcification zone, the author tried
    to detect a sulphatase activity  in slices
    of costal cartilage from young children and
    puppies.  No activity could be found in the
    calcification zone or in the cartilage;
    only the presence of blood and marrow cells
    caused such an activity..." - Excerpta  med.

682
  Follis, R. H., Jr. and Berthrong,  M.  HISTO-
    CHEMICAL STUDIES ON CARTILAGE AND BONE.  I.
    THE NORMAL PATTERN.  Bull. Johns Hopkins
    Hosp., 1949, 85: 281-297.  pi.   64 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1951,
    25: No. 1831.
  Gutman,  A. B.  RELATION OF PHOSPHORYLASE AND
    PHOSPHATASE TO CALCIFICATION IN CARTILAGE.
    Tr.  Conf. Metab. Aspects Convalesc.,  1946,
    14.meet., 20-24.

684
  Gutman,  A. B. and Gutman, E. B.  A PHOSPHORY-
    LASE IN CALCIFYING CARTILAGE.  Proc.  Soc.
    Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1941, 48: 687-691.  11
    refs.   Abstracted in: BioTT Abstr., Bait.,
    1942,  16: No. 11755; Chem. Abstr., 1942,
    36:  13728.
685
  Gutman, A. B. and Yti, T. F.  A CONCEPT OF THE
    ROLE OF ENZYMES IN ENDOCHONDRAL CALCIFICA-
    TION.  Tr. Conf. Metab. Interrelat., 1950,
    2.meet., 167-190.  37 refs.  Studies and
    discussion of the relation between phos-
    phorylative glycogenolysis and endochondral
    calcification.

686
  Gutman, A. B., Warrick, F. B. and Gutman,
    E. B.  PHOSPHORYLATIVE GLYCOGENOLYSIS AND
    CALCIFICATION IN CARTILAGE.  Science, 1942,
    95: 461-462.  6 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.
    ABstr., 1942, 36: 38135.

687
  Kroon, D. B.  THE EFFECT OF THE HYPOFUNCTION
    OF THE THYROID GLAND, INDUCED BY METHYL-
    THIOURACIL, ON THE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY OF
    SOME ORGANS AND ON THE PROCESS OF OSSIFI-
    CATION IN THE RAT AND IN THE GUINEA-PIG.
    Acta endocr., Kbh., 1949, 2: 227-248.  11
    refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1950, 24: No. 12352; Chem. Abstr., 1950,
    44: 2125b.

688
  Lacapere, J., Drieux, H. and Delaville, G.
    ETUDES HISTOLOGIQUES ET CHIMIQUES SUR LE
    DISQUE INTERVERTEBRAL.  Presse med., 1951,
    59: 1400-1403.  Abstracted in: Excerpta
    med., Sect. 2, 1952, 5: No. 3277.
689
  Laskin,  D.  M.  and Engel,  M.  B.   METABOLISM OF
    BONE IN RABBIT UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF PARA-
    THYROID EXTRACT.  Fed.  Proc,  Bait.,  1954,
    13:  No. 1706.   An abstract.   "The resorp-
    TTon of bone following  administration of
    parathyroid  extract may be related to this
    change in the  activity  of  the intracellular
    dehydrogenases." - Fed. Proc.

690
  Levine,  M.  D.  and Follis, R. H.,  Jr. THE
    LECITHINASE  ACTIVITY OF FETAL CARTILAGE.
    Tr.  Conf. Metab. Interrelat.,  1949, 1.
    Conf., 33-40.   Conference  discussion:
    p. 37-40.  8 refs.
691
  Leynse, B.   INVESTIGATIONS ON THE GLYCOLYTIC
    ENZYME SYSTEM OF CALCIFYING BONES.   Acta
    physiol.  pharm.  neerl.,  1951-1952,  2:
    442-445.   4 refs.  Abstracted in:  CHem.
    Abstr., 1953, 47: 10088d.
692
  Liebknecht,  W.  L.   UBER DIE  AUFSPALTUNG DER
    ADENYLPYROPHOSPHORSAURE DURCH KNOCHENPHOS-
    PHATASE.   Biochem.  Zschr.,  1939,  303:  96-
    100.   7 refs.
693
  Lillie, R.  D.,  Greco,  J.  and Laskey,  A.   HIS-
    TOCHEMICAL STUDIES WITH MALT DIASTASE:  PAR-
    TIAL SEPARATION OF THE  FRACTIONS DESTROYING
    CYTOPLASMIC  BASOPHILIA  (RIBONUCLEIC ACID)
    AND THE METACHROMASIA OF CARTILAGE. Anat.
    Rec, 1949,  103: 635-647.  4 refs.   Ab-
    stracted in:-C*Hem. Abstr., 1949, 43: 8406a.

694
  Loeper, M.,  Lesure,  A.  and Tonnet, J.  SUR
    QUELQUES FERMENTS DU  CARTILAGE.   C. rend.
    Soc. biol,,  1934,  116:  116-117.   6  refs.
    Abstracted in:  Chem.  Abstr., 1934,  28:
    5085?.                              —

695
  Lorenzi,  L.  COCARBOSSILASI E /3-GLICURONIDASI
    NEL TESSUTO  OSSEO.  Boll. Soc. ital. biol.
    sper.,  1952,  28: 1342-1343.  12 refs.   Ab-
    stracted in:  CEem. Abstr., 1953, 47: 7619n. 
40
ENZYME RELATIONSHIPS (Continued)
696
  Lutwak-Mann, C.  ENZYME SYSTEMS IN ARTICULAR
    CARTILAGE.  Biochem. J., Lond., 1940, 34:
    517-527.  14 refs.  Abstracted in: Chei7
    Abstr., 1940, 34: 54723; Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait.,  1941, 15: No. 150.

697

  Paff, G.  H. and Seifter, J.  THE EFFECT OF
    HYALURONIDASE ON BONE GROWTH IN VITRO.
    Anat. Rec, 1950, 106: 525-537.  pi.  4
    refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect.
    1, 1951, 5: No. 272.  Findings suggest
    that hyaluronidase may be important in the
    removal of hyaline cartilage in the process
    of endochondral bone formation.  Further
    studies are being made to determine the
    availability of hyaluronidase at sites of
    endochondral bone formation.

698
  Perkins,  H. R. and Dixon, T. F.  PARATHYROID
    AND BONE CITR0GENASE.  Science, 1953, 118:
    139-140.  6 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.
    Abstr., 1953, 47: 11419h; Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 3, 1954,"5: No. 236.  A study of
    "the citrate content and citrogenase ac-
    tivity of bone in parathyroidectomized and
    normal rats, and in normal rats injected
    with parathyroid extract."

699
  Polonovski, M. and Cartier, P.  ETUDE DES
    PROTEASES DE L'OS.  I. LES PROTEINASES.
    Bull. Soc. chim. biol., Par., 1946, 28:
    247-258.  23 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Chem. Abstr., 1947, 41: 3828a.  In young
    rabbits the demedullaTed leg bones were
    extracted with a glycerol solution.  The
    extract contained a proteinase with
    cathepsin-like properties.  The properties
    of trypsin were also observed in the ex-
    tract but in lesser amount.

700
 ♦Reis, J.   [5-NUCLEOTIDASE]  Acta biol. exp.,
    Warsz., 1937, 11: 122-123.  Abstracted in:
    Chem. Abstr., T9"38, 32: 910l4.
706
701
Robison, R. and Soames,  K. M.  THE POSSIBLE
  SIGNIFICANCE OF HEXOSEPHOSPHORIC ESTERS IN
  OSSIFICATION.  VIII. CALCIFICATION IN VITRO.
  Biochem. J., Lond., 1930, 24: 1922-1926.   pi,
  9 refs.  Abstracted in:  BioT. Abstr., Bait.,
  1933, 7: No. 18199.
702
  Robison, R., MacLeod, M. and Rosenheim, A. H.
    THE POSSIBLE SIGNIFICANCE OF HEXOSEPHOSPHORIC
    ESTERS IN OSSIFICATION.  IX. CALCIFICATION IN
    VITRO.  Biochem. J., Lond., 1930, 24: 1927-
    1941.  pi.  11 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1933, 7: No. 18285

703
  Roche, J.,  Nguyen-Van Thoai,  G. I. and Pin, P.
    RECHERCHES SUR L'OSSIFICATION.  XIV. SUR LE
    ROLE EVENTUEL DE LA PHOSPHORYLASE OSSEUSE
    DANS L^ FORMATION D'ESTERS SERVANT DE SUB-
    STRAT A LA PHOSPHATASE.  Bull. Soc. chim.
    biol., Par., 1951,  33:  286-290.  8 refs.
    Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 1,
    1952, 6:  No. 1975;  Nutrit.  Abstr., Aberdeen,
    1951-52",  21: No. 3805.
704
  Rutishauser,  E.  and Maino,  G.  ETUDE DES PRO-
    TEASES OSSEUSES ET SERIQUES.  L'HYPERPARA-
    THYROIDISMS EXPERIMENTAL ET SES REPERCUSSIONS
    SUR LA MUQUEUSE GASTRIQUE ET SUR LE TAUX DES
    PROTEASES SERIQUES.  Presse med., 1953, 61:
    286-288.   17 refs.

705
  Sarles, H.   CINETIQUE DE L'ACTION DE LA PHOS-
    PHOMONOESTE'RASE ALCALINE D'OS DE FOETUS ET
    SPECIFICITE D'ORGANE DES PHOSPHATASES.  C.
    rend.  Soc.  biol., 1953, 147: 1561-1564.  4
    refs.
1954,  48:  3502e.
707
  Sumner, J. B. and Myrback, K., eds   ENZYMES.
    New York, The Academic Press, 1950-
    See particularly: Phosphatase, v.l, pt. 1,
    p. 473-510; Phosphorlayses,  v.l, pt. 2,
    p. 1014-1039.

708
  Waldman, J.  CALCIFICATION OF  HYPERTROPHIC
    EPIPHYSEAL CARTILAGE IN VITRO FOLLOWING IN-
    ACTIVATION OF PHOSPHATASE AND OTHER ENZYMES.
    Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1948, 69: 262-
    263.   7 refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 2, 1949, 2: No.  3627;  Biol.  Abstr.,
    Bait., 1949,  23:  No. 11114.

709
  Waldman, J.  EFFECT OF INACTIVATION OF ENZYMES
    ON CALCIFICATION OF CARTILAGE IN VITRO.  Tr.
    Conf. Metab.  Interrelat., 1950,  2.meet.,
    203-220.  9 refs.  Report and discussion of
    experiments on sections of rat bone.
710
Zawisch,  C.   DIE BEEINFLUSSUNG DES KNOCHEN-
  WACHSTUMS  DURCH FERMENTWIRKUNG.   Wien.  klin.
  Wschr.,  1932,  45:  321-326.
711
Zawisch,  C.   BEEINFLUSSUNG DES KNOCHEN-
  WACHSTUMS  DURCH FERMENTWIRKUNG;  HISTO-
  LOGISCHE UNTERSUCHUNG VON KNOCHENBEHANDEL-
  TER TIERE.  Zschr.  mikr. anat. Forsch .,
  1931,  26:  173-215.   3 refs.
712
Zawisch,  C.  UBER KNOCHENWACHSTUM UND DESSEN
  BEEINFLUSSUNG DURCH FERMENTWIRKUNG.  Zschr.
  mikr. anat. Forsch., 1930,  23:  169-226.  10
  refs.  Abstracted in:  Biol."Abstr., Bait
  1932, 6:  No. 21679.
713
Zawisch,  C.   WIRKSTOFFE UND IHRE TATIGKEIT
  IM AUFBAU VON KNORPEL UND KNOCHEN.   Zschr.
  mikr. anat. Forsch.,  1937,  42: 595-655.
  Approx. 30 refs.   The effects' of,  1) an
  osteoplastic enzyme,  2) Ketose-monophospha-
  tase, and 3) an adrenalin-like material
  were studied when injected into rabbits'
  Both enzymes increased bony tissue  and di-
  minished vascularity.  The adrenalin-like
  substance increased osteoclasis.
See:

  107
108
                      109       934       122g


ENZYME RELATIONSHIPS - IN REGENERATION AND REPAIR
714
i
Fiocca, S. and Rusconi, A.  RICFRTm? oirtT*
  METACROMASIA.  NOTA II. AZIONE DELLA^ALU
  RONIDASI SULLA EVOLUZIONE DELLE CALIO nx
  FRATTURA E SUL COMPORTAMENTO DELLE SOSTAN7F
  METACROMATICHE.  Arch. chir. ortoo   iJ^E
  17: 219-220.  7 refs.        ur*°P., 1952,
715
Greenberg, D. M. and Mohamed,  M  s   pfffpt
  OF LOWERED BLOOD SUPPLY AND OT GLUcSII-1-
  PHOSPHATE ON HEALING OF BONE FRACTURES
  Proc. Soc Exp. Biol., N. Y , 1944, 57:
  203-205.  10 refs.  Abstracted in: BTo'l.
  Abstr., Bait., 1945, 19: No. 4651; Chem.
  Abstr., 1945, 39: 9829" 
41
ENZYME RELATIONSHIPS - IN REGENERATION AND REPAIR
  (Continued)

716
  Kuwabara, G.  UBER DEN STOFFWECHSEL DES KNOR-
    PEL UND KALLUSGEWEBES.  J. Biochem., Tokyo,
    1932, 16: 389-402.  12 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Chem. Abstr., 1933, 27: 1020.  "No
    oxidase was found eitherTn cartilage or
    callus tissue.  Cartilage possesses a much
    greater dehydrogenase activity than does
    bone.  Furthermore, the epiphyseal carti-
    lage of healthy rabbits has a more active
    dehydrogenase than that of rachitic rab-
    bits.  ...  Both the glucolytic and the
    dehydrogenase activity of the callus attain
    their highest value at the time when calci-
    fication  is most active.  Both callus tis-
    sue and cartilage derive energy from gluco-
    lysis." - Chem. Abstr.
717
  Landoff, G. A.  EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE EF-
    FECTS OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF HYALURONIDASE
    ON THE HEALING OF FRACTURES.  Acta orthop.
    scand., 1951, 21: 5-12.  Abstracted in: Ex-
    cerpta med., Sect. 2, 1952, 5: No. 4419;
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1953, 27: No. 27810.
    Hyaluronidase retarded bone repair.  This
    retardation is thought to be due to the
    enzyme's  inhibiting action on the deposi-
    tion of bone salts in callus tissue.

718
  Li Voti, P.  RICERCHE SULLA LOCALIZZAZIONE
    DELLA FOSFATASI ALCALINA "EL CALLO OSSEO.
    Gior. ital. chir., 1949, 5: 478-487.  70
    refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 5,  1950, 3: No. 2331.

719
  Rutishauser, E., Majno, G. and Perrottet, E.
    LES PROTEASES DU TISSU,OSSEUX NORMAL ET
    PATH0L0GIQUE.  NOTE PRELIMINAIRE.  Arch. sc.,
    Gendve,  1951, 4: 250-252.  3 refs.  Ab-
    stracted  in: Excerpta med., Sect.  5, 1952,
    5: No. 2904.  In normal and rachitic rats  of
    various  ages and in adult rabbits  determina-
    tions were made of the protease  activity in
    whole and fractured bones and the  fracture
    callus.   Differences were attributed to
    variations in the number of cells.

ENZYME RELATIONSHIPS - PHOSPHATASE
720
  Armstrong, A. R. and Banting, F. G.  THE SITE
    OF FORMATION OF THE PHOSPHATASE OF SERUM.
    Canad. M. Ass. J., 1935, 33: 243-246.  8
    refs.  The data obtained in this study sup-
    port the contention that bone is the sole
    source of serum phosphatase.
723
721
Basso, R.  IL COMPORTAMENTO DELLA FOSFATASI
  SERICA DOPO INTERVENTI 0PERAT0RI0 SULLE
  OSSA.  Fisiol. & med., Roma, 1950, V7:
  165-171.  15 refs.  Postoperative serum
  phosphatase determinations, made in 16 pa-
  tients at regular intervals for 30 days,
  showed only slight changes from preopera-
  tive levels.  This was interpreted as in-
  dicating that serum phosphatase was not a
  measure of osteoblast activity nor of bone
  phosphate activity.
722
•J
BSlaneer  L  F.  DETECTION OF PHOSPHATASE AC-
  TIVITY IN POLARIZED LIGHT FOLLOWING GLYCERO-
  PHOSPHATE INCUBATION.  Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol.,
  N  Y , 1951, 77: 266-269.  4 refs.  Ab-
  stracted in: BTol. Abstr., Bait., 1951, 25:
  No  35787   Description of method.  Pre-
  liminary studies with this technique indi-
  cated that 1) phosphatase activity in growing
  bones and teeth is localized in areas, not
  necessarily of mineral deposition; 2) phos-
  phatase activity originates in cytoplasma
  cells- 3) it increases with cell differentia-
Belfanti, S., Oontardi, A. and Ercoli, A.
  PHOSPHATASES.  THE INFLUENCE OF SOME ELEC-
  TROLYTES ON THE PHOSPHATASES OF ANIMAL TIS-
  SUE.  PHOSPHATASES OF THE LIVER, KIDNEY,
  SERUM AND BONES OF THE RABBIT.  Biochem.
  J., Lond., 1935, 29: 517-527.  22 refs.
  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1935, 29:
  51389; Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1935-36,
  5: No. 352.
724
  Bischoff, G. and Loeschke, A.  DIE WIRKUNG
    DER TOXISCHEN KOMPONENTE DES BESTRAHLTEN
    ERGOSTERINS (CALCINOSEFAKTORS) AUF DIE
    KNOCHENPHOSPHATASE.  Zschr. Kinderh., 1932,
    52: 349-357.  13 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Nutrit. Abstr., 1932-33, 2: No. 162; Chem.
    Abstr., 1932,  26:  3014.

725
  Bodansky, O.  THE ACCELERANT EFFECT OF «-AMINO
    ACIDS ON THE ACTIVITY OF BONE PHOSPHATASE.
    J. Biol. Chem., 1936, 114:  273-288.  33
    refs.  Abstracted  in: Chem. Abstr., 1936,
    30: 48837; Nutrit. Abstr.,  Aberdeen, 1936-
    37, 6: No. 1832.

726
  Bodansky, O.  ARE THE PHOSPHATASES OF BONE,
    KIDNEY, INTESTINE  AND SERUM IDENTICAL?  THE
    USE OF BILE ACIDS  IN THEIR DIFFERENTIATION.
    J. Biol. Chem., 1937, 118:  341-362.  37
    refs .
727
Bodansky, O.  and Strachman,  N.   THE INFLUENCE
  OF MAGNESIUM AND COBALT ON THE INHIBITION
  OF PHOSPHATASES OF BONE,  INTESTINE,  AND
  OSTEOGENIC  SARCOMA BY AMINO ACIDS.   J.  Biol.
  Chem.,  1949, 179:  81-102.   30 refs.   Ab-
  stracted in: Nutrit.  Abstr.,  Aberdeen,
  1949-50, 19: No. 2157.
728
Bodansky, O.  and Strachman,  N.   THE INHIBI-
  TORY EFFECT OF DL-ALANINE,  L-GLUTAMIC ACID,
  L-LYSINE, AND L-HISTIDINE  ON  THE ACTIVITY
  OF INTESTINAL, BONE,  AND KIDNEY PHOSPHA-
  TASES.  J.  Biol.  Chem.,  1948, 174:  465-
  476.  16 refs.  Abstracted in:  Chem.  Abstr.
  1948, 42: 6863f;  Biol. Abstr.,  Bait., 1949,
  23: No7"6111.
729
  Borghese. E.  LA FOSFATASI ALCALINA NEGLI
    STADI PIU PRECOCI DELL'OSSIFICAZIONE.   Boll.
    Soc. ital. biol. sper., 1952, 28: 801-803.
    6 refs.  Abstracted in: Nutrit. Abstr.,
    Aberdeen, 1953, 23: No. 3056; Brit. Abstr.,
    Sect. AIII, 1953, p. 627.  Mouse embryos of
    14 to 17 days were used in this study on
    the behavior of alcaline phosphatase in the
    earliest stages of ossification of the car-
    tilage of the extremities and of the verte-
    brae.  The findings are compared with those
    of other authors.
730
  Borghese, E.  LA FOSFATASI ALCALINA NELLE
    PRIME FASI DELL'OSSIFICAZIONE.  Zschr. Anat.
    Entw., 1953, 116: 610-625.  42 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 1, 1954,
    8: No. 107.

731
  Cappellin, M.  AZIONE DELLE FOSFATASI OSSEE
    SULLA OSTEOGENESI IN VITRO.  Sperimentale,
    1948, 99: 133-145.  22 refs.  Abstracted  in:
    Chem. XEstr., 1949, 43: 3050h.  Femur carti-
    lage from chick embryos of 6 days'  incuba-
    tion, cultured in vitro in a medium of plasma
    and embryo extract, developed normally but
    similar explants cultured  in the same medium
    with the addition of bone  phosphatase ex-
    tract showed retarded  growth and degenera-
    tive changes.  This inhibiting  action  of  the
    enzyme  is attributed to protein substances
    which contaminated  the phosphatase, obtained
    by Robinson's method of extraction. 
42
ENZYME RELATIONSHIPS - PHOSPHATASE  (Con-
  tinued)

732
  Cappellin, M.  CARTILAGINE E FOSFATASI ALCALINE,
    Atti Soc. med. chir. Padova, 1947, 86-91
    8 refs.

733
  Cappellin, M.  FOSFATASI OSSEA E OSTEOGENESI
    IN VITRO.  Boll. Soc ital. biol  sper
    1947, 23: 915-917.  3 refs.  Abstracted'in-
    Excerpta med., Sect. 1, 1949, 3: No. 556.

734
  Cappellin, M.  SUL SIGNIFICATO FUNZIONALE
    DELLE CELLULE CARTILAGINEE DELLA LINEA DI
    CONIUGAZIONE.  Rass. biol. umana, 1948, 3:
    35-46.  17 refs.  A histological demonstra-
    tion of phosphatases in the cartilage cells
    of the epiphyseal lines in mice.

735
  Cartier, P.  MECANISME ENZYMATIQUE DE L'OSSI-
    FICATION.  Exposes ann. biochim. med.,  Par.,
    1952, 14: 73-86.  6 refs,.   The theories of
    Robison and Gutman are reviewed and the
    author's findings are compared with theirs.

736
  Cartier, P. and Picard, J.  BIOCHIMIE DE
    L'OSSIFICATION: ROLE DE LA PHOSPHATASE
    ALCALINE DANS LES PREMIERS STADES DE
    L'OSSIFICATION.  C. rend.  Soc. biol.,  1951,
    145: 274-276.  An earlier experiment was
    repeated with the following changes:  Sec-
    tions of epiphyseal cartilage were used,
    a very active preparation of bone phos-
    phatase was added to the solution and  the
    experiment was performed at different
    optimium pH levels.  Results confirmed  the
    earlier findings.

737
  Cloetens,  R.   IDENTIFICATION DE DEUX PHOS-
    PHATASES "ALCALINES"  DANS  LES ORGANES
    ANIMAUX.  Enzymologia,  Haag,  1939,  6: 46-
    56.   8 refs.   Abstracted in:  Chem.  Abstr.,
    1939, 33:  63666.
738
  Combs, G. F.. Norris. L. C. and Heuser,  G.  F.
    THE INTERRELATIONSHIP OF MANGANESE,  PHOS-
    PHATASE AND VITAMIN D IN BONE DEVELOPMENT.
    J. Nutrit., 1942, 23: 131-140.   12 refs.
    Abstracted in: BioTT Abstr.,  Bait.,  1942,
    16: No. 14420; Chem. Abstr.,  1942> 36:
    2"3"904.                              —
739
Common, R. H.  SERUM PHOSPHATASE IN THE DOMES-
  TIC FOWL.  Nature, Lond.,  1934,  133:  572.
  3 refs.  Abstracted in:  Chem.  AbsTr.,  1934,
  28: 44358.
740
Deltour, G. H. and Villiaumey,  J.   ACTION DE
  L' ACETATE DE DEOXYCORTICOSTERONE SUR L'AC-
  TIVITY PHOSPHATASIQUE DE L'OS EPIPHYSAIRE
  DU RAT.  Ann. endocr.,  Par.,  1952,  13:  179-
  181.   7 refs.  Abstracted in:  Biol."Abstr
  Bait., 1953, 27:  No.  22173; Excerpta  med  ,"
  Sect.  3,  1952,  6:  No.  2151
741
De Luca, G.  AglONE DELLA TIROIDE SUI  VALORI
  DELL'ATTIVITA FOSFATASICA DEL SIERO  E DELLE
  OSSA E SULLA CALCIFICAZIONE SCHELETRICA
  Ormoni, 1940, 2:  203-220.  62 refs.   Ab-
  stracted in: Biol.  Abstr.,  Bait.,  1941  15-
  No. 4120.                             ' —"
742
  De Rienzo, A.  AZIONE DELLA FOSFATASI DELLE
    OSSA SULL'ACIDO GLICER0F0SF0RIC0.  Boll.
    Soc ital. biol. sper., 1930, 5:  1034-
    1036.  3 refs.  Abstracted in:  Chem.
    Abstr., 1931, 25: 2159.
743
Dikshit, P. K. and Chitre, R. G.  JTTOIES XJ
  EXPERIMENTAL RICKETS.  THE SOURCE OF SERUM
  ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE IN RACHITIC ALBINO
  RATS.  Indian J. M. Res.,  1950,  38.  *!-*»•
  Abstracted in:  Biol. AMtr.,  Batt.,  U"">*»
  26: No. 36036.   Findings indicate that the
  b"o"ne and serum alkaline phosphatases are
  not identical.
744
4
DiStefano, V.  SELECTED STUDIES ON THE ROLE OF
  BONE PHOSPHATASE IN CALCIFICATION.  98p.
  University of Rochester Atomic Energy Pro-
  ject, Rochester, N. Y., 1954.  (UR-272).  85
  refs.  Abstracted in: Nuclear Sc. Abstr.,
  1954, 8: No. 972.
745
Eremin, G. P. and Kasperskaia,  Z. A.  VLIIANIE
  RAZLICHNOGO KOLICHESTVA BELKA V PITANII NA
  AKTIVNOST'  FOSFATAZY KOSTEI U RASTUSHCHIKH
  ZHIVOTNYKH.  [THE INFLUENCE OF PROTEIN IN-
  TAKE ON THE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN THE,
  BONES OF GROWING ANIMALS1   Biokhimiia, 1950,
  15:  128-133.  7 refs.   Abstracted in: Chem.
  ABstr., 1950,  44: 74006.  In  rats on a diet
  deficient in protein content  (casein 3.5%)
  bone phosphatase activity  decreased 2.5
  times more  than in groups  on  diets of 18
  and  35% protein content.  Removal of bone
  marrow from the epiphysis  did not alter
  enzyme activity but removal from the dia-
  physis caused  a reduction  in  activity of
  the  phosphatase.
746
Fabisch, W.  UBER DEN PHOSPHATASEGEHALT
  NORMALER UND RACHITISCHER RATTENKNORPEL.
  Biochem. Zschr., 1932, 254: 158-169.  6 refs,
  The phosphatase content of cartilage of nor-
  mal, rachitic and irradiated ergosterol
  treated rats was the same.  This finding op-
  poses the theory that low serum P in rickets
  may be explained on the basis of change in
  the phosphatase content in cartilage.
747
  Fell, H. B. and Robison, R.  THE DEVELOPMENT
    AND PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN VIVO AND  IN VI-
    TRO OF THE MANDIBULAR SKELETAL TISSUE OF
    THE EMBRYONIC FOWL.  Biochem. J.,  Lond.,
    1930, 24: 1905-1921.  3 pi.  9 refs.   Ab-
    stracted* in: $iol. Abstr., Bait.,  1933, 7-
    No. 18183; Chem. Abstr., 1931, 25:  3040."

748
  Filippon, S. and Morgano, G.  SUL COMPORTA-
    MENTO DELLA FOSFATASI ALCALINA NEL DIABETE
    SPERIMENTALE.  Arch. Maragliano pat.  clin.,
    1950, 5: 123-126.  15 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Chem. Abstr., 1951, 45: 10376d.
749
  F°iii^ ?• H" Jr-  INORGANIC COMPOSITION AND
    PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY OF HUMAN CARTILAGE IN
    RELATION TO MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION
    Fed. Proc, Bait., 1949, 8: 355.   An  ab- '
    stract.                  ~
750
Follis, R. H., Jr.  PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY  OF
  CARTILAGE AND PERIOSTEUM WITH VARIOUS SUB-
  STRATES.  Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp., 1950,
  87: 181-185.  16 refs.  Abstracted in:  Biol
  ABstr., Bait., 1951, 25: No. 22711.  "Ex-
  tracts of costochondraT hypertrophic carti-
  lage and periosteum were tested quantita-
  tively for phosphatase activity at alkaline
  neutral and acid pH using various substrates
  No differences were found in the 2 types of
  tissue studied.  It would appear that both
  cartilage and periosteum contain, in addi-
  tion to 'alkaline phosphatase,' an acid
  phosphatase acting on meta and pyrophosphate
  as well as an enzyme attacking depolymeriZed
  yeast nucleic acid most readily in the  neu-
  tral medium." 
43
ENZYME RELATIONSHIPS
  tinued)
PHOSPHATASE (Con-
751
  Follis, R. H., Jr.  STUDIES ON THE CHEMICAL
    DIFFERENTIATION OF DEVELOPING CARTILAGE AND
    BONE.  I. GENERAL METHOD.  ALKALINE PHOS-
    PHATASE ACTIVITY.  Bull. Johns Hopkins
    Hosp., 1949, 85: 360-369.  14 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 5, 1950,
    3: No. 1981; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1951, 25:
    No. 1830.                               —

752
  Gomori, G.  CALCIFICATION AND PHOSPHATASE.
    Am. J. Path., 1943, 19: 197-209.  pi.
    18 refs.  "CalclficaTTon of living or
    recently necrosed tissues seems invariably
    to involve phosphatase activity.  On the
    other hand, calcification of hyaline con-
    nective tissue occurs without any phos-
    phatase action.  Acid phosphatase plays
    no role in calcification."

753
  Gould,  B.  S.  and  Shwachman,  H.  BONE AND  TIS-
    SUE  PHOSPHATASE  IN EXPERIMENTAL SCURVY  AND
    STUDIES  ON  THE  SOURCE OF SERUM PHOSPHATASE.
    Am.  J. Physiol.,  1942,  135: 485-491.  12
    refs.  Abstracted  in: BToT. Abstr., Bait  ,
    1942,  16: No. 18227.

754
  Greep,  R. O. , Fischer, C. J. and Morse, A.
    ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE IN ODONTOGENESIS AND
    OSTEOGENESIS AND  ITS HISTOCHEMICAL DEMON-
    STRATION AFTER DEMINERALIZATION.  J. Am.
    Dent. Ass., 1948, 36: 427-442.  15 refs.
    Abstracted  in: BioTT Abstr., Bait., 1949,
    23: No. 4094; Excerpta med., Sect. 2, 1949,
    *"f7 No. 1336.

755
  Grugni, C. and Ferraris, R.  FOSFATASI ACIDA
    E OSSIFICAZIONE ETEROTOPICA NELLA LINGUA DA
    INNES^I AUTO- E OMOPLASTICI DI MIDOLLO  OS-
    SEO.  Boll. Soc  ital. biol. sper.,1949
    (1950),  25: 1084-1085.  4  refs.

756
  Grugni, C, Prina, C. and Dragoni, G.  MIDOLLO
    OSSEO E  FOSFATASI NELLE OSSIFICAZIONI
    ETEROTOPICHE.  Arch. sc. med., Tor., 1951,
    91: 487-508.  18  refs.  Abstracted in:  Chem.
    ArJstr. ,  1951, 45: 8621c.

757
  Gutman, A. B. and Jones, B.  INHIBITION BY
    CYANIDE OF  SERUM ALKALINE  PHOSPHATASE IN
    NORMAL MAN, OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE AND
    SKELETAL DISORDERS.  Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol.,
    N. Y., 1949, 71: 572-575.  9 refs.
762
758
  Gutman, A. B. and Yu, T. F.  FURTHER CONSIDERA-
    TION OF THE EFFECTS OF BERYLLIUM SALTS ON IN
    VITRO CALCIFICATION OF CARTILAGE.  Tr. Conf.
    Metab. Interrelat., 1951, 3.Conf., 90-104.
    Conference discussion: p. 102-104.  Ab-
    stracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1952, 46:  113741.

759
  Hennig, W.  UBER EINIGE ANDERUNGEN DER PH0S-
    PHAtAsEAKTIVITXT DES KNOCHENS BEI EXPERI-
    MENTELLER RACHITIS.  Arch. exp. Path.,
    Lpz., 1950, 212: 105-106.  Abstracted in:
    Excerpta med77~Sect. 2, 1951, 4: No. 5953;
    Chem. Abstr., 1953, 47: 88871.

760
  Hiatt, H. H. , Marks, P. A. and Shorr, E.  EF-
    FECTS OF INHIBITORS ON CALCIUM DEPOSITION IN
    CARTILAGE  IN VITRO.  J. Biol. Chem.,  1953,
    204: 187-195.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
    BaTt., 1954, 28: No. 13014; Brit. Abstr. M.
    Sc, 1954, p.~B45.
761
King, E.  J. and Hall,  G.  E.   THE PHOSPHATASE
  OF FETAL BONE.   Canad.  M.  Ass. J,,  1931, 25:
  44-46.   5 refs.
763
  Kochakian, C. D. and Terepka, A. R.  EFFECT
    OF PARATHYROID EXTRACT ON TISSUE ENZYMES
    AND SERUM AND URINARY PHOSPHORUS.  Am.
    J. Physiol., 1951, 165: 142-148.  24 refs.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1951, 45:
    6276a; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1952, 26*7 No.
    17937.  The kidneys, heart, adrenals and
    bones of rats were studied.

764
  Kodama, S. and Takamatsu, H.   HISTOL0GISCHE
    UND BIOCHEMISCHE STUDIEN UBER DIE PHOSPHA-
    TASE BEI AVITAMINOSEN.  I.  PHOSPHATASE UND
    IHRE BIOLOGISCHE BEDEUTUNG  BEI RACHITIS.
    Tr. Soc. path, jap., 1939,  29: 498-501.

765
  Kubo, M. and Suyama, Y.  UBER DIE GEWEBS-
    PHOSPHATASE BEI ACID0TISCHEN KNOCHEN-
    VERA'NDERUNGEN DER MIT SCHWEFEL GEFUTTERTEN
    RATTE.  Tr. Soc. path, jap., 1936, 26:  682-
    686.

766
  Kuwabara,  G.  EINFLUSS DES CALCIUM AUF DIE
    KNORPELPHOSPHATASE.   J. Biochem., Toyko,
    1932, 16: 403-406.   5 refs.

767
  Lorch, I.  J.  ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE AND THE
    MECHANISM OF OSSIFICATION.   J. Bone Surg.,
    1949, 31B: 94-99.  20 refs.  Abstracted  in:
    ExcerpTa"med., Sect. 2, 1949, 2:  No.  5900.

768
  Lorch, I.  J.  THE DISTRIBUTION OF ALKALINE
    PHOSPHATASE IN RELATION TO  CALCIFICATION IN
    SCYLIORHINUS CANICULA.  DEVELOPMENT OF THE
    ENDOSKELETON.   Q. J. Micr.  Sc, Lond.,
    1949, 90: 381-390.   pi.  15 refs.  Dogfish
    embryos of 18-115 mm. were  studied histo-
    chemically.  "Phosphatase was first noted
    in the chondrocytes and perichondrium at
    47 mm. and in the cartilage matrix at 58
    mm.  Calcification occurred first in the
    neural plates at 58 mm. and in the skull
    at 74 mm.  No calcification was observed
    in zones devoid of extracellular phospha-
    tase.  As the intensity of  calcification
    increased, the amount of phosphatase tended
    to drop.  It is concluded that in elasmo-
    branchs, as in higher animals, extracellu-
    lar phosphatase is an essential precursor
    of calcification."
769
Kay, H. D.  PHOSPHATASE IN GROWTH AND DISEASE
  OF BONE.  Physiol. Rev., 1932, 12: 384-422.
  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 193*2, 26: 4648
Lorch,  I.J.   THE DISTRIBUTION OF ALKALINE
  PHOSPHATASE IN THE SKULL OF THE DEVELOPING
  TROUT.   Q.  J.  Micr.  Sc.,  Lond., 1949,  90:
  183-207.   2 pi.  24 refs.   "Extracellular
  phosphatase is always associated with  ossi-
  fication  or fibre formation.   No deposition
  of calcium salts in the  absence of  phospha-
  tase  was  observed.   Alkaline phosphatase is
  probably  connected with  histogenesis in
  general apart  from its special function  in
  calcification."
770
 ♦Lorch, I.J.  A HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF
    ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE IN RELATION TO
    CALCIFICATION.  1948.   (Thesis, Ph.D-
    Univ.  Lond.)
771
  Lorch,  I.  J.   LOCALIZATION OF ALKALINE PHOS-
    PHATASE  IN MAMMALIAN BONES.  Q.  J.  Micr.
    Sc,  Lond., 1947,  88: 367-381.   pi.  26
    refs. Abstracted  Tn: Excerpta  med., Sect
    1,  1949,  3: No.  85. 
44
ENZYME RELATIONSHIPS - PHOSPHATASE  (Con-
  tinued)

772
  Low, M. B.,  Wilson, R.  0. and Aub, J. C
    PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY OF THE BONES AND
    KIDNEYS IN THYROTOXICOSIS.  Proc. Soc
    Exp. Biol., N. Y.,  1934, 31: 447-450.
    11 refs.  Abstracted  in: CKem. Abstr ,
    1934, 28:  20543.  The kidneys were in-
    creasecTin size and the average phosphatase
    content per gram of tissue was slightly
    diminished.  The phosphatase activity of
    the bones  was the same as that of controls.

773
 ♦Ludwig, K. S.  VITAMIN A-MANGEL UND UBER-
    DOSIERUNG UND IHRE BEZIEHUNGEN ZUM GEHALT AN
    ALKALISCHER PHOSPHATASE DER EPIPHYSENFUGE.
    Internat.  Zschr. Vitaminforsch., Bern,  1953,
    25: 98-103.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,
    1954, 48:  828g; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1954,
    28: No. 10537.
774
  McKelvie, A.  M.  and Mann,  F.  C.   THE ROLE OF
    ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE IN  OSTEOGENESIS AFTER
    TRANSPLANTATION OF BONE.   Proc.  Mayo Clin.,
    1948, 23: 449-454.  18 refs.   The litera-
    ture is reviewed, the author's unpublished
    work with rabbits discussed,  and the hy-
    pothesis advanced that alkaline  phosphatase
    is concerned more with formation of the
    fibrocollagenous framework of  bone than
    with the impregnation of  this  framework
    with calcified salts.
775
MacLeod,  M. and Robison,  R.   THE HYDROLYSIS
  OF HEXOSEDIPHOSPHORIC ESTER BY BONE PHOS-
  PHATASE.  A NEW FRUCTOSEMONOPHOSPHATE.
  Biochem. J.,  Lond.,  1933,  27:  286-297.   17
  refs.  Abstracted in:  Chem. Abstr., 1933,
  27: 3957.
776
Madsen. N.  B. and Tuba,  J.   ON THE SOURCE OF
  the Alkaline phosphatase  in rat serum   j
  Biol. Chem., 1952,  195: 741-750.   27 refs.
  Abstracted in:  ChemTTbstr.,  1953,  47:
  10650C;  Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,  1*332,  22:
  No. 2184.   Results  of  this study  with ra*£s
  indicated  that  the  major  portion  of the
  serum alkaline  phosphatase is derived from
  the intestine.   Bone is probably  the source
  of  that  portion not supplied  by  the intes-
  tine .
777
Majno, G. and Rouiller,  C.   DIE ALKALISCHE
  PHOSPHATASE IN DER BI0L0GIE DES KNOCHEN-
  GEWEBES.   HISTOCHEMISCHE  UNTERSUCHUNGEN
  Virchows  Arch., 1951,  321:  1-61.   101 refs,
  Abstracted in:  Excerpta med., Sect.  1,
  1952, 6:  No.  1775; Chem.  Abstr.,  1952,  46-
      ;d ~                              '  —•
4586c
778
Mathies, J. C.   NATURE OF ALTERATIONS IN AC-
  TIVITY OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE IN TISSUES
  OF HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS.   Fed.  Proc,
  Bait., 1951,  10:  222-223.   An abstract.
  "Previous findTngs of decreased alkaline
  phosphatase activity in bone and  kidney
  and increased activity in  liver following
  hypophysectomy with returns toward normal
  after treatment with anterior pituitary
  growth hormone" are investigated  in greater
  detail.
779
  Mathies,  J.  C.  and Gaebler,  o.  H.   THE EFFECT
    OF GROWTH HORMONE PREPARATIONS ON ALKALINE
    PHOSPHATASE OF THE TIBIA.   Endocrinology
    1949,  45:  129-134.  16 refs.   Abstracted'in•
    Biol.  Abstr.,  Bait.,  1950,  24:  No  9195-
    Chem.  Abstr.,  1950,  44:  4564**f.
780
Mathies, J. C, Goodman,  E. D. and Palm, L.
  EFFECTS OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY,  GROWTH HORMONE
  AND THYROXINE ON PHOSPHATASES OF TIBIA,
  LIVER, SPLEEN,  AND KIDNEYS  OF RAT.   Am.
  J.  Physiol.,  1952,  168:  352-365.   45
  refs.   Abstracted in: Chem.  Abstr.,  19W,
  46:  6243b;  Biol.  Abstr.,  Bait.,  1952,  tb:
  HO.  17889.
781
   Meroni, C. M.  LAS FOSFATASAS; NATURALEZA,
     PAPEL Y DISTRIBUCION.  Rev. odont., B.
     Air., 1953, 41:  13-16.   In this review of
     the processei~of osteogenesis the important
     role of the phosphatases in the biochemical
     mechanisms involved in  bone salts formation
     is stressed.   The hard  tissues of growing
     vertebrates contain phosphomonoesterase,
     called the bone  enzyme  or bone phosphatase.
     The characteristics and behavior of this
     enzyme are discussed in relation to other
     body chemicals and its  distribution in
     bones and teeth  described.   The mechanism
     of bone phosphatase action is examined
     from the qualitative and quantitative
     points of view.

 782
   Moog, F.  LOCALIZATIONS OF ALKALINE AND ACID
     PHOSPHATASES  IN  THE EARLY EMBRYOGENESIS OF
     THE CHICK.  Biol.  Bull., 1944, 86: 51-80.
     34 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
     Bait., 1944,  18:  No. 16370.  "The changes
     in phosphatase distribution in the princi-
     pal soft organs  up to the eighth day, and
     the relation  of  alkaline phosphatase to
     bone deposition  in the  hind limb up to the
     eleventh day,  are  considered."

 783
   Moog,  F.   THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF
     THE PHOSPHOMONOESTERASES.   Biol.  Rev.
     Cambridge Philos.  Soc.,  1946,  21:  41-59.
     Approx.  180 refs.   Abstracted  Tn:  Biol.
     Abstr.,  Bait., 1946,  20:  No.  16859.  A
     review.   See particulary phosphatase and
     calcification: normal and abnormal calci-
     fication, glycogen and  the  'second mecha-
     nism' ,  and  influence of hormones and
     vitamins, p. 47-50.
 784
   Moog,  F.  and  Wenger,  E. L.   THE  OCCURRENCE  OF
     A  NEUTRAL MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDE AT SITES OF
     HIGH ALKALINE  PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY.  Am.  J.
     Anat.,  1952, 90: 339-377.   42  refs.  Ab-
     stracted in: Excerpta med., Sect.  1, 1953,
     7:  No.  1125.   See  particulary, ossifying
     Tissues:  p. 350-354.
785
  Morse, A.  and Greep,  R. 0.  ALKALINE PHOSPHA-
     TASE IN  THE JAW BONES AND TEETH OF THE AL-
     BINO RAT AS RELATED TO  ABNORMAL STATES OF
     BODY GROWTH, MINERAL  METABOLISM, AND DE-
     VELOPMENT.  J. Dent.  Res.,  1952,  31: 284-
     292.   15 refs.  Abstracted  in: Chem
     Abstr.,  1952,  46:  5703f;  Biol. Abstr ,
     Bait.,  1952, 2157 No.  24170.
786
  Morse, A.  and Greep,  R. O.  EFFECT OF ABNORMAI
     METABOLIC STATES UPON THE HISTOCHEMICAL DIS-
     TRIBUTION OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE  IN THE
     TIBIA  OF THE ALBINO RAT.  Anat.  Rec, 1951
     111: 193-219.  4 pi.  24 refs.  Abstracted'
     in: Biol. Abstr.,  Bait.,  1952, 26:  No.
     31241; Chem. Abstr.,  1952,  46:  8~751h.


787
  Motzok,  I.  STUDIES  ON THE  PLASMA  PHOSPHATASE
    OF NORMAL AND RACHITIC CHICKS.   II.  RELA-
    TIONSHIP BETWEEN PLASMA  PHOSPHATASE  AND THE
     PHOSPHATASES OF BONE, KIDNEY,  LIVER  AND IN-
    TESTINAL MUCOSA.    Biochem.  J., Lond.,  1950
     47:  193-196.   17 refs.  Abstracted  in: Ex-'
     cerpta med., Sect.  2, 1951, 4: No.  2327;
     Ber. ges. Physiol.,  1952, 148":  294. 
45
ENZYME RELATIONSHIPS
  tinued)
PHOSPHATASE (Con-
788
  Nava, G.  CONTRIBUTE) AL MECCANISMO DI AZIONE
    DELLA VITAMINA E.  MODIFICAZIONI DELLE FOS-
    FATASI ALCALINE DEL SANGUE E DEI TESSUTI.
    Arch. Maragliano pat. clin., 1949, 4: 727-
    734.  27 refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta
    med., Sect. 2, 1950, 3: No. 3661.


789
  Nava, G. and Fiore, A.  L'INFLUENZA  ORMONICA
    TESTICOLARE SUI COMPLESSI FOSFATASICI DEL
    SANGUE E DEI TESSUTI.  Arch, sc. med., Tor.,
    1949, 88: 533-538.  18 refs.
790
  Neuman, W. F.,  DiStefano, V  and Mulryan, B. J.
    OBSERVATIONS ON THE ROLE OF PHOSPHATASE IN
    CALCIFICATION.  17p.  University of Rochester
    Atomic Energy Project, Rochester, N. Y., 1951.
    (UR-162)  21 refs.
791
  Neuman, W. F., DiStefano, V. and Mulryan,
    B. J.  THE SURFACE CHEMISTRY OF BONE.  III.
    OBSERVATIONS ON THE ROLE OF PHOSPHATASE.  J.
    Biol. Chem., 1951, 193: 227-235.  22 refs.
    "Experiments were performed to test the no-
    tion that glycero phosphate is inhibitory to
    calcification in the absence of active phos-
    phatase.  It was shown  that ester phosphate
    is strongly adsorbed by bone mineral and
    that such adsorbed ester inhibits the ac-
    cretion of additional mineral both in iso-
    lated inorganic systems and in calcifying
    slices of rachitic cartilage taken from rat
    tibia.  The significance of these results
    is discussed."
792
  Norris, W. P. and Cohn, S. H.  THE EFFECT OF
    INJECTED RADIUM ON THE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE
    ACTIVITY OF BONE AND TISSUES.  J. Biol.
    Chem., 1952, 196: 255-264.  22 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: cEem. Abstr., 1952, 46:
    11281c; Nuclear Sc Abstr., 1952 ,*~S: No.
    28.
793
  Page,  I.  H.  WIRKUNG DES NEBENSCHILDDROSEN-
    HORMONS AUF PHOSPHATASE.  Biochem. Zschr.,
    1930, 223- 222-227.  30 refs.  Abstracted
    in:  BioTT Abstr., Bait., 1932, 6: No. 21880
    Injections of parathyroid hormone cause a
    marked diminution in the activity of bone
    phosphatase of rats.
794
  Perkins, H. R.  PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITIES OF
    VARIOUS REGIONS OF RABBIT BONE.  Biochem.
    J., Lond., 1954, 57: Proc. 15-16.  3 refs.
795
  Pisa, M.  MODIFICAZIONI DELLA ATTIVITA FOSFA-
    TASICA DELLE OSSA IN SEGUIT0 A NEVRECTOMIA.
    Biochim. ter. sper., 1934, 21: 497-505.
    In rabbits sciatic and crural neurectomy
    resulted in demineralization and reduced
    phosphatase activity in the femur.
796
Policard, A., Pehu^ M., Roche, J. and
  Boucomont, J.  REPARTITION HISTOLOGIQUE
  DE LA PHOSPHATASE DANS LA ZONE D'OSSI-
  FICATION DES OS LONGS CHEZ L'ENFANT NORMAL
  ET RACHITIQUE.  Bull, histol. appl., Lyon,
  1931, 8: 171-175.  Abstracted in: Chem.
  Abstr.7 1932, 26: 5133; Biol. Abstr.,
  Bait., 1932, 67""No.  22305.  Comparison of
  phosphatase content  and distribution in
  the ossification zones of the long bones
  of rachitic and normal children.
797
  Prina, C. and Grugni, C.  LE VARIAZI0NI DELLA
    FOSFATASI NELLA 0SSIFICAZI0NE ETEROTOPICA.
    I. LA FOSFATASI ALCALINA NELL'INNESTO AUTO-
    PLASTICO DI MIDOLLO OSSEO NEL RENE.  Boll.
    Soc. ital. biol. sper., 1948, 24: 1314-
    1315.  5 refs.  Abstracted in:"Chem. Abstr.,
    1950, 44: 1152e.  In rabbits and guinea
    pigs auTogenous transplants of bone marrow
    were made from the tibia to the kidney.  The
    increased phosphatase activity, attributed
    to the osteogenetic action of the marrow,
    was manifested not only in the implant but
    also in the immediately adjacent renal tis-
    sue, which took part in the osteogenesis.

798
  Robison, R.  BONE PHOSPHATASE.  Erg. Enzym-
    forsch., 1932, 1: 280-294.  Approx. 50 refs.

799
  Robison, R.  CHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM OF COM-
    POUNDS OF PHOSPHORUS.  Annual Rev. Biochem.,
    1936, 5: 181-204.  166 refs.  A review.  See
    particularly, the mechanism of calcification
    in animal tissues, and phosphatases: p. 194-
    196.
800
  Roche, J.  LA PHOSPHATASE DES OS (BIOCHIMIE
    NORMALE ET PATHOLOGIQUE).   Exposes ann.
    biochim. med., 1942, 3.ser., 251-269.
801
  Roche4 J.  LA PHOSPHATASE DES OS ET LE MECANISME
    GENERAL DE L'OSSIFICATION.  Experientia,
    Basel, 1946, 2: 325-336.  Approx. 75 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1947, 21:
    No. 16577; Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1947-4*8",
    17: No. 1926.

802
  Roche, J.  LE ROLE DES PHOSPHATASES DANS LE
    METABOLISME DU CALCIUM.  Ann. Nutrit., Par.,
    1947, 1: 3-30.  147 refs.   Abstracted in:
    Chem. Abstr., 1947, 41: 5178h.

  Roche, J.  SUR LA BIOCHIMIE g£n£rALE DES
    PHOSPHATASES.  Helvet. chim. acta, 1946,
    29: 1253-1267.  50 refs.

804
  Roche, J. and Bullinger, E.   RECHERCHES SUR
    L'OSSIFICATION.  VII. LA PHOSPHATASE DU
    SQUELETTE (OS, DENTS, DERMATOSQUELETTE) CHEZ
    LES POISSONS OSSEUX OU CARTILAGINEUX.  Bull.
    Soc. chim. biol., Par., 1939, 21: 166-184.
    20 refs.

805
  Roche, J. and Deltour, G. H.  RECHERCHES SUR
    L'OSSIFICATION.  XIII. ROLE DE LA PHOSPHA-
    TASE DANS LA CALCIFICATION DES OS IN VITRO
    ET THEORIE "DES FIXATEURS DU CALCIUM."
    Tr. Soc. chim. biol., 1943, 25: 1260-1273.
    18 refs.  Abstracted in: BioTT Abstr.,
    Bait., 1948, 22: No. 897; Nutrit. Abstr.,
    Aberdeen, 1946"":47, 16: No. 3209.
806
  Roche, J. and Deltour, G. H.  THE ROLE OF
    PHOSPHATASE IN THE CALCIFICATION OF BONE
    IN VITRO AND THE THEORY OF "CALCIUM TRAP-
    PING AGENTS."  IN: MEDICAL RESEARCH  IN
    FRANCE DURING THE WAR, 1939-1945.  (Ham-
    burger, J., ed.) [English version]  Paris,
    Flammarlon, 1947, p. 292-303.  18 refs.
    It is shown "that the phosphatase included
    in the cartilaginous tissue plays an  essen-
    tial role in the osseous calcification en-
    riching  'in situ' the cells in phosphoric
    ions and  indirectly  provoking  a  second in-
    flux of calcium  ions toward the  same  re-
    gions.  Roche and Deltour's observations  do
    not permit us to accept the classical theory
    of  the  'calcium  fixators' which  assumes  that
    the ossification process  is due  to  the suc-
    cession of  fixation  of calcium then  of phos-
    phoric acid  leading  to  the  precipitation  of
    insoluble tricalcium phosphate." 
46
ENZYME RELATIONSHIPS
  tinued)

807
PHOSPHATASE (Con-
  Roche,  J.  and Deltour,  G.   SUR LE MECANISME
    BIOCHIMIQUE DE L'OSSIFICATION ET LE ROLE
    PHYSIOLOGIQUE DE LA PHOSPHATASE DES OS.  C.
    rend. Acad, sc. ,  1943,  216:  748-750.   1
    ref.   Abstracted in:  Chem.  Abstr.,  1944, 38:
    23734; Nutrit. Abstr.,  Aberdeen,  1945-46,
    15:  No.  572.

808
  Roche,  J.  and Filippi  A.   ACTIVITE PHOSPHA-
    TASIQUE DES OS ET HORMONE PARATHYROIDIENNE.
    C. rend. Soc. biol.,  1938,  129: 326-238.   7
    refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.TBstr. , 1939,
         7067.
33 i
809
  Roche, J. and Filippi, A.  SUR L'ACTIVITJ? DE
    LA PHOSPHATASE DES OS LONGS AUX DIVERSES
    ETAPES DE LA CROISSANCE.  C. rend.  Soc.
    biol., 1937, 125:  1064-1066.  2 refs.   Ab-
    stracted in: CHem. Abstr., 1938, 32:  1989.

810
  Roche, J. and Leandri, A.  ETUDE QUANTITATIVE
    DE LA PHOSPHATASE  DES OS LONGS AU COURS DE
    LA CROISSANCE DU RAT.  C
    1935, 119:  1141-1144.  3
    in: Biol.  Abstr.,  Bait.,
    Chem. Abstr., 1935,  29
  rend.  Soc.  biol.,
 refs.  Abstracted
 1936, 10:  No.  8353;
73505.
811
Roche,  J.  and Martin-Poggi,  R.   RECHERCHES  SUR
  L'OSSIFICATION.  IX.  ROLE  DE  LA  VITAMINE  C
  ET DE LA PHOSPHATASE  DANS  LA  FORMATION DE LA
  SUBSTANCE OSSEUSE,  EN PARTICULIER DANS LES
  CALS DE FRACTURE.   Tr.  Soc. chim. biol.,
  1941, 23: 1535-1545.   8 refs.  Abstracted in:
  Biol. ABstr.,  Bait;,  1948, 22: No.  895.
   Roche,  J.  amd Mourgue, M.  RECHERCHES SUR L'OS-
     SIFICATION.  XII. PREMIERES ETAPES DE LA CAL-
     CIFICATION DU SQUELETTE  (OS ET DENTS) ET R6LE
     DE  LA PHOSPHATASE DANS L'OSSIFICATION.  Tr.
     Soc  chim. biol., 1942,  24: 1186-1195.  11
     refs.  Abstracted in: BioT. Abstr., Bait.,
     1948, 22: No. 896; Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,
     1946-477 16: No. 1961.

813
   Roche,  J.  and Simonot, M^  T.  ACTIVITE PHOS-
     PHATASIQUE DES OS ET MECANISME DU RACHITISME
     EXPERIMENTAL.  Enzymologia, 1942, 10: 239-
     243.  17  refs.  Abstracted in: BioTT Abstr
     Bait., 1946, 20: No. 772.

814
  Roche, J.,  Filippi,  A. and Leandri, A.   RE-
    CHERCHES SUR L'OSSIFICATION.   III^LA PHOS-
    PHATASE DES OS LONGS AUX DIVERSES ETAPES DE
    LA CROISSANCE.  Bull. Soc.  chim.  biol.,  Par.,
    1937, 19: 1314-1324.  8 refs.   Abstracted  in:
    Nutrit.  Abstr.,  Aberdeen, 1937-38,  7:  No
    4942.

815
  Roche, J.,  LaromiguiSre,  S. de,  and Laurens
    A.  SUR LA DIFFERENCIATION DES PHOSPHATASES
    ALCALINES (PHOSPHOMONOESTERASES ET PYROPHOS-
    PHATASES) DES DIVERS ORGANES ANIMAUX.  C.
    rend. Soc. biol.,  1943,  137: 243-244^  5'
    refs.
816
Rossi,  A.  RICERCHE SULLA FOSFATASI  DELLA
  OSSA.  Boll. Soc. ital. biol.  sper   1933
  8:  714-719.   9 refs.   Abstracted in'  Chem'
  Abstr., 1935,  29: 25576
818
Rouiller C. and Majno, G.  ETUDE HISTOCHIMIQUE
  DE LA PHOSPHATASE ALCALINE DANS LE RACHITISME.
  (NOTE PRELIMINAIRE).  Arch, sc., Geneve,
  1951, 4:  252-253.  Abstracted in: Biol.
  Abstr.7 Bait., 1952, 26: No. 34203.  In y°unB
  rachitic rats histochemical analyses demon-
  strated that when resting cartilage is trans-
  formed into growth cartilage the amount of
  phosphatase present is at least as great as
  in normal animals, and that phosphatase dis-
  tribution in the endosteal and periosteal
  osseous tissues is not qualitatively modi-
  fied.
819
Sacchi, U.   FOSFATASI DELL'OSSO E IRRADIAZIONE
  SOLARE.   Boll. Soc. ital. biol. sper., 1935,
  10: 94-97.  9 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.
  ABstr.,  1935, 29:  478l6.
820
Sacchi, U.   L'INFLUENZA DELLA SIMPATECTOMIA
  GANGLIARE SUL CONTENUTO DELL'OSSO IN FOS-
  FATASI.  Boll. Soc. ital. biol. sper.,
  1935, 10: 100-103.  12 refs.  Abstracted in:
  Chem. ABstr., 1935, 29:  48111.
821
Scimone,  I.   SUL COMPORTAMENTO DELLA FOSFATASI
  DEL PLASMA E DEI COMPONENTI MINERALI DELLE
  OSSA IN ANIMALI TRATTATI CON ESTRATTI DE
  FOSFATASI  OSSEA.  Pathologica, 1939, 31:
  520-525.  13 refs.   German and EnglisE-
  summaries.  "The repeated, although transi-
  tory,  increases of the plasma phosphatasic
  activity,  obtained by the intravenous in-
  jection of aqueous bone extract, cause, if
  the experiment is sufficiently long, a de-
  crease  of  the bone mineral content expounding
  the splitting action of the ferment on the
  inorganic  phosphorus compounds, which con-
  stitute in great part the bone mineral sub-
  stance."
822
Scoz, G.  VARIAZIONI DEL POTERE FOSFATASICO
  DELL'OSSO,  DEL RENE E DEL SANGUE NEL
  RACHITISMO SPERIMENTALE.  Boll. Soc. ital.
  biol. sper.,  1935, 10: 823-826.  2 refs.
  Abstracted in: NutrTT. Abstr., Aberdeen,
  1935-36, 5: No. 2729.
823
Scoz,  G.  and Marangoni,  P. L.  L'AZIONE DELLA
  TIROXINA SUL POTERE FOSFATASICO DELLE OSSA,
  NEL RATTO.  Boll. Soc. ital. biol. sper  ,
  1934,  9: 969-971.  9 refs.  Abstracted in-
  Chem.  Abstr., 1935, 29: 18425
824
Scoz, G.  and Marangoni, P. L.  VARIAZIONI DEL
  POTERE FOSFATOSICO DEL SANGUE E DELL'OSSO E
  DEL PR0CESS0 DI OSSIFICAZIONE IN RAPPORTO
  CON LA VELOCITA DI ACCRESCIMENTO NORMALE E
  SPERIMENTALMENTE MODIFICATA.  Arch, sc
  biol.,  Bologna, 1936, 22: 43-65.  25 refs
  Abstracted in:  Chem. Abstr  , 1936, 30-
  83335.                              —
825
Scoz, G. and Marangoni, P. L.  VARIAZIONI NEI
  PROCESSI DI OSSIFICAZIONE IN RAPPORTO CON LA
  VELOCITA DI ACCRESCIMENTO NORMALE E SPERI-
  MENTALE MODIFICATA.  Boll. Soc. ital. biol
  sper., 1935, 10: 678-680.  Abstracted in.
  Chem. Abstr.,"T936, 30: 76433; Nutrit.
  Abstr., Aberdeen, 193~5*-36, 5: No. 3081.
817
Rossi,  A. and De Rienzo,  A.   AZIONE DELL'ER-
  GOSTEROLO IRRADIATO SULLA  FOSFATASI  DELLE
  OSSA.  Boll. Soc. ital. biol.  sper.,  1933
  8:  719-722.  2 refs.  Abstracted in-  Chem'
  Abstr., 1935, 29: 25577
826
Siffert, R. S.  THE ROLE OF ALKALINE PHOSPHA-
  TASE IN OSTEOGENESIS.  J. Exp. M., 1951, 93.
  415-426.  2 pi.   19 refs.  Abstracted in:—
  Nutrit. Abstr.,  Aberdeen, 1951-52, 21: No
  2002; Chem. Abstr., 1951, 45: 8115b. 
47
ENZYME RELATIONSHIPS - PHOSPHATASE  (Con-
  tinued)
827
Slessor, A. and Wyburn, G. M.  PHOSPHATASE
  AND BONE FORMATION.  Lancet, Lond., 1948,
  254: 212-213.  4 refs.  Abstracted in:
  CKem. Abstr., 1950, 44: 90286.  In the
  rabbit, injections 0""*""phosphatase from
  long bones of foetal calves did not stimu-
  late bone formation.
828
  Sobel,  A.  E.,  Cohen, J. and Kramer, B.  PHOS-
    PHATASE ACTIVITY AND CALCIFICATION IN
    STRONTIUM RICKETS.  Biochem. J., Lond.,
    1935, 29: 2646-2650.  11 refs.  "Compara-
    tive deTerminations of the phosphatase ac-
    tivities of bones obtained from rats with
    strontium and those with calcium rickets
    were made.  It was found that there was no
    significant difference in the phosphatase
    activities in similar anatomical portions
    of the bones from the two groups of ani-
    mals ."

829
  Tanaka, M.  UBER DEN EINFLUSS VERSCHIEDENER
    BEDINGUNGEN AUF DIE WIRKUNG DER PHOSPHA-
    TASEN IN VERSCHIEDENEN ORGANEN UND GEWEBEN.
    Mitt. Med. Akad. Kioto,  1935, 13: 479-510.
    121  refs.  Abstracted in: NutrTt". Abstr.,
    Aberdeen, 1935-36, 5: No. 355.

830
  Tanko, B.  and Robison,  R.  THE  HYDROLYSIS OF
    HEXOSEDIPHOSPHORIC ESTER BY BONE PHOSPHA-
    TASE.   II.  (A)  THE PARTICIPATION OF PHOSPHO-
    HEXOKINASE;  (B)  THE  ISOLATION OF PURE  FRUC-
    TOSE 1-PHOSPHATE.  Biochem. J.,  Lond.,
    1935, 29: 961-972.   10  refs.  Abstracted  in:
    Chem. ABstr.,  1935,  29:  58692.

831
  Theopold,  W.  UNTERSUCHUNGEN  ZUR  AKTIVITAT DER
    ALKALISCHEN PHOSPHATASE IM  GEWEBE GESUNDER
    UND  RACHITISCHER RATTEN. Mschr. Kinderh.,
    1951, 99: 227-231.   38  refs.  Abstracted  in:
    Chem. XBstr.,  1951,  45:  8608e.

832
  Whicher,  C. H.  and Watson, E. M.   EFFECTS  OF
    THYROTROPIC  HORMONE,  GONADOTROPIC  FACTOR,
    PITUITARY GROWTH SUBSTANCE  AND  INSULIN UPON
    THE  PHOSPHATASE CONTENT OF  RAT  FEMURS.
    Endocrinology,  1943,  33: 83-86. 6  refs.
    Abstracted  in:  Biol.  ABstr.,  Bait.,  1944,
    18:  No.  6268;  Chem.  Abstr., 1943,  37:  60249.


833
  Wilkins,  W.  E.,  Calhoun,  J. A., Pilcher, C.
    and  Regen,  E.  M.  THE INFLUENCE OF PITUITARY
    GROWTH HORMONE ON THE PHOSPHATASE  ACTIVITY
    OF BONE AND KIDNEY.   Am. J. Physiol.,  1935,
    112: 477-480.   7 refs.   "Injection of an-
    "Eerior  pituitary growth hormone into adult
    rats was accompanied by an  increase in body,
    bone and kidney weights.  The bones and
    kidneys of  the injected animals showed a
    slightly lower phosphatase  activity per  unit
    of weight than those of the controls.   It
    appears that  renewed growth of  adult rat
    bone is not accompanied by  an increase in
    phosphatase activity."
834
Zetterstrom, R. and Ljunggren, M.  THE ACTIVA-
  TION OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE FROM DIFFERENT
  ORGANS BY PHOSPHORYLATED VITAMIN D2.  Acta
  chem. scand., 1951, 5: 283-290.  26 refs.
  In vitro, vitamin D2 activates alkaline
  phosphatase from the kidneys, intestines,
  and bones.  The activation  is highest for
  bone phosphatase.  If this  activation, which
  is obtained in vitro occurs in vivo, it may
  explain the changes in phosphate metabolism
  observed after administration of vitamin D
  to a rachitic animal.
835
Zorzoli, A.  THE HISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF
  ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE IN DEMINERALIZED BONES
  OF MICE OF DIFFERENT AGES.  Anat. Rec, 1948,
  102: 445-467.  4 pi.  Abstracted in: Biol.
  Aostr., Bait., 1949, 23: No. 15428; Chem.
  Abstr., 1953, 47: 546TP.  The appearance of
  enzyme always preceded the appearance of
  bone salts.  Ossification was never ob-
  served in the absence of phosphatase.  The
  quantity of phosphatase diminshed with age.
836
Zorzoli,  A. and Nadel,  E. M.  ALKALINE PHOS-
  PHATASE ACTIVITY IN THE BONES OF NORMAL AND
  ASCORBUTIC GUINEA PIGS; A CORRELATED BIO-
  CHEMICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY.  J. Histo-
  chem. Cytochem., 1953,  1: 362-371.  18 refs,
See:
18	183	372	683	703
705	707	708	1146	1147
1166	1188	1481	1904	1950
2464	2633	2792	2847	
ENZYME RELATIONSHIPS
  TION AND REPAIR
837
PHOSPHATASE IN REGENERA-
Agrifoglio, E.  VARIAZIONI DELLE FRAZIONI FOS-
  F0RI0HE ACIDOSOLUBILI NELL'EVOLUZIONE DEL
  CALLO DI FRATTURA SPERIMENTALE.  Minerva
  chir., Tor., 1952, 7: 110-111.  6 refs.
  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1953, 47:  23256.
  Studies of the calluses from experimental
  fractures in 3 dogs showed a gradual decrease
  in inorganic phosphatase, and in fractions
  of the phosphoric esters and other more sta-
  ble esters, suggesting phosphorylation.
  These data agree with those of the in vitro
  study of Polonovsky and Cartier on the first
  phases of cartilage ossification and they are
  interpreted as demonstrating that Robinson's
  phosphatase mechanism does not occur in the
  first phases of callus formation nor of os-
  sification.
838
  Blum, G.  PHOSPHATASE AND THE REPAIR OF FRAC-
    TURES.  Lancet, Lond.,  1944, 2:  75-78.  Ab-
    stracted in: Chem. Abstr., 194*4, 38:  63695;
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1944, 18:  No. 18719;
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, l9*?4-45, 14: No.
    1286.

839
  Botterell, E. H. and King, E. J.   PHOSPHATASE
    IN FRACTURES.  Lancet,  Lond, 1935, I: 1267-
    1270.  5 refs.  Abstracted in:  Chem.  Abstr.,
    1935, 29: 59136.  Study was made with rab-
    bits. ~~""The introduction of phosphatase into
    the site of experimental fractures produced
    no change in the rate or apparent quality of
    the calcification of the bone matrix."

840
  Bourne, G. H.  ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE AND VITA-
    MIN C DEFICIENCY IN REGENERATION OF SKULL
    BONES.  J. Anat., Lond., 1948,  82: 81-87.
    2 pi.  12 refs.  Abstracted in:-Nutrit.
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 1948-49, 18:  No. 4412;
    Excerpta med., Sect. 9, 195*57 4: No.  5094.

841
  De Leo, F.  SULL'ATTIVITA DELLA FOSFATASI NEI
    PROCESSI OSTEOGENETICI.  RICERCHE SPERIMEN-
    TALI.  Boll. Soc ital. biol. sper.,  1941,
    16: 777-780.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,
    19*36, 40: 66259.

842
  De Lisi, C.  INFLUENZA DELLE PARATIROIDI SUL
    CONTENUTO DELLA GLICEROFOSFATASI NEL CALLO
    OSSEO.  Pathologica, Genova, 1937, 29: 428-
    432.  31 refs. 
48
ENZYME RELATIONSHIPS - PHOSPHATASE IN REGENERA-
  TION AND REPAIR  (Continued)

843
 ♦Fontaine, R., Chevallier, A., Mandel, P.,
    Wiest, E.  and  Schuller, M.  ETUDE DE L'AC-
    TIVITE PHOSPHATASIQUE DES OS LONGS AU COURS
    DES FRACTURES  EXPERIMENTALES CHEZ LE CHIEN.
    C. rend. Soc.  biol., 1948, 142: 702-704.
    Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 5, 1949,
    2: No. 1888; Chem. Abstr., 1949, 43: 10711.
84
Ge
orge, E. M.  PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN BLOOD
SERUM, BONE, AND SOFT TISSUES FOLLOWING
FRACTURE IN THE CAT.  Arch. Surg., 1948,
57: 113-136.  54 refs.  Abstracted in:
C"Eem. Abstr., 1953, 47: 49916.
845
  Haluzicky, M.  LOkAlNE VYSETROVANIE AKTIVITY
    FOSFATAz HISTOCHEMICKOU METODOU.  Bratisl.
    16k. listy, 1950, 30: 340-342.  3 refs.
    Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 1,
    1952, 6: No. 1291.

846
  IAkovleva, T. M.  GLIKOGEN I SHCHELOCHNAIA
    FOSFATAZA KAK KHARAKTERNYE TSITOKHIMICHESKIE
    POKAZATELI REGENERATSIONNOI KLETKI.  [GLY-
    COGEN AND ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE AS CHARAC-
    TERISTIC CYTOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF [THE]
    REGENERATIVE CELLS]  Doklady Akad. nauk
    SSSR, 1954, 89: 347-350.  11 refs.

847
  Kamada, K.  [ON THE CALLUS-PHOSPHATASE AND
    ITS PARTICIPATION IN THE HEALING PROCESS OF
    FRACTUREl  Fukuoka acta med., 1932,  25:
    207-267.  4 pi.  67 refs.  In Japanese.
    English abstract: p. 5-6.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1933,  7: No. 5335;
    Chem. Abstr., 1932, 26:  600T.

848
  Kroon, D. B.  PHOSPHATASE AND THE FORMATION
    OF PROTEIN-CARBOHYDRATE COMPLEXES.  Acta
    anat., Basel, 1952, 15:  317-328.  12 refs.
    Abstracted in: ExcerpTa med., Sect.  1,
    1953, 7: No. 224.

849
  Li, C. H., Kalman, C. and Evans, H. M.  THE
    EFFECT OF THE HYPOPHYSEAL GROWTH HORMONE ON
    THE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE OF RAT PLASMA.  J.
    Biol. Chem., 1947, 169:  625-629.  10 refs.
    "If the influence of growth hormone on the
    concentration of plasma phosphatase is re-
    garded as indicative of the hormonal action
    on either bone formation or general body
    growth, or both, the observed counteraction
    of the growth and adrenocorticotrophic hor-
    mones in the phosphatase activity is not
    surprising."

850
  McKeown, R. M. and Ostergren, K. I.  THE PHOS-
    PHATASE CONTENT OF FRACTURED BONE.  Proc.
    Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y.,  1931, 29: 54-56.
    2 refs.  Abstracted in:  Nutrit. Abstr.,
    Aberdeen, 1931-32, 1: No. 2486.
851
 ♦Majno, G. and Rouiller, C.   ETUDE HISTOCHIMI-
    QUE DE LA PHOSPHATASE ALCALINE DANS LA RE-
    GENERATION ET LE REMAINIEMENT DE L'OS.
    Arch. sc.,  Geneve,  1950,  3:  248-251.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol.  Abstr., Bait., 1952, 26:
    No. 31240;  Excerpta med., Sect. 1,  1951,"5:
    No. 1741.
852
Roche,  J. and Filippi,  A.   RECHERCHES SUR L'OS-
  SIFICATION.  V.  AUGMENTATION DE L'ACTIVITfi
  PHOSPHATASIQUE DU SQUELEXTE APRES FRACTURE
  D'lN  OS ET BIOCHIMIE  GENERALE DU SYSTEME OS-
  SEUX.  Bull. Soc chim.  biol., Par., 1938,
  20:  1147-1165.  22 refs.
85£~„v^  t  ,„h uov+in Poezi. R.  SUR LES ROLES
  Roche, J. and Martin-foggi, «•    ._. „ n.^o
    DE LA VITAMINE C ET DE ^PHOSPHATASE DANS
    LA FORMATION DE LA SUBSTANCE OSSEUSE AU
    NIVEAU DES CALS DE FRACTURE   C' ™°J- ted
    Acad, sc, 1941, 213: 668-670   Abstracted
    in: Chem. Abstr.,T543, 37: 3162".



85Rosin, A.  UBER DAS VERHALTEN DER ALgLISCHEM
    PHOSPHATASE IM FRAKTURKALLUS DER RATTE
    Acta anat., Basel, 1952, 16. ** **;.  FF Ab_
    30 refs.  French and English summaries.  Ab
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait ,1953^.
    No  16393; Chem. Abstr., 1953, 47: 8890g.
855
  Sieber, E.  BEDEUTUNG DER ALKALISCHEN SERUM-
    PHOSPHATASEUNTERSUCHUNGEN IM VERLAUF DER
    KNOCHENBRUCHHEILUNG.  Zbl. Chir., 195J, ni.
    1583-1590.  22 refs.
856
Solerio,  L.  and Sabaino,  D.   RAPPORTI FRA FOS-
  FATASI  OSSEA E PLASMATICA  NEL DECORSO DELLE
  FRATTURE.   Arch.  sc.  med., Tor.,  1948, 85:
  37-51.   19 refs.   Abstracted in:  Chem.
  Abstr., 1948, 42:  5532^.
857
  Solerio, L. and Sabaino, D.  SUL COMPORTAMENTO
    DELL'ATTIVITA FOSFATASICA OSSEA E PLASMATICA
    NELLE FRATTURE IN ARTI ENERVATI.  Ricer.
    pat. sper., 1948, 37: 157-176.  34 refs.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1950, 44: 7955a,
858
Tollman,  J.  P.,  Drummond.  D. H., Mclntyre,
  A.  R.  and  Bisgard,  J. D.  TISSUE METABO-
  LISM AND PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN EARLY
  CALLUS.  Arch.  Surg., 1940, 40:  43-48.  14
  refs.   "There  was an initial rise in tissue
  metabolism of  the callus, followed by a
  fall.  ...increase in phosphatase activity
  and calcium deposition with time.  The
  changes  in concentration of serum phospha-
  tase were  not  characteristic.  A close re-
  lation  was found between the phosphatase ac-
  tivity  of  the  callus and the amount of cal-
  cium deposition."
859
  Utsunomiya, S. and Matsuda, T.  HISTOCHEMICAL
    STUDY ON PHOSPHATASE IN CALLUS TISSUE  IN
    EXPERIMENTAL BONE FRACTURE.  Igaku &
    Seibutsugaku, 1953, 26: 213-216.  Abstracted
    in: Chem. Abstr., 19*5*3", 47: 11479a.


860
  Utsunomiya, S. and Yoshimura, K.  CHANGE OF
    ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE CONTENT IN LEUCOCYTES
    DURING THE FRACTURE HEALING.  Igaku &
    Seibutsugaku, 1952, 25: 302-305.  13 refs.
    Abstracted in: Chem."Abstr., 1953, 47:
    11478b.
861
  Wilkins, W. E. and Regen, E. M.  COURSE  OF
    PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN HEALING OF  FRAC-
    TURED BONE.   Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol., N. y.,
    1935, 32: 1373-1376.  7 refs.  Abstracted
    in: BioT. Abstr., Bait., 1937, 11:  No.  loos
See:

  811
2300 
49
GENERAL AND REVIEW ARTICLES
  For a review on a specific subject,
  see under subject

862
  Austoni, B. and Coggi, G.  FOSFATASI TISSULARE
    E PLASMATICA E SUE VARIAZIONI PER LA INFLU-
    ENZA DI MODIFICATI FATTORI ORMONICO-VITA-
    MINICI.  (CONTRIBUTE CLINICO E RICERCHE
    SPERIMENTALI.)  Arch. ital. chir., 1934, 37:
    313-340.  74 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. —
    Abstr., Bait., 1935, 9: No. 11166.

863
  Bianco-Morales, C. P.  LA FISIOPATQLOGIA DEL
    TEJIDO OSEO.  Rev. clin. espafl., 1951, 42:
    1-13.  55 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.
    Abstr.,  1952, 46:  2147^.

864
  Bourne,  G. H. and Kidder, G. W., eds.  BIO-
    CHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF NUTRITION.  New
    York,  The Academic Press,  1953.  See par-
    ticularly, Vitamin C: v.l, p. 370-471;
    Structural changes in vitamin deficiencies,
    v.2, p. 42-127; Calcium and phosphorus me-
    tabolism, v.2, p.  410-425.
865
  Colonna, P. C, Ralston, E.  L.  and Frieden-
    berg,  Z. B.   RECENT ADVANCES  IN BONE PHYSI-
    OLOGY.  Surg. Clin. N. America,  1951,  31:
    1531-1550.   82 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Excerpta med., Sect. 2,  1952,  5: No. 4316.
866
  CONFERENCE ON  BONE AND WOUND HEALING.  TRANS-
    ACTIONS.  New York, The  Josiah Macy  Jr.
    Foundation.   Conf.  1-3,  1942-1943.
867
  CONFERENCE ON  CONNECTIVE TISSUES.  TRANSAC-
    TIONS.  New  York,  The Josiah  Macy  Jr.
    Foundation.   Conf.  1-5,  1950-1954.  The
    Transactions of  the fifth  conference is
    not  yet  off  the  press.   It will close  the
    series.  The Transactions  contain  many
    valuable papers.
868
  CONFERENCE ON  METABOLIC ASPECTS OF CONVALES-
    CENCE.  TRANSACTIONS.  New York, The Josiah
    Macy Jr. Foundation.  Conf. 4-17,  1943-1948.
    This is  a continuation of  Conference on  bone
    and  wound healing.  Some  of  the  papers from
    the  Transactions which are particularly  per-
     tinent to this bibliography have been  listed
    separately.
869
  CONFERENCE ON METABOLIC  INTERRELATIONS.  TRANS-
    ACTIONS.  New York, The  Josiah Macy Jr.
     Foundation.   Conf. 1-5,  1949-1953.  The
    Transactions contain  many valuable papers.
    Those important  to this  bibliography have
     been listed separately.

870                       ,
  Dallemagne, M.  J.  DONNEES RECENTES  SUR  LA
    NATURE ET LE METABOLISME DE L'OS.   Actual.
    biochim., Par.,  1945, No.  2.   68p.   Bib-
    liography:  p. 61-66.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr.,  Bait., 1947,  21: No.  13751.  Are-
    view of  the  literature on  the mineral  com-
    position of  bone and  the  theories  concern-
    ing  its  structure.
871
  Dallemagne, M.  J.  L'OS ET LES  MECANISMES DE
    SA FORMATION; LES  PHOSPHATES  DE CALCIUM, LA
    BIOCHIMIE DE  L'OSSIFICATION ET LA  COMPOSI-
    TION DE  L'OS.  J.  physiol., Par.,  1951, 43:
    425-515.  Approx.  450 refs.   A comprehensive
    review.
872
Dallemagne, M. J.  THE PHYSIOLOGY OF SUPPORT-
  ING TISSUE.  Annual. Rev. Physiol., 1950,
  12- 101-118.  242 refs.  Abstracted in:
  BTol. Abstr., Bait., 1951, 25: No. 24021;
  Chem. Abstr., 1950, 44: lOOSS*.  A review
  of the literature devoted chiefly to the
  years 1946-1949.  The structure, growth,
  chemistry and metabolism of bone are dis-
  cussed as well as the influence of dietary
  and hormone factors on bone.
873
  Dragstedt, C. A.  SOME ASPECTS OF PHYSIOLOGY
    OF BONE.  Nebraska M. J., 1932, 17_: 93-98.

874
  Duckworth, J. and Hill, R.  THE STORAGE OF
    ELEMENTS IN THE SKELETON.  Nutrit. Abstr.,
    Aberdeen,  1953, 23:1-17.  229 refs.  A re-
    view discussing: storage of calcium and
    phosphorus, bone composition as a measure
    of bone changes, differential resorption
    and repair of parts of individual bones and
    of parts of the skeleton, medullary bone,
    relationships between resorption and bone
    repair, exchange reactions and differential
    changes in the amounts of calcium and phos-
    phorus, relationship between blood calcium
    and phosphorus values and changes in bone,
    bone changes in pregnancy and lactation,
    bone changes in egg production, and storage
    of other elements.

875
  Engfeljjt, B., EngstrBm, A.  and Zetterstrbm,  R.
    BENVAVNADENS TILLVAXT,- BYGGNAD OCH REAKTIONS-
    SATT.  NYARE ASPEKTER.  Nord.  med., 1953,  49:
    599-603.  English summary.   Abstracted in:
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1953, 23: No.  4817.

876
  Fankuchen, I.  X-RAY STUDIES  ON COMPOUNDS OF
    BIOCHEMICAL INTEREST.  Annual  Rev.  Biochem.,
    1945, 14:  207-224.  85 refs.   See  particu-
    larly p. 219-222 for review of the litera-
    ture on bone.
877
Friedenberg,  Z.  B.   RECENT ADVANCES  IN  BONE
  PHYSIOLOGY.  Internat.  Abstr.  Surg.,  1954,
  98: 313-320.   72  refs.
878
  Friedenberg, Z. B.  RECENT CONCEPTS OF BONE
    PHYSIOLOGY.  J. Internat. Coll.  Surgeons,
    1953, 20: 374-376.  Brief survey of present
    concepTi".

879
  Jolly, M.  BONE, ITS NORMAL STRUCTURE, DE-
    VELOPMENT AND SURGICAL PATHOLOGY.  A
    CRITICAL REVIEW.  [168]l.  Sydney, Australia,
    (Thesis-Univ.)  146 refs.  Typewritten.
880
  Lacroix, P.  THE ORGANISATION OF BONE.  Trans-
    lated from the amended French edition by
    Stewart Gilder.  235p.  London,  Churchill,
    1951.  Bibliography: p. 219-231.  Reviewed
    in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1952, 22:  No.
    1463; Brit. M. J., 1951, 2: 950.
881
  Leriche, R.  PHYSIOLOGIE ET PATHOLOGIE DU
    TISSUE OSSEUX.  455p.  Paris, Masson et
    Cie, 1939.  Reviewed in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1940, 14: No. 15777.

882
  McLean, F. C.  CALCIFICATION AND OSSIFICATION.
    Growth, Phila., 1942, 6: Suppl.  83-94.  23
    refs.  Abstracted in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aber-
    deen, 1945-46, 15:  No. 571.

883
  McLean, F. C.  PHYSIOLOGY OF BONE.   Annual
    Rev. Physiol., 1943, 5: 79-104.   210
    refs.  A comprehensive review.
884
McLean, F. C.   THE PHYSIOLOGY OF BONE.   IN:
  LECTURES ON REGIONAL ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY"
  AND FUNDAMENTAL ORTHOPAEDIC PROBLEMS.
  (Thomson, J. E. M.,  ed.).   Ann Arbor,
  J. W. Edwards, 1947, 110-119.   A brief sur-
  vey devoted to the biological  rather  than
  the physical-chemical aspects  of the  cal-
  cification of bone and based chiefly  on
  work done by Dr. McLean  and his associates
0. C. 
50
GENERAL AND REVIEW ARTICLES (Continued)
885
McLean, F. C. and Urist, M. R.  BONE;  AN INTRO-
  DUCTION TO THE PHYSIOLOGY OF SKELETAL TISSUE.
  182p.  Chicago, University of Chicago Press,
  1955.
899
886
McLean, F.  C.  and Urist,  M.  R.   NEWER KNOW-
  LEDGE OF  POST-FETAL OSTEOGENESIS.   Bull.
  Hosp. Joint  Dis.,  N.  Y.,  1951,  12:  431-442.
  48 refs.   A  review discussing:  morphology;
  origin of the bone cell;  systemic  factors;
  chemistry of calcification.
887
Murray, P.  D.  F.   THE PHYSIOLOGY OF SUPPORTING
  TISSUE.  Ann.  Rev.  Physiol.,  1947,  9:  103-
  118.  199 refs.   Abstracted in:  Chem.  Abstr.,
  1947, 41: 38516.
888
  Newton, W.  H.
    OF BONE.   IN:
    PHYSIOLOGY.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE PHYSIOLOGY
 EVANS'  RECENT ADVANCES IN
6.ed.  Phila., Blakiston,  1939,
    p. 1-46.  43 refs,

890
  Petersen,  H.   DIE ORGANE  DES  SKELETSYSTEMS.
    IN:  HANDBUCH DER MIKROSKOPISCHEN  ANATOMIE
    DES MENSCHEN.  (Mollendorff,  W. von,  ed.)
    Berlin,  Julius Springer,  1930,  2: Teil  2,
    521-678.  Bibliography:  p.  676-6*78.
891
Policard, A.  and Roche,  J.   LA  FORMATION DE LA
  SUBSTANCE OSSEUSE.   ESSAI  DE  COORDINATION
  DES DONNEES HISTOL0GIQUES  ET  BIOCHIMIQUES.
  Ann. physiol., Par.,  1937,  13:  645-703.
  Discussion: 704-712.   A criTTcal  review,
  coordinating histological  and biochemical
  findings and the various hypotheses  on the
  processes of bone formation.
892
RECENT ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF THE  STRUCTURE,
  COMPOSITION AND GROWTH OF MINERALIZED  TIS-
  SUES.  Ann. N.  York Acad.  Sc.,  (This will
  probably be published early in 1955 as vol.
  58, article 8 of the Annals).
393
Roche,  J.   QUELQUES ASPECTS  BIOCHIMIQUES DE
  L'OSSIFICATION.   Ann.  Soc.  sc.  mea.  natur.
  Bruxelles,  1937,  Nos.  3-4,  23-47.
894
Roche.  J.   QUELQUES PROBLEMES BIOCHIMIQUES
  GENERAUX POSES PAR L•OSSIFICATION.   Exposes
  ann.  biochim.  mSd.,  1939,  2.s€r., 237-262.
895
Ruiz  Gij6n,  J.   LA COMPOSICl6N QUIMICA  DEL
  HUESO Y BIOQUIMICA DE LA OSIFICAClSN.   Rev,
  clin. espaB.,  1941, 3:  89-97.  69  refs.
896
Schaffer, J.  DIE STUTZGEWEBE.   IN:  HANDBUCH
  DER MIKROSKOPISCHEN ANATOMIE  DES* MENSCHEN.
  (Mollendorff,  W. von,  ed.)  Berlin,  Julius
  Springer, 1930, 2:  Teil 2,  1-390.   An ex-
  haustive source to the earlier literature.
  References are interspersed throughout the
  work.
897
  Schinz, H. R., Baensch, W. E., Friedl, E. and
    Uehlinger, E.  ROENTGEN-DIAGNOSTICS.  Tr.
    by James T. Case.  1st Am. ed.   New York,
    Grune & Stratton, 1951.  Skeleton: v. 1-2.
    Devoted to normal and abnormal physiology.
    Extensive list  of references at end of
    each chapter.

898
  Thomsen, H.  PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOLOGY OF OSSEOUS
    TISSUE.  Ugeskr. laeger, 1941,  103: 101-110.
Watson Jones, R. and Roberts, R. E.  CALClFl
  CATION, DECALCIFICATION AND OSSIFICATION.
  Brit. J. Radiol., n.s. 1934, 7: 321-343;
  391-414.  164 refs.  Also in:~Brit. J- Surg.
  1934, 21: 461-499.
  Weidenreich, F.  DAS KNOCHENGEWEBE.   IN:  HAND-
    BUCH DER MIKROSKOPISCHEN ANATOMIE DES"
    MENSCHEN.  (Mollendorff, w. von, ed.)   Ber-
    lin, Julius Springer, 1930, 2: Teil 2,  391-
    520.  Bibliography, p.  508-520.

901
  Weinmann, J. P. and Sicher,  H.  BONE  AND BONES;
    FUNDAMENTALS OF BONE BIOLOGY.  464p.   St.
    Louis, Mosby, 1947.  References: p. 424-453.
    A second edition of this work is in press.
See:
82
1880
718
741
1775
1804
GLYCOPROTEINS AND MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES  -
  BIBLIOGRAPHY

902
  Murray, M  R. and Kopech, G.  A BIBLIOGRAPHY
    OF THE RESEARCH IN TISSUE CULTURE, 1884  TO
    1950.  New York, Academic Press, 1953.   v.l
    Ground substance: p. 659-662.

GLYCOPROTEINS AND MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES OF
  BONE AND CARTILAGE
903
Blix, G.  STUDIES IN GLYCOPROTEINS.  Acta
  physiol. scand., 1940, 1: 29-42.  Ab-
  stracted in: Brit. Abstr., Sect. AIII,
  1941, p. 367.  Hyalomucoid, synovial mucin
  and submaxillary mucin were investigated
  with aid of electrophoresis and the water
  extracts of cartilage (nasal septum from
  cattle) were studied.  Only a minor part of
  the chondroitin sulphuric acid could be ex-
  tracted with water alone.  The author con-
  siders that the results clearly support the
  old view of MOrner that the chondroitin
  sulphuric acid in cartilage is partly pre-
  sent as alkali salt.
904
Bujard, E.  GLYCOGENE ET OSSIFICATION MESEN-
  CHYMATEUSE.  Schweiz. med. Wschr., 1949,
  79: 504.  Abstracted in:  Biol. Abstr ,
  Bait., 1951, 25:  No. 1840.
905

  ^Anh Wa  ^^P PRIMITIVEN STUTZGEWEBE.
    Anat. Anz., 1953, 99: 307-312.  8 refs
    A review of V. PatZSlt's classification of
    the connective and supporting tissues is
    followed by a study of the mucopolysaccha-
    ride of bone ground substance aSd Se sug-
    gestion that it be included in Patzel+?=
    group of connective tissues.   Patzelt's
906
  Cadili, G.  FUNZIONE DEGLI ESTERI SOIFOrxpt at,
    ALTO PESO MOLECOLARE NELLA FORMAzJSX Jel
    CALLO DI FRATTURA.  Gior.  ital  chir   ?qaq
    5: 579-585.  25 refs.  In diet' Vtl  \ 94?'
    The sulphuric esters of high moW i r°le °f
    was studied in the formation" o? tZ V W!ight
    callus of the radius   i  „„°  th? fracture
    these esters are importan^factors'in'ae1^
    terming connective tissue ossiflability
907                                       y'
  Casuccio, C,  STUDIO ISTOCHIMICO DFTTF <*n<?
    TANZE IDROCARBONATE AD ALTO PisS KecSlXrf
    NELLO SCHELETRO FETALE E NEI PRIMI STA^
    DELLO SVILLUPPO POSTNATALE.  Ortoo  traumat
    app. motore, 1953, 21: 235:256   74 refs    "
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr   1954  48-
    59961.                     ''     ' —' a 
GLYCOPROTEINS AND MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES OF
  BONE AND CARTILAGE  (Continued)
908
  Claiborne, C. L., Shetlar, M. R., Reifenstein,
    E. C, Jr., Jones, H. B. and McDougal, R. C.
    THE EFFECT OF PARATHYROID EXTRACT ON AM-
    MONIUM-CHLORIDE-DECALCIFIED-BONE MATRIX AND
    ON THE SERUM LEVELS OF POLYSACCHARIDES: PRE-
    LIMINARY IN VIVO STUDIES IN PARATHYROIDECTO-
    MIZED RATS.  J. Clin. Endocr.  Metab., 1953,
    13: 860-861.  An abstract.  Serum polysac-
    charide levels showed a rise in the muco-
    protein fraction upon administration of
    PTH.  Histologic and histochemical findings
    in the bone specimens and detailed polysac-
    charide studies are presented.

909
 ♦Cobb, J. D.  THE MORPHOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION
    OF GLYCOGEN AND GLYCOPROTEIN IN THE CELLS
    AND EXTRACELLULAR MATERIALS OF GROWING
    BONES.  Urbana, 111., 1949. (Thesis -
    Univ. of Illinois).
910
Engel, M. B.  MOBILIZATION OF MUCOPROTEIN BY
  PARATHYROID EXTRACT.  A.M.A. Arch. Path.,
  1952, 53: 339-351.  24 refs.  Abstracted in:
  Chem. ABstr., 1952, 46: 82191.  "Histochemi-
  cal studies on bone and kidney and estrogens
  of mucoprotein in bone and serum in rats af-
  ter large doses of parathyroid hormone indi-
  cate that depolymerization of the ground
  substance of bone and cartilage takes place,
  and the mucoprotein of the serum increases
  considerably.  Renal damage may occur be-
  cause of blocking of the renal tubules by
  plugs of mucoprotein." - Chem. Abstr.
911
ESTUDIO HISTOQUIMICO DE LA OSI-
Gerard. G.
  FICACION EN EL HOMBBE.  II. MUCOPOLISAC.
ARI-
DOS EN LA OSIFICACION ENDOCONDRAL.  Arch.
Soc. biol. Montevideo, 1951, 18: 103-109.
pi.  14 refs.  Abstracted in:~Chem. Abstr,
1952, 46: 11372h.
912
  Gersh, I.  GROUND SUBSTANCE AND THE PLASTICITY
    OF CONNECTIVE TISSUES.  Harvey Lectures,
    Bait., 1949-50, 45: 211-241.  8 pi.  27
    refs.  See particularly, p. 221-222 for
    review on bone and cartilage.  Abstracted
    in: Chem. Abstr., 1952, 46: 113756.

913
  Glegg, R. E., Eidinger, D. and Leblond, C. P.
    PRESENCE OF CARBOHYDRATES DISTINCT FROM
    ACID MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES IN CONNECTIVE TIS-
    SUE.  Science, 1954, 120: 839-840.

914
  Glock, G. E.  GLYCOGEN AND CALCIFICATION.  J.
    Physiol., Lond., 1940, 98: 1-11.  25 refs.
    Abstracted in: Chem. AbsTr., 1940, 34:
    44461; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1941, lTTT No.
    440.
915
Godard, H.  LA CROISSANCE OSSEUSE ET LES MUCO-
  POLYSACCHARIDES.  Presse med., 1952, 60:
  1799-1802.  6 refs.  Abstracted in: NuTrit.
  Abstr., Aberdeen, 1953, 23: No. 3331.
  Godard  H.  LES MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES DE L'OS ET
    DU CARTILAGE.   (L'OSTEOGENESE DE CROISSANCE
    EPIPHYSAIRE).  C. rend. Ass. anat., 1952,
    38.meet., 543-556.   16 refs.
917
  Godard, H.  LES MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES DE L'OS
    FOLLICULINIQUE.  C.  rend. Ass. anat.,  U*"""
    1953, 39.meet., 81-83.
918
  Godard, H.  L'OS DE CROISSANCE EPIPHYSAIRE ET
    LES MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES.  Arch. anat.  micr,,
    Par., 1951, 40: 223-245.  23 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in:**Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1952, 26:
    No. 31235.
919                                        .
  Godard, H.  L'OSTEOGENESE DE CROISSANCE EPI-
    PHYSAIRE ET LES MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES DE L'OS.
    Presse med., 1952, 60: 414-416.  8 refs.
    Abstracted in: NutrTt. Abstr., Aberdeen,
    1952, 22: No. 2596.
920
  Godard, H.  OSTEOGEnEsE DE CROISSANCE EPI-
    PHYSAIRE.  LES MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES DE L'OS
    ET DU CARTILAGE.  251p.  Paris, 1952.
    (Th6se Doct.-Fac. sc.)
921
  Hass, G. M.  STUDIES OF CARTILAGE:  II. A
    QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF THE STABILIZING AC-
    TION OF CRYSTAL VIOLET ON TISSUE POLYSAC-
    CHARIDE COMPOUNDS.  Arch. Path., Chic,
    1942, 33: 163-173.  Abstracted in:  Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1942, 16:  16218.
922
  Hisamura, H.  BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON CARBOHY-
    DRATES.  XXXIX. CARBOHYDRATES IN THE MOLE-
    CULE OF OSSEOMUCOID.  J.  Biochem.,  Tokyo,
    1938, 28: 473-478.  4 refs.
923
  Hudack, S. S.,  Blunt, J. W.,  Jr., Higbee, P.
    and Kearin,  G. M.  A PROBABLE ACID MUCOPOLY-
    SACCHARIDE PRESENT IN GRANULATION TISSUE.
    Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1949,  72: 526-
    528.  6 refs.  Chemical and histochemical
    observations on a mucopolysaccharide found
    in the calluses of healing  fractured bones
    of rabbits.
924
  Kuzin, A. M.,  Garzunova, G. A.  and Mumul,
    A. V.  OB UCHASTII KOMPLEKSNYKH POLISAKHARI-
    D0V V UGLEVODNOM OBMENE.   [PARTICIPATION  OF
    COMPLEX POLYSACCHARIDES IN  CARBOHYDRATE
    METABOLISM]   Doklady Akad.  nauk SSSR,  1953,
    92: 637-640.   3 refs.  Abstracted in:  Chem.
    ABstr., 1954, 48: 5328c.
925
  Leblond, C. P.   DISTRIBUTION  OF PERIODIC  ACID-
    REACTIVE CARBOHYDRATES IN THE ADULT RAT.   Am.
    J. Anat., 1950, 86: 1-49.  12 pi.   26 refs.
    The various organs and tissues studied  in-
    clused bone and cartilage.
926
  Malmgren, H. and Sylven, B.  BIOPHYSICAL AND
    PHYSIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON CARTILAGE
    AND OTHER MESENCHYMAL TISSUES.  V.  IDENTI-
    FICATION OF THE POLYSACCHARIDE OF BOVINE
    NUCLEI PULPOSI.  Biochim. biophys.  acta,
    Amst., 1952,  9: 706-707.
    stracted in:  Chem. Abstr.,
927
  Mancini, R. E.  and Bacarini
    TEINAS DEL TEJIDO CONECTIVO-ADULTO Y
    EMBRIONARIO.   Rev. Soc. argent, biol.,
    1951, 27: 27-37. 21 refs.  English sum-
    mary .

928
  Maurer, P. H.  and Hudack, S.  S.  THE  ISOLA-
    TION OF HYALURONIC ACID FROM CALLUS TISSUE
    OF EARLY HEALING.  Arch.  Biochem.,  N.  Y. ,
    1952, 38: 49-53.  31 refs.   Abstracted  in:
    Chem. ABstr., 1953, 47: 648e; Biol.  Abstr.,
    Bait., 1953,  27: No.~Tl05.  "A polysaccharide
    was isolated  Trom callus tissue of healing
    rabbit bone fractures.  It  is very similar
    to hyaluronic acid in its chemical proper-
    ties and in its behavior toward pneumococcal
    hyaluronidase preparation." - Chem. Abstr.
929
  Meyer, K.  HYALURONIC ACID, CHONDROITIN SUL-
    PHATES AND THEIR PROTEIN COMPLEXES.  Discuss,
    Faraday Soc, 1953, No. 13, 271-275.  23
    refs.  "The evidence for the existence of
    reversible polar complexes of hyaluronic
    acid in native fluids  is reviewed.  Data  on
    cartilage are reviewed and explained by  the
    assumption of polar  linkages with protein.
    In contrast, the chondroitin sulphates of
    connective tissue are  stably  linked to pro-
    tein ."
 10  refs.  Ab-
,  1953, 47: 3363h.

      MUCOPRO- 
52
GLYCOPROTEINS AND MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES OF
  BONE AND CARTILAGE  (Continued)

930
  Meyer, K.  THE MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES OF THE
    INTERFIBRILLAR SUBSTANCE OF THE MESENCHYME.
    Ann. N. York Acad. Sc. , 1950,  52: 961-963.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1951,
    25: No. 30159.

931
  Rogers. H. J.  CONCENTRATION AND DISTRIBUTION
    OF POLYSACCHARIDES IN  HUMAN CORTICAL BONE AND
    THE DENTINE OF TEETH.  Nature, Lond.,  1949,
    164: 625-626.  10 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1949-50, 19: No.
    4992; Excerpta med., Sect. 2,  1950,"3: No.
    5101.

932
  Rogers, H. J.  THE  POLYSACCHARIDE ASSOCIATED
    WITH THE ORGANIC  MATRIX OF BONE.  Biochem.
    J., Lond., 1951,  49: Proc. 12-13.  2 refs.
    An abstract.

 933
  Schittenhelm, A. and Eisler, B.  UBER DIE
    WIRKUNG DES THYROXINS  AUF DEN  GLYKOGENGEHALT
    DES KNORPELS.  Zschr.  ges. exp. Med.,  1933,
    86: 383-386.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1936, 10:  No. 5699; Chem. Abstr.,
    1933, 27: 22177
See:
17
784
78
1198
222
408
678
GLYCOPROTEINS AND MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES OF BONE
  AND CARTILAGE - CHONDROITIN SULFATE
934
Benditt, E. P. and French, J. E.   REDUCTION
  IN METACHROMASIA OF CARTILAGE AS AN INDI-
  CATOR OF CHONDROITINASE ACTIVITY.  J.  Nat.
  Cancer Inst., 1952, 13: 234-235.  An ab-
  stract.  "From this evidence it is con-
  cluded that the reduction of metachromasia
  may be due to at least three mechanisms:
  1) The action of a specific chondroitin
  depolymerase (T.E.).  2) The release of a
  polysaccharide from its combination with
  other tissue substances (M.E.).  3) The
  combination of a protein carrying a resi-
  dual positive charge with chondroitin sul-
  fate thereby preventing subsequent combi-
  nation with the basic dye (H)."
935
Bostrom, H.  ON THE METABOLISM OF THE SULFATE
  GROUP OF CHONDBOITINSULFURIC ACID.  J.  Biol,
  Chem., 1952, 196: 477-481.  10 refs.  "The
  uptake and elimination of radioactive sul-
  fate in the chondroitin sulfuric acid of
  the cartilage of adult rats were followed
  for 16 days.  The chondroitinsulfuric acid
  was isolated at different time intervals
  after intraperitoneal injection of S35-
  labeled sodium sulfate.  The maximum up-
  take was reached in 24 hours and the curve
  declined slowly to half the maximum value
  on the 17th day after injection."
936
Bostrom, H. and Aqvist, S.  UTILIZATION OF
  S35 LABELLED SODIUM SULPHATE IN THE SYN-
  THESIS OF CHONDROITIN SULPHURIC ACID, TAU-
  RINE,  METHIONINE AND CYSTINE.  Acta chem.
  scand., 1952, 6: 1557-1559.  14 refs.  Ab-
  stracted in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1953,
  23:  No. 3287.  Adult white rats, injected
  Tntraperitoneally with S35-labelled sodium
  sulfate were sacrificed at intervals up to
  24 hours and determinations made of the in-
  corporation of the isotope.  A high per-
  centage was found to have combined with the
  chondroitin sulphuric acid of the costal
  cartilage.   Liver taurine showed a low up-
  take but no trace was found in liver cys-
  tine and methionine.  It is suggested that
  sulfate uptake occurs mainly in mucopoly-
  saccharide-containing ester sulfates.
937
i*«c + T*im  h  and MAnsson, B.  THE DEMONSTRA-
*Tl5VA SJlR SCTW STIMULATING THE SUL-
  FATE EXCHANGE OF CHONDROITIN SULPHURIC
  ACID.  Acta chem. scand., 1953, 7: 1014.
  2 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
  Bait., 1954, 28: No.  10488.
938
BostrOm, H. and M&nsson, B.  EXCHANGE OF THE
  ACETYL GROUP OF CHONDROITINSULFURIC ACID IN
  SLICES OF CARTILAGE.   Acta chem.  scand.,
  1952, 6: 1559-1561.  4 refs.   Abstracted in:
  Chem. Abstr., 1953, 47:  9466a.
939
Bostrom, H. and MAnsson, B.  ON THE KNZYMATIC
  KXCHANGE OF THE SULFATE GROUP OF CHONDBOIT-
  INSULFURIC ACID IN SLICES OF CARTILAGE.  J.
  Biol. Chem., 1952, 196: 483-487.  18 refs.
  Abstracted in:  Brit7"*A*bstr., Sect. AIII,
  1953, p. 471.  "Slices of cartilage incu-
  bated at 37° in Krebs' solution with
  Na235S04 showed an uptake of 35S into the
  chondroitin sulphuric acid which increased
  with time.  Boiled cartilage, and cartilage
  kept at 0° in an amount of N2, showed no
  similar uptake of 35S.  These experiments
  indicate the presence in cartilage of an
  enzyme system which regulates the exchange
  of S041' of chondroitin sulphuric acid."
  - Brit. Abstr.
940
  Bray. H. G., Gregory, J. E. and Stacey, M.
    CHEMISTRY OF TISSUES.  I. CHONDROITIN FROM
    CARTILAGE.  Biochem. J., Lond., 1944, 38:
    142-146.  21 refs.  Abstracted in: BioTT
    Abstr., Bait., 1945, 19: No. 15660.


941
  CHONDROITIN SULFATE.  (Editorial).   J. Am.
    M. Ass., 1951, 146: 1327.  Comments on
    Dziewiatkowski's work, in which the rate of
    formation of chondroitin sulfate in the
    knee joints of rats was determined.

942
  Dziewiatkowski, D. D.  ISOLATION OF CHONDROIT-
    IN SULFATE S35 FROM ARTICULAR CARTILAGE OF
    RATS.  J-. Biol.  Ohem., 1951, 189:  187-190.
    5 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol."ABstr., Bait.,
    1951, 25: Ho. 22840; Ber. ges. Physiol.,
    1952-537 151: 295.
943
Dziewiatkowski, D. D., Benesch, R. E  and
  Benesch, B.  ON THE POSSIBLE UTILIZATION OF
  SULFATE SULFUR BY THE SUCKLING BAT FOR THE
  SYNTHESIS OF CHONDROITIN SULFATE AS INDI-
  CATED BY THE USE OF RADIOACTIVE SULFUR   J
  Biol  Chem., 1949, 178: 931-938.  Abstracted
  in: Nutrit. Abstr..Aberdeen, 1949-50  19-
  No. 2423.  "On the basis of a partial sepa-
  ration of chondroitin sulfate from the car-
  w?Ih °f+Khe £*ee Joint of «i»als in-
  jected with sodium sulfate, containing S35
  it is suggested that the major portion  if'
  ?°? aJXA °Vhe labeled ^atePsuliur"'r"
  ^inHdJy+Khe articular cartilage may be
  retained therein as chondroitin sulfate "
944
Einbinder, J. and Schubert, M   CRYSTALiT7A
  TION OF CALCIUM CHONDROITIN SuSatT  J
  Biol  Chem., 1951, 19l: 591-597.  15 refs
  "By starting with amorphous potassium chon-
  droitin sulfate. . . it has been found pos-
  sible, by conversion to a neutral calcium
  salt, to separate it into a small amorphous
  fraction and a large crystalline fraction
  These fractions have the same composition'
  and differ only slightly in solubility and
  specific rotation.  Analytical data may
  indicate the presence of an as yet unidenti-
  fied constituent." 
53
GLYCOPROTEINS AND MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES OF BONE
  AND CARTILAGE - CHONDROITIN SULFATE (Continued)

945
  Einbinder, J. and Schubert, M.  SEPARATION OF
    CHONDROITIN SULFATE FROM CARTILAGE.  J.
    Biol. Chem., 1950, 185: 725-730.  12 refs.
    Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 2,  1951,
    4: No. 3343.
7it2£HlJ'   HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF MUCOPOLY-
 SACCHARIDES IN VARIOUS NORMAL TISSUES
946
  Gribaam,
                   VARIOUS NORMAL TISSUES"
    Bull. Internat. Ass. M. Mus., Montreal,
    1948, No. 28, 104-117.  25 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1950,
    24: No. 4251.

947
  Hass, G. M.  CARTILAGE.  IV. A MORPHOLOGIC
    AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF AGING HUMAN COSTAL
    CARTILAGE.  Arch. Path., Chic., 1943, 35:
    275-284.  4 refs.  Abstracted in: ChemT"
    Abstr., 1943, 37: 31429.  "The amount of
    chondroitinsulTuric acid in cartilage in-
    creases until the fourth decade of life
    and then decreases.  The decrease is cor-
    related with the beginning of the deposi-
    tion of calcium.  It is suggested that
    calcification of cartilage is caused by
    failure of the mechanism responsible for
    the maintenance of the intracellular ma-
    trix." - Chem. Abstr.

948
  Hisamura, H.  BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON CARBOHY-
    DRATES.  XXXVII. ON THE CARBOHYDRATES MOIETY
    OF CH0NDROMUC0ID.  J. Biochem., Tokyo, 1938,
    28: 217-226.  5 refs.
949
Layton, L. L., Denko, C. W., Scapa, S. and
  Frankel, D. R.  INFLUENCE OF AGE UPON CHON-
  DROITIN SULFATE SYNTHESIS BY THE TISSUES OF
  NORMAL DBA MICE.  Cancer, Phila., 1952, 5:
  405.  2 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
  Bait., 1952, 26: No. 18458.
950
Lecoq, R. and Champeau, M.-F.  MODIFICATIONS
  HISTOLOGIQUES ET HISTOCHIMIQUES OSSEUSES DES
  RATS ET DES COBAYES SOUMIS A DIFFERENTS
  REGIMES RACHITIGENES.  C. rend. Soc. biol.,
  1947, 141: 995-996.  1 ref.  A study of
  chondroitin sulphuric acid in rats and
  guinea pigs with experimental rickets in-
  dicated a change in the composition of
  cartilage before the appearance of bone
  lesions.  A phosphorus-phosphatase transfer
  between blood and bone was also noted:
  serum phosphorus decreased while bone phos-
  phorus increased, bone phosphatase decreased
  and serum phosphatase increased.
951
Levey, S. and Sheinfeld, S.  STUDIES ON THE
  REMOVAL OF PROTEIN FROM CHONDROITIN SULFATE,
  J.  Michigan M. Soc, 1951, 50: 1028-1030.
  8 refs.
952
Loewi, G.  CHANGES IN THE GROUND SUBSTANCE OF
  AGING CARTILAGE.  J. Path. Bact., Lond.,
  1953, 65: 381-388.  15 refs.  Human costal
  cartilage was studied.  "The content of
  chondroitin and its degree of polymerisation
  have been found to be inversely proportional
  to age.  It is suggested that depolymerisa-
  tion of chondroitin, by increasing the num-
  ber of side chains available for acceptance
  of calcium ions, may be one of the factors
  involved in the calcification of cartilage."
953
  Mathews, M. B.  CHONDROITINSULFURIC ACID -
    A LINEAR POLYELECTROLYTE.  Arch. Biochem.
    N. Y., 1953, 43: 181-193.  26 refs.
954
  Matthews  B  F.  COLLAGEN CHONDROITIN SULFATE
    RATIO OF HUMAN ARTICULAR CARTILAGE RELATED
    TO FUNCTION.  Brit. M. J., 1952, 2: 1295.
    Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 1, 1953,
    7: No. 2133.  "The ratio in weight-bearing
    cartilage was much smaller than in non-
    weight -bearing cartilage.

955
  Meyer,  A.   THE PRESENCE OF CHONDROITINSULFURIC
    ACID IN THE CARTILAGE IN SCURVY.  Internat.
    Zschr. Vitaminforsch.,  Bern,  1944,  14:  332-
    339.   4 refs.  Abstracted in:  Chem."Abstr.,
    1947, 41:  2797a.

956
  Meyer,  K.  and Rapport,  M. M.   THE HYDROLYSIS
    OF CHONDROITIN SULFATE  BY TESTICULAR HYAL-
    URONIDASE.   Arch. Biochem.,  N. Y.,  1950,
    27: 287-293.   15 refs.

957
  Meyer,  K.  and Smyth, E. M.   ON GLYCOPROTEINS.
    VI. THE PREPARATION OF  CHONDROITINSULFURIC
    ACID.  J.  Biol.  Chem.,  1937,  119:  507-510.
    6 refs.   Analytical data are given  for  the
    acid  calcium salt of  chondroitin sulfuric
    acid  prepared by this method.   The  major
    portion of  the cartilage is  a protein salt
    of chondroitin sulfuric acid.

958
  Meyer,  K.  H. ,  Odier, M. E.  and  Siegrist,  A. E.
    CONSTITUTION DE  L'ACIDE CHONDROITINESUL-
    FURIQUE. ' Helvet. chim. acta,  1948,  31:
    1400-1419.   55 refs.
959
Miller, Z.  B.,  Waldman,  J.  and  McLean,  F.  C.
  THE EFFECT OF DYES ON THE CALCIFICATION  OF
  HYPERTROPHIC  RACHITIC CARTILAGE IN VITRO.
  J. Exp. M., 1952,  95:  497-508.   33 refs.
  Abstracted in: Biol.  Abstr.,  Bait.,  1952,
  26: No. 25193; Chem.  Abstr.,  1952, 46:
  T0"383e.  "Rachitic cartilage  slices  which
  no longer calcify  in  inorganic  phosphate
  as a result of treatment with  basic dyes
  show normal calcification in  the presence
  of organic phosphate  esters.   These  re-
  sults are discussed in terms  of the  pos-
  sibility that chondroitin sulfate ester
  participates  in normal calcification."
960
  Miyazaki, T.  BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON CARBO-
    HYDRATES.  V. A MICRO METHOD FOR QUANTITA-
    TIVE ESTIMATION OF CHONDROITINSULFURIC ACID
    IN CARTILAGE.  J. Biochem.,  Tokyo, 1934,
    20: 211-222.  10 refs.  Abstracted in:
    CHem. Abstr., 1935, 29: llll7.   Results ob-
    tained by use of this technique are also
    presented.
961
Miyazaki, T.   BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON CARBO-
  HYDRATES.  VI.  DETERMINATION OF CHONDROITIN-
  SULFURIC ACID IN CARTILAGE AND BONE.   J.
  Biochem., Tokyo, 1934,  20; 223-231.  3 refs.
  Abstracted in:  Chem.  Abstr., 1935, 29:
  llll7.  The distribution of chondroTTinsul-
  furic acid in various parts and kinds of
  cartilage,  its  variation of content along
  with growth and its appearance in bones in
  cases of rickets are  described.
962
Partridge, S. M.   THE CHEMISTRY OF CONNECTIVE
  TISSUES.  I. THE STATE OF COMBINATION OF
  CHONDROITIN SULPHATE IN CARTILAGE.  Biochem.
  J., Lond., 1948, 43: 387-397.  24 refs.  Ab-
  stracted in: Chem.  Abstr., 1949, 43: 3910h;
  Ber. ges. Physiol., 1951, 144: 1757 Findings
  suggest that chondroitin sulphate has an
  important role in the organization of col-
  lagen in developing connective tissue. 
54
GLYCOPROTEINS AND MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES OF BONE
  AND CARTILAGE - CHONDROITIN SULFATE (Continued)

963
  Rubin, P. S. and Howard, J. E.  HISTOCHEMICAL
    STUDIES ON THE ROLE OF ACID MUCO-POLYSAC-
    CHARIDES  IN CALCIFIABILITY AND CALCIFICATION.
    Tr. Conf. Metab. Interrelat., 1950, 2.meet.,
    155-166.  13 refs.  The studies are inter-
    preted as indicating competition of the ca-
    tions for a specific substrate in cartilage
    matrix, - chondroitin sulfuric acid.

964
  Sadhu, D. P.  STUDIES ON THE NUTRITIONAL SIG-
    NIFICANCE OF LACTOSE.  III. ASCORBIC ACID
    AND TRANSGLYCOSIDATION.  Ind. J. Physiol.,
    1952, 6: 49-53.  12 refs.  "Changes in brain
    chemisTry and in Itin-sulphate distribution
    [in skin and in the long bones] in scurvy
    lead to the idea that ascorbic acid must
    have a definite role in the transglycosida-
    tion process."

965
  Sobel, A. E. and Burger, M.  CALCIFICATION.
    XIV. INVESTIGATION OF THE ROLE OF CHON-
    DROITIN SULFATE IN THE CALCIFYING MECHANISM.
    17p.  Office of Naval Research, Washington,
    Technical Report Nr 180 025, Jan. 1954.  16
    refs .

966
  Sylven, B.  CARTILAGE AND CHONDROITIN SUL-
    PHATE.  I. THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE OF CHON-
    DROITIN SULPHATE IN CARTILAGE.  J.  Bone
    Surg., 1947, 29: 745-752.  52 refs.   Ab-
    stracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 5, 1949,
    2: No. 266.
See:
65
929
66
120
121
122
 GLYCOPROTEINS AND MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES OF TISSUES
   OTHER THAN BONE AND CARTILAGE

 967
   Brux, J. de and du Boistesselin, R.  MODIFI-
    CATIONS HISTOLOGIQUES ET HISTOCHIMIQUES DU
    t;ssu CONJONCTIF SOUS L'influence de dif-
    FERENTES ACTIONS HORMONALES.  Presse med.,
    1953, 61: 600-602.  34 refs.

968
   Day, T. D.  THE NATURE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
    CEMENTING SUBSTANCE IN INTERSTITIAL CON-
    NECTIVE TISSUE.  J. Path. Bact.,  Lond., 1947,
    59: 567-573.  2 pi.  6 refs.

 969
   Duran-Reynals, F., ed.  THE GROUND SUBSTANCE
    OF THE MESENCHYME AND HYALURONIDASE.  Ann.
    N. York Acad. Sc., 1950, 52:  Art. 7, 943-
    1196.  A series of papers presented at a
    Conference on The Ground Substance of the
    Mesenchyme and Hyaluronidase  held by the
    Section of Biology of The New York Academy
    of Sciences on December 3 and 4,  1948.
 970
   Gersh, I. and Catchpole, H. R.   THE ORGANIZA-
    TION OF GROUND SUBSTANCE AND BASEMENT MEM-
    BRANE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN TISSUE INJURY,
    DISEASE AND GROWTH.  Am. J. Anat., 1949, 85:
    457-521.  7 pi. 82 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1953, 27: No. 27809.
971
Mancini, R. E. and Sacerdote De Lustig, E.
  ACCION DE LA DESOXICORTICOSTERONA Y CORTI-
  SONA SOBRE LAS MUCOPROTEINAS DE LOS FIBRO-
  BLASTOS IN VITRO.  Rev. Soc. argent, biol.,
  1951, 27: 86-94.  22 refs.
972
Meyer, K.  THE BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF
  HYALURONIC ACID AND HYALURONIDASE.  Physiol
  Rev., 1947, 27: 335-359.  87 refs.
973
Meyer  K   THE CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF MUCO-
  roLYS^CH^DErAND GLYCOPROTEINS   Sympos.
  Quant. Biol., 1938, 6: 91-102.   49 refs.
974
Meyer, K.  CHEMISTRY OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE,
  POLYSACCHARIDES.   Tr. Conf  C°nneC^V® fs
  Tissues,  (1950)  1951, 1:  88-100   10 refs.
  Abstracted in:  Chem. Abstr.,  195J, ±±-
  5515b.
975
Meyer, K.  MUCOIDS AND GLYCOPROTEINS   Advance
  Protein Chem.,  1945, 2:  249-273.   Approx.
  110 refs.
976
  Meyer, K. and Rapport, M. M.  THE MUCOPOLY-
    SACCHARIDES OF THE GROUND SUBSTANCE OF CON-
    NECTIVE TISSUE.  Science, 1951, 113:  596-
    599.  21 refs.

977
  Ogston, A. G. and Stanier, J. E.  COMPOSITION
    AND PROPERTIES OF HYALURONIC ACID  COMPLEX
    OF OX SYNOVIAL FLUID.  Discuss. Faraday  Soc,
    1953, No.  13, 275-287.  pi. 21 refs.  Dis-
    cussion: p. 281-287.

978
  Orr, S. F. D.   INFRA-RED SPECTROSCOPIC  STUDIES
    OF SOME POLYSACCHARIDES.  Biochem. biophys.
    acta, Amst.,  1954,  14: 173-181.  27 refs.

979
  Persson, B.  H.  STUDIES ON CONNECTIVE TISSUE
    GROUND SUBSTANCE.   I. HISTOCHEMICAL FEA-
    TURES OF GROUND SUBSTANCE MUCOPOLYSAC-
    CHARIDES.  II. ORGANIZATION OF THE GROUND
    SUBSTANCE  IN ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY AND
    ITS MODIFICATION BY THE ACTION OF  CORTI-
    SONE.  Acta Soc med. upsal., 1953, 58:
    Suppl. 2.  106p.  7 pi.  189 refs. Ab-
    stracted in: Excerpta med., Sect.  1,  1954,
    8: No. 976.

980
  Rudall, K. M.  FUNDAMENTAL STRUCTURES IN BIO-
    LOGICAL SYSTEMS.  Prog. Biophys.,  1950,  1:
    39-72.  6  pi.  36 refs.  Contents: Poly-
    peptides and proteins. - Polysaccharides.
    - Polynucleotides.

See:

  585

GLYCOPROTEINS AND MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES  OF  TISSUES
  OTHER THAN BONE AND CARTILAGE - CHONDROITIN
  SULFATE
981
FUrth, O., Bruno, T., Boyer, R. and Peschek, C,
  ZUR KENNTNIS DER CHONDROITINSCHWEFELSAURE.
  I.  Biochem. Zschr., 1937, 294: 153-173.
  Approx. 18 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.
  Abstr., 1938, 32: 12894.
982
  Hisamura, H.  BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES  ON  CARBO-
    HYDRATES. XXXVI. A CRITIQUE ON PREPARATION
    METHODS OF CHONDROITINSULFURIC ACID FROM
    THE VIEWPOINT OF THE MOLISCH REACTION.
    Biochem. J. Tokyo, 1938,  28: 141-148.   n
    refs .
983
  Layton, L. L.  EFFECT OF CORTISONE UPON
    CHONDROITIN SULFATE SYNTHESIS BY ANIMAL TIS-
    SUES.  Proc Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1951,
    76: 596-598.  9 refs.
984
  Meyer, K. , Palmer, J. W. and Smyth, E. M    on
    GLYCOPROTEINS.  V. PROTEIN COMPLEXES OF
    CHONDROITINSULFURIC ACID.  J. Biol. Chem
    1937, 119: 501-507.  16 refs.
See:

  588
589 
55
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

  see also HORMONAL INFLUENCE - ADRENAL CORTEX
  - PARATHYROID, - PITUITARY, - SEX HORMONES,  '
  MALE, and - THYROID; MECHANICAL INFLUENCE-
  NEURAL INFLUENCE; NUTRITIONAL INFLUENCE -'MIN-
  ERAL, and - PROTEIN; SALIVARY GLANDS - INFLU-
  ENCE; TISSUE CULTURE; TISSUE TRANSPLANTS-
  VITAMIN INFLUENCE - VITAMIN A, - VITAMIN'b
  and - VITAMIN D                            '
985
  Aries, L. J.  EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE
    GROWTH PATTERN AND RATES OF APPOSITIONAL AND
    LONGITUDINAL GROWTH  IN THE RAT FEMUR.  Surg.
    Gyn. Obst., 1941, 72: 679-689.   23 refs.

986
 ♦Augier, M.   SQUELETTE  CEPHALIQUE.  IN: TRAITE
    D'ANATOMIE HUMAINE.   (Nicolas. A.—ed.)
    586p.  Paris, Masson et Cie,  1931, Tome 1,
    fasc. 1.   Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait
    1934, 8:  No. 14390.

987
  Bauer, G. C. H.  THE IMPORTANCE OF BONE GROWTH
    AS A FACTOR IN THE REDISTRIBUTION OF BONE
    SALT.  I.  REDISTRIBUTION OF RADIO-ACTIVE
    CALCIUM IN THE SKELETON OF RATS. J. Bone
    Surg., 1954, 36A: 375-380.  10 refs.  "Young
    rats were  killed at  vrrying time intervals
    after the  administration r* radio-active cal-
    cium (Ca*">) .  xhe specific activities of
    radio-active calcium were determined for
    various parts of the skeleton.   It was found
    that the  ratio of the specific activities of
    diaphyseal bone  to that of epiphyseal bone
    rose continually from a value below unity to
    a value above unity  over an interval of as
    long as sixty-seven  days between the adminis-
    tration of the radio-active calcium and the
    death of  the animals.  This means that during
    this time  no state of equilibrium was reached
    between different parts of the skeleton and
    body fluid with  respect to the distribution of
    radio-active calcium.  It was further shown
    that the  redistribution of radio-active cal-
    cium in different parts of the skeleton varied
    with the  rate of growth of these parts."

988
  Bauer, G. C. H.  THE IMPORTANCE OF BONE
    GROWTH AS  A FACTOR IN THE REDISTRIBUTION OF
    BONE SALT.  II.  REDISTRIBUTION OF RADIO-
    ACTIVE PHOSPHORUS IN THE SKELETON OF RATS.
    J. Bone Surg., 1954,  36A: 381-386.  12
    refs.  Conclusions:  "The redistribution of
    bone salt  in different parts of  the skele-
    ton varies with  the  rate of growth of these
    parts.  Compared to  skeletal growth, ionic
    exchange and recrystallization are of mi-
    nor importance in redistribution.  Parts of
    the skeleton which differ in rate of growth
    can thus never reach  equilibrium with re-
    spect to the distribution of radio-active
    calcium after administration of  these iso-
    topes ."

989
  Bergmann,  E.  UBER DAS LANGENWACHSTUM DER
    KNOCHEN.   Deut.  Zschr. Chir.,  1931,  233:
    149-194.   References, p.  193-194.

990
  Bevelander,  G. and Johnson, P. L.  A HISTO-
    CHEMICAL STUDY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEM-
    BRANE BONE.  Anat. Rec,  1950, 108:  1-21.
    38 refs.   Abstracted  in:  Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait.,  1951, 25:  No.  14038;  Chem. Abstr.,
    1952,  46:  8743*""";  Excerpta med.,   Sect. 1,
    1951,  57  No. 508.
992
Bisgard, J. D. and Bisgard, M. E.
  NAL GROWTH OF LONG BONES.  Arch,
991
Bick, E. M. and Copel, J. W.  LONGITUDINAL
  GROWTH OF THE HUMAN VERTEBRA.  A CONTRIBU-
  TION TO HUMAN OSTEOGENESIS.  J. Bone Surg.,
  1950, 32A: 803-814.  23 refs.  Abstracted
  in: Excerpta med., Sect. 9, 1952, 6: No.
  638.
                                      L0NGITUDI-
                                      Surg.,
     1935,  31^:  568-578.   12  refs.
 993
   Blechschmidt, E.  DIE  FRUHEMBRYONALE  STRUKTUR-
     ENTWICKLUNG DER GLIEDMASSEN.   ENTWICKLUNG
     DER  EXTREMITATEN  BEIM MENSCHEN.   TEIL III.
     Zschr.  Anat.  Entw.,  1950-1951,  115:  617-657.
     15 refs.
 994
   Boeminghaus, H.  UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER  DIE
     BEEINFLUSSBARKEIT DES  KNOCHENWACHSTUM UND
     DER  KNOCHENREGENERATION.   Deut.  Zschr.
     Chir.,  1932-1933, 238:  684-704.   Approx.
     55 refs.
 995
   Brash, J. C. SOME  PROBLEMS IN THE GROWTH AND
     DEVELOPMENTAL MECHANICS OF BONE. Edinburgh
     M.  J.,  n.s. 1934, 41:  305-319;  363-386.  44
     refs.
 996
   Chapchal, G. and Zeldenrust,  J.  PROEFNEMINGEN
     TER  HEVORDERING VAN  DEN LENGTEGROEI  DER
     LANGE  PIJPBEENDEREN  DOOR  PRIKKELING  DER
     GROEISCHIJVEN.  Ned. tschr.  geneesk.,  1946,
     90:  249-253.   2 pi.
 997
   Charles,  S.  W.  MADDER EXPERIMENTS AND THE
     GROWTH OF  BONE.   J.  Anat.,  Lond., 1941-
     1942,  76:  227.
 998
   Cocchi, U.   VERGLEICHEND-ANATOMISCHE STUDIE
     ZUR  FRAGE  DER SKELETTREIFUNG.  Fortsch.
     ROntgenstrahl., 1949, 72: 32-47.  27  refs.
     Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect.  1,
     1950, 4: No.  1554.
 999
   Cohen, J. NORMAL VARIATION OF THE COSTO-
     CHONDRAL JUNCTION.   Arch. Path., Chic,
     1948,  45:  246-258.   16  refs.
 1000
   Cotellessa,  G.  and  De  Maestri, A.  STUDIO
     ANALITICO  DELL'ACCRESCIMENTO DELLE OSSA
     LUNGHE.  Minerva  pediat., Tor.,  1951, 3:  79-
     82.
 1001
   Coventry, M. B., Ghormley,  R.  K. and Kernohan,
     J. W.   THE INTERVERTEBRAL DISC:  ITS  MICRO-
     SCOPIC ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY.  PART  I.
     ANATOMY, DEVELOPMENT AND  PHYSIOLOGY.  J.
     Bone Surg., 1945, 27: 105-112.   26 refs.
 1002                 —
   Cretin, A.   CONTRIBUTION HISTOCHIMIQUE A
     L'ETUDE DE L'OSSIFICATION ET DE  L'ALLONGE-
     MENT OSSEUX.  Arch,  anat., Strasb.,  1952,
     34:  149-156.  Differentiation of bone
     Types,  discussion of the  role of the mus-
     cles and myoglobulin iron in early ossifi-
     cation  and description of the growth  and
     development of the long bones.
 1003
   Cuveland, E.  F.  de.   EIN BEITRAG ZUR FRAGE DER
     ENTSTEHUNG DER FEMURTORQUIERUNG  IM INTRA-
     UTERINEN LEBEN.  Arch,  orthop. Unfallchir ,
     1950, 44:   213-223.  29 refs.

1004
   Danini, E. S.  0 FAKTORAKH OKOSTENENIA.  [OS-
     SIFICATION FACTORS 1  Usp.  sovrem. biol.,
     1946, 21:   235-248.  57 refs.  The author
     reviews the literature and draws the fol-
     lowing conclusions.  Cambium cells of con-
     nective tissue in different vertebrates
    may be  transformed into skeletogenic cells.
     Such transformation may represent an atypi-
    cal determination process.  It is caused by
     factors basically chemical in nature and
    possibly connected with chronic inflamma-
    tory phenomena in the area of neoformation.
    Mechanical  impulses play a secondary role.
    The possibility is not ruled out that cer-
    tain  intratissular changes such as altera-
    tion  in tissue turgor,  tension, etc. are
    involved. 
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT  (Continued)
1005
  Debrunner, H. and Petri, C.  STUDIEN ZUR
    ENTWICKLUNG DES MENSCHLICHE SKELETS.  I.
    Allgemeine Zeile.  Zschr. Orthop., 1939, 70:
    25-38.  18 refs.                          —

1006
  Depreux,  F.  POUSSEES ET CRISES DE CROISSANCE
    DE L'HUMERUS ET DU FEMUR FOETAUX.  ETUDE
COMPARATIVE.  Bull,
1951, 2: 182-188.
Soc. anthrop.,  Par.,
 1007
   Dodds, G. S.  THE LIFE HISTORY OF A BONE.
     Proc. W. Virginia Acad. Sc.,  (1936) 1937,
     10: 39.  Abstract of a review on bone
     growth and development.  Many of the ob-
     servations presented have been previously
     published.

 1008
  ♦Felts, W. J.  THE PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE
     HUMAN FEMUR.  108p.  Ann Arbor, 1952.
     (Diss.-Univ. Mich.).  Abstracted in: Biol.
     Abstr., Bait., 1953, 27: No.  9956.

 1009
   Follis, R. H., Jr.  and park, E.  A.   SOME  OB-
     SERVATIONS ON BONE GROWTH WITH PARTICULAR
     RESPECT TO ZONES  AND TRANSVERSE LINES OF
     INCREASED DENSITY IN THE METAPHYSIS. Am.
     J.  Roentg., 1952, 68: 709-724.   21 refs.
     Includes both clinical and experimental
     observations of zones of increased density
     in  the metaphysis during disturbance of
     bone formation.  The analysis  brings out
     the independence  of chondrogenic  and
     osteogenic activities from osteogenic and
     osteolytic functions.

 1010
   Fontaine,  R.   L'IDENTIFICATION DES OS.
    METHODE HISTOLOGIQUE.   Union med.  Canada,
    1935,  64:  1214-1218.

 1011
   Franceschini,  M  ACCRESCIMENTO CORPOREO DEL
    FETO E NEONATO UMANO ED ATTIVITA PROLIFERA-
    TIVA DELLE CARTILAGINI  DI CONIUGAZIONE DELLE
    OSSA LUNGHE DEGLI ARTI;  NOTA PREVENTIVA.
    Minerva gin.,  Tor.,  1953,  5: 49-51.   14
    refs.   It  is concluded thaT "a  close rela-
    tionship exists between the height of the
    seried columns of epiphyseal cartilage of
    the long bones...,  on the one  hand,  and  the
    proliferative activity,  rhythm  of  statural
    growth,  and elongation of  the  extremities
    on  the other."

 1012
   Fridenshtein,  A.  Ya.   K GISTOGENEZU  OSNOVNYKH
    KOSTEI VISTSERAL'NOGO SKELETA MLEKOPITAIU-
    SHCHIKH I  PTITS.   [HISTOGENESIS OF THE BASIC
    BONES  OF THE VISCERAL SKELETON  OF  MAMMALS
    AND BIRDS]   Doklady  Akad. nauk  SSSR,  1950,
    71:  159-161.   10  refs.   Rat and chick
    embryos  as well as  rats  and chickens were
    used  in  the  experiment.  A study of  the
    peculiarities  of  the  visceral skeleton as
    manifested  by  its basic  bones was  made.
    Findings gave  evidence  of a special  mechanism
    of  periostal ossification which is common to
    all  bones  of  the  visceral skeleton.
 1013
  Gardner, E.  and  Gray,  D.  J.  PRENATAL  DEVELOP-
    MENT OF  THE  HUMAN SHOULDER AND ACROMIOCLAVI-
    CULAR  JOINTS.  Am.  J. Anat., 1953,  92: 219-
    276.   9  pi.  34 refs.   A study of  65 human
    embryos  and  fetuses  ranging from 12  to 370mm
    in crown-rump  length.  The skeleton  elements
    are described  at  the  various stages  of de-
    velopment; at  22mm,  their general  form resem-
    bles that  of the  adult.

1014
  Geller, S.  PHYSIOLOGIE DE LA CROISSANCE
    OSSEUSE.  France mSd., 1953,  16: No. 6,   26-
    32.
 1015
   Haines,  R.  W.   CARTILAGE  CANALS.   J.  Anat.,
     Lond.,  1933,  68:  45-64.   13  refs.   Ab-
     stracted  in:  BTol. Abstr., Bait.,  1934,  8:
     No.  16550.

 1016                                         _m
   Haines, R.  W.   THE  EVOLUTION OF EPIPHYSES  AND
     OF ENDOCHONDRAL BONE.   Biol. Rev. Cambridge
     Philos. Soc,  1942,  17:  267-292.  76  refs.

 1017
   Hansard, S. L.,  Comar, C.  L. and Plumlee,
     M. P.  EFFECT OF  CALCIUM STATUS, MASS OF
     CALCIUM ADMINISTERED AND AGE ON CA-45 ME-
     TABOLISM  IN THE RAT.  Proc. Soc. Exp.
     Biol., N. Y. ,  1951,  78:  455-460.  11  refs.
     Abstracted in: Excerpta  med., Sect. 2,
     1952, 5:  No.  5301.   "Ca-45 introduced into
     the  extracellular fluid  is rapidly  exchanged
     with the  Ca of bone  and  practically all  the
     Ca-45 originally  present in the serum is
     recovered in  the  bone.   At equilibrium,
     about 72  hours after oral ingestion,  the
     specific  activity of the bone is close to
     that of the serum....  The bone retains
     more Ca the more  abundant this is in  the
     digestive tract:  the concentration  of Ca-45
     in the bone per unit absorbed is an index
     of the exchange potential of the bone.
     Where the bone takes up  much Ca-45, the
     excreta contain a higher  ratio of stable to
     radioactive Ca as a result of exchanges
     which have occurred in bone.  Young rats
     absorb more Ca-45 than adults." - Excerpta
    med.
 1018
  Harris, H. A.  BONE GROWTH  IN HEALTH AND DIS-
    EASE; THE BIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING
    THE CLINICAL, RADIOLOGICAL,  NAD HISTOLOGICAL
    DIAGNOSIS OF PERVERSIONS  OF GROWTH AND DIS-
    EASE IN THE SKELETON.  248p.  London,  Oxford
    University Press,  1933.   Bibliography:
    p. 233-239.
 1019
  Harris, H. A.  LINES OF ARRESTED GROWTH IN
    THE  LONG BONES IN CHILDHOOD;  THE CORRELA-
    TION OF HISTOLOGICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC AP-
    PEARANCES IN CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
    CONDITIONS.  Brit. J. Radiol.,  1931, 4:
    561-588.
 1020
  Hellstadius, A.  AN INVESTIGATION, BY EXPERI-
    MENTS ON ANIMALS,  OF THE  ROLE PLAYED BY  THE
    EPIPHYSIAL CARTILAGE IN LONGITUDINAL GROWTH.
    Acta chir. scand., 1947,  95:  156-166.   pi.
    5 refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med   Sect
    5, 1949, 2: No. 991;  Biol. Abstr ,  Bait
    1948, 22:  No.  8516.  "Thus longitudinal"
    growth~T5f diaphyses can  take place without
    epiphyseal cartilage."
 1021
  Hellstadius, A.  ON THE IMPORTANCE OF FDX
    PHYSEAL CARTILAGE TO GROWTH IN LENGTH
    Acta orthop.  scand.,  1950, 20-  84-88  '
    3 refs.   Abstracted in:  BioTT'Abstr '  Rait
    1951, 25:  No.  14029.   Further evince is ' '
    presented to support an earlier conclusion
    that longitudinal growth can occur in Ihe
    absence of epiphyseal cartilage.
1022
  Hoff,  M.   LES RAIES  TRANSVERSALES DES OS   50d
    Bourg,  Berthod, 1935.  (These-Lyon)    ol
    49 refs .                               H  ■
1023
  Holtzer,  H.   AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE
    DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPINAL COLUMN   II  DIS
    PENSABILJTY OF THE NOTOCHORD.  j[ Exp'. Zoo'l. ,
    1952, 121: 573-591.  35 refs.  Abstracted in-
    ExcerpT"Tmed. , Sect.  1,  1953, 7- No   1777
    A study made with Amblvstoma pUnctatum em-
    bryos.   Observations indicate that  the noto-
    chord is not essential for determination of
    the trunk pre-cartilage cells, chondrogenesis
    or the modeling of the vertebral arch.   It  is'
    thought that the  function of the notochord  is
    to restrict the A-P movements of the  pre-
    cartilage ce 
57
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT (Continued)
1024
 ♦Hunter, D.  THE METABOLISM OF BONE.  Cambridge
    Univ. M. Soc. Mag., 1935, 12: 115-132.  Ab-
    stracted in: Chem. Abstr. ,"~1936, 30: 5172.
    "Effects of variation in Ca, P ancTcalci-
    ferol intake, thyroxine, parathyroid ex-
    tracts and scurvy upon bone growth were
    followed by the madder method."  - Chem.
    Abstr.

1025
  Imber(, R. and Santamaria.  PREMIERS RESULTATS
    EXPERIMENTAUX CONCERNANT LA PHYSIOPATHOLOGIE
    DE L'APPAREIL DE CROISSANCE DES  OS LONGS.
    Bull. Soc. chir. Marseille, 1947, 20:  75-79.
    Abstracted  in: Excerpta  med., Sect.  5,  1950,
    3: No.  1312.

1026
  Ingalls,  T.  H.  EPIPHYSEAL GROWTH:  NORMAL
    SEQUENCE OF EVENTS AT THE EPIPHYSEAL PLATE.
    Endocrinology, 1941,  29: 710-719.   11  refs.
    Abstracted  in: Biol.  ABstr., Bait.,  1942,
    16:  No.  12616.  A  roentgenologic and his-
    tologic study made on the tibial epiphysis
    of  the  rat.

 1027
   Jasswoin, G.   DE  L'HISTOLOGIE COMPARATIVE DU
     SANG ET DU TISSU CONJONCTIF.   XII.  SUR
     L'ORIGINE  DE LA  SUBSTANCE FONDAMENTALE DE
     L'OS CHEZ  LES MAMMIFERES.   Arch. anat.
     micr.,  Par.,  1934,  30:  411-452.  pi.  43
     refs.
1028
  Johnson,  M.  L.  and  Grant,  M.  P.   THE HISTO-
    GENESIS OF THE CLAVICLE  IN  THE ALBINO RAT.
    Anat.  Rec,  1932, 54:  375-387.  2 pi.  22
    refs.   Abstracted Tn:  Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1934,  8: No.  9639.  "The clavicle develops
    as  a bone  of  dual origin.  The first osseous
    material to appear is  membrane bone which
    increases  in  amount and  within 3 days be-
    comes  indistinguishably  fused, first, with
    cartilage  bone forming at the sternal re-
    gion and then with replacement bone de-
    veloping at the acromial area.  The clavi-
    cle of the 7-day  rat shows  growing car-
    tilage at  both extremities, and it is
    clear  that its development  at this stage
    is  entirely dependent upon  periosteal and
    endochondral  ossification."

1029
  Kler   V   O   OBSHCHIE ZAKONOMERNOSTI TKANEVOI
    DIFERENTSIROVKI I REGENERATSII KOSTI.
    [GENERAL RULES COVERING TISSUE DIFFERENTIA-
    TION AND REGENERATION OF BONE]  Arch, russ.
    anat., 1939,  21:   299-326.  84 refs.  English
    summary, p. 3"37.   Abstracted  in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1940, 14: No.  10512.  Em-
    bryonic development o*F""the bone was studied
    in  the human foetus and rabbit embryos.
    Post-embryonic development was studied
    mainly in dogs and rabbits.

1030
  Korff, K  von.   UBER DIE WEIDENREICH'SCHE
    THEORIE VON ZWEI  VERSHCIEDENEN BILDUNGARTEN
    DER KNOCHEN- UND  DENTIN-GRUNDSUBSTANZ.
    Anat.  Anz., 1930-1931, 71:  65-76.   10 refs.
1031
  Kreuzer, O.  UEBER  WACHSTUM  UND FESTIGKEIT
    LANGER R5HRENKNOCHEN IM LAUFE DES  POST-
    EMBRYONALEN LEBENS; UNTERSUCHUNGEN AM OS
    FEMORIS VON CAVIA PORCELLUS L.  Arch.
    Entwmech., 1932,   126: 148-184.
1032
Krompecher, I.  DIE KNOCHENBILDUNG   150p.
  Jena, G. Fischer, 1937.  5 pi.  Approx.
  175 refs.
1034
  Lacroix,  P.  EXCITATION DE LA CROISSANCE EN
    LONGUEUR DU TIBIA PAR DECOLLEMENT DE SON
    pfeRIOSTE DIAPHYSAIRE.  Rev. orthop., Par.,
    1947, 33: 3-6.  17 refs.
1035
1033
Lacroix, P.  CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDE DE LA
  MALADIE EXPOSTOSANTE.  SUR LA MIGRATION DES
  EXOSTOSES AU COURS DE LA CROISSANCE.  Rev.
  orthop., Par., 1950, 36: 20-25.  2 refs.
  Lacroix,  P.   LE MODE DE CROISSANCE DU PERI-
    OS TE .   Arch,  biol., Par.,  1948,  59: 379-390.
    5 refs. Abstracted in:  Excerpta med.,  Sect.
    1, 1950, 4: No.  1565; Biol.  Abstr., Bait.,
    1949,  23:  No. 21335.

1036
  Lacroix,  P.   ORIGINE, STRUCTURE  ET VALEUR DE
    L'ENCOCHE  D'OSSIFICATION DE  RANVIER.  Bull.
    histol. appl., Lyon, 1949, 26:  159-169.  pi.
    10 refs.   Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,
    Sect.  1,  1950, 4:  No. 1932.

1037
  Lacroix,  P.   L'OS ET LES MfiCANISMES DE SA FOR-
    MATION; ETUDE MORPHOLOGIQUE.  J. physiol.,
    Par.,  1951, 43:  385-424.   Approx. 150 refs.

1038                             .
  Lacroix,  P.   REMARQUES SUR LE  MECANISME DE
    L'ALLONGEMENT DES OS.  Arch, biol., Par.,
    1945,  56:  185-197.  pi.  14  refs.

1039
  Lacroix,  P.   LE ROLE DU CARTILAGE DE CON-
    JUGAISON DANS L'ALLONGEMENT  DES OS.  Acta
    orthop. scand.,  1949, 18:  373-376.  3 refs.
    French, English and German summaries.  Ab-
    stracted in:  Excerpta med.,  Sect. 9,  1950,
    4: No.  1110.   "Hellstadius1s observations
    that growth occurs from the  diaphyseal  stump
    after amputation of the lower  end of the
    ulna have  been confirmed.  They are ac-
    counted for by growth processes which have
    been described previously, and they do  not
    effect our conception of the normal func-
    tion of the epiphyseal cartilage, which is
    directly and solely responsible for the
    growth in  length of the long bones."

1040
  Lacroix,  P.   SUR L'EVOLUTION DE  LA DIAPHYSE AU
    COURS DE LA CROISSANCE.  C.  rend. Soc.  biol.,
    1944,  138: 1026-1027.

1041
  Lacjoix, P.   SUR L'ORIGINE DE  LA VIROLE OSSEUSE
    PERICHONDRALE.  C.  rend. Soc.  biol., 1944,
    138: 1027-1028.   1  ref.

1042
  Langenskiold, A. and Edgren, W.   THE GROWTH
    MECHANISM  OF THE EPIPHYSEAL  CARTILAGE IN
    THE LIGHT  OF EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS.
    Acta orthop. scand., 1949, 19: 19-24.
    Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,  Sect. 1,
    1950,  4: No. 947.  Experimental defects
    were produced by X-ray irradiation in the
    epiphyseal cartilages of growing  rabbits.
    These, "first localized in the metaphysis
    moved  from there  into the diaphysis.  The
    authors see  in these experiments  a confir-
    mation of  their explanation of epiphyseal
    growth.  It  is suggested that in  certain
    layers of  the growing normal epiphyseal
    cartilage  a  transverse migration  of cells
    occurs, contributing to the longitudinal
    growth of  the osteogenic layer of the dia-
    physeal periosteum." - Excerpta  med.
1043
  Langenski»ld,  A. and Edgren,  W.   IMITATION OF
    CHONDRODYSPLASIA  BY LOCALIZED  ROENTGEN RAY
     INJURY - AN  EXPERIMENTAL STUDY  OF BONE
    GROWTH.  Acta chir.  scand., 1950, 99:  353-
     373.   pi.  22 refs.   This study confirms
     "Oilier's  belief  that  the foci  appearing
     in  the disease carrying his name arise by
     the persistence  of portions of  the epiphy-
     seal cartilage,  which are only  slowly  re-
     placed by  bone." 
58
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT (Continued)
1044
  Lichtwitz, A., Parlier, R.,  Thifiry, G. and
    Delaville, M.  R1STOPHYSIOLOGIE DE LA CROIS-
    SANCE.  Sem. h8p., Par., 1951, 27:  265-
    268.  37 refs.  Translation in:~Prensa med.
    argent., 1951, 38: 1475-1479.

1045
  Liosner, L.AD.  A CONTRIBUTION TO THE MORPHO-
    GENETIC ROLE OF THE SKELETON IN REGENERA-
    TION.  III.  Biull. eksp.  biol. med., 1940,
    9: 7-9.

1046
  Liosner, L. D.  ON THE MORPHOGENETIC R6LE OF
    THE SKELETON IN REGENERATION.  IV.   Biull.
    eksp. biol. med., 1940, 9:  215-218.

1047
  Lusted, L. B., Pickering, D.  E., Fisher, D.
    and Smyth, F. S.  GROWTH AND METABOLISM IN
    NORMAL AND THYROID-ABLATED INFANT RHESUS
    MONKEYS (MACACA MDLATTA).   V. RONTGENO-
    GRAPHIC FEATURES OF SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT IN
    NORMAL AND THYROID-ABLATED INFANT RHESUS
    MONKEYS  (MACACA MULATTA).  Am. J. Dis.
    Child., 1953, 86: 426-435.  10 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: CEem. Abstr., 1954, 48: 22081.

1048
  MacGowan, T.  J. B. A.  OSSIFICATION OF VERTE-
    BRAL BODY.   Lancet, Lond., 1939, 1: 258-259.
    10  refs.

 1049
   Maj,  G.  OSSERVAZIONI  SULL'ACCRESCIMENTO
    DELLA MANDIBOLA.   Boll. Soc.  ital.  biol.
    sper.,  1950, 26:  1110-1112.   2  refs.  Ab-
    stracted  in: Excerpta  med.,  Sect.  1,  1953,
    7:  No.  2062.

 1050
   Massler,  M.   POSTNATAL GROWTH  PATTERN OF  THE
    CRANIUM AS MEASURED BY VITAL INJECTIONS OF
    ALIZARINE RED S.   J. Dent. Res., 1944,  23:
     193.  An abstract.

 1051
   Miyashita, K.  [DIE HISTOLOGISCHE UNTERSUCHUNG
     UEBER DEN WACHSTUM DER RIPPENKNOCHENKNORPEL-
     GRENZE UND DER EPIPHYSENFUGENKNORPEL DER
     EINIGEN WICHTIGEN EXTREMITAETENROHRENKNOCHEN
     DES NORMALE MEERSCHWEINSCHENS]  Sei i kai M.
     J., 1935, 54: No. 2, 149-178.  3 pi.  17
     refs.  German summary, p.  1-4.

 1052
   Modell, W. and Noback, C. V.  HISTOGENESIS OF
     BONE IN THE GROWING ANTLER OF THE CERVIDAE.
     Am.  J. Anat., 1931, 49: 65-95.  4 pi.  14
     refs.  Abstracted in:  Biol.  Abstr., Bait.,
      1933, 7: No. 11935.

 1053
   MUller, W.  UBER DIE HEMMUNG DER EPIPHYSENVER-
     KNOCHERUNG  UNTER DEM EINFLUSS ABNORMER
     BELASTUNG.  Arch. klin. Chir., 1930, 162:
     484-488.  3 pi.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.
     Bait., 1932, 6: No. 8315.


 1054
   Murray, P. D. F.  BONES: A STUDY OF THE DE-
     VELOPMENT AND STRUCTURE OF THE VERTEBRATE
     SKELETON.   203p.  Cambridge, University
     Press, 1936.  References: p. 182-190.
     Reviewed in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1937,
     11: No. 9655; Nutrit.  Abstr., Aberdeen,
     1936-37, 6: No. 6004.

 1055
   Noback, C. R.  THE nEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY OF
     THE  HUMAN OSSEOUS SKELETON DURING  THE
     EMBRYONIC,  FETAL AND CIRCUMNATAL PERIODS.
     Anat. Rec, 1944, 88:  91-125.  4 pi.   53
     refs.  Abstracted In:  Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
     1944, 18: No. 10756.
1056                                    »m
  Noback, C. R.  SOME GROSS STRUCTURAL AND
    QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT^
    ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN EMBRYONIC FETAL AND
    CIRCUMNATAL SKELETON.  Anat. Rec, l943/ .
    87: 29-51.  2 pi.  44 refs.  Abstracted  in.
    BTol. Abstr., Bait., 1944, 18: No. 1057.

1057
  Noback, C. V. and Modell, W.  DIRECT BONE  FOR-
    MATION IN THE ANTLER TINES OF TWO OF THE
    AMERICAN CERVIDAE, VIRGINIA DEER (ODOCOILEUS
    VIRGINIANUS) AND WAPITI (CERVUS CANADENSIS)
    WITH AN INTRODUCTION ON THE GROSS STRUCTURE
    OF ANTLERS.  Zoologica, N. Y., 1930, 11:
    19-60.  20 refs.  "Fibroblasts from th"e  un-
    differentiated connective tissue cap lay
    down the ossifiable fibrillar framework
    while the osteoblasts from the periphery
    seem to complete the process of ossifica-
    tion.  The presence of fibrils in the
    matrix surrounding the fibroblasts and ab-
    sence of cartilage during the entire pro-
    cess of growth leads us to conclude that
    the antler is a form of membranous bone."

1058
  Nove-Josserand.  SUR LE ROLE DES CARTILAGES
    DE CONJUGAISON DANS LA CROISSANCE DES OS.
    Lyon chir., 1936, 33: 684-688.  Descrip-
    tions of X-rays of clinical subjects are
    used to support the thesis that the epi-
    physeal cartilage plays .no role in growth
    of long bones.

1059
  Okada, M. and Mimura, T.  ZUR PHYSIOLOGIE  UND
    PHARMAKOLOGIE DER HARTGEWEBE.  IV. MITTEILUNG:
    TAGES-RHYTHMUS IN DER KNOCHENLAMELLENBILDUNG.
    Jap. J. M. Sc, Pharm., 1940, 13: Proc.  95-
    97.                           —

1060
  Park, E. A.  SOME OBSERVATIONS ON BONE GROWTH.
    Washington Univ. M. Alumni Q., 1950, 13:
    112-121.                             —

1061
  Payton, C. G.  THE GROWTH OF THE PELVIS IN
    THE MADDER-FED PIG.  J. Anat., Lond.,
    1935, 69: 326-343.  5 refs.  Abstracted  in:
    Biol. ABstr., Bait., 1935, 9: No. 19840,

1062
  Peacock, A.  OBSERVATIONS ON THE PRE-NATAL
    DEVELOPMENT OF THE  INTERVERTEBRAL DISC  IN
    MAN.  J. Anat., Lond., 1951, 85: 260-274
    4  pi.   47  refs.  Abstracted in7 Excerpta
    med., Sect.  1, 1952, 6: No. 91; Biol
    Abstr., Bait., 1951, *25:  No. 36906   '
1063
  Poletti,  H.   SOBRE  LA DISPOSICI6N DEL RETlCULO
    EN LA OSIFICACION ENCONDRAL.   Arch  Soc
    biol.,  Montevideo,  1948-1949,  15-  2S-2q'  n
    ief!950AbfrKCte? in:  E—Pta^Sed ? sect  '
    1, 1950,  4:  No.  1595.   In sections of the
    long bones of the human fetus  studies were
    made of the distribution of silver iL!!!
    nated reticular  fibers in L^ ,  ]  ?reg"
    sification.          S ln end°chondral os-

1064
  Policard, A.  \ PROPOS DES MECANISMES r>F t«

    2SIS4frcEA^SEUSE-  P-ssfmedT^SO.is.
    345-348.   A description of the processes^,
    b?^i  I   fr01 fetal life through late
    childhood directed to the clinician and th*
    surgeon rather than the histologist .     he


1065
  Policard, A   L'APPAREIL DE CROISSANCE  DES n<=
    LONGS; SES MECHANISMES A L'ETAT NORMAL  ET
    PATHOLOGIQUE.  216p.  Paris, Masson et  cie
    1941.  Index Bibliographique:  p.  205-210.  ' 
59
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT  (Continued)
1066
  Policard, A.  QUELQUES REMARQUES A PROPOS DU
    FONCTIONNEMENT DU CARTILAGE DE CONJUGAISON
    DES OS LONGS.  Lyon chir., 1936, 33: 617-
    625.  A discussion of the role of-the
    epiphyseal cartilage in the growth of  the
    long bones, addressed to surgeons.

1067
  Policard, A.^ SUR LES TYPES D'OSSIFICATION AU
    COURS DU DEVELOPPEMENT DES OS LONGS CHEZ
    LES OISEAUX.  C. rend. Soc. biol., 1941,
    135: 963-965.  In young chickens radiologi-
    cal and histological studies were  made of
    the developing leg bones.  Three types of
    ossification were studied: periosteal,
    endochondral and intramedullary.

1068
  Pond, S. E.  FLUCTUATIONS IN THE COMPOSITION
    AND STRUCTURE OF BONE AND THEIR BEARING ON
    ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION.  Anat.  Rec,
    1933, 57:  Suppl. 64.  An abstract. Ab-
    stractec"  in: Chem. Abstr., 1935, 29.: 22126;
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1933-34, 3:  No.
    4336.

1069
  Poulhes, J.  and Gay, R.  ETUDE ANATOMORADIO-
    LOGIQUE DE L'OSSIFICATION NORMALE  DE LA
    HANCHE DE  LA NAISSANCE A 18 MOIS;  D'APRES
    500 OBSERVATIONS.  C. rend. Ass. anat.,
    (1950) 1951, 37: 409-417.  Descriptions
    based on  radiologic studies of the de-
    velopment  and ossification of the  infant
    hip, including the upper femur.

1070
  Pritchard,  J. J.  PRINCIPLES OF GROWTH AND
    REPAIR IN  MEMBRANE BONES.  J. Anat., Lond.,
    1946, 80:  218.

1071
  Reiter, A.   DIE FRUHENTWICKLUNG DER  MENSCH-
    LICHEN WIRBELSSULE.  III. MITTEILUNG:  DIE
    ENTWICKLUNG DER LUMBAL-SACRAL-UND  COCCYGEAL-
    WIRBELSAULE.  Zschr. Anat. Entw.,  1944, 113:
    204-227.   30 refs.

1072
  Robb, R. and Clarke, J.  GROWTH OF BONE  SHAFTS
    IN THE HUMAN FETUS.  Proc Soc. Exp. Biol.,
    N. Y., 1934, 31: 634-636.  5 refs. Abstracted
    in: Biol.  Abstr., Bait., 1935, 9:  No.  6001.

1073
  Roche, A., Roche, J. and Marcelet, Y.  RE-
    CHERCHES  SUR L'OSSIFICATION.  IV.  OSSIFICA-
    TION DES OS PLATS, ETAPES Dy QEVELOPPEMENT
    DU SQUELETTE ET BIOCHIMIE GENERALE DU  SYS-
    TEME OSSEUX.  Bull. Soc. chim. biol.,  Par.,
    1938, 20:  705-719.  4 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1938, 12: No. 15437;
    Chem. Abstr., 1938, 32: 7549*9".

1074
  Romer, A. S.  CARTILAGE AN EMBRYONIC ADAPTA-
    TION.  Am. Natur., 1942, 76: 394-404.  11
    refs.  The presence of cartilage as the
    embryonic basis of adult bone is explained
    by the functional need of an expansible ma-
    terial whose growth processes leave surface
    conditions undisturbed.

1075
  Ruth, E  B.   METAMORPHOSIS OF THE PUBIC  SYMPHY-
    SIS.   II.  THE GUINEA PIG.   Anat. Rec, 1936,
    67: 69-79.  2 pi.   6 refs.

1076
  Ruth, E.  B.   METAMORPHOSIS OF THE PUBIC  SYMPHY-
    SIS.   III. HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE SYM-
    PHYSIS  OF THE PREGNANT GUINEA PIG.   Anat.
    Rec,  1937, 67:  409-421.   pi.   13  refs.
    Abstracted in:  Biol.  Abstr.,  Bait., 1938,
    12:  No.  1919.
1077
  Ruth, E. B.  A STUDY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF
    THE MAMMALIAN PELVIS.  Anat. Rec,  1932,
    53: 207-225.  2 pi.  42 refs.

1078
  Scaglietti, 0.  A PROPOSITO DELLE STRIE DI
    OSSIFICAZIONE DEL COLLO FEMORALE.  Chir.
    org. movim., 1935-1936, 20: 272; 380.

1079
  Schultz, A. H.  PROPORTIONS, VARIABILITY AND
    ASYMMETRIES OF THE LONG BONES OF THE LIMBS
    AND THE CLAVICLES IN MAN AND APES.  Human
    Biol., 1937, 9: 281-328.  29 refs.

1080
 ♦Selye, H.  ON THE MECHANISM CONTROLLING THE
    GROWTH IN LENGTH OF THE LONG BONES.  J.
    Anat., Lond., 1934, 68: 289-292.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1935, 9:
    No. 3752.

1081
  Sensening, E. C.  THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE
    HUMAN VERTEBRAL COLUMN.  Contr. Embryol.
    Carnegie Inst., 1949, 33: No. 214, 21-42.
    5 pi.  46 refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta
    med., Sect. 1, 1951, 5: No. 864.

1082
  Silfverskibld, N.   UBER LANGENWACHSTUM DER
    KNOCHEN UND TRANSPLANTATION VON EPIPHYSEN-
    SCHEIBEN.  Acta chir. scand.,  1934,  75:  77-
    104.  9 pi.  39 refs.

1083
  Stettner, E.   OSSIFICATIONSSTUDIEN AM HAND-
    SKELET.  I. DIE PHYSIOLOGISCHE WELLEN-
    BEWEGUNG DER DIFFERENZIERUNG.   DIE BEZIE-
    HUNG WUCHSFORM:  DIFFERENZIERUNG.  DIE PROG-
    NOSTIK DER KORPERGROSSE.  DAS METAKARPALE
    I.  Zschr.  Kinderh.,  1931, 51:  435-458.   14
    refs.

1084
  Stettner, E.   OSSIFICATIONSSTUDIEN AM HAND-
    SKELET.  II. UBER PSEUDOEPIPHYSEN DES HAND-
    SKELET.  Zschr.  Kinderh.,  1931, 51:  459-
    472.  12 refs.

1085
  Streeter, G.  L.  DEVELOPMENTAL HORIZONS IN HU-
    MAN EMBRYOS (FOURTH ISSUE).  A REVIEW OF THE
    HISTOGENESIS OF CARTILAGE AND BONE.   Contr.
    Embryol. Carnegie Inst., 1949,  33:  149-168.
    4 pi.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect.
    1, 1950, 4_^ No.  367;  Biol. Abstr.,  Bait.,
    1949, 23: No. 11133.   The humerus was
    studied-through all stages of chondrifica-
    tion and ossification for a more complete
    history of the consecutive factors in the
    development of the human skeleton system.

1086
 ♦Studitskii, A. N.   [EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS
    IN HISTOGENESIS OF BONE TISSUE]  Arb. Inst.
    exp. Morphogen.,  Moskva, 1934,  1:  37-53.
    German summary.

1087
  Studitskii, A. N.  EXPERIMENTALANALYSE DER
    DIFFERENZIERUNGSFAKTOREN PRIMARER SKELETE.
    Zschr. Zellforsch., 1936, 24: 269-302.  56
    refs .
1088
  Studitskii,  A.  N.   MEKHANIZM OBRAZOVANIIA
    REGNLIATSIONNYKH STRUKTUR V EMBRIONAL'NOM
    SKELETE.   [THE MECHANISM OF THE FORMATION
    OF REGULATING STRUCTURES IN THE EMBRYONIC
    SKELETON]   C. rend.  Acad, sc.  URSS, 1934,
    3: 634-640.  5 refs.  In Russian and Eng-
    lish.   Abstracted in:  Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1936,  10:  No. 19676. 
60
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT (Continued)
1089
  Studitskii, A. N.  VZAIMODEISTIIA TKANEI V
    FORMOOBRAZOVATEL'NYKH PROTSESSAKH.   [INTER-
    ACTION OF TISSUES IN FORMATIVE PROCESSES]
    Usp. sovrem. biol., 1948, 25:  429-450.  54
    refs.  A report of author's experiments re-
    lating to development of the independent
    bone.  Processes observed in the histo-
    genesis of chick tubular bones were:  1)
    Condensation of mesenchymal cells in the
    area of bone formation. 2) Origin and growth
    of the cartilage later changing into bone.
    3) Formation of the periosteal bone.  4)
    Penetration of blood vessels into cartilage,
    the dissolving of basic tissue and  formation
    of the primary bone-marrow cavity.

1090
  Theiler, K.  ZUR 0SSIFIKATI0N DER WIRBEL-
    KORPER.  Schweiz. med. Wschr., 1950,  80:
    1240.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,  Bait.,
    1951, 25: No. 10889.

1091
  Todd, T. W.  THE ROENTGENOGRAPHIC APPRAISEMENT
    OF SKELETAL DIFFERENTIATION.  Child  Develop.,
    Bait., 1930, 1: 298-310.  7 refs.

1092
  Troitz,ky, W.  ZUR FRAGE DER FORMBILDUNG DES
    SCHADELDACHES.  (EXPERIMENTELLE UNTERSUCHUNG
    DER SCHADELDACHNAHTE UND DER DAMIT VERBUND-
    ENEN ERSCHEINUNGEN.)  Zschr. Morph.  Anthrop.,
    1932, 30: 504-534.  5 pi.  47 refs.   Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1935, 9:
    No. 19847.

1093
  Vigano,  A.   A PROPOSITO DELLE STRIE DI  OS-
    SIFICAZIONE DEL COLLO FEMORALE.   Chir. org.
    movim., 1935-1936, 21: 379.
See:
57	118	183
269	270	456
500	501	502
525	527	538
545	712	907
918	919	1173
1358	1409	1420
1896	1897	1898
1947	1955	1956
2044	2332	2570
2642	2662	2663
2671	2677	2678
2813	2967	2969
212	230
462	488
505	515
542	544
915	916
1350	1357
1486	1548
1933	1946
1958	2039
2571	2592
2668	2669
2721	2798
2970	
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT - VARIATIONS WITH AGE,
  SEX, SPECIES, PARTS AND KINDS OF BONE

  see also CHEMISTRY - VARIATIONS WITH AGE AND
  KINDS OF BONE; PHYSICAL PROPERTIES - VARIA-
  TIONS, AGE AND REGIONAL; STRUCTURE - VARIA-
  TIONS WITH AGE

1099
  Amprino, R.  and Bairati, A.  MODIFICAZIONI
    DELLA STRUTTURA DELLA CARTILAGINE  E  DELL'OSSO
    DELL'UOMO  NELLE VARIE ETA.  Gior .  Accad.  med.
    Torino, 1935, 98: 79-83.  A discussion of the
    growth and development of human cartilage
     (hyaline,  elastic,  fibrous) and bone and  of
     the effects of functional stresses upon
    structure  at various  ages.


1100
  Berstein, S.  A.  UBER DEN NORMALEN HISTOLOGI-
    SCHEN AUFBAU DES SCHADELDACHES.  Zschr.
    Anat. Entw., 1933, 101: 652-678.   12 refs.
    Abstracted  in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1935,
    9: No. 1692.
1094
  Walmsley, R.   GROWTH OF BONE.   Brit.  J.  Nutrit.,
    1952, 6:  410-415.  pi.  25 refs.   Abstracted
    in: Excerpta med., Sect. 2,  1953,  6:  No.
    5944.  A review devoted chiefly to growth of
    length and  girth of a long bone.
1095
  Warwick, W. T.  and Wiles, P.
    PERIOSTEUM IN LONG BONES.
    1934, 22: 169-174.  1 ref.
 THE GROWTH OF
Brit. J. Surg.,
 Abstracted in:
    Biol. ABstr., Bait.,  1937,  11:  No.  3569.

1096
  Wilson, C. L.  EXPERIMENTAL INCREASE  IN LEG
    LENGTH; A PRELIMINARY REPORT.  Surg. Forum,
    1951, p. 438-443.  An increased rate of
    growth was obtained by setting up an electro-
    lytic reaction near a growing epiphyseal  line
    in puppies.

1097
  Wislocki, G. B.  STUDIES ON THE GROWTH OF DEER
    ANTLERS.  I. ON THE STRUCTURE AND HISTOGENE-
    SIS OF THE ANTLERS OF THE VIRGINIA  DEER
    (ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS BOREALIS).   Am. J.
    Anat., 1942, 71: 371-410.  5 pi.  31 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol.  Abstr., Bait., 1943,
    17: No. 9025.  "A description is presented
    Tn chronological order of the histogenesis
    and morphology of the antlers, in reference
    to their seasonal renewal,  growth,  and de-
    cline ."

1098
  Yasvoin, G.  K SRAVNITEL'NOI  GISTOLOGII KROVI
    I SOEDINITEL'NOI TKANI.  XII. O VOZNIKNOVENII
    0SNOVNOGO VESHCHESTVA KOSTI U MLEKOPITAIUSH-
    CHIKH.  [COMPARATIVE HISTOLOGY OF THE BLOOD
    AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE.  XII. ON THE ORIGIN
    OF THE BASIC BONE SUBSTANCE IN MAMMALS]
    Arkh. biol. nauk, 1935, 37: 553-576.  41
    refs .
1101
  Bhaskar, S. N., Weinmann, J. P., Schour,  I.
    and Greep, R. O.  THE GROWTH PATTERN  OF
    THE TIBIA IN NORMAL AND IA RATS.  Am. J.
    Anat., 1950, 86: 439-477.  5 pi.  14 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1951,
    25: No. 1827; Excerpta med., Sect. 1,
    T*J51, 5: No. 223.
1102
  Bick, E. M.  THE OSTEOHISTOLOGY OF THE NORMAL
    HUMAN VERTEBRA: ITS RELATION TO SCOLIOSIS
    AND CERTAIN LESIONS INCIDENT TO GROWTH AND
    SENESCENCE.  J. Mount Sinai Hosp., N. York,
    1952, 19: 490-527.  30 refs.  Abstracted
    in: BioT. Abstr., Bait., 1953, 27: No. 9658.

1103
  Coventry, M. B.,  Ghormley, R. K. and Kernohan,
    J. W.  THE INTERVERTEBRAL DISC: ITS MICRO-
    SCOPIC ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY.  PART II.
    CHANGES IN THE INTERVERTEBRAL DISC CONCOMI-
    TANT WITH AGE.   J. Bone Surg., 1945, 27:
    233-247.  10 refs.                   —
1104
Davenport, C. B.  POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT  OF
  THE HUMAN EXTREMITIES.  Proc. Am. Philos.
  Soc, 1944, 88: 375-455.  2 pi.  Approx.
  135 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
  Bait., 1945, 19: No. 6060.  Contents:
  Preface. - Growth in length of  limbs and
  segments. - Change with age of  percentage
  ratios and indices of linear dimensions. -
  Change with age of percentage ratios of
  girth. - Development of hand. - Develop-
  ment of the foot. - Interrelation of cer-
  tain dimensions. - Discussion.  - Summary
  of conclusions. - Bibliography.  The study
  was based on observations of several hun-
  dred children between the ages  of birth
  and maturity. 
61
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT - VARIATIONS WITH AGE, SEX,
  SPECIES, PARTS AND KINDS OF BONE  (Continued)

1105
  Evans, F. G., Hayes, J. F. and Powers, J. E.
    "STRESSCOAT" DEFORMATION STUDIES OF THE HU-
    MAN FEMUR  UNDER TRANSVERSE LOADING.  Anat.
    Rec, 1953, 116: 171-187.  2 pi.   5 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1954,
    28: No. 932; Excerpta med., Sect.  1, 1954,
    BT No. 681.

1106
  Fazzari, I.  OSSERVAZIONI  SULLA  STRUTTURA
    RADIOLOGICA DELL'OSSO DELL'ANCA NELL'UOMO.
    Arch. ital. anat.,  1941, 45: 413-439.  7
    refs.  Abstracted  in: BioTT Abstr., Bait.,
    1947, 21:  No.  17419.  The  structure of the
    human hip  bone is  studied  radiologically  in
    relation  to its  static  and dynamic functions
    and  in relation  to age  and sex.

1107
  Franceschini, M.  ACCRESCIMENTO  CORRELATIVO
    DELLE CARTILAGINI  SERIATE  E DELLE  EPIFISI
    NELLE OSSA LUNGHE  DEGLI  ARTI DELL'UOMO.
    Boll. Soc. ital.  biol.  sper.,  1948, 24:
    215-217.   Abstracted  in: Biol. AbstrTT
    Bait., 1949,  23:  No.  18854.   In individuals
    of  various ages  a  study  has been made of
    the correlation  between  the growth of the
    seriate  cartilages and  epiphyses of the
    long bones and of  the  relation of  this
    growth to total  body  growth.

 1108
   Hirsch, C.,  Paulson, S.,  Sylven, B.  and
    Snellman,  O.   BIOPHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL
    INVESTIGATIONS ON CARTILAGE AND OTHER  MESEN-
    CHYMAL TISSUES.   VI.  CHARACTERISTICS  OF
    HUMAN NUCLEI  PULPOSI  DURING AGING. Acta
    orthop.  scand.,  1953,  22:  175-183.  16  refs.

 1109
   Martin,  E.   DAS JUGENDLICHE MENSCHLICHE
    BECKEN.   Anat. Anz.,  1949, 97: 196-208.   Ab-
    stracted in:  Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1951,  25:
    No. 24029.

 1110
  Payton, C.  G.   THE GROWTH IN LENGTH  OF THE
    LONG BONES IN THE  MADDER-FED  PIG.   J. Anat,,
    Lond., 1932,  66:  414-425.   16  refs.  Ab-
    stracted  in:  BTol. Abstr., Bait.,  1935,  9:
    No.  1698.


  Payton, C.  G.   THE GROWTH OF THE EPIPHYSES  OF
    THE LONG  BONES IN  THE  MADDER-FED PIG.  J.
    Anat., Lond.,  1933,  67:  371-381.   2 pi.
    21  refs.   Abstracted-in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1934, 8:  No.  16556;  Nutrit. Abstr., Aber-
    deen, T933-34, 3:  No.  2188.

 1112
  Peacock, A.   OBSERVATIONS ON THE POSTNATAL
    STRUCTURE OF  THE INTERVERTEBRAL DISC  IN  MAN.
    J.  Anat.,  Lond., 1952,  86: 162-179.   3  pi.
    52  refs.   "Descriptions are  given  of  the
    tissue changes taking place  in the struc-
     tural components of the human  intervertebral
    disc,  from birth to 80 years  of age."
    Specimens were examined macroscopically  and
    microscopically.


  Roche,  A   and Garcia, I.   CONSTANCE  DU  RAPPORT
    ENTRE LA  TAILLE DU SQUELETTE  ET LA MASSE AC-
    TIVE CHEZ LE  RAT.   C.  rend.  Soc.  biol.,  1935,
    120-  160-162.   3 refs.   Abstracted in:  Nutrit.
    A"b*£tr.,  Aberdeen,  1935-36, 5:  No.  3085.


 1114
  Roche,  A.,  Roche,  J. and  Marcelet, Y.  LE
    SYSTEME  OSSEUX UNITE  PHYSIOLOGIQUE.  ETAPES
    DE  LA CROISSANCE ET DEGRE  DE CALCIFICATION
    DES OS LONGS  OU PLATS  ET DES DENTS.  C.
    rend. Soc. biol.,  1938,  128: 910-912.  3
    refs.
1115
  Ruth, E. B.  METAMORPHIS OF THE PUBIC SYMPHY-
    SIS.  I. THE WHITE RAT (MUS NORVEGICUS
    ALBINUS).  Anat. Rec, 1935, 64: 1-6.  pi.
    8 refs.  "A description of the postnatal de-
    velopment of the symphysis to the difinitive
    condition in the adult is followed by a de-
    scription of the old age changes."

1116
  Silberberg, M  and Silberberg, R.   AGE CHANGES
    OF BONES AND JOINTS IN VARIOUS STRAINS OF
    MICE.  Am. J. Anat., 1941, 68:  62-95.  3 pi.
    22 refs.  Abstracted in:  BioT. Abstr., Bait.,
    1941, 15: No. 10693.

1117
  Silberberg, M. and Silberberg, R.   THE INFLU-
    ENCE OF SEX AND BREEDING ON SKELETAL AGEING
    OF MICE.  Anat. Rec,  1945,  91:  89-105.   2
    pi.  9 refs.  Abstracted in:_Biol.  Abstr.,
    Bait., 1945, 19: No. 10531.

1118
  Sissons, H. A.  EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF
    RATE OF LONGITUDINAL BONE GROWTH.  J. Anat.,
    Lond., 1953, 87: 228-236.  pi.   19 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1953,
    27: No. 29906.  A radiological study of the
    epiphyseal cartilage plate of the lower end
    of the femur of rats and rabbits was made to
    determine differences in the rate of growth
    in the two species.  The results of this
    study were "used in interpreting the micro-
    scopic structure of the growing  region of
    the bone in each species and in  determining
    the duration of each of the cellular proc-
    esses concerned in the formation and matura-
    tion of bone trabeculae in this  situation.
    The relative duration of the various cellular
    processes..." was found to vary  "from species
    to species, and this factor, in  addition to
    variation in absolute growth rates" was
    found to be "responsible for differences in
    the microscopic structure of the growing re-
    gion in the two species."

1119
  Tomlin, D. H., Henry, K. M. and Kon,  S. K.
    AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF GROWTH AND CALCIUM
    METABOLISM IN THE LONG BONES OF  THE RAT.
    Brit. J. Nutrit., 1953, 7: 235-252.  4 pi.
    17 refs.  Abstracted in:  Chem. Abstr., 1953,
    47: 11421f; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1954, 28:
    No. 13591.
125	465	688	1135	1138
1140	1142	1216	1932	1957
2047	2116			
HORMONAL INFLUENCE
1120
  Albright, F.  THE EFFECT OF HORMONES ON OSTEO-
    GENESIS IN MAN.  Recent Progr.  Hormone Res.,
    1947, 1: 293-353.  56 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Chem. Abstr., 1948, 42: 1644f.

1121
  Albright, F.  OSTEOPOROSIS.   Ann.  Int.  M.,
    1947, 27:  861-882.   15 refs.   The author
    attributes the osteoporosis of  old age
    partly to loss of gonodal  hormones and dimi-
    nution of the adrenal cortical  "N" hormone.
    He discusses the normal internal dynamics
    of the skeleton; the factors which influence
    osteoblastic activity: (a) steroidal  hor-
    mones (b) mechanical stresses and strains
    (c) nitrogenous building blocks; and  the
    role an imbalance or a lack of  any of these
    three factors plays in the production of
    osteoporosis. 
62
HORMONAL INFLUENCE (Continued)
1122
  Amprino, R.  LA STRUTTURA DELLE OSSA DELL'UOMO
    IN RELAZIONE A TURBE DELL'ACCRESCIMENTO.
    RICERCHE SUGLI SCHELETRI DI UN GIGANTE E DI
    UN NANO.  Arch. ital. anat., 1943, 49: 161-
    193.  10 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1948, 22: No. 19899.  Histological
    comparision oT~the compact bone of the long
    bones of a young giant and young dwarf
    demonstrated a deviation from the normal rate
    of ossification processes, more rapid in the
    giant, slower in the dwarf.  The differences
    were believed due to hormonal factors.
    Marked analogy of structure was also noted.

1123
  Bell, G. H. and Cuthbertson, D. P.  THE EF-
    FECT OF VARIOUS HORMONES ON THE CHEMICAL
    AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BONE.  J.
    Endocr., Oxf., 1943, 3: 302-309.  9 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1944,
    18: No. 4395; Chem. Abstr., 1944,  38:
    20"949; Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1*54*4-45,
    14: No. 359.  "...the most striking point
    aBout the present experiments... is the
    constancy of the physical and chemical
    characteristics of bone - a feature which
    is presumably of value from the point of
    view of the survival of the organism.  It
    may be... that we shall have to give up
    the idea that there are bones of varying
    quality..."

1124
 ♦Campbell, I.  L. and Turner, C. W.  THE RELA-
    TION OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM TO THE REGULA-
    TION OF CALCIUM METABOLISM.  Montana Agr.
    Exp. Sta. Res. Bull., 1942, No. 352.  134p.
    Abstracted  in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,
    1945-46, 15: No. 3339.
""Hnntain*  R   Handel.  P. and Wiest, E.  ETUDE
  F°anatomiqSe; ?l?n&e,-histol9Gique ETBICV
    CHIMIQUE DE L'ACTION DE DIFFERENTES HORMONES
    (THYROXINE, DEOXYCORTICOSTERONE ET CORTI-
    SONE) SUR L-EVOLUTION DES FRACTURES EXPfiRI-
    MENTALES CHEZ LE CHIEN.  M<5m. Acad, chir.,
    Par., 1952, 78: 351-359.  5 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 9, i»oj,
    7: No. 1484.

1133
  Gaillard,  P.  J.  HORMONES REGULATING GROWTH
    AND DIFFERENTIATION IN EMBRYONIC EXPLANTS.
    82p.  Par., Hermann, 1942.  (Actual, sc.
    indust.  No. 923).  Summary of research
    carried  out by the author and his colleagues
    since 1929, a part of which concerns bone.

1134
  Langenskiolk, F.   OM VITAMINERNAS OCH HORMON-
    ERNAS INFLYTANDE PA  SKELETTET.   Nord .  med.,
    1939, 1:  733-738.  16 refs.  German summary.

1135
  Loeb,  L.  HORMONES AND THE PROCESS OF AGEING.
    Harvey Lect., Bait., 1940-1941, 36: 228-250.
    34 refs.  A survey.

1136
  Parker, S.  G.  REGULATION OF LONGITUDINAL BONE
    GROWTH.   Arch.  Surg., 1949, 59: 1100-1121.
    122 refs.  The endocrinological aspects of
    bone growth are reviewed.
1137
Schnitman, S.  GLANDULAS ENDOCRINAS Y HUESO
  Rev. odont., B. Air., 1950, 38: 114-133.  6
  refs.
1125
  Coryn, G.  LES ENDOCRINES ET LE SQUELETTE.
    EXPERIMENTATION ET CLINIQUE.  Ann. Soc. sc.
    rngd. natur. Bruxelles, 1937, Bull., 33-37.

1126
  Coryn, G.  ETUDE DE L'INFLUENCE DES GLANDES
    ENDOCRINES SUR LE SQUELETTE.  Arch, inter-
    nat. med. exp., Liege, 1936, 11: 135-403.
    Bibliogr.: p. 381-403.  A digest in: J.
    radiol. electr., 1936, 20: 123-128.

1127
  Coryn, G.  INTRODUCTION A L'ETUDE DES AFFEC-
    TIONS ENDOCRINIENNES DU SQUELETTE.  Presse
    m6d., 1937, 45: 611-613.  Abstracted in:
    Chem. Abstr., 1937, 31: 79955.

1128
  Coryn, G.  RECHERCHE EXPERIMENTALE SUR L'IN-
    FLUENCE DES GLANDES ENDOCRINES SUR L'HIS-
    TOLOGIE DU CARTILAGE DE CONJUGAISON.  Ann.
    anat. path., Par., 1939, 16: 27-42.  12
    refs.

1129
  Cotellessa, G. and De Maestri, A.  IL CONTRI-
    BUTO DIAFISARIO NEL PROCESSO DI ACCRESCIMENTO
    SCHELETRICO DOPO SOMMINISTRAZIONE DI ALCUNI
    PREPARATI ORMONICI.  Minerva pediat., Tor.,
    1953, 5: 968-971.  10 refs.

1130
  Eaton, J. C.  THE INFLUENCE OF THE ENDOCRINES
    ON THE SKELETON.  Glasgow M. J., 1946, 27-
    93-108.  45 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.—
    Abstr., Bait., 1948, 22: No. 16125.

1131
  Follis, R. H., Jr.  THE  INFLUENCE OF ESSENTIAL
    NUTRIENTS AND HORMONES ON CARTILAGE AND
    BONE.  Tr. Conf. Metab. Interrelat., 1950,
    2.meet., 221-257.  18  refs.  Report and dis-
    cussion of studies .
1138
 ♦Silberberg, M. and Silberberg, R.  THE EFFECT
    OF ENDOCRINES ON ARTICULAR TISSUE AND THEIR
    RELATION TO AGEING PROCESSES.  Ann. Rheumat.
    Dis., Lond., 1949, 8: 307.  Abstracted  in:
    Excerpta med., Sect7 3, 1951, 5: No. 605.
1139
  Silberberg, M. and Silberberg, R.  EFFECTS  OF
    HORMONES ON THE SKELETON OF MICE, GUINEA  PIGS
    AND RATS.  Endocrinology, 1941, 29: 475-482.
    37 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. A*6str. ,  1941,
    35: 75055.  The effects on cartilage  and  bone
    of* growing animals, produced by anterior
    pituitary preparations, thyroid, hormone,
    potassium iodide, parathyroid extracts  and
    sex hormones are compared.
1140
  Silberberg, M. and Silberberg, R.   INFLUENCE
    OF THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS ON GROWTH AND AGING
    OF THE SKELETON.  Arch. Path., Chic, 1943,
    36: 512-534.  208 refs.  Abstracted  in:
    BTol. Abstr., Bait., 1944, 18: No. 10280.


1141
  Silberberg, M. and Silberberg, R.   THE RESPONSE
    OF CARTILAGE AND BONE OF THE NEWBORN GUINEA
    PIG TO STIMULATION BY VARIOUS HORMONES  (AN-
    TERIOR HYPOPHYSEAL EXTRACT, ESTROGEN, THY-
    ROXINE).  Anat. Rec, 1940, 78: 549-558.  7
    refs.  "In  the newborn guinea pig the car-
    tilage has  the tendency to respond to various
    hormonal stimuli with more proliferative and
    less retrogressive changes than that of older
    animals.  This is further evidence in favor
    of the opinion that  the age of the animal on
    which the hormone acts plays an important
    role in helping to determine the  mode of
    reaction of the cartilage to... various hor-
    mones ." 
63
HORMONAL INFLUENCE  (Continued)
1142
  Silberberg, M. and Silberberg, R.  DIE ROLLE
    DER HORMONE IM WACHSTUM UND ALTERN DES SKEL-
    ETTS UND IHRE BEDEUTUNG FUR DIE PATHOGENESE
    DER ARTHRITIS DEFORMANS.  Schweiz  med
    Wschr., 1949, 79: 127-132.  39 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: BTol. Abstr., Bait., 1951, 25-
    No. 7754.                               —

1143
  Silberberg, M. and Silberberg, R.  SOME AS-
    PECTS OF THE ROLE OF HORMONAL AND NUTRITIONAL
    FACTORS IN SKELETAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT.
    Growth, Phila.,  1949,  13: 359-368.  22 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol. ABstr., Bait., 1950, 24:
    No. 14331; Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1950-5T,
    20: No. 748.

1144
  Simpson, M. E., Asling,  C. W. and Evans, H  M
    SOME ENDOCRINE INFLUENCES ON SKELETAL GROWTH
    AND DIFFERENTIATION.   Yale J. Biol., 1950,
    23: 1-27.  6 pi.  73 refs.  Abstracted in:
    BTol. Abstr., Bait., 1951, 25: No.  10411;
    Excerpta med., Sect. 3,  1952, 6: No. 973.
1145
  Thompson, W. 0., Heckel, N. J. and Morris,
    R. M.  HORMONAL  FACTORS  INFLUENCING SKELE-
    TAL GROWTH.  J.  Clin.  Invest.,1941, 20:
    464.  An abstract.
1146
  Williams, H. L. and Watson, E. M.  INFLUENCE
    OF HORMONES UPON PHOSPHATASE CONTENT OF RAT
    FEMURS.  I. EFFECTS OF ADRENAL CORTICAL SUB-
    STANCES AND PARATHYROID  EXTRACT.  Endo-
    crinology,  1941, 29: 250-257.  25 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1941, 35: 75025.
1147
  Williams, H. L. and Watson, E. M.  INFLUENCE
    OF HORMONES UPON PHOSPHATASE CONTENT OF RAT
    FEMURS.  II. EFFECTS OF  SEX HORMONES, THY-
    ROXIN AND THYMUS EXTRACT.  Endocrinology,
    1941, 29: 258-261.  20 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Chem. Abstr., 1941,  35: 75028.
1148
  Wolterink, L. F.   ISOTOPES IN HORMONAL AND
    NUTRITIONAL STUDIES IN ANIMALS.  IN: CON-
    FERENCE ON THE USE OF  ISOTOPES IN PLANT AND
    ANIMAL RESEARCH.  Manhatan, Kan., June 1952.
    U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington,
    D. C, 1953, p.  122-154.  (TID-5098)
    Approx. 65 refs.  Abstracted in: Nuclear
    Sc. Abstr., 1954, 8: No. 80.
See:

  146       967

HORMONAL INFLUENCE
 2178

ADRENAL CORTEX
1149
   Blunt,  J.  W.,  Jr.,  Plotz,  C.  M.,  Lattes,  R.
    Howes, E.  L.,  Meyer,  K.  and Ragan,  C.   EF-
    FECT  OF  CORTISONE ON  EXPERIMENTAL FRACTURES
    IN  THE RABBIT.  Proc.  Soc.  Exp.  Biol.,  N.Y,,
    1950, 73:  678-681.  7 refs.   Abstracted in:
    Chem. Abstr.,  1950, 44:  7435S.   In  rabbits
    receiving  cortisone,-the gross  healing  of
    fracture and  the  absorption of  the  hema-
    toma  were  greatly delayed.

1150
   Campbell,  R. M.,  Sharp,  G., Boyne,  A.  W.  and
    Cuthbertson, D. P.  CORTISONE AND THE ME-
    TABOLIC  RESPONSE  TO INJURY.   Nature, Lond.,
    1953, 172: 158-160.   10  refs.  Abstracted
    in: Che*m*7 Abstr.,  1953,  47:  11441S.

1151
  Euler, U.  S. von.   UBER  DIE WIRKUNG KLEINER
    ADRENALINMENGEN AUF DEN  SAUERSTOFFVERBRAUCH
    DES KUNSTLICH DURCHSTROMTEN  HUNDEBEINS.
    Arch. internat. pharm.  dyn.,  Gand, 1932, 42:
    259-277.  Abstracted  in: Chem. Abstr.,  1933,
    27: 1400.
 1152
   Fiandaca,  S.   SULL'INFLUENZA DEGLI ORMONI
     CORTICALI SUL RICAMBIO MINERALE.  Riv. pat.
     sper.,  1936,  16:  407-418.   11 refs.  Ab-
     stracted in:  CHem.  Abstr., 1937, 3J.:  4424.
     In experiments on rabbits  the effects of
     the cortical  hormones were studied in vari-
     ous organs  including bone.  It was con-
     cluded  that the adrenal cortex exerted an
     important influence on body minerals, par-
     ticularly on  the  calcium and phosphorus
     content.

 1153
   Follis, R.  H.,  Jr.  EFFECT OF CORTISONE ON
     GROWING  BONES OF  THE RAT.   Proc. Soc. Exp.
     Biol., N. Y., 1951, 76:  722-724.  6 refs.
     Abstracted  in:  Chem.""Abstr ., 1951,  45: 6723d.

 1154
   Follis, R.  H.,  Jr.  EFFECT OF 17-HYDROXYCORTI-
     COSTERONE-21-ACETATE ON GROWING  BONES OF THE
     RAT.  Bull. Johns Hopkins  Hosp., 1952,  90:
     337-339.  pi.  2  refs.   Abstracted in:  Ex-
     cerpta med.,  Sect.  3,  1952,  6: No. 2150;
     Brit. Abstr., Sect. AIII,  1953,  p. 180.
     "Skeletal lesions similar  to those pro-
     duced by cortisone  may  be  observed when  17-
     hydroxycorticosterone-21-acetate is ad-
     ministered  to growing  rats.   The latter  is
     more effective  quantity for quantity  than
     the former."

 1155
   Follis, R.  H.,  Jr.  NON-EFFECT  OF  CORTISONE
     ON GROWING  BONES OF MICE,  GUINEA PIGS AND
     RABBITS.  Proc. Soc. Exp.  Biol., N. Y. ,
     1951, 78: 723-724.   4 refs.

 1156
   Fontaine, R., Mandel,  P.  and Wiest,  E.  UBER
     DIE WIRKUNG VERSCHIEDENER  HORMONE  (THYROXIN,
     DESOXYCORTICOSTERON UND  CORTISON)  AUF DEN
     VERLAUF  EXPERIMENTELLER  KNOCHENBRUCHE BEIM
     HUNDE.  Medizinische,  1952,  p. 899-901.
     pi. 6 refs.  Abstracted in:  Chem.  Abstr.,
     1952, 46: 9712S.  In dogs  the effects of
     various-hormones on fracture  healing  were
     studied.

 1157
   Herrick,  E. H.,  Mead,  E. R.,  Egerton, B. W.
    and Hughes, J. S.   SOME EFFECTS  OF CORTI-
    SONE ON VITAMIN C-DEFICIENT GUINEA PIGS.
    Endocrinology, 1952, 50: 259-263.   26 refs.
    Abstracted  in: Chem. ATJstr . ,  1953, 47:
    3940i.   The addition of cortisone  to-a
    scorbutic diet prevented painful joints.
    Bone structure and  testes  remained almost
    normal but  adrenal  gland cells became
    atrophied.
 1158
   Ingalls,  T. H.  and Hayes, D.  R.  EPIPHYSEAL
    GROWTH:  THE EFFECT OF REMOVAL OF THE AD-
    RENAL AND PITUITARY GLANDS ON THE EPIPHYSES
    OF  GROWING  RATS.  Endocrinology,  1941, 29-
    720-724.   5 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.—
    Abstr.,  1942,  36: 5348; Biol. Abstr., Bait  ,
    1942, 16: No.  "3(348.

1159
   Key,  J. A., Odell, R.  T. and Taylor, L. W.
    FAILURE OF CORTISONE TO DELAY OR TO PRE-
    VENT THE HEALING OF RACTURES  IN  RATS.  J.
    Bone Surg.,  1952, 34A: 665-675.  Discus-
    sion:  p.  675,  677.  9" refs.  Cortisone did
    not delay the healing or alter the micro-
    scopic  appearance of the process of repair
    of  experimental fractures  in animals.

1160
  Kozdoba, A. Z.  EXPERIMENTELLE UNTERSUCHUNGEN
    UBER DIE  HEILUNG VON KNOCHENBRUCHEN BEI
    NEBENNIERENHYPERFUNKTION.  Arch.  klin.
    Chir.,  1932, 169:  96-106.  47 refs.  Ab-
    stracted  in: Biol. Abstr.,  Bait., 1933, 7:
    No. 14393; Nutrit. Abstr.,  Aberdeen, 1932-
    33, 2: No. 300. 
64
HORMONAL INFLUENCE
  tinued)
ADRENAL CORTEX (Con-
1161
  Lattes,  R.,  Blunt,  J.  W.,  Jr.,  Rose,  H.  M.,
    Jessar,  R. A.,  Vaillancourt,  de G.  and
    Ragan, C.   LACK OF CORTISONE  EFFECT IN THE
    EARLY STAGES OF INFLAMMATION  AND REPAIR.
    Am. J. Path., 1953,  29:  1-19.  8 refs.

1162
  Levie, L.  H. and  Uyldert,  I.  E.  THE  INFLUENCE
    OF ADRENALS ON  BONE GROWTH.  Acta brevia
    neerl.,  1939, 9:  121-123.   2  pi. 4 refs.
    Abstracted in:  Biol. Abstr.,  Bait., 1939,
    13: No.  11063.
1163
  Lucchese, G.  L1INFLUENZA DELLE SURRENALI
    SULLA FORMAZIONE DEL CALLO OSSEO.   RI-
    CERCHE SPERIMENTALI.  Policlinico,  1934,
    41: 579-592.  45 refs.  Abstracted  in:
    BTol. Abstr.,  Bait., 1936,  10:  No.  3457.

1164
  Maassen, A. P.  ADRENALS AND BONE-GROWTH.   Acta
    endocr., Kbh., 1952, 9: 135-140.  2 refs.
    Abstracted  in: Biol. Sbstr.,  Bait., 1952, 26:
    No. 27828; Chem. Abstr., 1954, 48:  2471.

1165
  Maassen, A. P.  THE EFFECT OF DESOXYCORTI-
    COSTERONE ACETATE (DOCA) ON BODY-GROWTH AND
    OSSIFICATION.   Acta endocr.,  Kbh.,  1952,  9:
    291-296.  4 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait.,  1952, 26:  No.  27829; Chem.
    Abstr., 1954,  48: 256***T

1166
  Mandel, P., Fontaine, R., Ebel, A. and
    Vogeleisen, A.  ETUDE DE LA CONSTITUTION
    pE L'OS CHEZ LE RAT EN CROISSANCE SOUMIS
    A L'ACTION DE  LA CORTISONE.   C. rend. Soc.
    biol., 1953, 147: 511-514.  4 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: CTiem. Abstr.,  1954, 48: 22391.
1167
  Oka,  H.   [BEITRAGE ZUM VERHALTEN DER ENDOKRINEN
    ORGANE  BEI  KNOCHENFRAKTUR.   (I. MITTEILUNG).
    HISTOLOGISCHE VERANDERUNG DER NEBENNIERE  IM
    VERLAUFE DER FRAKTURHEILUNG]  Okayama igakkai
    zassi,  1939, 51: 34-49.  2 pi.  43 refs.
    German  summary, p. 49.
1168
  Prader, A. and Maassen.  A.  P.   DIE WIRKUNG
    DER ANDROGENEN HORMONE AUF DAS SKELETT;
    KNOCHEN- UND ZAHNENTWICKLUNG, CALCIUM,
    PHOSPHOR UND PHOSPHATASEN IM SERUM BEIM
    KONGENITALEN ADRENOGENITALEN SYNDROM.
    Helvet. paediat.  acta, 1953, 8: 136-151.
    23 refs.  In this study of the effects of
    congenital adrenocortical hyperplasia in
    19 patients, aged 1 month to 37 years,
    marked changes were observed in bone de-
    velopment while dental development was
    normal.  This was explained by the special
    position of teeth as endocrine end-organs.
    It was also concluded that phosphorus is an
    index of the production of pituitary growth
    hormone and that estrogen and androgen  in-
    hibit this production.

1169
  Wolbach, S. B. and Maddock, C. L.  CORTISONE
    AND MATRIX FORMATION IN EXPERIMENTAL SCORBU-
    TUS AND REPAIR THEREFROM.  WITH CONTRIBUTIONS
    TO THE PATHOLOGY OF EXPERIMENTAL SCORBUTUS.
    A.M.A. Arch. Path., 1952, 53: 54-69.  pi.
    21 refs.  Abstracted in:  Excerpta med.,  Sect.
    2, 1952, 5: No. 6342.  "Cortisone administra-
    tion neitKer accelerates nor depresses the
    reparative processes in scurvy in the guinea
    pig.  The resumption of formation of inter-
    cellular materials is not affected in either
    direction as far as can be  observed by
    histologic criteria."
1170
Wyman, L. C. and Tum-Suden  C   THE EFFECT 0
  ADRENALECTOMY ON THE EPIP^Sf^«  ,1^-346
  THE RAT.  Endocrinology, 1945, 36  340 J«
  15 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. ABstr., Bait.
  1945, 19: No. 21510.
See:

  605       713

HORMONAL INFLUENCE


1171
 740       971

PANCREAS ISLETS
 ♦Hernberg, C. A.  THE BONE STRUCTURE IN ALLOXAN-
    INDUCED DIABETES MELLITUS IN RATS.  Acta med.
    scand., 1952, 142: 274-283.  Abstracted in:
    Excerpta med.,"Sect. 3, 1952, 6: No. 788.

1172
  Ksendzovskii, M. E.  OVLIIANII VNUTRENNEI
    SEKRETSII NA ZAZHIVLENIE KOSTNYKH PERELOMOV.
    [INFLUENCE OF INTERNAL SECRETION ON KNIT-
    TING OF FRACTURES]  Nov. khir. arkh., 1930,
    86: 149-156.  Abstracted in: Tsentr. med.
    zK. ,  1931, 8: 481.  Experimental study of
    effect of insulin, potassium and calcium on
    knitting of bone fractures in healthy rats.
    It was found: 1) That isotonic KC1 and CaCl2
    solutions have no influence on osteogenesis.
    2) Insulin injection has a favorable effect
    on fracture healing.  3) Insulin with iso-
    tonic CaCl2 solution injection has a better
    effect than injection of pure insulin.

1173
  Salter, J. and Best, C. H.  INSULIN AS A GROWTH
    HORMONE.  Brit. M. J., 1953, I_I: 353-356.   11
    refs.  Abstracted in: Fed. Proc. Bait., 1953,
    12: No. 399; Chem. Abstr., 1953, 47: 11409b.
    Bypophysectomized rats were fed a constantly
    available diet and injected daily with slow-
    acting protamine zinc insulin in small,
    gradually increasing doses.  Results showed
    that the animals gained 38 g. in 15 days
    with an average increase in body protein of
    2.6 g. per rat and an average increase in
    the width of the epiphyseal disk of the tibia
    of 65%.  Results indicate that insulin may
    stimulate growth and that decreased libera-
    tion of insulin may be a factor in  limiting
    growth in the hypophysectomized animal.
See:
748
832
1304
HORMONAL INFLUENCE - PARATHYROID


1174
  Albright, F. and Reifenstein, E. C, Jr.  THE
    PARATHYROID GLANDS AND METABOLIC BONE DIS-
    EASE; SELECTED STUDIES.  410p.  Baltimore,
    Williams & Wllkins, 1948.  Bibliography:
    p. 312-332.

1175
  Barnicot, N. A.  THE LOCAL ACTION OF THE
    PARATHYROID AND OTHER TISSUES ON BONE  IN
    INTRACEREBRAL GRAFTS.  J. Anat., Lond.,
    1948, 82: 233-248.  2 pi.  17 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1949,
    23: No. 10654.  Using parathyroid intra-
    cerebral grafts in rats, it was found  that
    bone was eroded only in close proximity to
    the parathyroid tissue, indicating that
    parathyroid hormone does effect bone di-
    rectly .

1176
  Barnicot, N. A.  SOME DATA ON THE EFFECT OF
    PARATHORMONE ON THE GREY-LETHAL MOUSE.  J
    Anat., Lond.,  1945, 79: 83-91.  2 pi.  l6
    refs.  Abstracted  in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1946,  20:  No.  12404. 
HORMONAL INFLUENCE - PARATHYROID  (Con-
  tinued)
1177
  Bartels, E. D.  ACTION OF THE PARATHYROID HOR-
    MONE; A SURVEY.  Acta endocr., Kbh.,  1954,
    15: 71-81.  61 refs.  The  literature  on the
    effect of the parathyroid  hormone on  the
    kidney and the bones is reviewed.

1178
  Baumann, E. J. and Sprinson, D. B.  HYPER-
    PARATHYROIDISM PRODUCED BY DIET.  Am. J.
    Physiol., 1939, 125: 741-746.  Abstracted
    in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1939, 13: No. 7535.

1179
  Becks,  H., Kibrick, E. A. aid Evans, H. M.
    THE BONE HISTOLOGY OF ADULT MALE RATS THYRO-
    PARATHYROIDECTOMIZED WHEN  ONE MONTH OF AGE.
    J. Exp. Zool., 1942, 89: 297-302.  1  pi.  9
    refs.  Abstracted in:""Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1942, 16: No. 14455.
1180
  Bhaskar, S. N., Schour, I. and Greep, R. 0.
    THE CORRECTIVE EFFECT OF PARATHYROID HOR-
    MONE ON GENETIC ANOMALIES IN THE DENTITION
    AND THE TIBIA OF THE IA RAT.  J. Dent. Res.,
    1952, 31: 257-270.  16 refs.  Abstracted
    in: BioT. Abstr., Bait., 1952, 26: No.
    23545.                         —
1181
  BUlbring, E.  UBER DIE BEZIEHUNGEN ZWISCHEN
    EPITHELKORPERCHEN, CALCIUMSTOFFWECHSEL UND
    KNOCHENWACHSTUM.  Arch. exp. Path., Lpz.,
    1931, 162: 209-248.  60 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Chem. Abstr., 1932, 26: 1018.
1182
  Burns, C. M. and Henderson, N.  THE MINERAL
    CONSTITUENTS OF BONE.  III. THE EFFECT OF
    PROLONGED PARATHORMONE INJECTIONS ON THE
    COMPOSITION OF THE BONES OF PUPPIES WITH
    VARYING CALCIUM INTAKES.  Biochem. J.,
    Lond., 1946, 40: 501-507.  17 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: UEem. Abstr., 1947, 41: 187*;
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1948, 22: No. 8482.
1183
  Burrows, R. B.   INFLUENCE OF PARATHYROID EX-
    TRACTS ON GROWING BONE.  J. Elisha Mitchell
    Sc. Soc, 1937, 53:  225-226.  An abstract.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,  1938, 32:
    26002.
  Burrows, R. B.  VARIATIONS PRODUCED  IN BONES
    OF GROWING RATS BY PARATHYROID EXTRACTS.
    Am. J. Anat., 1938, 62: 237-290.   52 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol."Abstr., Bait., 1938,
    12: No. 3765; Chem. Abstr., 1938,  32:
    5~0"778.

1185
  Campbell, W. W. and Tweedy, W. R.  THE EFFECT
    OF PARATHYROID EXTRACT UPON THE DISTRIBUTION
    AND EXCRETION OF LABELED PHOSPHORUS.  Fed.
    Proc, Bait., 1942, 1: 104-105.  An abstract.
Carnes, W. H.  THE DEMONSTRATION OF AN EFFECT
  OF PARATHYROID EXTRACT ON BONE MATRIX.  Am.
  J. Path., 1950, 26: 736.  An abstract,.
  "These observations indicate that (1) bone
  matrix may be destroyed by the action of
  parathyroid hormone irrespective of its
  mineral content, (2) the levels of-serum
  calcium and metastatic calcification are a
  function of the mineral content of the re-
  sorbed matrix,  and (3) calcification may be
  induced in cartilage and osteoid matrix
  through its action.  These facts are not
  consistent with the theory that the hormone
  acts primarily  upon some mechanism that
  causes solution of bone mineral."
1187
  Cartier, P. and Simonart, J.  HORMONE PARA-
    THYROIDIENNE ET METABOLISME PHOSPHO-CALCIQUE.
    Rev. orthop., Par., 1946, 32: 160-168.  42
    refs.

1188
  Cera, B. and Bellini, L.  RICERCHE SUL COM-
    PORTAMENTO DELLA GLICEROFOSFATASI DEL SIERO
    E DEL TESSUTO OSSEO IN ANIMALI TRATTATI CON
    UN FARMACO AD AZIONE IPERCALCEMIZZANTE
    PARATIREOSIMILE.  Pathologica, Genova,
    1940,  32: 410-413.  Abstracted in:  Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1947, 21:  No.  17116; Chem.
    Abstr., 1941, 35: 14739.
 1189
   Cerqua.   L'EFFET DE LA THYROXINE, DE LA PARA-
     THYROIDINE ET DE L'ERGOSTEROL SUR LA RE-
     GENERATION DES OS.  J. Egypt. M. Ass.,  1933,
     16:  668-673.

1190
   Chang, H. Y.  GRAFTS OF PARATHYROID AND OTHER
     TISSUES TO BONE.  Anat. Rec, 1951, 111: 23-
     48.  pi.  7 refs.  Abstracted in:  Biol.
     Abstr., Bait., 1952, 26: No. 28005; Excerpta
     med., Sect. 1, 1952, 8*7 No. 1312.   "These
     findings corroborate Barnicot's observation
     of a marked and specific local resorption of
     bone near the parathyroid draft."

1191
   Cohn, B. N. E.  KNOCHENVERANDERUNGEN NACH
     PARATHORMONEINVERLEIBUNG.  Zschr.  ges. exp.
     Med., 1934, 92: 540-551.  20 refs.  Ab-
     stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1935, 9:
     No. 7260.

1192
   Collip, J. B., Pugsley, L. I., Selye, H. and
     Thomson, D. L.  OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING THE
     MECHANISM OF PARATHYROID HORMONE ACTION.
     Brit. J. Exp. Path., 1934, 15:  335-336.  8
     refs.  In rats complete nepHrectomy was
     followed by parathyroid hormone injections.
     Histologic examination of the bones showed
     marked osteoclastic resorption.   It was
     concluded that the action of the parathy-
     roid hormone on bone is independent of its
     possible direct influence on the renal
     threshold for phosphates.  The article con-
     tains a discussion of pertinent theories.


1193
   Coppo, M. and Molinari-Tosatti, P.  OSSERVA-
    ZIONI SULTA DISTRIBUZIONE DEL MAGNESIO NEGLI
    0RGANI DI RATTI TIROPARATIREOPRIVI E DI
    RATTI TRATTATI CON PARATORM0NE.   Boll.  Soc.
     ital. biol. sper., 1934, 9:  36-39.  Ab-
    stracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1934, 28:  51124.
1194
  Cozza, F.  ACTION OF MASSIVE DOSES OF PARA-
    THYROID HORMONE AND VITAMIN D2 ON THE BONES
    DURING GROWTH.  Ann. Med. nav. colon., 1950,
    55: 730-737.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 3, 1951, 5: No. 2158.  "Young guinea-
    pigs were treated by doses of parathyroid
    hormone and vitamin D2 in various propor-
    tions.  From these investigations it is con-
    cluded that the 2 substances have an inde-
    pendent action.  These conclusions were
    reached after haematochemical, radiological
    and anatomopathological examinations."
    - Excerpta med.

1195
  Downs, W. L.   THE EFFECTS OF PARATHYROID EX-
    TRACT ON THE BONE LESION INDUCED BY BERYL-
    LIUM COMPOUNDS.  57p.  University of
    Rochester Atomic Energy Project, Rochester,
    N. Y.  (UR-271)  9 pi.  51 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Fed. Proc, Bait., 1954, 13: 350. 
66
HORMONAL INFLUENCE
  tinued)
1196
PARATHYROID (Con-
Dragstedt, C. A. and Kearns,  J. E.,  Jr.  EX-
  PERIMENTAL STUDY OF BONE REPAIR:  EFFECT OF
  THYROPARATHYROIDECTOMY AND  OF THE ADMINI-
  STRATION OF PARATHORMONE.  Arch.  Surg.,
  1932, 24: 893-904.  25 refs.   Abstracted in:
  Biol. ABstr., Bait., 1933,  7: No.  20952;
  Chem. Abstr., 1932, 26! 514*3.  "It does not
  appear probable that the administration of
  parathormone will facilitate  bone repair in
  any case except one of parathyroid defi-
  ciency.  Thyroid deficiency uncomplicated
  by parathyroid deficiency did not delay the
  healing of a bone defect."
1197
Eger, W. and Titze, G.  DIE EPITHELKORPERCHEN,
  VITAMIN D UND A.T. 10 UND DIE BEZIEHUNGEN ZU
  DEN KNOCHEN.  Klin. Wschr., 1942, 21:  859-
  862.  17 refs.  Abstracted in:  Nutrit.
  Abstr., Aberdeen, 1943-44, 13:  No. 2046.
  "Rats, intact and parathyrolcTectomised,  re-
  ceived doses of vitamin D or A.T. 10....
  The histology of the femur metaphyses was
  studied.  The action of vitamin D and of
  A.T. 10 on the bone is described as en-
  hanced after parathyroidectomy.  The pe-
  culiar fact is discussed that vitamin D in
  physiological amounts is antagonistic to
  parathyroid hormone but in pathological
  amounts appears  to reinforce it." - Nutrit.
  Abstr.
1198
  Engel, M. B.  and Catchpole,  H.  R.   EXCRETION
    OF URINARY MUCOPROTEIN FOLLOWING PARATHYROID
    EXTRACT IN RATS.   Proc. Soc.  Exp.  Biol.,
    N. Y., 1953,  84:  336-338.   9  refs.   Ab-
    stracted in:  CHem. Abstr., 1954, 48:  2908a.
    "In a 72-hour period control  rats excreted
    0.35-1.92 mg. of  urinary mucoprotein,  de-
    termined as mannose-galactose standard.
    After injection of 1000 units of parathyroid
    hormone, mucoprotein excretion was 0.52-
    4.52 mg. in the same period.   This increase
    was correlated in time with a solution of
    bone matrix,  with an increase in plasma
    mucoprotein,  and  with the appearance of
    mucoprotein granules in kidney tubule cells
    and mucoprotein-containing casts in tubules.1
    - Chem. Abstr.
1199
  Engel, M. B., Catchpole,  H.  R.  and Joseph,
    N. R.  THE EFFECT OF PARATHYROID EXTRACT ON
    GROUND SUBSTANCE AND CALCIUM OF BONE.   Tr.
    Conf. Metab. Interrelat.,  1953, 5.Conf.,
    119-129.  Conference Discussion: p.  126-
    129.  152 refs.
1200
  Engel,  M.  B.,  Joseph,  N.  R.  and  Catchpole,
    H.  R.  EXPERIMENTAL  STUDIES ON THE  CALCI-
    FICATION AND DISSOLUTION OF BONE  AND  CAR-
    TILAGE MATRIX.   Proc.  Inst. M., Chicago,
    1954, 20: 65-66.
1201
  Engel, P.  UBER DIE BEEINFLUSSUNG DER CALLUS-
    BILDUNG DURCH HORMONE.  Deut. Zschr. Chir.,
    1934, 242: 213-216.  35 refs.  Abstracted
    in:  BioTT Abstr., Bait., 1936, 10:  No.
    20948.  Parathyroid hormone injections
    stimulated callus formation in fractured
    ribs of rats.  Ovosan and Prapitan had  no
    effect.
1202
  Engfeldt, B. and Hjertquist, S. 0.  THE FUNC-
    TIONAL RELATION BETWEEN THE THYROID AND PARA-
    THYROIDS AND THE EFFECT OF THE THYROID ON
    BONE TISSUE.  Acta endocr., Kbh., 1954, 15:
    109-118.  28 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.
    Abstr., 1954, 48:  5980°.
1203
  Fanconi, G.  ZUR PATHOLOGIE DER PARATHY-
    REOIDEA UND DES KALZIUM- UND PHOSPHAT-
    STOFFWECHSELS.  Deut. med. Wschr.,  1953,
    78: 85-89.  A lecture on the role of  the
    parathyroids  in the regulation  of calcium
    and phosphate metabolism in the body,  in~
    eluding tooth and bone.

1204
  Fantl, P. and Rome, M. N.  THE RELATIONSHIP
    BETWEEN CALCIUM AND CITRATE IN  FOWLS'
    BLOOD.  Austral. J. Sc., 1947,  10:  19.   3
    refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,  1948,
    42: 2346f.  The view that increased blood
    cTtrate in hypercalcemia is derived from
    the bone as a result of destructive action
    of excess of parathormone was not confirmed
    by these experiments.

1205
  Frugoni, P.  CONTENUTO MINERALE DELL'OSSO DI
    RATTI  IN CARENZA ED IN ECCESSO  DI ORMONE
    PARATIROIDEO.  Sperimentale, 1934,  88:  27-
    36.  18 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem."Abstr.,
    1934,  28: 5513 .  In adult rats variations
    in the mineral content of bone  were studied
    in thyroparathyroidectomized and normal
    animals given high doses of parathyroid
    hormone.

1206
  Giangrasso, G.  PARATIROIDI, VITAMINA C E
    FRATTURE SPERIMENTALI.  II.  Boll.  Soc.
    ital. biol. sper., 1939, 14: 525-527.
    5 refs .

1207
  Hoff, F. and Homann, E.  ZUR FRAGE DES  EIN-
    FLUSSES VON VITAMIN D UND EPITHELKORPER-
    HORMON AUF DEN KALKHAUSHALT.  Zschr.  ges.
    exp. Med., 1930, 74: 258-273.   34 refs.
    Abstracted in: BioT. Abstr., Bait.,  1933,
    7: No. 708.
1208
Hummon, I. F., Jr., Patras, M. C. and
  Templeton, R. D.  THE INFLUENCE OF THYROID
  FEEDING AND THYRO-PARATHYROIDECTOMY ON BONE
  REGENERATION.  Am. J. Physiol., 1936, 116:
  84.  An abstract.  "The results show that
  thyroid feeding accelerated while thyro-
  parathyroidectomy retarded bone regenera-
  tion in the standard group.  In the vitamin
  B deficient group the thyroid fed animals
  showed very poor bone regeneration during
  their short survival period; the controls,
  living longer, showed better regeneration;
  and the thyro-parathyroidectomized animals,
  surviving the longest, showed the best re-
  generation."
1209
  Ingalls, T. H.,  Donaldson, G. and Albright  F
    THE LOCUS OF ACTION OF THE PARATHYROID HOR-
    MONE: EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES WITH PARATHYROID
    EXTRACT ON NORMAL AND NEPHRECTOMIZED RATS
    J. Clin. Invest., 1943, 22: 603-608   4
    refs   Parathyroid extract injections pro-
    duced osteitis fibrosa in nephrectomized
    and normal rats.  Nephrectomy alone also
    produced bone resorption.

1210
  Itoh, M. and Katagiri, s.  TJBER DIE EINFIIIS«?F
    VON PARATHYROIDEA-HORMON UND VITAMIN-D AIIF
    DIE KNOCHENBRUCHHEILUNG SOWIE DIE TnL™
    SEKRETORISCHEN DRUSEN.  Tr  Sor  rTV-K
    1939, 29: 552-558.  Abstracted in- NuiritP"
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 1939-40, 9: No. 2866


1211
  Itoh, M. and Suzuki, T.  UBER DIE VERANDERUNGEN
    DER HARTGEWEBE DURCH WIEDERHOLTE  INJEKTION
    VON PARATHYREOIDEA-HORMON.  Tr  Soc  path
    jap.,  1937, 27:  522-526. 
67
HORMONAL INFLUENCE
  tinued)
PARATHYROID (Con-
 1212
  ♦Ivanova,  S.  A.   INFLUENCE OF VITAMIN D AND
     PARATHYROID HORMONE ON THE HISTOGENETIC
     PROCESS OF HEALING OF BONE FRACTURE   C
     rend. Acad. sc.,  URSS, 1941,  31:  714-716
     In  English.  Abstracted in: CHem  Abstr ,'
     1943, 37:  9473.

 1213
  Jaffe, H.  L.  and Bodansky,  A.  EXPERIMENTAL
     FIBROUS  OSTEODYSTROPHY (OSTEITIS  FIBROSA)
     IN  HYPERPARATHYROID DOGS.  J.  Ex.  M.,
     1930, 52:  669-694.   2 pi.  50 refs.  Ab-
     stracted" in:  Biol.  Abstr.,  Bait.,  1934,  8:
     No.  13713.

 1214
  Jaffe, H.  L. , Bodansky,  A.  and  Blair,  J.  E
     RATE OF  DECALCIFICATION AND THE  SITES  OF
     BONE LESIONS  IN EXPERIMENTAL  HYPERPARATHY-
     ROIDISM.   Proc. Soc.  Exp. Biol.,  N.  Y.,
     1931, 28:  793-794.   4 refs.  Abstracted  in:
     Nutrit.  Abstr., Aberdeen, 1931-32,  1-  No.
     504.

 1215x
  Jaffe, H.  L., Bodansky,  A.  and  Blair,  J   E.
     THE EFFECT OF PARATHORMONE AND AMMONIUM
     CHLORIDE ON THE BONES OF  RABBITS.   J  Exp
     M.,  1932,  55:  695-701.  15 refs.   Ab-
     stracted in:  Nutrit.  Abstr.,  Aberdeen,
     1932-33, 2: No. 1307;  Chem. Abstr.,  1932,
     26:  3303."

 1216
  Jaffe, H.  L., Bodansky,  A.  and  Blair,  J. E.
    THE  INFLUENCE  OF  AGE  AND  OF DURATION OF
    TREATMENT  ON THE  PRODUCTION AND REPAIR OF
     BONE LESIONS  IN EXPERIMENTAL  HYPERPARA-
    THYROIDISM.   J. Exp.  M.,  1932, 55:  139-
     154.  3  pi.   14 refs.   Abstracted" in:  Biol.
    Abstr.,  Bait., 1933,  7: No. 5945; Chem.
    Abstr.,  1932,  26:  1670.   "Young guinea pigs
     are more susceptible  than adults  to  the  ef-
     fects of single or  repeated doses of para-
     thormone,  as  shown  by  bone  changes.  ...  In
     young and  adult guinea pigs a  compensation
     is  established during  prolonged parathormone
     treatment,  which  enables  them to  tolerate
     repeated large doses..."
 1217
  Jaffe, H.  L. , Bodansky,  A.  and  Blair,  J. E.
     THE SITES  OF DECALCIFICATION AND  OF  BONE
     LESIONS  IN  EXPERIMENTAL HYPERPARATHYROIDISM.
    Arch. Path., Chic,  1931,  12:  715-728.   15
     refs.  Abstracted in:  Biol. Abstr.,  Bait.,
     1933, 7: No. 8388.   "Decalcification and
     reactive lesions  are more prominent  in
    experimental hyperparathyroidism  in  regions
    of normally active  growth of bone and  less
    prominent  in regions of less  active  growth.
     In the latter, simple  thinning of the bone
    is sometimes the  only  change observed."
1218
  Jones, J.  H.   THE INFLUENCE OF THE REMOVAL OF
    THE  PARATHYROID GLANDS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF
    RICKETS  IN RATS.   J. Biol. Chem., 1934,  106:
    701-705.  6 refs.   Abstracted in: Nutrit.
    Abstr.,  Aberdeen,  1934-35,  4: No. 2535.
1219
  Kalnins,  V. and Ledina, H.  DIE WIRKUNG DES
    EPITHELKORPERCHENHORMONS AUF ZAHNE UND
    KNOCHEN  NORMALER UND SKORBUTISCHER MEER-
    SCHWEINSCHEN.   Upsala  lak.  foren. forh.,
    1947, 52: 235-276.  pi.   219 refs.  Ab-
    stracted" in: Excerpta med., Sect. 2, 1948,
    1: No.  5011; Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,
    T947-48,  17: No.  4558.
1220
  Keating, F. R., Jr.  THE NORMAL AND PATHOLOGIC
    PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS.  Am.
    J.  Orthodont., 1947, 33: 129-137.  14 refs.
    The role of the paratHyroid gland in calcium
    and phosphorus metabolism and the metabolism
    of  the bone_ arsb^urveved .
 1221
   Kozelka, F. L., Hart, E. B. and Bohstedt, G.
    GROWTH, REPRODUCTION, AND LACTATION  IN THE
    ABSENCE OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS.   J.
    Biol. Chem., 1933, 100: 715-729.  14 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1935,
    9: No. 13906.  "Normal bone development can
    occur in the absence of the parathyroid
    glands when vitamin D is fed."  Dogs were
    used in this study.  Ash per cent of femur,
    tibia, 7th rib, 12th rib and skull were de-
    termined .

 1222
  Leriche, R.,  Jung,  A. and De Bakey,  M.   RE-
    CERCHES EXPERIMENTALES SUR LA CALCIFICATION
    DES TISSUS.   INFLUENCE DE L'EXTRAIT PARA-
    THYROIDIEN SUR LA CALCIFICATION DE TRANS-
    PLANTS LIBRES DE CARTILAGE.   Ann.  anat.
    path., Par.,  1936, 13:  551-555.   2 refs.

 1223
  Levi della Vida,  B.   COMPORTAMENTO DEI  SINGOLI
    SEGMENTI SCHELETRICI  NELL'IPERED IPO-PARA-
    TIROIDISMO SPERIMENTALE CONTENUTO  IN  CALCIO
    E FOSFORO.   Fisiol. & med.,  Roma,  1935,  6:
    45-64.  14  refs.

 1224
  Lievre, J. A.   REINS ET LESIONS OSSEUSES.   J.
    urol. med.,  Par.,  1949,  55:  8-17.   45 refs.
    Abstracted  in:  Chem.  Abstr.,  1952,  46:
    8743f.

 1225
  McJunkin,  F.  A.,  Tweedy,  W.  R.  and McNamara,
    E. W.  EFFECT OF PARATHYROID EXTRACT  AND
    CALCIFEROL  ON THE  TISSUES OF THE NEPHREC-
    TOMIZED RAT.   Am.  J.  Path.,  1937,  13:
    325-333.  pi.  16  refs.   Abstracted*"in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1938,  12: No.  630.

 1226
  McLean, F.  C.  and Bloom,  W.   CALCIFICATION AND
    OSSIFICATION.  MOBILIZATION OF BONE SALT BY
    PARATHYROID EXTRACT.   Arch.  Path.,  Chic,
    1941, 32:  315-333.  Abstracted in:  Biol.
    Abstr.,  Bait.,  1942,  16:  No.  6796;  Chem.
    Abstr.,  1942, 36:  551T"

1227
  McLean, F. C. and Bloom, W.  MODE  OF ACTION
    OF PARATHYROID  EXTRACT  ON  BONE.  Science,
    1937, 85: 24.  An  abstract.
1228
   McLean,  F. C. and McCoy, R. H.  CALCIFICATION
     IN  RACHITIC CARTILAGE INDUCED BY ADMINISTRA-
     TION OF PHOSPHATE, AND BY PARATHYROID EX-
     TRACT.  J. Biol. Chem., 1936, 114: Proc.
     55-66.  An abstract.

1229
   Majno, G., Perrottet, E,,.Rutishauser, E. and
     SchUpbach, St  LES PROTEASES OSSEUSES ET
     SfiRIQUES APRES INJECTION D'HORMONE PARA-
     THYROIDIENNE.  (NOTE PRELIMINAIRE).  Arch.
     sc. , Geneve, 1951, 4: 400-407.  10 refs.
     Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1952, 46:
     10368°.  In young dogs injections oT"para-
     thyroid hormone resulted in bone resorption
     accompanied by a local increase of proteoly-
     tic activity.

1230
  Malcolm,  J.,  Griesbach,  W.  E.,  Bielschowsky,
    F. and Hall,  W.  H.   HYPERPLASIA  OF THE
    PARATHYROIDS ASSOCIATED WITH OSTEITIS FI-
    BROSA IN RATS TREATED WITH THIOURACIL AND
    RELATED COMPOUNDS.   Brit.  J.  Exp.  Path.,
    1949,  30:  17-23.   pi.   16 refs.   Goitrogens
    administered to 6-8 week  old rats (both
    sexes) caused enlargement of the para-
    thyroids.   In 9 of 33 animals there was a
    concomitant generalized  osteitis fibrosa.
    Histological findings are discussed. 
68
HORMONAL  INFLUENCE  - PARATHYROID  (Con-
   t inued)

1231
   Marx, J.  DAS VERHALTEN DES MAGNESIUMSPIEGELS
    BEI DER RECKLINGHAUSENSCHEN ERKRANKUNG.
    Arch. klin. Chir., 1935, 182: 214-219.  5
    refs.  Abstracted in: BioTT-Abstr., Bait.,
    1937, 11: No. 3759.

1232
   Milne, M. D.  OBSERVATIONS ON THE ACTION OF
    THE PARATHYROID HORMONE.  Clin. Sc., Lond.,
    1951, 10: 471-486.  38 refs.  Abstracted
    in: BioT. Abstr., Bait., 1952, 26:  No.
    15000.  "These observations are in support
    of a hypothesis that the predominant action
    of the parathyroid hormone in hypoparathy-
    roid states is the renal action described
    by Albright et al;  whereas,  in the  normal,
    an action direcTTy stimulating osteoclastic
    resorption of bone is of greater importance.'

1233
  Molinari-Tosatti,  P.   DISTRIBUZIONE DEL CALCIO
    E DEL FOSFORO NEI VARI ORGANI E TESSUTI DI
    RATTI IN ECCESSO ED IN CARENZA DI ORMONE
    PARATIROIDEO.  Sperimentale,  1934,  88:  504-
    526.  65 refs.  French translation  Tn:  Arch.
    ital. biol., 1935,  93: 149-164.

1234
   Morgan, A. F. and Samisch, Z.   THE SEQUENCE
    AND EXTENT OF TISSUE CHANGES RESULTING FROM
    MODERATE DOSES OF VIOSTEROL AND PARATHYROID
    EXTRACT.  J. Biol. Chem., 1935, 108:  741-
    752.  15 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.  Abstr.,
    Bait., 1936, 10: No. 754; Chem. Abstr., 1935,
    29: 40523.  Rats were used in this  study.
    Trie serum, metaphyses, shafts of femurs,
    hearts, lungs and kidneys were examined for
    ash, water, fat, and, in the last case, also
    for calcium and phosphorus content.
1235
   Morgan, A. F., Kimmel, L., Thomas, R.  and
    Samisch, Z.  THE EFFECT OF MODERATE DOSES
    OF VIOSTEROL AND OF PARATHYROID EXTRACT
    UPON BONE COMPOSITION.  J. Biol. Chem.,
    1933, 100: Proc, 71-72.  An abstract.
    Abstracted in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,
    1933-34, 3: No. 1573.  "It is stated that,
    in rats, treatment with varying doses of
    viosterol and parathyroid extract affected
    the ash content of the bone  metaphyses more
    rapidly than that of the shaft.  Calcium and
    phosphate retentions were decreased by in-
    jection of parathyroid extract." - Nutrit.
    Abstr.
1236
   Morgan, A. F., Kimmel, L., Thomas, R. and
    Samisch, Z.  THE EFFECTS OF MODERATE DOSES
    OF VIOSTEROL AND OF PARATHYROID EXTRACT
    UPON RATS.  J. Biol. Chem.,  1934, 106:  531-
    544.  21 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.  Abstr,,
    1934, 28: 67931.

1237
   Mourgue, M.  RECHERCHES BIOCHIMIQUES  SUR L'AC-
    TION COMPAREE DE L1HORMONE PARATHYROIDIENNE
    ET DE LA VITAMINE D DANS LES OSSIFICATIONS
    DE REPARATION.  J. physiol.  path, gen.,
    1939-1940, 37: 1269-1276.  17 refs.   Ab-
    stracted in: Chem.  Abstr., 1942, 36:  48753;
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1945-46,  15:  No.
    2183.

123S
  Neufeld, A. H. and Collip, J.  B.  THE PRIMARY
    ACTION OF THE PARATHYROID HORMONE.   Endo-
    crinology, 1942, 30:  135-141.   30 refs.
    Abstracted in: Chem.  Abstr.,  1942,  36:
    16527.  Studies made on rats,  cats  and dogs,
    after nephrectomy or ligation of the  renal
    vessels or ureters and injections of  para-
    thyroid extract, led to the  conclusion that
    the primary action of the parathyroid hor-
    mone is on renal phosphate excretion  and
    phosphorus metabolism rather  than on  bone
    osteoclasts and  calcium metabolism.
 1239
   Nitschke, A.  UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER DIE ABHANG-
     IGKEIT DER KNOCHENBILDUNG JUNGER SAUGENDER
     RATTEN VON SCHILDDRUSEN- UND NEBENSCHILD-
     DRUSENTATIGKEIT DES MUTTERTIERES.  Mschr .
     Kinderh., 1934, 62: 33-38.
 1240
   0'Donovan,  D.  K.  THE PRIMARY SITE OF ACTION
     OF PARATHYROID HORMONE.  Irish J. M. Sc.,
     1951, 6.ser.,  No. 306, 252-264.  32 refs.
     Current theories are surveyed and the view
     is advanced  that the parathyroid hormone
     has a direct resorptive effect upon bone
     and that  this  action is dependent upon a
     self-limiting  enzyme system.  The results
     of some clinical observations and animal
     experiments  are discussed.
 1241
   Parhon, C.-I., D^revici, H.  and Dfirevici, M.
     SUR LE CALCIUM ET LE PHOSPHORE DES OS CHEZ
     DES CHIENS HYPERTHYROIDISMS, HYPERPARATHY-
     ROIDISM  OU  SOUMIS A CES DEUX TRAITEMENTS
     COMBINES.  C.  rend. Soc. biol., 1932,  109:
     1396-1398.  Abstracted in:  Biol.  Abstr.,
     Bait.,  1934, 8:  No. 5766;  Chem. Abstr.,
     1932,  26:  4088*.   "Hyperthyroidization  of
     dogs  by thyroid  ingestion  or injection of
     thyroxine, hyperparathyroidization by  in-
     jection of parathormone, or  both,  decreased
     calcium of the bones.   Combined treatment
     and  thyroxine  injection increased phosphorus,
     but  injection  of  parathormone decreased
     phosphorus." - Biol. Abstr.
 1242
   Parhon,  C.-I., Lavrenenco, N.  and Stirbu, A.
     RECHERCHES HISTOLOGIQUES SUR LES LIPOIDES
     DES  PARATHYROIDES CHEZ LES ANIMAUX PORTEURS
     DE  FRACTURES EXPERIMENTALES.   C.  rend.  Soc.
     biol.,  1932, 109:  245-246.   In rabbits  af-
     ter  experimental  fracture  of the  foreleg  an
     increase  in granulations was observed  in
     the  external parathyroids.
 1243
  Pazzagli, R. and Paoletti  Perini, A.  PARA-
    TIRO IDI E CALLO DI  FRATTURA.   Sperimentale,
     1934,  88: 456-481.   50  refs.  Abstracted
    in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1936,  10: No.
    21338.  "In rabbits  with multiple costos-
     tomies  unilateral parathyroidectomy retarded
     the formation  of callus, which  remained
    fibrous for a  long  period.   Injections  of
    parathyroid extracts hastened  the formation
     and ossification of  callus,  but non-specific
    protein had no appreciable effect on callus
     formation.  Experiments  were controlled by
     radiological and histological examination  "
     - Biol. Abstr.
1244
  Pugsley, L. I.  and Selye, H.  THE HISTOLOGIPAT
    Sxt^ l? THE B0NE RESPONSIBLE TOR TRAC-
    TION OF PARATHYROID HORMONE ON THE CALCIUM
    METABOLISM OF THE RAT.   J. Physiol .^1933
    ABstr   llli  IS^a* ^^ted in: Chem.
    ADstr., 1933, 27: 5394; Nutrit. Abstr
    ^rdeen' 1933-34, 3: No. 3291.  In rats
    fed daily doses of parathyroid hormone  a
    study was made of the relation between'the
    early and late histologic changes In She
    long bones and the accompanying^ changes in
    calcium metabolism.  All changls werlfound
    to coincide exactly                 e lound
1245
  Reynolds, L., Corrigan, K. E., Hayden  H  <5
    Macy,  I. G. and Hunscher, H  A   DIFFRAPtxAw
    STUDIES OF THE EFFECT OF SODIUM FLuSSe ISS
    PARATHORMONE UPON THE INCISORS AND TIBIAE OF
    RATS.  Am. J. Roentg., l938, 39: 103-126
    58 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem—Abstr   1938
    32: 2187*7; Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen  19™ ^
    FT No.  731.  "The interest in^hirworicwas9'
    centered on the structural changes such as
    crystal structure,  orientation, and parti-
     cle size, as affected by diets containing
     sodium  fluoride,  injection of parathormone
     and combinations of  the  two, and also a mix-
     ture  of sodium fluoride  with aluminum sul-
     phate ." 
69
HORMONAL INFLUENCE
  tinued)
PARATHYROID (Con-
1246
  Roche, J. and Mourgue^ M.  ACTION COMPArEe DE
    L'HORMONE PARATHYROIDIENNE ET DE LA VITAMINE
    D2 §UR LA CONSOLIDATION DES FRACTURES OSSEUSES
    EXPERIMENTALES.  C. rend. Soc. biol., 1939,
    130: 1138-1141.  1 ref.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1939, 13: No. 12863; Nutrit.
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 1939-40, 9: No.  247.

1247
  Rumiantsev, A. V. and Berezkina, L.  F.  ON
    THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF THE PARATHYROID
    HORMONE ON THE BONE TISSUE IN EXPERIMENTS
    IN VITRO.  C. rend. Acad. sc. URSS, 1944
    43: 270-272.  11 refs.  Abstracted in:   '
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1944-45, 14: No
    3329.                              —

1248
  Selye, H.  ACTION OF PARATHYROID HORMONE ON
    THE EPIPHYSEAL JUNCTION OF THE YOUNG RAT
    Arch. Path., Chic, 1932, 14: 60-65.  14
    refs.

1249
  Selye, H.  MECHANISM OF PARATHYROID  HORMONE
    ACTION.  Arch. Path., Chic., 1942, 34: 625-
    632.  pi.  24 refs.  Abstracted in-.Them.
    Abstr., 1943, 37: 14903.  "Complete
    nephrectomy in~the rat does not prevent the
    action of the parathyroid hormone  on the
    bones.  Nephrectomy itself causes  mild bone
    changes, probably by stimulating the produc-
    tion of the hormone, since these can be pre-
    vented by parathyroidectomy.  Neither the
    liver nor the thyroid has any effect on the
    action of the parathyroid hormone." - Chem.
    Abstr.

1250,
  Selye, H.  ON THE STIMULATION OF NEW BONE-
    FORMATION WITH PARATHYROID EXTRACT AND IR-
    RADIATED ERGOSTEROL.  Endocrinology, 1932,
    16: 547-668.  14 refs.  Abstracted in:  Biol.
    ABstr., Bait., 1934, 8; No. 3280.

1251
  Selye, H., Mortimer, H., Thomson, D. L. and
    Collip, J. B.  EFFECT OF PARATHYROID EXTRACT
    ON THE BONES OF THE HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RAT:
    A HISTOLOGIC STUDY.  Arch. Path.,  Chic,
    1934, 18: 878-880.  3 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. ABstr., Bait., 1935, 9: No.  13957;
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1S34-35, 4: No.
    3585.

1252
  Shelling, D. H., Asher, D. E. and Jackson,
    D. A.  CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS STUDIES.
    VII. THE EFFECTS OF VARIATIONS IN DOSAGE OF
    PARATHORMONE AND OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS
    IN THE DIET ON THE CONCENTRATIONS OF CALCIUM
    AND INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS IN THE SERUM AND ON
    THE HISTOLOGY AND CLINICAL COMPOSITION OF
    THE BONES OF RATS.  Bull. Johns Hopkins
    Hosp.,  1933, 53:  348-389.  32 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: BTol. Abstr., Bait.,  1935. 9:
    No. 9260;  Chem.  Abstr., 1934, 28: 73214.

1253
  Silberberg,  M. and Silberberg,  R.   THE EFFECTS
    OF PARATHYROID HORMONE AND CALCIUM GLUCONATE
    ON THE  SKELETAL TISSUES OF MICE.   Am.  J.
    Path.,  1943,  19:  839-859.  3 pi.   27 refs.
    Abstracted in:  Biol.  Abstr.,  Bait., 1944,  18:
    No.  604;  Chem. Abstr.,  1944,  38:  15562.
    "Combined  administration of parathyroid hor-
    mone and  calcium gluconate does  not intensi-
    fy the  ageing  effect  exerted  on  the growing
    cartilage  by each substance alone."  Para-
    thyroid  hormone  promotes  the  changes
    characteristic of skeletal ageing.   Calcium
    gluconate  also promotes  the ageing of  growing
    epiphyseal cartilage.   Resorptive  processes,
    however, are  temporarily  inhibited  in  both
    young and  adult mice.
1254
  Snapper, I.  PARATHYROID HORMONE AND MINERAL
    METABOLISM.  Bull. N. York Acad. M., 1953,
    29: 612-624.  27 refs.  A review.  Excess
    parathyroid hormone production stimulates
    proliferation of cancellous bone osteoclasts
    thereby increasing bone trabeculae erosion.
    This results in hypercalcemia and hyper-
    calciuria and in hypo- rather than hyper-
    phosphatemia due to the strong parathyroid
    hormone stimulation of phosphate excretion
    by the kidneys.   "There is also reason to be-
    lieve that the spread of the decalcification
    of the skeleton in hyperparathyroidism may
    depend not only upon a negative calcium and
    phosphorus balance, but also upon other as
    yet obscure mechanisms."

1255
  Striganova,  A. R.   VLIIANIE GORMONA 0K0L0SH-
    CHITOVIDNOI ZHELEZY NA BELKOVYI METABOLIZM
    KOSTNOI TKANI.   [INFLUENCE OF PARATHYROID
    HORMONE ON ALBUMIN METABOLISM OF THE OSSEOUS
    TISSUE]  Arkh.  pat.,  Moskva,  1949,  11:  No. 2,
    50-56.  10 refs.   Abstracted in:  Chem.  Abstr.,
    1950,  44:  1589i.   Intramuscular injection of
    a large dose of  "paratireokrin" caused a
    sharp increase  of proteolytic activity of the
    osseous tissue  and considerable disturbance
    in nitrogen metabolism equilibrium;  general
    nitrogen content  decreased while amino-
    nitrogen content  remained normal.   After re-
    peated "paratireokrin" injections,  only
    proteolytic activity of bone  is increased.
    The regular consecutive variations  in pro-
    tein metabolism  of bone after "paratireokrin"
    injections represent a specific reaction for
    injected hormone  and point to the intensive
    processes  of protein metabolism in  bone.
1256
  Talmage,  R.  V.,  Kraintz,  F.  W.  and  Kraintz,  L.
    EFFECT OF PARATHYROIDS  ON  RADIOCALCIUM  UP-
    TAKE AND EXCHANGE IN RAT TISSUES.   Proc.
    Soc. Exp.  Biol.,  N.  Y.,  1952, 80:  553-557.
    5 refs.  Abstracted  in:  Biol. ATJstr., Bait.,
    1953, 27:  No.  1008;  Chem.  Abstr.,  1952, 46:
    10342i7"                                —
1257
  Talmage, R.  V.,  Lotz,  W.  E.  and  Comar,  C.  L.
    ACTION OF PARATHYROID EXTRACT  ON BONE PHOS-
    PHORUS AND CALCIUM IN THE  RAT.  Proc. Soc.
    Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1953, 84:  578-582.  9
    refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.  Abstr., 1954,
    48: 40735.
1258
  Thomson, D. L. and Collip, J. B.  THE PARA-
    THYROID GLANDS .   Physiol. Rev., 1932, 12:
    309-383.  543 refs.  See particularly p7
    339-345 for relation of the parathyroid
    hormone to the calcium of the skeleton.


1259
  Tweedy, W. R. and Campbell, W. W.  THE EFFECT
    OF PARATHYROID EXTRACT UPON THE DISTRIBU-
    TION, RETENTION, AND EXCRETION OF LABELED
    PHOSPHORUS.  J.  Biol. Chem., 1944, 154-
    339-347.  16 refs.  Abstracted in: NuTrit.
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 1944-45, 14: No. 2484.
    A study of various tissues including bone.


1260
  Tweedy, W. R., Chilcote,  M. E.  and Patras,
    M.  C.  THE DISTRIBUTION, RETENTION,  AND
    EXCRETION OF RADIOPHOSPHORUS FOLLOWING
    THYROPARATHYROIDECTOMY, OR BILATERAL
    NEPHRECTOMY, AND THE ADMINISTRATION OF
    PARATHYROID EXTRACT.   J. Biol. Chem.,
    1947, 168: 597-610.  15 refs.  Abstracted
    in:  Chem. Abstr., 1947, 41: 5631°. 
70
HORMONAL INFLUENCE
  tinued)
PARATHYROID (Con-
1261
  Weinmann, J. P. and Schour,  I.  EXPERIMENTAL
    STUDIES IN CALCIFICATION.   III. THE EFFECT
    OF PARATHYROID HORMONE ON THE ALVEOLAR BONE
    AND TEETH OF THE NORMAL AND RACHITIC RAT.
    Am. J. Path., 1945, 21: 857-875.  4 pi.   21
    refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1945, 19: No. 21920; Nutrit. Abstr., Aber-
    deen, 19*45-46, 15: No. 3430.

1262
  Wilton, A.  THE ACTION OF PARATHORMONE (COLLIP)
    ON BONE TISSUE.  Acta paediat., Upps.,  1934,
    17: 72-82.  2 pi.  40 refs.  Abstracted  in:
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,  1934-35,  4:  No.
    3586.  "The histological changes in the  ribs
    of guinea pigs after single injections of
    parathormone (20 units per 100 g.)  are de-
    scribed.  The collagen disappears along  with
    the calcium and not subsequently as has  been
    stated." - Nutrit. Abstr.

1263
  Yanagida, H.  [EFFECT OF PARATHORMONE PREPARA-
    TION ON POTASSIUM AND CALCIUM METABOLISM IN
    ALBINO RABBIT AND THE LATTERS'  EFFECT  ON THE
    HEALING OF FRACTURED BONE]  Sei-i-kai  M. J.,
    1939, 58: 895-956.  3 pi.   30 refs. Ab-
    stracted" in: Chem. Abstr., 1942, 36:  55269.


1264
  Zetterstrom, R. and Engfeldt, B.   RENEWAL OF
    BONE PHOSPHATE IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPERPARA-
    THYROIDISM.  Nature, Lond., 1951, 168:  81-
    82.  10 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,
    1952, 46: 620h; Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,
    1951-5*27 21: No. 3666.

See:
  Baker  B  L  and Ingle, D. J.  GROWTH INHIBI-
    TION IN BONE AND BONE MARROW FOLLOWING
    SKtSmFE™ ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC (ACTH).
    EnJocTInology, 1948,  43: 422-429  1 pi.
    17 refs   Examination of the tibias of
    aduiTmale rats treated with ACTH in doses
    of 1 and 3 mg. daily  for 21 days revealed
    retardation of chondrogenesis and osteo-
    genesis, and atrophy  of red marrow with
    apparent replacement  by fat   <"han8es in
    the vertebrae were less noticeable.  Varia-
    tions of diet did not significantly modify
    these results.

1270
  Barbour  E  P  and Cook, S. F.  THE EFFECTS
    OF LOW PHOSPHORUS DIET AND HYPOPHYSECTOMY
    ON THE STRUCTURE OF COMPACT BONE AS SEEN
    WITH THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE.  Anat. Rec,
    1954, 118: 215-230.  13 refs.


1271
  Bartter, F. C, Forbes, A. P. and Albright, P.
    A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT ON BONE FORMATION
    OF THE HYPERADRENOCORTICISM OF CUSHING'S
    SYNDROME WITH THAT INDUCED BY ADRENOCORTICO-
    TROPIC HORMONE (ACTH).  J. Clin. Endocr.,
    1948, 8: 592.  An abstract.  Data on clini-
    cal studies, which support the hyopthesis
    that ACTH causes elaboration of an adrenal
    cortical hormone which inhibits the produc-
    tion of bone matrix by osteoblasts.

1272
  Becks, H. and Evans, H. H.  ATLAS OF THE
    SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE RAT (LONG-EVANS
    STRAIN); NORMAL AND HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED.  San
    Francisco, American Institute of Dental
    Medicine, 1953.  2v.   45 refs.
154	156	189	499	641
689	698	704	763	793
808	842	908	910	1173
1364	1375	1434	1483	2128
2129	2375	2706		
HORMONAL INFLUENCE - PITUITARY

1265
  Albright, F. and Bartter, F. C.  THE EFFECTS
    OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC
    HORMONE (ACTH) ON BONE METABOLISM.  Tr.
    Conf. Metab. Interrelat., 1950, 2.meet.,
    258-267.  1 ref.  A report on experiments
    which indicate that calcium loss in ACTH
    therapy might result from pitressin present
    in ACTH as a contaminant, rather than from
    the hormone itself.

1266
  Asling, C. W., Simpson, M. E., Li, C. H. and
    Evans, H. M.  DIFFERENCES IN THE RESPONSE
    TO GROWTH HORMONE OF THE RAT'S PROXIMAL AND
    DISTAL TIBIAL EPIPHYSES.  Anat. Rec, 1950,
    107} 399-407.  8 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1951, 25: No. 30584; Excerpta
    med., Sect. 1, 1951, 1*7 No. 504.
1267
  Asling, C. W., Walker, D. G., Simpson, M.  E.
    and Evans, H. M.  DEATHS IN RATS SUBMITTED
    TO HYPOPHYSECTOMY AT AN EXTREMELY EARLY AGE
    AND THE SURVIVAL EFFECTED BY GROWTH HORMONE.
    Anat. Rec., 1952, 114: 49-65.  2 pi.  6 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1953, 27:
    No. 12765.  Brain growth continued while
    cranial growth was arrested due to the ces-
    sation of endochondral osteogenesis.  Treat-
    ment with growth hormone restored normal os-
    teogenesis and cranial growth.
1268
  Asling, C. W., Walker, D. G., Simpson, M. E.
    and Evans, H. M.  DIFFERENCES  IN THE SKELETAL
    DEVELOPMENT ATTAINED BY 60-DAY-OLD FEMALE
    RATS HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED AT AGES VARYING FROM
    6 TO 28 DAYS.  Anat. Rec, 1950, 106: 555-
    569.  pi.  11 refs.
1273
  Becks, H., Asling, C. W., Collins, D. A.,
    Simpson, M. E., Li, C. H. and Evans, H. M.
    RESPONSE TO PITUITARY GROWTH HORMONE AND
    THYROXIN OF THE THIRD METACARPAL IN THE
    HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED FEMALE RAT.  Anat. Rec,
    1948, 101: 17-22.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1949, 23: No. 702; Excerpta
    med., Sect. 1, 1949, 37 No. 721.  Injec-
    tions of pituitary growth hormone, 285 to
    433 days after hypophysectomy reactivated
    chondrogenesis and osteogenesis at the
    epiphyseal cartilage plate.  Injections of
    thyroxin caused epiphyseal closure.  In-
    jections of both hormones had a similar ef-
    fect .
1274
  Becks, H., Asling, C. W.
    C. H. and Evans, H. M.
    PHYSECTOMIZED FEMALE RATS FOLLOWING CHRONIC
    TREATMENT WITH PURE PITUITARY GROWTH HOR-
    MONE.  III. SKELETAL CHANGES: TIBIA, META-
    CARPAL, COSTOCHONDRAL JUNCTION AND CAUDAL
    VERTEBRAE.  Growth, Phila., 1949, 13:  175-
    189.  7 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1950, 24: No. 6146.  "The injection
    of pure growth hormone  for 14 months in
    hypophysectomized rats  resulted in marked
    growth of all skeletal  dimensions studied.
    The  length of the tibia actually exceeded
    normal, while the metacarpals and the  cau-
    dal  vertebrae equalled  normal length.  The
    bones also grew in breadth.  All bones ex-
    amined histologically showed lines of  ac-
    cretion indicating that periosteal osteo-
    genesis was stimulated."
Simpson, M. E.,Li,
THE GROWTH OF HYPO-
1275
Becks, H., Collins, D. A., Asling, C. w.
  Simpson, M. E., Li, C. H. and Evans, H. U
  THE GIGANTISM PRODUCED IN NORMAL RATS BY '
  INJECTION OF THE PITUITARY GROWTH HORMONE
  V   SKELETAL CHANGES: SKULL AND DENTITION'
  Growth, Phila., 1948, 12: 55-67.  3 refa. '
  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1948,
  22: No. 23721. 
71
HORMONAL INFLUENCE - PITUITARY  (Con-
  tinued)

1276
  Becks, H., Kibrick, E. A., Marx, W. and Evans,
    H. M.  THE EARLY EFFECT OF  HYPOPHYSECTOMY
    AND OF IMMEDIATE GROWTH HORMONE THERAPY ON
    ENDOCHONDRAL BONE FORMATION.  Growth,
    Ithaca, 1941, 5: 449-456.   6 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr.,  Bait., 1942, 16:
    No. 12099; Chem. Abstr., 1942, 36: 324497"
    "Skeletal structures were thus maintained af-
    ter hypophysectomy by  a dose level of growth
    hormone inadequate for maintaining normal
    body weight gains."
1277
  Becks, H., Ray, R. D., Simpson, M. E. and
    Evans, H. M.  EFFECT OF THYROXINE AND THE
    ANTERIOR PITUITARY GROWTH HORMONE ON ENDO-
    CHONDRAL OSSIFICATION.  SPECIES USED: THE
    RAT.  Arch. Path., Chic, 1942, 34: 334-
    357.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1943, 17: No. 4722; Chem. Abstr., 1943, 37:
    14901.  "In rats with  the thyroid, para-
    thyroids and hypophysis removed, the growth
    hormone extract and thyroxine repaired the
    defect, which thyroxine alone failed to do."
    - Chem. Abstr.
1278
  Becks,  H., Scow, R. 0., Simpson, M. E., Asling,
    C. W., Li, C. H. and Evans, H. M.  RESPONSE
    BY THE RAT THYRO-PARATHYROIDECTOMIZED AT
    BIRTH TO GROWTH HORMONE AND TO THYROXIN
    GIVEN SEPARATELY OR IN COMBINATION.  III.
    SKELETAL CHANGES: TIBIA, METACARPAL, AND
    CAUDAL VERTEBRAE.  Anat. Rec, 1950, 107:
    299-317.  5 refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta
    med., Sect. 3, 1951, 5: No. 104.  Histologic
    and roentgenographic Findings showed that
    thyroidectomy retarded growth and dif-
    ferentiation, that growth hormone stimulated
    growth without differentiation, and that thy-
    roxin stimulated both growth and differentia-
    tion .
1279
  Becks, H., Simpson, M. F. and Evans, H. M.
    OSSIFICATION AT THE PROXIMAL TIBIAL EPI-
    PHYSIS IN THE RAT.  II. CHANGES IN FEMALES
    AT PROGRESSIVELY LONGER INTERVALS FOLLOWING
    HYPOPHYSECTOMY.  Anat. Rec, 1945, 92: 121-
    133.  3 pi.  9 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1945, 19: No. 21511.
1280
  Becks, H., Simpson, M. E., Evans, H. M., Ray,
    R. D., Li, C. H. and Asling, C. W.  RESPONSE
    TO PITUITARY GROWTH HORMONE AND THYROXIN OF
    THE TIBIAS OF HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS AFTER
    LONG POSTOPERATIVE INTERVALS.  Anat. Rec,
    1946, 94: 631-655.  3 pi.  7 refs.  Ab-
    stracted* in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1946, 20:
    No. 17160.  Osteogenic processes were re-
    awakened in the epiphyseal cartilage by ad-
    ministration of pituitary growth hormone.
    Thyroxine had a synergic effect on this re-
    sponse by the epiphyseal cartilage but an-
    tagonized the response by cartilage covering
    the head of the tibia.
1281
  Becks, H., Simpson, M. E., Li, C. H. and
    Evans, H. M.  EFFECTS OF ADRENOCORTICO-
    TROPIC HORMONE ON THE OSSEOUS SYSTEM IN
    NORMAL RATS.  Endocrinology, 1944, 34:
    305-310.  2 pi.  2 refs.  Abstracted1"in:
    Chem: Abstr., 1944, 38: 40198; Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1944,~T9: No. 19103; Nutrit.
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 194*4*^45,  14: No. 2386.
    Chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in the
    epiphyseal region of the tibia were re-
    tarded .
1282
  Becks, H., Simpson, M. E., Marx, W., Li,
    C. H. and Evans, H. M.  ANTAGONISM OF
    PITUITARY ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE
    (ACTH) TO THE ACTION OF GROWTH HORMONE
    ON THE OSSEOUS SYSTEM OF HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED
    RATS.  Endocrinology, 1944, 34:  311-316.
    2 pi.  4 refs.   "Comparisons"Eave been
    made of the proximal epiphyseal regions of
    the tibias of hypophysectomized rats, when
    uninjected, injected with ACTH,  with growth
    hormone or with the combination."

1283
  Becks, H., Simpson, M. E., Scow, R. 0.,
    Asling, C. W. and Evans, H. M.  SKELETAL
    CHANGES IN RATS THYROIDECTOMIZED ON THE DAY
    OF BIRTH AND THE EFFECTS OF GROWTH HORMONE
    IN SUCH ANIMALS; TIBIA, METACARPAL AND CAU-
    DAL VERTEBRAE .   Anat. Rec, 1948, 100: 561-
    575.  3 pi.  11 refs.  Abstracted T57 Biol.
    Abstr., Bait.,  1949, 23: No. 14855; Ber.
    ges. Physiol.,  1950, Til: 77; Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 1, 1950,  4: No."T371.  Histologic
    examination continued measurement and
    roentgenographic evidence that skeletal
    growth and differentiation were greatly re-
    tarded but not  completely checked by thy-
    roidectomy.  Injections of growth hormone
    resulted in increased size without advance
    in differentiation.
  Belkin, R. I.  VLIIANIE VESHCHESTVA ZADNEI
    D0LI GIP0FIZA NA REGENERATSIIU Y AKSOLOTLEI.
    [INFLUENCE OF THE POSTERIOR PITUITARY SUB-
    STANCE ON REGENERATION IN THE AXOLOTL]
    Doklady Akad. nauk SSSR, 1934, 2: 317-320.
    5 refs.  Russian and German texts.
1285
  Cannavo, L. and Indovina, R.  EINFLUSS DES
    PROLANS AUF DIE MAGNESIUMBILANZ UND AUF DEN
    MAGNESIUMGEHALT VERSCHIEDENER ORGANE.
    Biochem. Zschr., 1933, 261: 45-46 and
    folded tab.  5 refs.
1286
  Casuccio, C, Santacroce, A. and Banfo, G.
    STUDIO ISTO-CHIMICO SULL'AZIONE DELL'ACTH
    SULL'ACCRESCIMENTO SCHELETRICO CON RIFERI-
    MENTI ALL'ACCRESCIMENTO MORFOLOGICO GENE-
    RALE.  Ortop. traumat. app. motore, 1953,
    21: 83-107.  36 refs.  ACTH seemed to in-
    ETbit general growth and caused a distur-
    bance in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis
    in the epiphyseal discs.  Histochemical
    staining showed a decrease of mucopoly-
    saccharides.
1287
  Collins, D. A., Becks, H., Asling,  C. W.,
    Simpson, M. E.  and Evans,  H.  M.  CHANGES IN
    THE OSSIFICATION OF THE THIRD METACARPAL
    OCCURRING AT PROGRESSIVELY LONGER INTERVALS
    FOLLOWING HYPOPHYSECTOMY IN THE FEMALE  RAT.
    Anat. Rec, 1948, 101: 13-16.  1 ref.  Ab-
    stracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 1, 1949,
    3: No. 720.  "Regressive changes, starting
    as early as 6 days following the operation,
    consisted in cessation of chondrogenesis
    and osteogenesis, and calcification of  the
    juxtamedullary  portions of the cartilage
    plate.  These changes culminated in marked
    atrophy of the  plate and its complete
    sealing off from the marrow cavities on
    both sides.  This cartilage plate failed to
    be resorbed at  the usual time of epiphyseal
    closure, and persisted in a dormant state."

1288
  Collins, D. A., Becks, H., Asling, C. W.  ,
    Simpson, M. E.  and Evans,  H.  M.  THE GROWTH
    OF HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED FEMALE RATS FOLLOWING
    CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH PURE PITUITARY GROWTH
    HORMONE.  V. SKELETAL CHANGES: SKULL AND
    DENTITION.  Growth, Phila., 1949, 13: 207-
    220.  8 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1950, 24: No. 6148. 
72
HORMONAL INFLUENCE
  tinued)
PITUITARY (Con-
L 289
  Dandy,  W.  E.  and Reichert,  F.  L.   STUDIES ON
    EXPERIMENTAL HYPOPHYSECTOMY IN  DOGS.   III.
    SOMATIC, MENTAL AND GLANDULAR EFFECTS.
    Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp.,  1938,  62:  122-
    155.   13 refs.  Abstracted  in:  BioT.  Abstr.,
    Bait., 1939, 13: No. 3810.   In  this study
    made  with puppTes, the rate of  growth of
    the skull, of the right hind limb, the index
    of skeletal growth, the condition of epiphy-
    seal  lines and their time of closure were
    determined by roentgenograms made at fre-
    quent intervals.  Data is summarized in
    tables.

1290
  Domm, L. V. and Bloom, W.  MEDULLARY BONE
    FORMATION IN BABY CHICKS FOLLOWING INJEC-
    TION OF GONADOGEN.  Anat. Rec, 1931, 81:
    Suppl.,  91-92.  An abstract.


1291
  Ducommun,  P.  L'INFLUENCE DE  L'ACTH SUR LE
    CARTILAGE ET LE TISSU OSSEUX DES RATS IH-
    MATURES.  Acta endocr., Kbh., 1950, 4:  343-
    350.   11 refs.  Abstracted  in:  Biol.  Abstr.,
    Bait., 1951, 25: No. 4619.
1292
  Ellis,  S.,  Huble,  J. and Simpson,  M.  E.   IN-
    FLUENCE OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY AND GROWTH HORMONE
    ON CARTILAGE SULFATE METABOLISM.  Proc.  Soc.
    Exp.  Biol., N.  Y., 1953,  84:  603-605.   7
    refs.  Abstracted in:  Chem.  Abstr.,  1954,
    48: 4074°.
1293
  Ellis, S.,  Simpson,  M.  E.  and Evans,  H.  M.
    THE EFFECT OF GROWTH HORMONE ON TIBIA  GLY-
    COGEN CONTENT OF THE HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RAT.
    Endocrinology, 1953,  52:  554-558.   7 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol.  ABstr., Bait., 1954,
    28: No. 830;  Chem. Abstr.,  1954, 48: 3509f.
1294
  Evans, H. M.,  Asling,  C.  W.,  Simpson,  M.  E.
    and Becks,  H.  THE GROWTH OF HYPOPHYSECTO-
    MIZED FEMALE RATS FOLLOWING CHRONIC  TREAT-
    MENT WITH PURE PITUITARY GROWTH HORMONE.
    IV. SKELETAL CHANGES: DIFFERENCES IN RE-
    SPONSE FROM  THAT OF INTACT RATS.   Growth,
    Phila., 1949, 13: 191-205.   10 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: BTol. Abstr.,  Bait.,  1950,
    24: No. 6150.  Study by roentgenograms.
    "In the growth of the hypophysectomized
    rats injected with growth hormone many
    skeletal disproportions developed, notably
    in the head  and pelvis.  In the injected
    intact rats, however, proportionality was
    maintained in the skeletal  growth, almost
    without exception."
1295
  Evans,  H.  M.,  Becks,  H.,  Asling,  C.  W.  and
    Li,  C. H.  DIFFERENCES  IN BONES AS REGARDS
    THEIR RESPONSE TO THE PITUITARY GROWTH HOR-
    MONE. Anat. Rec,  1948,  100:  739.
1296
  Evans,  H. M.,  Becks,  H.,  Asling,  C.  W. .
    Simpson, M.  E.  and  Li,  C. H.   THE  GIGANTISM
    PRODUCED IN  NORMAL  RATS BY INJECTION  OF THE
    PITUITARY GROWTH HORMONE.  IV.  SKELETAL
    CHANGES: TIBIA,  COSTOCHONDRAL JUNCTION, AND
    CAUDAL VERTEBRAE.  Growth, Phila., 1948, 12:
    43-54.  3 refs.   Normal female rats,  ap-
    proximately  210  days old, were used.   "The
    outstanding  fact of this experiment is that
    skeletal growth  was still continuing,  even
    though slowly,  at the end of  the 437  day
    period of growth hormone injection."
1297
  "tARGE^S ^S^^^^Sio,
    ^C^2^5RAT2S-re?s?a S^al^ow^n
    rlis'as exemplified by growth of pelvis and
    tail, and increase in body weight,was nor
    mal!' Sowth hormone *-c*ion/PPe"5d*°hJve
    independent of other exocrines and to have
    a direct effect upon the skeleton  "viscles
    and various organs.  It was believed that
    other points of attack existed apart from
    the cartilage of the epiphyseal growth
    disc.

12|«„h  x   rovie  L  H  and Kroon, D. B.  OB-
  FrIERVATi6NSeONeGRSwT?-(CHONDR0TR0PHIC) HOR-
    MONE AND LOCALIZATION OF ITS P0INT OF AT-
    TACK.  J. Endocr., Oxf., 1939, 1: 56-64   3
    pi   30 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1940, 14: No. 6398.  In hypophysecto-
    mized rats cessation of longitudinal bone
    growth and epiphyseal closure were observed
    especially in the tail.  Administration of
    growth hormone failed to reverse this con-
    dition.  When growth hormone was administer-
    ed before epiphyseal closure growth con-
    tinued normally.  It was concluded that the
    growth defect after hypophysectomy is local-
    ized in the growing epiphyseal cartilage and
    that the point of attack of growth hormone
    is the proliferating cartilage.

1299
  Gaillard, P. J.  DIE GLANDULA HYPOPHYSIS VON
    KANINCHEN IN DER GEWEBEZUCHTUNG, IHRE STRUK-
    TURVERANDERUNGEN UND IHR  EINFLUSS AUF DAS
    WACHSTUM VON MIT DIESEN ZUSAMMENGEZUCHTETEN
    KULTUREN OSTEOGENETISCHER ZELLEN.  Proto-
    plasma, Lpz., 1937, 28: 1-17.  7 refs.

1300
  Geschwind,  I.  I., Li, C. H. and Evans, H. M.
    THE EFFECTS  OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY AND  OF GROWTH
    HORMONE ON THE UPTAKE OF RADIOACTIVE PHOS-
    PHORUS BY TISSUES.  Arch. Biochem., N. Y.,
    1951, 31: 168-182.  The uptake  of  ?32 by  the
    tibia of*  the hypophysectomized  rat was less
    than normal.  When  the hypophysectomized
    animal was maintained with growth  hormone
    decrease  in  bone P32 uptake  due to hypo-
    physec tomy was prevented.

1301
  Handelsman, M. B. and Gordon, E.  F.  GROWTH
    AND BONE CHANGES IN RATS INJECTED WITH AN-
    TERIOR PITUITARY EXTRACT.  J. Pharm. Exp.
    Ther., 1930, 38: 349-362.  pi.   18 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1933,
    7: No. 5613; Chem. Abstr., 1930,  24: 3282.

1302
  Hsieh, K., Wang, T. and Blumenthal,  H. T.
    EFFECT OF SOMATOTROPIN ON EMBRYONAL BONE
    GROWTH.  Fed. Proc, Bait.,  1953,  12:
    392.  An  abstract.  This experiment-deals
    with the  tibias of  chick embryos.   It was
    found that "growth  hormone produces a
    marked increase in  mitotic activity of both
    the growth zones and periosteum,  followed
    by an increase  in the average cell volume
    of the growth zone,  resulting in a thicken-
    ing of the latter area."  There  is also "an
    increase  in  total nitrogen content of bone,
    but no appreciable  change in calcium or
    phosphorus content.   ... results indicate
    an enhancement of protein synthesis in
    embryonal bone  by growth hormone..."
1303
Jongh  S  E. de.  GROEIHORMOON EN GROEI.  Hor-
  moon, 1951, 15:  154-169.  23 refs.  Ab-
  stracted in:"Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1951, 25-
  No. 35999.  See particularly p. 156-157 Tor
  discussion of growth hormone and the skele-
  ton. 
73
HORMONAL INFLUENCE
  tinued)
PITUITARY (Con-
1304
  Jongh, S. E. de, Paesi, F. J. A. and Wieringen,
    G. van.  THE INFLUENCE OF GROWTH HORMONE ON
    THE GROWTH OF THE SKELETON AND SOFT TISSUES
    OF THE BODY.  Arch, internat. pharm. dyn.,
    Par., 1950, 82: 148-154.  8 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in:~Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1952, 26:
    No. 715; Chem. Abstr., 1950, 44: 7951h.
1305
  Kibrick, E. A., Becks, H., Marx, W. and Evans,
    H. M.  THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSE LEVELS
    OF GROWTH HORMONE ON THE TIBIA OF YOUNG
    HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED FEMALE RATS.  Growth,
    Ithaca, 1941, 5: 437-447.  14 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Cnem. Abstr., 1942, 36: 32447;
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1942, 16: No~12121.
1306
  Li, C. H., Evans, H. M. and Simpson, M. E.
    ISOLATION AND PROPERTIES OF THE ANTERIOR
    HYPOPHYSEAL GROWTH HORMONE.  J. Biol. Chem.
    1945, 159: 353-366.  26 refs.
1307
  Lichtwitz, A., Parlier, R. and Thiery, G.  LE
    MECANISME DE LA CROISSANCE DES OS LONGS.
    Rev. rhumat., Par., 1953, 20: 256-263.
    Traces the processes of growth in the epi-
    physeal cartilage from a series of cells to
    bone trabeculae.  These processes, probably
    enzymatic, are controlled by hormones.
    Growth is controlled almost exclusively by
    somatropin, the growth hormone of the an-
    terior pituitary.  Arrested growth depends
    on the sex hormones.  In large doses sex
    hormones cause symphysis of the epiphyseal
    cartilage, in weak doses they promote multi-
    plication of pituitary eosinophil cells
    which produce somatropin.  Thus, the same
    hormone is capable of retarding and pro-
    moting growth.
1308
  Lucke, H. and Httckel, R.  EXPERIMENTELLE
    UNTERSUCHUNGEN ZUR FRAGE DER WACHSTUMS-
    WIRKUNG VON HYPOPHYSENVORDERLAPPENEXTRAK-
    TEN.  Arch. exp. Path., Lpz., 1933, 169:
    290-297.  10 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1936, 10: No. 16143.

1309
  Martin Cazorla, F.  APORTACIONES AL.ESTUDIO
    DEL SISTEMA ESQUELfiTICO EN RELACION CON EL
    SISTEMA INCRETOR ORAL.  JUICIO CRfTICO EN
    LA PRIMERA MITAD DEL DESARROLLO EMBRIONARIO.
    Actual, med., Granada, 1951, 27: 84-93.  8
    refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect.
    1, 1952, 6: No. 88.


  Marx  W. and Reinhardt, W. O.  LACK OF EFFECT
    OF GROWTH HORMONE ON DEPOSITION OF RADIO-
    STRONTIUM IN BONE.  Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol.,
    N  Y   1942, 51: 112-114.  4 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: BTol. Abstr., Bait., 1943, 17:
    No. 8479; Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1943-44,
    13: No. 2384.  In hypophysectomized rats,
    treated with growth hormone, the deposition
    of radioactive strontium in femur and mandi-
    ble was the same as in untreated hypophy-
    sectomized rats.

1311
  Marx, W., Simpson, M. E. and Evans, H. M.
    SPECIFICITY OF THE EPIPHYSEAL CARTILAGE
    TEST FOR THE PITUITARY GROWTH HORMONE.
    Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1944, 55:
    250-252.  7 refs.  Study of the action of
    the purified hypophyseal hormones, other
    than the growth hormone, on the epiphy-
    seal cartilage of the rat.
1312
  Quimby, F. H.,  Bartlett, R. G. and Artress,
    J. L.  EFFECTS OF HORMONE, VITAMIN, AND
    LIVER SUPPLEMENTS ON THE APPETITE AND GROWTH
    OF THE YOUNG RAT DURING RECOVERY FROM CHRONIC
    STARVATION.  Am. J. Physiol., 1951, 166:  566-
    567.  26 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,
    1952, 46: 174c.   "Reduced but continued bone
    growth occurred  during chronic starvation.
    Althought the growth rate was increased by
    refceding, the femur after 60 days recovery
    did not attain a normal size.  None of the
    treatments in the amounts administered pro-
    duced any measurable effect on the size of
    the skeleton.  It appears that chronic
    starvation produces a fundamental irrever-
    sible change in  the mechanism of bone growtt
    resulting in a degree of permanent skeletal
    dwarfing."

1313
  Ray, R. D., Asling, C. W., Walker, D. G.,
    Simpson, M. E.,  Li, C. H. and Evans, H. M.
    GROWTH AND DIFFERENTIATION OF THE SKELETON
    IN THYROIDECTOMIZED-HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS
    TREATED WITH THYROXIN, GROWTH HORMONE, AND
    THE COMBINATION.  J. Bone Surg., 1954, 36A:
    94-103.  23 refs.

1314
  Ray, R. D., Evans, H. M. and Becks, H.  THE
    EFFECT OF GROWTH HORMONE INJECTIONS ON THE
    00STOCH0NDRAL JUNCTION OF THE RAT RIB.  Anat.
    Rec, 1942, 82:  67-75.  2 pi.  4 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1942, 16:
    No. 12133.

1315
  Ray, R. D., Evans, H. M. and Becks, H.  EFFECT
    OF THE PITUITARY GROWTH HORMONE ON THE EPI-
    PHYSEAL DISK OF THE TIBIA OF THE RAT.  Am.
    J. Path., 1941,  17: 509-528.  3 pi.  12
    refs.  Abstracted*~in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1942, 16: No. 22011.
1316
  Ray, R. D.,  Simpson,  M.  E.,  Li,  C..  H., Asling,
    C. W. and  Evans,  H. M.   EFFECTS OF  THE  PITUI-
    TARY GROWTH HORMONE AND OF THYROXIN ON  GROWTH
    AND DIFFERENTIATION OF THE SKELETON OF  THE
    RAT THYROIDECTOMIZED AT BIRTH.   Am.  J.  Anat.,
    1950, 86:  479-516.   24 refs.   Abstracted  in:
    Biol. ABstr.,  Bait., 1951, 25:  No.  964; Ex-
    cerpta med.,  Sect.  3,  1951,"3:  No.  767.   The
    effects of growth hormone  anH  thyroxin  in-
    jections in rats  thyroparathyroidectomized at
    birth were studied  with regard to body
    length, body weight, and skeletal maturation
    as measured roentgenographically, chemically,
    and histologically.
1317
Rib§iro do Valle,  J.   §OBRE A INFLUENCIA  DO
  LOBO ANTERIOR DA HIPOFISE NO PROCESSO DE
  OSSIFICACAO ENDOCONDRAL.   Rev.  brasil.  biol.,
  1944, 4: 13-26.   16 refs.  English summary.
  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1944, 38:  63526.
1318
  Ross, E. S. and McLean,  F.  C.   THE INFLUENCE
    OF THE GROWTH-PROMOTING HORMONE OF THE AN-
    TERIOR LOBE OF THE PITUITARY UPON GROWTH
    ACTIVITY IN THE LONG BONES OF THE RAT.
    Endocrinology, 1940, 27:  329-339.  pi.
    14 refs.  Abstracted Tn:  Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1941, 15: No. 360; Chem. Abstr.,
    1940, 34: 699""*T.
1319
  Sammartino, R.  ESTUDI0 HISTOLOGICO DEL PR0CES0
    DE OSIFICACION EN ANIMALES HIPOFISOPRIVOS.
    79p.  Buenos Aires, A. L6pez,  1938.  (Tests
    de Profesorado).   8 refs. 
74
HORMONAL INFLUENCE
  tinued)
PITUITARY (Con-
1320
  Shepanek, L. A.  THE EFFECT OF ENDOCRINE SUB-
    STANCES (ACTH AND GROWTH HORMONE) ON EXPERI-
    MENTAL FRACTURE.  Surg. Gyn. Obst., 1953,
    96: 200-204.  4 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    ABstr., Bait., 1953, 27: No. 16395; Excerpta
    med., Sect. 9, 1954, B7 No. 2151.
1321
  Silberberg, M.  EFFECT OF CATTLE ANTERIOR
    PITUITARY EXTRACT ON BONE AND CARTILAGE OF
    THE JOINT (ACROMEGALIC ARTHROPATHIA).  Proc
    Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1936, 34: 333-334.
    3 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. ABstr., Bait.,
    1937. 11: No. 11439; Chem. Abstr., 1936, 30:
    83241
1322
  Silberberg, M.  EFFECTS OF EXTRACT OF CATTLE
    ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND ON ENDOCHONDRAL OS-
    SIFICATION IN YOUNG GUINEA PIGS.  Proc. Soc.
    Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1935, 32: 1423-1425.  2
    refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1936,
    30: 38798.
1323
  Silberberg,  M.  EFFECTS OF EXTRACT OF CATTLE
    ANT. PITUITARY ON ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION
    IN THYROIDECTOMIZED YOUNG GUINEA PIGS.   Proc
    Soc. Exp.  Biol.,  N.  Y., 1936,  33: 554-558.
    11 refs.   Abstracted in: Biol."Sbstr.,  Bait.,
    1937, 11:  No. 13601.
1324
  Silberberg, M. and Silberberg, R.  CHANGES IN
    THE RIBS OF GUINEA PIGS FOLLOWING ADMINISTRA-
    TION OF CATTLE ANTERIOR PITUITARY EXTRACT.
    Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1937, 36: 622-
    625.  2 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. XBstr.,
    1937, 31: 71123.  The  report deals only with
    the action of anterior pituitary extract on
    the chondro-osseous junction of  the ribs of
    normal as well as of thyroidectomized guinea
    pigs.
1325
  Silberberg, M. and Silberberg, R.  COMBINED
    EFFECTS OF AN ESTROGEN AND AN ANTERIOR HYPO-
    PHYSIAL EXTRACT ON THE SKELETON OF THE GROW-
    ING MOUSE.  Arch. Path., Chic,  1945, 39:
    381-387.  13 refs.  "The two hormones oppose
    each other  in their action on the growth of
    cartilage, but they cooperate in accelerating
    the  age changes in the  latter and in the
    overproduction of bone, anterior hypophysial
    hormone by stimulating osteoblastic bone
    formation and estrogen by promoting hyalini-
    zation of the marrow and by inhibiting the
    resorption of bone.  Thus, the two hormones
    do  not neutralize each other but each tends
    to  exert  its own effects on the  receptor
    tissue.   The skeletal  effects of estrogen
    are  direct ones and not mediated by the an-
    terior lobe of the hypophysis."
1326
  Silberberg, M. and  Silberberg, R.  A COMPARISON
    OF  THE EFFECTS OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONE
    ON  SKELETAL TISSUES  OF YOUNG AND MATURE
    GUINEA PIGS.  Am. J. Path., 1939,  .15:  547-
    560.  pi.   7  refs.   Abstracted  in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1940, 14: No. 4554.
1327
  Silberberg, M. and Silberberg, R.  EFFECT OF
    ACID EXTRACT OF CATTLE ANT. PITUITARY ON
    BONE REPAIR  IN THYROIDECTOMIZED  GUINEA PIGS.
    Proc. Soc.  Exp. Biol.,  N. Y., 1936, 34: 108-
    110.  3 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. ABstr.,
    Bait., 1937, 11: No. 10930.  "Thus anterior
    pituitary extract of cattle counteracts and
    overcomes the growth preventing  effect on
    cartilage and bone of  young guinea-pigs
    exerted by  thryoidectomy and causes an ac-
    celerated healing tendency of the  fracture
    and  a faster consolidation of the callus.
    The  extract evidently  exerts its influence
    independently of  the thyroid gland.  There
    is  under  these conditions a parallelism be-
    tween the process of endochondral  ossifica-
    tion in the epiphyseal line and  the healing
    of  the fractures by  means of a  callus."
 1328
   Silberberg,  M.  and Silberberg,  R.  THE EFFECT
     OF THYROIDECTOMY AND ADMINISTRATION OF AN-
     TERIOR PITUITARY EXTRACT OF CATTLE ON THE
     GROWTH OF CARTILAGE AND BONE OF IMMATURE
     QUINEA PIGS.   Am. J. Path., 1940, 16: 505-
     524.   2 pi.  32 refs.  Abstracted In: Biol.
     Abstr., Bait., 1941, 15: No.  2149.

 1329
   Silberberg,  M.  and Silberberg,  R.  EFFECTS OF
     PROLONGED INJECTIONS OF BOVINE ANTERIOR
     PITUITARY EXTRACT ON BONE AND CARTILAGE OF
     GUINEA PIGS.   Arch. Path., Chic, 1940, 29:
     355-367.   21  refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
     Abstr., Bait., 1940, 14: No.  11827.

 1330
   Silberberg,  M.  and Silberberg,  R.  EFFECTS OF
     SYNGENESIOTRANSPLANTS AND OF EXTRACTS OF THE
     ANTERIOR LOBE OF THE BOVINE HYPOPHYSIS ON
     THE AGE CHANGES IN THE LONG BONES AND JOINTS
     OF MICE.   Am. J. Path., 1941, 17: 189-210.
     3  pi.   22  refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
     Bait.,  1941,  1J5: No. 12311.

 1331
   Silberberg,  M.  and Silberberg,  R.  EFFECTS OF
     THE "GROWTH HORMONE" OF THE ANTERIOR HYPOPHY-
     SIS (ANTUITRIN G) ON THE SKELETON OF MICE
     AND GUINEA PIGS.  Am. J. Path., 1942, 18-
     1141-1157. pi.  25 refs.  Abstracted Tn:
     Biol.  Abstr., Bait., 1943, 17:  No. 8488;
     Chem.  Abstr., 1944, 38: 591T2.   in growing
     animals antuitrin G Induced temporary stimu-
     lation  of  epiphyseal cartilage  proliferation,
     followed by a shortened growth  period and
     premature  and accelerated aging.   Bone for-
     mation  and resorption were also stimulated.
     In  adult mice epiphyseal cartilage prolifera-
     tion did not  occur but existing processes
     were accelerated.   It was concluded that the
     action  of  alkaline hypophyseal  extract upon
     bone and cartilage was essentially the same
     as  that of the acid extracts  of the bovine
     anterior hypophysis,  previously tested
1332
  Silberberg, M.  and Silberberg, R.   INFLUENCE
    OF ACID EXTRACT OF CATTLE ANTERIOR PITUITARY
    GLAND ON BONE  REPAIR  IN  YOUNG GUINEA  PIGS
    Proc.  Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1936, 33:  177-
    179.  1 ref.  Abstracted  in: Biol  ABstr
    Bait.,   1937,  11: No.  5935.
1333
1334
Silberberg,  M.  and Silberberg, R.  INFLUENCE
  OF CATTLE ANTERIOR PITUITARY EXTRACT ON EN-
  DOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION IN YOUNG OVARIECTO-
  MIZED GUINEA PIGS.  Proc. Soc  Exp  Biol
  N. Y., 1937,  37: 446-450.  4 refs.' Ab-  "
  stracted in:  Chem. Abstr., 1938, 32: 54612
iyoi,  J.  448-449.   An abstract.
1335
Simpson, M.  E.,  Van Dyke,  D. C., Asling, C  W
  and Evans, H.  M.   REGENERATION OF THE CAL-  '
  VARIUM IN YOUNG NORMAL AND GROWTH HORMONE
  TREATED HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS.  Anat  Rec
  1953  115: 615-625.  3 pi.  3 refs.  Ab-    '
  stractedin:  Biol. Abstr., Bait , 1953  27-

  En' 9nQ50;»fferpta,-ed-' Sect- 3' 1954,-g:
  No. 209.  After removal of the calvarium of
  young rats, regeneration was soon comDletP
  bone forming at the cut edges and from III'
  lands in the dura.  it was noted that re
  moval of the dura with the calvarium was
  followed by complete lack  of bony recent
  tion which led to the assumption that cal
  varium bone forms from osteoblasts left in
  the dura at operation.   It was also observe
  that there was complete  lack of bone  repair
  in hypophysectomized rats not treated with
  growth hormone. 
75
HORMONAL INFLUENCE
  tinued)
PITUITARY (Con-
1336
  Spinelli
inelli, A. and Talia, F.  IP<
OSEO (RICERCHE SPERIMENTALI)
                          IPOFISI E CALLO
                               Arch, radiol.
Nap., 1930, 6: 748-762.  5 pi.  28 refs.
Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1933, 7-
No. 12950.                                -'
1337
  Ulrich,  F., Copp, D. H., Asling, C. W., Li,
    C.  H.  and Reinhardt,  W. O.  THE EFFECTS OF
    ACTH ON THE METABOLISM OF RADIOACTIVE CAL-
    CIUM IN NORMAL AND HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS.
    Endocrinology, 1951,  48: 245-248.  7 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol.  A"bstr . ,  Bait., 1951,
    25: No. 30614; Chem.  Abstr.,  1953, 47:
    I"Z70h.                             —
1344
  Wolbach, S. B. and Maddock, C. L.  VITAMIN-A
    ACCELERATION OF BONE GROWTH SEQUENCES IN
    HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS.  A.M.A. Arch. Path.
    1952, 53: 273-278.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr.7~Balt., 1952, 26: No. 20661; Nutrit.
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 195*57 22: No. 1825.  "We
    conclude that the skeletal responses to ex-
    cessive vitamin A administration are not
    mediated through the pituitary gland."

See:
440	778	779	780	832
833	849	1158	1251	1444
1472	1474	1493	1526	1540
2131				
1338
  Ulrich, F., Reinhardt, W. 0. and Li, C. H.
    THE EFFECTS OF HYPOPHYSEAL GROWTH HORMONE ON
    THE METABOLISM OF CA45  in HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED
    RATS.  Endocrinology, 1951, 49: 213-217.  9
    refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. ABstr., Bait.,
    1952, 26: No. 27907; Nutrit. Abstr., Aber-
    deen, T9*51-52, 21: No.  5145.  The hormone
    increased slightTy the  deposition of Ca4">
    in the bones but had no definite effect on
    calcium metabolism.
1339
  Ulrich, F., Reinhardt, W. O. and Li, C. H.
    SOME ASPECTS OF THE ROLE OF PITUITARY HOR-
    MONES IN CALCIUM METABOLISM.  I. ADRENO-
    CORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE.  Acta endocr., Kbh.
    1952, 10: 97-116.  21 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. ABstr., Bait., 1953, 27: No. 3880.
1340
  Ulrich, F., Reinhardt, W. 0. and Li, C. H.
    SOME ASPECTS OF THE ROLE OF PITUITARY HOR-
    MONES IN CALCIUM METABOLISM.  II. GROWTH
    HORMONE.  Acta endocr., Kbh., 1952, 10:
    117-127.  4 refs.  Abstracted in: BioT.
    Abstr., Bait., 1953, 27: No. 3831; Chem.
    Abstr., 1954, 48: 242*57
1341
  Walker, D. G., Asling, C. W., Simpson, M. E.,
    Li, C. H. and Evans, H. M.  STRUCTURAL AL-
    TERATIONS IN RATS HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED AT SIX
    DAYS OF AGE AND THEIR CORRECTION WITH GROWTH
    HORMONE.  Anat. Rec, 1952, 114: 19-48.  13
    refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1953, 27: No. 12774.  Skeletal growth was
    not immediately arrested after operation but
    showed retardation and lack of further dif-
    ferentiation after three weeks.  Treatment
    with growth hormone restored growth but no
    further maturation was observed.  Other
    organs and tissues were also studied.
1342
  Walker, D. G., Simpson, M. E., Asling, C. W.
    and Evans, H. M.  GROWTH AND DIFFERENTIATION
    IN THE RAT FOLLOWING HYPOPHYSECTOMY AT 6
    DAYS OF AGE.  Anat. Rec, 1950, 106: 539-
    554.  11 refs.  "Skeletal growth-of" H28 rats
    was reduced to a very slow rate immediately
    after operation, whereas skeletal growth of
    H6 rats continued for three weeks at a rate
    of 60% of normal... then continued at a very
    slow rate.  Differentiation or maturation of
    the skeleton did not cease abruptly in either
    group..."
1343
  Weisschedel, E.  DIE MANGELHAFTE LEISTUNG
    VERSCHIEDENER INKRETORISCHER ORGANE UND DIE
    HEILUNG VON KNOCHENBRUCHEN.  Arch. klin.
    Chir., 1951, 267: 187-188.
HORMONAL INFLUENCE - SALIVARY GLANDS

  see SALIVARY GLANDS - INFLUENCE
HORMONAL INFLUENCE
SEX HORMONES
 1345
   Amante,  S.  and Bidone, E.  AZIONE DEL DIPRO-
    PIONATO DI ANDROSTENDIOLO SULLA FORMAZIONE
    DEL CALLO NELLE  FRATTURE SPERIMENTALI.
    Minerva chir., Tor., 1950, 5: 779-784.  22
    refs.   Abstracted  in: Excerpta med., Sect.
    5,  1951,  4: No.  3071.

 1346
   Armstrong,  W. D.,  Knowlton, M. and Gouze, M.
    INFLUENCE OF ESTRADIOL AND TESTOSTERONE PRO-
    PIONATES  ON SKELETAL ATROPHY FROM DISUSE AND
    ON  NORMAL BONES  OF MATURE RATS.  Endocrin-
    ology,  1945, 36: 313-322.  12 refs.  Ab-
    stracted  in: BTol. Abstr., Bait., 1945, 19:
    No.  21521; Chem. Abstr., 1945, 39: 41291*7"

 1347
   Berezkina,  L. F.  VLIIANIE POLOVAGO GORMONA
    NA REGENEROTSIIU KOSTI.   [INFLUENCE OF SEX
    HORMONE ON BONE REGENERATION]  Doklady
    Akad. nauk SSSR, 1948,  59:  147-150.  10
    refs.  An experimental study on 70 2-month-
    old  rats  (40 males and 30 females).  All
    rats were subjected to fracture of leg and
    given testosterone propionate or estrone in-
    jection in oil solution.  It was found ex-
    cess of hormone stimulates the knitting pro-
    cess of fracture only when testosterone is
    given to  males and estrone to females.  In-
    jection of estrone in males has no influence
    on  bone regeneration.

 1348
   Bloom, M. A., Bloom, W. and McLean, F. C.
    THE ROLE  OF ANDROGEN IN THE PRODUCTION OF
    MEDULLARY BONE IN PIGEONS BY THE ADMINI-
    STRATION  OF SEX HORMONES.  Am. J. Physiol.,
    1941, 133: P216.  An abstract.

 1349
  Buchwald, K. W.  and Hudson, L.   THE BIOCHEMI-
    CAL EFFECTS OF INJECTIONS OF SEX HORMONES
    INTO HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS.   Endocrinology,
    1947, 41:  111-118.  13 refs.   Abstracted
    in: Biol.  Abstr., Bait., 1948, 22: No. 8711;
    Excerpta  med., Sect.  3,  1948, 2: No. 822.

1350
  Budy, A. M., Urist, M.  R.  and McLean, F. C.
    THE EFFECT OF ESTROGENS ON THE GROWTH AP-
    PARATUS OF THE BONES OF IMMATURE RATS.  Am.
    J. Path.,  1952, 28: 1143-1167.  6 pi.  19
    refs.  Abstracted-in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1953, 27:  No.  9659; Chem. Abstr., 1953, 47:
    5522e.  The only effect of moderate doses
    of estrogen upon the bones of rats is in-
    terference with resorption of the spongy
    bone in the metaphysis.   Testosterone pro-
    pionate given alone or with estrogen pro-
    duced no  reaction. 
76
HORMONAL INFLUENCE
  tinued)
SEX HORMONES (Con-
1351
  Common, R. H., Rutledge, W. A. and Hale, R. W.
    OBSERVATIONS ON THE MINERAL METABOLISM OF
    THE PULLETS. VIII. THE INFLUENCE OF GONADAL
    HORMONES ON RETENTION OF CALCIUM AND PHOS-
    PHORUS.  J. Agr. Sc, Lond., 1948, 38: 64-
    80.  4 pi.  50 refs.  Androgen and oestro-
    gen together produced retention of Ca and P
    as if the birds were coming into lay.  With
    increased retention there was not an in-
    crease in mechanical strength of long bones.
    Though ossification in bone marrow of the
    tibiae was apparent, the epiphyses were
    frequently looser than in birds receiving
    only one hormone or none.  Fat-free long
    bones were less compact in spite of an in-
    creased rate of storage of calcium and
    phosphorus in the birds.

1352
  Gardner, W. U.  INFLUENCES OF SEX HORMONES ON
    BONE.  RECENT RESEARCH ON OSSEOUS TISSUE.
    Yale Sc. Mag., 1945, 20: No. 3, 7-8, 24, 26,
    28.  11 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1946, 20: No. 10045.  A review of
    the effects of"estrogen,* the steroid hor-
    mones and testerone on the bones of guinea
    pigs and mice.  Estrogen induces medullary
    bone growth in mice.

1353
  Gardner, W. U.  MODIFICATIONS OF BONES OF
    ANIMALS RECEIVING SEX HORMONES.  Anat. Rec,
    1940, 76: Suppl., 22-23.  An abstract.

1354
  Gardner, W. U. and Pfeiffer, C. A.  INFLUENCE
    OF ESTROGENS AND ANDROGENS ON THE SKELETAL
    SYSTEM.  Physiol. Rev., 1943, 23: 139-165.
    226 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1943,
    37: 38133; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1944, 18: No,
    4T35.

1355
  Gardner, W. U. and Pfeiffer, C. A.  INHIBITION
    OF ESTROGENIC EFFECTS ON THE SKELETON BY
    TESTOSTERONE.  Proc Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y. ,
    1938, 38: 599-602.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1938, 12: No. 6421.  "Testos-
    terone propionate inhTBits the skeletal
    changes (pubic resorption and hypercalcifi-
    cation of the skeleton) which occur when
    estrogens are injected over extended peri-
    ods."

1356
  Gardner, W. U. and Pfeiffer, C. A.  SEX HOR-
    MONES AND BONE CHANGES IN MICE.  Anat. Rec.,
    1939, 73: Suppl. No. 2, 21.  An abstract.
1357
 ♦Godfrey, E. F. and Jaap, R. G.  SOME EFFECTS
    OF SEX HORMONES ON BONE DEVELOPMENT AND
    GROWTH IN CHICKENS.  Poultry Sc.,  1951, 30:
    915.  An abstract.

1358
  Lichtwitz, A., Parlier, R. and Thiery, G.
    CROISSANCE ET HORMONES GfiNITALES.   Rev.
    rhumat., Par., 1953,  20: 165-178.   Experi-
    ments with young rats showed that  small
    doses of the sex hormones, particularly
    folliculine, induced  obvious and  invariable
    changes in epiphyseal cartilage growth af-
    ter 7 days, characterized by multiplication
    of cells of the seried cartilage  and the
    hypertrophic cartilage and lengthening of
    the bone trabeculae.

1359
  Lichtwitz, A., Parlier, R., Thifiry,  G. and
    Delaville, M.  MECANISME DE L'ACTION DES
    HORMONES GENITALES SUR LE CARTILAGE DE
    CONJUGAISON.  Sem. h8p., Par., 1951, 27:
    260-265.  Translation in: Prensa med.
    argent., 1951, 38: 1409-1414.
1360
S&SiX'DE CONJUGAISON   S«j  h8p.  Par
19S1  27-  247-260.   Translation in. Frt>u»a
mid 'alien? ;  1951,  38:  1339-1351.
1361      ^  r-  «nrf Mittler  A.  INTERRELATION-
  NoIhip'of-vitamin D an5 THESEX HORMONES IN
    SSlS In^hSsShORUS ^TABOLISM OF RATS
    Proc. Soc Exp. Biol., N. Y , 1948, 67   104
    111   22 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bali ,1948, 22: No. 18003; Nutrit. Abstr.,
    Aberdeen, 1948*"*49, 18: No. 390.
THE
Reifenstein, E. C, Jr. and Albright, F.
  METABOLIC EFFECTS OF STEROID HORMONES IN OS-
  TEOPOROSIS.  J. Clin. Invest., 1947, 26: 24-
  56.  26 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,
  1949, 43: 54871.
1363
  Wentworth, J. H.,  Smith, P. K. and Gardner,
    W  U   THE COMPOSITION OF BONES OF MICE RE-
    CEIVING ESTROGENS AND ANDROGENS.  Endo-
    crinology, 1940, 26: 61-67.  13 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1941, 1_5:
    No. 2163; Chem.  Abstr., 1940, 34: 13724.
See:

  440
1307
HORMONAL INFLUENCE - SEX HORMONES, FEMALE

  see also HORMONAL INFLUENCE - SEX HORMONES
1364
  Baker, B. L. and Leek, J. H.  THE RELATION-
    SHIP OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS TO  THE AC-
    TION OF ESTROGEN ON BONE.  Am. J.  Physiol.,
    1946, 147: 522-526.  13 refs.  "Study of
    the tibias of parathyroidectomized  and  in-
    tack rats treated with large doses  of alpha-
    estradiol dipropionate showed that  'hyper-
    ossification' could be induced in  the ab-
    sence of the parathyroid glands.   It was
    concluded that even though the hypophysis
    is essential to this phenomenon, the para-
    thyroids are unnecessary and, therefore,
    the secretion of a parathyrotrophic factor
    by the hypophysis need not be postulated."
1365
  Baldini, J. T. and Zarrow,  M.  X.   ESTROGEN
    AND SERUM CALCIUM LEVELS  IN  THE BOB WHITE
    QUAIL.  Poultry Sc,  1952, 31:  800-804.   18
    refs.  "Treatment with  estrogens increases
    the serum calcium to  values  as  high as 140
    mg. percent.   In the  starved bird estrogen
    is still able  to produce  a hypercalcemia
    indicating an  action  on the  skeletal cal-
    cium as well as absorption through the
    gastrointestinal tract."
1366
  Barnicot, N. A.  THE LOCAL ACTION OF CALCI-
    FEROL AND OESTRADIOL ON BONE.  J. Anat
    Lond., 1951, 85: 120-134.  42 refs.  Small
    calciferol peTTets attached to pieces of
    mouse parietal bone were grafted intra-
    cerebrally to litter mates and a diffuse
    local resorption was observed after 14 d
locai xcoux y «.i*^" t,^.^, „~w~-.wv. o^ n;i x*j days
This was accompanied by osteoclasts and
  me new bone resorption.  Similar experi-
  nts with estradiol showed no local actio
some
me
ion 
77
HORMONAL INFLUENCE
  (Continued)
SEX HORMONES, FEMALE
1367
  Barnicot,  N. A.  LOCAL ACTION OF CALCIFEROL
    AND VITAMIN A ON BONE.  Nature, Lond., 1948,
    162: 848-849.  6 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr. ,  Bait., 1949, 23: No. 28545.  Cal-
    ciferol, vitamin A acetate, cholesterol or
    estradiol was attached to small pieces of
    parietal bone from 16-day-old mice and the
    combination inserted vertically into the
    cerebral hemisphere of litter mates.  Sub-
    sequent examination showed marked resorp-
    tion in the calciferol and vitamin A grafts
    but no change in the cholesterol nor es-
    tradiol grafts.

1368
  Bauer, W.  H.  EFFECT OF ESTRONE ON TOOTH BUDS
    AND BONES IN GROWING DOGS.  J. Am. Coll.
    Dentists, 1945, 12: 192-201.  4 pi.  11
    refs.

1369
  Benoit, J.  ACTION DE LA FOLLICULINE SUR LE
    METABOLISME DU CALCIUM CHEZ LES OISEAUX EN
    REGIME NORMAL ET EN REGIME ACALCIQUE.  Bull.
    Acad, med., Par., 1942, 126: 464-465.  2
    refs.

1370
  Benoit, J.  and Clavert, J.  ACTION DE LA
    THYROlDECTOMIE SUR L'OSSIFICATION FOLLICU-
    LINIQUE CHEZ LE CANARD.  C. rend. Soc.
    biol., 1947,  141: 1256-1257.  Abstracted
    in: Chem. AbsTFT, 1948, 42: 7853c.

1371
  Benoit, J.  and Clavert, J.  ACTION OSTEO-
    GENETIQUE DIRECTE ET LOCALE DE LA FOLLICU-
    LINE, DEMONTREE, CHEZ LE CANARD ET LE.
    PIGEON, PAR  SON INTRODUCTION LOCALISEE DANS
    UN  OS LONG.  C. rend. Soc.  biol.,  (1943)
    1945, 139: 728-730.   1  ref.
1377
Benoit. J., Clavert, J. and Grangaud, R.
  ACTION DE LA FOLLICULINE SUR LE METABO-
  LISME DU CALCIUM CHEZ LES OISEAUX.  I.
  OSSIFICATION FOLLICULINIQUE.   VARIATIONS
  QUANTITATIVES DES PRINCIPAUX CONSTITUANTS
  CHIMIQUES DE L'OS PROVOQUfiES CHEZ LE CAN-
  ARD ET LE PIGEON PAR L'HORMONE SEXUELLE
  FEMELLE.  Tr. Soc. chim. biol., 1942, 24:
  1311-1322.  14 refs.  Abstracted in: BTol.
  Abstr., Bait., 1947, 21: No.  24547; Nutrit.
  Abstr., Aberdeen, 194*ff*"47, 16: No. 1964.
  In ducks and pigeons histocBemical studies
  have been made of the composition of folli-
  culin-induced medullary bone.
1378
  Benoit, J., Grangaud, R. and Messerschmitt,  J.
    ACTION OSTEOGEnEtIQUE ET HYPERCALCEMIANTE  DU
    BENZOATE D'OESTRADIOL CHEZ LE CANARD DOMES-
    TIQUE mAle.  ETUDE CHIMIQUE.   C.  rend.  Soc.
    biol., 1941, 135: 1596-1599.   4 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: BTol. Abstr., Bait.,  1948, 22:
    No. 23744; Chem. Abstr., 1945, 39:  5304".

1379
  Benoit, J., Grangaud, R. and Sarfati, S.
    MODIFICATIONS OSSEUSES ENTRAINEeS CHEZ  LA
    CANE DOMESTIQUE PAR L'ACTIVATION OVARIENNE,
    ELLE-MEME DECLENCHfiE PAR L'ECLAIREMENT  ARTI-
    FICIAL.  Bull, histol. appl., Lyon, 1941,
    18: 173-184.  4 pi.  6 refs.   Abstracted in:
    BTol. Abstr., Bait., 1942, 16: No.  19607.

1380
  Benoit, J., Grangaud, R. and Sarfati, S.
    MODIFICATIONS SQUELETTIQUES ET SERIQUES
    CONSECUTIVES A L'ACTIVATION OVARIENNE D£-
    CLENCHEe PAR L'ECLAIREMENT ARTIFICIAL CHEZ
    LA CANE DOMESTIQUE.  C. rend. Soc.  biol.,
    1941, 135: 1482-1485.  4 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Chem. Abstr., 1945, 39: 49385.
137 2
  Benoit, J  and Clavert, J.  ETUDE HISTOLOGIQUE
    DE L'OSSIFICATION FOLLICULINIQUE CHEZ LES
    OISEAUX.  Bull, histol. appl., Lyon, 1943,
    20: 25-42.  4 pi.  15 refs.

1373
  Benoit, J. and Clavert, J.  HYPERCALCEMIE ET
    OSTfiOGENfiSE MEDULLAIRE FOLLICULINIQUES CHEZ
    LE CANARD DOMESTIQUE SOUMIS A UN REGIME
    ACALCIQUE.  C. rend. Soc. biol., (1944)
    1945, 139: 737-740.  4 refs.  Abstracted  in:
    Nutrit7~Abstr., Aberdeen, 1946-47,  16: No.
    778.


  Benoit, J. and Clavert, J.  OSTEOGE'nEsE FOL-
    LICULINIQUE CHEZ LES OISEAUX.  INFLUENCE
    DES DIVERSES GLANDES ENDOCRINES.  C. rend.
    Ass. anat., (1950) 1951, 37: 533-535.  Birds
    were injected with the female sex hormone,
    which induced formation of medullary bone,
    and the effects of the endocrine glands on
    the bone formation studied: parathyroidec-
    tomy caused lack of mineralization, thyroid-
    ectomy caused lack of basic protein sub-
    stance, hypophysectomy seemed to inhibit
    thyroid secretion and adrenalectomy had lit-
    tle effect.


  Benoit, J. and Clavert, J.  ROLE INDISPENSABLE
    DES PARATHYROlDES DANS LA CALCIFICATION DE
    L'OS FOLLICULINIQUE CHEZ LE CANARD  DOMESTI-
    QUE.  C. rend. Soc. biol., (1944) 1945, 139:
    743-746.  2 refs.
1381
  Benoit, J.,  Gros,  G.  and Clavert,  J.   ACTION
    DU DifiTHYLSTILBOESTROL CHEZ LES  OISEAUX.
    SON ACTIVITE en injection.   inactivitE de
    FORTES DOSES ADMINISTRfiES PER OS.   Bull.
    Soc. biol. Alger,  (1942-1944) 1944, p. 18-
    19.  Abstracted in:  Chem. Abstr.,  1945, 39:
    38229.

1382
  Benoit, J.,  Messerschmitt,  J. and  Grangaud, R.
    ACTION OSTfiOGfiNfiTIQUE DU  BENZOATE  D'OESTRA-
    DIOL CHEZ  LE CANARD DOMESTIQUE MALE.  ETUDE
    MORPHOLOGIQUE.   C.  rend.  Soc. biol., 1941,
    135: 1593-1596.   4  refs.   Abstracted in:
    CHem. Abstr., 1945,  39: 53047.
jvjm,  n.,  Domm,  L. V.  and
 CHANGES  IN AVIAN BONE DUE
1383
  Bloom, M. A., Bloom, W,
    McLean, F. C.
    TO  INJECTED ESTROGEN AND DURING THE REPRO-
    DUCTIVE CYCLE.  Anat. Rec, 1940, 78:
    Suppl. p. 143.

1384
  Bloom, M. A., McLean, F. C. and Bloom, W.
    CALCIFICATION AND OSSIFICATION.  THE FORMA-
    TION OF MEDULLARY BONE IN MALE AND CASTRATE
    PIGEONS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF SEX HOR-
    MONES.  Anat. Rec, 1942, 83: 99-120.  14
    refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1942, 16: No.19886.

1385
  Bremer, J. L.  THE INFLUENCE OF ESTROGENS ON
    THE SHAPE OF LONG BONES.  J. Bone Surg
    1942, 24: 32-37.  13 refs.
1376
  Benoit, J., Cabanes, R., Messerscbmltt, J.
    and Clavert, J.  CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDE
    HISTOLOGIQUE DE L'OSTEogEnEsE PROVOQUEE PAR
    LA FOLLICULINE CHEZ LE CANARD.  C. rend.
    Soc  biol., 1942, 136: 755-756.  1 ref.
1386
  Bremer, J. L.  THE PNEUMATIZATION OF THE HU-
    MERUS IN THE COMMON FOWL AND THE ASSOCIATED
    ACTIVITY OF THEELIN.  Anat. Rec, 1940, 77:
    197-211.  2 pi.  27 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1940, 14: No. 14838. 
HORMONAL INFLUENCE
  (Continued)
SEX HORMONES, FEMALE
1387
  Burrows, H.  SEPARATION OF THE PUBIC BONES
    FOLLOWING THE ADMINISTRATION OF OESTROGENS
    TO MALE MICE.  J. Physiol.,  Lond., 1935,
    85- 159-161.  3 refs.  Abstracted in:
    BTol. Abstr., Bait.,  1937,  11:  No. 5913.


1388
  Camus, J. L.  OESTROGENES ET OSTEoGENEsE.
    Paris med., 1948, 38: 158-160.


13Chambon, Y. and Odier,  C.  EFFETS COMPARE'S DE
    L'ADMINISTRATION LOCALE rEpEtEE DE FOLLICU-
    LINE ET D'HISTAMINE SUR LA CALCIFICATION
    CHEZ LE CANARD.  C. rend. Soc.  biol.,  1948,
    142: 1520-1522.  4 refs.
1397
1390
Chambon, Y. and Odier,  C.   EFFETS DE L'AD-
  MINISTRATION LOCALE REPETEE DE FOLLICULINE
  SUR LA CALCIFICATION CHEZ LE CANARD Dfi-
  TECTE*S PAR MICROPHOTOMETRIE.  C.  rend. Soc.
  biol., 1948, 142:  1516-1519.  4 refs.  Ab-
  stracted in: C"Eem.  Abstr.,  1949,  43:  5471a.
1391
  Clavert, J.  ACTION HYPERCALCEMIANTE ET
    OSTEOGENETIQUE DE LA FOLLICULINE CHEZ LE
    PIGEON; SES VARIATIONS.   C.  rend. Soc.
    biol., 1942, 136: 507-509.   Abstracted  in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1949,  23:  No. 6645;
    Chem. Abstr., 1943, 37:  411*527
13-3
  Clavert,  J.   ACTION OSTEOGEnEtIQUE DE LA
    FOLLICULINE CHEZ  LE  PIGEON.  C. rend.
    Soc.  biol., 1942, 136:  512-514.  7 refs.
    Abstracted in:  BioT7~Abstr., Bait., 1949,
    23: No. 6646.

1393
  Clavert,  J.   CONTRIBUTION A L'fiTUDE DE LA FOR-
    MATION DES OEUFS  TfiLOLEciTHIQUES DES OISEAUX.
    MECANISMES DE  L'edification de  la coquille.
    Bull. biol. France,  1948, 82: 289-330.  77
    refs.

1394                                *
  Clavert,  J.   DISPARITION, PAR L'ARRET DES IN-
    JECTIONS DE FDLLICULINE, DE L'OS MEDULLAIRE
    FORME SOUS L'ACTION DE CETTE HORMONE.  C.
    rend. Soc. biol., 1942, 136: 756-757.  1
    ref.

1395
  Clavert, J.  ETUDE HISTOLOGIQUE DE  L'INVOLU-
    TION DE L'OS FOLLICULINIQUE DU  PIGEON.
    Arch. anat. micr., Par., 1948,  37:  41-49.
    12 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.  ABstr.,
    Bait., 1950, 24:  No. 824.  "Not only  does
    the follicular hormone stimulate  the  osteo-
    blasts directly and locally when  injected
    into the bone, but such action  ceases  when
    the hormone is withdrawn, and  the  bone  al-
    ready deposited is destroyed.   Osteoblasts
    thus set free from bony matrix  revert  to  a
    reticulum.  The possibility of  transforma-
    tion of osteoblasts into osteoclasts  is
    suggested." - Biol. Abstr.

1396
  Clavert, J.  MODIFICATIONS COMPARfiES DU
    SQUELETTE DE QUELQUES FEMELLES  D'OISEAUX  AU
    MOMENT DE LA PONTE.  Arch,  anat.,  Strasb.,
    1952, 34:  125-132.  9 refs.  Studies  of  the
    pigeon, duck and chicken indicate that at
    the onset of ovarian activity,  medullary
    bone is formed as a mineral reserve for
    calcification of the eggshell.   This  re-
    serve is particularly marked  in the pigeon
    and duck and intense osteoclast resorption
    is noted during shell formation.   The chick-
    en has less medullary bone reserve and os-
    teoclastic resorption is less  intense during
    egg laying.
Clavert, J. and Be
  LICULINE SUR LE
S&itoi^M;;- §85
LES OISEAUX.
                  IV. RETENTION DU CALCIUM ALI
    MENTAIRE DfiTERMINfiE CHEZ LE PIGEON FA*;hi
    DIPROPIONATE D'OESTRADIOL.  Tr. Soc c    .
    biol., 1942, 24: 1469-1474.  2 refs.  ao-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 19*'» ££■
    No. 24548.

1398
  Clavert, J. and Benoit, J.  ENRICHISSEMENT DU
    SQUELETTE EN CALCIUM, CHEZ LE PIGEON,  SOUS
    L'ACTION DU DIPROPIONATE D'OESTRADIOL.  C.
    rend. Soc. biol., 1942, 136: 509-511.  Ab-
    stracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1943, 37: 41152.

1399
  Clavert, J. and Benoit, J.  ETUDE DE LA  FOR-
    MATION DE L'OS FOLLICULINIQUE CHEZ LE CA-
    NARD PrEhYPOPHYSECTOMISE.  C. rend. Ass.
    anat., 1949, 36: 129-134.  4 refs.
1400                                    j   ^
  Clavert, J., Cabannes, R. and Grangaud,  R.
    ACTION OSTEOGENETIQUE DE LA FOLLICULINE
    CHEZ LA SOURIS.  AUGMENTATION DE LA RE-
    SERVE CALCIQUE SEQUELETTIQUE.  C. rend.
    Soc. biol., 1945, 139: 731-732.

1401
  Crepax, P. and Moggian, G.  NATURA DEGLI
    BFFETTI ESERCITATI DALLE SOSTANZE ESTRO-
    GENE SUL SISTEMA OSSEO DEL RATTO ALBINO.
    Boll. Soc. ital. biol. sper.,  1952, 28:
    1735-1737.  6 refs.  Abstracted in: Ex-
    cerpta med., Sect. 3, 1954, 8: No. 431.

1402
  Dallemagne, M. J. and Mfilon, J.  NATURE CHIMI-
    QUE DE L'OS FOLLICULINIQUE.  C. rend.  Soc.
    biol., 1947, 141: 539-541.  8 refs.  In
    pigeons folliculin-induced bone was found
    to have the calcium-phosphorus ratio,  as  well
    as the refractive index, of tracalcium phos-
    phate.  It did not contain secondary calcium
    phosphate.
1403
  Dallemagne. M. J., Govaerts, J.,and Melon,  J.
    INFLUENCE DE LA FOLLICULINE SUR Lg METABO-
    LISM CALCIQUE DU PIGEON, EtUDIEe A L'AIDE
    DU RADIOCALCIUM.  Arch, internat. physiol.,
    1950, 58: 157-187.  28 refs.  Young adult
    male arid" female pigeons were injected  with
    radiocalcium and with folliculine for  vari-
    ous periods.  The folliculine was observed
    to have a profound effect upon calcium
    metabolism throughout the organism.  In
    bone, it was particularly manifested in  the
    femur and least in the humerus.
1404
  Dallemagne, M. J., Govaerts, J. and Sue, P.
    L'ORIGINE DE L'OS FOLLICULINIQUE ETUDIEE  A
    L'AIDE DU RADIOPHOSPHORE COMME INDICATEUR.
    C. rend. Soc. biol., 1947, 141: 541-543.
    1 ref.  In pigeons radiophosphorus  tracer
    studies were made to determine the  origin
    of folliculin-induced bone
1405
  Day, H. G. and Follis, R. H., Jr.  SKELETAL
    CHANGES IN RATS RECEIVING ESTRADIOL BENZOATE
    AS INDICATED BY HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES AND DE-
    TERMINATIONS OF BONE ASH, SERUM CALCIUM  AND
    PHOSPHATASE.  Endocrinology, 1941,  28- 83-
    93.  26 refs.  Abstracted in:  Biol .""Abstr
    Bait., 1941, 15: No. 8075; Chem. Abstr.,
    1941, 35: 149T*.  "The evidence indicates
    that estrogen causes a decrease in  normal
    destruction of bony  trabeculae just beneath
    the cartilage shaft  junction.  There is  ai_
    so some increase  in  osteoblastic activity
    at the cartilage  shaft junction, but not
    elsewhere.  This  change in activity in_
    creases the density  of the epiphyses and
    apparently  accounts  for the increase in
    concentration of  ash in the whole bone.
    However,  the total amount of bone is reduced
    owing to  decreased growth in length.   The
    skeletal  changes  are greater in females
    than  in males."  - Chem. Abstr. 
79
HORMONAL INFLUENCE - SEX HORMONES, FEMALE
  (Continued)

1406

  -^t-^tX"-^?;*. HSetto della castrazione sul
    CALCIO DELLE OSSA.  Ann. ostet. gin  , 1934,
    56: 443-455.  50 refs.  Abstracted in:
    BTol. Abstr., Bait., 1936, 10: No. 15762.
    In rabbits the ash and calcium content de-
    termined in the metatarsals was slightly
    lower after oophorectomy than before.

1407
  Ely, J. 0. and Phillips, R. L.  THE EFFECT OF
    ALPHA ESTRADIOL BENZOATE ON THE SKELETAL
    DEVELOPMENT OF IMMATURE RATS.  Endocrinology,
    1940, 27: 661-663.  3 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. ABstr., Bait., 1941, 15: No. 4062.
    Alpha estradiol benzoate in amounts suf-
    ficient to produce marked effects on the
    uteri and the ovaries and marked involution
    of the thymus did not increase ash content
    of bones or influence the ossification
    centers.

1408
  Ettori, J., Grangaud, R., Benoit, J. and
    Clavert, J.  ACTION DE LA FOLLICULINE SUB
    LE MfiTABOLISME DU CALCIUM CHEZ LES OISEAUX
    II. OSSIFICATION FOLLICULINIQUE ET PHfiNOM-
    ENES DE LA CALCIFICATION PRIMAIRE.   Tr.
    Soc. chim. biol., 1942, 24: 1322-1328.  10
    refs.  In pigeons the processes of calcifi-
    cation were demonstrated in folliculin-
    induced medullary bone.  The residual cal-
    cium-phosphorus ratio indicated that in the
    process of primary calcification dicalcium
    phosphate is the first salt deposited.
    This is transformed into tricalcium  phos-
    phate during the processes of secondary
    calcification.

 1409
  Gaarenstroom,  J.  H.  and  Levie, L.  H.   DIS-
    TURBANCE OF GROWTH BY  DIETHYLSTILBOESTROL
    AND  OESTRONE.   J.  Endocr.,  Oxf.,  1939,  1:
    420-429.  2 pi.   22  refs.  Abstracted  in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1940,  14:  No.  13155.

1410
  Gardner, W. U.  THE BREAKING STRENGTH  OF FEMURS
    OF MICE RECEIVING ESTROGENS.  Proc  Soc
    Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1940, 45: 230-232.  4
    refs.  Abstracted in: BioTT Abstr.,  Bait.,
    1941, 15: No. 4066.  "The average breaking-
    strengtE of femurs of estrogen-treated mice
    was 2499 g. or 844 g. greater than that of
    untreated controls."

1411
  Gardner, W. U.  FURTHER STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS
    OF ESTROGEN ON BONE FORMATION  IN MICE.  Tr.
    Conf. Metab. Aspects Convalesc, 1946, 12.
    Conf., 79-104.
1412
  Gardner, W. U.  INFLUENCE OF SEX AND SEX HOR-
    MONES ON THE BREAKING STRENGTH OF BONES OF
    MICE.  Endocrinology, 1943, 32: 149-160.  30
    refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. ABstr., Bait.,
    1943, 17: No. 13341.
1413
  Gardner, W. U. and Clouet, D. H.  INFLUENCE
    OF ESTROGENS UPON THE BONES OF YOUNG AND OLD
    MICE AND OF THYROID-DEFICIENT MICE.  Anat.
    Rec, 1945, 91: 275.  An abstract.

1414
  Gardner, W. U. and Clouet, D. H.  OSSEOUS
    PROLIFERATION IN ESTROGEN-TREATED HYPO-
    PHYSECTOMIZED MICE.  Anat. Rec, 1944,
    88: 433.  An abstract.  "The osseous
    changes in the hypophysectomized mice show
    that estrogen may act upon the intramedul-
    lary bone in as specific a manner as upon
    the genital tissues."

1415
  Gardner, W. U. and Mahan, M. L.  OSSEOUS
    CHANGES IN ESTROGEN-TREATED HYPOTHYROID AND
    LOW-PROTEIN FED MICE.  Anat. Rec, 1946,
    94: 462.  An abstract.  Neither thiourea
    treatment nor low-protein deit altered the
    response of bone to^gtrogen.
1416
  Gardner, W. U. and Pfeiffer, C. A.  SKELETAL
    CHANGES IN MICE RECEIVING ESTROGENS.  Proc.
    Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1938, 37: 678-679.
    4 refs.  "Endosteal bone nearly or com-
    pletely replaces the marrow cavities of the
    femurs of mice which have received estro-
    gen  (250 I.U. or more weekly) for long peri-
    ods.  Direct examination of the bones and
    X-ray photographs show that similar changes
    occur throughout the skeleton except in the
    immediate vicinity of the pubic symphysis."

1417
  Govaerts, J. and Dallemagne, M. J.  INFLUENCE
    OF FOLLICULIN ON BONE METABOLISM, STUDIED
    BY MEANS OF RADIOPHOSPHORUS «P.  Nature,
    Lond., 1948, 161: 977.  Abstracted in:
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1948-49, 18: No.
    2193; Chem. Abstr., 1948, 42: 8288c.


1418                                   „
  Govaerts, J., Dallemagne,  M. J. and Melon,  J.
    RADIOCALCIUM AS AN INDICATOR IN THE STUDY
    OF THE ACTION OF ESTRADIOL ON CALCIUM ME-
    TABOLISM.  Endocrinology, 1951,  48:  443-
    452.  18 refs.  Abstracted in:  BTol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1952, 26: No. 27925;  Nuclear Sc.
    Abstr., 1951,"5": No. 3871.

1419
  Halvorsen, D. K.  EFFECT OF STEROID HORMONES
    ON DENERVATED EXTREMITIES.  Tr.  Conf. Metab.
    Interrelat., 1949,  1 .Conf .,  172-179.  2
    refs.

1420
  Koneff, A. A., Simpson,  M.  E.  and  Evans, H.  M.
    EFFECTS OF CHRONIC  ADMINISTRATION OF DI-
    ETHYLSTILBESTROL ON THE PITUITARY AND ENDO-
    CRINE ORGANS OF HAMSTERS. Anat. Rec, 1946,
    94: 169-195.  pi.  7 refs.  Abstracted in:
    CKem. Abstr., 1948, 42:  5968a.   "The his-
    tological findings  ...indicated  decreased
    bone formation, rather than  the  increased
    bone formation commonly observed following
    estrinization in other forms,  such as rat,
    mouse and pigeon."

1421
  Landauer, W.  YOLK ESTROGEN AND HUMERUS PNEU-
    MATIZATION IN CHICKS.   Endocrinology, 1944,
    34; 297-299.  3 refs.   Following removal of
    tEe yolk sac pneumatization  was  present  in
    the humerus.  This  finding  seems to dis-
    prove Bremer's view that pneumatization  of
    the humerus is under the control of yolk
    estrogen.

1422
  Landauer, W. and Zondek, B.  OBSERVATIONS  ON
    THE STRUCTURE OF BONE IN ESTROGEN-TREATED
    COCKS AND DRAKES.  Am. J. Path., 1944, 20:
    179-204.  6 pi.  53 refs. Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1944, 18:  No. 8376;
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 19*34-45, 14: No.
    375.

1423
  Landauer, W., Pfeiffer,  C.  A.,  Gardner, W. U.
    and Man, E. B.   HYPERCALCIFICATION,  -CALCEMIA
    AND -LIPEMIA IN CHICKENS FOLLOWING ADMINISTRA-
    TION OF ESTROGENS.   Proc. Soc. Exp.  Biol.,
    N. Y., 1939, 41:  80-82.   9 refs.
1424
  Landauer, W., Pfeiffer,  C.  A.,  Gardner, W. U.
    and Shaw,  J. C.  BLOOD SERUM AND SKELETAL
    CHANGES IN TWO BREEDS OF DUCKS RECEIVING
    ESTROGENS.  Endocrinology, 1941, 28: 458-
    464.  19 refs.
1425
  Lippmann, E. and Dacha,  U.   C0MP0RTAMENT0
    DELLE OSSA SOTTO L'AZIONE DELLA  FOLLICOLINA.
    I. VARIAZIONI DEL PESO.   Boll.  Soc.  ital.
    biol. sper., 1936,  11: 79-81. Abstracted
    in:  Chem.  Abstr., 19*3*6,  30:  60522; Nutrit.
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 1937-3*37 7: No. 623. 
HORMONAL INFLUENCE - SEX HORMONES,  FEMALE
  (Continued)
80
1426
  Lippmann,  E.  and Dacha,  U.   COMPORTAMENTO
    DELLE OSSA  SOTTO L'AZIONE DELLA FOLLICOLINA.
    II. CONTENUTO IN CALCIO.   Boll. Soc.  ital.
    biol. sper.,  1936,  11:  81-82.   Abstracted
    in: Chem. Abstr., 19"3*6, 30:  60522;  jfutrit.
    Abstr.,  Aberdeen, 1937-357 7:  No.  623.
14lI
ppman, H. N. and Saunders,  J.  B.  de C.  M.
THE NATURE OF THE HYPEROSSIFICATION OB-
SERVED IN THE LONG BONES OF RATS  TREATED
WITH EXCESSIVE DOSES OF ESTRADIOL BENZOATE.
J. Endocr., Oxf., 1944, 3:  370-383.  27
refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1944,
38: 63544; Nutrit. Abstr.,  Aberdeen,  1944-
4*5, 14: No. 1387.  The experiments investi-
gate and correlate the chemical changes
with the histological changes  occuring  in
bone after long-continued administrating of
oestrogens.
1428
  McKeown, R. M., Harvey, S. C. and Lumsden,
    R. W.  BREAKING STRENGTH OF HEALING FRAC-
    TURED FIBULAE OF RATS.  VI. OBSERVATIONS
    ON THE INFLUENCE OF BILATERAL OVARIECTOMY.
    Arch. Surg., 1933, 26: 430-442.  13 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1934,
    §: No. 16555; Chem. Abstr., 1933,  27:  2485.

1429
  Macola, B.  A.  INFLUENCIA DE LA ADMINISTRACl6N
    PROLONGADA DE ESTRONA SOBRE LA COMPOSICI0N
    QUfMICA DEL HUESO.  Rev. Soc. argent,  biol.,
    1937, 13: 105-111.  12 refs.  Abstracted  in:
    Chem. A*Bstr., 1937, 31: 75259.

1430
  Merlino, A.  OSTEOGENESIS, ORMONE OVARICO E
    VITAMINA DELLA FECONDITA.  Lattante,  1935,
    6: 469-494.  7 pi.  65 refs.

1431
  Pfeiffer, C. A. and Gardner, W. U.   SKELETAL
    CHANGES AND BLOOD SERUM CALCIUM LEVEL  IN
    PIGEONS RECEIVING ESTROGENS.  Endocrinology,
    1938, 23: 485-491.  13 refs.  Abstracted  in:
    Biol. ABstr., Bait., 1939, 13: No.  3883;
    Chem. Abstr., 1938, 32: 9228*7.

1432
  Pfeiffer, C. A., Kirschbaum, A. and  Gardner,
    W. U.  RELATION OF ESTROGENS TO OSSIFICA-
    TION AND THE LEVELS OF SERUM CALCIUM AND
    LIPOID IN THE ENGLISH SPARROW, PASSER
    DOMESTICUS.  Yale J. Biol., 1940,  13:
    279-284.   pi.  8 refs.  AbstractedTn:
    Chem. Abstr., 1941, 35: 11082; Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1941,"*T5: No. 8098.

1433
  Riddle, O. and Rauch, V. M.  ACTION OF ESTRO-
    GEN ON PLASMA CALCIUM AND ENDOSTEAL BONE
    FORMATION IN PARATHYROIDECTOMIZED PIGEONS.
    Endocrinology, 1944, 35: 209.  An abstract.

1434
  Riddle, O.  , Rauch, V. M. and Smith,  G. C.   AC-
    TION OF ESTROGEN ON PLASMA CALCIUM AND ENDO-
    STEAL BONE FORMATION IN PARATHYROIDECTOMIZED
    PIGEONS.   Endocrinology, 1945, 36:  41-47.
    24 refs.   Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,  1945,
    39: 9692.

1435
  Riddle, O.  , Rauch, V. M. and Smith,  G. C.
    CHANGES IN MEDULLARY BONE DURING THE  REPRO-
    DUCTIVE CYCLE OF FEMALE PIGEONS.   Anat.
    Rec, 1944, 90:  295-305.  11 refs.

1436
  Ruiz-Gij6n, J.  LA ACCION DEL DIPROPIONATO  DE
    ESTILBENO SOBRE EL HUESO Y OTROS ORGANOS.
    Farm, y ter.,  Madr., 1943, 4: 405-413.  20
    refs.
  Sabaino, D. and Conti, T.  DIETA, ESTROGENI  E
    FRATTURA DELLE OSSA.  Arch, sc. med., Tor. ,
    1953, 95: 445-447.  3 refs.  Two groups  oi
    rats* were fed different diets containing
    casein with stilbestrol and wheat  germ with
    stilbestrol, respectively.  It was observed
    that large doses of stilbestrol reduced  the
    fracture resistance of the long bones in the
    animals fed casein much more than  in the ani-
    mals fed wheat germ.  But it was also observed
    that there was a greater reduction of the  Ca
    and P content of the bones of the  animals  on
    the wheat germ diet than of those  on the
    casein diet.
1438
  Salomon, K., Gabrio, B. W., Reinhard, E. and
    Silberberg, R.  EFFECTS OF ESTRADIOL BENZOATE
    AND THEIR MODIFICATION BY BLEEDING. STUDIES
    ON THE SKELETON AND THE BLOOD CALCIUM OF THE
    COCKEREL.  Arch. Path., Chic.,  1947, 43: 76-
    85.  11 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. ATJstr.,
    Bait., 1947, 21: No. 19481; Chem.  Abstr.,
    1947, 41: 5935c".

1439
  Segaloff, A. and Cahill, W. M.  ENDOSTEAL  BONE
    DEPOSITION IN FEMURS OF VITAMIN D-DEFICIENT
    MICE TREATED WITH ESTROGEN.  Proc.  Soc.  Exp.
    Biol., N. Y., 1943, 54: 162-163.   3 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol."Abstr., Bait., 1944,
    18: No. 2486.  "... vitamin D did  not play
    a major role in the mechanism of endosteal
    bone deposition in the femurs of mice
    treated with estrogen."

1440
  Silberberg,  M. and Silberberg,  R.  ACTION  OF
    ESTROGEN ON SKELETAL TISSUES OF IMMATURE
    GUINEA PIGS.  Arch. Path.,  Chic,   1939,   28:
    340-360.   12 refs.   Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr.,  Bait.,  1940,  14:  No.  4555.

1441
  Silberberg,  M. and Silberberg,  R.  A COMPARISON
    OF THE SKELETAL EFFECTS OF ESTROGENIC HOR-
    MONE IN VITAMIN C DEPLETED YOUNG AND OLD
    GUINEA PIGS.  Anat. Rec.,  1948, 102: 141-159.
    pi.  7 refs.  Abstracted  in:  Excerpta med.,
    Sect.  5,  1949,  2:  No.  3768;  Biol.  Abstr.,
    Bait.,  1949, 237 No.  14787.   "In young adult
    and old guinea pigs,  administration of es-
    trogen counteracts  the skeletal effects  of
    vitamin C deficiency primarily by  inhibition
    of bone resorption."

1442
  Silberberg,  M. and Silberberg,  R   THE DIF-
    FERENCE IN THE RESPONSE  OF  SKELETAL TISSUES
    TO ESTROGEN IN MICE OF VARIOUS AGES.  Anat
    Rec,  1941,  80:  347-371.   2 pi.   5 refs
    Abstracted in:  Biol.  Abstr.,  Bait    1941
    15: No.  23491.                      *   4i'

1443
  Silberberg,  M. and Silberberg.  r   fffitpt ™
    PROGESTERONE ON GROWING  CARTILAGE  S ro2f
    IN IMMATURE GUINEA  PIGS.  Arch  PatS^
    Chic,  1941, 31:  85-92.   7  refs   AW.   + ^
    in: Biol.  AbsTT,,  Bait..  194^ V^'lO^.

1444
  Silberberg,  M.  and  Silberberg, r   effftt*  n.
    OVARIECTOMY AND LONG CONTINUED" ADM IN fslL
    TION OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY FirRA?" OF CJtTI E

    S.TStt.rSS! S.xSS!Sfi  ™3«^


1445
  Silberberg,  M. and  Silberberg  R  furthfr
    INVESTIGATIONS CONCERNING  THE  INFLUENCE  of
    ESTROGEN ON SKELETAL TISSUES.   Am  J  in?!
    1941,  69:  295-331.   3  pi.   26  refs.  Ab-   "'
    stracted in: Biol.  Abstr.,  Bait   1942  ib
    No. 6752.                       " '      '  ~: 
81
HORMONAL INFLUENCE - SEX HORMONES, FEMALE
  (Continued)

1446
  Silberberg, M. and Silberberg, R.  SKELETAL
    EFFECTS OF ESTROGENIC HORMONE  IN GROWING
    VITAMIN C-DEPLETED GUINEA PIGS.  Am. J
    Path., 1948, 24: 1019-1037.  3 pi.   14  refs,
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1949,
    23: No. 6663; Excerpta med., Sect. 3, 1949,
    57 No. 1200.
1456
  Wolterink, L.  F.,  Cornwall,  R.  L.,  Vinson,  C,
    and Cole, L. L.   EFFECT OF HORMONES ON CAL-
    CIUM^ ACCUMULATION IN VARIOUS TISSUES.
    Fed. Proc,  Bait.,  1953, 12:  158.  An ab-
    stract.  The femur  was among  the  organs
    studied.
See:
1447
  Simpson, M. E., Kibrick, E. A., Becks, H. and
    Evans, H. M.  EFFECT OF CRYSTALLINE ESTRIN
    IMPLANTS ON THE PROXIMAL TIBIA AND COSTO-
    CHONDRAL JUNCTION OF YOUNG FEMALE RATS.
    Endocrinology, 1942, 30: 286-294.  14 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol. ABstr., 1942, 16: No.
    12202; Chem. Abstr., 1942, 36: 1996*S~
1448
  S6s, J., Lichner, G. and Ats, M.  DIE WIRKUNG
    DES D-VITAMINMANGELS UND DER OESTROGENEN
    STOFFE AUF DEN CA- UND P-GEHALT DER KNOCHEN,
    Arch. exp. Path., Lpz., 1941, 197: 271-274.
    12 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.*TTBstr.,  Bait,
    1943. 17: No. 4951; Chem. Abstr., 1942, 36:
    58741.                                  —
1449
  Sutro, C. J.  EFFECTS OF SUBCUTANEOUS INJEC-
    TION OF ESTROGEN UPON SKELETON IN IMMATURE
    MICE.  Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1940,
    44: 151-154.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1940, 14: No. 15955; Chem. Abstr.,
    1940, 34: 5507?.
1450
  Sutro, C. J. and Pomerantz, L.  CHANGES  IN
    OSSEOUS TISSUES OF  YOUNG DOGS AFTER PRO-
    LONGED ADMINISTRATION OF ESTRADIOL BEN-
    ZOATE.  Arch. Path., Chic,  1942, 33:  305-
    311.  5 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,
    1942, 36: 48732.


1451
  Talbot, N. B.  THE  EFFECT OF ESTROGEN ON
    THE  SKELETAL AGE  OF IMMATURE RATS.  Endo-
    crinology, 1939,  25: 325-327.   5  refs.
    "Estradiol administered to immature rats
    for  7-9 days after  birth causes a signifi-
    cant advance in the skeletal age  of the fe-
    males, but not of the males."

1452
  Talmage, R. V.  HISTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF
    ESTRADIOL, PROGESTERONE, AND RELAXIN ON THE
    SYMPHYSIS PUBIS OF  THE  GUINEA PIG.  Anat.
    Rec, 1946, 96: 528.  An abstract.

1453
  Urist, M. R., Budy, A. M. and  McLean, F. C.
    ENDOSTEAL-BONE FORMATION IN  ESTROGEN-
    TREATED MICE.  J. Bone  Surg., 1950, 32A:
    143-162.  32 refs.  Abstracted  in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1950, 24: No. 23127; Ex-
    cerpta med., Sect.  9, 1950,  4:  No. 4512.

1454
 *Urist, M. R., Budy, A. M. and  McLean, F. C.
    FACTORS INFLUENCING THE REACTION  OF THE
    MAMMALIAN SKELETON  TO ESTROGENS.  Tr.
    Conf. Metab. Aspects Convalesc.,  1948,
    17.meet., 79-105.  Abstracted in: Chem.
    Abstr., 1949, 43:  8040e.

1455
  Urist, M. R. , Budy,  A. M. and  McLean. F. C.
    SPECIES DIFFERENCES IN THE REACTION OF THE
    MAMMALIAN SKELETON TO ESTROGENS.  Proc.
    Soc Exp.  Biol.,  N.  Y., 1948, 68: 324-326.
    8  refs.   Abstracted in:  Biol. XBstr.,  Bait.,
    1949, 23:  No. 3940;  Chem.  Abstr., 1948, 42:
4	349	640	917	1325
1343	1495	1496	1497	1516
1533				
HORMONAL INFLUENCE - SEX HORMONES, MALE

  see also HORMONAL INFLUENCE - SEX HORMONES

1457
  Bergstrand, C. G.  THE INFLUENCE OF TESTOS-
    TERONE PROPIONATE ON SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT
    IN THE IMMATURE RABBIT.  Acta endocr.,
    Kbh., 1950, 4h 91-101.  27 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 3, 1950,
    4: No. 1836.

1458
  Calef, C.  INFLUENZA DELL'ESTRATTO PROS-
    TATICO SUL CONTENUTO DEL CALCIO E DEL
    FOSFORO NEL SANGUE E NELLE OSSA.  Arch.
    ital. med. sper., 1939, 4: 145-158.  48
    refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1939,
    33: 82657.

1459
  Calef, C.  L'INFLUENZA DELL'ORMONE PROS-
    TATICO SULLA FORMAZIONE DEL CALLO OSSEO.
    Policlinico, 1934, 41:  sez. chir., 647-
    678.  Approx. 85 rets.   Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1936, 10: No. 3424.

1460
  Fox, R. P. and Kochakian, C. D.  THE EFFECT
    OF CASTRATION AND TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE
    ADMINISTRATION ON THE PHOSPHORUS METABO-
    LISM OF THE PELVES AND FEMURS OF THE MOUSE
    AS DETERMINED BY RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS
    STUDIES.  Endocrinology,  1944, 35: 210;
    An abstract.  Also in:  Fed. Proc, Bait.,
    1944, 3: 11.

1461
  Gurgian-Cecconi, L.  INFLUENZA DEGLI ORMONI
    SESSUALI HASCHILI SULLA FORMAZIONE DEL CALLO
    OSSEO.  RICERCHE SPERIMENTALI.  Minerva
    chir., Tor., 1951, 6: 663-666.  17 refs.

1462
  Hurxthal,  L.  M. and Hare, H. F.  BONE CHANGES
    IN PRIMARY HYPOGONADISM.   Lahey Clin. Bull.,
    1940, 1:  No.  7, 9-12.  Observations in 9
    cases of primary prepuberal hypogonadism.

1463
  Pomerat, G. R.  and Coe, R.  C.  BONE GROWTH IN
    THE LONG-TERM CASTRATE ALBINO RAT.  Endo-
    crinology,  1941, 29: 1015-1016.  12 refs.
    Abstracted in: BioT. Abstr., Bait., 1942,
    16: No.  9427.

1464
  Poppe, W.  R.   UBER DIE EINWIRKUNG DER KASTRA-
    TION AUF DAS KNOCHENSYSTEM DES KANISCHENS.
    KUhn-Archiv,  1932, 34:  Heft 3, 61-124.  92
    refs .

1465
  Principe,  U.  and Bellucci,  G.  AZIONE DEL
    PROPIONATO DI TESTOSTERONE INIETTATO IN LOCO
    SULLA GUARIGIONE DELLE FRATTURE; RICERCHE
    SPERIMENTALI.  Sperimentale, 1952, 102:
    266-278.   27 refs.  Abstracted in: BrTt.
    Abstr.,  Sect. AIII, 1953, p. 784.  In guinea
    pigs the favorable effect of testosterone
    propionate on experimental fracture healing
    is demonstrated in this histological study. 
82
HORMONAL INFLUENCE
  (Continued)

1466
SEX HORMONES,  MALE
   Reiss,  M.,  Fernandes,  J.  E.  and Golla,  Y.  M.  L.
     THE PERIPHERAL INHIBITORY  INFLUENCE OF LARGE
     DOSES OF  TESTOSTERONE ON EPIPHYSEAL CARTILA-
     GINOUS GROWTH.  Endocrinology,  1946,  38:  65-
     70.  17 refs.   Abstracted  in:  Chem. ABstr.,
     1946,  40:  38122.   "The  daily  injection of
     4 mgm.Testosterone  propionate  inhibits  con-
     siderably cartilaginous growth  produced  by
     growth hormone, on hypophysectomized  rats.
     The results suggest  a peripheral  growth  in-
     hibitory  action of large doses  of sex hor-
     mone.   The bearing of these results on ex-
     planations of  certain physiologic and patho-
     physiologic growth phenomena  is discussed."

 1467
   Sainton,  P.,  Simonnet, H. and Petrescu,  J.
     INFLUENCE  DE L'HORMONE  MALE (PROPIONATE DE
     TESTOSTERONE)  SUR  LE D^VELOPPEMENT DU RAT
     IMPUBERE.   C.  rend.  Soc. biol., 1938,  128:
     698-700.   Abstracted in: Chem.  Abstr.,
     1938,  32:  75493.

 1468
   Scow, R.  O.   EFFECT  OF TESTOSTERONE ON MUSCLE
    AND OTHER  TISSUES  AND ON CARCASS COMPOSITION
     IN  HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED, THYROIDECTOMIZED, AND
    GONADECTOMIZED MALE RATS.  Endocrinology,
     1952,  51:  42-51.   22 refs.   Abstracted in:
    Biol.  A"Fstr.,  Bait.,  1953,  27:  No. 9429;
    Chem.  Abstr.,  1953, 47:  1144Tb.   "Testoste-
    rone had no appreciabTe effect  on the weights
    of  thigh muscle, heart,  liver and bone, and
    on  the  carcass  protein percentage in the
     three   operated groups."

 1469
   Seemann,  H.   UBER DAS VORKOMMEN DES OSTRINS
     IN  DEN  HODEN UND SEINE WIRKUNG AUF DAS
    KNOCHENWACHSTUM.   Endokrinologie,  1937, 18:
    225-234.   20 refs.  Abstracted  inr Biol.
    Abstr., Bait.,  1938,  12: No. 4767; Chem.
    Abstr., 1937,  31:  312*2*6'.

 1470
   Silberberg,  M. and Silberberg, R.  FURTHER  IN-
    VESTIGATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF THE MALE SEX
    HORMONE ON  ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION.  Anat.
    Rec, 1946, 95: 97-117.   pi.  10 refs.  In
    mature male and female mice testosterone
    propionate accelerated aging of the epi-
    physeal cartilage and castration delayed epi-
    physeal cartilage  development.  Small doses
    of  testosterone propionate  to castrate ani-
    mals restored  growth and development of the
    cartilage.  The resumption of growth was con-
    sidered due to  the restitution  of cartilage
    development and not to a direct growth-
    stimulating effect of the hormone.

1471
  Silberberg,  M. and Silberberg, R.  GROWTH AND
    DEVELOPMENT OF THE LONG  BONES  OF CASTRATE
    MICE UNDER THE  INFLUENCE OF THYROXINE.  Anat.
    Rec, 1947, 98: 181-191. pi.   9 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in:~Excerpta med., Sect.  3,  1948,
    2: No. 1543; Biol. Abstr.,  Bait.,  1948, 22:
    Ho. 13677.

1472
   Silberberg,  M. and Silberberg,  R.  GROWTH PRO-
    CESSES IN CARTILAGE AND BONE SUBSEQUENT TO
    GONADECTOMY AND ADMINISTRATION OF ANTERIOR
    PITUITARY EXTRACT OF CATTLE IN  IMMATURE MALE
    AND FEMALE GUINEA PIGS.   Am.  J. Path., 1939,
    15: 55-71.  4  pi.  16 refs.  Abstracted in:
    BTol. Abstr., Bait.,  1939,  13: No. 9373.


1473
   Silberberg,  M. and Silberberg,  R.  RESPONSE
    OF CARTILAGE AND BONE OF GROWING MICE TO
    TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE. Arch. Path., Chic,
    1941, 32:  85-95.  6 refs.   Abstracted in:
    Biol. A*b"str., Bait.,  1942,  16: No. 6753;
    Chem. Abstr.,  1941, 35:  6296*.
1474
  ,)BMnn  „  p   Marx. W., Becks, H. and Evans,
  S EP £ ' EFFECT £ TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATES
    THE BODY WEIGHT AND SKELETAL SYSTEM OF HYPO-
    ph?se?tomizeS^ats.  synergism with pituitary
    GROWTH HORMONE.  Endocrinology, 19**, JO.
    309-316   pl   7 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr.,'Bait!, 1945, 19: No. 6402; Chem.
    Abstr., 1945, 39: 739*27

1475
 ♦Tinacci  F  and Agostini, C.  L'AZIONE DEL PRO-
    PIONATO DI TESTOSTERONE SUL CONTENUTO LIPIDI-
    CO DEL TESSUTO CARTILAGINEO IN RELAZIONE AL
    FENOMENO DELL' OSSIFICAZIONE.  Boll. Soc.
    ital. biol. sper.,  1953, 29: 280-282.  Ab-
    stracted in: Chem.  Abstr., 1954, 48: 263b.

1476
  Turner, H.  H., Lachmann, E.  and Hellbaum, A. A.
    EFFECT OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE ON BONE
    GROWTH AND SKELETAL MATURATION OF NORMAL AND
    CASTRATED MALE RATS.  Endocrinology, 1941,
    29:  425-429.  8 refs.   Abstracted in: Biol.
    ABstr., Bait., 1942, 16: No. 6764; Chem.
    Abstr., 1941, 35: 7504"*5.
See:
789
1168
HORMONAL INFLUENCE - THYMUS, SPLEEN AND  PINEAL
  BODY

1477
  Asenjo, A.  DER EINFLUSS DER THYMUSDRUSE AUF
    DIE CALLUSBILDUNG BEI FRAKTUREN.   Zbl.
    Chir., 1937, 64: 2037-2041.  23 refs.
1478
  Eskelund, V. and Plum, C. M.  EXPERIMENTAL
    INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE HEALING OF FRAC-
    TURES.  INFLUENCE OF EXTRACTS OF THYMUS AND
    OTHER TISSUES.  Acta endocr., Kbh.,  1953,
    12: 171-178.  2 refs.  Abstracted  in: Biol.
    A"Bstr., Bait., 1953, 27: No. 29904.  Thymic
    tissue injected intramuscularly in rats ac-
    celerated the healing of fractures.  Ex-
    tracts of lymphatic and adrenal tissue were
    not tested comprehensively enough  to draw
    conclusions.  Splenic tissue had no  effect.
1479
  Ferriani, G.  LA DEGENERAZIONE CHERATINICA
    DELLA GHIANDOLA DELL'UROPIGIO DEL  GALLUS
    DOMESTICUS IN RELAZIONE AL RACHITISMO.
    Boll. Soc. ital. biol. sper., 1939,  14:
    122-123.  3 refs.  Experiments on  chicks
    fed a rachitogenic diet indicated  a  close
    relationship between rickets and keratini-
    zing degeneration of the preen gland.
1480
  Ferriani, G.  RICERCHE SPERIMENTALI  SUL RAP-
    PORTO FRA GHIANDOLA DELL'UROPIGIO  E  FENO-
    MENI DI RACHITISMO.  Boll. Soc. ital biol
    sper., 1939, 14: 199-200.  Further experi-
    ments on chicks indicate a relationship be-
    tween experimental rickets or developmental
    malformations and degeneration of  the preen
    gland; but this gland has no causative nor
    curative effects on rickets.
1481
  Fiaccavento, W.  VARIAZIONI DELL'ATTrviTA
    FOSFATASICA DEL TESSUTO OSSEO IN SEGUITO A
    TIMECTOMIA.  Ormonologia,  Tor.,  1952, 12:
    260-267.  22 refs.   Abstracted in:  Excerpta
    med., Sect. 3, 1954, 8: No.  609.

1482
  Haas, A. and Hanke, H.  THYMUS UND KNOCHEN-
    REGENERATION.  Deut. Zschr.  Chir.,  1936,
    247: 724-727.  15 refs.  Abstracted  in:
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,  1936-37,  6: No.
    5121.  "Neither removal of the thymus
    gland nor injections of thymus extract
    (thymocrescin) appeared to have any  sig-
    nificant effect on the production of cal-
    lus in rabbits after fracture." - Nutrit.
    Abstr. 
83
HORMONAL INFLUENCE
  BODY (Continued)
THYMUS, SPLEEN AND PINEAL
1483
  Hanke, H.  UBER EXPERIMENTELLE OSTEODYSTROPHIA
    FIBROSA.  Frankf. Zschr. Path., 1935, 48:
    171-201.  63 refs.  In young rats the ef-
    fects on bone of dextrose, ammonium chloride,
    lead acetate and thymus extract administered
    separately or in combination were studied.
    The resulting lesions, similar to those  in
    osteodystrophia fibrosa, were due to acido-
    sis and suggested that faulty mineral me-
    tabolism, rather than hyperparathyroidism
    might be responsible for this condition.

1484
  Marx, J.  OSTEODYSTROPHIA ES H0RM0NHATAS.
    Orv. hetil., 1935, 79: 1262-1264.  8 refs.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1936, 30:
    1853°.  "Experiments on guinea pigs-with
    "Thymototal" (of Labopharma at Berlin) and
    "Perlien" (of Richter at Budapest) proved
    that not only the secondary thyroid gland
    but also the thymus and spleen take part in
    the control of calcium metabolism.  An in-
    creased calcification caused by an artifi-
    cial hyperfunction of secondary thyroid
    could not be prevented by simultaneous ad-
    ministration of thymus and spleen prepara-
    tions .  Curing of osteodystrophy by means
    of such hormones seems to be unsuccessful."
    - Chem. Abstr.
1485
  Messini, M. and Coppo, M.  RICERCHE SUI RAP-
    PORTI FRA ORMONI E VITAMINE.  STUDIO SUL
    MECCANISMO D'AZIONE DELLA VITAMINA ANTI-
    RACHITICA NELL'ORGANISMO COME CONTRIBUTO
    ALIA CONOSCENZA DELLA FISIOPATOLOGIA DEL
    TIMO.  Arch. 1st. biochim. ital., 1935,
    7: 195-232.  Approx. 130 refs.  Abstracted
    Tn: Chem. Abstr., 1935, 29: 74149.
1486
  Nozawa, H.  [ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE
    SPLEEN FUNCTION AND THE GROWTH OF THE BONE
    AND THE TOOTH]  Tr. Jap. Path. Soc, 1932,
    22: 352-357.
1487
  Oka,  H.   [BEITRAGE ZUM VERHALTEN DER ENDOKRINEN
    ORGANE BEI KNOCHENFRAKTUR.  (II. MITTEILUNG).
    HISTOLOGISCHE VERANDERUNG VON ZIRBEL, PAN-
    KREAS, SPEICHELDRUSE UND HODEN IM VERLAUFE
    DER FRAKTURHEILUNG]  Okayama igakki zassi,
    1939,  51:  288-313.  3 pi.  154 refs.  Ger-
    man summary, p. 312-313.
1488
 /fcland, F.  THYMUS UND KNOCHENBILDUNG DIE
    KURLOFF-KORPER ALS MARKIERUNG DER PROSPEK-
    TIVEN KNOCHENZELLEN.  Skrifter Norsk.
    Videnskaps-Akad., Oslo, Mat. Naturv. Kl.,
    1940, No. 3.  44p.  Approx. 166 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1944, 38: 23791.
    An extensive review of the literature is
    followed by descriptions of experiments on
    guinea pigs to determine the role of the
    thymus gland and Kurloff bodies in bone
    formation.
1489
Pflugfelder, O.  WIRKUNGEN DER EPIPHYSEKTOMIE
  AUF DIE POSTEMBRYONALENTWICKLUNG VON LEBISTES
  RETICULATUS PETERS.  Arch. Entwmech., 1953,
  146: 115-136.  109 refs.  The effect of the
  removal of the pineal body from newborn
  guppies (Lebistes reticulatus) is shown by
  changes in their further development:
  marked curvature of the spine due to prema-
  ture involution of chordal tissue and de-
  fective ossification (see particularly,
  p.  121-124);  no further increase in weight;
  increased activity of the thyroid, anterior
  pituitary and the island cells and Stannius
  corpuscles of pronephros.
1490
  Rossitto, G. "L1AZIONE DELLA TIMECTOMIA IN
    ANIMALI D'ESPERIMENTO ED IN FASE ACCRESCI-
    TIVA."  NOTA II*. BIOCHIMICA: COMPORTAMENTO
    DEL CALCIO (CA), MAGNESIO (MG),  F0SF0R0 (P)
    E DELLA FOSFATASI.  Gior.  sc. med., Venez.,
    1951, 6: 123-128.  13 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Chem. Abstr., 1953, 47: 11455d.

1491
  Salter, K.  UBER DEN EINFLUSS EINSEITIGER
    ERNAHRUNG (THYMUSFUTTERUNG) AUF SKELETTMERK-
    MALE DER RAT.  Arch. Entwmech.,  1949, 143:
    488-514.  10 refs.  Abstracted in:  Excerpta
    med., Sect. 1, 1949, 3: No. 1427; Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1950, 54: No. 12137.

See:

  1147

HORMONAL INFLUENCE - THYROID

1492
  Askanazy, M. and Rutishauser, E.  DIE KNOCHEN
    DER BASEDOWKRANKEN.  BEITRAG ZUR LATENTEN
    OSTEODYSTROPHIA FIBROSA.  Virchows  Arch.,
    1933, 291: 653-681.  37xefs.

1493
  Asling, C. W., Becks, H., Simpson, M. E.  and
    Evans, H. M.  THE EFFECT OF THYROXIN INJEC-
    TIONS ON GROWTH AND EPIPHYSEAL CLOSURE OF
    THE THIRD METACARPAL BONE IN HYPOPHYSECTOM-
    IZED FEMALE RATS.  Anat. Rec, 1949, 104:
    255-260.  3 refs.  Abstracted in: BioTT"
    Abstr., Bait., 1951, 25: No. 7786.

1494
  Becks, H., Collins, D. A., Asling, C. W.,
    Scow, R. 0., Simpson, M. E. and  Evans,  H. M.
    GROWTH AND TRANSFORMATION OF THE MANDIBULAR
    JOINT IN THE RAT.  IV. THE EFFECTS  OF THY-
    ROIDECTOMY AT BIRTH.  Oral. Surg.,  1948,  1:
    315-318.  6 refs.
1495
  Benoit
noit,„J. and Clavert,  J.   ACTION DE LA
THYROlDE SUR LE METABOLISME CALCIQUE ET LE
TISSU OSSEUX CHEZ LE CANARD DOMESTIQUE.
Arch. anat. micr., Par.,  1948,  37:  214-
229.  30 refs.  Abstracted in:  BTol.
Abstr., Bait., 1950, 24:  No. 815; Ex-
cerpta med., Sect. 3,"T949, 3:  No.  663.
1496
Benoit, J.  and Clavert,  J.   ROLE  DE  LA  GLANDE
  THYROlDE  DANS L'OSTEOGEnESE FOLLICULINIQUE
  CHEZ LES  OISEAUX.   C.  rend. Ass. anat.
  (1948) 1949, 35:  68-74.   12 refs.   Ab-
  stracted  in: Bull.  Anal.  CNRS,  1950,  11:
  pt. 2, No. 111310.   Histologic  studies  of
  medullary ossification in thyroidectomized
  and hyperthyroid ducks indicated that thy-
  roxine clearly favors the formation of  bone
  protein matrix.
1497
  Benoit,  J.  and Clavert,  J.   ROLE DE LA THY-
    ROlDE  DANS LE MECANISME DE L'ACTION HYPER-
    CALCE"MIANTE DE LA FOLLICULINE CHEZ LE
    CANARD DOMESTIQUE.  C. rend.  Soc biol.,
    1942,  136: 757.  Abstracted in: Chem.
    Abstr.TT945, 39: 30517 .
1498
  Brush, H. V.  THE EFFECTS OF THYROXIN AND
    STILBESTROL ON HEALING OF FRACTURES IN THE
    RAT.  Am. J. Anat., 1945, 76: 339-368.  3
    pi.  17 refs.  Abstracted Tn: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1945, 19: No. 15961; Chem. Abstr.,
    1947, 41: 1024"5. 
84
HORMONAL INFLUENCE
  tinued)
THYROID (Con-
 1499
   Coryn, G.   LES AFFECTIONS ENDOCRINIENNES DU
     SQUELETTE.  LA  THYROKDE.  Presse med.,
     1938,  46:  228-231.   2  refs.  Abstracted in:
     Chem.  ABstr.,  1938,  32: 59019.

 1500
   Drill, V.  A.  BONE  CALCIUM DURING HYPERTHY-
     ROIDISM.   Proc Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y.,
     1941,  48:  448-450.   15 refs.  "Rats fed
     100 mg of thyroid gland per day showed,
     after  25 days,  an average decrease of 2.66%
     in the calcium content of the ash of fat-
     free femur.  The  concomitant  loss in body
     weight of 23%,  makes it unlikely that the
     thyroid  feeding per  se had a  specific ef-
     fect on  bone calcium."

 1501
   Dziewiatkowski,  D.  D.  EFFECT OF THYROXINE
     AND THIOURACIL ON S35  DEPOSITION IN ARTICU-
     LAR CARTILAGE.  J. Biol. Chem., 1951, 189:
     717-727.   24 refs.  Abstracted in:  BioTT"
     Abstr.,  Bait.,  1951, 25: No. 27320.

 1502
   Eitel, H.  and Lexer, E.  W.  SCHILDDRUSEN-
     TATIGKEIT UND FRAKTURHEILUNG.  Arch. klin.
     Chir.,  1936, 185:  587-598.  18 refs.

 1503
   Falkenheim, M.   THE INFLUENCE OF GROWTH ON THE
     PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM  OF THE MOUSE AND THE
     EFFECT OF THYROXINE AT VARIOUS AGES.  Am. J.
     Physiol.,  1942, 138: 175-179.  14 refs.  Ab-
     stracted  in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1943-
     44,  13:  No. 431.   "In  the growing mouse the
     rate of  phosphorus turnover of the tissues
     studied  is a function  of the age of the ani-
    mal.   The decrease in  the rate of phosphorus
     turnover with age  is greatest in tibia. ...
    Thyroxine seems to have very little, if any,
    effect on the phosphorus turnover of the tis-
    sues of  the mouse, with the exception of the
    tibia which in the older mice shows an in-
    crease in the P*  to P  ratio upon the ad-
    ministration of thyroxine."

1504
   Follis, R. H., Jr.  SKELETAL CHANGES ASSO-
    CIATED WITH HYPERTHYROIDISM.  Bull. Johns
    Hopkins Hosp.,  1953, 92: 405-422.  5 pi.
    40  refs.  Abstracted Tn: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait.,  1954, 28: No. 860.  A histological
    study of the vertebral bodies from 20 cases
    of  active hyperthyroidism.  There was evi-
    dence in all of excess destruction in
    varying degrees.  Osteomalacia or osteo-
    porosis were seen in some.

1505
   Fontaine, R., Chevallier, A., Klein,  M.,
    Mandel, P., Wiest, E.,  Gries, A. and
    Voeeleisen, A.   ACTION DE LA THYROXINE SUR
    L'EVOLUTION DES FRACTURES EXPERIMENTALES
    CHEZ LE CHIEN.   Lyon chir., 1952, 47: 23-
    36.  18 refs.   Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 9, 1952,  6:  No.  7104.  In adult dogs
    the effect of thyroxin on fracture healing
    is studied radiologically, histologically
    and biochemically.

1506
   Fox, E. and Irving,  J. T.  THE EFFECT OF THY-
    ROID HORMONE ON THE OSSIFICATION OF THE FE-
    MUR IN XENOPUS LAEVIS  TADPOLES.  S. Afr. J.
    M.  Sc, 1950,  15:  11-14.  10 refs.   Ab-
    stracted in: Excerpta  med., Sect. 3, 1951,
    5: No.  366.

1507
   Goldfeder, A. and Wal-Balacianu, R   INFLUENCE
    D§  L'ADMINISTRATION DE LA THIOUREE SUR LE
    METABOLISME DU CALCIUM ET DU PHOSPHORE.
    Arch,  internat. pharm.  dyn., Par.,  1949, 78:
    345-348.  6 refs.   Abstracted in: Nutrit.
    Abstr., Aberdeen,   1949-50, 19: No.  842.
1508
Goldman, H. M.  ^XPERI^NTAL HYPERTHYROIDISM

  IN GUINEA PIGS.  Am. J  0r^°^ed in:
  29: Oral Surg., 665-681   Abstr      Abstr. ,
  CfTem. Abstr., 1944, 38. 3JD1 ,
  Bait., 1944, 18: No.TT0718.
1509
  hLito  H   EXPERIMENTELLE UNTERSUCHUNGEN  UBER

    REGENERATION.  Deut. Zschr. Chir.,  1936,  247.
    317-328   17 refs.  "Complete removal of  thy-
    roid tissue did not appear to influence the
    rate of healing of fractures in young rabbits
    but injection of thyroid extract  in normal
    animals accelerated the formation and im-
    proved the quality of callus."


  Hanke, H.  VITAMIN C UND SCHILDDRUSE  IN IHREN
    BEZIEHUNGEN ZUR KNOCHENREGENERATION.  Klin.
    Wschr., 1936, 15: 1121-1124.  7 refs.   In
    the vitamin C deficient guinea pig, experi-
    mental fractures of bones did not heal.  Re-
    moval of the thyroid gland had no effect  on
    bone regeneration.

1511
  Kozdoba,  A. Z.  K PROBLEME - ZAZHIVLENIE
    KOSTNYKH PERELOMOV I VNUTRENNIAIA SEKRETSIIA.
    SOOBSHCHENIE I. ZAZHIVLENIE KOSTNYKH PERELOMOV
    PRI EKSPERIMENTAL'NOM NARUSHENII  FUNKTSII
    SHCHITOVIDNOI ZHELEZY.  [PROBLEM  OF HEALING
    OF BONE FRACTURES AND INTERNAL SECRETION.
    FIRST REPORT: HEALING OF BONE FRACTURES IN
    EXPERIMENTAL FUNCTIONAL DISTURBANCE OF  THE
    THYROID GLAND]  Vest. Khir., 1938,  56:  33-42.

1512
  Kozdoba,  A. Z. and Schtscherbina, I.  A.
    KNOCHENHEILUNG UND SCHILDDRUSE.   Mitt.
    Grenzgeb. Med. Chir., 1935, 44: 78-92.
    56 refs .  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,
    1936, 30: 528l3; Nutrit. Abstr.,  Aber-
    deen, TU35-36, 5: No. 2870.

1513
  Layani, F., Mignot, J., Champeau, M.  and
    Aschkenasy, A.  LA THYREOTOXIC0SE EX-
    PERIMENTALE CHRONIQUE DU COBAYE.  II. LE
    SYSTEME OSSEUX.  Ann. endocr., Par., 1947,
    8: 307-317.  13 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1948, 22: No.  16183;
    Chem. Abstr., 1950, 44: 7443*"5.

1514
  Leblond,  C. P. and Eartly, H.  AN ATTEMPT TO
    PRODUCE COMPLETE THYROXINE DEFICIENCY IN  THE
    RAT.  Endocrinology, 1952, 51: 26-41.   23
    refs.

1515
  Lyon, E.   ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VITAMIN
    A METABOLISM AND THYROGENIC OSTEOPOROSIS
    AND ARTHROSIS.  Gastroenterologia,  Basel,
    1940, 65: 51-62.  35 refs.  Abstracted  in:
    Chem. ABstr., 1942, 36: 5216°.

1516
  McDonald, M. R., Riddle, O. and Smith, G. C
    ACTION OF THYROXIN ON ESTROGEN-INDUCED
    CHANGES IN BLOOD CHEMISTRY AND ENDOSTEAL
    BONE.  Endocrinology, 1945, 37: 23-28.   15
    refs.
1517
  Martin, E.  and Curtet, W.   THYROlDE, ARTICU-
    LATIONS ET SQUELETTE.  Rev.  rhumat., par
    1949, 16:  427-437.   15 refs.   English
    summary.   Abstracted in:  Excerpta med
    Sect. 3,  1950, 4:  No. 738.
1518
18                    ..
Martos, J.  KNOCHENVERANDERUNGEN BEI EX
  PERIMENTELLEM HYPERTHYREOIDISMUS UND BET
  BASEDOW-KRANKHEIT.  Beitr. path. Anat
  1938, 100: 293-308.  18 refs.  Abstracted
  in: NutrTt. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1938-39  s
  No. 583.                             '  -: 
85
HORMONAL INFLUENCE  - THYROID  (Con-
  tinued)

1519

  Nielsen,  H.   THE  BONE SYSTEM IN HYPERTHY-
     ROIDISM.   A CLINICAL AND  EXPERIMENTAL STUDY.
     Acta med.  scand.,  1952,  Suppl.  266,  783-796.
     9  refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect.
     3,  1952, 6:  No. 2016; Nutrit. Abstr., Aber-
     deen,  1953,  23: No. 657.

1520
  Noback,  C. R.,  Barnett, J.  C.  and Kupperman,
     H.  S.   THE TIME OF APPEARANCE OF OSSIFICA-
     TION CENTRES IN THE RAT AS INFLUENCED BY
     INJECTIONS OF THYROXIN, THIOURACIL,  ESTRA-
     DIOL AND TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE. Anat.
     Rec,  1949,  103:  49-67.   pi.   22 refs.  Ab-
     stracted in:  Excerpta med.,  Sect. 3, 1950,
     4:  No.  581;  Biol.  Abstr., Bait., 1949, 23:
     No. 26151.                             —

1521
  Ogawa, T. and  Ohnishi,  Y.   UEBER  DEN EINFLUSS
    DER SCHILDDRUSE AUF DAS KNOCHENWACHSTUM BEI
     B-AVITAMINOSE.  Fol.  endocr., jap.,  1931,
     7:  35-36.   Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr ,
    T932,  26:  4365.

1522
  Patras,  M. C.  and Wakerlin, G.  E.  THYROID
     THERAPY AND THE SKULL BONE PATTERN OF THYRO-
     PARATHYROIDECTOMIZED RATS.  Am. J. Physiol.,
     1940,  131: 129-134.  11 refs.  Abstracted
     in: Chem.  Abstr.,  1941,  35:  4993; Biol.
     Abstr., Bait.,  1941,  15:  No.  12334.

1523
  Patras,  M. C,  Templeton, R. D.,  Ferguson,
     R.  L.  and  Hummon,  I.  F.   THE  EFFECT  OF THY-
     ROID AND CALCIUM  THERAPY  ON THE SKULL BONES
     OF  THYROPARATHYROIDECTOMIZED  RATS.  Am. J.
     Physiol.,  1941, 133:  617-622.  6 refs.  Ab-
     stracted in:  Biol.  Abstr., Bait., 1941, 15:
     No. 21594; Nutrit.  Abstr., Aberdeen, 194T"*
     42, 11: No.  2227.

1524
  Principe, U.  ALTERAZIONI DELLO SVILUPPO
     SCHELETRICO IN  ANIMALI TIROIDECTOMIZZATI.
     Arch.  "Putti",  1953,  3:  172-179.  35 refs.
     Young  rabbits were thyroidectomized  and
     histological studies made of  their femurs
     at  various subsequent intervals.  Altera-
     tions  observed  in  the epiphyseal cartilages
     and in  the epiphyseo-diaphyseal zone are
     described.  The article is preceded  by a
     review  of  the literature.
1525
  Ray,  R. D.,  Asling,  C.  W.,  Simpson, M. E. and
     Evans,  H.  M.  EFFECTS OF  THYROXIN INJECTIONS
     ON GROWTH  AND DIFFERENTIATION OF THE SKELETON
     OF  HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED FEMALE  RATS. Anat. Rec,
     1950, 107: 253-263.   8 refs.  Abstracted in:
     Excerpta med.,  Sect.  3, 1951, 5: No. 103.
    A chemical,  histological  and  roentgenological
     study.
1526
  Scow, R. 0.,  Simpson,  M. E., Asling, C.  W.,
    Li, C. H.  and Evans,  H. M. RESPONSE BY THE
    RAT THYRO-PARATHYROIDECTOMIZED  AT BIRTH TO
    GROWTH HORMONE  AND  TO THYROXIN  GIVEN SEPA-
    RATELY OR  IN  COMBINATION.   I. GENERAL GROWTH
    AND ORGAN  CHANGES.  Anat.  Rec, 1949,  104:
    445-463.   7  refs.   Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait.,  1950,  24:  No.  12385.   In un-
    treated controls bone age advanced 3 days
    (that is,  to  18 days), in rats  treated with
    thyroxin alone  or with thyroxin and  growth
    hormone bone  age advanced  to  40 days;  in
    rats receiving  growth hormone alone  bone age
    advanced only 3 days.
1527
  Severi,  A. and Zagnoni. C.   IL  PROCESSO  DI
    RIPARAZIONE DELLA FRATTURE DURANTE TRATTA-
    MENTO  TI0URACILIC0.  Acta  chir.  patav.,
    1949,  5:  No. 4,  CXXXII-CXL.  Abstracted
    in:  Excerpta med.,  Sect. 1, 1950, 4:  No.
    1796.
 1528
   Silberberg, M. and Silberberg, R.  CHANGES  IN
    THE  SKELETAL TISSUES OF MICE FOLLOWING THE
    ADMINISTRATION OF THYROXINE.  Growth,
    Ithaca,  1940, 4: 305-314.  9 refs.  "In
    growing  mice, administration of thyroxine
    accelerates first proliferation, then ossi-
    fication and finally resorption of the epi-
    physeal  cartilage and the cartilage of the
    joints.  Resorptive processes are not only
    accelerated but also increased and thus
    lead to  a complete epiphyseal-diaphyseal
    union which does not take place in normal
    mice of  corresponding strains at any age.
    In general, thyroxine accelerates and in-
    tensifies the age changes in the skeleton.
     ...it also decreases the severity and in-
    cidence  of certain old age changes which
    occur in the joints of normal mice."
 1529
   Silberberg, M. and Silberberg, R.  EFFECT OF
    POTASSIUM IODIDE ON BONE AND CARTILAGE IN
    THYROIDECTOMIZED IMMATURE GUINEA PIGS.
    Arch.  Path., Chic, 1939, 28: 846-850.  8
    refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1940,
    34:  10778; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1940, 14:
    No.  6425.
 1530
   Silberberg, M. and Silberberg, R.  EFFECTS OF
    POTASSIUM IODIDE ON THE SKELETAL TISSUES OF
    GROWING  MICE.  Am. J. Path., 1944, 20: 329-
    339.   pi.  21 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.
    Abstr.,  1944, 38: 50057; Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1944, 18: No. 10279.
 1531
   Silberberg, M. and Silberberg, R.  THE EFFECTS
    OF THYROID FEEDING ON GROWTH PROCESSES AND
    RETROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN BONE AND CARTILAGE
    OF THE IMMATURE GUINEA PIG.  Growth, Ithaca,
    1938,  2: 327-333.  22 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol.  A~bstr., Bait., 1939, 13: No. 9211;
    Chem.  Abstr., 1939, 33: 64*24*6.
 1532
   Silberberg, M. and Silberberg, R.  THE GROWTH
    AND  RETROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN CARTILAGE AND
    BONE  OF  THE GUINEA PIG PRODUCED BY POTASSIUM
    IODIDE.  Growth, Ithaca, 1938, 2:  369-374.
    9 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. ABstr.,  Bait.,
    1939,  13: No. 9212.
 1533
  Silberberg, M. and Silberberg,  R.  SKELETAL
    CHANGES CAUSED BY THE COMBINED ADMINISTRA-
    TION OF THYROXIN AND ESTROGEN.  Am.  J. Path.,
    1946,  22: 1033-1045.  3 pi.   11 refs.   "In
    growing mice, the skeletal effects of estro-
    gen can be modified but not prevented by
    simultaneous administration of thyroxin.
    Thyroxin partly restores both hypertrophy of
    cartilage and resorption of cartilage and
    bone which are markedly inhibited by estrogen.
    However,  thyroxin does not counteract the sup-
    pression of proliferation of the cartilage and
    its regression caused by estrogen."
1534
  Silberberg, M. and Silberberg, R.  SKELETAL
    DEVELOPMENT AND DEGENERATIVE JOINT DISEASE
    IN MICE TREATED WITH RADIOACTIVE IODINE
    (I131).  Am. J. Path., 1952, 28:  Proc
    569-570.   An abstract.       —

1535
  Smith,  E. E.  and McLean,  F.  C.   EFFECT OF
    HYPERTHYROIDISM UPON GROWTH AND CHEMICAL
    COMPOSITION OF BONE.   Endocrinology,  1938,
    23:  546-552.   21 refs.   "Chemical analysis
    oT the bones of rats fed sufficient thyroid
    substance to produce severe hyperthyroidism
    revealed  no evidence of failure of calcifi-
    cation in the bones of rapidly growing rats
    or of decalcification of the bones of older
    rats.  ...   There was cessation or marked
    retardation of growth at the epiphyseal
    junctions of the femurs and  tibias of rats
    between 4.5 and 8 months of age after feeding
    toxic doses of thyroid for from 4 to 12
    weeks." 
86
HORMONAL INFLUENCE - THYROID (Con-
  tinued)
1536
  Thompson,  J
                THE INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM AND
    IODINE ON GROWING RATS.   Endocrinology,
    1933,  17- 537-549.   22 refs.  Abstracted
    in:  BioT. Abstr., Bait.,  1934, 8:  No. 19839.

1537
 *Tinacci, F. and Agostini,  C.  L'AZIONE DELLA
    TIROXINA SUL CONTENUTO LIPIDICO DEL TESSUTO
    CARTILAGINEO IN RELAZIONE AL FENOMENO DELL'
    ACCRESCIMENTO SCHELETRICO.  Boll.  Soc ital.
    biol.  sper., 1953,  29: 282-284.  Abstracted
    in:  Chem. Abstr., 19*54,  48:  263b.

1538
  Vincenti, M.  L'IMPORTANZA DELLA TIROIDE NELLA
    GUARIGIONE DELLE FRATTURE.  RICERCHE SPERI-
    MENTALI.  Policlinico, 1943, 50:  sez. prat.,
    78-83.  25 refs.  Abstracted in:  Biol.
    Abstr., Bait.,  1949, 23:  No. 14867.

1539
  Weiss, R. M. and  Noback, C. R.  THE EFFECTS OF
    THYROXIN AND THIOURACIL ON THE TIME OF AP-
    PEARANCE OF OSSIFICATION CENTERS OF RAT
    FETUSES.  Endocrinology,  1949, 45: 389-395.
    15 refs.  Abstracted in:  Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1950,  24: No. 9177; Chem. Abstr.,  1950, 44:
    8465C.

1540
  Weisschedel, E.  DIE ABHANGIGKEIT DES SKELETT-
    WACHSTUMS VON SCHILDDRUSE UND HYPOPHYSE.
    Zbl.  Chir.,  1947, 72: 1438-1444.  1 ref.

1541
  Wolterink, L.  F.,  Epstein, D. I. and Murray,
    M.  EFFECT OF THIOURACIL INDUCED HYPOTHY-
    ROIDISM  ON THE PARTITION OF RADIOACTIVE
    CALCIUM  BETWEEN  BONE AND LIVER IN NORMAL
    AND RACHITIC MALE RATS.  Fed. Proc, Bait.,
    1951,  10: 148-149.  An abstract.
See:
687	741	772	823	824
825	933	1156	1179	1189
1202	1208	1230	1239	1241
1273	1277	1278	1280	1283
1313	1316	1323	1328	1334
1343	1370	1415	1471	1484
MARROW RELATIONSHIPS

  see also TISSUE EXTRACTS;  TISSUE  TRANSPLANTS
1542
  Ascenzi, A.  SULLE PROPRIETA OTTICHE DELL'OSSO
    UMANO NORMALE E PATOLOGICO (SIGNIFICATO DELLE
    ALTERAZIONI OSSEE NEL MORBO DI  COOLEY).   Riv.
    antrop., 1948-1949, 36:  97-119.  14 refs.
1543
  Ferroni, M.  IL QUADRO BIOCHIMICO DEL MIDOLLO
    OSSEO.  NOTA SECONDA:  LA GLICO-CLOROMIELIA
    DI BASE IN CONDIZIONI  NORMALI  E PATOLOGICHE.
    Arch, pat., Bologna,  1942,  22:  473-488.

1544
  Guarnaschelli-Raggio, A.  AZIONE DELL'ANEMIA
    DA SALASSO SULLA COMPOSIZIONE  MINERALE
    DELLE OSSA.  Pathologica, Genova,  1939,  31:
    99-106.  33 refs.  English and German sum*"
    maries.  Abstracted in:  Chem.  Abstr , 1939.
    33: 59075.

1545
  Guarnaschelli-Raggio, A. and Gaetano, M.  COM-
    PORTAMENTO DELLA COMPOSIZIONE  MINERALE DELLO
    SCHELETRO IN RAPPORTO ALL'INTRODUZIONE DI
    LIPOIDI SPLENICI INIBENTI IL MIDOLLO OSSEO.
    (RICERCHE SPERIMENTALI).  Policlinico, 1942,
    49: 1-7.  20 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.
    Abstr., 1947, 41: 3202i.
1546                                        KON
  Holmdahl, D. E. and Ingelmark, B. E.   DE«
    TAKT ZWISCHEN GELENKKNORPEL UND "WOCHJin- 55:
    MARKHbHLE.  Acta Soc. med. upsal.,  1»3"> __
    147-171.  14 refs.  Shorter versions of this
    paper are published in English in:  Acta
    orthop. scand., 1950, 20: 156-165;  Acta anat
    Basel, 1951, 12: 341-349".  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1953, 27: No. 1101.
    "In all joints examined direct contacts be-
    tween the medullary cavities of the bones
    and the basal parts of the articular car-
    tilages have been proved.  In the great
    majority of cases it is the calcified part
    of the articular cartilage that touches
    the medullary cavity.  In some cases off-
    shoots of medullary cavity tissue reaching
    into the un-calcified articular cartilage
    have been found...  In several cases a
    special arrangement of the bone in rela-
    tion to the point of contact has been ob-
    served. "

1547
  Huggins, C. and Smith, K. McL.  THE EFFECT OF
    HYPERTROPHIC CARTILAGE ON BONE MARROW GROWTH.
    J. Exp. M., 1938, 67: 41-48.  2 pi.  14 refs,

1548
  Lacroix, P.  COMMENT LE PfiRIOSTE ET LA MOELLE
    DES OS GRANDISSENT-ILS?  Rev. orthop., Par.,
    1949, 35: 141-145.  4 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Excerpta med.,  Sect. 1, 1950, 4: No. 901.

1549
  Lacroix, P.  THE GROWTH OF THE BONE MARROW.
    J. Bone Surg.,  1949, 31A: 776-778.  3 refs.
    Abstracted in:  Biol. A*Bstr., Bait., 1950,
    24: No. 12669.   "The clear zone between
    th"e end of the medullary cavity enlarged
    at a rate exactly proportional to the
    growth rate of the neighboring epiphyseal
    cartilage.  The author concludes that mar-
    row grows by a combination of peripheral
    addition of new tissue and interstitial
    growth.  It thus appears to be intermediate
    between bone growth, a peripheral effect,
    and periosteum, which is interstitial."
    - Biol. Abstr.

1550
  Levander, G.  AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE
    ROLE OF THE BONE MARROW IN BONE REGENERA-
    TION.  Acta chir. scand., 1939-40, 83:
    545-560.  pi.  10 refs.  Abstracted~"Tn:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1946, 20: No. 17630.
    In experiments with rabbits of different
    ages bone marrow was grafted into subcu-
    taneous soft tissues.  Where bone forma-
    tion occurred the marrow cells were ob-
    served to die and it was concluded that
    the new bone arose from the surrounding
    mesenchymal tissues stimulated by the
    marrow graft.

1551
  Molchanova, V. A.  ROL' KOSTNOGO MOZGA V
    REGENERATSII KOSTI.  [ROLE OF BONE MARROW]
    Vestnik khir.,  1940, 60: 345-348.  2 pi.
    13 refs.

1552
  Piringer-Kuchinka, A.  ZUR KENNTNIS DES BAU-
    PLANES UND DER ZELLVERMEHRUNG IM KNOCHEN-
    MARKGEWEBE.  Wien. klin. Wschr., 1951, 63:
    909-911.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 1, 1953, 7: No. 1161.  The structure
    and processes ot cell multiplication of
    bone marrow were studied in frozen and
    stained sections of marrow from guinea pigs
    rabbits, dogs and humans.


15Raenotti, E.  DIE TATSACHE DES ERSCHEINENS
    DER EPIPHYSENLINIEN DURCH DIE ERYTHROPOESE
    Virchow's Arch., 1930, 277: 788-803.
    refs   Abstracted in: Biol,
    1932i  6:  No. 20360.
          17
Abstr., Bait 
MARROW RELATIONSHIPS  (Continued)
87
1554
  Rizvash, S. I.  EKSPERIMENTAL'NYE ISSLEDOVANIIA
    0 VLIANII KOSTNOGO MOZGA NA ZAZHIVLENIE PER-
    ELOMOV.  [EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE MARROW
    INFLUENCE ON KNITTING OF THE PIPE BONE FRAC-
    TURES]  Khirurgiia, Moskva, 1939, 4: 66-69.

1555
  Rohlich, K.   UBER DIE BEIZIEHUNGEN ZWISCHEN
    DER KNOCHENSUBSTANZ UND DER BLUTBILDUNG  IM
    KNOCHENMARK.  Zschr. mikr. anat  Forsch
    1941,  49: 425-464.  14 refs.

1556
  Tischendorf,  W. and Naumann, W.  FUNKTIONELLE
    BEZIEHUNGEN ZWISCHEN KNOCHENMARK UND
    KNOCHEN.  Deut. Arch. klin. Med., 1948,  193-
    533-554.  44 refs.                      ---'

1557
  Zawisch, C.   LES RELATIONS DE L'HEMATO POIESE
    AVEC  LA  RESORPTION DE TISSU OSSEUX.  Gaz.
    med.  port., 1954, 7: 105-112.  20 refs.
89	169	260	346	675
797	1453	1880	2505	2514
2515	2517			
MECHANICAL INFLUENCE
1558
  Abramson, A.  S.  ATROPHY  OF DISUSE.  Arch.
    Phys. M.,  1948,  29:  562-570.   44  refs.  Ab-
    stracted  in: Excerpta med.,  Sect.  5,  1949,
    2:  No.  1950.   "Review in which the conclu-
    sion  is reached  that disuse  atrophy  is  a
    decrease  in size resulting from an inability
    to  develop full  function.  In muscle,  the
    production of  tension by contraction pre-
    vents atrophy.   Contraction  through  a  full
    range and  against a  load is  most  effective
    in  preventing  atrophy.   Denervation  causes
    atrophy only by  producing almost  complete
    disuse.   Neuronal atrophy is avoided when
    the ganglion cell and its axon conduct  im-
    pulses  to  a functioning effector  organ.   In
    bone, atrophy  is avoided by  intermittent
    weight bearing." - Excerpta  med.


1559
  Almi, L.  SUI FATTORI  STRUTTURALI,  CHIMICI  E
    FISICI DELLA RESISTENZA MECCANICA  DELL'OSSO
    UMANO.  Arch. De Vecchi,  1940,  2:  658-678.
    Approx. 40  refs.

1560
  Altmann, K.   EXPERIMENTELLE  UNTERSUCHUNGEN
    UBER MECHANISCHE  URSACHEN  DER  KNOCHEN-
    BILDUNG.  Zschr.  Anat.  Entw.,  1950,  114:
    457-476.  15 refs.   In  white rats  a  small
    bone implant was  made between  the  tightly
    stretched muscles and the  surface  of the
    tibia, thus forming  two wedge-shaped spaces
    which became filled  with spongy bone.  This
    bone formation was considered  the  direct  re-
    sult of local mechanical conditions.

1561
  Altmann, K.   UNTERSUCHUNGEN  UBER  FRAKTURHEILUNG
    UNTER BESONDEREN  EXPERIMENTELLEN BEDINGUNGEN.
    EIN BEITRAG ZUR BIOMECHANIK DER FRAKTURHEIL-
    UNG.  Zschr. Anat. Entw.,  1950, 115:  52-81.
    22 refs.  In rats, the  fibula was  fractured
    in the middle and the site isolated from  sur-
    rounding soft parts  by  encasement  in a piece
    of macerated boiled  rat femur.  Bone con-
    solidation followed,  sometimes with incorpo-
    ration of  the casing.   It  is concluded that,
    while various factors contribute to osteo-
    genesis,  "the basic condition for every bone
    formation  is to be sought  in exactly defina-
    ble  mechanical  causes."
1562
  Amprino, R.  FATTORI CHE REGOLANO  IL RIMANEG-
    GIAMENT0 STRUTTURALE DELLE OSSA.  Arch,  sc.
    biol., Bologna,  1946, 31: 208-224.  29  refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol. ABstr., Bait., 1950,
    24: No. 12665.   Through  the processes of
    erosion and  redeposition bone structure
    varies with  age.  The amount of  erosion  de-
    pends on the organism's  demands  for mineral
    salts, needed during growth or the building
    of new bone  and  the modification of bone
    form.  In the deposition which succeeds
    erosion the  mineral salts ingested with  food
    are also fixed to the organic ground sub-
    stance.  The gross architecture  and minute
    structure of bone are regulated  primarily
    by mechanical factors.   The article contains
    a review of  the  literature.

1563
  Amprino, R.  RECHERCHES ET CONSIDERATIONS  SUR
    LA STRUCTURE DU  CARTILAGE HYALIN.  Acta
    anat., Basel, 1948, 5: 123-146.  25 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1949,
    23: No. 18849.   Critical review  of recent
    research on  the  structure of hyaline car-
    tilage and discussion of the effects on
    cartilage of functional  or mechanical stress.

1564
  Amprino, R.  RELATIONS ENTRE LA STRUCTURE  ET
    LA PHYSIOLOGIE DE L'OS.  Ann. Soc. sc. m€d.
    natur., Brux., 1951, 4: 209-225.  pi.  In
    this study of the relation between bone  form
    and structure and its functions as supporting
    tissue and mineral reservoir, it is suggested
    that structural  modifications are related
    in part to the body's need of minerals for
    various functions and in part to mechanical
    stresses exerted externally and internally
    upon bone.

1565
  Amprino, R.  VALORE FUNZIONALE DELL'ARCHIT-
    TURA E DELLA STRUTTURA DELLE OSSA LUNGHE
    DELL'UOMO.   Gior. Accad. med. Torino,
    1938, 101: 283-306.

1566
  Amprino, R. and Bairati, A.  CONTRIBUTO ALLO
    STUDIO DEL VALORE FUNZIONALE DELLA STRUT-
    TURA DELLA SOSTANZA COMPATTA DELLE OSSA.
    Chir. org. movim., 1935-1936, 20: 527-541.
    23 refs.

1567
  Amprino, R. and Cattaneo, R.  IL SUBSTRATO
    ISTOLOGICO DELLE VARIE MODALITA DI INSER-
    ZIONI TENDINEE ALLE OSSA NELL'UOMO.  RI-
    CERCHE SU INDIVIDUI DI VARIA ETA.  Zschr.
    Anat. Entw., 1937, 107: 680-705.  13
    refs.

1568
 ♦Anseroff,  N.  [J.]   ARCHITEKTONIK DER LANGEN
    KNOCHEN IN VERBINDUNG MIT ALTER UND KONSTI-
    TUTION.  Zschr.  menschl.  Vererb., 1933-1934,
    18: 40-51.   14 refs.

1569
  Appleton,  A. B.  POSTURAL DEFORMITIES AND
    BONE GROWTH.  Lancet, Lond., 1934, 1:  451-
    454.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1935, 9:  No. 16923.

1570
  Arandes,  R.  and Viladot,  A.  BIOMECANICA DEL
    CALCANEO.   Med.  clin.,  Barcel., 1953,  21:
    25-34.   22 refs.  Abstracted in:  Excerpta
    med., Sect.   9,  1954, 8:  No.  4070.

1571
  Bandini, T.  RICERCHE  SPERIMENTALI  SULLA  IN-
    FLUENZA DEL  CARICO FUNZIONALE  SULLO SPES-
    SORE  DELLE CARTILAGINI  DI CONIUGAZIONE  NEL
    BAMBINO.   Accad.  med.,  Tor.,  1952,  67j  458-
    477.   19  refs. 
MECHANICAL INFLUENCE (Continued)
88
1572
  Baud,  C. A.  LA STRUCTURE FONCTIONNELLE DE
    L'OS ET DU CARTILAGE.  Praxis,  Bern,  1953,
    42:  241-244.  28 refs.   Abstracted in:
    Excerpta med., Sect. 2, 1953,  6:  No.  5946.

1573
  Biebl, M.  DIE STETS TYPISCHE CALLUSBILDUNG
    BEI  DER IDEALGESTELLTEN, DRAHTGENAHTEN
    OBERSCHENKELSCHAFTFRAKTUR UND  DAS DARAUS
    SICH ABLEITENDE ALLGEMEINE GESETZ VON DER
    FORDERNDEN BZW. HEMMENDEN WIRKUNG VON
    DRUCK-BZW. ZUGSPANNUNGEN AUF DIE  CALLUS-
    BILDUNG UBERHAUPT.  Arch. klin. Chir.,
    1939, 194: 171-227.

1574
  Bisotti, P. L.  CONTRIBUTO ALLO STUDIO DEL
    VALORE DELLA CONTRAZIONE MUSCOLARE NELLA
    GUARIGIONE DELLE FRATTURE.  Riv.  pat. clin.,
    Parma, 1949, 4: 335-345.  Abstracted in:
    Excerpta med., Sect. 5, 1950,  3:  No.  3374.
Casacci, A.  CONTRIBUTO ALLO STUDIO DELL^AZIONE
  DEL CARICO SULLO SVILUPPO DELLA CARTILAGINE
  ARTICOLARE UMANA.  Arch, ortop., Milano, i»o^,
  65: 8-15.  21 refs.
1585
  Ceci, C
       O.  BIOMECANICA OSEA.  Arch, argent,
kihes., 1949, 2: 35-39.  7 refs.  From a
review of pertTnent literature it is con-
cluded that the morphological and struc-
tural development of bone is in great part
the result of pressure and traction.  Trac-
tion is resisted by the collagen fibrils
and pressure by the calcified ground sub-
stance .
1586
Cordier, G.  ARCHITECTURE DE L'EXTREMITE
  INFERIEURE DU FEMUR ET DE L'EXTREMITE
  SUPERIEURE DU TIBIA (ESSAI D'EXPLICATION
  STRATIGRAPHIQUE).   Ann. anat.  path.,  Par.,
  1939, 16: 1, 165.
1575
  Block, W.  DIE BEDEUTUNG MECHANISCHER FAKTOREN
    BEI DER KNOCHENBRUCHHEILUNG.   Arch. klin.
    Chir., 1939, 196:  557-566.

1576
  Bogdaschew, N.  DER ZUSAMMENHANG DER ANATOMI-
    SCHEN FORMEN DER METACARPAL-  UND METATAR-
    SALKNOCHEN DER HAUSTIERE MIT  DEM HISTOLOGI-
    SCHEN BAU UND DEN CHEMISCH-PHYSIKALISCHEN
    EIGENSCHAFTEN DERSELBEN.  Anat. Anz.,  1930,
    70: 143-154.  15 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1932,  6: No. 23325.

1577
  Bogdaschew, N.  FUNKTIONELLE UNTERSCHEID-
    UNGSMERKMALE IM ANATOMISCH-HISTOLOGISCHEN
    BAU DER ROHRENKNOCHEN BEI DEN HAUSTIEREN.
    Anat. Anz., 1935,  79: 242-258.  13 refs.
    Abstracted in:  BioTT Abstr.,  Bait., 1936,
    10: No. 1845.

1578
  Bressou, C. and Vladutiu, 0.  SUR LA MfiCANO-
    GENfiSE DU CARTILAGE ARTICULAIRE FfiMORO-
    ROTULIEN.  Bull. Acad. vet. France, 1948,
    21: 261-267.  2 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Excerpta med.,  Sect. 1, 1949, 3:  No.  776.
1587
  Cretin, A.   L'OSSIFICATION ET LA REPARATION
    DES OS FRACTURES.  Afrique fr. chir., 1949,
    Nos. 3-4,  49-51.  Abstracted in: Excerpta
    med., Sect.  5, 1950,  3:  No. 3708.

1588
  CrStin, A.   L'OSTEOGENESE  REPARATRICE.
    Languedoc  mSd.,  1948,  31:  55-77.

1589
  Crgtin, A.   REFLEXIONS SUR L'HISTOGEnESE DU
    TISSU OSSEUX A LA LUMlERE DE L'ETUDE DES
    RETARDS DE CONSOLIDATION.  Presse mSd.,
    1940, 48:  996-999.

1590
  CrStin, A.  LE TRINOME OS-MUSCLE-PEAU.
    Praxis, Bern, 1951, 40:  862-864.

1591
  Dal Zotto,  E.   ARCHITETTURA DELLA SPUGNOSA
    DEL TARSO UMANO IN CONDIZIONI MORFO-FUNZIO-
    NALI ABNORMI.  Boll. Soc. ital. biol. sper.,
    1947, 23:  913-915.  Abstracted in: Excerpta
    med., Beet.  1, 1949, 3:  No. 919.
1579
  Bruno, G.  LO SPERONE FEMORALE;  SVILUPPO,
    COSTITUZIONE E SIGNIFICATO MECCANICO.
    Monit. zool. ital., 1933, 44:  Suppl.,
    328-330.  5 refs.

1580
  Bruno, G.  STRUTTURA E FUNZIONE  DELLE OSSA
    DELLA GAMBA: LA TIBIA E LA FIBULA.  Chir,
    org. movim., 1946, 30: 298-301.  7 refs.
1581
 ♦Bruno, G.  STRUTTURA E RESISTENZA DELLE OSSA,
    Chir. org. movim., 1942-1943, 28: 430-433.

1582
 *Bruno, G.  SULLA ARCHITETTURA, SULLA STRUT-
    TURA E SULLA FUNZIONE DELLE OSSA.  Chir.
    org. movim., 1942-1943, 28: 427-429.
1583
  BU^tner, A
          and Rfihbein, F... EXPERIMENTELLE
UBERLASTUNGSSCHADEN DES ROHRENKNOCHENS.
Arch. klin. Chir., 1949, 263: 331-350.  28
refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect.
5, 1951, 4: No. 2632.  The tibiae of
anesthetized dogs were subjected to re-
peated rhythmic bending and the effects of
the pressure and traction stresses on the
bone were studied radiologically and histo-
logically.
1592
  Danilova, E. I. and Sviridov, A.  I.   ROST I
    OKOSTENENIE SKELETA KONECHNOSTEI V  USLOVIAKH
    EKSPERIMENTAL'NO IZMENENNOI NAGRUZKI.
    [GROWTH AND OSSIFICATION OF THE SKELETON OF
    EXTREMITIES UNDER EXPERIMENTALLY VARIED LOAD]
    Zool. zh., Moskva, 1953, 32:  780-786.


1593
  Davenport, C. B.  RESPONSIVE BONE.  Proc.  Am.
    Philos. Soc., 1941, 84: 65-70.   4 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. ABstr., Bait., 1941,  15:
    No. 14677.  A study was made  by x-rays  of"
    the heel bone of a normal walking person;
    of a 20-year-old girl, who had  not  walked
    from birth; and of a girl of  20 years,  who
    had walked until 10 years of  age.   It was
    concluded that the bone-forming cells re-
    spond to directive thrusts and  pulls made
    upon normally functioning bones by  forming
    trabeculae in adaptative positions.


1594
  Debrunner,  H.   FORM UND  FUNKTION IM KNOCHFN
    GEWEBE.   Med.  Welt., 1936,  10: 363-366   4
    refs .


1595
  Debrunner,  [H.]   VOM LEBEN DES  KNOCHENS.  Verh
    Deut.  orthop.  Ges., Q.935)  1936,  30.Kongr
    40-69.   60 refs. 
89
MECHANICAL INFLUENCE  (Continued)
1596
  Desplas, R. and Bernard.  CONTRIBUTION A
    L'ETUDE DE LA MALADIE DES VIBRATIONS
    (EXAMEN RADIOGRAPHIQUE DE 100 OUVRIERS
    UTILISANT LES OUTILS PNEUMATIQUES DANS LES
    TRAVAUX PUBLICS).  Med. usine, 1949, 11:
    415-417.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 9, 1951, 5: No. 2464.  "Vacuolar
    lesions of the carpal bones were found in
    40% of cases.  Exostosis, epiphyseal de-
    calcification, deformity of the elbow-
    joint and the scaphoid bones were less
    frequently observed.  Clinical symptoms
    were often absent." - Excerpta med.

1597
 *[Dolgo-Saburov, B. A.]  ROL' MYSHTS V MORFO-
    GENII SKELETA.   (SOOBSHCHENIE  1-E).  [THE
    ROLE  OF  THE  MUSCLES  IN  THE MORPHOGENY  OF
    THE SKELETON.   (1ST COMMUNICATION).]   Bull.
    Inst, sc Lesshaft,  1930, 16:  123-159.  Ger-
    man summary.  Abstracted  in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait.,  1932,  6: No.  11308.

1598
  Dolgo-Saburov,  B.  [A.]  UBER EINIGE EIGENTUM-
    LICH  KEITEN  DER KNOCHENSTRUKTUR AN DEN
    ANHEFTUNGSSTELLEN DER SHENEN.  Gegenbaurs
    morph.  Jahrb.,  1935,  75:  393-411.  Literatur-
    verzeichnis:  p. 410-4TT.

1599
  Dovgiallo, N.  D.  DETERMINANTY FORMY NEK0T0RYKH
    KOSTEI  SKELETA  CHELOVEKA.   [DETERMINANTS OF
    FORM  IN SOME BONES OF THE HUMAN SKELETON]
    Arch. russ.  anat., 1940,  24: 38-53.  German
    summary, p.  125.

1600
  Dovgiallo, N.  D.  DIE  STRUKTUR DER C0MPACTA
    DES UNTERKIEFERS BEI  NORMALEM  UND REDUZIER-
    TEM ALVEOLARFORTSATZ.   Zschr.  Anat. Entw.,
    1932, 97: 55-67.   7  refs.  Abstracted  in:
    Biol. ABstr., Bait.,  1933, 7:  No.  22219.
    This  study showed  that:  "The structure of
    the compacta of the mandible  is  to  be  re-
    garded  as purely functional,  the haversian
    columns  lying along  the lines  of force and
    thereby producing  optimal resistance of  the
    bone.   In each  new field of  force,  the
    structure of the bone is  altered to follow
    the principle of maximal  resistance."

1601
  Egger,  K.  BEITRAG ZUR  KENNTNIS  DER  MECHANI-
    SCHEN BEDINGUNGEN  FUR DIE KNOCHENBRUCH-
    HEILUNG.  Schweiz. med.  Wschr.,  1939,  69:
    298-300.

1602                                   J „
  Eeeers, G. W.  N., Shindler, T. 0. and Pomerat,
    C M.   THE  INFLUENCE  OF THE CONTACT-COMPRES-
    SION  FACTOR  ON  OSTEOGENESIS  IN SURGICAL
    FRACTURES.   J.  Bone  Surg., 1949, 31A:  693-
    716    12 refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta
    med.', Sect.  9,  1950,  4:  No. 3905; Biol.
    Abstr.,  Bait.,  1950,  "24:  No.  12668.
1603
Eggers-Lura, H.  TISSUE REACTIONS OF BONE
  UPON MECHANICAL STRESSES.  Am. J. Ortho-
  dont., 1952, 38: 453-459.  12 refs.  Forces
  within the limits of tolerance will stimu-
  late bone if they are applied as intensi-
  fied normal forces.  If pressure is applied
  to a region of bone which is normally under
  tension, bone resorption will follow.  In-
  crease of pressure or tension beyond the
  limits of tolerance leads to resorption of
  bone.
1604
Ekholm, R. and Ingelmark, B. E.  FUNCTIONAL
  THICKNESS VARIATIONS OF HUMAN ARTICULAR
  CARTILAGE.  Acta Soc. med. upsal.,  1952,
  57: 39-59.  11 refs.  Abstracted  in: Ex-
  cerpta med., Sect. 1, 1954, 8: No.  682.
1605
  Ekholm,  R.  and Norbttck,  B.   ON THE RELATION-
    SHIP BETWEEN ARTICULAR CHANGES  AND FUNCTION.
    Acta orthop. scand.,  1951,  21:  81-98.   36
    refs.

1606
  Elftman, H.  SKELETAL AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS:
    STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION.  IN:  MEDICAL PHYSICS
    (Glasser, 0., ed.)  1944,  p.  1420-1430. 31
    refs.

1607
  Erdheim, J.  UBER DIE UNEBENEN VERBINDUNGS-
    FLXCHEN DER HARTGEWEBE. Wien.  med.  Wschr.,
    1934, 84: 380-382.  2 refs.

1608
  Estel, L. and Asling, C. W.   AN EXPERIMENTAL
    APPROACH TO THE MECHANICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF
    BONE FORM.  Am. J. Phys. Anthrop., 1948, 6:
    413-421.  3 refs.   The mechanical signifi-
    cance of muscle attachments on  skeletal
    features is demonstrated by flexion and
    supination tests of the bones of the fore-
    arm.

1609
  Evans, F. G.  THE BIOMECHANICS OF THE FEMUR.
    Anat. Rec, 1949,  103: 446-447.  An abstract.
    "The mechanical properties of the femur and
    the effect of loading in different ways are
    discussed."

1610
  Evans, F. G.  METHODS OF STUDYING THE BIO-
    MECHANICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF BONE FORM.
    Am. J. Phys. Anthrop., 1953,  11: 413-435.
    Abstracted in: Excerpta med. ."Sect.  1,
    1954, 8: No. 863;  Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1954, *28: No. 10957.  A review  of the
    literature on methods and  the data ob-
    tained through their use.

1611
  Evans, F. G.  STRESS AND STRAIN IN THE LONG
    BONES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY.  Instruct.
    Course Lect. Am. Acad. Orthop.  Surgeons,
    1952, 9: 264-271.   16 refs.  Contents:
    General principles of stress and strain. -
    Behavior of the femur under various con-
    ditions of loading. - Experimentally pro-
    duced  fractures of the femur.  - The
    tensile strength of compact bone of the
    femur.
1612
  Evans, F. G., Lissner, H. R. and Pedersen,
    H. E.  DEFORMATION STUDIES OF THE FEMUR
    UNDER DYNAMIC VERTICAL LOADING.  Anat.
    Rec, 1948, 101: 225-241.  5 pi.  8 refs.
    Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 1.,
    1949, 3: No. 650.  Stresscoat tests dem-
    onstrated that a small load of 15.8 inch
    pounds of energy dynamically applied pro-
    duced stress patterns similar to a load of
    400 to 715 pounds statically applied.

1613
  Falk, G.  DIE CALLUSBILDUNG UND IHRE MECHANIS-
    CHEN VORAUSSETZUNGEN.  Arch, orthop. Unfall-
    chir., 1951, 44: 619-624.  A discussion of
    the role of mechanical stimulation in frac-
    ture repair.  Pertinent theories are re-
    viewed .
Fehre.  UBER GEHAUFTES AUFTRETEN SOG.  L00SER-
  SCHER UMBAUZONEN.  Zbl.  Chir., 1949, 74:
  1269-1270.  A comparison of localization
  zones observed in nutritional deficiency
  osteopathy and those reported in the lit-
  erature in mechanical overloading injury
  show a marked similarity in the scapula
  and the pelvis, in the parasymphyseal and
  sacroiliac regions. 
MECHANICAL INFLUENCE  (Continued)
1615
 ' Fick, H.  DIE BEDEUTUNG DES EPIPHYSENKNORPELS
    FUR DIE ENTWICKLUNG DER SPONGIOSAARCHITEKTUR
    IN PROXIMALEN FEMURENDE.  Gegenbaurs morph.
    Jahrb., 1940, 85: 115-134.  Bibliography: p.
    131-134.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1947, 21: No. 25134.  The arrangement of the
    spongiosa lamellae in the proximal end of
    the femur is studied in relation to the
    epiphyseal cartilage and to the lines of
    stress.  Variations with age are noted.

1616
  Follis, R. H., Jr.  EFFECT OF MECHANICAL FORCE
    ON THE SKELETAL LESIONS OF ACUTE SCURVY IN
    GUINEA PIGS.  Arch. Path., Chic, 1943, 35:
    579-582.  5 refs.  "In scorbutic guinea pTgs
    a comparison was made between the hind legs,
    one of which had been immobilized by a plas-
    ter cast.  At the cartilage shaft junction
    of this extremity there was a broad zone of
    calcified matrix material without bone or
    osteoid.  No fractures or hemorrhages were
    seen.  The marrow cells were found between
    the spaces of the matrical material.  Thus,
    when  stresses and strains were eliminated,
    the classic picture of scurvy with "Trum-
    merfeldzone" and "GerUstmark" failed to
    appear."

 1617
  Freeman, L. W.  THE METABOLISM OF CALCIUM IN
    PATIENTS WITH SPINAL CORD INJURIES.  Ann.
    Surg., 1949, 129: 177-184.  32 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: C*nem. Abstr., 1953, 47: 7087e.
    "Data on the Ca metabolism of over 700
    paraplegic patients were analyzed.  During
    recumbency, the urinary Ca was usually
    high, although the blood Ca was normal.
    About 23-25% of the patients developed
    urinary tract calculi.  There was usually a
    decalcification of the long bones resulting
    not only from recumbency but from an ab-
    sence of weight-bearing on the legs."
    - Chem. Abstr.

 1618
  Freund, E.  JOINT CARTILAGE UNDER INFRA-
    PHYSIOLOGIC, ULTRAPHYSIOLOGIC AND EUPHYSI-
    OLOGIC DEMANDS.  Arch. Surg., 1939, 39:
    596-623.

 1619
  Friedenberg, Z. B. and French, G.  THE EFFECTS
    OF KNOWN COMPRESSION FORCES ON FRACTURE
    HEALING.  Surg. Gyn. Obst., 1952, 94: 743-
    748.  7 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1952, 26: No. 28346.  "Experimental
    fractures of TEe ulna in dogs in which a
    compressing force of 12 to 18 pounds was
    applied across the fracture showed more
    rapid union than those with greater or
    lesser pressures.   ...  Whether or not pres-
    sure  induces a specific osteogenetic re-
    sponse in healing bone tissue cannot be
    answered."


 16^elbke, H.  THE INFLUENCE OF PRESSURE AND TEN-
    SION  ON GROWING BONE IN EXPERIMENTS WITH
    ANIMALS.  J. Bone Surg., 1951, 33A:947-954.
    27 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1952, 26: No. 15264.

 1621
  Gelbke, H.  TIEREXPERIMENTELLE UNTERSUCHUNGEN
    ZUR FRAGE DER KNOCHENBILDUNG.  Arch. klin.
    Chir  , 1950, 264: 518-521.  Abstracted in:
    Excerpta med.7~3ect. 9, 1951, 5: No. 2450.


 1622
 *Girdlestone, G. R.  THE RESPONSE OF BONE TO
    STRESS.  Proc R. Soc. M., Lond., 1932, 26:
    pt. 1, 55-70.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1935, 9: No. 19832.
1623                                      „ .„ .
  Gleg*  R  E  and Leblond, C. P.  PRESSURE AS A
    POSSIBLE CAUSE OF DISSOLUTION AND REDEPOSI-
    TION OF BONE AND TOOTH CRYSTALS.  Canad  J.
    M. Sc., 1953, 31: 202-206.  27 refs    An
    hypothesis base**! on the physicochemical fact
    that pressure increases the solubility of
    crystals is presented to explain pressure-
    induced bone resorption.  This hypothesis
    staisfactorily accounts for otherwise inex-
    plicable results obtained in recent in-
    vestigations on the distribution and turn-
    over of radiophosphate in bone and tooth.

1624
  GlUcksmann, A.  THE ROLE OF MECHANICAL
    STRESSES IN BONE FORMATION IN VITRO.  J.
    Anat., Lond., 1942, 76: 231-239.  2 pi.  9
    refs.   "Pressure and-tension stresses ex-
    erted on cartilage in vitro cause the re-
    orientation of the cartilage cells and lead
    to the disintegration of the hyaline ground
    substance and its replacement by a fibrillar
    system.  Tension stresses promote bone for-
    mation in osteogenic tissue in vitro and
    determine the pattern of osseous archi-
    tecture.  Skeletal tissue cultivated in
    vitro responds directly to mechanical
    stresses."

1625
  GlUcksmann, A.  STUDIES ON BONE MECHANICS IN
    VITRO.  I. INFLUENCE OF PRESSURE ON ORIENTA-
    TION OF STRUCTURE.  Anat. Rec, 1938, 72:
    97-113.  3 pi.  3 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1938, 12: No. 15460.
    "Orientated structures were produced in un-
    orientated bone tissue in vitro, by sub-
    jecting endosteal cultures to suitable pres-
    sure.  The type of structure produced... de-
    pended on the degree of calcification of the
    tissue at the time when the pressure was
    applied."

1626
 ♦Gottlieb, B. and Orban, B.  DIE VERANDERUNGEN
    DER GEWEBE, BEI UBERMASSIGER BEANSPRUCHUNG
    DER ZAHNE.  225p.  Leipzig, Georg Thieme,
    1931.   Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait ,
    1934,  8: No.8608.

1627
  Graumann, W.  TOPOGENESE DER BINDEGEWEBS-
    KNOCHEN.  UNTERSUCHUNGEN AN SCHADELKNOCHEN
    MENSCHLICHER EMBRYONEN.  Zschr. Anat. Entw.,
    1951, 116: 14-26.  20 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Excerpta med., Sect. 1, 1952, 6: No. 2019.

1628
  Gubanov, A. G.  VOZRASTNYE IZMENENIIA STRUKTURY
    KOSTEI V MESTAKH PRIKREPLENIIA MYSHTS I
    SVIAZOK; PREDVARITEL'NOE SOOBSHCHENIE   [AGE
    CHANGES OF BONE STRUCTURE AT THE SITE OF THE
    ATTACHMENT OF MUSCLES AND TENDONS- PRELIMI-
    NARY REPORT]  Tr. Saratov gosud. med. inst
    1938,  2: 153-167.
1629

  ^^^116 DIE fSBSE?^
    KNOCHENS IN NORMALEN UND IM ZUSTAND MR
    BRUCHHEILUNG.  II. DIE FESTIGKEIT DES
    HEILENDEN KNOCHENBRUCHES IN BEZIFHTTvr ™
    WASSER- UND KALKT.EHALT UND DE  SKnBILD
    Deut. Zschr. Chir., 1936, 246: 760^?f"?'
    ref.  In dogs the resistan*5I"of » hi 7 •
    fracture to mechanical force if «t£h? in?
    relation to its water anS caicLm r« ^ i**
    and to its radiograph.    Calcium content
1630

  "SlJ' F?iNE5EN^F^Bf?^SNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER
    DIE FEINEREN GEWEBLICHEN VORGAnGE BEI nrS
    KNOCHENTRANSFORMATION.  Munch, med  Js^hr
    1938, 85: 1849-1851.  5 refs        wscbr.,
1631
  Haupl,  [K.]  KNOCHENTRANSFORMATION   Med  Klin
    Berl., 1942, 38: 383.                      n' 
91
MECHANICAL INFLUENCE  (Continued)
1632
  HSupl, K.  UBER DIE GESETZMASSIGKEITEN, WELCHE
    DIE GEWEBLICHEN VERANDERUNGEN BEI DER KNOCHEN-
    TRANSFORMATION BEHERRSCHEN.  Zschr  Anat
    Entw., 1942-1943, 112: 41-104.  25 refs.

1633
  HSupl, K.  UBER DIE GEWEBLICHEN VERANDERUNGEN
    BEI DER KNOCHENTRANSFORMATION.  Bull.
    Schweiz. Akad. med. Wiss.,  1950, 6: 343-
    358.                             -

1634
  Haupl, K.  WELCHE GESETZMASSIGKEITEN BEHERR-
    SCHEN DIE GEWEBLICHEN VERANDERUNGEN BEI DER
    KNOCHENTRANSFORMATION?   Wien. klin. Wschr  ,
    1941,  54: 853-862.

1635
 ♦Hartingsvelt, H. van.   DE VORMVERANDERINGEN
    VAN HET BOT ALS GEVOLG VAN  MECHANISCHE
    KRACHTWEKINGEN.  Tschr.  tandheelk., 1950,
    57: 439-471.

1636
  Hayes, J. F.  DYNAMIC CROSS-BENDING  STUDIES ON
    THE FEMUR.  Anat. Rec,  1949, 103: 467.  An
    abstract.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,
    Sect.  1, 1949, 3: No.  1426.

1637
  Henckel, K. O.  UBER DIE FUNKTIONELLE STRUKTUR
    DES HYALINKNORPELS.   Naturwissenschaften,
    1932,  20: 557-560.  5 refs.
1644
Knese, K.-H.  KINEMATIK DES KNIEGELENKES.
  GELENKSTUDIEN III.  Zschr. Anat. Entw.,
  1950, 115: 287-322.  Literatur: p. 322.
1645
  Koltze,  H.   STUDIE ZUR AUSZEREN FORM DER
    OSTEONE.   Zschr. Anat.  Entw.,  1951, 115:
    584-596.   15 refs.   "Parts of a 4.6 mm.
    long chip taken from the middle phalanx
    of the index of an  adult were reconstructed
    according to the wax plate procedure.  Be-
    sides the known longitudinal structure of
    the osteons there were  frequent cross  con-
    nections  with all the transitions from nar-
    row Volkmann canals to  500-800 p . long
    fusions.   The daughter  osteons, formed by
    branching, were in  particular intercon-
    nected to a very great  extent.  The fre-
    quency of the places of connection varied
    with the  location examined.   The  layers
    near the  endosteum  had  an exceedingly  great
    number of circular  connections.  It is not
    possible  to assign  a functional classifica-
    tion of this network of osteons,  though it
    is supposed to be of mechanical importance.

1646
  Krahl, V. E.  THE TORSION OF THE HUMERUS: ITS
    LOCALIZATION, CAUSE AND DURATION IN MAN.
    Am. J. Anat., 1947, 80: 275-319.   78 refs.
    Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,  Sect. 1, 1948,
    2: No. 1293.
1638
  Henckel,  K. O.  VERGLEICHEND-ANATOMISCHE
    UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER DIE STRUKTUR DER KNOCHEN-
    KOMPAKTA NACH DER SPALTLINIENMETHODE.
    Gegenbaurs morph. Jahrb., 1931, (Teil  1) 66:
    22-45.   9 refs.  Comparative studies of fis-
    sure lines in the bones of man, the chim-
    panzee  and the arboreal cercopithecus  leads
    to the  conslusion that there is a close re-
    lationship between bone structure and  spe-
    cific functional stresses.

1639
  Hrdlicka, A.  CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF
    THE FEMUR; THE CRISTA ASPERA AND THE
    PILASTER.  Am. J. Phys. Anthrop., 1934, 19:
    17-37.   2 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1936, 10: No. 1923.
1647
  Krompecher,  I.  and Nebel,  L.   QUALITATIVE
    GESTALTUNG VON IN ENTWICKLUNG  BEGRIFFENEN
    SKELETTEILEN UNTER EINWIRKUNG  DER UMWELT.
    Acta morph. hung., 1951,  1:  55-66.   15
    refs.  Abstracted in: BulT.  Anal. CNRS,
    1952, 13:  pt. 2, No.  108575.   "The
    morphological development of the  humerus
    is the result of forces  acting on it in
    the course of embryonic  and  post-embryonic
    life." - Bull. Anal.

1648
  Krompecher,  S.   EXPERIMENTELLE BEEINFLUSSUNG
    DER ART DER REGENERATIVEN KNOCHENBILDUNG
    DURCH MECHANISCHE EINWIRKUNG.   Anat.  Anz.,
    1936, 81:  138-148.
1640
  Ingelmark, B. E. and Ekholm, R.  A  STUDY ON
    VARIATIONS  IN THE THICKNESS  OF ARTICULAR
    CARTILAGE IN ASSOCIATION WITH REST AND
    PERIODICAL  LOAD.  AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTI-
    GATION ON RABBITS.  Upsala lak. fbren.
    f8rh., 1948, 53: 61-74.  4 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Excerpta med.,  Sect. 1, 1949,
    3: No. 1171; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1950,
    24: No. 1866.

1641
  Klaauw, C. J. van der.  SIZE AND POSITION OF
    THE FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS OF THE  SKULL.  A
    CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF  THE ARCHI-
    TECTURE OF  THE SKULL, BASED  ON DATA IN THE
    LITERATURE.  Arch, neerl. zool.,  1952, 9:
    369-560.  Bibliography: p. 551-556.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1953, 25:
    No. 1104.

1642
  Knese,  K.-H.  DIE BEWEGUNGEN AUF EINER
    FUHRUNGSFLACHE ALS GRUNDLAGE DER GELENK-
    BEWEGUNGEN,  DARGESTELLT AM SCHULTERGELENK.
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    115:  115-161.  Literatur: p. 160-161.


16Knese,  K.-H.  KINEMATIK DER GLIEDBEWEGUNGEN,
    DARGESTELLT AM HUFT- UND ELLENBOGENGELENK.
    GELENKSTUDIEN II.  Zschr. Anat. Entw., 1950,
    115:  162-223.  Literatur: p. 222-223.
1649
  KUntscher,  G.   DIE BEDEUTUNG DER DARSTELLUNG
    DES KRAFTFLUSSES IM KNOCHEN FUR DIE
    CHIRURGIE.   Arch. klin.  Chir.,  1935,  182:
    489-551.  Bibliography:  p.  550-551.
1650
  Kuntscher, G.  DIE DARSTELLUNG DES KRAFT-
    FLUSSES IM KNOCHEN.  Zbl.  Chir., 1934,  61:
    2130-2136.
1651
  KUntscher, G.  UBER DEN NACHWEIS VON SPAN-
    NUNGSSPETZEN AM MENSCHLICHEN KNOCHENGERUST.
    Gegenbaurs Morph. Jahrb.,  1935, 75:  427-
    444.  Literatur: p. 442-444.

1652
  Landoff, G. A.  ETT EXPERIMENTELLT BIDRAG TILL
    LOSNING AV PROBLEMET OM SAMBANDET MELLAN
    INAKTIVITET OK "AKUT BENATROFI."  PREMILINAR1
    MEDDELANDE NR 2.  Nord. med., 1941,  12: 3666-
    3668.

1653
  Langmaack, B.  DIE POSTMORTALS BEEINFLUSSUNG
    DES WASSERGEHALTES BEIM KNIEGELENKKNORPEL.
    EIN EXPERIMENTELLER BEITRAG ZUM PROBLEM DER
    ARTHROSIS DEFORMANS.  Arch. klin. Chir.,
    1952, 271:  496-510.  Abstracted in: Excerpta
    med., Sect. 5,  1953, 6: No. 2324. 
92
MECHANICAL INFLUENCE (Continued)
1654
  Larsell, 0.  THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCAPULA
    FOLLOWING INTRA-UTERINE FORE LIMB AMPUTA-
    TION IN THE RAT.  Anat. Rec, 1933, 56: 57-
    68. 2 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1935, 9: No. 3860.  This study de-
    scribes both grossly and microscopically
    the effects of different degrees of muscu-
    lar pull on the scapula during the later
    part qf foetal life.  The variations of mus-
    cular activity were produced by amputations
    of the fore limb in rat foetuses.  The
    scapula of the other fore limb served as a
    control.

1655
  Latinikowna, A.  0 BUDOWIE SUBSTANCJI
    GABCZASTEJ KOSCI. - UBER DIE ARCHITEKTUR
    DER KNOCHENSPONGIOSA.  Bull, internat.
    Acad, polon. sc CI. med., (1932) 1933,
    p. 63-75.  pi.  10 refs.

1656
  Laux, G.  LES ACTIONS DYNAMIQUES DES MUSCLES
    ET DES LIGAMENTS SUR L'ARCHITECTURE DES OS.
    Ann. anat. path.,  Par., 1930, 7: 401-413.

1657
  Levi, G. M.  NE0F0RMAZI0NE SPERIMENTALE DI
    CARTILAGINE SECONDARIA NELLA CAVIA E NEL
    PULCIN0.  Boll. Soc. ital. biol. sper.,
    1930, 5: 117-119.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr.7 Bait., 1932, 6: No. 2199.

1658
  Lucinescu, E.  FUNKTIONELLE STRUKTUREN
    EXPERIMENTELLER HERKUNFT.  Gegenbaurs
    morph. Jahrb., 1936, 78: 234-252.  14 refs.

1659
  Maatz, R.  DIE REACTION DES KNOCHENS AUF
    FEDERDRUCK.  Arch, orthop. Unfallchir.,
    1951, 44: 529-539.  9 refs.

1660
  Maatz,  R.   DIE WUNDMECHANIK IN DER FEDER-
    OSTEOSYNTHESE.  Zschr.  Orthop., 1951,  80:
    643-656.  24 refs.  Next  to  the activating
    substance occurring in  fracture haematomas,
    mechanico-functional  stress  plays the most
    significant  role  in the formation of cal-
    lus.  A  study  of  150  cases in which a  spring
    osteosynthesis  was carried out confirms this
   • theory.

1661
 *MacConaill, M. A.  THE MOVEMENTS OF BONES AND
    JOINTS.  II. FUNCTION OF THE MUSCULATURE.
    J. Bone Surg., 1949, 31B: 100-104.
1662
  Machado de Sousa,  0.   L'ARCHITECTURE DE LA
    SUBSTANCE OSSEUSE COMPACTE DE LA MANDIBULE
    CHEZ L'HOMME ET LES EdENTES.   Rass. biol.
    umana, 1947, 2:  23-28.   5 refs.   Abstracted
    in: Excerpta med.,  Sect.  1, 1948, 2:  No.
    514.
1663
  McMaster, P. E.  BONE ATROPHY AND ABSORPTION.
    EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS.  J.  Bone Surg.,
    1937, 19: 74-83. 21 refs.


1664
  Maj, G.  SINGOLARE STRUTTURA DEL TESSUTO OSSEO
    IN "GALLUS GALLUS" ADULTO E VECCHIO.  Monit.
    zool. ital., 1938, 48: Suppl.,  140-147.  4
    refs.  The structure of the compact diaphy-
    sis of the bones of the upper and lower ex-
    tremities of a 9 jear old hen were examined
    histologically and compared with those of
    chickens of various ages.  From modifica-
    tions observed it was concluded that varia-
    tions in bone tissue occur in response to
    mechanical and functional provocation.
1665
  Maj, G. and Toaiari, E.  OSSERVAZIONI SPERI-
    MENTALI SUL MECCANISMO DI RESISTENZA DEL
    TESSUTO OSSEO LAMELLARE COMPATTO ALLE
    AZIONI MECCANICHE.  Chir . org. movim . ,
    1937, 22: 541-557.  17 refs.

1666
  Martfn Lagos, F.. Zarapico, M. and Gomez, J.
    INFLUENCIA DE LAS ACCIONES MECANICAS DIVER-
    SAS SOBRE LA FORMACION DEL CALLO DE FRAC-
    TURA.  Arch. med. exp.,  Madr., 1949, 12:
    123-142.  8 pi.  Abstracted in: Excerpta
    med., Sect. 5, 1950, 3:  No. 2329.

1667
 ♦Matzen, P. F.  VOM EINFLUSS MECHANISCHER
    EINWIRKUNGEN AUF DIE KALLUSBILDUNG.  Beit.
    klin. Chir., 1952,  184:  147-179.  Ab-
    stracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 9, 1952,
    6: No. 8883.

1668
  Mechanik, N.  INDICES CAVI MEDULLARIS ET COM-
    PACTAE FEMORIS.  Zschr.  Anat. Entw., 1928,
    86: 188-203.  4 refs.

1669
  Mechanik, N.  UNTERSUCHUNG DER MARKHOHLE UND
    DER KOMPAKTEN SCHICHT DES OBERARMBEINES DES
    MENSCHEN UND DER HAUSTIERE.  Zschr. anat.
    Entw., 1929, 89:  513-531.  Literaturverzeich-
    nis: p. 530-53T.

1670
  Mechanik,  N.   DIE VERTEILUNG DES KOMPAKTEN
    KNOCHENGEWEBES UND DIE DIMENSIONEN DER
    MARKHOHLE DER TIBIA DES MENSCHEN UND DER
    HAUSTIERE.   Zschr. ges. Anat., 1. Abt.,
    1930,  93: 198-222.  14 refs.  Abstracted
    in: BioT. Abstr., Bait., 1933, 7: No. 22220.


1671
  Morin, F.   SULL'ARCHITETTURA DELLA CARTILA-
    GINE ARTICOLARE NELL'UOMO.  Atti Soc. ital.
    anat., (1947) 1948, 9.meet., 310-311.


1672
  Murray, P. D. F. and Selby, D.  INTRINSIC AND
    EXTRINSIC FACTORS IN THE PRIMARY DEVELOP-
    MENT OF THE SKELETON.  Arch. Entwmech.,
    1930, 122:  629-662.  20 refs.  Abstracted
    in: BioTT Abstr., Bait., 1932, 6: No. 14412.


1673
  Noltemeir, H.  UBER DIE ENSTEHUNG DER ANATO-
    MISCHEN FORM EINES KNOCHENS  ^eSt  zah™
    arztl.,  Zschr.,  1947, 2: 109-113.


1674
  Oliveira,  H.  de   CONTRIBUTION A LA CONNAIS-
    SANCE DE LA MECANO-STRUCTURE DU TIBIA HU-
    MAIN.  Fol.  anat.  Univ.  conimbr   19^9  7-
    No. 1,  1-10.                    ''      '  -*


1675
  Olivo,  0.  M.   CONSIDERAZIONI  SUL SIGNIFICATO
    FUNZIONALE  DEGLI  OSTEONI.  Boll  Soc  ital
    biol.  sper.,  1937,  12:  67-70   6  rers.
1676
Olivo, O.  M.   RISPONDENZA DELLA FUNZTnvw
  MECCANICA VARIA DEGLI OSTEONI CON LA^ORO
  DIVERSA  MINUTA ARCHITETTURA   Boll  Soc
  ital. biol. sper.,  1937,  12:  400-402   4
  refs.                    —
1677
Olivo, 0. M.,  Maj,  G.  and Toaiari,  E.  SUL
  SIGNIFICATO DELLA MINUTA STRUTTURA DEL
  TESSUTO OSSEO COMPATTO.  Bull. sc. med.,
  Bologna, 1937, 109:  369-394.  22 refs. 
93
MECHANICAL INFLUENCE  (Continued)
1678

  Pa?oT1,i™'rY.~and R"88"-1'  I- G.  CONSIDERATIUNI
    ASUPRA LAMEI OSQASE SUBTROCHANTINIENE; PIN-
    TENELE FEMURAL.  Cluj. med., 1935, 16: 633-
    634.  2 refs.  German  translation  in7 Anat.
    Anz., 1935-36, 81: 280-283.  Study of the
    subtrochanteric osseous lamellae of  the
    femoral crista.

1679
  Pauwels, F.  DIE BEDEUTUNG DER BAUPRINZIPIEN
    DER UNTEREN EXTREMITAt FUR DIE BEANSPRUCHUNG
    DES BEINSKELETTES.  ZWEITER BEITRAG  ZUR
    FUNKTIONELLEN ANATOMIE UND KAUSALEN  MORPH-
    OLOGIE DES STUTZAPPARATES.  Zschr. Anat.
    Entw., 1950, 114: 525-538.  Abstracted in:
    Excerpta med., Sect. 1, 1951, 5: No. 161.
    Data is presented to show that the greatest
    strain on the long bones is produced by  the
    weight of the body.  The muscles and lega-
    ments, serving as a tensil girder, reduce
    this strain.

1680
  Pauwels, F.  DIE BEDEUTUNG DER BAUPRINZIPIEN
    DES STUTZ- UND BEWEGUNGSAPPARATES  FUR DIE
    BEANSPRUCHUNG DER ROHRENKNOCHEN.   ERSTER
    BEITRAG ZUR FUNKTIONELLEN ANATOMIE UND
    KAUSALEN MORPHOLOGIE DES STUTZAPPARATES.
    Zschr. Anat. Entw., 1948, 114: 130-166.

1681
  Pauwels, F.  DIE BEDEUTUNG DER MUSKELKRAFTE
    FUR DIE REGELUNG DER BEANSPRUCHUNG DES
    ROHRENKNOCHENS WAHREND DER BEWEGUNG  DER
    GLIEDER.  DRITTER BEITRAG ZUR FUNKTIONELLEN
    ANATOMIE UND KAUSALEN MORPHOLOGIE  DES
    STUTZAPPARATES.  Zschr. Anat. Entw., 1950,
    115: 327-351.

1682
  Pauwels, F.  BEDEUTUNG  UND KAUSALE ERKLARUNG
    DER SPONGIOSA-ARCHITEKTUR IN NEUER AUF-
    FASSUNG.  Klin. Wschr., 1948, 26:  123-124.
    An abstract.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,
    Sect.  1, 1950, 4: No.  1576.  The arrangement
    of the lamellae  in relation to the lines of
    tension  in spongy bone is discussed.

L683
  Pauwels, F.  BEITRAG ZUR  KLARUNG DER BEANSPRU-
    CHUNG DES BECKENS, INSBESONDERE DER  BECKEN-
    FUGEN.  Zschr. Anat.  Entw., 1948,  114: 167-
    180.

1684
  Pauwels, F.  UBER DIE BEDEUTUNG DER  BAU-
    PRINZIPIEN DES STDTZ-UND BEWEGUNGSAPPARATES
    FUR DIE BEANSPRUCHUNG  DER ROHRENKNOCHEN.
    Acta anat., Basel, 1951, 12: 207-227.  3
    refs.  Abstracted in:  BioTT Abstr.,  Bait.,
    1952, 26: No. 1256.   Study of mechanical
    stresses upon the long  bones: tension,
    pressure and flexion;  and of the muscular
    tensions which reduce  these stresses to  a
    minimum.

1685
  Pauwels, F.  UBER  DIE MECHANISCHE  BEDEUTUNG DER
    GROBEREN KORTIKALISSTRUKTUR BEIM NORMALEN UND
    PATHOLOGISCH VERBOGENEN ROHRENKNOCHEN.   Anat.
    Nachr.,  1950, 1:  53-67.  Abstracted  in:  Ex-
    cerpta med., Sect. 1,  1951, 5: No. 326.
    Stresscoat studies of the lines  of resistance
    in bent  leg bones indicated that  adjustment
    of the cortex to changed stress  takes place
    horizontally and by the deposition of bone
    tissue within the curve.

1686
  Pedersen, H. E., Evans, F. G. and Lissner,
    H. R.  DEFORMATION STUDIES OF THE  FEMUR
    UNDER VARIOUS LOADINGS AND ORIENTATIONS.
    Anat. Ilec, 1949, 103:  159-185.  pi.  10
    refs.  "Stresscoat7'-studies of human
    femora from adult male cadavers.
1687
Peitsara, H.  TIEREXPERIMENTELLE RACHITSUNTER-
  SUCHUNGEN MIT BESONDERER BERUCKSICHTIGUNG
  DER MUSKELTATIGKEIT.  Acta paediat., 1944,
  31: Suppl. 3. 244p.  Bibliography: p. 236-
  24*4.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1947, 41:
  3179c.  In dogs experimental studies were
  made on rickets and muscular exercise and
  on the effects of various doses of vitamin
  D.
1688
  Piotet,  G.   REFLEXIONS SUR LA PHYSI0L0GIE DE
    LA REPARATION ET DE LA CROISSANCE DES OS.
    Helvet.  chir.  acta,  1945,  12:  614-631.

1689
  Policard,  A., Pehu, M. and Boucomont,  J.
    STRUCTURE ET MECANISME DE FORMATION  DE
    CERTAINES STRIES TRANSVERSALES OBSEBVfiES
    SUR LES  RADIOGRAPHIES D'OS LONGS. Bull.
    histol.  appl., Lyon, 1931, 8:  233-241.
    12 refs.   Autopsy studies indicated  that
    the transverse striations seen in X-ray
    studies  of the long bones were due to
    the presence of additional transverse
    trabeculae.  These could be formed during
    a period of relaxation of the  axial  ten-
    sions  on the bone during growth.

1690
  Poos,  F. and Walter,  H.   EXPERIMENTELLE STUDIE
    UBER DAS VERHALTEN DES BULBUS  UND SKELET-
    SYSTEMS  UNTER DEM EINFLUSS EINER  IN  RICHTUNG
    UND GROSSE VERAgDERTEN SCHWERKRAFT (ZENTRI-
    FUGALWIRKUNG)  WAHREND DES WACHSTUMS.  Vir-
    chows  Arch., 1931,  671-683.

1691
  Popa,  G. T.  and  Alexandrescu,  N.  MECANO-
    STRUCTURE D'UN OS PATHOLOGIQUE.   C.  rend.
    Soc. biol., 1931, 107:  390-392.

1692
  Rabson,  S. M   UBER ANPASSUNGSVORGANGE DES
    KNORPEL- UND KNOCHENGEWEBES IM VERSTEIFTEN
    GELENK.   Virchows Arch., 1933, 291:  624-
    642.  20 refs.
1693
  Rouviere,  H.
    anat.  path,
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1694
  Rouvidre, H. and Cordier, G.   SUR LA MORPHO-
    gEnESE. DES OS.  FORMATION DES SAILLIES ET
    DES DEPRESSIONS NON ARTICULAIRES.   Ann.
    anat. path., Par., 1935, 12:  459-463.

1695
  Rutishauser, E. and Majno, G.  LES LESIONS OS-
    SEUSES PAR SURCHARGE DANS LE SQUELETTE NOR-
    MAL.  Schweiz. med. Wschr., 1949,  79:  281-
    288.  46 refs.  Abstracted in: BioTT Abstr.,
    Bait., 1951, 25: No. 5280.   After radial re-
    section dogs were encouraged to walk and the
    effects of increased stress upon the ulna
    were studied radiologically and histological-
    ly.

1696
  Rutishauser, E. and Majno, Q.  LESIONS OSSEUSES
    PAR SURCHARGE DANS LE SQUELETTE NORMAL ET
    PATHOLOGIQUE.  Bull. Schweiz. Akad. med.
    Wiss., (1949) 1950, 6:  333-342.  1 ref.  Ab-
    stracted in: Excerpta med., Sect.  5, 1953,
    6: No. 1321.

1697
  Saaf, J.  EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON ADULT ARTICU-
    LAR CARTILAGE.  AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON
    GUINEA PIGS WITH RELEVANCE TO THE CON-
    TIN0US REGENERATION OF ADULT CARTILAGE.
    Acta orthop. scand, 1950, Suppl. 7.  86p.
    Approx. 100 refs. 
94
MECHANICAL INFLUENCE (Continued)
 1698
   Sa™h^ti'„A-   SULL'ARCHITETTURA DEL FEMORE
     UMANO.   Riv.  antrop.,  1948-1949,  36:  189-


1699
  Schabadasch, A.  BEITRAGE ZUR SYNTHETISCHEN
    ERFORSCHUNG DES MIKROAUFBAUES DES ROHREN-
    KNOCHENS.  Morph. Jahrb., 1935, 76: 203-
    258.  76 refs.

1700
  Schultz, A. H.   THE RELATIVE THICKNESS OF THE
    LONG BONES AND THE VERTEBRAE IN PRIMATES.
    Am. J. Phys.  Anthrop.,  1953, 11: 277-311.
    12 refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 1, 1954, 8: No. 1069.

1701
  Severi, A.  LE ALTERAZIONI DELLA TECA CRANICA
    PER AUMENTO DELLA PRESSIONE ENDOCRANICA.
    (RICERCHE SPERIMENTALI.)  Arch. ital. anat.,
    1933, 4: 135-144.  15 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1934, 8: No. 15637.

1702
  Shik, IA. L. and Grechishkin, S. V.  0 FUNKT-
    SIONAL'NOM STROENII GUBCHATOGO VESHCHESTVA
    KOSTI.  [FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE SUB-
    STANTIA SPONGIOSA]  Arch, russ. anat.,  1940,
    24: 175-181.  19 refs.  German summary,
    p7 268.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1941, 15: No. 14902.  "The  theory of Meyer-
    Wolff-Roux is insufficient  to explain the
    structure of  the spongeous  bone architecture.
    Rontgenograms from different positions  of
    various bones showed that parallel lines of
    spongiosa run in a direction of the lines
    of  force as determined  by a function of one
    or  the  other  set of muscles."  - Biol. Abstr.

1703
 *Simizu, M.  [THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE
    KINETO-ADAPTATION OF BONES.  THE EFFECT OF
    THE MODIFIED  ACTIVITY CAUSED BY THE AMPUTA-
    TION  OF THE RIGHT ARM ON THE GROWTH OF  BONES.
     III.  INFLUENCE UPON CURVATURE  OF CLAVICULA,
    SCAPULA AND RADIO-ULNA  BONES]  Dobutsugaku
    Zasshi,  1943, 55: 241-246.  Abstracted  in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1951,  25: No. 20561.
    "In white rats bone growth  was analyzed by
    measuring the curvature and depth  length
     relations of  the  lateral margins of the
    clavicle, scapula and radio-ulna.  The  in-
     fluence of the lack of  muscle  pull on the
    operated  side is  described." - Biol. Abstr.

1704                  „                   .   .
   Sladk£, F.  VLIV LOKALNICH PORUCH EPIFYSARNICH
    NA  VZRUST KOSTI.  [EFFECT OF LOCAL EPIPHYSEAL
    DISTRUBANCE ON THE GROWTH OF BONE]  Sborn.
    lSk., 1938, 40:  1-44.   2 pi.  Approx. 235
    refs.   French-summary.

 1705
   Slijper,  E. J.  OVER DE DOORNUITSTEEKSELS VAN
    DE MENSCHELIJKE  WERVELKOLOM.   Ned. tschr.
    geneesk., 1946,  90:  1298-1307.  Abstracted
     in:  Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1947,  21: No.  11762.

 1706
   Storck H.  UBER FORM, BAU,  BEANSPRUCHUNG UND
    LEISTUNG DES  KNOCHENS.   75p.   Stuttgart,
    Enke,  1947.
1707
   Strobino,  L.J, French,  G.  0. and Colonna,
    p  C.   THE EFFECT OF INCREASING TENSIONS  ON
    THE GROWTH OF EPIPHYSEAL BONE.   Surg. Gyn.
    Obst.,  1952,  95:  694-700.   6 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in:  Excerpta med., Sect.  9,  1953,
    7:  No.  5025;  Biol.  Abstr.,  Bait.,  1953,  27:
    No.  16396.

 1708
   ThourSn,  G.  OM MELLANANSIKTETS  ARKITEKTONISKA
    BYGGNAD HOS ADULT HOMO.  Odont.  tskr.,  1947,
     55:  402-442.  66 refs.
1709
  ThourSn, G.  OM UNDERKAKENS ARKITEKTONISKA
    BYGGNAD HOS ADULT HOMO.   Odont. tskr.,
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    Excerpta med., Sect. 1,  1949, 3:  No. 374.

1710
  Tigchendorf,  F.  QUANTITATIVE BEOBACHTUNGEN
    UBER DAS VERHALTEN DER HAVERSSCHEN LAMELLEN
    BEI BELASTUNG.  II. MITTEILUNG: UNTERSUCH-
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    No. 10961.

1711
  Toaiari, E.  RESISTENZA MECCANICA ED ELASTICITA
    DEL TESSUTO OSSEO STUDIATA IN RAPPORTO ALLA
    MINUTA STRUTTURA.  Monit. zool. ital., Suppl.,
    1938, 48: 148-154.  2 refs.  In a study of the
    effect-of function on bone structure, splin-
    ters of compact bone, taken  longitudinally
    along the anatomical axis of the radius, ulna
    and olecranon of the ox and  the metatarsals
    and metacarpals of the ox, horse and mule
    were subjected to progressively increased
    pressure until fracture.  It was found that
    in general a relationship existed between the
    fracture load and the degree of elasticity.
    Areas generally subject to tension had a
    greater resistance to fracture and a higher
    degree of elasticity than those generally
    subject to pressure.  It was also noted that
    where resistance and elasticity were greatest
    the collagen fibrils were arranged vertically
    and that in zones of less resistance the ar-
    rangement of the fibrils tended to be circu-
    lar or oblique.

1712
  Todd, T. W. and Barber, C. G.  THE EXTENT OF
    SKELETAL CHANGE AFTER AMPUTATION.  J. Bone
    Surg., 1934, 16: 53-64.   2 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1935, 9: No. 14735.
1713
Townsley,  [W.l
  J. M. Sc,  1942, 6.ser., No. 201, 542.  An
ARCHITECTURE OF FEMUR.  Irish
    abstract.  "The author sought  to demonstrate
    that the internal architecture and  the ex-
    ternal form of bones are based on the me-
    chanical principles."

1714
  Townsley, W.  THE INFLUENCE OF MECHANICAL FAC-
    TORS ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND STRUCUTRE OF
    BONE.  Am. J. Phys. Anthrop., 1948, 6: 25-45.
    3 pi.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1948, 22: No. 17705.  "A radiological in-
    vestigation  of the phylogenetic and onto-
    genetic development of the internal archi-
    tectural features and external form of the
    upper end of the femur was made.  Femora
    from representatives of various evolutionary
    levels - amphibian, reptilian, and mammalian
    - were compared with those of fetal, adoles-
    cent , and adult human bones.  The relation-
    ship of the internal structure and  external
    form to mechanical requirements is  noted "
1715
Ulutas, I.  SPALTLINIEN - YARIK CI7GTtfwt
  Tip Fak. mecmuasi, Istanbul  1952  IV 1Q7
  210.  9 refs.  German summary!  Abstracted"
  in: Excerpta med., Sect. 1  1952  fiv^
  2069   "The  - Spaltlinien'  are a kild of" lines
  which are formed on a decalcified bone bv
  means of a blunt-pointed needle.  The author
  gives a survey on this subject and describes
  the results of his own investigation on h\,
  man and anthropoid mandibles.  The 'Spalt
  linien' on the long bone are parallel to th
  axis of the bone, but on the mandible thev
  are not regular in direction." - Excerpta
  med. 
95
MECHANICAL INFLUENCE  (Continued)
1716
  Vigliani,  F.   ACCRESCIMENTO DELLE OSSA LUNGHE
    SPERIMENTALMENTE SOTTRATTE ALLE NORMALI
    SOLLECITAZIONI  MECCANICHE.  Atti Soc. ital
    anat.,  1950, 59:  322-325.  2 refs.   Experi-
    ments  on young  dogs indicated that  absence
    of mechanical stress by whatever means ob-
    tained,  artificial immobilization,  enerva-
    tion or  both combined,  had a definite ef-
    fect upon the growth in length of the long
    bones.
1717
  Vigliani,  F.   ACCRESCIMENTO IN LUNGHEZZA DI
    OSSA TUBULARI IN ARTI SOTTRATTI SPERIMENTAL-
    MENTE  AL CARICO MECCANICO.  Arch. "Putti"
    1952,  2:  207-221.  37 refs.  Experiments on
    young  dogs  indicated that relief of an ex-
    tremity  from mechanical stress by artificial
    immobilization,  brachial plexus nerve sec-
    tion or  both, had no qualitative effect on
    bone growth processes nor on epiphyseal car-
    tilage structure.  Qualitative effects were
    evident  in  longitudinal growth of the long
    bones  and in thickness  of epiphyseal carti-
    lage .
1718
  Vigliani,  F.   INFLUENZA DELLE NORMALI SOL-
    LECITAZIONI MECCANICHE SULLA STRUTTURA
    DELLE  CARTILAGINI ARTICOLARI NEL PERI0D0
    POST-NATALE. Boll. Soc. ital. biol  sper ,
    1951,  27: 1723-1725.  Abstracted in: Ex-
    cerpta med., Sect. 1, 1954, 8: No.  320.
1719
  Vigliani,  F.   SULLA STRUTTURA DI OSSA SOTTRATTE
    SPERIMENTALMENTE ALLE NORMALI SOLLECITAZIONI
    MECCANICHE.  Boll. Soc. ital. biol. sper.,
    1950,  26: 153-155.  Abstracted in:  Excerpta
    med.,  Sect. 1,  1951, 5: No. 626.
1720
  Villemin,  F.  and  Simeon,  A.  CONTRIBUTION A
    L'ETUDE  DE  LA THE0RIE DE LA FORME F0NCTI0N-
    NELLE  DES OS.  Bordeaux chir., 1936, 7:
    449-450.  3 refs.
1721
                     EXPERIMENTAL'NAIA  ATROFIIA
                     [EXPERIMENTAL ATROPHY OF THE
                      Ortop. travmat., Kharkov,
                     84 refs.  Abstracted in:
                      med. zh.,  1938, 21: 502.
    "Experimental study of  limb atrophy on dogs
    from 3 months to 7 years old.  All  groups
    of muscles  of forearms  and shins except vas-
    cular  new-fibers were removed. ...   Trans-
    formation of osseous tissue originated in
    distal sections  of limbs at 10th day and
    progressed, enveloping  all bones of limbs.
    The transformation was  of atrophic  nature,
    accompanied with qualitative and quantita-
    tive modification of external form  and in-
    ternal texture  of bones.  It developed
    earlier  in  osseous tissue of young  animals.
    Osseous  atrophy  progressed without  partici-
    pation of osteoclasts.   The atrophic process
    appeared  on the  side of removed muscles.
    Process  of  transformation started in places
    of higher pressure of the distal sections
    of limb  and extended later to sites of
    relative  rest."- Tsentr. referat. med. zh.
1722
  Walter  C.  W.,  Van  Slyke,  K.  K.  and Hufnagel,
    C    THE MOBILIZATION AND DEPOSITION OF BONE
    CALCIUM BY  ELECTROLYSIS.  A PRELIMINARY RE-
    PORT   Surgery,   1941, 10:  145-146.   Ab-
    stracted  in:  Chem.  AbstT.,  1942,  36:  2274^.
1723
  Washburne,  S.  L.  THE  EFFECT  OF  THE TEMPORAL
    MUSCLE ON THE FORM OF THE MANDIBLES.   J.
    Dent.  Res.,   1947,  26: 174.   An  abstract.
    "The temporal muscle  of  day-old rats was
    removed.  Four months later the animals
    were sacrificed.  No  coronoid  process was
    present,  and  the  mandibular neck and condyle
    were smaller  than normal.   It  is concluded
    that the extrinsic  factors  acting on the  bone
    are more  important  than  is  usually  supposed."
Volynskii, F. A.
  KOSTNOI TKANI.
  OSSEOUS TISSUE]
  1938, 1: 3-18.
  Tsentr. referat,
 1724
   Wermel,  J.   UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER DIE KINETO-
    GENESE UND IHRE BEDEUTUNG IN DER ONTO- UND
    PHYLOGENETISCHEN ENTWICKLUNG.   (EXPERIMENTE
    UND VERGLEICHUNGEN AN WIRBELTIEREXTREMITA-
    TEN.)   I.  MITTEILUNG:  ALLGEMEINE EINLEIT-
    UNG.   VERANDERUNGEN DER LANGE DER KNOCHEN.
    Gegenbaurs morph.  Jahrb.,  1934,  74:  143-
    169.   Approx.  27 refs.   AbstracteH in:
    Biol.  Abstr.,  Bait.,  1936,  10:  No.  6866.

 1725
   Wermel,  J.   UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER DIE KINETO-
    GENESE UND IHRE BEDEUTUNG IN DER ONTO- UND
    PHYLOGENETISCHEN ENTWICKLUNG.   (EXPERIMENTE
    UND VERGLEICHUNGEN AN WIRBELTIER-EXTREMITA-
    TEN.)   II. MITTEILUNG:  VERANDERUNGEN DER
    DICKE  UND  DER  MASSE DER MASSE  DER KNOCHEN.
    Gegenbaurs morph.  Jahrb.,  1935,  75:  92-127.
    Approx. 35 refs.

 1726
   Wermel,  J.   UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER  DIE KINETO-
    GENESE UND IHRE BEDEUTUNG IN DER ONTO- UND
    PHYLOGENETISCHEN ENTWICKLUNG.   (EXPERIMENTE
    UND VERGLEICHUNGEN AN WIRBELTIER- EXTREMITA-
    TEN )   III.  MITTEILUNG:  VERANDERUNGEN  DER
    WIDERSTANDSFAHIGKEIT  DER KNOCHEN.  Gegen-
    baurs  morph. Jahrb.,  1935,  75:  128-149.   4
    refs .

 1727
   Wermel,  J.   UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER  DIE KINETO-
    GENESE UND IHRE BEDEUTUNG IN DER ONTO-
    UND PHYLOGENETISCHEN  ENTWICKLUNG.   (EXPERI-
    MENTE  UND  VERGIEICHUNGEN AN  WIRBELTIER-
    EXTREMITATEN.)   IV. MITTEILUNG:  LAGERVER-
    ANDERUNGEN DER  SKELETTELEMENTE UND DAMIT
    VERBUNDENE VERANDERUNGEN DER KNOCHEN-  UND
    GELENKFORM.  Gegenbaurs  morph.  Jahrb.,
    1935,  75:  180-228.  Approx.  30 refs.
 1728
   Wermel,  J.   UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER  DIE  KINETO-
    GENESE UND IHRE BEDEUTUNG  IN DER  ONTO-
    UND PHYLOGENETISCHEN  ENTWICKLUNG.   (EXPERI-
    MENTE  UNR  VERGLEICHUNGEN AN  WIRBELTIER-
    EXTREMITATEN.)   VI. MITTEILUNG:  VERANDER-
    UNGEN  DER  MUSKULATUR.   Gegenbaurs morph.
    Jahrb.,  1935,  75:  452-458.   6  refs.

 1729
   Wilkinson, G.  W   and  Leblond,  C. P.  THE
    DEPOSITION OF RADIOPHOSPHORUS  IN FRACTURED
    BONES  IN RATS.   Surg. Gyn. Obst.,  1953, 97:
    143-150.   8  refs.   Abstracted  in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait.,  1954,  28: No. 943.  Rats
    with humerus and  tibia  fractured  at mid-shaft
    were injected with  p32  amj sacrificed  4 hours
    later.  Radioautographs  showed  very active
    fixation of  p32 by  new  bone  trabeculae and
    Geiger counters showed  increased  uptake of
    P32 in the diaphysis  and in  the  epiphyses of
    the fractured bone  and  even  in  the contra-
    lateral  intact  bone.  The  reconstruction  of
    bony tissue  in  bones  other  than  those  frac-
    tured  is attributed to  internal  bony pres-
    sure resulting  from changes  in  the position
    and use of body and limb after  fracture.
1730
  Wright,  R. D.  FACTORS CONCERNED IN BONE STRUC-
    TURE.  J. Anat., Lond.,  1934, 69: 89-90.
    pi.  Abstracted  in: Biol. Abstr., Bait
    1935,  9: No. 19854.

1731
  Wyss, T.   DIE KRAFTFELDER  IN FESTEN KORPERN.
    Vjschr. naturforsch. Ges. Zurich,  1948, 93:
    151-186.   8 refs.  French and English  suFrf""
    maries .

See:
101	130	271	448	451
474	479	529	574	890
954	1002	1092	1099	1105
1106	1346	2237	2242	2313
2352	2361			
 
96
METABOLISM
1732
  Armstrong, W. D.  BONE METABOLISM.  Fed.
    Proc, Bait., 1944, 3: 201-207.  22 refs.
    A review covering: general metabolic con-
    sequences of fractures, factors influencing
    fracture healing, and disuse atrophy of the
    skeleton.

1733
  Budy, A. M.  DISTRIBUTION OF RADIOACTIVE ES-
    TRONE 16-C14 in MICE.  Fed. Proc, Bait.,
    1953, 12: 306.  An abstract.

1733a
  Hevesy, G. [C.]  SKELETON METABOLISM.  IN HIS:
    RADIOACTIVE INDICATORS; THEIR APPLICATION IN
    BIOCHEMISTRY, ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY, AND PATH-
    OLOGY.  New York, Interscience Publishers,
    1948, p. 409-444.  74 refs.

1734
  Mansfield, R. D.   NORMAL BONE METABOLISM.
    Hosp. News, Wash., 1940,  7: No. 13, 1-10.
    19 refs.  A survey of current knowledge of
    normal bone metabolism directed to those
    concerned with bone diseases.
1741
  Layton, .L. L., Frankel,  D.  R. and Scapa, S.
    MATERNAL SULFATE UTILIZED BY MAMMALIAN *."-
    BRYOS AND SUCKLING YOUNG.  Arch. Biochem.,
    N. Y., 1950, 28: 142-144.  6 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: BTol. Abstr., Bait., 1951, 25:
    No. 561.  "Sulfate from the maternal organ-
    ism is apparently transferred across the
    placental barrier and utilized by the em-
    bryo for tissue synthesis.  It is secreted
    in the milk and utilized by the suckled
    young.  The relative fixation values, ex-
    pressed in counts 100 mg. wet tissue, as
    BaS35 04 in 80 mg. BaS04 carrier, were,
    for embryos: entire femur, 2700; aorta,
    1000; skeletal muscle, 290; heart ventricle,
    80; for suckled young: condyle of tibia,
    3500; shaft of tibia, 280; aorta, 35;
    heart ventricle, 17." - Biol. Abstr.


METABOLISM, INORGANIC

  see also METABOLISM; TRACE ELEMENTS and
  subdivisions
1735
  Rogers, H. J. and Weidman,  S. M.   METABOLISM
    OF ALVEOLAR BONE.  Brit.  Dent.  J.,  1951,  90:
    7-10.  7 refs.  Discussion: p.  10.   Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1951, 25:
    No. 28017.

1736
  Stein, I.  BONE METABOLISM.  Surg. Clin.  N.
    America, Philadelphia No., Dec.  1953,  1745-
    1757. 12 refs.  A short review discussing
    structure, growth, formation and normal and
    abnormal metabolism of bone as well as  those
    disease factors involving defect in supply
    of minerals, vitamin or hormone.

1737
  Todd, T. W.   THE RECORD OF METABOLISM IM-
    PRINTED ON  THE SKELETON, (CHARLES ALBERT
    BRACKETT LECTURE).  Am. J. Orthodont.,
    1938,  24: 811-826.  31 refs.

See:
1742
345	369	1024	1151	1265
1349	1362	2023	2787	2848
2947				
METABOLISM - SULPHUR

1738
  Dziewiatkowski, D. D.  RATE OF EXCRETION OF
    RADIOACTIVE SULFUR AND ITS CONCENTRATION IN
    SOME TISSUES OF THE RAT AFTER INTRAPERI-
    TONEAL ADMINISTRATION OF LABELED SODIUM
    SULFATE.  J. Biol. Chem., 1949, 178:  197-
    202.  5 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1949, 23: No. 23200.  "In contrast
    to the rapid Tall observed in the liver and
    blood, the concentration of the S35 was
    found to increase until about the 8th hour
    in bone and until about the 24th hour in
    bone marrow.  The subsequent fall in the
    g35 concentration of the bone and bone
    marrow was also slower than that in blood,
    liver, and brain."
1739                                        ._
  Dziewiatkowski, D. D.  UTILIZATION OF SULFATE
    SULFUR IN THE RAT FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF CYS-
    TINE.  J. Biol. Chem., 1954, 207: 181-186.
    15 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1954,
    48: 5995i.  "...s35 was found to be present
    to a small extent in the cystine isolated
    from the skin plus hair, the skeleton plus
    musculature, and in the internal organs."
1740
  Lavton  L  L.  QUANTITATIVE DIFFERENTIAL FIX-
    ATION OF SULFATE FY TISSUES MAINTAINED IN
    VITRO   I. SULFATE FIXATION AS A FUNCTION OF
    AGE FOR EMBRYONIC TISSUES.  Cancer, Phila.,
    1950  3" 725-734.  25 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Chem. Abstr., 1950, 44: 8475b.
Armstrong, W. D. and Barnum, C. P.  CONCURRENT
  USE OF RADIOISOTOPES OF CALCIUM AND PHOS-
  PHORUS IN THE STUDY OF THE METABOLISM OF
  CALCIFIED TISSUES.  J. Biol. Chem., 1948,
  172: 199-204.  14 refs.  Abstracted in:
  Chem. Abstr., 1949, 43: 38561.  "The up-
  take and retention oT~both radiocalcium
  and radiophosphorus by calcified tissues
  stand in the following decreasing order: fe-
  mur marrow, femur epiphysis, femur diaphy-
  sis, incisor tooth dentin, incisor tooth
  enamel, molar tooth dentin, and molar tooth
  enamel.  Evidence has been presented that
  under conditions in vivo calcified tissues
  do not all exchange calcium and phosphorus
  in the same proportion."
1743
  Aylward,  F. N.  and Blackwood, J.  H.  FASTING
    AND REALIMENTATION IN THE RUMINANT.  I.  THE
    EFFECT OF FOOD AND FASTING ON CERTAIN BLOOD
    CONSTITUENTS.  II. CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS
    METABOLISM DURING FASTING AND DURING RE-
    ALIMENTATION FOLLOWED BY FASTING.  Biochem.
    J., Lond., 1936, 30:  1819-1832.  50 refs.
    Abstracted in: Nutrit. Abstr.,  Aberdeen,
    1937-38, 7: No. 620.
1744
  Bartolomucci,  E.   RICERCHE SPERIMENTALI SUL
    COMPORTAMENTO DEL CALCIO FOSFORO E DELL'AT-
    TIVITA FOSFATASICA NELLA DERIVAZIONE TOTALE
    ESTERNA DELLA BILE.  Sperimentale, 1940  94:
    573-582.  19 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem' —
    Abstr., 1943, 37: 31647.  "Dogs with a
    biliary fistula show a constant drop in the
    Ca and P in the blood.  The drop in Ca is
    greatest at the beginning of the experi-
    ment and is followed by an increase  with-
    out, however, attaining normalcy.  The de-
    crease of P is  progressive.  The phosphatase
    in the plasma is increased, also that in the
    bones, while the Ca content of the bones de-
    creases." - Chem. Abstr
1745

  "BETS* "s viTK^K^T^rte-l!-
    AND OTHER TISSUES,  UNDER VARIOUS  CONDI-
    TIONS.   J. Dent.  Res.,  1953,  32-  168-176
    19 refs.  Abstracted  in: Biol—Abstr
    Bait.,  1953,  27:  No.  32230;  Nutrit  Abstr
    Aberdeen, 1953,  23: No.  4790; Chem  Abstr"'
    1953, 47: 7059i.                          " ' 
METABOLISM, INORGANIC  (Continued)
97
1746
  Benjamin, H. R.  THE FORMS OF THE CALCIUM AND
    INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS IN HUMAN AND ANIMAL
    SERA.  II. THE NATURE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF
    THE FILTRABLE, ADSORBABLE CALCIUM-PHOSPHORUS
    COMPLEX.  J. Biol. Chem., 1933, 100: 57-78.
    23 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. ABstr., 1933,
    27: 2480.  "It is suggested that normal cal-
    cification of bone involves the adsorption
    of the calcium-phosphorus complex of the
    serum by cartilage in the region of the
    epiphyseal junction.  When, as in rickets,
    the concentration of this complex is reduced
    below a certain level, adsorption, and con-
    sequently calcification, is retarded."

1747
  Bogdonoff, M. D. , Shock, N. W. and Nichols,
    M. P.  CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS, NITROGEN, AND
    POTASSIUM BALANCE STUDIES IN THE AGED MALE.
    J. Geront., 1953, 8: 272-288.  Abstracted
    in: Chem. Abstr., T953, 47: 11422°; Nutrit.
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 1954, *"(?: No. 799; Brit.
    Abstr., 1954,  p.  167.  "ETderly men in
    positive N balance required 850 mg. per day
    of Ca, about  the  same as the needs of
    younger men.   These elderly subjects were
    able to retain Ca, P, N, and K, suggesting
    that protoplasm was being built up.  Elder-
    ly males with osteoporosis, however, re-
    tained only a little Ca when large amounts
    were given, suggesting that some defect in
    osteoid formation or its calcification was
    present." - Brit. Abstr.

1748
  Carlsson, A.  ON THE MECHANISM OF THE SKELE-
    TAL TURNOVER  OF LIME SALTS.  Acta physiol.
    scand., 1952,  26: 200-211.  Addendum,
    p. 211.  17 rets.  Abstracted  in: Excerpta
    med.,  Sect. 2, 1953, 6: No. 2795.  Radio-
    calcium was administered to rats and the
    uptake in the incisors studied during the
    next 18 hours.  The process was noted to
    have been irreversible and no  return of
    radiocalcium  from incisors to  blood was
    demonstrated.  "The results suggested a
    diurnal rhythmic  variation in  calcium up-
    take"  and were considered to support the
    view of a close relationship between the
    renewal of bone salt and that  of bone tis-
    sue.   The article is preceded  by a review
    of the literature.

1749
  Carlsson, A.  TRACER EXPERIMENTS ON THE EF-
    FECT OF VITAMIN D ON THE SKELETAL METABO-
    LISM OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS.  Acta
    physiol. scand.,  1952, 26: 212-220.  17
    refs.  Abstracted in: CEem. Abstr., 1953,
    47: 715<".  A  study was made with rats.
    Eighteen hours after administration of
    isotopes, the tracers indicated that up-
    take of lime  salts was favored by vitamin
    D in the long bones more than  in the in-
    cisors, although  the vitamin had produced
    an increased  ash  weight of the incisors and
    no increase in ash weight of the bones.  It
    was concluded that vitamin D favored the
    removal of lime slats from the bones.  The
    article is preceded by a review of the
    literature.
1750
VERSCHIL-
Claassen, V. and WSstmann, B. S. J.  VERSCH]
  LEN TUSSEN DE OPNEMING VAN CA4t> EN P-"  IN
  HET SKELET VAN JONGE RATEN NA  INTRAVENEUZE
  INJECTIE.  Chem. wbl.,-Amst.,  1954,  50:  18-
  21.  5 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,
  1954, 48: 5988*".
1751
Dallemagne, M. J.  REFLEXIONS SUR LE METABO-
  LISME MINERAL DES TISSUS CALCIFIES.  Rev.
  med., Liege, 1946, 1: 77-79.
1752
  Davis,  G. K. and Loosli, J. K.  MINERAL ME-
    TABOLISM  (ANIMAL).  Annual Rev. Biochem.,
    1954, 23: 459-480.  248 refs.

1753
  Duckworth, J. and Godden, W.  THE LABILITY OF
    SKELETAL MAGNESIUM RESERVES.  THE INFLUENCE
    OF RATES OF BONE GROWTH.  Biochem. J.,
    Lond., 1941, 35: 816-823.  17 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: C"iiem. Abstr., 1942, 36: 19989;
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1942, 16: No. 6506.
    "The net quantity of Mg liberated from the
    skeleton and its apparent rate of mobiliza-
    tion were related to the rate of bone
    growth.  The skeleton contained the main
    reserve of Mg which was highly labile.  The
    two-phase nature of the syndrome of Mg de-
    ficiency was shown to be explicable on the
    basis of mobilization, and then cessation
    of mobilization, of the skeletal reserves.
    A mechanism for the removal and return of
    skeletal Mg was suggested." - Chem. Abstr.

1754
  Engel,  M. B., Joseph, N. R. and Catchpole,
    H. R.  EQUILIBRIUM OF CALCIUM AND OTHER IONS
    IN CONNECTIVE TISSUES.  Tr. Conf. Metab.
    Interrelat., 5.Conf., 1953, 105-118.  Con-
    ference discussion: p. 113-118.  13  refs.

1755
  Ercoli, N. and Lewis, M. N.  THE AGE FACTOR
    IN THE RESPONSE OF BONE TISSUE TO ALIZARIN
    DYES AND THE MECHANISM OF DYE FIXATION.
    Anat. Rec, 1943, 87: 67-76.  25 refs.
    Adult and immature white mice were used in
    the experiments.

1756
  Falkenheim, M., Neuman, W. F. and Hodge, H. C.
    EXCHANGE OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS AS THE
    MECHANISM OF RADIOISOTOPE ADSORPTION OF
    BONES AND TEETH.  J. Dent. Res., 1947, 26:
    Proc., 460.  An abstract.

1757
  Follis, R. H., Jr.  DISEASES, PARTICULARLY OF
    BONE, ASSOCIATED WITH DERANGEMENTS OF CAL-
    CIUM AND PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM.  Tr. Conf.
    Metab. Interrelat., 1953, 5.Conf., 196-244.
    Approx. 40 refs.

1758
  Greenberg, D. M   THE DYNAMICS OF CALCIUM AND
    PHOSPHATE METABOLISM.  Univ. California Pub.
    Physiol., 1947, 8: No. 18, 277-292.  93
    refs.  This review is devoted to the rela-
    tion of calcium and phosphate ions to bone.
1759
  Greenberg, D. M.  MINERAL METABOLISM, MAG-
    NESIUM, AND PHOSPHORUS.  Annual Rev. Bio-
    chem., 1939, 8: 269-300.  175 refs.  For
    bone, see particulary, p. 273-276.
1760
  Hansen, I. G. and Mollgaard, H.  INVESTIGA-
    TIONS OF THE EFFECT OF LACTIC ACID ON THE
    METABOLISM OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS.  Acta
    physiol. scand., 1947, 14: 158-170.  4 refs.
    Abstracted in: Chem. AbiTr., 1948, 42: 651c.
    "Strong lactic acid fermentation in-the in-
    testines of the pig effect an increase of
    the absorption of calcium and phosphate and
    by that way a superior bone formation.  It
    further promotes health and growth of young
    pigs considerably."

1761
  Hevesy, G. C.  RATE OF RENEWAL OF THE FISH
    SKELETON.  Acta physiol. scand., 1945, 9:
    234-247.  "At least 95 percent of the
    skeleton were found to remain unchanged
    during the experiment  [as long as 30 days].
    The rate of renewal of the fish skeleton  is
    thus much lower than that of the mammalian
    skeleton." 
METABOLISM, INORGANIC (Continued)
98
1762
  Hevesy, G. C., Levi, H. B. and Rebbe, 0  H
    RATE OF REJUVENATION OF THE SKELETON.  Bio-
    chem. J., Lond., 1940, 34: 532-537.  14
    refs.  Abstracted in: BTol. Abstr., Bait
    1940, 14: No. 16021; Chem. Abstr., 1940,
    34: 55T53.

1763
  Karcher,  H.  DER CALCIUM- UND PHOSPHORSTOFF-
    WECHSEL BEI DER NORMALEN UND GESTORTEN
    KNOCHENBRUCHHEILUNG SOWIE IN FRISCHEN UND
    KONSERVIERTEN TRANSPLANTATEN.   EIN NACHWEIS
    MIT DEN RADIOAKTIVEN ISOTOPEN p32 und CA45.
    Arch. klin. Chir.,  1953,  275:  1-49.  47
    refs.  Abstracted in: Nutrit.  Abstr.,  Aber-
    deen, 1954, 24:  No.  815;  Chem. Abstr.,  1953,
    47: 106512. —

1764
 *Krupski,  A., Uehlinger, E. and Almasy,  F
    UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER DEN KALZIUM-PHOSPHOR-
    STOFFWECHSEL UND HISTOLOGISCHE KNOCHENBE-
    FUNDE.   Schweiz. Arch. Tierh., 1939,  81-
    223-232.                             —

1765
  Lacroix,  P., Devis, R.  and Schicks, E.   DISTRI-
    BUTION OF RADIOPHOSPHORUS IN THE LONG BONES
    OF ADULT RABBITS.  Experientia, Basel,  195?,
    8: 113-114.  12 refs.  Abstracted in:  Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1952,  26:  No.  20531; Nuclear
    Sc. Abstr., 1952, 6:  No.  3209.
1766
  METABOLISM OF PHYTIN LABELED WITH P32
    Nutrit.  Rev.,  1951,  9:  111-112.   A short
    review.
1767
  THE MOBILITY OF BONE.  [AN EDITORIAL]   J.
    Am. M. Ass., 1947,  135:  514.   3 refs.
1768
  Morgan,  A. F.,  Garrison,  E. A.,  Householder,
    H.,  Hansen,  A.  M.,  Seberger,  M.  V.,  Waten-
    paugh, J. T., Felsher,  A. and Long,  M.  L.
    THE  EFFECT OF ACID,  NEUTRAL,  AND BASIC  DIETS
    ON THE CALCIUM AND  PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF
    DOGS.   Univ.  California Pub.  Physiol.,  1934,
    8: No. 7, 61-106.   Abstracted in:  Biol.
    A~bstr.,  Bait.,  1935,  9:  No.  13705.
1769
  Munro, H. N. and Cumming, M. C.  NITROGEN
    METABOLISM AFTER FRACTURE.  Nature, Lond.,
    1948, 161: 560-561.  3 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1948-49, 18:
    No. 2123.  In this study with rats it was
    found that nitrogen lost from the injured
    limb accounts for only a small part of the
    nitrogen excreted after fracture.
1770
  Patwardhan, V. N. and Chitre, R. G.  STUDIES
    IN CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM.  II.
    THE EFFECT OF TOXIC DOSES OF VITAMIN D ON
    THE ASH., CA, AND P CONTENT OF THE BONES AND
    ON THE EXCRETION OF N, CA, AND P IN THE
    ALBINO RATS.  Ind.  J. M. Res., 1938, 26:
    447-458  13 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.
    Abstr., 1939, 33: 69212; Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1939, 13: No. 309.
1771
  Patwardhan, V. N., Chitre, R. G. and Sukhatan-
    kar,  D. R.  STUDIES IN CALCIUM AND PHOS-
    PHORUS METABOLISM.  PART VII. THE IONIC PRO-
    DUCTS OF CALCIUM PHOSPHATES IN EXPERIMENTAL-
    LY INDUCED VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY.  Ind. J.
    M. Res., 1945,  33: 195-202.  18 refs.
1772
   Pavalnsky, R.   KOSTNI  ATROFIE  SE  ZRET^EM NA
     VYMENU  MINERALNICH LATEK A ZIVOT  KOSTI.
     [BONE ATROPHY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE  IO
     MINERAL METABOLISM AND  PHYSIOLOGY OF  THb
     BONE]   Sborn.  lek.,  1946, 48: 344-352;
     1947, 48:  353-405.   4 p.  reTs.  English
     and  French summaries, p.  391-402.   A  review.

 1773
   Reinach,  N., Louw,  J.  G.  and Groenewald,  J  W.
     THE  EFFECT OF BODY STORES AND OF  METHOD OF
     SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE  EFFICIENCY OF  CALCIUM
     AND  PHOSPHORUS UTILIZATION BY SHEEP.  Onder-
     stepoort J. Vet.  Res.,  1952, 25:  No.  4, 85-
     91.  7  refs.   Abstracted  in: Biol.  Abstr.,
     Bait.,  1954,  28:  No. 3014.

 1774
  Robbins,  C.  L.   THE EFFECT  OF DINITROPHENOL
     ON CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM.   J.
     Nutrit., 1935, 10: 187-191.  9  refs.  Ab-
     stracted in:  BioT. Abstr., Bait.,  1936,
     10:  No. 13051.

 1775
   Schmidt,  C.  L.  A. and  Greenberg,  D.  M.  OC-
     CURRENCE,  TRANSPORT  AND REGULATION OF CALCI-
     UM,  MAGNESIUM AND PHOSPHORUS IN THE ANIMAL
     ORGANISM.  Physiol.  Rev., 1935, lj>: 297-434.
     Approx. 650 refs.  Abstracted in:  Nutrit.
     Abstr., Aberdeen, 1935-36, 5: No.  3006.
     See  particularly  p.  380-415  for calcium,
     magnesium  and  phosphorus  in  the skeleton and
     the  relation  of vitamins  and the  endocrine
     glands  to  the  metabolism  of  these  ions.

 1776
  Schott§,  O. E. and  Lamy,  F.  CALCIUM  CONTENT
     IN THE  NORMAL  AND IN THE  REGENERATING UPPER
    ARM  OF  TRITURUS VIRIDESCENS.  J. Exp. Zool.,
     1953, 122:  97-117.   16  refs.  Abstracted in:
    Excerpta med., Sect. 1,  1954, 8: No.  175;
    Biol. Abstr.,  Bait., 1953, 27:  No.  22392.

1777
  Sehra, K. B.  and Ahmad, B.  STUDIES ON CALCIUM
    AND  PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM.   III. HEPATIC IN-
    EFFICIENCY AND RICKETS.   Ind. J. M. Res.,
     1945, 33:  115-120.   28  refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. ABstr.,  Bait., 1946, 20:  No.  2533.
    "In  order  to study the  relationship between
    liver function, blood serum phosphatase and
    bone development, the degree of bone calci-
    fication in guinea pigs which were  fed  CCI4
    to produce liver damage has been examined.
     It was observed that the  degree of calcifi-
    cation was lower  in  animals with liver  dam-
    age  than that  of normal controls.   The  ad-
    dition of oats to the diet of these animals
    further aggravated the decalcifying action
    resulting from liver damage.  The role  of
    phosphatase in the mineral metabolism of
    the  skeleton is discussed." - Biol. Abstr.

1778
  Sendroy,  J.,  Jr.  MINERAL METABOLISM.  Annual
    Rev. Biochem., 1945,  14: 407-430.   187  refs.
    See  particularly p.  4T5-424 for review  of
    the  literature pertaining to bone.
1779
  Theiler, A
           Du Toit, P.  J.  and Malan, A. 1
STUDIES IN MINERAL METABOLISM.  XXXVIII
CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS  IN THE NUTRITION*OF
GROWING PIGS.  Onderstepoort J.  Vet. Sc
1937, 9: 127-164.  7 refs.  Abstracted in-
Chem. Abstr., 1938, 32:  50402.
1780
  Toverud,  K
          U.  and Toverud,  G   STUDIES ON
THE MINERAL METABOLISM DURING PREGNANCY AND
LACTATION.  II.   Biochem.  J., Lond.,  1932
26: 1424-1434.   pi.   5 refs.   Abstracted in•
CBem. Abstr., 1933,  27:  1038. 
99
METABOLISM, INORGANIC  (Continued)
1781
  Tyler, C.  STUDIES OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS
    METABOLISM IN RELATION TO THE CHEMICAL STRUC-
    TURE OF BONE.  I. EXPERIMENTS WITH LAYING
    BIRDS.  Biochem. J., Lond., 1940, 34: 202-
    212.  10 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem7 Abstr,,
    1940, 34: 4135*; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1940,
    14: No. 11913.
1782
  Tyler, C.  STUDIES OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS
    METABOLISM IN RELATION TO THE CHEMICAL
    STRUCTURE OF BONE.  II. EXPERIMENTS WITH
    MOULTING BIRDS.  Biochem. J., Lond., 1940,
    34: 1427-1430.  1 ref.  Abstracted in:
    BTol. Abstr., Bait., 1941, 15: No. 12159.
    "The changes in the Ca of tEe Cao^PO^o of
    bone and the residual Ca of the bone of two
    birds laying just prior to moulting and of
    one of the birds in moult are discussed.
    It is shown that these changes are sub-
    stantially similar to the changes taking
    place in birds in full lay."
1783
  Watanabe, T. and Suzuki, T.  M0RPH0L0GISCHE
    STUDIEN UBER DIE VERSCHIEDENEN EINFLUSSE
    AUF DEN KALKSTOFFWECHSEL DES  KNOCHENS.  Tr.
    Soc.  path, jap.,  1933, 23: 329-331.

See:
236	539	1148	1203	1220
1257	1263	1361	1417	1458
1490	1507	1590	1998	1999
2226	2228a	2241	2328	2386
2620	2740	2772	2842	2887
2964				
METABOLISM, INORGANIC - CALCIUM

  see also METABOLISM, INORGANIC

1784
  Armstrong, W. D.  THE MAGNITUDE OF THE TURNOVER
    OF CALCIUM BETWEEN BONE AND INTERSTITIAL
    FLUID.  Tr. Conf. Metab. Interrelat., 1953,
    5.Conf., 46-52.  Conference Discussion:
    p. 50-52.
1785
  Armstrong, W. D., Johnson, J. A., Singer, L.
    Lienke, R. I.  and Premer, M. L.  RATES OF
    TRANSCAPILLARY MOVEMENT OF CALCIUM AND
    SODIUM AND OF  CALCIUM EXCHANGE BY THE SKELE-
    TON.  Am. J. Physiol., 1952, 171: 641-651.
    21 refs.  Abstracted in: ChemT"Abstr., 1953,
    47: 3959n.  Dogs were given radiocalcium and
    radiosodium and the quantities of these iso-
    topes present  in plasma and blood estimated
    separately at  intervals.  Methods are de-
    scribed, and evidence is presented that
    calcium-binding by plasma proteins does not
    impede the transcapillary movement of cal-
    cium.  The rates of this movement of calcium
    and sodium are calculated and the quantities
    of skeletal calcium and tissue sodium ex-
    changed up to  340 minutes are estimated.

1786
  Arnold  J  S.  IN VITRO SOLUBILITY AND ION EX-
    CHANGE OF IN VIVO-DEPOSITED CA-45 IN BONE.
    Fed. Proc, Bait., 1953, 12: 383.  An ab-
    stract .
1787
Of
Bellin, J  and Laszlo, D.  METABOLISM AND RE-
  MOVAL OF CA45 in MAN.  Science, 1953, 117:
  331-334.  20 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.
  Abstr., 1953, 47: 8200d.  A single dose of
  Ca45ci24 was injected rapidly into the anti-
  cubital vein of fasting controlled patients.
  Blood and urine analyses were made at fre-
  quent intervals and stool analyses daily.
  It was found that the Ca45 rapidly disap-
  peared from the blood stream, appeared in
  the excreta and was deposited in bone.  The
  rate at which these processes occur is be-
  lieved to vary depending on the state of
  bone metabolism and to be, therefore, a
    useful indicator of skeletal activity.   When
    the Ca45 levels approximated equilibrium in
    serum and excreta,  sodium salt of ethylene
    diamine tetracetic  acid was infused intra-
    venously and the following increase in  Ca*0
    excretion was studied as an indication  of
    the rates of skeletal demineralization.

1788
  Bessey, O. A., King,  C. G., Quinn, E. J.  and
    Sherman, H. C.  THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION OF
    CALCIUM BETWEEN THE SKELETON AND SOFT TIS-
    SUES.  J. Biol. Chem., 1935, 111: 115-118.
    5 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,  Bait.,
    1936. 10: No. 13021; Chem. Abstr., 1935, 29:
    74311; Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1935-36,
    5: No. 2845.

1789
  Bleyer, B. and Fischler, F.  ZUR FRAGE DER
    BEEINFLUSSBARKEIT DES GESTORTEN SKELETT-
    MINERALSTOFFWECHSELS DURCH CA-MG-SALZE  DER
    INOSITPHOSPHORSXURE IM VEREIN MIT BIOKATALY-
    TISCH WIRKSAMEN PFLANZENEXTRAKTEN.  Biochem.
    Zschr., 1931, 239:  224-231.  4 refs. Ab-
    stracted in: Cnem.  Abstr., 1931, 25: 5920.
1790
  Carlsson, A.  METABOLISM OF RADIOCALCIUM  IN
    RELATION TO CALCIUM INTAKE IN YOUNG RATS.
    Acta pharm. tox., Kbh., 1951,  7: Suppl. 1.
    74p.  52 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr., 1953, 27: No. 451; Chem. Abstr.,
    1951, 45: 9646"rT  Contents: Introduction.-
    The metEod. - The effect of Ca deprivation
    on the absorption and on the excretion  of
    radiocalcium. - Effect of parenteral ad-
    ministration of Ca on the absorption of
    Ca4*5 from the digestive tract. - Absorp-
    tion and skeletal metabolism of radiocal-
    cium in relation to age and growth. -  The
    skeletal distribution of Ca4* in rachitic
    rats. - Absorption and skeletal distribution
    of radiocalcium after oral administration
    of labelled calcium in varying doses.  - The
    role of vitamin D in the absorption and
    skeletal distribution of radiocalcium  at
    different  levels of Ca in the diet. -
    Skeletal distribution of Ca45 as observed
    at different intervals after the admini-
    stration of labelled Ca. - Summary. -
    References.
1791
  Carlsson, A., Lindqvist, M. and Magnusson, T.
    EXPERIMENTS WITH RADIOCALCIUM ON THE INTER-
    RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN VITAMIN D AND DIETARY
    CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS.  Acta pharm. tox.,
    Kbh., 1953, 9: 32-40.  18 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Chem. Abstr., 1953, 47: 11380c; Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1953, 27: No. 24666.  "Re-
    sults on the uptake o"f~Ca45 in the skeleton
    indicated an extra-intestinal effect of
    vitamin D."
1792
  Comar, C. L.  SKELETAL METABOLISM STUDIES WITH
    RADIOCALCIUM.  IN:  THE ROLE OF ATOMIC ENERGY
    IN AGRICULTURAL""R"ESEARCH.  PROCEEDINGS OF
    THE FOURTH ANNUAL OAK RIDGE SUMMER SYMPOSIUM
    AUGUST  25-30, 1952.   (Comar, C. L. and Hood,
    S. L.,  comps.)  Oak Ridge, Tenn.  Technical
    Information Service, 1953, p. 225-329.   (TID-
    5115)   12 refs.
1793
  Common, R. H.  OBSERVATIONS ON THE MINERAL
    METABOLISM OF PULLETS.  III.  J. Agr.  Sc.,
    Lond.,  1938, 28: 347-365.  "The experi-
    ment suggests"~That pullets may use up to
    about one-quarter of their body calcium  at
    the outset of laying for purposes of shell
    formation.  The composition of  the  inor-
    ganic material of the skeleton of pullets
    may be modified by alterations  in their
    mineral metabolism due to egg production
    on diets with and without a calcium car-
    bonate  supplement.  The nature  of these
    modifications and their relationship to
    calcium metabolism during  laying  is dis-
    cussed ." 
100
METABOLISM,
  tinued)
INORGANIC - CALCIUM (Con-
1794
  Common, R. H. and Hale, R. W.  OBSERVATIONS
    ON THE MINERAL METABOLISM OF PULLETS.  VI.
    THE MOBILIZATION OF BODY CALCIUM FOR SHELL
    FORMATION.  J. Agr. Sc., Lond., 1941, 31:
    415-437.  25 refs.  "It is suggested tEat
    some degree of mobilization of skeletal
    calcium is a normal feature of shell for-
    mation in the fowl, the fraction of bone
    mineral material mobilized always having a
    higher Ca:P ratio than  the skeleton as a
    whole, although the actual ratio may vary
    with the calcium in the diet and with the
    form in which the calcium is provided."

1795
  Common, R. H.  OBSERVATIONS ON THE MINERAL
    METABOLISM OF PULLETS.  VII. THE CALCIUM
    REQUIREMENT OF THE LAYING BIRD.  J. Agr.
    Sc,  Lond., 1943, 33: 213-220.  32 refs.
    Contents:  Retention of calcium from the
    food  for laying birds. - Differential re-
    tention on day of shell formation and days
    of no shell formation. - Mobilization of
    skeletal reserves on high calcium intakes.
    - Practical considerations. - Summary.

1796
  Conway, E. J.  THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE
    OF INORGANIC LEVELS IN THE INTERNAL MEDIUM
    OF ANIMALS.  Biol. Rev. Cambridge Philos.
    Soc, 1945, 20: 56-72.  63 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Chem. Abstr., 1945, 39: 37973.

1797
  Cremer, H. D., Herr, W. and SpSth, H.  ERnXH-
    RUNGSFAKTOREN BEI ZAHN- UND KNOCHENBILDUNG.
    I. CA-RESORPTION UND CA-EINLAGERUNG NACH
    ZUFUHR VERSCHIEDENER MIT 45CA MARKIERTER
    SALZE.  Biochem. Zschr., 1951, 322: 212-220.
    5 refs.  Abstracted in:  Excerpta med., Sect.
    2, 1952, 5: No. 6176; Chem. Abstr., 1952,
    46: 4078e7

1798
  Fairbanks, B. W.  THE RELATION  BETWEEN CAL-
    CIUM RETENTION AND THE STORE OF CALCIUM IN
    THE BODY, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE
    DETERMINATION OF CALCIUM REQUIREMENTS.  J.
    Nutrit., 1936, 11: 551-572.  20 refs.

1799
  Fournier, P.  L'ABSORPTION DU CALCIUM CHEZ LE
    RAT ADULTE.  III. INFLUENCE DE L'ETAT INI-
    TIAL DE L'ANIMAL.  C. rend. Acad. sc., 1953,
    236:  2537-2539.  4 refs.  Two groups of
    adult rats were fed a Ca deficient diet for
    a short and a long period respectively, and
    then fed a diet containing 41% Ca.  It was
    noted that the group deprived of Ca for a
    short time absorbed little Ca when it was
    made available while the second group of
    rats absorbed large initial quantities which
    soon decreased.  The question is raised
    whether this high and quickly reduced ab-
    sorption of Ca indicates a rapid remineral-
    ization of insufficiently calcified bone.

1800
  Greenberg, D. M.  STUDIES IN MINERAL METABO-
    LISM WITH THE AID OF ARTIFICIAL RADIOACTIVE
    ISOTOPES.  VIII. TRACER EXPERIMENTS WITH
    RADIOACTIVE CALCIUM AND STRONTIUM ON THE
    MECHANISM OF VITAMIN D ACTION IN RACHITIC
    RATS.  J. Biol. Chem., 1945, 157:  99-104.
    7 refs.  Abstracted in:  Nutrit. Abstr.,
    Aberdeen, 1945-46, 15: No. 238.  It was
    demonstrated that vTtamin D promotes ab-
    sorption of calcium from the digestive
    tract and that it has a direct action on
    the mineralization of bone in rachitic
    animals.
1801
  Hodge,  H. C., Falkenheim,  M. and Emery, E.
    CALCIUM EXCHANGE IN BONE USING RADIOCALCIUM
    IN VITRO.   Fed. Proc, Bait., 1947, 6: 262.
    An abstract.
 1802
   Hodge,  H.  C.,  Underwood, E. E.  and  Falkenheim,
    M.  RATES  OF CALCIUM EXCHANGE IN  THE  SYSTEM;
    POWDERED BONE  IN CALCIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION.
    Fed.  Proc,  Bait.,  1950, 9: 286.   An  ab-
    stract.  Abstracted in: BTol. Abstr.,  Bait.,
    1951, 25:  No.  4266.

 1803
   Howard, J. E.  METABOLISM OF CALCIUM AND PHOS-
    PHORUS IN  BONE.  Bull. N. York Acad.  M.,
    1951, 27:  24-41.   72 refs.

 1804
   Hunter, D.  CALCIUM  AND  PHOSPHORUS  METABOLISM.
    Lancet,  Lond.,  1930, 218: 897-904; 947-957
    and 999-1008.   2 pi. ~TS2 refs.

 1805
   Jacobs, T. and Govaerts, J.  L'UTILIZATION  DU
    RADIOPHOSPHORE  POUR L'ETUDE DU METAB0LISME
    DU CALCIUM CHEZ L'EMBRYON DE  LA POULE ET  LE
    POUSSIN.  Arch, internat. physiol., Par.,
    1951, 59:  333-340.  4  refs.   Abstracted in:
    Chem. ABstr.,  1953, 47: 6508e; Nutrit.
    Abstr.,  Aberdeen,  195T-52, 21: No. 5151.

 1806
   Lacroix, P.  SUR LE  METABOLISME DU  CALCIUM
    DANS  L'OS  COMPACT  DU CHIEN ADULTE. Bull.
    Acad. med. Belgique, 1953, 18: 489-495.
    pi.   15  refs.

 1807
   Landtman,  B.   TIEREXPERIMENTELLE UNTERSUCHUNG-
    EN UBER  DEN  CALCIUM- UND PHOSPHORSTOFFWECH-
    SEL IN KNOCHEN MIT BESONDERER BERUCKSICHTIG-
    UNG DER  WIRKUNG DES D-VITAMINS.   Acta
    physiol. scand., 1944, 8: Suppl.  26.   124p.
    Bibliography: p. 119-121.  Abstracted  in:
    Nutrit.  Abstr., Aberdeen, 1945-46, 15: No.
    1238;  Chem.  Abstr., 1946, 40:  9382.

 1808
   Leriche, R.  and Jung, A.  DOCUMENTS CONCERNANT
    L<UTILISATION LOCALE DU CALCIUM PROVENAHT
    D'UN  FOYER D'OSTEOLYSE; ETUDE SUR LES  MECAN-
    ISMES DE L'OSTfiOGENESE.  Rev.  chir., Par  ,
    1938,  76:  378-381.

 1809
  Lienke,  R. I., Cullen, G. and Armstrong, W. D.
    STUDIES  ON THE EXCRETION AND  DISTRIBUTION OF
    RADIOACTIVE CALCIUM.  Tr. Conf. Metab.
    Interrelat., 1949,   l.Conf.,  73-76.  1 ref.

1810
  Lontie,  P.  COMMENT SE DISTRIBUE DANS LE
    SQUELETTE LE RADIOCALCIUM ADMINISTRE AU
    LAPIN ADULTE.  Rev. beige path.,   1953, 23-
    118-125.  20 refs.   English  summary.   —
    "The  fixation of radiocalcium injected in
    adult  rabbits has  been  measured in as many
    portions as possible of the  long  bone
    ^wVi6 S*°Iu tbat the Proportional "dis-
    tribution of the radio-activities  in a given
    bone  does not change significantly in a
    period of about two hundred  days."

1811
  Loreto,  C.  LA CALCEMIA  NEL PERIODO DT OIIART
    Xr?^^1"™112-   CONTRIbStS ?PER?M?NT-
    ALit.  Area. farm,  sper.,  1930-19^1  <n -
    145-164, 189-192,  217-227.   74 refs ~Ab-

1812Stra°ted iD:  Chem"  Abstr"  1M1,   25i 4928.

  Nicolaysen, R.   THE  ABSORPTION OF CALCIUM AS
    A FUNCTION OF THE  BODY SATURATION WITH
    CALCIUM.  Acta physiol. scand., 1943  5-
    200-211.  3 refs.   Abstracted in:   NutrTt
    Abstr., Aberdeen,  1943-44,  13: No. 2041 '
1813
  Nicolaysen, R.  and Norbiar, R.   CALCIUM METABO-
    LISM AND CITRIC ACID.   Acta  physiol. scand
    1943,  5: 212-214.   3 refs.   Abstracted in:''
    Nutrit7 Abstr., Aberdeen,  1943-44, 13: No
    2041. 
101
METABOLISM, INORGANIC - CALCIUM  (Con-
  tinued)
1814
  Nicolaysen, R., Eeg-Larsen, N. and Malm,
    0. J.  PHYSIOLOGY OF CALCIUM METABOLISM.
    Physiol. Rev., 1953, 33: 424-444.  126
    refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1954, 28: No. 10495.  See particu-
    larly p. 433-439 for review of the litera-
    ture on the skeleton.

1815
  Randoin, L. and Causeret, J.  LE CALCIUM EN
    BIOLOGIE ET DANS L'ALIMENTATION HUMAINE.
    Bull. Soc. sc. hyg. aliment., Par., 1951,
    39: 249-266.  A review of the role of cal-
    cium in animal life, which considers its
    distribution in the tissues (including
    bone), calcium metabolism and calcium de-
    ficiency .

1816
  Rubin, M., Thomas, R. D., Litovitz, T. A.
    and Geschickter, C. F.  DYNAMICS OF CAL-
    CIUM METABOLISM.  Tr. Conf. Metab. Inter-
    relat., 1953, 5.Conf., 53-71.  Conference
    discussion: p. 64-71.  16 refs.

1817
  Shilling, A. and Laszlo, D.  RATE OF URINARY
    CALCIUM EXCRETION FOLLOWING ITS INTRAVENOUS
    ADMINISTRATION AS AN INDICATOR OF BONE ME-
    TABOLISM.  Proc Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1951,
    78:  286-289.  3 refs.  "Subnormal rates
    were  found  in patients with an increased
    tendency  to bone deposition.   Increased
    rates were  found in  patients with osteoly-
    tic  activity.  The good correlation between
    these data  and metabolic balance studies
    suggests  the usefulness of this test  in
    defining  the state of skeletal activity and
    the  effects of therapy thereon."

1818
  Singer, L.  and Armstrong, W. D.  DIETARY RE-
    STRICTIONS AND MOBILIZATION OF  'STABLE'
    CALCIUM  FRACTION OF  THE SKELETON.  Fed.
    Proc, Bait.,  1953,  12: 268.  An abstract.


1819                                          ._
  Singer, L.  and Armstrong, W. D.  RETENTION AND
    TURNOVER  OF RADIOCALCIUM BY THE SKELETON OF
    LARGE RATS.  Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y.,
    1951, 76: 229-233.   12 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Chem. ABstr.,  1951,  45: 5289°.  Findings
   * suggest  there are  two kinds of skeletal
    calcium,  which differ strongly in  their rate
    of turnover and  in the period  of time over
    which they  fix radiocalcium.
1823
  Tomlin, D.  H.,  Henry,  K.  M.  and Kon,  S.  K.
    AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF CALCIUM ME-
    TABOLISM IN BONES AND TEETH.  Proc Nutrit.
    Soc, Cambr., 1953,  12:  iv.  1 ref. An ab-
    stract .
1824
  Underwood,  E.  [E.],  Fisch,  S.  and Hodge,  H.  C,
    METABOLISM OF CALCIUM IN  NORMAL,  RACHITIC
    AND VITAMIN D-TREATED RATS AS  EVIDENCED BY
    RADIOCALCIUM CA45  STUDIES.   Am. J.  Physiol.,
    1951,  166: 387-393.   21 refs.   Abstracted
    in: BioTT Abstr.,  Bait.,1952,  26: No. 432;
    Nuclear Sc.  Abstr.,  1951, 5: No.  6106.
    "The experiments suggest  tfiat  vitamin D in
    rachitic  rats increases Ca absorption of Ca
    from the  gastro-intestinal tract, aids  in
    mobilizing inorganic P from  organic sources
    and locally accelerates the  mineralization
    of bone.   Active healing  of  rachitic bone,
    as shown  by the upswing in the curve of
    deposition of Ca4*5,  begins between  the  48th
    and 72d hour after the administration of
    the vitamin." - Biol. Abstr.
See:
418	987	1017	1119	1124
1148	1244	1256	1258	1259
1337	1338	1339	1340	1351
1365	1403	1418	1431	1495
1541	1749	1865	2330	2331
2652	2682	2687	2688	2689
2700	2701	2708	2874	2879
2890	2907			
METABOLISM,  INORGANIC - CARBONATE
1825
  Armstrong, W. D.  and Schubert.  J.   STUDIES  ON
    THE TURNOVER OF CARBON IN CALCIFIED  TISSUES.
    Tr. Conf. Metab. Interrelat.,  1949,  l.Conf.,
    77-84.  3 refs.


1826
  Armstrong,  W. D.,  Schubert,  J. and  Lindenbaum,
    A.   DISTRIBUTION OF RADIOACTIVE CARBON AD-
    MINISTERED AS CARBONATE  IN THE BODY  AND EX-
    CRETA OF MATURE RAT.   Proc. Soc.  Exp. Biol.,
    N.  Y., 1948,  68:  233-240.  19  refs.  Ab-
    stracted in:  UEem.  Abstr., 1948,  42: 82926.
1820
  Singer, L., Armstrong, W. D. and Premer, M. L,
    SKELETAL CALCIUM TURNOVER IN NON-GROWING
    RATS.  Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1952,
    80: 643-646.  6 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    ABstr., Bait., 1953, 27- No. 9665; Chem.
    Abstr., 1952, 46: 113*73*.
1821
  Thomas, R. 0., Litovitz, T. A., Rubin, M. I.
    and Geschickter, C. F.  DYNAMICS OF CALCIUM
    METABOLISM.  TIME DISTRIBUTION OF  INTRA-
    VENOUSLY ADMINISTERED RADIOCALCIUM.  Am. J.
    Physiol., 1952, 169: 568-575.  10  refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1953, 27:
    No. 461; Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1953,
    23: No. 659.

1822
  Thomson  D. L.  THE EFFECT OF AGE AND LOW PHOS-
    PHORUS RICKETS ON THE METABOLISM OF CALCIUM43
    IN RATS.  130p.  University of California
    Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley, Calif., 1953.
    (UCRL-2302)  References: p. 83-88.  Ab-
    stracted in: Nuclear Sc. Abstr., 1954, 8:
    No. 997.
1827
  Armstrong, W. D., Schubert, J. and Lindenbaum,
    A.  THE DISTRIBUTION OF RADIOACTIVE CARBON
    (C14) IN A MATURE RAT RECEIVING INTRAPERI-
    TONEAL INJECTIONS OF SODIUM CARBONATE
    LABELLED WITH RADIOACTIVE CARBON (Cl4).   Tr.
    Conf. Metab. Aspects Convalesc., 1947, 16.
    meet., 9-25.  14 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.
    Abstr., 1949, 43: 7567e.

1828
  Armstrong, W. D., Schubert, J. and Lindenbaum,
    A.  FURTHER WORK ON THE UPTAKE OF CARBONI4
    BY BONES AND OTHER TISSUES OF THE RAT.  Tr.
    Conf. Metab. Aspects Convalesc, 1948, 17.
    meet., 67-78.  8 refs.

1829
  Bloom, W., Curtis, H. J. and McLean, F. C.
    DEPOSITION OF C*4 IN BONE.  Science, 1947,
    105: 45.  1 ref.  Autoradiographs indicate
    "that Cl4 injected as carbonate appears pri-
    marily in those areas occupied by pre-exist-
    ing bone.  It does not appear in appreciable
    quantities in the areas of most recently de-
    posited bone salt." 
102
METABOLISM, INORGANIC - CARBONATE  (Con-
  tinued)

1830
  Greulich, R. C. and Leblond, C. P.  RADIOAUTO-
    GRAPHIC VISUALIZATION OF RADIOCARBON IN THE
    ORGANS AND TISSUES OF NEWBORN RATS FOLLOWING
    ADMINISTRATION OF Cl4-LABELLED BICARBONATE.
    Anat. Rec, 1953, 115: 559-585.  2 pi.  24
    refs.  Rats were sacrificed at 4, 24, and
    72 hours after administration of Cl4-
    labelled bicarbonate.  Radioautographic re-
    actions were observed in all organs and
    tissues at the three time intervals.  In
    cartilage cells, the cytoplasm at 4 hours
    showed an intense reaction, at 24 hours the
    cellular reaction was absent but the matrix
    had become reactive, while at 72 hours only
    the matrix remained reactive.  In bones,
    the periosteal trabeculae and the subepi-
    physeal spicules gave sharp reactions at
    4 hours, the reactive areas appearing to
    be displaced inwardly with time.  In in-
    cisor teeth, the layer of pre-dentin im-
    mediately adjacent to the odontoblasts and
    the pre-enamel exhibited a reaction at 4
    hours, the enamel less intense than the
    dentin.  By 72 hours the pre-dentin reaction
    had moved outwards in the dentin itself,
    close to the dentino-enamel junction.

1831
  Romberg, H. L., Davies, R. E. and Wood, D. R.
    THE METABOLISM OF 14C-LABELLED BICARBONATE
    IN THE CAT.  Biochem. J., Lond., 1952, 51:
    351-357.  23 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1953, 27: No. 431.  At the
    end of 5 hours, 80% oTF"the injected Cl4 was
    expired, 3.1% was incorporated in the urea;
    at the end of 4 hours, 6% was present in
    bone  (the carbon of which exchanges rela-
    tively slowly with blood carbonates) and
    about 1% in the blood, the muscles and the
    viscera.
1832
  Nakao, A. and Buchanan, D.  L.   STUDIES ON
    THE PHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS OF BONE CARBONATE.
    Fed. Proc, Bait., 1952,  11: 111-112.  An
    abstract.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1952, 26: No. 20532.
1833
  Skipper, H. E., Nolan,  C. and Simpson,  L.
    STUDIES ON THE HAZARD INVOLVED IN USE OF
    C14.  III. LONG TERM RETENTION IN BONE,
    J. Biol. Chem., 1951, 189: 159-166.   7
    refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,  Bait.,
    1951, 25: No. 22819.   "As judged from
    autoradTographs made from long bones of
    mice injected with NaHCl403, the rate of
    turnover of carbonate C by various areas
    in the bone cross-section may be listed  as
    follows: marrow and epiphyseal cartilage >
    metaphysis of the growing end >epiphysis
    and the non-growing end>bone shaft  (dia-
    physis).  After 4 months the greatest part
    of the injected radioactive carbon can be
    found in the bone.  The approximate  per
    cent of the injected dose retained in the
    skeleton was 0.25 at the end of 24 hours,
    0.03 at the end of 1 month, 0.02 at  the  end
    of 6 months, and 0.01 at the end of  1 year."
METABOLISM, INORGANIC - PHOSPHORUS

  see also METABOLISM, INORGANIC
 1835
   Armstrong,  W.  D.   PHOSPHORUS  METABOLISM IN THE
    SKELETON.   IN:  PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM;  A SYM-
    POSIUM  ON THE  ROLE OF  PHOSPHORUS  IN THE ME-
    TABOLISM  OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS.   (McElroy,
    W.  D. and Glass,  B., eds.)   Bait.,  Johns
    Hopkins Press,  1952, 2:  698-731.   Discus-
    sion: p.  727-731.  113 refs.

 1836
   Armstrong,  W.  D.   TURNOVER OF BONE  MEASURED
    WITH RADIOPHOSPHORUS.  Fed.  Proc.,  Bait.,
    1947, 6:  235.   An abstract.

 1837
   Bernhard, K. and Brubacher, G.   UBER DIE
    BETEILIGUNG DES WACHSENDEN  UND KONSOLI-
    DIERTEN HIRSCHGEWEIHES AM PHOSPHATSTOFF-
    WECHSEL.   EIN  BEITRAG  ZUR KENNTNIS DES
    GEWEIHWACHSTUMS.  Hoppe  Seyler Zschr.,
    1952, 290:  237-246.  5 refs.

 1838
   Caputo, V.,  Strom,  L. and  Tessarolo,  G.
    INFLUENZA DELLA VITAMINA D  SULLA  DISTRI-
    BUZIONE SCHELETRICA DEL  RADIOFOSFORO NELLE
    CAVIE ADULTE.   Clin, ortop.,  Parma,  1953,
    5:  69-71.   3 refs.  Abstracted in:  Excerpta
    med., Sect.  9,  1954, 8:  No.  2152.

 1839
   Chievitz, 0.  and Hevesy, G.   RADIOACTIVE IN-
    DICATORS  IN THE STUDY  OF PHOSPHORUS METABO-
    LISM IN RATS.   Nature, Lond.,  1935,  136:
    754-755.   Data showed  that  a  phosphorus
    atom remains in the organism  about  two
    months.   This  result was interpreted as in-
    dicating  that  the formation of the  bones is
    a dynamic  process involving the continuous
    replacement  of  previously lost atoms.

 1840
   Chievitz,  O. and  Hevesy, G.   STUDIES ON  THE
    METABOLISM OF PHOSPHORUS IN ANIMALS.   Danske
    Videnskab. Selsk. Biol.  Meddel.,  1937,  13:
    No. 9.  24p.  Studies were made in the  nor-
    mal, pregnant and rachitic rat of the  bones,
    incisors,  molars, liver,  foeta and placenta.

1841
  Claassen,  V. and Wbstmann,  B.  S. J.  THE  UP-
    TAKE OF INJECTED RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS IN
    THE SKELETON OF THE GROWING WHITE RAT.   I.
    THE UPTAKE OF INTRAVENOUSLY INJECTED 32p BY
    RACHITIC AND CONTROL ANIMALS DURING  THE
    FIRST 24 HOURS.  Biochim. biophys. acta,
    Amst.,  1953, 12: 432-438.  14 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: CEem. Abstr.,  1954, 48: 2214c.

1842
  Cla,aISeSi  V- and  Wbstmann,  B.  S. J   THE  UP-
    It^^lr INJECTED RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS  IN
    THE SKELETON OF THE  GROWING  WHITE RAT    II
    THE EFFECT OF CALCIFEROL  ON  THE RAPID'uP-
    uAr^ 0Fof2puBY RACHITIC AND  CONTROL ANI-
    12^77  Jm   a bi°phys-  acta> Amst., 1953,
    ATstrTl98354, ^tU^*"™ *»: Chem!


1843
 ♦Claassen,  V. and  Wbstmann,  B  S  T   itdtabtt r.u
    INJECTED RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS IN SS  Sp?5
    TON OF THE GROWING WHITE  RAT   m  SetIbS
    LISM OF  SKELETAL P32 in FxPFRTui«i; ™TABO-



    Hit  i;  £;!?:  »>•**■«*... i»:'ch...-ib.tP.
1834
  Angrist, A. A., Schwarz, A. W.,  Brodie, S. S.
    and Shapiro, A. J.  STUDY OF EARLY PHASES OF
    CALCIFICATION IN BONE WITH RADIOACTIVE PHOS-
    PHORUS.  Bull. Hosp. Joint Dis., N. Y.,  1951,
    12: 87-109.  36 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.
    Abstr., 1953, 47: 751d.
1844
Claassen, V.  and Wostmann,  B. S. J.  UPTAKF
  OF 32p tn THE FEMUR OF GROWING RACHITIC ANT!
  NORMAL RATS AS COMPARED WITH THE UPTAKE IN
  THE TOTAL SKELETON.  Biochim. biophys  act*
  Amst., 1953, 10:  625-626.  8 refs.  Ab-
  stracted in: C*Eem.  Abstr.,  1953, 47: 70fivc 
103
PHOSPHORUS (Con-
METABOLISM, INORGANIC
  tinued)

1845
  Cohn, W. E. and Greenberg, D. M.   STUDIES IN
    MINERAL METABOLISM WITH THE AID  OF ARTIFI-
    CIAL RADIOISOTOPES.   I. ABSORPTION, DISTRI-
    BUTION, AND EXCRETION OF PHOSPHORUS.   J.
    Biol. Chem., 1938, 123: 185-198.  22  refs.
1846                   ---
  Dols, M. J. L., Jansen,  B. C. P.,  Sizoo,  G.J.
    and de Vries, J.  PHOSPHORUS  METABOLISM IN
    NORMAL, RACHITIC AND  "TREATED" RATS.   Na-
    ture, Lond., 1937, 139: 1068.  4 refs.   Ab-
    stracted  in: Chem. ABstr.,  1937,  31:  63099.
    Using radioactive phosphorus  isotopes as
    tracers,  a rapid entrance of  the active
    phosphorus into the bones was perceptible
    in all three groups but no  significant dif-
    ferences  in extent of the deposition  of
    phosphorus were established.
1847
  Dols, M. J. L., Jansen,  B. C. P.,  Sizoo,  G.J.
    and Van der Maas, G.  J.  DISTRIBUTION OF
    PHOSPHORUS IN THE LEG BONES OF CHICKENS.
    Nature, Lond., 1938,  142: 953-954.  2 refs.
    Abstracted in: Chem.  ABstr.,  1939, 33:
    25619.  Both radioactivity measurements
    and radiographs showed that P metabolism
    is greater in the bones of  rachitic chick-
    ens than  in those of  healthy chickens and
    in the same bone greater in the  epiphyseal
    than in the diaphyseal part.
1848
 ♦Engfeldt, B.  BIOPHYSICAL STUDIES  ON BONE
    TISSUE.   II. THE IN VITRO UPTAKE OF RADIO-
    ACTIVE PHOSPHATE IN NORMAL AND PAGET  BONE.
    Acta path, microb. scand.,  1953,  32:  529-
    533.  Abstracted in:  Chem. Abstr., 1953,
    47: 10662e; Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,
    1554, 24: No. 796.
1849
  Engfeldt, B. , EngstrOm,  A. and Zetterstrom, B.
    RENEWAL OF PHOSPHATE  IN BONE  MINERALS.   II.
    RADIOAUTOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF THE  RENEWAL OF
    PHOSPHATE IN DIFFERENT STRUCTURES OF  BONE.
    Biochem.  biophys. acta, Amst., 1952,  8:
    375-380.  9 refs.  "Labelled  phosphate,
    when injected intravenously,  is  unevenly
    distributed in bone tissue.   Radioauto-
    graphic and microradiographic examinations
    have shown that young Haversian  systems have
    the highest uptake of radioactive phosphate.
    When a system becomes older and  the amount
    of mineral salts approaches a maximum value
    the uptake of radioactive phosphate becomes
    very low. The main reason  for the rapid
    initial uptake of labelled  phosphate  can-
    not be the occurrence of surface reactions
    throughout the whole  bone tissue."
1850
  Falkenheim, M. and Hodge, H. C.  PHOSPHATE
    EXCHANGE  IN BONE USING RADIOPHOSPHORUS  IN
    VITRO.  Fed. Proc, Bait., 1946,  5: 133.
    An abstract.
1851
  Hahn, L. A., Hevesy, G.  C. and Lundsgaard,
    E. C.  THE CIRCULATION OF PHOSPHORUS  IN THE
    BODY REVEALED BY APPLICATION OF  RADIOACTIVE
    PHOSPHORUS AS INDICATOR.  Biochem. J.,
    Lond., 1937, 31: 1705-1709.  5 refs.   "The
    ratio between active  and normal  phosphorus
    was found to be highest in the kidney,  in
    the muscles and in the liver, and lowest
    in the bones, especially in the  diaphysis."
1852
 ♦Havermann,  H. and Scharpenseel, H.  W.   UNTER-
    SUCHUNGEN UBER DIE PHOSPHORAUFNAHME UND-
    ABLAGERUNG JUNGER SCHWEINE DURCH ETIKET-
    TIERUNG MIT 32p.  Arch. TierernShr .,  1952,
    2- 327-337.  Abstracted in:, Nutrit. Abstr.,
    Aberdeen, 1953, 23: No. 3253; Chem. Abstr.,
    1953, 47: 12561b.  "Of the total  radio-ac-
    tivity-6*5-84 per cent  was found  in the
    skeleton, 18-93 in the flesh, 4-48 in the
    intestine, 3-5 in the  liver and  smaller
    amounts in the blood,  bristles,  hoof,  skin,
    brain,  heart, lungs,  pancreas, stomach,
    spleen, kidneys and bladder." -  Nutrit.
1853
  Hodge, H. C. and Falkenheim, M.  THE ADSORP-
    TION OF PHOSPHATES BY ENAMEL, DENTIN, AND
    BONE.  II. THE ADSORPTION RATES FROM CON-
    CENTRATED SOLUTION.  J. Biol. Chem., 1945,
    160: 637-638.  1 ref.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    A"Bstr., Bait., 1946, 20: No. 6407; Chem.
    Abstr., 1946, 40: 118*5*.

1854
  Johansson, E. G. and Hodge, H. C.  ADSORPTION
    OF PHOSPHATES BY BONE, DENTIN AND ENAMEL AF-
    TER PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO PHOSPHATE SOLU-
    TIONS AS SHOWN BY THE RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE.
    Fed. Proc, Bait., 1944, 3: 59.  An ab-
    stract.

1855
  Johansson, E. G., Falkenheim, M. and Hodge,
    H. C.  THE ADSORPTION OF PHOSPHATES BY
    ENAMEL, DENTIN, AND BONE.  I. ADSORPTION
    TIME STUDIED BY MEANS OF THE RADIOACTIVE
    ISOTOPE.  J. Biol. Chem., 1945, 159 129-
    134.   "Powdered bone, dentin, ancPenamel
    adsorb marked phosphates from neutral so-
    lutions of sodium acid phosphate at 40°C.
    Increasing amounts of marked phosphate are
    adsorbed by each of these tissues with in-
    creasing exposure times (at least up to 64
    hours).  Up to 16 hours exposure time, the
    tissues adsorb phosphate in the order of
    bone >dentin >enamel.  This order is found
    to be  reversed at 64 hours."

1856
  LeFevre,  M.  L.  and Bale, W.  F.   INORGANIC
    PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF RAT BONES AND
    TEETH AS INDICATED BY THE RADIOACTIVE
    ISOTOPE.  J.  Dent. Res., 1939,  18:  265.
    An abstract.

1857
  Manly, M. L. and Bale, W. F.   THE METABOLISM
    OF INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS OF RAT BONES AND
    TEETH AS INDICATED BY THE RADIOACTIVE ISO-
    TOPE.  J.  Biol. Chem., 1939,  129:  125-134.
    10 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.  Abstr.,
    Bait.,  1939,  13:  No. 14547;  Chem.  Abstr.,
    1939, 33:  7364*5.

1858
  Manly, R. S., Hodge, H. C. and Manly,  M.  L.
    THE RELATION  OF THE PHOSPHORUS  TURNOVER OF
    THE BLOOD TO THE MINERAL METABOLISM OF THE
    CALCIFIED TISSUES AS SHOWN BY RADIOACTIVE
    PHOSPHORUS.  J. Biol. Chem.,  1940,  134:
    293-299.  3 refs.  Abstracted in:  BioT.
    Abstr., Bait., 1940, 14: No.  13093;  Chem.
    Abstr., 1940,  34: 59573.

1859
  Monetti,  G.   IL F0SF0R0 ACinoSOLUBILE DELL'-
    OSSO RACHTTICO.  Vitaminologia, 1942, 1;
    155-160.  1 ref.

1860
  Percival, W. L.  and Leblond,  C. P.   RAPID EX-
    CHANGE OF THE BONE SALTS IN NEWBORN RAT AS
    DEMONSTRATED WITH RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS.
    Rev. canad. biol., 1948, 7:  217-235.  4 pi.
    13 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.  Abstr.,
    1948, 42:  5978<";  Nuclear Sc Abstr., 1948,
    1: NO.T058.

1861
  Polonovski,  M.  and Cartier, P.  LE PHOSPHORE
    DANS L'ORGANISME.  Bull. Soc. sc. hyg.
    aliment.,  Par., 1951, 39: 238-248.  A review
    of the role of phosphorus in animal life,
    which discusses phosphorus distribution in
    the tissues (including the calcified tissues)
    and the metabolism of the phosphates and
    phosphorylated derivatives.
1862
  Shimotori,  N.  and Morgan,  A.  F.  MECHANISM OF
    VITAMIN D  ACTION IN DOGS SHOWN BY RADIOAC-
    TIVE PHOSPHORUS.   J. Biol.  Chem.,  1943, 147:
    201-210.   14  refs. 
104
METABOLISM, INORGANIC
  tinned)
PHOSPHORUS (Con-
1863
  Smith, A. H., Kleiber, M,, Black, A. L.,
    Edick, M., Robinson, R. R. and Heitman,
    H., Jr.  DISTRIBUTION OF INTRAVENOUSLY IN-
    JECTED RADIO-ACTIVE PHOSPHORUS (P32) AMONG
    SWINE TISSUES.  J. Animal Sc., 1951, 10:
    893-901.  5 refs.  "In the younger animals,
    much of the administered phosphate is de-
    posited in the bone, leaving  little to be
    distributed among the soft tissues.  In
    older animals, however, little of the phos-
    phate is deposited in the bone, consequently
    more of the injected dose is available for
    distribution among the soft tissues.  Thus,
    the standard specific activity of the tis-
    sues tends to increase with increasing age."

1864
  Steenbock, H. and Bunkfeldt, R.  THE EFFECT OF
    A VITAMIN D-FREE FAT ON THE ABSORPTION AND
    RETENTION OF PHOSPHORUS.  Arch. Biochem.,
    N. Y., 1951, 32: 309-316.  34 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: BTol. Abstr., Bait., 1952, 26:
    No. 430; Chem. Abstr., 1952,  46: 1633c.
    "It follows that data on calcification of
    bone cannot always be used as a criterion of
    the over-all state of P equilibrium in the
    animal."

1865
  Taylor, T. G.  P EXCHANGE IN NEW MEDULLARY
    BONE OF LAYING PULLETS.  J. Bone Surg.,
    1953, 35B: 495.  From proceedings and
    reports of Bone and Tooth Soc., Casual
    Communications, meeting, 21 January 1953.
    Pullets were fed p32 continuously for peri-
    ods from  14 to 27 days.  After laying, each
    bird was  killed and the specific activity
    of P in old (cortical) bone was found to
    vary between 6.7% and  15.7% of that of new
     (medullary) bone.   In  rats fed Ca45 for 14
    days,  the bones of  one-month-old rats showed
     15% exchange of Ca.of  six-month rats 8% and
    of  nine-month  rats  5%.

1866
  Wojta, H.  BEITRAG ZUM PHOSPHORSTOFFWECHSEL IN
    KNOCHENTRANSPLANTATEN.  EINE  EXPERIMENTELLE
    STUDIE MIT VERWENDUNG DES RADIOAKTIVEN ISO-
    TOPS P32.  Arch. klin. Chir.,  1953, 277:
    394-416.   17 refs.  Abstracted in: CEem.
    Abstr., 1954,  48: 46756.

1867
   Zambelli, E.  and Campi,  L.  LA  DISTRIBUZIONE
    DEL RADIOFOSFORO  NELLA SOMMINISTRAZIONE
     INTRAPERITONEALE  ED ORALE E LE VARIAZIONI
     METABOLICHE IN RAPPORTO ALLA  DOSE  RADIANTE.
    Arch.  sc.  med.,  Tor.,  1953, 96: 770-797.
     24 refs.   Abstracted  in: Chem. Abstr.,
     1954,  48:  4018a.
See:
551	629	988	1185	1260
1264	1300	1351	1460	1503
1749	1803	1804	1807	1977
2002	2331	2688	2689	2772
2907	2923			
METABOLISM, INORGANIC - SODIUM
1868
  Bauer, G. C. H.  LONG TERM REDISTRIBUTION OF
    BONE SODIUM STUDIED IN RATS BY MEANS OF NA22
    RADIO-AUTOGRAPHY.  Acta orthop. scand., 1954,
    23:  192-197.  10 refs.

1 QgQ
' Edelman,  I.  S., James, A. H.  and Moore,  F. D.
    THE  LOCATION AND THE TURNOVER OF THE SODIUM
    OF BONE.  Tr. Conf. Metab.  Interrelat.,
    1952, 4.Conf., 240-247.  Conference discus-
    sion: p. 245-247.  9 refs.
1870
  Miller, H. and Wilson, G. M.  THE MEASUREMENT
    OF EXCHANGEABLE SODIUM IN MAN USING THE
    ISOTOPE 24NA   clln  s    Lond:, 1953, 12:
    97-111.  24 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.
    Abstr., 1954, 48; 2208b.  Gastric juice,
    skin, muscle, spleen, rib and cerebro-
    spinal fluid were studied.  In rib about
    1/4 of the bone sodium is available for
    exchange.  In man slightly less that 1/3 of
    the total exchangeable sodium is in bone.

1871
  Odeblad, E. and Bostrom, H.  AN AUTORADIO-
    GRAPHIC STUDY OF THE INCORPORATION OF
    SULFUR35-LABELED SODIUM SULFATE IN DIFFERENT
    ORGANS OF ADULT RATS AND RABBITS.  Acta
    path, microb. scand., 1952, 31: 339-344.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr. ,"~T953, 47: 7336.

See:

  239


METABOLISM, ORGANIC

  see also METABOLISM

1872
  Albright, F., Bartter, F. C, Dempsey, E. F.,
    Forbes, A. P., Henneman,  P. H.  and Reifen-
    stein, E. C, Jr.   SERUM  ALBUMIN AND BONE
    MATRIX.  Tr. Conf.  Metab.  Interrelat.,
    1953, 5.Conf., 277-305.   Conference discus-
    sion: p. 302-305.   9 refs.

1873
  CITRIC ACID METABOLISM IN BONE.  Nutrit.
    Rev., 1953, 11: 118-120.  The experimental
    literature on the role of citric acid in
    metabolism is reviewed and from the ob-
    servations made it  is "concluded that the
    increased concentrations of citrate made
    available at sites  of new bone formation
    facilitate the deposition of calcium.  On
    the other hand, citrate may, by binding
    calcium, limit its  availability, for deposi-
    tion in bone, or... in excess, may act to
    mobilize calcium and by this means cause
    dissolution of bone."

1874
  Class, R. N. and Smith, A. H.  THE SKELETON
    AS A SOURCE OF ENDOGENOUS CITRIC ACID.  J.
    Biol. Chem., 1943,  151: 363-368.  12 refs.
    Abstracted in: Chem7~Abstr., 1944, 38:
    1551^.  "On the basis of studies of"~the
    citric acid balance and of analysis of bone
    of pair-fed rats... the excess citric acid
    excreted by the kidney after the administra-
    tion of sodium bicarbonate and sodium ma-
    late does not originate in the skeleton, but
    is a product of intermediary metabolism."
1875

  ^^o't^Vt^F0^010 METABOLISM OF TISSUE
    CELLS IN VITRO.  Nature, Lond., 1948, 161-
    i°°?A^Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect.
    2, 1949, 2: No. 705.  For cultivation in
    vitro of myo- and osteoblasts it was found
    that cystine is the most essential of the
    amino-acids and that arginine tryptophane,
    glutamine and lysine in descending order
    are of next importance
1876
  Forbes, A. P.  STUDIES ON THE RELATION OF
    THE SERUM ALBUMIN TO THE FORMATION OF
    BONE MATRIX   J.  Clin. Invest., ™47, 26-
    1181.  An abstract.                   ——

1877
  Gomori, G. and Gulyas, E.  EFFECT OF PARFNT
    ERALLY ADMINISTERED CITRATE ON THE RENAI
    EXCRETION OF CA.   Proc. Soc. Exp  Biol
    N. Y., 1944, 56:  226-228.  8 refs.  "Rel
    peated subcutaneous injections of citrate
    into puppies and  young rats lead to bone
    changes similar to  those produced by large
    doses of parathyroid hormone." 
105
METABOLISM, ORGANIC  (Continued)
1878
  Heinz, E., MUller, E. and Rominger, E.  CITRO-
    NESAURE UND RACHITIS.  Zschr. Kinderh.,
    1947, 65: 101-113.  22 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1948-49, 18: No.
    2184.  A review of pertinent literature and
    discussion of the role of citric acid in
    calcium metabolism and its antirachitic
    action.

1879
 ♦Leijnse, B.  ENKELE ASPECTEN VAN DE KOOL-
    HYDRAATSTOFWISSELING VAN VERBENEND WEEFSEL.
    85p.  Utrecht,  1952.   (Thesis-Rijks Univ.)
    Abstracted in:  Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1953,
    27: No. 8917.

1880
  Monaci, M. and Serneri,  G. N.  ISTOPATOLOGIA
    DELL'ACCRESCIMENTO OSSEO NELL'ACCUMULO
    SPERIMENTALE LIPIDICO  E PROTIDICO  (IN
    RIFERIMENTO AGLI  IPOEVOLUTISMI SCHELETRICI
    NELLE  TESAURISHOSI).   Arch. De Vecchi,
    1952,  18: 421-454.   61 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Excerpta med., Sect. 5, 1953, 6:  No.
    3440.

 1881
  Tira, P.  L.  L'INFLUENZA DELLA  IPOPROTEINEMIA
    SULLA  OSTEOGENESI  RIPARATRICE DELLE FRAT-
    TURE.   (RICERCHE  SPERIMENTALI.)  Arch.
    ortop.,  1952,  65:  63-82.   71  refs.  Ab-
    stracted  in: Excerpta  med., Sect.  9,  1953,
    7:  No.  7168.

 1882
  Van Middlesworth, L.   METHIONINE METABOLISM
    OF  HEALING BONE FRACTURES.  Arch. Biochem.,
    N.  Y.,  1953, 43:  458-462.   12 refs.   Ab-
    stracted  in: C"Eem. Abstr.,  1953, 47:9468e;
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,  1953,  23*7 No.
    4632.   Rats with  one fractured fTBula were
    given  intraperitoneal  injections of S35
    methionine, as  a  tracer, and  the protein
    metabolism of  both fibulae  was studied 3
    hours  later.   The protein  of  the fractured
    bones  contained 3  to 5 times more  S35 than
    the control bones, in  vivo  and in vitro.

See:

  165       924       1255

 NEURAL  INFLUENCES


 1883
  Armstrong, W. D.  BONE GROWTH IN PARALYZED
    LIMBS.  Proc Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1946,
    61: 358-362.  Abstracted in: J.  Dent. Res.,
    T9*46,  25: 157;  Biol. Abstr., 1946, 20: No.
    17628.
 1884
  Armstrong, W. D.  SKELETAL ATROPHY FOLLOWING
    NERVE  SECTION.  Tr.  Conf.  Metab. Aspects
    Convalesc, 1945,  11 .meet., 110-133.  5
    refs.
 1885
  Asher, L. and Dirr, C. T.  INVESTIGATIONS ON
    THE TROPHIC INFLUENCE  OF THE SYMPATHETIC ON
    TISSUES, ESPECIALLY ON BONE.  Confinia neur.,
    Basel,  1939, 2: 306-312.   "The influence of
    the sympathetic on bone was investigated by
    ultraviolet irradiation of  extremities of
    young rabbits with and without sympathetic
    innervation.  On  the normal side, a greater
    enhancement of  bone growth  was observed, and
    the contours of the bones were more even.
    The uneveness of the contours on the  side
    without sympathetic suggests a tendency for
    less resistance.   ...  The  facts observed
    offer new proofs for the trophic function
    of  the sympathetic"

1886
  Bisgard,  J. D.   EFFECT OF SYMPATHETIC GANGLI0-
    NECTOMY UPON BONE GROWTH.  Proc. Soc. Exp.
    Biol.,  N. Y.,  1931, 29: 229-230.  4 refs.
1887
  Bisgard, J. D.  LONGITUDINAL BONE GROWTH; THE
    INFLUENCE OF SYMPATHETIC DEINNERVATION.
    Ann. Surg., 1933, 97: 374-380.  20 refs.

1888
  Coppo, M.  INVESTIGATIONS ON THE MINERAL COM-
    POSITION OF BONES.  RESULTS, CONCLUSIONS.
    Arch, internat. pharm. dyn., Par., 1935,
    50: 328-331.  6 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    ABstr., Bait., 1936, 10: No. 18583.  "De-
    nervation resulted in a loss in mineral
    content of the bone and a diminution of the
    Ca and Mg.  Immobilization, stasis, ischemia,
    and a muscle-abscess had no effect on bone
    composition." _ Biol. Abstr.

1889
  Coppo, M. and Calamaro, S.  SULL'INFLUENZA
    DELL'INNERVAZIONE SULLA COMPOSIZIONE MINERALE
    DELLE OSSA; NUOVE RICERCHE SPERIMENTALI.
    Sperimentale, 1942, 96: 503-513.  27 refs.
1890
  Corbin, K. B. and Hensey, J. C.  INFLUENCE
    OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM ON BONES AND JOINTS.
    Anat. Rec, 1939, 75: 307-317.  33 refs.
    "Because the structure of the skeletal
    parts may be maintained in a normal con-
    dition for over 3 years following complete
    denervation, we conclude that bone and
    joints are not supplied with nerves having
    a specific trophic function."
1891
  Dbring, G. and Schaefer, V.  UBER DEN SCHWUND
    DER WACHSTUMSFUGEN NACH NERVEN- UND KNOCHEN-
    VERLETZUNG.  Deut. Zschr. Nervenh., 1947,
    158: 211-233.  20 refs.
1892
  Fell, W. A.  THE EFFECT OF SYMPATHECTOMY ON THE
    SIZE OF HAVERSIAN CANALS OF CAT.  J.  Anat.,
    Lond., 1949, 83:  67-68.  An abstract.

1893
  Ferrannini, A.  AZIONE DELLA GANGLIECTOMIA
    SULLA COMPOSIZIONE MINERALE DELLE OSSA.
    RICERCHE SPERIMENTALE.  Pathologica,
    Genova, 1935, 27: 777-780.  21 refs.
    Abstracted in: C*Eem. Abstr., 1936, 30: 18513.

1894
 ♦Fontaine, R., Mandel, P. and Ebel-Gries, [A.]
    SECTION DU SCIATIQUE ET CONSTITUTION BIO-
    CHIMIQUE DE L'OS; ETUDE EXPERIMENTALE.  Rev.
    neur., Par., 1952, 87: 632-634.
1895
  Gullickson, G., Kubicek, W. G. and Kottke,
    F. J.  EFFECTS OF STIMULATION OF LUMBAR
    SYMPATHETIC NERVES ON LONGITUDINAL BONE
    GROWTH IN DOGS.  Fed. Proc, Bait., 1951,
    10: 56.  An abstract.
1896
  Holtzer, H.  AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE
    DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPINAL COLUMN.  I. RES-
    PONSE OF PRECARTILAGE CELLS TO SIZE VARIA-
    TIONS OF THE SPINAL CORD.  J. Exp. Zool.,
    1952, 121: 121-148.  43 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1953, 27: No.
    9970.  "That the diameter of the spinal
    canal is dependent upon the diameter of the
    spinal cord was demonstrated by altering
    the diameter of the latter...  A critical
    mass of neural tissue, approximately 25%
    of its normal regional value, is prerequi-
    site to the normal modeling of the verte-
    brae and its processes."
1897
  Holtzer, H. and Detwiler, S. R.  AN EXPERI-
    MENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
    SPINAL COLUMN.  III. INDUCTION OF SKELETO-
    GENOUS CELLS.  J. Exp. Zool., 1953, 123:
    335-369.  pi.  48 refs.  Abstracted Tn7
    Excerpta med., Sect. 1, 1954, 8: No. 824.
    Study made on Amblystoma punctatum.  Re-
    sults indicate that the neural axis func-
    tions in the induction of the vertebral
    column and in establishing the somite
    growth centers. 
106
NEURAL INFLUENCES (Continued)
1898
  Hurrell, D. J.  THE NERVE SUPPLY OF BONES.
    J. Anat., Lond., 1937, 72: 54-61.  pi.  13
    refs.   "Nerve fibres were traced into and
    along  the Haversian canals of adult bone
    and into the bone matrix.  Their distribu-
    tion,  characters and endings in the bone
    matrix are described.  Some fibres end
    blindly in the bone matrix, some in close
    relation with the bone cells.  A sugges-
    tion is put forward tentatively that the
    nerve  fibres found may be the two ends of
    a reflex arc governing bone growth and
    maintenance."

1899
  Key, J.  A. and Moore, R. M.  HEALING OF FRAC-
    TURES, OF DEFECTS IN BONE AND OF DEFECTS IN
    CARTILAGE AFTER SYMPATHECTOMY.  Arch. Surg.,
    1933,  26: 272-279.  18 refs.

1900
  Kuvatov, G. G. and Rusakov, A. V.  REGENERAT-
    SIIA KOSTNOI TKANI PRI VYKLIUCHENII NERVNYKH
    TSENTROV.   [OSSEOUS TISSUE REGENERATION WITH
    THE NERVE CENTERS CUT OFF]  Arkh. biol. nauk,
    1936, 42: No. 3, 49-51.   4 refs.  Dogs were
    used in  this study.

1901
  McMaster,  P.  E. and Roome,  N. W.  EFFECT OF
    SYMPATHECTOMY ON BONE REPAIR.  Proc. Soc
    Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1932,  30: 123-124.  2
    refs.  Experiments with  dogs.

1902
  Mandel, P., Fontaine, R.,  Ebel-Gries, A. and
    Vogeleisen, A.  ETUDE SUR LA CONSTITUTION
    BIOCHIMIQUE DE L'OS APRES SECTION DU NERF
    SCIATIQUE,  CHEZ LE RAT.   C. rend. Soc.
    biol.,  1952, 146: 123-125.  Abstracted in:
    Chem. Abstr. ,""T*"52, 46:  11396a.

1903
  ♦Mastromarino, A.  NERVI  PERIFERICI E CALLO
    OSSEO.   Arch, ortop.,  Milano,  1938, 54: 572-
     595.

1904
  Pisa, M.   LE  GLICEROFOSFATASI  PLASMATICHE NEI
    PROCESSI DI DEMINERALIZZAZIONE OSSEA DA
    NEVRECTOMIA.  Sperimentale,  1935, 89: 76-
    81.   In rabbits,  sciatic and cruraT-neu-
    rectomy which caused demineralization and
    decreased bone  phosphatase  activity were
    also  accompanied  by marked hypophospha-
     tasemia.

1905
  Prina,  C.  and Grignani,  L.   STUDIO SULLA COM-
    POSIZIONE MINERALE  DELLE OSSA  IN DIVERSE
    CONDIZIONI  SPERIMENTALI.   Boll.  Soc. ital.
    biol.  sper.,  1949,  25:  1082-1084.  6 refs.
     In dogs after sciatic  neurectomy the leg
    bones showed  decreased  calcium and ash  and
     increased magnesium content.   This change
     in the  mineral  composition  could be ex-
    plained by  functional  inactivity and conse-
    quent circulatory disturbances.

1906
  Riley,  R.  F., McCleary,  B. and Johnson, R. E.
    DENERVATION ATROPHY OF BONE AND MUSCLE.  AN
    EXAMINATION ON  THE  EFFECT OF CHOLINE AND
    SOME  FURTHER  OBSERVATIONS ON THE METABOLISM
    OF PHOSPHORYLCHOLINE AND DEPOSITION OF  P32
     IN BONE.  Am. J.  Physiol.,  1945,  143: 677-
    686.   20 refs.  Abstracted  in:  Biol. Abstr.,
     1946,  20: No. 619;  Chem. Abstr.,  1945,  39:
    38443.


19Schiller   M  A.   BONE CHANGES IN THE CAT  IN
    EXPERIMENTALLY  PRODUCED INJURY TO  THE PERI-
    PHERAL  NERVES.   J.  Bone Surg., 1948,  30A:
    469-473   23  refs.   Abstracted in: Excerpta
    med.,  Sect. 2,  1949,  2:  No.  5200.
1908
  Simon, R.  INNERVATION SYMPATHIQUE £T CROIS-
    SANCE .  C. rend. Soc. biol., 1930, 103: ™y-
    710.  1 ref.

1909
  Sousa Pereira.  A INFLUENCIA DA SIMPATICEOTOMIA
    SOBRE O CRESCIMENTO DOS OSSOS (ESTUDO  EXPERI-
    MENTAL).   Impr. m€d., Lisb., 1937, 3:  165-
    167.

1910
 ♦Strudel, G.  L'INFLUENCE MORPHOGENE  DU TUBE
    NERVEUX SUR LA DIFFERENCIATION  DE  LA C0L0NNE
    VERTEBRALE.   C. rend. Soc.  biol.,  1953,  147:
    132-133.   Abstracted  in:  Excerpta  med., ~
    Sect. 1, 1954, 8:  No. 1039.

1911
  Tower, S. S.  TROPHIC CONTROL OF  NON-NERVOUS
    TISSUES BY THE NERVOUS SYSTEM:  A STUDY OF
    MUSCLE AND BONE INNERVATED  FROM AN ISOLATED
    AND QUIESCENT REGION  OF SPINAL  CORD.   J.
    Comp. Neur.,  1937, 67: 241-261.  3 pi.  16
    refs.  Abstracted  in: Biol.  Abstr., Bait.,
    1938, 12:  No. 721.  Under the experimental
    conditions of this study, bones were of nor-
    mal length and general configuration but
    deficient  in  thickness.   Structures for
    attachment of muscles were  particularly de-
    ficient.   It  was concluded  that muscle ac-
    tion determines the thickness and  detail
    but not the length or form  in the  postnatal
    development of bone.

1912
  Troitskii, V. V.  K VOPROSU 0  VOZDEISTVII NA
    TEMP RAZVITIIA KOSTNOI MOZOLI;  KRATKOE
    SOOBSHCHENIE  OB EKSPERIMENTAL'NOM  ISSLEDO-
    VANII.  [INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS STIMULATIONS
    OF PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ON THE RATE  OF
    DEVELOPMENT OF CALLUS; EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES]
    Ortop. travmat., Kharkov, 1940, 14: No. 4,
    27-32.
1913
  Winick, M.   THE ANTAGONISTIC ACTION  OF NERVE
    AND BONE IN A BALANCE OF  TISSUE EXISTING  IN
    THE LIMBS  OF  ADULT NEWTS  DURING THE PROCESS
    OF REGENERATION.  Anat. Rec, 1952, 113:
    598.  An abstract.

1914
  Zazybin, N.  INNERVATSIIA KHRIASHCHEVOI
    TKANI.  [THE  INNERVATION  OF  CARTILAGE
    TISSUE]  Arch. russ. anat.,  1931,  21:
    ser. B, 327-342.  19 refs.   EnglisE"~sum-
    mary, p. 372-373.
1915
  Zinn, C. J.  and Griffith,  J. Q.   jr   EFFECT
    OF SYMPATHECTOMY UPON BLOOD  SUPPLY OF  BONE.
    Proc. Soc. Exp.  Biol., N. Y., 1941, 46:
    311-312.   5 refs.  "On the fifth dayTol-
    lowing lumbar sympathectomy, the blood sup-
    ply to the tibia in the rat  is  decreased.
    This paradoxical effect  may  be  the result of
    disproportionately greater dilation of the
    vessels in soft tissues."
1916
  Zollinger, R.  EFFECT OF LUMBAR GANGLIONECTOMY
    UPON REPAIR OF BONE; EXPERIMENTAL  STUDY
    Am. J. Surg., 1933, 20:  70-76.  11 refs'
See:
478
841
510
857
518
1419
795
1558
820
1717
NUTRITIONAL INFLUENCE
1917
  Armstrong,  W.  D.   INFLUENCE OF NUTRITIONAL
    FACTORS ON SKELETAL ATROPHY FROM DISUSE ANT)
    ON NORMAL BONES OF MATURE RATS.  J. Nutrit
    1948, 35: 597-609.  16 refs.w Abstracted in-
    Chem. ABstr., 1948, 42:  5518h; Biol  Abstr  '
    Bait., 1949, 23: No."567. 
107
NUTRITIONAL INFLUENCE  (Continued)
1918
  Barnes, L. L., Sperling, G. and McCay, C. M.
    BONE GROWTH IN NORMAL AND RETARDED GROWTH
    RATS.  J. Geront., 1947, 2: 240-243.  1 ref.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1948, 42:
    2667e; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1948, 2*27 No.
    5797.                             —

1919
  Bonting, S. L.  THE EFFECT OF A PROLONGED IN-
    TAKE OF PHOSPHORIC ACID AND CITRIC ACID IN
    RATS.  97p.  Haarlem, EnschedS, 1952.
    (Thesis-Amsterdam).  Literature cited: p. 93-
    97.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1953, 27: No. 24613..  Bone and teeth were
    among TEe tissues studied.
1920
 ♦Bunkfeldt, R. and Steenbock, H.  THE EFFECT OF
    DIETARY FAT ON BONE CALCIFICATION IN THE
    GROWING RAT.  J. Nutrit.,  1943, 25: 479-48a
    Abstracted  in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1943,
    17:  No.  21330; Chem. Abstr., 1943,  37:
    4T081.

1921
  Follis, R. H.,  Jr.  NUTRITION AND BONE DIS-
    EASE.   J. Mount Sinai  Hosp. N. York,  1949,
    16:  1-13.   13 refs.  A  brief review of  the
    "Fundamentals  of normal  bone growth  and  a
    description of  the  changes in  bones re-
    sulting  from  nutritional deficiencies.

1922
  Hansen, A. E.,  Palmer,  L. S. and Nelson,  J. W.
    COMPOSITION OF  BONE IN EXTREME OSTEOPOROSIS
    ASSOCIATED  WITH HEPATOMA.  Proc.  Soc.  Exp.
    Biol.,  N.  Y.,  1940, 43: 206-207.   5 refs.

1923
  Kohman, E. F.  OXALIC ACID IN FOODS AND ITS
    BEHAVIOR AND  FATE IN THE DIET.  J.  Nutrit.,
    1939,  18:  233-246.   pi.  7 refs.  Ab-
    stracted! in:  Chem.  Abstr., 1939,  33:  87106;
    Biol. Abstr.,  Bait.,  1939, 13: No.  16459.
    "If to  a diet of  meat,  peas,  carrots  and
    sweet potatoes... spinach is added  to the
    extent  of  about 8% to supply 60% of the
    calcium,  a high percentage of deaths  oc-
    curs among  rats fed between the  age of 21
    and 90  days.   Reproduction is impossible.
    The bones  are low in calcium and tooth
    structure  is  disorganized.  Spinach not
    only supplies no  available calcium but
    renders unavailable considerable of that
    <jf the  other  foods."
1924
LEDDBRUSKENS ERNAERING OG FUNKSJONSVEKSLINGER.
  (An editorial).  Tskr. Norske laegeforen.,
  1952, 72: 164-165.  6 refs.
1925
Mackenzie, C. G. and McCollum, E. V.  SOME EF-
  FECTS OF DIETARY OXALATE ON THE RAT.  Am. J.
  Hve   1937, 25: 1-10.  14 refs.  Abstracted
  in: Biol. Abitr., Bait., 1937, 11: No  18483;
  Chem. Abstr., 1937, 31: 26559. The effect
  of oxalate on growth, bone formation and
  calcium excretion was studied.
1926
Malan  A  I   DIET AND OSTEODYSTROPHIC DI-
  SEASES' IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS.  South Afr. M
  j   1940  14- 261-264.  Abstracted in: Biol.
  Abstr., Baft'., 1941, 15: No. 12628.  "Bone
  atrophy and its acuteTorm, osteoporosis,
  result primarily from increased bone re-
  sorption, which invariably takes place in
  animals receiving a diet deficient in any
  one or more of its nutrients, organic as
  well as inorganic.  It has still to be
  shown that these 2 diseases, whatever their
  cause, do not always fundamentally result
  from a disturbance in the metabolism of Ca
  or P, or both."
1Q07                             *
 ♦Marek,  J.,  Wellmann,  0.  and Urbanyi,  L.  DIE
    AUSWIRKUNG VON VERSCHIEDENEN ZUSAMMENGESETZ-
    TEN NAHRUNGSSTOFFEN AUF DIE AUSNUTZUNG DER
    NAHRSTOFFE UND AUF DIE KNOCHENENTWICKLUNG.
    Math, naturwiss. Anz.  ungar. Akad.  Wiss.,
    1942, 61: 669-673.  Abstracted in:  Chem.
    Abstr .TT.945,  39: 33369.

1928
  Mellanby, E.  THE RICKETSPRODUCING AND ANTI-
    CALCIFYING ACTION OF PHYTATE.  J. Physiol.,
    Lond.,  1949, 109: 488-533.  2 pi.  33 refs.
    Abstracted inTTiutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,
    1949-50,  19: No. 3325.

1929
  Nakajima, T. and Sugita, T.  [ON THE  INFLUENCE
    OF THE FEED UPON BONES.  II. ON THE INFLUENCE
    OF UNPOLISHED RICE UPON BONES]  Jap. J. Vet.
    Sc, 1950, 12: 23-30.  5 refs.  English sum-
    mary.  Abstracted in:  Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1953,  27: No. 9038.

1930                                     ^
  Rich§t, C. and Meyer, R.  CONTRIBUTION A
    L'ETUDE DES ANTI-ALIMENTS.  Rev. path, comp.,
    Par.,  1949, 49: 576-578.  The feeding of
    Rumex  to rats without the addition  of an
    excess of CaCo2 led to depletion of calcium
    in the bones.

1931
  Sanfilippo, G.  LA CALCEMIA E LA COMPOSIZIONE
    CHIMICA DELLE OSSA DURANTE LA SOMMINISTRAZI-
    0NE  PROLUNGATA DEL SUCCO DI AGLIO.   Boll.
    Soc ital. biol. sper., 1946, 22: 282-283.
    Abstracted  in: Biol. Abstr., BaTt., 1948,
    22:  No.  13866; Chem. Abstr., 1947,  41: 528^.

1932
  Saxton,  J. A., Jr. and Silberberg, M.  SKELETAL
    GROWTH AND AGEING IN RATS RECEIVING COMPLETE
    OR RESTRICTED DIETS.  Am. J. Anat., 1947, 81:
    445-467.  4 pi.  17 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol.  Abstr., Bait., 1948, 22: No.  10918.

1933
  Shohl, A.  T.  RELATION OF NUTRITION TO GROWTH
    OF BONE.  Tr. Am. Pediat. Soc,  1938, 50:
    39-40.   Also in: Am. J. Dis. Child., 19*3*8,
    56:  702-703.

1934
  Silberberg, M. and Silberberg, R.  CHANGES IN
    CARTILAGE AND BONE OF IMMATURE FEMALE GUINEA
    PIGS DUE TO UNDERNOURISHMENT WITH CONSIDERA-
    TION OF  THE PROCESSES OF REPAIR FOLLOWING A
    PERIOD OF REFEEDING.  Arch. Path.,  Chic,
    1940,  30: 675-688.  10 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol.  ABstr., Bait.,  1941, 15: No.  2039;
    Nutrit.  Abstr.,  Aberdeen, 19T0-41,  10: No.
    3636.
1935
  Slinger, S. J., Motzok,  I.  and  Pepper, W. F.
    THE  EFFECT  OF  SALT, MANGANESE, AND A.P.F.
    SUPPLEMENTS ON GROWTH AND BONE  FORMATION
    IN POULTS.  Poultry Sc.,  1951,  30:  153-
    156.  4  refs.  Abstracted in: Ch*em. Abstr.,
    1951,  45: 9634c.

 1936
  ♦Smith, S.  E.  NEW  FACTS ON  BONE FORMATION.
    Am.  Miller  and  Processor,  1944,  72:  71.

1937
  ♦Theopold,  W.  and  Hennig,  W.  UEBER DIE WIRKUNG
    VON  K0MPLEX EM CALCIUMCITRAT AUF DEN OR-
    GANISMUS.   Mschr.  Kinderh.,  1950,  98:  311-
    313.

 1938
  Towey, J.  P.   INFLUENCE OF  SOME NUTRITIONAL
    FACTORS  ON  THE  ASH CONTENT,  BREAKING STRESS,
    AND  ELASTICITY  OF RAT BONES.   153p.   Roches-
    ter  1952.   (Diss.-Univ.  Minn.)  Abstracted
    in:  Biol. Abstr.,  Bait.,  1953,  27:  No.  9667. 
NUTRITIONAL INFLUENCE (Continued)
108
1939
  Wolbach, S. B. and Hegsted, D. M.  PEROSIS.
    EPIPHYSEAL CARTILAGE IN CHOLINE AND MAN-
    GANESE DEFICIENCIES IN THE CHICK.  A.M.A.
    Arch. Path., 1953, 56: 437-453.  25 refs.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1954, 48:
    3490f; Excerpta med. , Sect. 5, 1954"7~7:
    No. 1086.
1940
  Yeager, R. and Winters, J. C.  EFFECT OF DE-
    FICIENT DIETS ON THE TOTAL ASH, CALCIUM AND
    PHOSPHORUS CONTENT OF BONES.  J. Nutrit.,
    1935, 10: 389-397.  6 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Chem. ABstr., 1936, 30: 1381; Nutrit.
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 1933-36, 5: No. 4223.

1941
  Zucker, L. M. and Zucker, T. F.  SPECIFIC AND
    NONSPECIFIC NUTRITIONAL EFFECTS AS ILLUS-
    TRATED IN BONE.  Am. J. Physiol., 1946, 146:
    593-599.  10 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.
    Abstr., 1946, 40: 61464.
See:
226
1143
268
1491
414
1768
428
1131
NUTRITIONAL INFLUENCE - CARBOHYDRATES
1942
  Bourne, G. H.  EFFECT OF CERTAIN SUGARS ON
    CALCIFICATION.  Brit. J. Nutrit.,  1949,  3:
    Proc. 11-12.

1943
  Handler, P.  THE FAILURE OF SKELETAL CALCIFI-
    CATION PRODUCED BY HIGH LACTOSE DIETS AND
    BY SIMPLE CALORIC RESTRICTION.  Fed.  Proc,
    Bait., 1946, 5: 233.   An abstract.

1944
  Hartles, R. L.  THE INFLUENCE OF A HIGH-
    SUCROSE DIET ON THE CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS
    PERCENTAGE OF THE RAT FEMUR, AND A COMPARI-
    SON WITH ITS EFFECT ON THE ENAMEL AND DEN-
    TINE OF THE RAT INCISOR TEETH.  Biochem.
    J., Lond., 1951, 49:  574-577.  16 refs.
    Abstracted in: Chem.  Abstr., 1952,  46:
    1111B.

1945
  Haslhofer, L. and Custer, R. P.  KNOCHEN-
    VERANDERUNGEN BEI AZIDOSE.   (BEITRAG ZUR
    FRAGE DER IM VERSUCH ERZEUGTEN OSTITIS
    FIBROSA).  Virchows Arch., 1933, 289:
    332-344.  10 refs.  In young rabbits
    histologic studies of the effect of ex-
    cess dextrose on the bones showed changes
    found in human and animal rickets.

1946
  Hirashima, M.  EFFECT OF THE SUGAR DIETS ON
    THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BONES OF RABBITS.
    Ill REPORT.  Sei i kai M. J., 1939, 58: No.
    3, 1-2.. Abstract in English.
1947
  Hirashima, M.  EFFECT OF THE SUGAR DIETS ON
    THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BONES OF RATS.  II
    REPORT.  Sei i kai M. J., 1939, 58: No. 1,
    2-4.  Abstract in English.  Abstracted in:
    Chem. Abstr., 1942, 36: 3532s.
1948
Mc*eown, R. M.,  Lindsay, M. K., Harvey, S. C,
  and Lumsden, R. W.  THE BREAKING STRENGTH
  OF HEALING FRACTURED FIBULAE OF RATS.  IV.
  OBSERVATIONS ON A HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE DIET.
  Arch. Surg., 1932, 25: 722-748.  17 refs.
  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1933, 27:
  1921; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1935, 9: No.
  10223.
1949                                     ,

  ^Wh?te:'F./R.SmA^^
    GROWTH-PROMOTING AND BOTE-CALCIFYING EF
    FECTS OF SEVERAL CARBOHYDRATES   J. Nutrit
    1937, 14: 579-595   13 refs •„_A^|tra?t^
    Nutrit-Abstr   Aberdeen,  JMT-SJj 7  No
    5304; Chem.  Abstr.,  1938,  32.  »'«>  •  ?«  »
    rats were fed lactose, sucrose and galactose
    equivalent to 23%-26% of their caloric in-
    take   No change  in growth was observed in
    controlled feeling,  but lactose caused ac-
    celeration of bone calcification.  This was
    inferior, however, to that obtained with
    cod liver oil.

1950                                 „  _    .
  Tuba  J   Siluch, K. A., Robinson, M. I. and
    Madsen  N  B.  THE RELATIONSHIP OF DIETARY
    FACTORS TO RAT SERUM ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE.
    IV   EFFECT OF DIETARY OXALATE.  Canad. J.
    M.Sc, 1952, 30: 515-519.  27 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Chim. Abstr., 1953, 47: 44471.


19Yamane, T.  TUBER DIE SOGENANNTE OSTEOPATHEA
    ALIMENTARIA.   I. DIE DURCH EINFUHRUNG VON
    ROHRZUCKER VERURSACHTE KNOCHENVERANDERUNG
    BEI JUNGEN KANINCHEN]  Arch. jap.  Chir.,
    1932, 9: 1028-1051.  2 pi.  13 refs.  Ger-
    man summary, p. 1028-1029.

NUTRITIONAL INFLUENCE - FATS

1952
  Booth, R. G., Henry, K. M.  and Kon,  S. K.
    A STUDY OF THE ANTI-RACHITIC EFFECT OF FAT
    ON RATS RECEIVING HIGH CALCIUM-LOW PHOS-
    PHORUS RACHITOGENIC DIETS.  Biochem. J.,
    Lond., 1942, 36: 445-455.  32  refs.

1953
  Dutta, N.  C.  ANTIRACHITIC  EFFECT OF COCONUT
    OIL  AND  ITS MODE  OF  ACTION ON  BONE CALCIFI-
    CATION.  Ann.  Biochem.  Exp. M.,  Calc.,  1948,
    8:  69-78.   14  refs.   Abstracted in: Chem.
    Abstr.,  1948,  42: 8275c.   The  study indi-
    cated  that  the beneficial influence of  coco-
    nut  oil  on  bone calcification  is due  chiefly
    to  the  improved absorption and retention of
    phosphorus.
1954
  McKeown, R. M.,  Lindsay,  M.  K. ,  Harvey, S. C.
    and  Lumsden, R. W.   THE BREAKING STRENGTH
    OF  HEALING  FRACTURED FIBULAE OF RATS.   III.
    OBSERVATIONS ON A HIGH FAT DIET.  Arch.
    Surg.,  1932,  25:  467-497.  24  refs. Ab-
    stracted  in: Chem. Abstr., 1932, 26:  5995;
    Biol. Abstr.,  Bait.,  1935, 9:  No."~T0223.
 1955
  Silberberg, R. and  Silberberg, M.   GROWTH  AND
    ARTICULAR CHANGES IN SLOWLY AND RAPIDLY  DE-
    VELOPING MICE  FED A  HIGH-FAT DIET. Growth,
    Phila.,  1950,  14: 213-230.  4  pi.  17  refs.
    Abstracted  in:~Excerpta med.,  Sect. 2,  1951,
    4:  No.  5192; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1951,  25:
    No.  10107.
1956
  Silberberg, R. and  Silberberg, M.   SKELETAL
    GROWTH AND  ARTICULAR CHANGES  IN MICE  RE-
    CEIVING A HIGH-FAT DIET.   Am.  J. Path.,
    1950,  26:- 113-131.   4  pi.  9 refs. Ab-
    stracted in: Excerpta  med., Sect. 5,
    1950,  3: No.  2614; Chem.  Abstr., 1950,
    44:  2615a.
1957
Silberberg,  R.  and Silberberg,  M.   STRAIN
  DIFFERENCES IN SKELETAL GROWTH AND AGEING
  OF MICE FED A HIGH FAT DIET.   Fed. proc
  Bait.,  1950,  9:  344.   An abstract.  "Pos-
  sibly,  an  as yet undetermined age change in
  the growing cartilage may be  the common de-
  nominator  for strain  and sex  differences in
  the response to various nutritional and nor-
  mal stimuli." 
109
NUTRITIONAL INFLUENCE - FATS  (Continued)
1958
  Silberberg, R., Opdyke, M. and Silberberg, M.
    SIGNIFICANCE OF CALORIC  INTAKE AND SPECIFIC
    EFFECTS OF HIGH-FAT DIETS ON SKELETAL GROWTH
    AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICE.  Growth, Phila  ,
    1952, 16: 127-150.  2 pi.  6 refs.  Ab-
    stracte""* in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1953,  27-
    No. 5958; Chem. Abstr.,  1953, 47: 8863b.—
See
436
1864
NUTRITIONAL INFLUENCE - MINERALS
1959
  Adams, C. O.  EFFECT OF INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS
    ON BONE GROWTH AND REPAIR.  Proc Soc. Exp.
    Biol., N. Y., 1938, 38: 449-451.  Abstracted
    in: Chem. Abstr., 1935, 32: 58821; Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1938, 12:~Ko. 7264.  Study
    was made with rabbits.  "There was no evi-
    dence, as demonstrated in  roentgenograms or
    microscopic sections, that  the feeding of
    inorganic P affected in any way the healing
    of the fractures.  The tibiae of  the animals
    fed the P did not grow long, on the average,
    as did the tibiae of the control  groups."
    - Biol. Abstr.

1960
  Bassett, C.  F.,  Harris,  L.  E. and  Wilke, C.  F.
    EFFECT OF VARIOUS LEVELS  OF CALCIUM,  PHOS-
    PHORUS,  AND  VITAMIN  D  INTAKE ON  BONE  GROWTH.
    II. MINKS.   J.  Nutrit.,  1951,  44: 433-442.
    Abstracted in:  Excerpta med.,  "Sect.  2,  1952,
    5:  No. 3281;  Nutrit. Abstr.,  Aberdeen,  1951-
    52, 21:  No.  3352.   "In practice  a nutrient
    allowance of  0.4 to  1.0%  calcium, 0.4 to 0.8%
    phosphorus,  and 0.82 I.U.  vitamin D  per  g. of
    dry food would give  satisfactory  results,
    provided a calcium  to  phosphorus  ratio  of  be-
    tween 0.75:1.00 and  1.7:1.0 is maintained."

1961
  Bell, G. H., Cuthbertson, D. P.  and Orr,  J.
    STRENGTH AND  SIZE OF BONE  IN RELATION TO
    CALCIUM  INTAKE.   J.  Physiol.,  Lond.,  1941,
    100:  299-317.   19 refs.   Abstracted  in:
    Ber.  ges.  Physiol.,  1943,  133: 325;  Nutrit.
    Abstr.,  Aberdeen, 1941-42,"TT: No. 3276.

1962
  Bethke,  R.  M., Edgington, B.  H.  and Kick, C.
    H   EFFECT OF THE CALCIUM-PHOSPHORUS RELA-
    TIONSHIP OF THE  RATION ON  GROWTH  AND BONE
    FORMATION IN THE PIG.  J.  Agr. Res., 1933,
    47: 331-338.  9  refs.  Abstracted in:
    Cnem. Abstr.,  1934, 28: 20446; Biol.
    Abstr.,  Bait.,  1935,"9*: No.  1335;  Nutrit.
    Abstr.,  Aberdeen, 1933-34,  3: No.  3792.
    In this  study a  histological study and
    ash analysis were made of  portions of
    ribs,  including  the costochondral junctions,
    and both  femurs.

1963
  Bloom, C.J.  SECONDARY CALCIUM PHOSPHATE PRE-
    VENTS AND CURES  RICKETS WITHOUT VITAMIN D.
    2   CALCIFICATION STUDIES.  Proc.  Soc. Exp.
    Biol., N. Y., 1932, 29: 861-863.


1964
  Boelter, M. D. D.  and Greenberg, D.  M.  SE-
    VERE CALCIUM DEFICIENCY IN GROWING RATS.
    I. SYMPTOMS AND  PATHOLOGY.  J. Nutrit.,
    1941,  21- 61-74.  6 refs.   Abstracted in:
    Chem.  ABstr., 1941, 35: 4067°.


1965                         ,_     „  „   __
  nn~i tor  M  D  D   and Greenberg, D. M.  bt,-
    VERE CALCIUM DEFICIENCY IN  GROWING RATS.
    II  CHANGES IN CHEMICAL COMPOSITION.  J.
    Nutrit.,  1941, 21: 75-84.   13 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Che*i. Abstr.,  1941,  35: 40676.
1966
  Brooke, R. 0., Smith, A. H. and Smith, P. K.
    INORGANIC SALTS IN NUTRITION.  VII. CHANGE
    IN COMPOSITION OF BONE OF RATS ON A DIET
    POOR IN INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS.  J. Biol.
    Chem., 1934, 104: 141-148.  22 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1935. 9:
    No. 4838; Chem. Abstr., 1934, 28: 1388*";
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1934***35, 4: No.
    500.
1967
  Cartarr, M. S., McLean, F. C.  and Urist, M. R.
    THE EFFECT OF THE CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS
    CONTENT OF THE DIET UPON THE FORMATION AND
    STRUCTURE OF BONE.  Am. J. Path., 1950, 26:
    307-331.  28 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.
    Abstr., 1950, 44: 6504<1.  The long bones
    of young rats, maintained on diets of dif-
    ferent calcium and phosphorus content were
    studied and compared.  It was found that
    "optimum" diets produced longer metaphyses,
    less osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity,
    greater trabeculae calcification and a much
    denser shaft than "adequate" diets and that
    diets enriched in calcium but not in phos-
    phorus resulted in the withdrawal of phos-
    phorus from the diet in the intestinal
    tract in insoluble form which was followed
    by various changes in the bones.  The study
    is illustrated by tables and roentgenograms.
1968
  Clarke, M. F., Bassin, A. L. and Smith, A. H.
    SKELETAL CHANGES IN THE RAT INDUCED BY A RA-
    TION EXTREMELY POOR IN INORGANIC SALTS.  Am.
    J. Physiol., 1936, 115: 556-563.  22 refs.
    "Although increase in body weight ceased,
    the length and weight of the femur, humerus,
    fibula and radius continued to increase
    slowly.  During... salt restriction the
    moisture of the bone increased, the ash de-
    creased and a marked distorttion of the A/*R
    ratio was established.  Even after rela-
    tively long periods of realimentation with
    an adequate diet, the percent of moisture
    and ash and the dimensions of the bone
    failed to attain values normal for the age.
    Breaking strength appears to be more
    closely correlated with organic pattern as
    reflected in the size of the bone than with
    the proportion of inorganic salts."

1969
  Coleman, R. D., Becks, H., Copp, D. H. and
    Frandsen, A. M.  SKELETAL CHANGES OF SEVERE
    PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY IN THE RAT.  II. SKULL,
    TEETH, AND MANDIBULAR JOINT.  Oral. Surg.,
    1953, 6: 757-764.  10 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Excerpta med., Sect. 5, 1954, 7: No. 276;
    Brit. Abstr., 1954, p. 645.
1970
  Copp, D. H., Chace, M. J. and Duffy, F.  EF-
    FECTS OF SEVERE PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY ON THE
    METABOLISM AND HISTOLOGY OF BONE.  Fed.
    Proc, Bait., 1947, 6: 245.  An abstract.
    "These findings indicate the inhibition of
    growth of soft tissue and extreme deminera-
    lization of bone associated with severe
    phosphorus deficiency."

1971
  Cunningham, I. J.  MAGNESIUM  IN ANIMAL DIETS.
    THE INFLUENCE OF THE LEVEL  OF DIETARY MAG-
    NESIUM ON THE MAGNESIUM AND CALCIUM CON-
    TENTS OF THE BONES, THE BODIES, AND THE
    BLOOD SERUM  OF RATS.  N. Zealand  J. Sc.,
    1933, 15: 191-198.   12 refs.  Abstracted
    in: BioT. Abstr., Bait., 1935,  9: No.  2745;
    Chem. Abstr., 1934,  28:  23957.

1972
  Dallemagne, [M.] J., Derivaux, J., Liegeois, F.
    and Melon, J., ETUDE DU SQUELETTE DE PORCS
    SOUMIS A UN REGIME HYPERPHOSPHORE.  Bull.
    Soc. chim. biol., Par., 1950, 32: 250-254.
    6 refs.  Following diets with a Ca:P ratio
    of 1:5.5 to 1:7.3, subnormal mineralization
    was observed in irregular areas of the bones
    of growing pigs. 
110
NUTRITIONAL INFLUENCE  - MINERALS  (Con-
   tinued)

1973
   Day, H. G. and McCollum, E. V.  MINERAL ME-
    TABOLISM, GROWTH,  AND SYMPTOMATOLOGY OF RATS
    ON A DIET EXTREMELY DEFICIENT IN PHOSPHORUS
    J. Biol. Chem.,  1939, 130: 269-283.  28
    refs.  Abstracted  in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aber-
    deen, 1939-40, 9:  No. 3288.   "The results
    show that dietary  deficiency  of P results
    in rapid depletion of skeletal P but that,
    until this has become very extensive, trans-
    fer of P from bone to soft tissues occurs
    despite continuous loss of P, the P trans-
    ferred being used, together with N, for such
    growth as occurs." - Nutrit.  Abstr.

1974
   Downs, W. G., Jr.  and McKeown,  R. M.  HISTOL-
    OGY OF HEALING FRACTURES  IN RATS ON DIETS
    LOW IN TOTAL SALT, CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS.
    Arch. Surg., 1932, 25: 108-121.  9 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,  Bait., 1934,
    8: No. 16549.
L975
   Duckworth, J., Godden, W. and Warnock, G. McM.
    THE EFFECT OF ACUTE MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY ON
    BONE FORMATION IN  RATS.  Biochem. J., Lond.,
    1940, 34: 97-108.  17 refs.   Abstracted in:
    Chem. Abstr., 1940, 34: 44312; Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1940, 14: No.~T0119.
1976
   Euler, H. v. and Rydbom, M.  UBER DEN EINFLUSS
    VON MAGNESIUMSALZEN AUF KNOCHENBILDUNG UND
    RACHITIS. I.  Biochem. Zschr., 1931, 241:
    14-22.  14 refs.   Abstracted  in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1933, 7: No. 8235; Chem.
    Abstr., 1932, 26:  1012.
1977
   Feaster, J. P., Shirley, R. L., McCall, J. T.
    and Davis, G. K.   p32 DISTRIBUTION AND EX-
    CRETION IN RATS  FED VITAMIN D-FREE AND LOW
    PHOSPHORUS DIETS.  J. Nutrit., 1953, 51:
    381-392.  11 refs.  Abstracted in: BioT.
    Abstr., Bait., 1954, 28: No.  10491.
    "... the deposition an"d* turnover of orally
    and intramuscularly administered p32 in
    the blood, liver,  kidney, muscle, and femur
    of growing rats maintained on diets that
    were (1) adequate, (2) adequate but lacking
    in vitamin D, and  (3) low in  P were com-
    pared."
1978
   Fischer, F. and Key, J. A.  LOCAL ATROPHY OF
    BONE.  III. EFFECTS OF VITAMIN D AND OF
    CALCIUM ON LOCAL ATROPHY, AND UNION.  Arch.
    Surg., 1934, 29: 312-315.  14 refs.
1979
  Fraser,  H.  F.  A CHRONIC DEFICIENCY OF (1)
    CALCIUM,  (2) VITAMIN C, AND (3) BOTH CAL-
    CIUM AND VITAMIN C IN MONKEYS.  Pub.
    Health Rep.,  1942, 57: 959-967.  9 refs.
    Abstracted in:  Biol.  Abstr.,  Bait., 1943,
    17: No.  1521.  Bones were included in this
    study.
1980
  Gillis,  M.  B.  FURTHER STUDIES ON THE ROLE OF
    POTASSIUM IN GROWTH AND BONE FORMATION.  J.
    Nutrit.,  1950,  42:  45-57.   10 refs.  Ab-
    stracted  in:  BioT. Abstr., Bait., 1951, 25:
    No. 10120;  Chem.  Abstr., 1950, 44: 10832*67
1981
  Goff, O.  E.  and Upp, C. W.  THE INFLUENCE OF
    ELEMENTAL SULFUR UPON CHICK GROWTH AND BONE
    ASH.   Poultry Sc, 1940, 19:   270-280.  20
    refs.   Abstracted in:  Chem. Abstr., 1940,
    34: 73584.
1982
  Green,  H.  H.   MINERALS IN RELATION TO DISEASE
    OF THE LARGER DOMESTICATED ANIMALS.  Empire
    J. Exp. Agr., 1935, 3: 363-378.  43 refs.
    "A brief  survey of th"e dietary significance
    of phosphorus,  calcium, magnesium, iron,
    copper,  iodine,  fluorine,  chlorine, sodium,
    and potassium is given with reference to
    diseased  conditions in the animal, such as
    osteoporosis, osteomalacia, rickets, osteo-
    fibrosis,  nutritional anaemaias, and hypo-
    mineralaemias."
1983
Biggins,  G.  M.  and Sheard  C   T??AS^T %
  DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE,  WITHOUT VITAMIN D, ifl
  THE NUTRITION OF CHICKS   Ana*'  J^cted in!
  56: 395-408.   pi.  10 refs   A*straSj|g ln-
  BTol. Abstr., Bait.,  1934, |: No.  19829
  It was concluded that "dicaTcium Ph^phate
  without vitamin D,  is not adequate to main
  tain growing  chicks and will not Protect
  againit leg weakness  and other skeletal
  deficiencies  which arise as a^result or a
  disturbed calcium metabolism."
1984
Howe, P.  R.,  Wesson,  L  G.>Boyie,  P. E  ^
  Woibach,  S. B.   LOW CALCIUM RICKETS IN THE
  GUINEA-PIG.  Proc  Soc.  Exp.  Bio1;* N. * • .
  1940,  45:  298-301.   6 refs.  "Typical
  rachitic  changes in bones and teeth have
  been produced in young guinea pigs by a
  diet low  in calcium and in vitamin D.  In
  older animals the changes in the bones were
  obscured  by arrested skeletal growth, but
  those in  the teeth were constant."
1985
Irving,  J.  T.   A COMPARISON OF THE ACTION OF
  VITAMIN D ON THE TEETH OF RACHITIC RATS WITH
  THAT OF ADDITIONAL CALCIUM OR PHOSPHORUS
  ADDED TO  RACHITOGENIC DIETS.  J. Physiol.,
  Lond.,  1946, 104:  253-265.  3pl.  24 refs.
  Abstracted in: Biol.  Abstr., Bait., 1946,
  20:  No. 20110.  Studies of the bones and
  teeth of  young rats whose rachitogenic diets
  were improved by the addition of calcium or
  phosphorus or by administration of vitamin
  D.
1986
  Kruse,  H.  D., Schmidt, M. M. and McCollum,
    E. V.  STUDIES ON MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY IN
    ANIMALS.  VI. CHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE BONE,
    WITH ASSOCIATED BLOOD CHANGES, RESULTING
    FROM MAGNESIUM DEPRIVATION.  J. Biol. Chem.,
    1934, 106: 573-593.  38 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1934-35, 4:
    No. 2552.
1987
  Lanford, C. S. and Sherman, H. C.  FURTHER
    STUDIES OF THE CALCIUM CONTENT OF THE BODY
    AS INFLUENCED BY THAT OF THE FOOD.  J. Biol,
    Chem., 1938, 126: 381-387.  6 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: cHem. Abstr., 1939, 33: 697*>.
1988
  Lecoq, R   INFLUENCE DE L'lODE ET DE QUELQUES
    COMPOSES IODES MINERAUX ET ORGANIQUES SUR
    LES LESIONS OSSEUSES DU RACHITISME EXPERI-
    MENTAL.  C. rend..Acad. sc.,  1937, 204:
    1891-1893.   2 refs.  The bone lesions of
    young white rats with experimental rickets,
    produced by a rachitogenic diet, were cured
    when pure iodine or mineral or organic
    iodized compounds were added  to the diet.
    It is suggested that the presence of iodine
    in a ration may be the cause  of error in
    the estimation of its antirachitic value.
1989
  Lecoq, R.  LA PRODUCJION DU RACHITISME EXPFnx
    MENTAL EST-ELLE SPECIFIOUEMENT LIEE AU DFS*
QUILIBRE PHOSPHOCALCIQUE DE LA RATION?  c
rend. Acad. sc.,  1942,  215: 330-332.  6
       Studies of white rats on various
rend
refs
rachitogenic diets led to the conclusion
that a phosphorus-calcium imbalance alone
does not produce chronic experimental
rickets but that it is produced rather by
mineral imbalance which causes alkalosis 
Ill
NUTRITIONAL INFLUENCE
  tinued)
MINERALS (Con-
1990
  Lecoq, R. and Duffau, R.  VARIATIONS DE
    QUELQUES CONSTITUANTS MUSCULAIRES CHEZ LE
    RAT PRfiALABLEMENT RACHITISE PUIS GUERI PAR
    ADJONCTION, A LA RATION, D'lODE OU DE DE-
    RIVES IODES.  C. rend. Soc. biol., 1938,
    128: 619-621.  5 refs.  Young rats were
    cured of experimental rickets when minimum
    adequate quantities of iodine or iodine
    derivatives were added to their rachito-
    genic diets.  Iodine treatment was accom-
    panied by a drop in muscular orthophos-
    phates and in total acid soluble phosphorus
    which returned to normal levels after cure.
    This is interpreted as indicating that the
    antirachitic action of iodine consists in
    provoking the transfer of inorganic phos-
    phorus from muscle to bone.

1991
  Lecoq, R. and Gallier, R.  LE PHOSPHORE EST-IL
    DOUE DE PROPRlfiTEs ANTIRACHITIQUES?  C.  rend.
    Soc. biol., 1934,  116:  1383-1384.  5 refs.
    Young  white rats with experimental rickets
    were fed  rachitogenic diets containing vari-
    ous amounts of  phosphorated oil.  At autopsy,
    10  days after  the  start  of  the experiment,  no
    effect was  observed  on  calcification.   It  is
    suggested that  the antirachitic  action  at-
    tributed  to phosphorus  is  actually due  to  a
    particular  combination  of  phosphorus com-
    pounds and  not  to  phosphorus  alone.

1992
  Light, R. F.  and  Frey, C.  N.  BONE FRACTURES
    DUE TO LOW CALCIUM DIETS.  Proc. Soc. Exp.
    Biol., N. Y.,  1951,  48:  256-258.  1 ref.
    Abstracted  in: Biol."Abstr.,  Bait., 1942,
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1993
  Lilly, C. A.  COMPARISON  OF  BONE ASH OF
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1994
  Lilly, C. A., Peirce,  C. B.  and Grant, R.  L.
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    35.  2 pi.   18  refs.  "Rickets was~produced
    in  white  rats by a diet  high  in calcium  and
    low in phosphorus.   The  subsequent addition
    of  phosphates  to this diet, caused x-ray,
    chemical, and  histological evidences of
    healing,  at  least  equal  to  that caused by
    the addition of irradiated ergosterol
    (viosterol)  to  the diet  of another group of
    rats previously made rachitic in the same
    manner."

1995
  McKay, G. F.,  Lalich,  J.  J.  and Angevine,  D.  M.
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1996
  HcKeown, R. M. Harvey, S.  C.  and Lumsden,
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    in: BioT. Abstr.,  Bait., 1935, 9: No.
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1997
  Marek, J.,  Wellmann, O. and  Urbanyi, L.__
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    FLUSS DES MINERALSTOFFVERHALTNISSES SOWIE
    DES D-VITAMINGEHALTES IM FUTTER AUF DIE
    AUSnOtZUNG DER MINERALSTOFFE.  Deut.
    tierttrztl. Wschr., 1940, 48:  69-74.  Ab-
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1998
  Marek, J., Wfillmann, 0. and Urbanyi, L.  UNTER-
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    TIERISCHEN ORGANISMUS.  VIII. MITTEILUNG.
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    EIN VERSCHIEDENARTIG MIT KALKCARB0NAT
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1999
  Marek, J., Wellmann, O. and Urbanyi, L.  UNTER-
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    FUTTERMITTEL AUF DIE AUSNUTZUNG DER MINERAL-
    STOFFE NACH IHRER GEGENSEITIGEN VERTAUSCHUNG.
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2000
  Mendel, L. B., Hubbell, R. B. and Wakeman,
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2001
  Nakajima, T. and Sugita, T.  [ON THE INFLUENCE
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    RATS AND THE INFLUENCE OF THE FEED SUPPLE-
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2002
  ♦Nakajima, T., Omori, S., Otsuka, J., Nozaki,
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2003
  Owen, E. C.  BONE AS A MINERAL RESERVE.
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    refs.  Abstracted in:  Excerpta med.,  Sect.
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    stresses the lability of bone calcium and
    phosphorus reserves.  Where diets are de-
    ficient in calcium, phosphorus and mag-
    nesium, the soft tissues compete and  mine-
    rals are lost from the adult skeleton,
    while the growing skeleton becomes under-
    mineralized.  Vitamin D  favors bones  at the
    expense of soft tissues.  In teeth, mine-
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2004
  Oya, M.  [ON THE INFLUENCE OF DIET, TO  WHICH
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    abstract, p. 1-2.


2005
  POTASSIUM-PHOSPHORUS INTERRELATIONSHIP.
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2006
  Randoin, L. and Causeret,  J.   RECHERCHES EX-
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    TENEUR DU REGIME ALIMENTAIRE EN PHOSPHORE,
    EN CALCIUM,EN MAGNESIUM ET EN VITAMINE D,
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2007
  Rogozifiski, F. and Gl6wczyfiski, Zb.  O KRZYWICY
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    Acad, polon. sc., Ser. B. Sc natur.(II),
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2016
  Bauer,
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genographic and microscopic examinations oi
the skeleton of experimental anin,a^' +
excessive amounts of cystine, failed to
show differences from the control dogs.
2008
  Spildo,  L.  S.   UNDERS0GELSER OVER VAEKSTEN HOS
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2009
  Stewart, J.   THE EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS DEFI-
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    THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO RICKETS.  1934-1935,
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2010
  Takahashi, S.  [NEUE EXPERIMENTELLE STUDIEN
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2011
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    Pub.  Health Rep., Wash., 1942, 57: 987-993.
    2 pi.  3 refs.  Abstracted in: BTol. Abstr.,
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2012
  Weinmann, J. P.  and Schour,  I.  EXPERIMENTAL
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    DENTAL TISSUES OF THE RACHITIC RAT.  Am. J.
    Path., 1945, 21:  1057-1067.   2 pi.  7 refs.
    Abstracted  in:  Chem. Abstr.,  1946, 40:
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2017
  Conner, R. T. and Sherman, H. C.  SOME AS-
    PECTS OF PROTEIN INTAKE IN RELATION TO
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2018
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    stracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1941, 35: 51667.
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    sex that the increased gain in body weight
    resulting from the higher protein levels
    studied had an accelerating effect upon
    skeletal development as reflected in the
    percentage of body calcium."
2019
  Conti, T. and Sabaino, D„  PROTEIDI ANIMALI
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    protein diets of casein and wheat germ,
    respectively, and the effects on the long
    bones studied.  Wheat germ favored a greater
    deposit of Ca, P, and CO2 in the bones than
    did  casein and simultaneously inhibited the
    deposit of Mg.  Casein encouraged linear
    growth of the tibia and femur and increased
    their resistance to fracture.
2020
  Dasler, W.  THE EFFECTS OF EXCESS TRYPTOPHAN
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2013
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See:
71
1181
1614
2130
370
1252
1818
2656
374
1270
1919
2896
438
1369
2025
2905
540
1397
2129
2906
NUTRITIONAL INFLUENCE - PROTEIN
2014
  Armstrong, W. D.  and Estremera,  H.   EFFECT OF
    PROTEIN DEFICIENT DIETS ON THE SKELETON OF
    THE MATURE RAT.  Fed. Proc, Bait.,  1947,  6:
    235.  An abstract.


  Aschkenasy, A., Mignot, J. and Aschkenasy-Lelu,
    p   LES ALTERATIONS OSSEUSES DU RAT EN F0NCT-
    ION  DE LA TENEUR DU REGIME EN PROTfilNES.
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2021
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    KIND AND LEVEL OF PROTEIN IN THE DIET ON
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    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1952, 26: No~H316
    In young rats on a low calcium diet, casein
    favors bone formation to a greater extent
    than does gluten.  This may be considered
    a direct effect of protein on bone forma-
    tion.
2022
Estremera, H. R. and Armstrong, W  D   FF-
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  11 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol."Abstr
  Bait., 1949, 23: No. 475; Chem. Abstr',
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  and 4.5% protein were inadequate to support
  normal skeletal constitution in mature rats
  and interfered with the normal growth in
  length of the humeri of rats which were near
  the end of the period of skeletal growth
  The composition of the bone ash, however
  was not affected by feeding protein-deficient
  diets to mature rats."                      x 
113
NUTRITIONAL INFLUENCE - PROTEIN  (Con-
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2023
  Fontaine, R., Mandel, p. and Gries, A.  N0U-
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    in: Chem. Abstr., 1951, 45:  6254e,  »in
    rats prolonged deprivation of protein was
    accompanied by a parallel reduction of  the
    protein matrix of bone and of mineral con-
    stituents. .. , corresponding  to the pheno-
    menon of osteolysis."

2024
  Greenberg, R. M., Barry, M. G.  and Mayer, J.
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2025
  Gybrgy, P.,  Popoviciu,  G.  and  Sano,  T.
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2026
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    rich in casein increased the strength of
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    accelerated the rate of healing of frac-
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2027
  Kemeny,  T.,  T6th, E., Rudas, I. and S6s, J.
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2028
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2029
  Maun, M. E., Cahill, W. M. and Davis, R. M.
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    Bait., 1945, 19: No. 15743.

2030
  Maun, M. E., Cahill, W. M. and Davis, R. M.
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    ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS.  III. HISTIDINE.
    Arch. Path., Chic, 1946, 41: 25-31.  7
    refs.  See particulary p. 3*9" for descrip-
    tion of changes in bone and marrow.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1946,
    20: No. 12134.
2031
 ♦Nakajima, T.. Sugita, T., Watanabe, T. and
    Aral, K.  [ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE FEED
    UPON BONES.  VI. EFFECTS OF PROTEIN UPON
    BONES]  Bull. Nat. Inst. Agr. Sc., Yahagi,
    ser. G, 1952, No. 3, 209-214.  English
    summary.  Abstracted in: Nutrit. Abstr.,
    Aberdeen. 1953, 23: No. 3332.
2032
 ♦Nakajima, T.. Sugita, T., Watanabe, T. and
    Arai, K.  [ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE FEED
    UPON BONES.  VII. EFFECT OF PROTEIN ON THE
    RICKET-LIKE BONE OF RATS]  Bull. Nat. Inst,
    Agr. Sc, Yahagi, ser. G, 1952, No. 3,
    215-219.  English summary.  Abstracted in:
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1953, 23: No.
    3332.
2033
  Rhoads, J.  E. and Kasinskas,  W.   THE INFLUENCE
    OF HYPOPROTEINEMIA ON THE FORMATION OF CALLUS
    IN EXPERIMENTAL FRACTURE.  Surgery, 1942,  11:
    38-44.  4 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,
    1942, 36: 2300d.
2034
  Sabaino, D. and Conti,  T.   AMINOACIDI E TESSUTO
    OSSEO.  Minerva ortop.,  Tor.,  1953, 4:  139-
    143.
2035
  Sabaino, D. and Conti, T.  DIETA E TESSUTO
    OSSEO.  Arch. sc. med., Tor.,  1953,  95:  433-
    444.  5 refs.  Groups of rats  were fe"d" dif-
    ferent diets, each group receiving only one
    type of protein.  "It was observed that raw
    casein refined from  cow's milk, gluten and
    acrolein in the diets could determine vari-
    ations in the mineral composition of bone
    and in the degree of resistance to experi-
    mental fracture...  Crude or refined casein
    favored increased bone resistance,  gluten
    and refined casein favored P accumulation
    while gluten alone inhibited Mg retention in
    bone.  Bone resistance was not strictly  pro-
    portionate to the concentration of  certain
    anions and cations..."
2036
  Silberberg, M.  and Silberberg,  R.   SKELETAL
    GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN MICE FED A HIGH
    PROTEIN DIET.  Arch.  Path.,  Chic,  1949, 48:
    331-341.  6 refs.  Abstracted in:  Excerpta
    med., Sect. 5,  1950,  3:  No.  1672;  Biol.
    Abstr., Bait.,  1950,  24:  No.  8970.
2037
  Van Middlesworth,  L.   PROTEIN METABOLISM  OF
    FRACTURE CALLUS  AND MUSCLE TRAUMA  STUDIED
    WITH RADIOACTIVE METHIONINE.   Fed.  Proc,
    Bait.,  1950,  9:  129.   An  abstract.
2038
  Vivanco,  F. and Jimenez Diaz,  C.   NUEVOS
    ESTUDIOS SOBRE LOS EFECTOS DE LAS PROTEINAS
    DE LAS  LEGUMBRES (LEGUMINISMOS)  EL LATIRISMO
    ODORATO (ODORATISMO).  Rev.  clin. espaH.,
    1951, 40: 157-163.  5 refs.   Abstracted in:
    Chem. Abstr., 1951, 45:  9648f.
See:

  100
745
1415
1437
1876
NUTRITIONAL INFLUENCE - STARVATION
2039
  Handler, P., Baylin, G. J. and Follis, R. H.,
    Jr.  THE EFFECTS OF CALORIC RESTRICTION ON
    SKELETAL GROWTH.  J. Nutrit., 1947, 34:
    677-689.  10 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1948, 22! No. 10917; Chem.
    Abstr., 1948, 42: 1638*a.  "in young rats,
    the rate of skeletal growth was roughly
    proportional to the rate of general body
    growth when caloric restriction was the
    limiting growth factor." 
114
NUTRITIONAL INFLUENCE
  tinued)
STARVATION (Con-
2040
  Ignatius. K.  TIEREXPERIMENTELLE UNTERSUCH-
    UNGEN UBER DIE HEILUNG VON KNOCHENBRUCHEN
    BEI VITAMINMANGELZUSTANDEN UND BEIM HUNGER.
    Acta Soc. med. fenn. Duodecim, Helsinki,
    1947, 23: 28-170.  pi.  80 refs.  Ab-
    stracted* in: Excerpta med., Sect. 2, 1949,
    2: No. 110.  "The effect of lack of vita-
    mins A and B, or both, on the rate of
    healing of fracture was observed in grow-
    ing rats; that of the lack of vitamin C, in
    growing guinea-pigs.  Both species were
    used in the study of the effect of under-
    nutrition." - Excerpta med.

2041
  Kellermann, J. H.  THE EFFECT OF INTERMIT-
    TENT STARVATION ON CALCIFICATION, FOOD
    UTILIZATION, AND TISSUE COMPOSITION.
    Onderstepoort J. Vet. Sc., 1939, 12: 319-
    332.  17 refs.  Abstracted in: Nutrit.
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 1940-41, 10: No. 1764.

2042
  Keys, A., Brozek, J., Henschel, A., Mickelsen,
    0. and Taylor, H. L.  THE BIOLOGY OF HUMAN
    STARVATION.  Minneapolis, University of
    Minnesota Press, 1950.  Bones and teeth:
    v. 1, p.218-232.

2043
  Knorr, G.  KNOCHENUNTERSUCHUNGEN BEI ALLGE-
    MEINER INANITION.   (BEITRAG ZUR FRAGE DER
    "HUNGEROSTEOPATHIE".)  Frankf. Zschr. Path.,
    1951, 62: 22-38.  25 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1951-52, 21: No.
    912; Excerpta med., Sect. 5,  1951, 37 No.
    3360.

2044
  Park, E. A. and Richter, C. P.  TRANSVERSE
    LINES IN BONE: THE MECHANISM  OF THEIR DE-
    VELOPMENT.  Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp.,
    1953, 93: 234-248.  6 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. ABstr., Bait., 1954, 28: No. 13588.
    "The line forms because the osteoblasts
    keep making bone after the cartilage growth
    has waned....  After the recovery diet is
    instituted, the line thickens because the
    osteoblasts make new bone on  the pre-
    existing bony incasement without delay,
    whereas  time  is required for  the cartilage
    cells to reestablish their cycle..."

2045
  Ruiz-Gij6n, J.  UBER DIE CHEMISCHE ZUSAM-
    MENSETZUNG DER  KNOCHEN BEI HUNGERZUSTANDEN.
    Biochem. Zschr., 1941, 308: 59-63.  6 refs.
    Abstracted  in: Chem. Abstr.,  1942, 36:
    35261.

2046
  Toverud, K. U.  UNDERS0KELSER OVER NYF0DTE
    BARNS BENSYSTEM.  Norsk, mag. laegevid.,
    1934, 95: 688-704.   18 refs.  German trans-
    lation in: Zschr. Kinderh., 1934, 56: 66-80.
See:

  1312      1743
OSTEOGENESIS
1943
  see also ENZYME RELATIONSHIPS; ENZYME RELA-
  TIONSHIPS - PHOSPHATASE; HORMONAL INFLUENCE
  - SEX HORMONES, FEMALE, and - PITUITARY;
  TISSUE TRANSPLANTS; VITAMIN INFLUENCE -
  VITAMIN C, and - VITAMIN D

2047
  Becks, H., Asling, C  W., Collins, D. A,,
    Simpson, M. E. and Evans, H. M.  CHANGES
    WITH INCREASING AGE IN THE OSSIFICATION OF
    THE THIRD METACARPAL OF THE FEMALE RAT.
    Anat. Rec, 1948, 100: 577-591.  3 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1949,
    23:  No. 1138; Excerpta med., Sect. 1,  1950,
    37 No. 1572.
2048
  Becks, H., Asling,  C.  W.,  Simpson, M.E.
    Evans, H. M.  and  Li, C.  H.   OSSIIICATION AT
    THE DISTAL END OF THE HUMERUS IN THE FEMALE
    RAT.  Am. J.  Anat.,  1948,  82: 203-229   6
    pi.  10 refs.  Abstracted  Tn: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1948,  22:  No. 18191; Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 1, 1949, 3: No. 307;  Nutrit. Abstr.,
    Aberdeen, 1948-39, 18: No.  2243.

2049
  Becks, H., Simpson, M. E. and Evans, H. M.
    OSSIFICATION AT THE PROXIMAL TIBIAL EPI-
    PHYSIS IN THE RAT.  I. CHANGES  IN FEMALES
    WITH INCREASING AGE.  Anat. Rec, 1945, 92:
    109-119.  3 pi.  9 refs.  Abstracted  in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1945, 19:  No. 21752.

2050
 ♦Benoit, J. and Clavert, J.  SUR L'EXISTENCE
    DE DEUX TYPES D'OSSIFICATION NETTEMENT
    DISTINCTS CHEZ LES OISEAUX.  J. physiol ,
    Par., 1951, 43: 645-646.
2051
  Bisgard,  J. D.
    STUDY.   Arch.
    refs .
OSTEOGENESIS; AN EXPERIMENTAL
Surg., 1935, 30: 748-776.  55
2052
 ♦Borghese, E.  ALCUNE OSSERVAZIONI  SULLE FASI
    PIU PRECOCI DELL'OSSIFICAZIONE ENCONDRALE.
    Arch. ital. anat., 1954, 58: 388-409.

2053
  Borghese, E.  I LIPIDI NEL PROCESSO DI OSSI-
    FICAZIONE.  Zschr. Zellforsch.,  1936, 25:
    622-654.  2 pi.  86 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1937, 11: No. 17135;
    Chem. Abstr., 1937, 31: 6703*1.

2054
  Borghese, E.  OBSERVATIONS CYTOLOGIQUES ET
    CYTOCHIMIQUES A PROPOS DE L'OSSIFICATION
    ENCHONDRALE.  C. rend. Ass. anat., (1952)
    1953, 39 .meet., 441-447.  13 refs.

2055
  Camurati, C. and Tessarolo, G.  STUDI  SPERI-
    MENTALI SULLA METACROMASIA DELLA CARTILAGINE
    DI ACCRESCIMENTO NELLA CAVIA.  Minerva
    ortop., Tor., 1953, 4: 91-95.  18 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 9, 1954,
    8: No. 616.  "During the various phases of
    ossification chromotrophic variations were
    demonstrated in the epiphyseal cartilages
    by means of the metachromatic reaction and
    various solutions of toluidine blue  buffered
    at various pH values." - Excerpta med.

2056
  Cartier, p.   ETAT ACTUEL DU PROBLEME BIO-
    CHIMIQUE DE L'OSSIFICATION.   Rev. orthop.,
    Par., 1947, 33: 261-272.  30 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in:~Excerpta med.,  Sect. 2, 1948,
    1: No. 1291; Ber. ges. Physiol., 1949, 137:
    90.  A general review and discussion.
2057
  CaTIONr'  C"  rf'?™E BIOMETRIQUE DE L'OSSIFICA-
    5?" PrJ   ',u°C-  bl°l.,  1946, 140: 391-
    ?947  41  4l5lbAbS*raCted iD: ChemT-Abstr.,
    of thP^SHnr-   ,-  Determinations were made
    at L s'    nPi  nC,°nStituents of rat fe»urs
    at ages 20 to  150 days.   Mineralization »as
    found to increase rapidly after the 45th
    Sirecr-1^™8  inteiWed as indicating the
    direct action  of sex  hormones on bone for-
    mation .  Bone  phosphatase activity was
    greatest about the 20th  day  and phosphatase
    was considered to play only  a secondary
    role in mineralization.   Modifications in
    the composition of the protein matrix"
    due to the action of  the protease system  f
    the bone marrow and favored  the fixation ^
    bone salts.                           °n °f 
15.5
OSTEOGENESIS (Continued)
2058
Cretin. A.  DETAILS HISTOCHIMIQUES DE L'OS-
  TEOGENESE.  C. rend. Ass. anat., 1937, 32:
2069
    140-144.

2059
  Dallemagne, M. J.  LE DEPOT DES MATlERES
    MINfiRALES DANS L'OS EN FORMATION.  Acta
    biol. belg., 1942, 2: 95-99.  4 refs.  The
    periosteum of rabbit tibiae was isolated
    from the bone by a thin sheet of stainless
    steel or by a piece of bladder mucosa and
    the tibiae wrapped in a band of hypertro-
    phic periosteum which, in 20 to 30 days,
    formed  a bony cuff.  This was removed at
    intervals up to 90 days, and determinations
    were made of the total content and relative
    proportions of calcium, phosphorus, mag-
    nesium  and nitrogen.  The findings are enu-
    merated and interpretations are suggested.
    No difference was  observed between experi-
    ments in which steel was used to isolate
    the periosteum and those in which bladder
    mucosa  was used.

2060
  Deltour,  G. H.  LE MECANISME BIOCHIMIQUE DE
    L'OSSIFICATION.  Rev. rhumat., Par.,  1949,
    16: 362-365.  13 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Excerpta med., Sect. 5, 19 50, 3: No.  2612.

2061
  Derivaux, J.  DONNEES ACTUELLES SUR LA  BIO-
    CHIMIE  DE L'OSSIFICATION.  Ann. m6d.  vet.,
    Brux.,  1948, 92: 129-146.  46 refs.

2062
  Dubreuil, G., Charbonnel, [M.1  and Masse,  [L.]
    LES PROCESSUS DE L'OSTEOGEnESE.  Arch,  fr.
    belg. chir., 1936, 35:  171-176.

2063
  Fang, H.  C., Yuan, Y.  K.  and Miltner, L.  J.
    OSTEOGENIC POWER OF  TIBIAL PERIOSTEUM.
    Proc Soc Exp. Biol., N. Y. , 1934, 31:
    1239-1240.  1 ref.

2064
  Fogliati, E.  L'OSTEOGENESI NELLA CONCEZIONE
    MODERNA.  Med. internaz.., Milano,  1948, 56:
    32-42.  17 refs.   Abstracted  in: Excerpta
    med., Sect. 1,  1949, 3: No.  599.  Critical
    review  of current  theories of experimental
    osteogenesis.

2065
  Fontaine, R.  QUELQUES REFLEXIONS SUR LA
    BIOLOGIE DE LA GREFFE OSSEUSE.  Av PROPOS
    DU RAPPORT DE M. LE  PROF. F. ALBERT.  Rapp.
    Cong. Soc internat. chir.,  1938, 11.Congr.,
    1: 546-562.  7 refs.  A defense of  the
    theories of Leriche  and Policard on osteo-
    genesis and on interosseous calcium trans-
    ference.  The article is an  answer  to the
    criticism of Prof. F. Albert.

2066
  Giuliani, G.  OSSIFICAZIONE CONNETTIVALE  ED
    OSSIFICAZIONE ENCONDRALE OTTENUTE SPERI-
    MENTALMENTE; RICERCHE CHIMICHE, RADIOLO-
    GICHE,  ISTOLOGICHE.  Arch.  ital. chir.,
    1932, 31: 268-300.   18  refs.


2067
  Grigorescu, I. I.  OSIFICATIA IN LUMINA NOILOR
    CERCETARI.  Spitalul, 1935, 55: 24-27.  A
    brief survey of Western theories on ossifi-
    cation .


2°iAsvoin   G.  K SRAVNITEL'NOI GISTOLOGII KROVI  I
    SOEDINITEL'NOI TKANI.   XII.  0 VOZNIKNOVENII
    OSNOVNOGO VESHCHES TVA  KOSTI  U MLEKOPITAIU-
    SHCHIKH  [COMPARATIVE HISTOLOGY OF BLOOD  AND
    CONNECTIVE TISSUE.   XII. ORIGIN OF  THE  BASIC
    BONE SUBSTANCE IN  MAMMALS]  Arch, sc. biol
    Moskva, 1935, 37=  553-576.   39 refs.  French
    summary.
  Kiszely,  G.  A SZERVES SEJTEK KOZOTTI ALLOMANY
    JELENTOSEGE A CSONTKEPZESBEN.   [IMPORTANCE
    OF THE  INTERCELLULAR ORGANIC SUBSTANCE IN
    BONE FORMATION]   Orvostud.  kbzl.,  1944,  5:
    255. An abstract.

2070
  KUntscher, G.  NEUERE ERKENNTNISSE UBER DAS
    GESCHEHEN BEI DER KNOCHENBRUCHHEILUNG.
    Arch. klin. Chir.,  1951, 267:  586-592.  Ab-
    stracted in: Excerpta med., Sect.  5, 1952,
    5: No.  292.  "The author is convinced of
    the existence of an osteogenetic substance,
    produced by living bone cells in conditions
    calling for new formation such as  mechanical
    irritation, fractures, etc.  Periosteum and
    endosteum especially react to the  presence
    of this  'hormone1.   Chemical changes (pH)
    stimulate the production.  In fractures,
    treated with medullary nails,  the  osteo-
    genetic substance may leak out along the
    nail and give rise to the formation of the
    'cap' that is often seen at its end."
    - Excerpta med.

2071
  Lacroix,  P.  LES MECANISMES ELEMENTAIRES DE
    L'OSSIFICATION ENDOCHONDRALE.   Arch, biol.,
    Par., 1945, 56:  351-382.  pi.   33  refs.

2072
  Lacroix,  P.  ORIENTATION DES  RECHERCHES RE-
    CENTES  SUR L'OSTEOGENESE.  Presse  m§d.,
    1949, 57: 1177-1178.

2073
  Lacroix,  P.  TENTATIVO DI INTERPRETAZIONE
    DELLE OSSIFICAZIONI SPERIMENTALI.   Arch.
    ital. chir., 1949,  72: 124-130.

2074
  Leriche,  R. and Policard, A.   POSITION AC-
    TUELLE  DU PROBlilME DE L' OSTEOGENESE; A PRO-
    POS DE  CRITIQUES RECENTES.   Presse med.,
    1934, 42: 169-172.   4 refs.  Current
    theories of the mechanism of osteogenesis:
    role of interstitial fluids versus osteo-
    blast secretion theory.

2075
  McLean, F. C.  OSTEOGENESIS.   Tr.  Conf. Metab.
    Interrelat., 1951,  3.Conf., 51-54.  12 refs .

2076
  Ougaroff, A. A.  BEITRAGE ZUR KENNTNIS DER
    ENTWICKLUNG DES ZELLFREIEN KNOCHENGEWEBES.
    Zschr.  mikr. anat.  Forsch., 1931,  26: 327-
    346.  8 refs.

2077
  Pegullo,  J.  LES PHENOMENES INTIMES  DE L'OS-
    SIFICATION.  Afrique fr. chir.,  1950, No. 6,
    231-244.  21 refs.   A review of  current
    theories of the nature of bone and of the
    biochemical processes of ossification.
2078
  Roche, J. and Mourgue,  M.   PREMIERES ETAPES DE
    L'OSSIFICATION ET FORMATION DU "SEL DE L'OS.'
    C.  rend. Soc. biol.,  1943,  137:  451-452.   1
    ref.  Abstracted in:  Nutrit. Abstr., Aber-
    deen, 1945-46, 15: No.  573; Chem.  Abstr.,
    1945, 39: 25504.
2079
  Stephenson, N.  R.   THE PHYSIOLOGY OF BONE FOR-
    MATION.  Univ. Toronto M. J.,  1945, 22: 217-
    223.
2080
  Stettner, E.  OSSIFICATIONSFRAGEN.  Mschr.
    Kinderh., 1932, 52:  444-446.  Aussprache:
    p. 445-446. 
116
OSTEOGENESIS (Continued)
2081
  Verne, J., Verne-Soubiran, A. and Verne, J.-M
    ACTION DU PLASMA DE CHIEN PORTEUR D'UNE
    DERIVATION BILIAIRE SUR LES PROCESSUS D'OS-
    SIFICATION DANS LES CULTURES IN VITRO.  Bull
    histol. appl., Lyon, 1940, 17: 109-122.  4
    pi.  4 refs.

2082
  Zawisch, C.  DIE FRUHE HISTOGENESE DER
    MENSCHLICHEN CLAVICULA.  Zschr. mikr. anat.
    Forsch., 1952, 59:  187-226.  33 refs.
    Russian, English and French summaries.
    There are three definite periods of early
    osteogenesis.  They "are termed as endo-
    desmal-osteoblastic, pseudo chondroblastic
    and chondroblastic.  They correspond to a
    period of primary development, growth and
    maturation respectively.  The skeletogenic
    tissues of these periods, some of which
    hitherto unknown in man, are described."

2083
  Zawisch, C.  DIE VERKNOCHERUNG DER KNORPELIG
    VORGEBILDETEN PLATTEN KNOCHEN.  Acta anat.,
    1953, 19: 384.  An abstract.

See:
4	83	158	159	165
167	168	211	316	407
441	445	458	492	507
513	676	767	774	904
911	920	1002	1012	1085
1120	1286	1323	1333	1348
1352	1488	1489	1506	1879
1975	2004	2021	2405	2406
2424	2425	2426	2694	2746
2754	2764	2765	2769	2770
2967				
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

2084
 ♦Ascenzi, A<  CONTRIBUTO ALLO STUDIO DELLE
    PROPRIETA OTTICHE DELL'OSSO UMANO NORMALE.
    II. SULLA BIRIFRANGENZA TOTALE.   Atti Accad.
    naz. Lincei, Rendic, Class, sc.  fis.,
    ser. 8A, 1948, 5: 100-107.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1949, 23: No. 29327.

2085
  Ascenzi, A.  CONTRIBUTO ALLO STUDIO DELLE
    PROPRIETA OTTICHE DELL'OSSO UMANO NORMALE.
    III. SULLA BIRIFRANGENZA DI FORMA E LA
    BIRIFRANGENZA PROPRIA.  Atti Accad. naz.
    Lincei, Rendic., Class sc. fis.,  ser. 8A,
    1948, 5: 171-180.
2086
  Bell, G. H.  BONE AS A SKELETAL STRUCTURE.
    Brit. J. Nutrit., 1952, 6: 405-409.  21
    refs.  A review concerned with "the search
    for the factors determining the shape of
    bone, and... the measurement of the physi-
    cal properties of bone."

2087
  Bell, G. H. and Chambers, J. W.  BONE STRENGTH
    AND ASH CONTENT OF FEMORA OF RATS ON RACHITO-
    GENIC DIET.  Biochem. J., Lond.,  1945, 39:
    Proc., 37.  An abstract.

2088
  Bell, G. H., Chambers, J. W. and Dawson, I. M.
    THE MECHANICAL AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF
    BONE IN RATS ON A RACHITOGENIC DIET.  J.
    Physiol., Lond., 1947, 106: 286-300.  30
    refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1947,
    41: 6954*; Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1948, 22:
    No. 9083.  "The results of all tests - me-
    chanical, chemical and X-ray - suggest that
    there is no disturbance of the fundamental
    plan of ossification in rats suffering from
    rickets.  The weakness of the rachitic bone
    is sufficiently explained by the  reduction
    in organic material relative to the organic
    material."
2089
  Bell, G. H.,  Chambers,  J.  W.  and Weir, J. fi-
    de V.  ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF NORMAL ANU RA-
    CHITIC RAT FEMORA.  J. Physiol.,  Lond.,
    1949, 108:  Proc,  19.  An abstract.

2090
  Brooks, G.  SUR LA MATIERE MINERALE PHOS-
    PHORESCENTE DES TISSUS OSSEUX DE GRENOUILLE
    (RANA ESCULENTA L.).  C. rend. Acad. sc.,
    1937, 204: 1447-1448.  4 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Chem. Abstr., 1937, 31: 58809.   "The
    manganese plays an important role  in the
    phosphorescence of the mineral matter  of
    the bony tissue compared to zinc which is
    present in small  quantity.  Manganese  must
    certainly not remain  passive in the  normal
    physiology of ossification."

2091
  Dempster, W. T. and Liddicoat, R. T.   COMPACT
    BONE AS A NON-ISOTROPIC MATERIAL.  Am. J.
    Anat., 1952, 91:  331-362.  32 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1954, 28:
    No. 15971.  Stiffness or modulus of  elasti-
    city and the tensile  and compressive
    strengths of both dry and water soaked
    specimens of compact  bone were determined.

2092
  Evans, F. G. and Lebow, M.  REGIONAL DIF-
    FERENCES IN SOME OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    OF THE HUMAN FEMUR.   J. Appl. Physiol.,
    1951, 3: 563-572.  21 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Excerpta med., Sect.  9, 1952, 6:  No. 7096;
    Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1951, 25: No. 24022.

2093
  Evans, F. G. and Lebow, M.  STRENGTH AND OTHER
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LONG BONES OF THE  IN-
    FERIOR EXTREMITY.  Fed. Proc, Bait.,  1951,
    10: 41.  An abstract.

2094
  Evans, F. G.  and Lebow, M.  THE STREGTH  OF
    HUMAN COMPACT BONE AS REVEALED BY ENGINE-
    ERING TECHNICS.   Am.  J. Surg., 1952, 83:
    326-331.  12 refs.  Comparative studies of
    the tensile strength and percentage elonga-
    tion were made in wet and dried sections of
    cadaveric compact bone of the extremities,
    particularly of the femur.  All fibulas
    tested exceeded the femurs in tensile
    strength and energy-absorbing capacity.
2095
  Evans,  F. G. and Lebow, M.  THE TENSILE
    STRENGTH OF THE COMPACTA OF THE HUMAN FEMUR,
    Anat. Rec, 1950, 106: 192.  An abstract.
2096
  Evans, F. G. and Lissner, H. R.  'STRESSCOAT1
    DEFORMATION STUDIES OF THE FEMUR UNDER STA-
    TIC VERTICAL LOADING.  Anat. Rec, 1948,
    100: 159-190.  27 refs.  Abstracted in-
    Excerpta med., Sect. 1, 1949, 3:  No. 241.
    "The final spread of the cracks on the
    neck and upper two-thirds of the femoral
    shaft confirm results obtained by other
    methods.  The experiments prove that frac-
    tures occur mainly by tensile strains "
    The bones of individuals over 60 did not
    support so heavy a load as the bones of
    younger persons.
2097
  Evans, F. G.,  Lissner, H. R. and Pedersen
    H. E.  'STRESSCOAT' ANALYSIS OF THE HUMAN
    FEMUR.  J. Michigan M. Soc, 1948, 47: 305
    Time of appearance of cracks under static
    loading indicates the femur is a uniform
    strength member and that it behaves as an
    elastic body.  The cracks appear first at
    sites of tension.  Comparison of the
    "stresscoat" pattern with fractures shows
    that fractures occur under tension. 
117
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES  (Continued)
2098
  Evans, F. G., Pederson, H. E. and Lissner,
    H. R.  THE ROLE OF TENSILE STRESS IN THE
    MECHANISM OF FEMORAL FRACTURES.  J. Bone
    Surg., 1951, 33A: 485-501, 504.  24 refs.
    Discussion: p*7""501, 504.

2099
  Habler, C. and Reiss, 0.  EXPERIMENTELLE
    UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER DIE FESTIGKEIT DES
    KNOCHENS IM NORMALEN UND IM ZUSTAND DER
    BRUCHHEILUNG.  I. DIE MATERIALVERHALTNISSE
    NORMALER ROHRENKNOCHEN UND IHRE BEZIEHUNGEN
    ZUM KALK- UND WASSERGEHALT.  Deut. Zschr.
    Chir., 1936, 246: 486-493.  4 refs.  In
    dogs bone resistance was found to vary
    with the shape of the individual bone, age
    and weight of the animal, and bone calcium
    and water content.

2100
  Hoffmann, J.  FLUORESZENZEN AN MENSCRLICHEN
    KNOCHENASCHEN.  Biochem. Zschr., 1942, 311:
    247-251.  10 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol*;
    Abstr., Bait., 1947, 21: No. 348; Chem.
    Abstr., 1943, 37: 2655*5.

2101
 ♦Hoshijima, S.  ON THE PHOSPHORESCENCE IN HUMAN
    TISSUES.  I. THE PROOF OF THE PHOSPHORESCENCE
    IN NORMAL HUMAN TISSUES AND  ITS MEASUREMENT.
    Sc. Papers  Inst. Phys. Chem. Res., Tokyo,
    1933,  20: 109-113.  2 pi.  Abstracted in:
    Biol.  Abstr., Bait., 1934, 8: No. 17568; Chem.
    Abstr., 1933, 27: 2970.

2102
  Koch, J. C.  THE LAWS OF BONE ARCHITECTURE.
    Anat.  Rec, 1949, 103: 476.  An abstract.
    Compact human bone has an ultimate strength
    of (in pounds per square inch) tension
    17,000, compression 14,000, shear 10,000,
    and torsion 7,000.

2103
  Lindsay, M. K.  OBSERVATIONS ON FRACTURE
    HEALING IN RATS.  J. Bone Surg., 1934,
    16: 162-167.  2 refs.

2104
  Lindsay, M. K. and Howes, E. L.  THE BREAKING
    STRENGTH OF HEALING FRACTURES.  J. Bone
    Surg., 1931, 13: 491-501.  7 refs.

2105
  Linggi, A.  DIE BRUCKFESTIGKEIT DER KNOCHEN
    DES HUNDES.  73p.  Affoltern, Weiss, 1951.
    (Inaug.-Diss.-Zurich).

2106                                      „  „
  McKeown, R. M., Lindsay, M. K., Harvey, S. C.
    and Howes, E. L.  THE BREAKING STRENGTH OF
    HEALING FRACTURED FIBULAE OF RATS.  II.
    OBSERVATIONS ON A STANDARD DIET.  Arch.
    Surg., 1932, 24: 458-491.  7 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1933, 7:
    No. 19562.
2107
  Maj, G. and Toaiari, E.  LA RESISTENZA MEC-
    CANICA DEL TESSUTO OSSEO LAMELLARE COMPATTO
    MISURATA IN VARIE DIREZIONI.  Boll. Soc.
    ital. biol. sper., 1937, 12: 83-86.
21PJ
CHANICAL PROPERTIES  OF  HUMAN BONES.
Franklin Inst.,  1949, 247:  597.
J.
2109
 ♦Melon, J. and Dallemagne, M. J.  LA BIRE-
    FRINGENCE DE L'OS TOTAL.  Bull. Soc. sc.,
    Liege, 1944, 13: 254-261.  Abstracted  in:
    Chem. Abstr.,"T948, 42: 7815h.

2110
  Milch, H.  PHOTO-ELASTIC STUDIES OF BONE
    FORMS.  J. Bone Surg., 1940, 22: 621-626.
    2 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait,
    1941, 15: No- 1A900.
2111
  Panning, G.  ZUR FRAGE DER WIDERSTANDSFAHIG-
    KEIT DES KNOCHENGEWEBES GEGEN GEWALTEIN-
    WIRKUNGEN IM LEBEN UND NACH DEM TODE.
    Beitr. gerichtl. Med., 1939, 15: 84-94.  58
    refs.  A discussion, based on the literature,
    of the relative resistance of bone to force
    in the living and the dead.

2112
  RouviSre, H.  DE LA RESISTANCE DES OS ET DU
    SlEGE DES FRACTURES DES OS LONGS PAR CAUSE
    INDIRECTE.  Presse med., 1938, 46: 849-850.
    5 refs.

2113
  Schiller, A. A. and Struck, H. C.  TENSILE
    STRENGTH OF TIBIAE OF HEALED RACHITIC AND
    NORMAL RATS.  Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y.,
    1941, 46: 198-200.  1 ref.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr.. , Bait., 1941, 15: No. 10638,

2114
  Schiller, A. A., Struck, H. C. and Reed, C. I.
    THE  INFLUENCE OF RICKETS AND OF THE HEALING
    OF RICKETS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF
    THE  TIBIAE OF RATS.  Am. J. Physiol., 1942,
    138: 27-33.  5 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1943, 17: No. 13232; Nutrit.
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 1943^"44, 13: No. 428.

2115
  Selkov, IE. A. and Balygin, I.E.  OB ELEKTRO-
    FIZICHESKIKH SVOISTUAKH KOSTNOI TKANI.
    [ELECTRO-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE BONE
    TISSUE]  Biull. eksp.  biol. med.,  1939, 7:
    377-379.  2 refs.  French translation in:
    Bull. biol. m€d. exp.  URSS, 1939,  7:  385-
    387.

2116
  Sestini, F.  OSSERVAZIONI SUL COMPORTAMENTO
    DEL  TESSUTO OSSEO AL MICROSCOPIO A LUMINES-
    CENZA.  Boll. Soc. ital. biol. sper., 1947,
    23:  651-653.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,
    Sict. 1, 1949, 3: No.  807.  The phosphores-
    cence of bone in man of varying ages, of
    the  calf and cynocephalus is studied under
    various conditions with the Reichert ap-
    paratus in Wood light.  It is concluded
    that the phosphorescence is connected more
    with the organic than with the inorganic
    components.

2117
  Sestini, F.  OSSERVAZIONI SUL COMPORTAMENTO
    DEL  TESSUTO OSSEO AL MICROSCOPIO A LUMINES-
    CE NZ A .  Boll. Soc. ital. biol. sper., 1947,
    23:  835-836.  Further studies of bone phos-
    pHorescence.  The author confirms his earlier
    conclusions that the greater phosphorescence
    is shown by the organic substance.
2118
  Sestini, F.  RICERCHE CON IL MICROSCOPIO DI
    FLUORESCENZA SUL TESSUTO OSSEO.  Atti Soc.
    ital. anat., (L947) 1948, 9: 170-173.
    Studies in Wood light of the fluorescence
    of the bones of man, the calf and the cyno-
    cephalus demonstrated that the organic sub-
    stance of bone is the more fluorescent and
    that of the inorganic constituents calcium
    carbonate is the most fluorescent.  Bone
    fluorescence may be modified by heat or by
    various orientations of the osseous con-
    stituents .
2119
  Sestini,  F. and Carere-Comes, 0.  RICERCHE
    SULLA FLUORESCENZA DELL'OSSO UMANO IN C0N-
    DIZI0NI NORMALI E PATOLOGICHE.  Atti
    Accad. fLsiocr.  Siena,  1939, 11.ser.,  7-
    72-74.   4 refs.

2120
  Steindler,  A.   PHYSICAL  PROPERTIES OF BONE.
    Arch. Phys.  Ther.,  1936, 17: No. 6, 336-345.
    Specific gravity, elasticity and strength
    are discussed. 
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (Continued)
118
2121
  THE STRENGTH OF BONE.   (Editorial).  J. Am. M.
    Ass., 1936, 107: 132.  1 ref.  With particu-
    lar reference to Clarke's report stating that
    under certain conditions the strength of bone
    depends more on the organic part of this tis-
    sue than on the degree to which the inorganic
    part of bone approaches normal composition.

2122

  Virgin, W. J.  EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS
    INTO THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE INTER-
    VERTEBRAL DISC.  J. Bone Surg., 1951, 33B:
    607-611.  25 refs.  Abstracted in: BioTT"
    Abstr., Bait., 1952, 26:  No. 15276.

2123
  Weir, J. B. de V., Bell, G. H. and Chambers,
    J. W.  THE STRENGTH AND ELASTICITY OF BONE
    IN RATS ON A RACHITOGENIC DIET.  J. Bone
    Surg., 1949, 31B:  444-451.  8 refs.

See:
215	252	477	1123	1410
1412	1428	1665	1938	1948
1954	1961	1996	2026	2297
2661				
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES - VARIATIONS, AGE AND
  REGIONAL

2124
  Ingalls, N. W.  OBSERVATIONS ON BONE WEIGHTS.
    Am. J. Anat., 1931, 48: 45-98.  27 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol."Abstr.,  Bait., 1932,  6:
    No. 11312.  "The observations recorded are
    based on the dry weights of all the bones  of
    the body, either individually or in func-
    tional groups, from a series  of 100 adult
    white males 19-78 years old.   Although there
    is much variation in the behavior of dif-
    ferent bones, the tendency is for the weight
    to rise to what may be called the peak of
    development, decline then, and rise a second
    time as early age changes add to the weight,
    and finally subside in the atrophy of old
    age." - Biol. Abstr.

2125
  Maj, G.  OSSERVAZIONI SULLE DIFFERENZE T0P0-
    GRAFICHE DELLA RESISTENZA MECCANICA DEL
    TESSUTO OSSEO DI UNO STESSO SEGMENTO
    SCHELETRICO.  Monit. zool. ital., 1938, 49:
    139-149.  9 refs.

2126
  Maj, G.  RESISTENZA MECCANICA DEL TESSUTO
    OSSEO A DIVERSI LIVERLLI DI UNO STESSO
    OSSO.  Boll. Soc. ital. biol. sper., 1938,
    13: 413-415.  3 refs.

2127
  Maj, G.  STUDIO SULLE VARIAZIONI INDIVIDUALI
    E TOPOGRAFICHE DELLA RESISTENZA MECCANICA
    DEL TESSUTO OSSEO DIAFISARIO  UMANO IN DI-
    VERSE ETA.  Arch. ital. anat., 1942, 47:
    612-633.  17 refs.
See:

  2092
2096
2099
2121
2129
  Bodansky, M., Campbell, K. and Duff, V- B-
    NUTRITIONAL VS. ENDOCRINE FACTORS  IN BON*.
    METABOLISM DURING PREGNANCY.  Texas J. M. ,
    1938, 34: 339-343.  28 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1938-39, 8:
    No. 4962.

2130
  Ellinger, G. M., Duckworth, J., Dalgarno,
    A. C. and Quenouille, M. H.  SKELETAL
    CHANGES DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION IN
    THE RAT: EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF
    DIETARY CALCIUM.  Brit. J. Nutrit., 1952,
    6: 235-253.   10 refs.  Abstracted  in:
    Excerpta med., Sect. 2, 1953, 6:  No. 5501.

2131
  Erdheim, J.  BIOLOGIE DER SCHWANGERSCHAFTS-
    ZELLEN UND IHRE BEZIEHUNG ZUM SKELET.
    Frankf. Zschr. Path., 1936, 49: 452-478.
    22 refs.

2132
  Fontana, G.  SULLA COMPOSIZIONE MINERALE DELLE
    OSSA IN GRAVIDANZA.  NOTA PREVENTIVA.  Mschr.
    Geburtsh. Gyn., 1942, 113: 57-61.  21 refs.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1944, 38: 37036.
    In pregnant guinea pigs the mineral composi-
    tion of the femurs was determined  at various
    intervals.  Practically no change  in mineral
    content during gestation was observed.

2133
  Warnock, G. M. and Duckworth, J.  CHANGES IN
    THE SKELETON DURING GESTATION AND  LACTATION
    IN THE RAT.  Biochem. J., Lond., 1944, 38:
    220-224.  13 refs.  Abstracted in: BiolT"
    Abstr., Bait., 1945, 19: No. 18477; Nutrit.
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 1944^*45, 14: No. 2483.

See:

  874

REGENERATION AND REPAIR

  see also HORMONAL INFLUENCE - ADRENAL CORTEX,
  - THYMUS, SPLEEN AND PINEAL BODY, and - THY-
  ROID; MECHANICAL INFLUENCE;  NEURAL INFLUENCE;
  TISSUE TRANSPLANTS;  VITAMIN INFLUENCE - VITAMIN
  C, and - VITAMIN D

2134
  Aizupet, M. P.  ISSLEDOVANIE REGENERATSION-
    NYKH PROTSESSOV RAZVIVAIUSHCHIKHSIA KOSTEI
    [STUDY OF THE REGENERATIVE PROCESSES IN DE-
    VELOPING BONES]  Bull.  Acad, sc. URSS, ser
    biol., 1943, 332-342.  24 refs.  English
    summary.

2135
  Annersten, S.  UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER DIE
    ALKALISIERUNG IM FRAKTURCALLUS.  Arch  klin
    Chir., 1942, 203:  122-136.  17 refs   In   '
    young rabbits experimental studies were made
    of variations in the acid-base balance of
    the fracture callus.

2136
 ♦Axhausen, W.  DIE KNOCHENREGENERATION - FTN
    TT^SS8 Jf"ES GESCHEHEN-. ™ "fair . , 1^52,
    Zrt  I  iZko A^tracted in: Excerpta'med. , '
    Sect. 9, 1952, 6:  No. 7099.
PREGNANCY - EFFECT ON BONE


2128
  Bodansky, M. and Duff, V. B.  RELATION OF
    PARATHYROID FUNCTION AND DIET TO THE MIN-
    ERAL COMPOSITION OF THE BONES OF RATS AT
    THE CONCLUSION OF PREGNANCY.  J. Nutrit.,
    1941, 21: 235-242.  4 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Chem. Abstr., 1941, 35: 59416; Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1941,"15: No. 12139.
2137
  Baker,  S.  L.   THE HISTOLOGY OF CALLUS   j
    Bone  Surg.,  1948,  30B:  207.  An abstract.

2138
  Barber, C. G.   A FEW HISTOCHEMICAL CONSIDFRA
    TIONS RELATIVE TO BONE GROWTH AND REPAIR
    Arch. Surg., 1948, 57:  862-870.  19 refs
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1953, 47-
    5523f.  A review concerned chiefly with
    the healing of fractures. 
119
REGENERATION AND REPAIR  (Continued)
2139
  Bauer, G. [C.  H.]  INFLUENCE OF EARLIER FRAC-
    TURE ON BONE-REPAIR IN RATS STUDIED BY MEANS
    OF RADIOCALCIUM.  Acta orthop. scand., 1952,
    22: 85-87.  12 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Sb"str., Bait., 1953, 27: No. 16389.  In rats,
    the uptake of radiocalcium in the fracture
    of tibia was unaffected by previous fracture
    of the humerus.

2140
  Becker, F.  KLINISCHE UND EXPERIMENTELLE UN-
    TERSUCHUNGEN UBER EIN BESONDERES REGENERA-
    TIONSVERMbGEN  IN DER EPIPHYSENNARBENZONE
    LANGER ROHRENKNOCHEN.  Deut. Zschr. Chir.,
    1941, 254: 488-541.  66 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1945, 19: No.
    13021.  Clinical and experimental research
    on a special power of regeneration in  the
    epiphyseal juncture zone of  the  long bones.
2141
  Bohr, H. and Stfrensen, A.  H.   STUDY OF FRAC-
    TURE HEALING BY MEANS OF RADIOACTIVE TRA-
    CERS.  J. Bone Surg., 1950,  32A:  567-574.
    13  refs.  Abstracted  in: Chem. Abstr.,  1953,
    47: 2867f; Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1951,  25:
    No. 1828.  "Experiments  with radiophos-
    phorus and radiocalcium  administered to
    rats at  different  periods  during the heal-
    ing of fractures,  show  increased activity
    of  the bone  ash from  the  fractured bone  as
    compared  with  the  ash from homologous  in-
    tact bone of  the same animal.   Further in-
    vestigations  indicate that this  effect is
    due mostly to  an increased exchange  of
    phosphorus and calcium between the  plasma
    and the  mineral substance  of the bone.
    Measurements  of the separated  epiphysis  in-
    dicate that  this process  involves  the  whole
    bone and  the  proximal epiphysis  of  the tibia
    as  well." Reports by other authors  of in-
    creased  metabolic  activity involving all  of
    the skeleton  were  not confirmed.
2142
  Bourne,  G.  H.   THE RELATIVE  IMPORTANCE OF
    PERIOSTEUM AND ENDOSTEUM IN BONE HEALING
    AND THE  RELATIONSHIP  OF  VITAMIN  C  TO THEIR
    ACTIVITIES.   Proc.  R. Soc.  M.,  Lond.,  1944,
    37: 275-279.   12 refs.   Abstracted  in:
    C*Eem. Abstr.,  1944,  38:  55629; Nutrit.
    Abstr., Aberdeen,  1933-45,  14: No.  2303.
2143
  Cavallini Francolini, C. and  Carbonera,  D.
    AZIONE DEL SIERO RETICOLO-STIMOLANTE UMANO
    SULLA FORMAZIONE DEL  CALLO DI  FRATTURA
    (RICERCHE SPERIMENTALI).   Rass.  internaz.
    clin.  ter.,  1950,  30: 195-199.   Abstracted
    in: Excerpta med.,  Sect. 5,  1951, 4: No.
    2980.  In young rabbits histological studies
    were made of the effects on fracture healing
    of a human "reticulo-stimulating" serum.
2144
  Cavaye  Hazen.  E.  and Valdes Santurio,  E.  R.
    CONTRIBUCION AL ESTUDIO BIOQUIMICO DEL
    HUESO Y DEL  CALLO DE  FRACTURA.   (ESTUDIO
    QUIMICO COMPARATIVO ENTRE EL TRATAMIENTO DE
    LOS FRACTURAS POR IMMOVILIZACION ESCAYOLA
    Y EL  METODO  DE  KUNTSCHER).   Cir.  ap.
    locomotor, Madr.,  1948,  5:  2-17.   31  refs.
    Abstracted in:  Chem.  Abstr.,  1952, 46:
    11419B.
2145
  Charpy, P.  SUR LA  PRESENCE DANS  LE SANG  DES
    FRACTURES D'UNE SUBSTANCE EXCITATRICE DE LA
    REFECTION OSSEUSE.  Sang,  Par.,  1938, 12:
    540-541.  Abstracted  in:  Chem.  Abstr.,
    1939, 33: 29635.


2146
 ♦Cretin, A.  CONTRIBUTION A  L'ETUDE  DE L'OSSI-
    FICATION ET  LA  REPARATION DES OS  FRACTURES.
    LES CONDITIONS  PHYSICO-CHIMIQUES  ET LE  ROLE
    DU TISSU ELASTIQUE DANS LA  REPARATION OSSEUSE.
    130p.  Paris, 1948.   (Thdse - Univ.,  Fac. sc.)
    Abstracted in:   Biol. Abstr.,  Bait., 1949, 23:
    No.  3684.
2147
  Dallemagne, M. J.  LE CALCIUM ET LE PHOSPHORE
    DANS LA REGENERATION OSSEUSE.  Rapp. Cong.
    Soc. internat. chir., 1938, 11.Congr., 1:
    730-733.  In rabbits, after sub-periosteal
    section of the ulna, comparative determina-
    tions were made at intervals of the calcium
    and phosphorus content of the new bone for-
    mation, the sectioned ends of the ulna and
    of the homologous "sympathetic" bone
2148
  Dallemagne, M. J.  INFLUENCE DiUNE RESECTION
    OSSEUSE SUR LES ELEMENTS MINERAUX DU SQUE-
    LETTE Dy LAPIN ADULTE.  RESECTIONS OSTEO-
    PERIOSTEES SANS RESTAURATION OSSEUSE.   Acta
    biol.  belg., 1941,  1: 502-504.   An osteo-
    periosteal resection was made in the mid-
    diaphysis of the ulna of adult  rabbits after
    electrocoagulation  of the resected and sur-
    rounding periosteum.   No new bone formation
    occurred and no mineral mobilization was  ob-
    served in any part  of the skeleton.
2149
  Danno, K.  [EXPERIMENTELLE STUDIEN UBER DEN
    GASSTOFFWECHSEL BEIM KNOCHENBRUCH]  Mitt.
    Med. Ges. Tokyo, 1938, 52: 1086-1117.   43
    refs.  German abstr., p. 1086.
2150
  Danno, K.  [KLINISCHE STUDIEN UBER DEN GAS-
    STOFFWECHSEL BEI KNOCHENBRUCHEN UND ANDEREN
    KNOCHENERKRANKUNGEN]  Mitt. Med. Ges.
    Tokyo, 1938, 52: 1047-1085.  43 refs.
    German abstr., p. 1047-1048.

  Dick, L.  THE REGENERATION OF BONE AND CARTI-
    LAGE.  J. internat. chir., Brux., 1953, 13:
    175.  Translations into German, Spanish,
    French and Italian, p. 175-178.  A short
    survey of the study of the growth and  re-
    pair of bone.  Normal bone is in a constant
    state of growth, resorption and replacement
    giving it the power of regeneration and re-
    pair.  Its development from pluripotential
    mesenchymatous cells is affected by many
    factors, nutritional, hormonal, mechanical
    and chemical.
2152
  Downs, W. G.. Jr. and McKeown, R. M.  HISTOL-
    OGY OF HEALING FRACTURES IN RATS ON NORMAL
    DIETS.  Arch. Surg., 1932, 25:  94-107.  13
    refs.  Abstracted in: Biol."Abstr.,  Bait.,
    1934, 8: No. 16549.
2153
  Emiliani, P.  BLOCCO DEL SISTEMA RETICOLO
    ENDOTELIALE E SUA VALUTAZIONE FUNZIONALE
    NELLA FORMAZIONE DEL CALLO OSSEO.  Gazz.
    internaz. med. chir., 1939, 49- 447-463
    46 refs.                    —
2154
  Enneking. W. F.  THE REPAIR OF COMPLETE  FRAC-
    TURES OF RAT TIBIAS.  Anat. Rec, 1948, 101:
    515-537.  3 pi.  24 refs.  Abstracted  in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1949, 23:  No. 4134.
    "It was concluded that bone arises from the
    osteogenic cells lining all the free sur-
    faces of the bone;  that cartilage arises
    from the torn ends of the periosteum;  that
    the  periosteal and endosteal responses are
    of equal value; and that the fractured ends
    of the bone are joined by an encompassing
    jacket when union between them is impos-
    sible."

2155
  Eskelund, V.  and Plum,  C. M.  EXPERIMENTAL
    INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE HEALING OF FRAC-
    TURES.  HEALING OF  RACTURES OF  THE FE-
    MORAL DIAPHYSIS IN RATS.  Acta  orthop.
    scand., 1950,  19: 433-475.  27  refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol.  Abstr., Bait., 1951,
    25: No. 17438.  The studies suggest that
    IBe epithelial cells of the bladder contain
    a substance which promotes the  healing of
    fractures.   Extracts of liver and heterolo-
    gous brain tissue had no definite effect
    and heterologous stomach tissue no effect
    at all. 
120
REGENERATION AND REPAIR  (Continued)
 2156
   Fiocca, S. and Rusconi,  A.  RICERCHE SULLA
     METACROMASIA.  NOTA I. IL COMPORTAMENTO
     DELLE SOSTANZE METACROMATICHE NELL'EVOLU-
     ZIONE DEL CALLO NELLE FRATTURE SPERIMENTA-
     LI.  Arch. chir. ortop., 1952, 17- 214-
     218.  21 refs.                 —

 2157
  ♦Fontaine, R.f-Chevallier,  A.,  Mandel,  P.  and
     Wiest, E.  ETUDE EXPERJMENTALE,  HISTOLOGIQUE
     ET BIOCHIMIQUE DE LA REPARATION DES  FRACTURES
     CHEZ LE CHIEN.  Lyon chir.,  1950,  45:  145-
     160.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,  Sect. 1,
     1950, 4: No. 1348.

 2158
   Freund, E.  HISTOLOGISCHE  UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER
     DEN HEILUNGSVORGANG BEI  EINGEKEILTEN SCHEN-
     KELHALSBRUCHEN.  Arch, orthop. Unfallchir.,
     1930, 28: 489-520.  32 refs.  Abstracted
     in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1932, 6:  No.  17304.
     Histologic studies of  the healing  processes
     in seven cases of impacted fracture  of the
     human femur neck.

 2159
   Galakhov. E. V.  NEKOTORYE DETALI OKOSTENENIIA
     KOSTNOI MOZOLI (EXPERIMENTAL'NOE  ISSLEDO-
     VANIE).  [SOME DETAILS OF THE CALLUS OSSIFI-
     CATION (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)]  Ortop.
     traumat., Kharkov, 1933, 7:  No.  2, 49-53.
     8 refs.

 2160
   Gelbke, H. and Egbert, G.   TIEREXPERIMENTELLE
     STUDIE AN DER VERLETZTEN EPIPHYSENFUGE.
     Zschr. Orthop., 1953,  83:  201-219.  14 refs.
     Abstracted in: Excerpta  med.,  Sect.  9,  1953,
     7:  No. 6452.  Lesions  of the epiphyseal
     cartilage were produced  on growing dogs
     and rabbits  by chisel  and  saw.   It was
     found that "most lesions healed  by bone  for-
     mation" and  that "split  fractures  without
     dislocation  are not  followed by  the  arrested
     growth or deformities  which  result from
     larger injuries." Microscopical findings
     are presented.

 2161
   Giangrasso,  G.   AZIONE DELLA DIETA ACIDA E
     BASICA SULLA FORMAZIONE  DEL  CALLO  OSSEO  NELLE
     FRATTURE  SPERIMENTALI.   Riv. pat.  sper.,  1938,
     21:  67-92.   14  refs.
2162
   Giangrasso,  G.   SISTEMA  RETICOL-ISTIOCITARIO
    E VITAMINA C NELLE FRATTURE  SPERIMENTALI.
    Riv.  pat.  sper.,  1939, 23: 1-40.   42 refs.
    Abstracted in:  Chem. AbsTr.,  1941, 35:
    59474.
2163
  Giannoni, G.   RICERCHE SPERIMENTALI  SULLE
    MODIFICAZIONI DELLA  CONCENTRAZIONE IDRO-
    GENIONICA  NELLA  FORMAZIONE DEL CALLO DI
    FRATTURA.  Accad.  med., Genova,  1939,  54:
    125-146.   15 refs.
 2164
  Gre,une, h.  EXPERIMENTELLE  UNTERSUCHUNGEN tJBER
    0RTLICHEN VERSCHIEBUNGEN  DER AKTUELLEN REAK-
    TION BEI KNOCHENBRUCHEN.   Deut. Zschr. Chir  ,
    1931, 230: 324-330.  1 ref.
2165
  Haldeman, K. 0. and Moore,  J. M.   INFLUENCE OF
    A LOCAL EXCESS OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS ON
    THE HEALING OF FRACTURES: AN EXPERIMENTAL
    STUDY.  Arch. Surg., 1934, 29: 385-396.   18
    refs.  Abstracted in: Biol."Abstr., Bait.,
    1935, 9: No. 16848.  "Microscopic examina-
    tion sHowed that in normal healing under
    favorable conditions a continued excess of
    Ca and P at the site of fracture either did
    not influence the rate of union or retard
    it.  In delayed healing due to unknown
    causes, tricalcium phosphate appeared to
    favor the union.  In no case did monocal-
    cium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate or
    calcium glycerophate have a favorable in-
    fluence."
 "lam,  A.  W.   A HISTOLOGICAL STTOY OF THE EARLY
     PHASES OF BONE REPAIR.   J.  Bone Surg ,  1930,
     12-  827-844.   34 refs.   Abstracted in.  Biol.
     A*Bstr.#, Bait., 1932,  6:  No.  8310.

 2167
   Ham,  A  W   SOME HISTOPHYSIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
     PECULIAR  TO CALCIFIED TISSUES.   J. Bone
     Surg ,  1952,  34A:  701-728.   12  refs.  The
     processes involved in growth and repair are
     illustrated and discussed.


   Hasche-Kltlnder,  R.  and  Gelbke,  H.   TIER-
    VERSUCHE  ZUR  HISTOMECHANIK DER  CALLUSBILD-
    UNG  ALS KRITIK DER LEHRE KROMPECHERS.   Arch.
    klin.  Chir.,  1952,  274:  62-87.   86 refs.
    Abstracted  in: Internat.  Abstr.  Surg.,
    1953,  97:  284.

 2169
   Hellner,  H.   EXPERIMENTELLE UNTERSUCHUNGEN
    t)BER DIE  WIRKUNG DES  PHOSPHORS  AUF DAS
    KNOCHENGEWEBE.   Arch.  klin.  Chir., 1932,
    169: 1-16.  26 refs.   Abstracted in:
    Uutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1932-33, 2T: No.
    452.   "There  is no evidence  that phosphorus
    administration is of  any value  in promoting
    callus  formation,  but theoretically it
    seems  to  be of value  wherever there is  ex-
    cessive osseous degeneration, as in osteitis
    fibrosa."  - Nutrit. Abstr.

 2170
   Hellstadius,  A.   STUDY  ON  THE  FORMATION OF
    NEW  BONE.   Acta orthop.  scand.,  1950, 20:
    89-93.  Abstracted in: Biol.  Abstr., Bait.,
    1951,  25: No.  14030.   "It was shown in  ani-
    mal  experiments that  bone-forming granula-
    tion tissue,  which develops  on  the surface
    of a bone,  suffers ill effects  if the soft
    parts  are held away from the  bone so that
    they do not come  into contact with the
    granulation tissue.   As  a result of this
    separation  the non-specific  granulation
    tissue is transformed mainly  into connect-
    ive  tissue  and only to a minor  degree into
    bone tissue."

2171
   Herlyn, K. E.,  Haas,  M, and Rinne,  H.   KNOCHEN-
    AN- UND -ABBAU UNTER  DER EINWIRKUNG VON
    KURZWELLEN.   Zbl.  Chir.,  1937,  64:  811-815.

 2172
   Heusser, H.   DIE BIOLOGIE  DER  FRAKTURHEILUNG.
    Helvet. chir.  acta, 1945, 12: 469-488.
    Approx. 50  refs.   Discussion: 556-563.  Ab-
    stracted in: Praxis, Bern, 1945,  34:  606;
    Schweiz. med.  Wschr.,  1946,  76:  6*27
2173                            —
  Hoffmeister,  W.   BLUTKALKSPIEGEL  BEI KNOCHEN-
    BRUCHEN UND -ERKRANKUNGEN.  Deut. Zschr.
    Chir., 1933,  240:  414-420.
2174
   Imanaga,  H., Cho, M., Kurita,  I. and  Nozaki,
    N.  STUDY ON CA45 DISTRIBUTION IN FRACTURED
RABBITS AFTER INJECTION OF CA45cLo.  Nagoya
J. M. Sc., 1952, 15: 141-145.  10 refs,
Abstracted
28: No. 934;
2175
 i»o^,  u:  iii-i^ia,   ly refs
 in: BioT.  Abstr., Bait.,  1954
I; Chem. Abstr.,  1953,  47;  9459h.
Imperati,  L.   LA CAPACITA DI ASSORBIMENTO DEL
  CALLO DI FRATTURA:  RICERCHE SPERIMENTAIT
  Folia med.,  Nap.,  1938, 24:  887-901   ni '
  9 refs.                                P '
2176
Kanematsu,  T.  [UBER DEN EINFLUSS AUF nir
  HEILUNGSPROZESSE DER KNOCHENBRUCHE RFx
  ERH0HTER  FUNKTION DER EPITHELKORPERCHFN
  DURCH HOMOIOGENE TRANSPRANTATION [SloTl
  ODER HETER0GENE EXTRAKTINJEKTION DERSFtr,™
  UNTER GLEICHZEITIGER PERORALER ZUFUHR Vnv
  CHLORKALZIUM]   Okayama igakkai zassi  iq,c
  47:  245-278.   5 pi.   97 refs.   German «£ '
  mary, p.  245-246.                    n su,n- 
121
REGENERATION AND REPAIR  (Continued)
2177
  Ftoy, J. A.  THE EFFECT OF A LOCAL CALCIUM DE-
    POT ON OSTEOGENESIS AND HEALING OF FRAC-
    TURES.  J. Bone Surg., 1934, 16: 176-184.
    2 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol."Abstr., Bait.,
    1936, 10: No. 884.  "Neither calcium phos-
    phate and carbonate in the proportions in
    which they occur in bone, nor bone powder,
    made by removing the organic matter  from
    bone, appear to stimulate osteogensis of
    bone when implanted in a bone defect."

2177a
  Korff, K. von.  DIE DEGENERATION DES KNOCHEN-
    BRUCHES, INSBESONDERE DIE DIFFERENZIERUNG
    DES LOCKEREN BINDEGEWEBES DER BRUCHSTELLE
    IN KNORPEL- UND KNOCHENGRUNDSUBSTANZ DES
    CALLUS.  Virchows Arch., 1930, 276:  111-140
    20 refs.                       ---

2178
  Kotliarevskii, M. L.  K VOPROSU O ISTOCHNIKAKH
    KAL'TSIEVYKH SOLEI INDUSHCHIKH NA POSTROIENIE
    KOSTNOI MOZOLI.  [SOURCES OF CALCIUM SALTS
    IN THE CALLUS FORMATION]  Sborn. nauch. rabot
    Samarkand, med. inst., 1947, 7: 215-218.  Ab-
    stracted in: Sovet. med. referat. obozr.,
    Sect. Khir., 1950, No. 5, 63.  Experiment
    with rabbits to determine sources of the
    calcium and phosphorus salts participating
    in bone regeneration.  It was found  that
    after consumption of local resources of these
    salts, ions of calcium and phosphorus, under
    influence of endocrine glands arrive in
    blood and lymph streams from distal  sections
    of body.

2179
  Krompecher, S.  DIE BEDEUTUNG DES KN0RPEL-
    CALLUS.  Virchows Arch., 1939, 305:  394-
    404.

2180
  Kub&nyi, E.  CALLUSBILDUNG UND SAUREBASEN-
    GLEICHGEWICHT.  Arch. klin. Chir., 1930,
    158: 203-213.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1932, 6: No. 6893.  The formation of
    callus after experimental fracture was
    studied in relation to acid-base equilibrium.
    Guinea pigs and rats were used in the study.

2181
  KUng,  H. L.  UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER DIE CALLUS-
    BILDUNG BEI RATTEN.  Helvet. chir. acta,
    1951, 18: 64-71.  8 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Excerpta med., Sect. 9, 1952, 6: No. 641.
    An histological study.

2182
 ♦KUntscher, G.  VIEL ODER WENIG CALLUS?  Mschr.
    Unfalh., 1953, 56: 321-331.

2183
  Kugelmass, I. N. and Berg, R. N.  OSSIFICATION.
    I. CALLUS FORMATION AND CALCIFICATION.  Am.
    J. Dis. Child., 1931, 41: 236-248.   3 refs.
    Abstracted In: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1931, 5:
    No. 29135; Chem. Abstr., 1931, 25: 2185,
    "Ossification is a local transformation of
    fibrous tissue into bone, the constituents
    of which are derived from the blood.  Bone
    repair is a local rather than a systemic
    process, and union may therefore be  induced
    or accelerated by local therapeutic mea-
    sures."
2184
  Lacroix, P.  OS ET CARTILAGE.  J. internat.
    chir., Brux., 1953, 13: 179.  Translations
    into German, English, Spanish and Italian,
    p. 180-183.  "The mechanisms which take
    part in the healing of a bone lesion" are
    illustrated by comparing a fracture site
    to an intramuscular graft with lacerated
    periosteum, bruised marrow and bony splin-
    ters and observing "what happens to each...
    when grafted separately at different sites.1
2185
  La
uber, H. J., Nafziger, H. and Bersin, T.
FRAKTUREN UND VITAMIN-C-HAUSHALT.  Klin.
Wschr., 1937, 16: 1313-1315.  Abstracted
in: Chem. Abstr., 1938, 32: 13068.
2186                   -           -
  Leriche, R.  DE L'OSTEOGENESE APRES OSTEOLYSE.
    DES OSTEOLYSES AVEC RECONSTRUCTION.  Progr.
    m6d., Par., 1939, No. 8, 261-266.

2187
  Loreto, C.  SUL CONTENUTO IN CALCIO DEI SEG-
    MENTI OSSEI SEDE DI FRATTURA SPERIMENTALE.
    N0TA PREVENTIVA.  Ann. ital. chir., 1930,
    9: 1283-1289.  4 refs.  Abstracted in:  Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1932, 6: No. 13431.

2188
  May, H.  DIE VASKULARISATION GANZER, RE-
    PLANTIERTER RADII BEIM HUNDE UND IHRE
    BEZIEHUNG ZUR KNOCHEN- UND MARK-REGENERA-
    TION, ZUM WACHSTUM UND ZUM GELENKKNORPEL.
    Beitr. klin. Chir., 1934,  160:  30-74.   5
    refs.  In dogs after subpereosteal reim-
    plantation of the whole radius  the implants
    were injected at intervals with a terpentine
    mercury solution and the vascularization and
    marrow regeneration studied at  various
    stages.

2189
  Meltzer, H. and Dieffenbach,  E.   UBER DIE
    ANORGANISCHEN VORgAnGE BEI  DER  FRAKTUR-
    HEILUNG.   Arch.  klin.  Chir.,  1939,  195:
    18-29.  23 refs.   Abstracted  in:  Chem.
    Abstr.,  1943,  37:  4514.

2190
  Micotti, R.  CONTRIBUTO ALLA  QUESTIONE DEL
    COMPORTAMENTO DEL SISTEMA  RETICOLO ENDO-
    TBLIALE NELLE RIPARAZIONI  DELLE FRATTURE OS-
    SEE.  (RICERCHE SPERIMENTALI.)   Arch,  ortop.,
    Milano, 1933,  49:  211-244.   Approx. 30 refs.
    Abstracted in:~Biol.  Abstr.,  Bait., 1935,  9:
    No. 1654.

2191
  Mucci, D.  GLI ELEMENTI ISTICCITARI NELLA
    FORMAZIONE DEL CALLO OSSEO.  Chir.  org.
    movim., 1932,  17:  498-508.   16  refs.
2192
  Murray,  C.  R.   THE MODERN CONCEPTION  OF BONE
    FROMATION AND ITS RELATION TO SURGERY.   J.
    Dent.  Res.,  1931, 11:  837-845.
2193
  Nunnemacher, R. F.  EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON
    THE CARTILAGE PLATES IN THE LONG BONES OF
    THE RAT.  Am. J. Anat., 1939,  65: 253-289.
    5 pi.  27 refs.  Abstracted in:  Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1939, 13: No. 14998.
2194
  Paes Vasconcelos,  F.   CONSOLIDACAO OSSEA.
    Bol. clin.  hosp. civ.  Lisboa,  1952,  16:  19-
    30.  6 pi.  2 refs.   English summary.   Ab-
    stracted in: Excerpta  med., Sect. 9,  1953,
    7: No. 8309.  Discussion of the effect of
    acid-base variations on calcification and
    bone consolidation.  Injection of an alka-
    line solution at the site of a fracture
    resulted in rapid consolidation.
2195
  Paolucci,  F.   SUL SISTEMA RETIC0L0ISTI0CITARI0
    0 DI GOLDMANN NEL CALLO OSSEO (E SULLA FUN-
    ZIONE FAGOCITARIA DEI MEGACARIOCITI).   RI-
    CERCHE SPERIMENTALI.  Ann. ital. chir.,
    1930, 9: 1012-1029.  36 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1932, 6: No.  8262. 
REGENERATION AND REPAIR  (Continued)
122
2196
  Papa, A. and Buonomo La  Rossa, B    IL TETRA-
    ETILAMMONIO  NEL  PROCESSO DI GUARIGIONE DELLE
    FRATTURE.  Gior.  ital.  chir., 1950, 6: 611-
    622.   20  refs.   In rabbits with experimental
    fracture  of  the  radius, a study was made of
    the effects  of intramuscular injections of
    tetra-ethyl-ammonium chloride.   Radiological
    and histological  examinations showed  favor-
    avle  evolution of the  callus with more rapid
    and better ossification.

2197
  Piccoli, B. and Piscitelli, L.  L'AZIONE
    DELL'ISOTERAPIA  SUL PROCESSO DI  0STE0-
    GENESI.  (RICERCHE SPERIMENTALI).  Acta
    chir.  patav., 1951, 7:  278-296.   7 refs.
    Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 1,
    1953,  7:  No. 1929.  Subperiosteal rib
    resection was performed in dogs  and
    placental tissue  transplanted to, or some
    distance  from,the resected area.  In  both
    cases  osteogenesis was  faster than in con-
    trol  animals.

2198
  Pincussen,  L.  and  Neumann, B.  UBER BEZIE-
    HUNGEN DER KNOCHENBRUCHHEILUNG  ZU CHEMISCHEN
    VERA'nDERUNGEN IM  BLUTE  UND IHRE  BEEINFLUS-
    SUNG DURCH CALCIUM-VITAMINBEHANDLUNG.  Arch.
    klin.  Chir., 1931, 165: 483-494.  7 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1932,
    6: No. 21881.  During  fracture  healing
    Blood  determinations at regular intervals
    demonstrated a shift in blood cations.  In
    rabbits  the  shift was  to potassium, in man
    to magnesium.  After treatment  with Pro
    Ossa  the  fluctuations  decreased  and improved
    and accelerated  callus  formation was  ob-
    served in man and animal.
2199
  Polezhaev,  L.  V.   0 ZNACHENII SKELETA PRI RE-
    GENERATSII KONECHNOSTEI U POZVONOCHNYKH
    ZHIVOTNYKH.  [ROLE OF  THE SKELETON IN LIMB
    REGENERATION IN  VERTEBRATES]  Doklady Akad.
    nauk SSSR, 1949,  69: 869-872.   9 refs.  In
    amphibia, the role of  the skeleton in re-
    generation of the extremities differs at
    various ontogenetic and phylogenetic  de-
    velopmental stages, depending especially
    upon the  degree of destruction  of the
    skeleton.  By experimentally increasing
    destruction, it  is possible to  obtain an
    atypical  regeneration  of the extremities
    in vertebrates normally incapable of  such
    regeneration.
2200
  Polezhaev,  L. V. and Ramenskaia,  G. P.  RE-
    GENERATSIIA KONECHNOSTEI U ZHERLIANOK,
    VYZVANNAIA PRODUKTAMI GIDROLIZA  KHRIASHCHA.
    [THE REGENERATION OF THE LIMBS  IN THE B0M-
    BINA BOMBINA PROVOKED BY THE PRODUCTS OF
    CARTILAGE HYDROLYSIS]  Doklady  Akad.  nauk
    SSSR,  1950, 70: 141-144.  8 refs.
2201
  Policard, A, ^.SUR QUELQUES MECANISMES HISTO-
    LOGIQUES ElEMENTAIRES  INTERVENANT DANS LA
    REPARATION OSSEUSE.  Presse m6d., 1940, 48:
    409-411.  Discussion of the histological
    mechanisms which  take part in bone repair,
    with special consideration of the role of
    collagen  fibrils.
2202
  Pollock, G. A.-and  Ghormley, R. K.  EARLY RE-
    PAIR OF BONE: AN  EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CER-
    TAIN FACTORS.  J. Bone Surg., 1941, 23:
    273-279.  1 ref.  Abstracted in:  BioTT
    Abstr., Bait.,  1942, 16: No. 7178.

2203
  Pritchard,  J. J.   REPAIR OF FRACTURES OF THE
    PARIETAL BONE IN  RATS.  J. Anat., Lond.,
    1946, 80: 55-59.  2 pi.  5 refs.  Ab-
    stracted  in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1946, 20:
    No. 12779.  "Evidence suggests  that new
    bone formation is initiated by humoral
    rather than mechanical stimuli  in the case
    of the skull vault."
  Pritchard, J. J.  STIMULATION OF NEW BONE
    PRODUCTION.  J. Anat., ^.,1946, »U^
    235.  From experiments with rats it was
    concluded that in early fracture repair
    an essential stimulus to bone regenera-
    tion "resides in the inflammatory exudate,
    after leucocytic emigration has ceased.

2205
  Pritchard, J. J. and Ruzicka, A. J.  AN EX-
    PERIMENTAL STUDY OF FRACTURE REPAIR IN
    LACERTA VIVIPARA.  J. Anat., Lond., 1950,
    84:  69.  An abstract.

2206
  Pritchard, J. J. and Ruzicka, A. J.  COMPARI-
    SON OF FRACTURE REPAIR IN THE FROG, LIZARD
    AND RAT.  J. Anat., Lond., 1950, 84: 236-
    261.  5 pi.  27 refs.  A histological study
    covering: General features of the repair
    process; time-course of repair and the in-
    fluence of temperature; the periosteal
    blastema; the medullary blastema; the paro-
    steal blastema; the organization of the
    haematoma; replacement of cartilage by
    bone; calcification; and phosphatase ac-
    tivity.

2207
  Provenzale, L. and Pariente, R.  L'USO DEL
    TANNIN0 NELLE ARTROPLASTICHE  (RICERCHE
    SPERIMENTALI).  Policlinoco,  1950, 57: 10-
    25.  29 refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta
    med., Sect. 9, 1951, 5: No. 2456.  "The
    cancellous bone of dogs, after removal of
    the articular cartilage of the knee joint,
    was bathed in a solution of tannin in di-
    lute alcohol, with a resulting absence of
    ankylosis.  In guinea pigs the same solu-
    tion was injected around experimental dia-
    physeal fractures with resulting absence
    of callus." - Excerpta med.

2208
  Radasch, H. E.  SENILITY OF BONE AND ITS RELA-
    TION TO BONE REPAIR.  Surg. Gyn. Obst., 1930,
    51: 42-49.  Contents: Types of bone. - Medul-
    lary index. - Bone repair and regeneration. -
    Femur. - Tibia. -  Senility of bone in rela-
    tion to bone repair.
2209
  Ray, R. D. and Ward, A. A., Jr.  A PRELIMINARY
    REPORT ON STUDIES OF BASIC CALCIUM PHOSPHATE
    IN BONE REPLACEMENT.  Surg. Forum, 1951,
    p. 429-434.  23 refs.  "Synthetic hydroxy-
    apatite crystals have been used to repair
    surgical defects in the long bones of 3 dogs,
    trephine holes in the iliac wings of 12 dogs,
    and trephine holes in the skulls of 16 cats
    and 6 monkeys.  The results of these studies
    revealed that the crystals were incorporated
    in the new bone and that they were also re-
    placed in the process of ossification, ap-
    parently acting as a matrix for bone forma-
    tion . ...  Healing was not as rapid as the
    repair observed when the defects were filled
    with fresh autogenous cancellous bone chips."

2210
  Roche,  J.   RECHERCHES BIOCHIMIQUES SUR LES
    REACTIONS GENERALES §U SQUELETTE APREs FRAC-
    TURE D'UN OS E.T UNITE PHYSIOLOGIQUE DU SYS
    TEME OSSEUX.  J.  chir.,  Par.,  1939, 53.  737.
    745.                                 —'
2211
ill
Roche, J. and Mourgue, H.  RECHERCHES <?m» T ,«o
  SIFICATION.  VIII. TENEUR EN PHOS^HOwPft 2v"
  CALCIUM DES CALS DE FRACTURE ET BIOChTu?* SL
  REPARATIONS OSSEUSES.  Tr. Soc. chim  k^i
  1941, 23" H49-H55.  Abstracted in  Nutrh'
  Abstr., Aberdeen, 1946-47, 16- «-  "—
No  771 
123
REGENERATION AND REPAIR  (Continued)
2212
  Rogal',  I. G.  K VOPROSU 0 VOZMOZHNOSTI REGENE-
    RATSII KONECHNOSTEI U KRYS.   [POSSIBILITY OF
    THE REGENERATION OF THE EXTREMITIES  IN RATS]
    Doklady Akad. nauk SSSR, 1951, 78: 161-164.
    10 refs.  Histological study  ofThe  amputa-
    tion region of different limbs and bone  frag-
    ments of limbs show a proliferation  of epi-
    derm, derm, connective tissue and cartilage.
    Development of cartilage   ceases  soon and  is
    replaced by the bone  tissue.  A and  D avita-
    minoses retard these  processes.

2213
  Ruf, F., Philipp, K. and Halse, T.  ZUR
    PHYSIOLOGIE DER FRAKTURHEILUNG.   I.  MIT-
    TEILUNG: tfBER DIE ANWENDUNG RADIOAKTIVER
    INDICATOREN BEI UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER  KNOCHEN-
    BRUCHHEILUNG.  Arch. klin. Chir., 1950, 263:
    417-424.  16 refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta
    med., Sect. 5, 1951, 4: No. 281.

2214
  Ryvkind, A. Z.  GISTOFIZIOLOGIIA KOSTNOI TKANI
    I ZAZHIVLENIE KOSTNYKH PERELOMOV.  [HISTO-
    PHYSIOLOGY OF OSSEOUS TISSUE  AND  HEALING OF
    FRACTURES]  Khirurgia, Moskva, 1939, No. 9,
    42-50.  14 refs.
2215
  Servelle, A.  DE L'OSTEOGENESE  AU NIVEAU DES
    FOYERS DE FRACTURE.   Presse med., 1942,  50:
    568-570.                                —

2216
  Shands, A. R., Jr.  STUDIES  IN  BONE FORMATION:
    THE EFFECT OF THE LOCAL PRESENCE  OF  CALCIUM
    SALTS ON OSTEOGENESIS.  J. Bone Surg., 1937,
    19: 1065-1076.  18 refs.

2217
  Simon, R.  BIOLOGIE DE L'OS  FRACTURE.  Rev.
    mSd. est, 1934, 62: 325-343.

2218
  Sissons, H. A. and Hadfield, G. J.  THE INFLU-
    ENCE OF CORTISONE ON  THE REPAIR OF EXPERI-
    MENTAL FRACTURES IN THE RABBIT.   Brit. J.
    Surg., 1951, 39: 172-178.  9  refs.   Ab-
    stracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 5, 1952,
    5: No. 4043; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1952,  26:
    Ho. 15272.

2219
  Sperling, L., Armstrong, W. D.  and Litow, S.
    THE INFLUENCE OF SODIUM-BETA-GLYCEROL-PHOS-
    PHATE UPON THE HEALING OF EXPERIMENTAL
    FRACTURES.  J. Bone Surg., 1942, 24:  781-
    784.  5 refs.

2220
  Straus, R. , Horwitz, M., Levinthal, D. H.,
    Cohen, A. L. and Runjavac, M.  STUDIES ON
    ANTIRETICULAR CYTOTOXIC SERUM.  III. EF-
    FECT OF ACS ON THE HEALING OF EXPERIMENTALLY
    PRODUCED FRACTURES IN RABBITS.  J. Immunol.,
    Bait., 1946, 54: 163-177.  6  refs.

2221
  Studitskii, A. N.  OSNOVY BIOLOGICHESKOI
    TEORII REGENERATSII.  [THE PRINCIPLES OF
    BIOLOGICAL THEORY OF REGENERATION]   Izv.
    Akad.  nauk SSSR, ser. biol.,  1952, No. 6,
    6-36.   23 refs.

2222
  Swenson, O.  BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE FRAC-
    TURE HEMATOMA.  J. Bone Surg., 1946,  28: 288-
    293.  9 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Ab§"tr.,
    Bait., 1948, 22: No. 8872.
2224
  Tangari,  C.  L'INFLUENZA DEL SIERO DI FRAT-
    TURATI  SULLA EVOLUZIONE DEL CALLO OSSEO
    NELLE FRATTURE SPERIMENTALI.  Arch. 1st.
    biochim. ital., 1941, 13:  141-158.  8 refs.

2225
  Teucq,  E.  RECONSTITUTION D'UN CARTILAGE DE
    CROISSANCE APRES AMPUTATION.  Arch, biol.,
    Par., 1948, 59: 1-6.   8 refs.   Abstracted
    in:  Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1949,  23:  No.  7418,

2226
  Timpe,  0.  UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER DIE PHYSIO-
    LOGIE DER FRAKTURHEILUNG.   I.  MITTEILUNG.
    FRAKTURHEILUNG UND MINERALSTOFFWECHSEL.
    Deut. Zschr. Chir.,  1932,  237:  31-62.
    Approx. 65 refs.

2227
 ♦Trivellini, A. and Corbella, A.   CONTRIBUTO
    ALLO STUDIO DELLA RIGENERAZIONE OSSEA.
    Arch. ital. chir., 1943,  64: 1-44.
2228
  Urist,  M.  R.   CALCIFICATION AND  OSSIFICATION
    IN HEALING FRACTURES.   Tr.  Conf.  Metab.  As-
    pects Convalesc . ,  1946,  14.meet.,  29-74.
    21 refs.

2229
  Urist,  M.  R.   CALCIFICATION AND  OSSIFICATION.
    III.  THE ROLE  OF LOCAL TRANSFER OF BONE SALT
    IN THE CALCIFICATION OF  THE FRACTURE CALLUS.
    J. Bone  Surg.,  1942, 24:  47-67.   40 refs.
2230
  Urist,  M.  R.  and Johnson,  R.  W.  CALCIFICATION
    AND OSSIFICATION.   IV.  THE  HEALING  OF  FRAC-
    TURES IN MAN UNDER CLINICAL CONDITIONS.   J.
    Bone Surg., 1943,  25:  375-426.   pi.  108
    refs.  This report~Ts  based upon examination
    of a large  series  of clinical  fractures by
    microtechnical methods.   It includes:  "1.
    The concept of the organization  of  the cal-
    lus;   2. Precise localization  of the cal-
    cification  in the  histological and  roent-
    genographic pictures of the callus;  3. De-
    scription of the process of removal of dis-
    placed fragments of injured parts and  the
    significance of interposition  of the tissues
    at the fracture site;   4. An analysis  of  the
    dynamics of union."
2231
  Urist, M. R. and McLean,  F.  C.   BONE REPAIR IN
    RATS WITH MULTIPLE FRACTURES.   Am. J.  Surg.,
    1950, 80: 685-695; passim.  25 refs.   Ab-
    stractec* in: Excerpta med.,  Sect.  5,  1952,
    5: No. 3695.
2232
  Voronin, G. N.  0 RAZVITII TELETS FATER-PACHINI
    PRI REGENERATSII KOSTNOI TKANI.  [DEVELOPMENT
    OF PACINIAN CORPUSCLES IN REGENERATION OF
    BONE TISSUE]  Doklady Akad. nauk SSSR, 1951,
    76: 885-887.  8 refs.
2233
  Voronin, G. N.  REGENERATSIIA KOSTNOI TKANI U
    BELYKH MYSHEI I KRYS PRI PERELOMAKH.  [RE-
    GENERATION OF BONE TISSUE IN WHITE MICE AND
    RATS IN FRACTURES]  Doklady Akad. nauk SSSR,
    1950, 73: 171-173.  9 refs.
2223
Swenson, 0. and Claff, C. L.  CHANGES IN THE
  HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION OF HEALING
  FRACTURES.   Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y.,
  1946, 61: 151-154.  9 refs.  Abstracted in:
  Biol. ABstr., Bait., 1946, 20: No. 11992;
2234
  Wagoner, G.  REPAIR OF INDUCED BONE DEFECTS;
    CELLULAR CHANGES WHICH TAKE PLACE WITHIN
    THE FIRST 48 HOURS.  Arch. Surg., 1937, 34:
    291-309.  1 ref. 
124
REGENERATION AND REPAIR  (Continued)
2235
  Wermel, J.  UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER DIE KINETO-
    GENESE UND IHRE BEDEUTUNG IN DER ONTO-
    UND PHYLOGENETISCHEN ENTWICKLUNG.   (EXPERI-
    MENTE UND VERGLEICHUNGEN AN WIRBELTIER-
    EXTREMITATEN.)  V. MITTEILUNG: REGENERATION
    DER KNOCHEN UND GELENKE, SOWIE NEUBILDUNG
    DER LETZTEREN.  Gegenbaurs morph. Jahrb.,
    1935, 75: 445-451.  9 refs.
See:
55	56
471	490
506	510
524	526
557	837
994	1029
1196	1201
1237	1243
1332	1335
1347	1459
1551	1554
1776	1811
1912	1913
2033	2037
2103	2104
2296	2299
2421	2422
2603	2707
2727	2768
2868	2966
REGENERATION AND	
276
493
511
536
906
1132
1206
1246
1336
1461
1732
1881
1959
2040
2106
2301
2430
2718
2776
406
494
518
543
923
1172
1208
1320
1343
1465
1763
1882
1974
2070
2112
2302
2549
2719
2777
437
504
520
546
928
1189
1212
1327
1345
1550
1769
1903
1978
2098
2266
2403
2550
2720
2780
                 REPAIR - ENZYME RELATIONSHIPS

  see ENZYME RELATIONSHIPS - IN REGENERATION AND
  REPAIR; ENZYME RELATIONSHIPS - PHOSPHATASE IN
  REGENERATION AND REPAIR
RESORPTION AND RECONSTRUCTION

  see also HORMONAL INFLUENCE - PARATHYROID,
  and - SEX HORMONES, FEMALE

2236
  Albright, F.  THE PROCESS OF BONE RESORPTION.
    Tr. Conf. Metab. Aspects Convalesc, 1946,
    13.meet., 24-29.  1 ref.

2237
  Amprino, R.  A CONTRIBUTION TO THE FUNCTIONAL
    MEANING OF THE SUBSTITUTION OF PRIMARY BY
    SECONDARY BONE TISSUE.  Acta anat., Basel,
    1948, 5: 291-300.  14 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Kbstr., Bait., 1949, 23: No. 18850;
    Excerpta med., Sect. 1, 1949*7 3: No. 777.
    Secondary ossification of the tendons of the
    legs of fowl seems to refute in part Geb-
    hardt's hypothesis that the changing struc-
    ture of bone, dependent upon mechanical
    stimuli, progressively increases mechanical
    resistance.  The author considers more
    plausible his own theory, suggested in
    earlier papers, that the structural changes
    in the bone matrix depend largely on the
    need for continued mobilisation of the miner-
    al salts temporarily stored in the calci-
    fied tissues.

2238
  Amprino, R.  LA DISTRIBUZIONE ED IL RINNOVA-
    MENTO DEI MINERALI DELLE OSSA STUDIATI IN
    RAPPORTO AI PROCESSI DI RICOSTRUZIONE STRUT-
    TURA LE .  Boll. Soc. ital. biol. sper., 1951,
    27: 1713-1716.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 1, 1953, 7: No. 1694.  Autoradiographic
    studies were made of ground sections of whole
    bone treated with solutions of radiocalcium
    and radiophosphorus.  The uptake of the miner-
    als varied in the different bone tissues and
    was regulated by the chemico-physical compo-
    sition of the ground substance.  Differences
    in the composition of the ground substance was
    also considered partly responsible for dif-
    ferences in mineral fixation at various ages.
    Structural bone changes were regarded as the
    main mechanism of mineral liberation and
    fixation.  Liberation was always carried on
by the gradual resorption of calcified sub-
stance by the osteoclasts but fixation went
through 2 processes:  1) immediate calcifica-
tion of the organic matrix at the moment it
was deposited, and 2) gradual and slower
secondary calcification of new bone material.
2239
  Amprino, R.  INFLUENZA DEL RIMANEGGIAMENTO
    SULLA DISTRIBUZIONE DEI SALI DI CALCIO
    NELL'OSSO.  Monit. zool. ital., 1951, 60:
    Suppl., 89-95.  Studies of mineral depo-
    sition, during bone construction and recon-
    struction, in internal sections of the dia-
    physis of the long bones of individuals of
    different ages and species, were made by
    x-ray absorption and diffraction methods.
    Tracer studies were also made on dog bones,
    in vitro and in vivo, with radiocalcium and
    radiophosphorus.  The general conclusions
    drawn were that mineral salts are deposited
    in the skeleton not only upon neoformation
    of fundamental substance but also, over a
    long period of time, through the further
    fixation of new mineral atoms to the al-
    ready calcified fundamental substance.
2240
  Amprino,  R.   RAPPORTI FRA PROCESSI DI RICO-
    STRUZIONE  E DISTRIBUZIONE DEI MINERALI NELLE
    OSSA.   I.  RICERCHE ESEGUITE COL METODO DI
    STUDIO DELL'ASSORBIMENTO DEI RAGGI ROENTGEN.
    Zschr.  Zellforsch., 1952, 37: 144-183.  68
    refs.   Abstracted in:  Excerpta med., Sect. 1,
    1953,  7: No.  1696.  A microphotographic study
    was macfe of sections of the long bones of
    numerous animals (including amphibians, birds
    and man) and the calcium content of the com-
    pact substance analyzed.  In all species,
    bone renewal processes caused significant
    changes in mineral distribution.  In old
    bone the calcium content was unchanged and
    the mineral concentration unaffected by the
    relative proportion of osteomucoid and col-
    lagen.   In new bone the calcium content was
    relatively low but increased progressively
    until  it equalled that of the old bone.
    This calcification was more rapid near the
    vascular canals.  Differences in the quality
    and rapidity of bone renewal and calcifica-
    tion were  marked at different ages in the
    same species and at the same age in dif-
    ferent  species.
2241
  Amprino,  R.   RAPPORTI FRA PROCESSI DI RICO-
    STRUZIONE  E DISTRIBUZIONE DEI MINERALI NELLA
    OSSA.   II. RICERCHE CON METODO AUTORADIO-
    GRAFICO.   Zschr. Zellforsch., 1952, 37- 241-
    273   44  refs.   Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,
    Sect.  1,  1953,  7:  1133.  Radiocalcium and
    radiophosphorus tracer studies were made of
    ground  sections of the long bones of various
    animals,  including amphibians, birds and man.
    ihe uptake of minerals was greater in new
    than old bone tissues and was regulated
    largely by the  relative proportion of col-
    lagen  and  osteomucoid.  Variations in quan-
    tity of minerals deposited depended not on
    the relation of tissue to osseous blood
    vessels, but on the minute structure and
    chemical composition of the basic bone sub-
    stance. Elemental physico-chemical pro-
    cesses, rather  than vital cell and enzyme
    activity,  were  responsible for mineral
    fixation.   The  marked differences in the
    fixation capacity  of bone in different
    species were dependent on the minute str
    tural differences  of bone tissue  and on U°~
    quantitative differences  in the processe
    of  structural reconstruction 
125
RESORPTION AND RECONSTRUCTION  (Continued)
 2242

  ^SxiSS/.J?-   RISULTATI  DI UN DECENNIO DI
    RICERCHE  SUL SIGNIFICATO FUNZIONALE DEL
    RIMANEGGIAMENTO DELL'OSSO.  Monit  zool
    ital.,  1947,  56:  Suppl., 142-152.  Ab-
    stracted  in:  BTol.  Abstr., Bait., 1951, 25:
    No.  8316;  Excerpta  med., Sect.  1, 1950, 37
    No.  1429.   Histological examination of  tBe
    bones  of  a large number of persons indicated
    that the  constant changes in bone structure
    at every  age are due, not only  to mechanical
    stresses  of different intensities exerted
    upon bone as a supporting structure but also
    and  in greater degree to the constant mineral
    demands of the body made upon bone as a
    mineral reservoir.  The article contains a
    review of other pertinent theories.

 2243
  Austoni,  B.  and Coggi,  G.   CONSIDERAZIONI SUL
    RICAMBIO  MINERALE IN  UN CASO DI DERIVAZIONE
    TOTALE  ESTERNA DELLA  BILE.  Arch. ital.
    chir.,  1934,  37:  464-472.  Following the
    production of an external biliary fistula in
    a case  of  occlusion of the common bile  duct
    by calculus,  there  was decalcification  of
    the  bones,  decrease of blood calcium and
    phosphorus,  lowering  of the alkaline reserve
    and  increased activity of the plasma phos-
    phatase .

 2244
  Barnicot, N. A.  STUDIES ON THE FACTORS IN-
    VOLVED IN BONE ABSORPTION.  I.  THE EFFECT
    OF SUBCUTANEOUS TRANSPLANTATION OF BONES OF
    THE  GREY-LETHAL HOUSE MOUSE INTO NORMAL
    HOSTS  AND OF NORMAL BONES INTO  GREY-LETHAL
    HOSTS.  Am.  J. Anat., 1941, 68: 497-531.  2
    pi.  15 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait.,  1941,  15:  No.  17837.

 2245
  Bloom, W.  RESORPTION OF BONE.  Tr. Conf.
    Metab.  Interrelat., 1951, 3 .Conf.,  11-24.
    Conference discussion:  p. 15-24.  7 refs.

 2246
  Brechner, J. and Armstrong, W.  D.  RELATION OF
    GASTRIC ACIDITY TO  ALVEOLAR BONE RESORPTION.
    Proc.  Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y.,  1941, 48: 98-
    100.   5 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. IBstr.,
    1942,  36:  5539.

 2247
  Charles,  S.  W.   THE CONTROL OF  ACCRETION  AND
    ABSORPTION IN MEMBRANE BONES.   J. Anat.,
    Lond.,  1946,  80:  220-221.
 2248
  Cretin, A.   CONTRIBUTION HISTOCHIMIQUE A
    l>Etude de la construction et de la de-
    struction  OSSEUSE.  Presse med., 1951,
    59:  1240-1242.
 2249
  Gosulow,   H.  UBER RESORPTIONS- UND NEUBILDUNGS-
    PROZESSE IM KNOCHENGEWEBE (AUF  GRUND MIKROS-
    KOPISgHER  UNTERSUCHUNGEN ENTZUNDETER WARZEN-
    FORTSATZE.  Acta  otolar.,  Stockh.,  1935,  22:
    243-269.
 2250
  Haggqvist, G.,  Wilton,  A.  and Orell,  S.   OM
    BENNYBILDNING OCH BENNEDBRYTNING.   [NEW BONE
    FORMATION AND BONE DEGENERATION]   Nord.
    med., 1944, 21: 477-487.

2251
 ♦Heller, M.  GROUND  SUBSTANCE, BASE SALTS  AND
    CELLULAR ACTIVITY IN  BONE FORMATION AND DE-
    STRUCTION.  Chicago,  1951.   (Thesis-Ph.D-
    Univ.)

2252
  Heller-Steinberg, M.  GROUND  SUBSTANCE, BONE
    SALTS,  AND CELLULAR ACTIVITY IN  BONE  FORMA-
    TION  AND DESTRUCTION.   Am.  J. Anat.,  1951,
    89:  347-379.  Abstracted  in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait.,  1952, 26: No. 31237; Excerpta  med.,
2253
  Hertz, J.  ON THE CONSTRUCTIVE AND DESTRUCTIVE
    PROCESSES IN THE BONES AND TEETH OF NORMAL
    AND SCORBUTIC ORGANISMS.  Acta path, microb.
    scand., 1936, 13: 329-349.  14 pi.  37 refs.
    Abstracted in:~~Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1937, 11:
    No. 13865; Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1937-38",
    7: No. 367.

2254
  Jaffe, H. L.  THE RESORPTION OF BONE.  A CON-
    SIDERATION OF THE UNDERLYING PROCESSES PAR-
    TICULARLY IN PATHOLOGIC CONDITIONS.  Arch.
    Surg.,  1930,  20: 355-385.  37 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in:  Biol.  Abstr., Bait.,  1932,  6:
    No. 4117.   Vascular resorption and osteo-
    clastic resorption are surveyed and the
    literature reviewed.

2255
 ♦Jung, A.   LES MECANISMES DE LA RESORPTION
    OSSEUSE.  Rev. chir., Par., 1937,  75:  473-
    511.
2256
  Leblond,  C.  P.,  Wilkinson,  G. [W.]  and
    Robichon,  J.   LA FORMATION DES OS  CHEZ LE
    RAT ETUDIEE A L'AIDE DU RADIOPHOSPHORE.
    Ann. ACFAS,  Montreal, 1950, 16:  133.   The
    diaphysis  is  described as a cylinder  with
    two sub-epiphyseal regions, or "bulbs."
    Autoradiographic studies  of the deposition
    of radiophosphorus in the long bones  of
    rats indicated that new bone is formed on
    the external  surfaces of  the cylinder  and
    also on the interior surface of the bulbs
    and that while moderate resorption occurs
    from the internal cylindrical  surface,
    there is intense resorption of the external
    surface of the bulbs.

2257
  McLean, F. C.  BIOCHEMICAL  AND BIOMECHANICAL
    ASPECTS OF THE RESORPTION OF BONE.  J.
    Periodont., 1954,  25:  176-182.  14  refs.
    Discussion: p.  182.   A  survey  of present
    knowledge.

2258
  Marek,  J., Wellmann,  O.  and Urbanyi,  L.  UBER
    DIE KNOCHENSALZLOSENDE  WIRKUNG DES  BLUT-
    SERUMS  GESUNDER  UND RHACHITISCHER  FERKEL.
    Biochem. Zschr.,  1932,  252:  131-144.   6
    refs.   Abstracted in: CHem.  Abstr., 1932,
    26: 5621.
2259
  Meister,  W.   CHANGES  IN HISTOLOGICAL  STRUC-
    TURE OF LONG  BONES  OF BIRDS DURING  THE
    MOULT.   Anat.  Rec,  1951,  111:  1-21.  pi.
    7 refs.  Abstracted  in: BrTTT Abstr.,
    Sect. AIII, 1953, p.  410;  Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait.,  1952,  26: No.  28348.
2260
  Mouriquand, G.,  Dauvergne,  M.  and Edel,  V.
    OSTEOPATHIES PAR CARENCE.  DECALCIFICATION
    "IRREVERSIBLE" DU COL FEMORAL DANS L'AVITA-
    MINOSE C CHRONIQUE.   Presse med.,  1940,  48:
    268-269.  Abstracted in:  Chem. Abstr ,  —
    1940, 34: 55019.
2261
  Muhlethaler,  J.  P.   LA  RESORPTION DE L'OS
    MORT ETUDIEE PAR  LA METHODE  DE  CULTURE DES
    TISSUS.   Zschr. Zellforsch.,  1953, 38: 69-
    77.   28  refs.   "Histiocytes  are, in tissue
    culture,  the sole elements responsible for
    the  resorption of pieces  of  dead bone.
    They generally form a network of fixed
    cells, anastomosed with one  another,  but
    in  the presence of polynuclear  cells,  they
    are  transformed,  at least in part, into
    mobile mononuclear macrophages.   Under
    experimental conditions,  giant  multinuclear
    cells have  never  been observed." 
RESORPTION AND RECONSTRUCTION  (Continued)
126
2262
  Pecco, R.  RISERVA ALCALINA, CALCIO E FOSFORO
    NEL SANGUE DI ANIMALI CON COMPLETA DERIVA-
    ZIONE DELLA BILE.  Arch. ital. chir., 1931,
    28: 163-174.  27 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    JCBstr., Bait., 1932, 6: No. 9727.  "External
    cholecystostomy was performed on 4 dogs; 3
    survived for 100-178 days and the 4th was
    killed 186 days after operation.  X-ray
    examination showed an osseous decalcifica-
    tion.  Blood examination showed a progres-
    sive acidosis, diminution of P and a normal
    Ca level, agreeing with the findings in hu-
    man and experimental rachitis." - Biol.
    Abstr.
2263
  Perrottet, E. and Duckert, R.  ASPECT CHIMI-
    QUE DE LA DEMINERALISATION DE L'OS.  TRANS-
    FORMATION DE GREFFES OSSEUSES EN TISSU MUS-
    CULAIRE.  Experientia, Basel, 1951, 7: 419-
    420.  4 refs.  In rabbits, autografts of
    bone from the skull were implanted into
    muscles.  Calcium and phosphorus determina-
    tions showed initial necrosis and resorp-
    tion.  Demineralization of the grafts oc-
    curred in most cases.  A marked difference
    between the chemical composition of com-
    pact and spongy bone was noted in the rab-
    bits .
2264
  Reitan, K.  APPOSISJONS- OG RESORPSJONS-
    PROSESSENES FORL0P VED FORSKJELLIGE TYPER
    BENVEV.  Norske tannlaegeforen. tid., 1953,
    63:  161-173.  6 refs.
2265
  Ruth, E. B.  BONE STUDIES.  II. AN EXPERIMENTAL
    STUDY OF THE HAVERSIAN-TYPE VASCULAR CHAN-
    NELS.  Am. J. Anat., 1953, 93: 429-455.  pi.
    22  refs.  Abstracted in: BioT. Abstr., Bait.,
    1954, 28: No. 15978.  The literature on de-
    velopment and significance of the Haversian
    system, comparative and human, is critically
    reviewed and a new interpretation is pre-
    sented, based upon the concept "that Haversian
    canals develop as a necessary result of the
    process of repair of circumscribed areas of
    resorption within the compacta, or within the
    more robust trabeculae of osseous tissue."
    The  femora of young adult female albino rats
    were used for the experimental observations
    and  a series of human and other mammalian
    femora for the comparative studies.
2266
  Rutishauser, E. and Kind, H.  PROBLEME DER
    OSTEOLYSE.  Schweiz. med. Wschr., 1950, 80:
    182-183.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 5, 1951, 4: No. 2637.
2267
  Tamura, K.  UBER DIE HALISTERESE DES KNOCHENS
    BEI DER ACIDOSE.  Tr. Jap. Path. Soc, 1930,
    20:  42.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait  ,
    T9*33, 7: No. 18568.
2268
  Zawisch, C.  DIE BIOLOGIE DER AUF- UND UMBAU-
    PROZESSE DES  KNOCHENS  IM LICHTE NEUERER HIS-
    TOLOGISCHER UND EXPERIMENTELLER ERFAHRUNGEN.
    Wien. klin. Wschr.,  1934, 47: 801-804.

See:
196	205	474	476	481
514	529	535	539	985
1355	1388	1557	1562	1603
1617 2239	1623 2712	1663 2741	1877	2133
RICKETS, EXPERIMENTAL  (including manganese,
  beryllium, strontium and alkali rickets)

  see also VITAMIN INFLUENCE - VITAMIN D
2269
Blumberg, H. , Shelling, D. H. and Jackson,
  DA   THE PRODUCTION OF MANGANESE RICKETS
  IN RATS.  J. Nutrit., 1938, 16: 317-324.
  13 refs.  Abstracted in: Nutrit. Abstr.,
  Aberdeen, 1938-39, 8: No. 5001.
2270
  Gorlin, R. J.  BERYLLIUM RICKETS: ITS EFFECT
    ON THE TEETH, THE MANDIBULAR JOINT, AND THE
    BONES OF THE SKULL OF THE ALBINO RAT.  Oral
    Surg., 1951, 4: 177-197   Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr.,"Bait., 1951, 25: No. 23956.
    A histologic study.

2271
  Jacobson, S. A.  BONE LESIONS IN RATS PRO-
    DUCED BY THE SUBSTITUTION OF BERYLLIUM FOR
    CALCIUM IN THE DIET.  Arch. Path., Chic,
    1933, 15: 18-26.  1 ref.  Abstracted in:
    Chem. A"Bstr., 1933, 27: 2714.  "A calcium-
    free Steenbock diet with the addition of
    cod liver oil and beryllium carbonate pro-
    duces a disease anatomically indistinguish-
    able from rickets."

2272
  Kay, H. D.  BERYLLIUM RICKETS.   II. THE PRE-
    VENTION AND CURE OF BERYLLIUM  RICKETS.
    Biochem. J., Lond., 1934, 28:  1222-1227.  6
    refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1935,
    29: 11422.

2273
  Lecoq, R.  RACHITISME EXPERIMENTAL OBTENU PAR
    SIMPLE ALCALOSE ET SANS DESEQUILIBRE PHOSPHO-
    CALC IQUE.  C. rend. Acad. sc., 1943, 216:
    503-505.  3 refs.  Abstracted  in: NutrTT.
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 1945-46, 15: No. 574.

2274
  Lecoq, R.  LE ROLE DE L'ALCALOSE DANS LA
    PRODUCTION DU RACHITISME EXPERIMENTAL.
    C. rend. Acad. sc., 1941, 212: 938-940.
    5 refs.
2275
  Lecoq, R. and Villette, H.  PHOSPHORE ET
    RACHITISME.  III. ACTION INHIBITRICE EXER-
    CEE SUR LA CALCIFICATION OSSEUSE DES RATS
    PREAlABLEMENT RACHITISES PAR QUELQUES
    METAUX AJOUTfiS A LA RATION SOUS FORME DE
    CARRONATES OU DE PHOSPHATES.  J. pharm.
    chim., Par., 1934, 19: 201-206.  11 refs.
    Abstracted in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,
    1934-35, 4: No. 501.
2276
  Lecoq, R., Chauchard, P. and Mazoue1, H.  LE
    RACHITISME DYSTROPHIQUE, OBTENU PAR ADDI-
    TION DE CARBONATE DE STRONTIUM AUX REGIMES
    RACHITIGENES CLASSIQUES, EST-IL, COMME ON
    LE CROIT, A LA FOIS UVIO ET VITAMINO-
    RESISTANT?  C. rend. Soc. biol., 1943, 137:
    444-445.  Abstracted in: Nutrit. Abstr.,
    Aberdeen, 1945-46, 15: No. 1239
2277                   —
  Mourgue, M.  RECHERCHES BIOCHIMIQUES SUR L'OS-
    TEOLYSE AU COURS DU "RACHITISME AU STRON-
    TIUM".  J. physiol. path. g6n., 1939-1940,
    37: 1358-1361.  14 refs.  Abstracted in:
    BTol. Abstr., Bait., 1947, 21: No. 3431;
    Chem. Abstr., 1950, 44: 4137b.

  MoXJiSEaild' G-' Leulier, A. and Coeur, A.
    RECHERCHES SUR LA PATHOGENIE DU RACHITISME
    (MODIFICATIONS DU CYCLE DU CHOLESTEROL, DU
    POTASSIUM, DE LA MASSE SPLENIOUE ET ROLE
    DES ANTIFIXATEURS ET FIXATEURS DU CALCIUM
    DANS LE RACHITISME EXPERIMENTAL.)  Ann
    med., Par., 1938, 43: 165-186.  1 ref."

2279
  Mouriquand, G., Leulier, A. and Weill, [l.1.
    L'AGE ET LES ANTIFIXATEURS DU CALCIUM
    C. rend. Acad. sc.,  1932, 194:  1029-1031.
    Abstracted in: Chem.  Abstr.,  1932, 26-  3285*
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1932-33, "27 No.   '
    446.  "Experiments on rats show that young
    and pre-adult animals are markedly sensitive
    to the action of strontium carbonate in in-
    hibiting the fixation of calcium, but that
    adult rats no longer show'the sensitiveness
    on the diet used.  Rickets developed in the
    young and pre-adult,  but not in the adult
    animals." - Nutrit.  Abstr. 
127
RICKETS, EXPERIMENTAL  (Continued)
2280
  Mouriquand, G., Leulier, A. and Weill, L.  LE
    RACHITISME HYPOTROPHIQUE EXPERIMENTAL.  0.
    rend. Acad. sc., 1932, 194: 1201-1202.  Ab-
    stracted in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,
    1932-33, 2: No. 1306.

2281
  Mouriquand, G., Leulier, A., Bernheim, M. and
    Weill, [L.] RECHERCHES SUR LES ANTIFIXATEURS
    DU CALCIUM.  Presse m6d., 1931, 39: 769-771.
    Abstracted in:  Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1932, 6:
    No. 18902.

2282
  Niederwieser, V.  UBER KNORPELSTbRUNG BEI
    EXPERIMENTELLER ACIDOSE.  Zschr.  Kinderh.,
    1933,  54: 717-724.  6 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1933-34, 3:  No.
    2189;  Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1936,  107 No.
    21255.

2283
  Roche, A. and Mourgue, M.  RACHITISME AU
    STRONTIUM ET DEMINERALISATION DES OS LONGS
    CHEZ LES ANIMAUX ADULTES.   C. rend. Soc.
    biol.,  1939, 130:  1136-1138.  4 refs.  Ab-
    stracted  in: BTol.  Abstr.,  Bait., 1939, 11:
    No.  13272; Chem. Abstr., 1939,  33:  54529.

2284
  Sobel, A. E., Cohen,  J. and Kramer,  B.   THE
    NATURE OF THE  INJURY TO  THE CALCIFYING
    MECHANISM  IN RICKETS DUE TO STRONTIUM.
    Biochem. J., Lond., 1935, 29: 2640-2645.
    pi.  11 refs.

2285
  Sobel, A. E., Goldfarb, A. R. and Kramer, B.
    STUDIES OF  INCURABLE  RICKETS.   I. RESPECTIVE
    ROLE OF THE LOCAL  FACTOR AND VITAMIN D IN
    HEALING.   Proc. Soc.  Exp.  Biol.,  N. Y., 1934,
    31:  869-870.

2286
  Sobel, A. E.,  Goldfarb,  A. R. and Kramer, B.
    STUDIES OF INCURABLE  RICKETS.   II. ROLE OF
    THE  "LOCAL  FACTOR" AND  OF VIOSTEROL IN THE
    PATHOGENESIS  OF RICKETS DUE TO BERYLLIUM.
    J. Biol.  Chem., 1935,  108:  393-401.   10
    refs.
See:
2291
  Takizawa,  N.,  Kusano,  N.,  Hirayama,  J., Isll,
    Z.,  Matumoto, T. and Endo,  K.   [UBER DIE
    BEZIEHUNGEN ZWISCHEN DER INNEREN SEKRETION
    DER  SPEICHELDRUSE DER ENTWICKLUNG UND DEM
    WACHSTUM DES KNOCHENS.  (IV.  MITTEILUNG).]
    Tr.  Soc. path, jap., 1938,  28:  454-456.

See:

  1487
SKELETAL RELATIONSHIPS

2292
  Amprino, R. and Sisto, L.   ANALOGIES ET DIF-
    FERENCES DE STRUCTURE DANS LES DIFFfiRENTES
    REGIONS D'UN MEME OS.  Acta anat., Basel,
    1946, 2: 202-214.  5 refs.   This study of
    the relationship between external shape and
    internal structure of the diaphysis of the
    human femur at various ages indicates that
    differences in the minute structure are not
    directly related to mechanical stress.

2293
 ♦Bauer, H. O. K.  V0LUMEN UND LANGE DER LANGEN
    GLIEDMASSENKNOCHEN WAHREND DES FETALEN
    WACHSTUM.  Anthrop. Anz., 1940, 17: 77-102.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,  Bait., 1941,
    15:  No. 14912.
2294
  Dallemagne,  M.  J.  ^INFLUENCE  D^UNE  RESECTION
    OSSEUSE SUR LES  ELEMENTS MINERAUX DU  SQUE-
    LETTE DU LAPIN ADULTE.   RESECTIONS SOUS
    -PERIOSTEES EN COURS DE REPARATION.   Acta
    biol. belg.,  1941,  1:  498-501.  2 refs.  A
    subperiosteal resection was made  in the
    radial or  ulnar  diaphysis of adult rabbits
    and the separated  periosteum placed in the
    cavity.  Later mineral  determinations of
    various bones indicated that the  skeletal
    mineral mobilization provoked by  the  lesion
    did not involve  the entire  skeleton as sug-
    gested by  Roche  but was confined  to the
    homologous and neighbouring bones.  These
    phenomena  were found to be  constant,  on
    one condition: the  implanted section  of
    periosteum must  be  capable  of new bone for-
    mation .
  58        828       1195
  2883
SALIVARY GLANDS - INFLUENCE
2020
2854
2287
  Ban, T., Takizawa, N., Nagao, N. and Kusano,
    N.  UBER DIE BEZIEHUNGEN ZWISCHEN DER INNEREN
    SEKRETION DER SPEICHELDRUSE UND DER ENTWICK-
    LUNG UND DEM WACHSTUM DES KNOCHENS.  I. MIT-
    TEILUNG.  Tr. Soc. path, jap., 1945, 25: 510-
    511.

2288
  Ichikawa, T., Kondo, S. and Arai, M.  EINFLUSSE
    DER SPEICHELDRUSENEXSTIRPATION AUF DAS WACH-
    STUM DER HARTGEWEBE.  (II. MITTEILUNG).  Tr.
    Soc. path, jap., 1938, 28: 456-460.  "Extir-
    pation of the main salivary glands of young
    rats caused changes in the different endo-
    crine glands and changes in the epiphyseal
    line of the long bones."

2289
 Miyasaki, Y., Kondo,  S.  and  Ichikawa,  T.   EIN-
   FLUSSE DER SPEICHELDRUSENEXSTIRPATION AUF DAS
   WACHSTUM DER HARTGEWEBE.  Tr.  Soc.  path, jap.,
   1937,  27:  551-556.

0090
  Takizawa, N. and Kusano, N.  UBER DIE BEZIE-
    HUNGEN ZWISCHEN DER INNEREN SEKRETION DER
    SPEICHELDRUSE UND DER ENTWICKLUNG UND DEM
    WACHSTUM DES KNOCHENS.  III. MITTEILUNG.
    Tr. Soc. path. jap., J937, 27: 549-551.
2295
  Enselme,  J.  and Trintignac,  P.   ACTION SUR
    L'OSSIFICATION GENERALE DES TRANSPLANTS
    OSSEUX.  Lyon chir.,  1939,  36:  434-436.


2296
  Mourgue,  M.   MODIFICATIONS DE LA COMPOSITION
    DES OS PLATS APRfiS FRACTURE D'UN OS LONG.
    C.  rend. Soc. biol.,1939,  131: 382-383.
    Abstracted in: Biol.  Abstr.,  Bait., 1940,
    14: No. 10325; Chem.  Abstr.,  1939,  33:
    8"9*273.
2297
  Nagura,  S.   SISI  TYK0TU ZYURYO-TEKI  HEREI  NI
    TUITE.   [INTERRELATED WEIGHT  OF LONG BONES
    OF EXTREMITIES]   Mitt.  Med. Ges. Tokyo,
    1932,  46:  695-720.
2298
Perrottet,  E.  ETUDE DES VARIATIONS DE TENEURS
  EN CALCIUM ET PHOSPHORE DANS DES OS NECROSES
  EXPERIMENTALEMENT PAR LA CHALEUR.  Arch.
  sc, Geneve, 1951, 4: 255-259.  3 refs.  Ab-
  stracted  in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1952, 26:
  No. 31242.  In rabbits determinations of the
  ash, calcium and phosphorus content of meta-
  tarsals rendered necrotic by heat showed an
  increased percentage of the minerals.  Homo-
  logous bones showed a "sympathetic" deminer-
  alization . 
128
SKELETAL RELATIONSHIPS (Continued)
2299
  Pesce, G. and Rulla, L.  COMPORTAMENTO DEL
    CALLO OSSEO IN ANIMALI SOTTOPOSTI A FRATTURE
    RIPETUTE.  Ann. ital. chir., 1951, 28:  647-
    660.  21 refs.  In rabbits the left radius
    was fractured 20 days after fracture of the
    right.  In the second fracture, the callus
    was larger and the processes of regenera-
    tion were more active.  The literature is
    reviewed.

2300
  Roche, J. and Filippi, A.  LE SYSTEME OSSEUX
    UNITE PHYSIOLOGIQUE.  AUGMENTATION gEnErALE
    DE L'ACTIVITE PHOSPHATASIQUE DU SQUELETTE
    APRES FRACTURE D'UN OS.  C. rend. Soc. biol.,
    1938, 129: 322-326.  3 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1939, 13: No. 5707.

2301
  Roche, J. and Mourgue, M.  RECHERCHES. SUR L'OS-
    SIFICATION.  VI. MODIFICATIONS GENERALES DE LA
    COMPOSITION DES OS LONGS APRES FRACTURE EX-
    PERIMENTALE D'UNE PIEQE SQUELETTIQUE ET UNITE
    PHYSIOLOGIQUE DU SYSTEME OSSEUX.  Bull. Soc.
    chim. biol., Par., 1939,21: 143-165.  8 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1940, 14:
    No. 14774.  "The chemical changes during re-
    pair were most intense about the injury but
    extended in lesser degree through the entire
    osseous system as was shown by the altera-
    tions in the uninjured homologue.  There was
    first a demineralization which after about
    25 days was followed by a gradual return to
    normal." - Biol. Abstr.

2302
  Roche, J., Filippi, A. and Mourgue, M.  SUR LES
    REACTIONS GENERALES DU SQUELETTE CONSfiCUTIVES
    A LA FRACTURE D'UN OS.  C. rend. Acad. sc.,
    1938, 207: 254-257.  1 ref.  Abstracted in:
    Chem. ABstr., 1939, 33: 54631.
See:
852
2148
STRUCTURE
1104
2210
1729
2806
1811
2141
2303
 ♦Amprino, R. and Godina, G.  RICERCHE COM-
    PARATIVE SULLA STRUTTURA DELLE OSSA DEI
    VERTEBRATI.  Atti Accad. naz. Lincei,
    Rendic, Class, sc. fis., ser. 8A, 1946,
    1: 648-654.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1949, 23: No. 7412; Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 1, 1948, 2: No. 305.


2304
 ♦Amprino, R. and Godina, G.  LA STRUTTURA DELLE
    OSSA NEI VERTEBRATI.  RICERCHE COMPARATIVE
    NEGLI ANFIBI E NEGLI AMNIOTI.  Commentat.
    Pontificia acad. sc., 1947, 11: 329-462.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,"Bait.,  1951,
    25: No. 5238.

2305
  Benninghoff, A. and Timmer, G. J.  UBER DIE
    KOMPAKT-ARCHITEKTUR DER GROSSEN ROHREN-
    KNOCHEN.  Klin. Wschr., 1948, 26: 126.  Also
    in: Aerztl.  Wschr., 1948, 3: 375-380.  Ab-
    stracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 1, 1949,
    3: No. 503.   The course of the lines of
    cleavage in compact bone is discussed.

2306
  Bruno, G. and Ottonello, P.  OSSERVAZIONI
    SULL'ARCHITETTURA DEL TESSUTO SPUGNOSO
    DELL'EPIFISI PROSSIMALE DEL FEMORE DELL'UOMO
    CON PARTICOLARE RIGUARDO AL COSI DETTO TRI-
    ANGOLO DI WARD ED ALLO SPERONE FEMORALE.
    Radiol, med., Milano, 1933, 20: 1201-1206.
    12 refs.
2307
  Crawford, G. N. C.  THE EVOLUTION OF THE
    HAVERSIAN PATTERN IN BONE.  J. Anat., Lond.,
    1940, 74: 284-299.  8 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1940, 14: No. 16227.

2308
  Cretin, A. and MahoJ, H.  CONTRIBUTION A
    l>Etude du tissu elastique de l'OS.  c.
    rend. Ass. anat., (1947) 1948, 34: 139-
    141.

2309
 ♦Deak, P., Tarjftn, R„ and Sandi, E.  JV.CSONT
    szerkezeti vaitozasainak regisztralasa
    r8ntgenfotometriAs vizsgAlattal.   [denso-
    graphy of changes in the structure of the
    BONES1  Magy. radiol., 1953,  5: 97-101.

2310
  Deggeler, C.  BEITRAG ZUR KENNTNIS DER ARCHI-
    TEKTUR DES FETALEN SCHADELS.  Zschr. Anat.
    Entw., 1942, 111: 470-489.  13 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: BTol. Abstr., Bait., 1948, 22:
    No. 24356.
2311
  Fraipont, C.  SUR LES CARACTERES MICROSCOPI-
    QUES DIFFERENTIELS DES OS CHEZ LES PRIMATES.
    C. rend. Acad, sc., 1933, 196: 1925.

2312
 ♦Hirsch, C. and Schajowicz,  F.   STUDIES ON
    STRUCTURAL CHANGES  IN THE LUMBAR  ANNULUS
    FIBROSUS.  Acta orthop. scand., 1953,  22:
    184-231.  Abstracted in:  Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1953, 27:  No. 27655.

2313
  Jentschura, G.  ANORDNUNG DER BAUELEMENTE DES
    KNOCHENS IM SCHLIFF.  35p.  Charlottenb.,
    K. & R. Hoffmann, 1941.   (Inaug.-Diss.-
    Berlin).  19 refs.

2314
  Matyas, J. and Szabd, M.  DAS NAHERE VERWANDT-
    SCBAFTSVERBALTNIS ZWISCHEN DEM MENSCHEN UND
    DEN ANTHROPOIDEN AUF GRUND MIKROOSTEOLGISCHER
    UNTERSUCHUNGEN AUCH MIT RUCKSICHT AUF DIE
    FEINERE KNOCHENSTRUKTUR DER CARNIVOREN UND
    UNGULATEN.  Zschr. ges. Anat., 1. Abt.,  1932,
    97: 169-209.  17  pi.  4 refs.

2315
  Mechanik, N.  UNTERSUCHUNG DER  KOMPAKTEN
    SCHICHT UND DER MARKH&LE DER  FIBULA DES
    MENSCHEN.  Zschr. ges. Anat., 1.  Abt.,
    1932, 97: 331-355.  14 refs.

2316
  Muratori, G.  SULLA%ARCHITETTURA DELLA SPONGI-
    OSA DELL'ESTREMITA PROSSIMALE DEL FEMORE
    UMANO NELLE ANOMALIE DELL'ANGOLO DI IN-
    CLINAZIONE DEL COLLO FEMORALE.  Ann. Univ.
    Ferrara, n.s., Sect. 1, 1953, 1:  No. 4,
    [37]-42.  7 refs.

2317
  Nedbal, M. E.  STRUKTURVERSCHIEDENHEITEN IN
    DEN DIAPHYSEN DER KARPALEN UND TARSALEN
    KNOCHEN BEI ZWEI FLUGTIEREN  (PTEROPUS
    NEOHIBERNICUS PET. UND DER ARDEA CINEREA L.).
    Zschr. Anat. Entw., 1932, 97: 210-250.  23 pi.
    4 refs .

2318
  Ohkubo, K.   STUDIES IN THE PROPORTION OF THE
    VASCULAR SPACE AND THE BONE TISSUE IN THE
    COMPACT SUBSTANCE OF THE HUMAN LONG BONE
    Jap. J. M. Sc.,  1934,  4:  Anat. 411-4i5   A
    refs.
2319
  Oliveira,  H. de.  NOTES SUR LA STRUCTURE DU
    TISSU  OSSEUX.  Fol. anat. Univ. conimbr.,
    1932,  7:  No. 2, 1-5.  3 pi. 
129
STRUCTURE (Continued)


2320
  Piedelifevre and Clavelin.  MORPHOLOGIE OSSEUSE
    DE L'HUMERUS.  ESSAI DE RECONSTITUTION DE
    L'OS TYPE.  Acta med. leg. social., Brux.,
    1948, 1: 371-381.  Long French and English
    summaries.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 1, 1949, 3: No. 648.  Theoretical
    reconstruction of the average human humerus
    based on mean measurements, with due regard
    for racial differences in muscle insertion.
2321
  Ruth,  E.  B.  BONE STUDIES..  I.  FIBRILLAR
    STRUCTURE OF ADULT HUMAN BONE.  Am. J.
    Anat.,  1947, 80:  35-53.   3 pi.  12 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,  Bait., 1947,
    21:  No.  11783; Excerpta med., Sect. 9,
    T948, 2: No. 4221.

2322
  Ruth, E.  B.  OBSERVATIONS ON THE COMPARATIVE
    HISTOMORPHOLOGY OF THE FEMUR.  Anat. Rec,
    1948, 100: 708.  Abstract of a paper pre-
    sented  at the American Association of
    Anatomists, April, 1948.  "The purpose of
    this study  is to emphasize the importance
    of understanding the normal histomorphology
    and histomorphogenesis of bones studied  un-
    der experimental conditions, before attempt-
    ing  to  interpret results of experimental
    procedures on bone."  Histomorphology of the
    femurs  of the turkey, chicken, cow, pig,
    dog, rabbit,  guinea pig, rat and rhesus
    monkey  is discussed.

2323
  Ruth, E.  B. and Haury, E. W.  SOME OBSERVATIONS
    ON THE  MATURATION OF THE HISTOMORPHOLOGY OF
    HUMAN BONE.  Anat. Rec, 1947, 97: 404-405.
    An abstract.

2324
  ♦Schmidt,  W. J.  DER FEINBAU DER ANORGANISCHEN
    GRUNDMASSE  DES KNOCHENGEWEBES.  Ber.  Oberhess.
    Ges. Natur.  Heilk.  Naturwiss. Abt.,  1933,  15:
    219-247.
2325
  Sinelnikov, N. A.  O PROSTRANSTVENNOM RASPOLOZ-
    HENII O STEONOV V DIAFIZE BEDRA CHELOVEKA I
    DRUGIKH PRIMATOV.  [SPACE DISTRIBUTION OF
    OSTEONES IN THE DIAPHYSIS OF THE FEMUR IN MAN
    AND PRIMATES]  Antrop. J., Moskva, 1937, No.
    3, 102-116.  11 refs.  English summary.  There
    is a certain regularity in the disposition of
    osteones in the microanatomical structure of
    the diaphysis of the femur in man and other
    primates.  They are located in the thick of
    compacta at angles to the longitudinal axis
    of the diaphysis, with two demarcation lines
    on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the
    femur with which the angles of the osteone
    slopes are seen to change.  Some differences
    occur between details of osteone disposition
    in the human and chimpanzee femur.  These ap-
    pear to be connected with differences in
    functions of the femur as an organ of loco-
    motion in man and monkey.
2326
 ♦Sosnovskaia,  E. M.   NEKOTORYE DANNYE OB ELAS-
    TICHESKIKH VOLOKNAKH V KOSTI.  [SOME DATA ON
    THE  ELASTIC  FIBRES IN BONES]   Arch, russ.
    anat.,  1936,  15:  No.  2,  64-72.   German sum-
    mary:  p. 167-T*j8.   Abstracted in:  Biol.
    Abstr.,  Bait., 1937,  11:  No.  17147.

2327
  Zimmermann, AA  A CSONTOK MIKVOSZKOPOS.
    SZERKEZETErOl.  OSSZEFOGLALd ISMERTETES.
    [MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF BONES]  Allatorv.
    lap., 1938,  61:  5-6.
233       506       870       1054      1057
1122      1566      1678      1730      1967
o(\ar      2084      2085      2119      2259
STRUCTURE - AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDIES
2328
  Amprino,  R.   AUTORADIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE
    DISTRIBUTION OF LABELLED CA AND P IN BONES.
    Experientia, Basel,  1952, 8:  20-22.   28
    refs.   Abstracted in:  Biol. Abstr.,  Bait.,
    1952,  26:  No. 17193;  Excerpta med.,  Sect.
    2,  195*27 5:  No. 4315.   Studies of ground
    sections of fresh bone indicated that the
    uptake  of  calcium and of phosphorus  was
    greater in new, not  yet mineralized, bone
    than in old bone and greater in youth than
    in  age.  The mechanism of the calcification
    of  compact bone is discussed.

2329
 ♦Amprino,  R.   LA CROISSANCE ET LE REMANIEMENT
    DES OS  ETUDIES PAR L'EMPLOI DU RADIOCALCIUM.
    C.  rend. Ass. anat.,  1953,  No.  74, 493-498.
    Abstracted in:  Bull.  Anal.  CNRS,  1953,  14:
    pt. 2,  No. 127621.  "The degree of calcTTi-
    cation  generally increases  with age.  This
    progressive calcification can be  demonstrated
    by  the  use of calcium and phosphorus radio-
    active  isotopes." -  Bull. anal. CNRS.

2330
  Amprino,  R.   FURTHER EXPERIMENTS ON THE FIXA-
    TION IN VITRO OF RADIOCALCIUM TO  SECTIONS
    OF  BONE.  Experientia,  Basel, 1952,  8:  380-
    382.  7 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.  Abstr.,
    1953,  47:  3355h.  Ground sections of bone
    were given various treatments and then
    placed  in  a weak solution of radioactive
    calcium chloride. Autoradiographic  studies
    of  the  sections showed  that only  complete
    destruction of the organic  matrix resulted
    in  appreciable modification of radiocalcium
    distribution.

2331
  Amprino,  R.   IL METODO DI STUDIO AUTOGRAFICO
    DI  SEZIONI DI OSSA TRATTATE IN VITRO CON
    RADIOCALCIO.  Chir.  org. movim.,  1953,  38:
    139-153.  23 refs.  An  autoradiographic
    method  of  studying the  in vitro uptake  of
    radioactive calcium  or  phosphorus by re-
    cently  formed bone is described in detail.
    The method is as useful in  studying  secondary
    as  primary ossification.  Several studies of
    normal  and diseased  bone are illustrated and
    discussed.

2332
  Arnold,  J. S.  and Webster, S. S.  HAVERSIAN
    SYSTEM  GROWTH AND FORMATION IN RABBITS.
    Anat.  Rec,  1953, 115:  276.  An abstract.
    In  the  radioautographic study made on ground
    tibial  bone sections of 3 month old  rabbits
    given 1 mc Ca45 intravenously,  and sacri-
    ficed at 1 to 24 hours  later, growth areas
    were most  marked over the innermost  lamellas
    of  some Haversian systems and over the edges
    of  resorption cavities.  In animals  sacri-
    ficed 7 or 21 days after injections, growth
    occurred at varying  positions from the cen-
    tral to the peripheral  area.   "The number of
    resorption cavities  in  a particular  area of
    bone was proportional to the number  of
    Haversian  systems showing Ca45 concentration.
    The established theory that Haversian systems
    are formed by the filling of resorption cavi-
    ties with  concentric lamellas of  bone is
    experimentally verified."
2333
  Leblond,  C. P.,  Wilkinson,  G. W., Belanger,
    L. F. and Robichon, J.  RADIO-AUTOGRAPHIC
    VISUALIZATION OF BONE FORMATION IN THE RAT.
    Am. J.  Anat.,  1950, 86:  289-341.  pi.  33
    refs.  Abstracted in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aber-
    deen, 1951-52, 21:  No. 2330; Nuclear Sc
    Abstr., 1951,  5: No. 3911.  The deposition
    of bone phosphate in the tibia and humerus
    of newborn and adult rats was studied at
    various intervals after  injection of radio-
    phosphorus . 
130
STRUCTURE - AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDIES
  (Continued)

See:
24	672	1830	1833	1849
2238	2241	2256	2601	2685
2708				
STRUCTURE - CRYSTAL

  see CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND SURFACE ACTIVITY

STRUCTURE - ELECTRONMICROSCOPIC STUDIES

2334
 ♦Ascenzi, A.  LA STRUTTURA DELL'OSSEO UMANO
    OSSERVATA AL MICROSCOPIO ELETTRONICO.
    Rendic. 1st. sup. san., Roma, 1949, 12:
    893-902.  Abstracted in: Excerpta meaT,
    Sect. 1, 1952, 6: No. 56.

2335
  Barbour, E. P.  A STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE OF
    FRESH AND FOSSIL HUMAN BONE BY MEANS OF THE
    ELECTRON MICROSCOPE.  Am. J. Phys. Anthrop.,
    1950, 8: 315-329.  pi.  9 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Excerpta med., Sect. 1,1951, 5: No. 593.

2336
  Kellenberger, E. and Rouiller, C.  DIE KNOCHEN-
    STRUKTUR, UNTERSUCHT MIT DEM ELEKTRONENMIKRO-
    SKOP.   Schweiz.  Zschr.  allg. Path., 1950, 1J3:
    783-788.  10 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr.,  Bait., 1951,  26: No. 34063; Excerpta
    med.,  Sect. 5, 1951, 3T No.  2634.
2337
  Robinson, R. A.  ELECTRON MICROGRAPHY ON BONE.
    Tr .  Conf. Metab. Interrelat., 1951, 3.Conf.,
    271-289.  Conference discussion:  p. 287-
    289.  12 refs.
2342
  Rouiller, C, Huber,  L.  and ^^^^t^'^fy
    LA STRUCTURE DE LA  DENTINE.   ETUDE COMPAKbi
    DE L'OS ET DE L'lVOIRE AU MICROSCOPE
    ELECTRONIQUE.  Acta anat., Basel, 1952, lb:
    16-28.  22 refs.  English and German sum-
    maries.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1953, 27: No. 16394; Excerpta med., Sect. 1,
    1953, 77 No. 1299.

2343
  Rouiller, C, Huber, L., Kellenberger, E. and
    Rutishauser, E.  LA STRUCTURE LAMELLAIRE DE
    L'OSTJTONE.  Acta anat., Basel, 1952, 14: 9-
    22.  12 refs.  English and German summaries.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1952,
    26: No. 21688; Excerpta med., Sect. 1, 1953,
    77 No. 66.  Study was made with  optical and
    electron microscope, using the replica tech-
    nique.

2344
 ♦Rutishauser, E., Huber, L., Kellenberger, E.,
    Majno, G. and Rouiller, C.  ETUDE DE LA
    STRUCTURE DE L'OS AU MICROSCOPE  ELECTRONI-
    QUE.  Arch, sc, Geneve,  1950, 3: 175-180.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1952,
    26: No. 31244; Excerpta med., Sect. 1, 1951,
    3T No. 1350.

2345
  Schwarz, W. and Pahlke, G.  ELEKTRONENMIKROS-
    KOPISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN AN DER INTERZELLULAR-
    SUBSTANZ DES MENSCHLICHEN KNOCHENGEWEBES.
    Zschr. Zellforsch., 1953, 38: 475-487.  12
    refs.
See:

  562
565
1270
2338
  Robinson, R. A.  AN ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC STUDY
    OF THE CRYSTALLINE INORGANIC COMPONENT OF
    BONE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE ORGANIC MA-
    TRIX.  J. Bone Surg., 1952, 34A: 389-435,
    476.  127 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.  Abstr.,
    1953, 47: 5974n.  The components and struc-
    ture oT^inorganic bone crystals and bone
    collagen were examined and their relation to
    each other and to the cement substance
    studied.  Hydroxyapatite crystals of varying
    size and shape, the inorganic crystals of
    bone, were found to lie in the cement sub-
    stance and not in the collagen fibers, which
    may serve as a nidus for crystal formation
    in the bone matrix.  The cells of the bone
    matrix play an essential role in organic-
    inorganic relationships.  The findings of
    this study were correlated with the data of
    other methods of investigation of bone crys-
    tals .
2339
  Robinson, R. A. and Watson, M.  L.  COLLAGEN-
    CRYSTAL RELATIONSHIPS IN BONE AS SEEN IN THE
    ELECTRON MICROSCOPE.  Anat. Rec, 1952,  114:
    383-410.  8 pi.  19 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Nuclear Sc. Abstr., 1953, 7:  No. 2947;  Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1954, 28: No.  15977.
2340
  Robinson, R. A. and Watson, M. L.  ELECTRON
    MICROGRAPHY OF BONE.  Tr. Conf. Metab.
    Interrelat., 1953, 5.Conf., 72-104.  Con-
    ference Discussion: p. 103-104.  116 refs,
2341
 ♦ Rouiller, C, Huber, L. and Rutishauser, E.
    LES FIBRILLES DE LA SUBSTANCE F0NDAMENTALE
    DU CARTILAGE HYALIN.  ETUDE AU MICROSCOPE
    ELECTRONIQUE.  (NOTE PRELIMINAIRE).  Arch.
    sc, Geneve, 1952, 5: 215-218.  Abstracted
    in: Excerpta med., Sect. 1, 1953,  7: No.
    1481.
STRUCTURE - MECHANICAL INFLUENCE

  see MECHANICAL INFLUENCE


STRUCTURE - POLARIZED AND OTHER LIGHT STUDIES

2346
  Dallemagne, M. and Melon, J.  LA PROPORTION
    DES ELEMENTS MINERAUX ET ORGANIQUES DANS
    LES DIFFERENTES REGIONS DU SYSTEME HAVERSIEN
    DE L'OS.  C. rend. Soc. biol., 1944,  138:
    1031-1034.  2 refs.  Abstracted  in: Nutrit.
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 1946-47, 16: No. 607.
    Studies in polarized light oT cross sections
    of the Haversian systems demonstrated that
    the light and dark zones observed in  the
    surrounding lamellae were  not due to  dif-
    ferences in calcification, since the  rela-
    tive birefringeance was identical.

2347
  Fowler, E. P. and Applebaum, E.  BONE STUDIES
    IN ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT.  Anat. Rec, 1933,
    55: 23-39.  15 refs.  A method is described
    and data obtained by this  method is pre-
    sented .

2348
  Jaccard,  R.  and Grosjean,  M.   DIE UNTERSUCHUNG
    VON HARTGEWEBEN (KNOCHEN UND ZAHNEN)   IM RE-
    FLEKTIERTEN LICHT.  Deut.  zahnarztl .   Zschr.,
    1949, 4: 1234-1250.   Abstracted in:  Biol.
    Abstr.7 Bait.,  1950,  24:  No.  15964.


2349
  Sestini,  [F.]  OSSERVAZIONI COL MICROSCOPIO A
    LUMINESCENZA.  (2* NOTA).  OSSERVAZIONI SUL
    TESSUTO OSSEO.   Atti Accad. fisiocr.   Siena
    1934, 11.ser.,  2: sez.  med. fis., 30.
See:

  129
560
561
620 
131
STRUCTURE - VARIATIONS WITH AGE
2350
  Amprino, R.  COME SI COSTITUISCE L"ARCHITETTURA
    DELLA SOSTANZA SPUGNOSA DELLE EPTFISI.   (RI-
    CERCHE SUL FEMORE DELL'UOMO NELLE VARIE  ETA).
    Monit. zool. ital., 1938, 48: Suppl.,  275-
    278.  pi.  Studies in polarized  light  of
    frontal sections of the upper end of the fe-
    mur of individuals of different  ages showed a
    great and rapid change in the arrangement of
    the trabeculae from the second year of life,
    which decreased with age.  These changes were
    believed to  depend upon mechanical stimuli,
    since it was observed that from  the first ap-
    pearance of  the epiphyseal nucleus the dis-
    tribution of the trabeculae corresponded to
    the lines of weight-bearing.  Simultaneous
    modifications  in the structure of the
    spongiosa trabeculae of the second and third
    order were also noted.

2351
  Amprino, R.  LA STRUCTURE DU TISSU OSSEUX
    envisagEe COMME EXPRESSION DE DIFFERENCES
    DANS LA VITESSE DE L'ACCROISSEMENT.  Arch.
    biol., Par., 1947, 58: 315-330.  15 refs.
    Discussion of the relation between bone
    structure and the rate of somatic growth.
    Structural variations in the bones of  ani-
    mals of different species or of  the same
    species are  attributed to difference in
    rates of somatic growth.

2352
  Amprino, R.  LA STRUTTURA DELLE OSSA DELL'UOMO
    SOTTRATTE ALLE SOLLECITAZIONI MECCANICHE.
    CONSIDERAZIONI SUL SIGNIFICATO FUNZIONALE
    DELLE STRUTTURE DELLA SOSTANZA COMPATTA.
    Roux Arch.,  1938, 138: 305-322.  Abstracted
    in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1939, 13: No. 9492.
    A study of the structure of theTTiaphyseal
    compact bone of the immobilized  extremities
    of individuals of various ages.  The struc-
    ture is qualitatively the same as that of
    bones under  normal mechanical stress,  but
    the processes of reconstruction  are slower
    than in normal bone.

2353
  Amprino, R.  TRANSFORMATIONS HISTOLOGIQUES
    PENDANT L'ACCROISSEMENT ET LA REMANIEMENT
    DU COL DU FEMUR APRES LA NAISSANCE.  C.
    rend. Ass. anat., 1937, 32: 19-35.  Studies
    in polarized light with special  staining
    methods were made of sections of the femur
    neck of 37 individuals from birth to old age.
    The progressive modifications observed in
    the structure and distribution of the
    spongiosa trabeculae and lamellae suggested
    a gradual reorientation of bone  structure
    for more perfect mechanical resistance.

2354
  Amprino, R. and Bairati, A.  PROCESSI DI RI-
    COSTRUZIONE  E DI RIASSORBIMENTO  NELLA  SOS-
    TANZA COMPATTA DELLE OSSA DELL'UOMO.   RI-
    CERCHE SU CENTO SOGGETTI DALLA NASCITA SINO
    A TARDA ETA.  Zschr. Zellforsch., 1936,  24:
    439-511.  Approx. 93 refs.  The  processes of
    change in the compacta of sections of  the hu-
    man diaphysis, upper occipital squamosa, hu-
    merus, tibia and digital phalanx, pre-natal
    to old age,  were studied in direct and po-
    larized light and with appropriate staining.
    Histological modifications observed are  de-
    scribed in detail and the mechanical sig-
    nificance of structural changes  in the com-
    pacta at the various ages are discussed.
    The article  contains a review of the litera-
    ture .

2355
  Amprino, R.  and Trivellini, A.  IL SIGNIFICATO
    FUNZl6NALE DELL'ARCHITETTURA E DELLA STRUT-
    TURA DEL COLLO DEL FEMORE NELLE  VARIE ETA ED
    IN CONDIZIONI PATOLOGISCHE.  Arch. ital.
    chir.. 1937,  4£ 1-36. -J.8 refs.
2356
scenzi, A.  CONTRIBUTO ALLO STUDIO DELLE PRO-
 PRIETA OTTICHE DELL'OSSO UMANO NORMALE.  I.
 SULL'INDICE DI RIFRAZIONE.   Atti Accad. naz.
 Lincei, Rendic, Class, sc.  fis., 1948, 4:
 777-783.  6 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
 Abstr., Bait., 1949,  23: No. 29326.
2357
  Ascenzi,  A.   QUANTITATIVE RESEARCHES IN THE
    OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF HUMAN BONE.   Nature,
    Lond.,  1949,  163:  604.   8 refs.  Abstracted
    in:  Excerpta  met".,  Sect.  1, 1949,  3:  No.
    1614; Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1949, 23:  No.
    28381.
2358
  Bader, L. and Canuto  G.   I  CANALI  DI  HAVERS
    IN RAPPORTO ALL'ETA. Arch,  antrop.  crim.,
    Tor., 1930, 50: 232-241.   10 refs.   Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1932,  6:
    No. 8307.
2359
  Bohatirchuk,  F.   SOME MICRORADIOGRAPHICAL
    DATA ON BONE AGING.  Anat.  Rec,  1953, 115:
    286-287. An abstract.   The author  believes
    that lack of a satisfactory method  of bone
    examination is one of the causes  of delay
    in the progress of this  study.  With micro-
    radiography, the necessity  of preliminary
    decalcification and possible artefacts may
    be avoided. It is pointed  out  that in
    microradiographs two kinds  of exostosis may
    be differentiated; that  having  the  struc-
    ture of bone,  which is pathologic and the
    structureless, which may be seen  in normal
    old persons.
23&rouwer, E.  OVER BEENSTRUCTUUR EN VOEDING BIJ*
    MENS EN DIER.  Voeding,  1952, 13:  55-65.  14
    refs.  Abstracted in:  Excerpta med.,  Sect.  2,
    1953, 6: No. 4913.  Microscopic studies  of
    sections of the tubular  bones of man  and cat-
    tle indicate marked differences in the struc-
    ture of compact bone.   In cattle this struc-
    ture consists mainly of  thin scales,  laminae,
    of coarsely fibrous bone arranged concentri-
    cally around the central cavity of the shaft
    with some lamellae deposited on either side.
    In man a similar structure exists in  youth
    but is gradually changed by continual resorp-
    tion and rebuilding into the structure of
    haversian,  interstitial  and basic lamellae  of
    the adult.   Mechanical influences (pressure
    pull, bend, torsion) are considered as fac-
    tors in the change.
2361
  Bruno, G.  itICERCHE SULLO SVILLUPO E SULLA
    MORFOLOGIA DELLO SPERONE FEMORALE (LAMINA
    FEMORALIS INTERNA) NELL'UOMO ED IN ALTRI
    VERTEBRATI.  Arch. ital. anat., 1933,  31:
    253-285.  34 refs.  Abstracted in: BioTT
    Abstr., Bait.,  1935, 9:  No.  19824.
2362
  Bruno, G.  UBER SENILE STRUKTURVERANDERUNGEN
    DER PROXIMALEN HUMERUS EPIPHYSE.  Fortsch.
    Rbntgenstrahl., 1934, 50:  287-289.

2363
  Chamberlin, G. W.  METABOLIC BONE CHANGES WITH
    AGING.  Pennsylvania, M. J., 1953, 56: 984-
    985.  An editorial pointing out to The phy-
    sician the structural changes in bone as-
    sociated with aging; description of the
    changes, their detection and treatments in
    senile osteoporosis, Paget's disease and
    degenerative joint disease are briefly dis-
    cussed . 
STRUCTURE - VARIATIONS WITH AGE (Con-
  tinued)
132
2364
  Filogamo, G.  FORMA E LUNGHEZZA DEGLI OSTEONI
    DELLA COMPATTA DELLE OSSA LUNGHE, NELL'UOMO.
    Ricer. morf., 1952, 22: 91-98.  2 pi.  4
    refs.  English, French" and German summaries.
    Complete reconstructions of Haversian sys-
    tems in different bones of man at different
    ages were carried out.  It was shown: con-
    centric Haversian systems pass into frag-
    ments of debris and seldom exist as com-
    plete cylindrical systems; they become
    shorter with advancing age; at points where
    remodelling takes place earlier (as at
    points of insertion of tendons) they are
    very short.
2365
  Filogamo, G.  LA FORME ET LA TAILLE DES OSTE-
    ONES CHEZ QUELQUES MAMMIFERES.  Arch, biol.,
    Par., 1946, 57: 137-143.  6 refs.  A study
    of the size and shape of the Haversian sys-
    tems of the compact bone of the ox, the
    horse and the dog at different ages.  Com-
    parisons are made with findings in bones of
    man.

2366
  GellSrt, A. >Z EMBERI CSONTOK t|rFOGATAR4NYAI
    ES POROSITAS VISZONYAI TIZ EGYEN CSONTVAZAn.
    A CSIGOLYAKNAK,fiS A CSONTOS GERINCOSZLOP
    SZAKASZAINAK TERFOGATARANYAI .  [VOLUME, PRO-
    PORTION AND POROSITY OF THE HUMAN BONES;
    STUDY OF 10 SKELETONS]  Magy. orv. arch.,
    1930, 31: 229-246.  5 refs.

2367
  Orlov,  M.  IA.   K VOPROSU O VOZRASTNYKH
    IZMENENIAKH GISTOSTRUKTURY BEDRA U CHELOVEKA.
    [AGE VARIATIONS OF HISTOSTRUCTURE OF THE FE-
    MUR IN MAN]   Antrop.  J.,  Moskva,  1937,  No.  2,
    83-101.   38 refs.

2368
  Peacock,  A.  OBSERVATIONS ON THE POSTNATAL
    STRUCTURE OF THE INTERVERTEBRAL DISC IN MAN.
    J. Anat., Lond.,  195?, 86:  162-179.  3 pi.
    52 refs.   Abstracted  in:  Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 1,  1953,  7:  No.  2277;  Biol.  Abstr.,
    Bait.,  1953,  277 No.  19693.
  287       559       1542      1567      1615
  1628      1670      2292

STRUCTURE - X-RAY DIFFRACTION STUDIES

2369
  Amprino, R. and Engstrom, A.  RISULTATI DI UNO
    STUDIO SULL'ASSORBIMENTO E SULLA DIFFRAZIONE
    DEI RAGGI ROENTGEN DA PARTE DEL TESSUTO OS-
    SEO.  Boll. Soc  ital.  biol. sper.,  1950,  26:
    148-151.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med., SecT.
    2, 1951, 4: No. 1954.   X-ray-absorption and
    -diffraction studies of the relative concen-
    trations of calcium salts in treated sections
    of long and flat  bones  of various species
    (man, horse, dog, rabbit, fowl) at various
    ages.
2370
  Amprino, R. and Engstrbm, A.  STUDIES ON X-RAY
    ABSORPTION AND DIFFRACTION OF BONE TISSUE.
    Acta anat., Basel, 1952, 15: 1-22.  50 refs.
    French and German summaries.  Abstracted in;
    Excerpta med., Sect. 1, 1953, 7: No. 461;
    Brit. Abstr., Sect. AIII, 1953, p. 133.
    Ground sections of compact and spongy bone
    of different mammals of various ages were
    studied and the mineral distribution, rela-
    tive calcium content and calcification pro-
    cesses analyzed.
2371
 ♦Bale,  W. F.  X-RAY DIFFRACTION STUDIES OF BONE
    AND TOOTH SUBSTANCE.  Rochester, N. Y.
    (Thesis-Univ. Rochester).  Unpublished.  Dr.
    Bale's doctoral dissertation has not been
    published in entirety in any form.  A part
    of it appeared in his report in the Am. J.
    Roentg.,  1940, 43: 735-747.
 2372
 ♦Carlstrom, D. and Finean, J  B.  X-RAY DIFFRAC-
    TION STUDIES ON THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF BONE.
    Biochim. biophys. acta, Amst., 1954, 13:
    183-191.

 2373
  Dawson, I. M.  THE INVESTIGATION OF BONE
    STRUCTURE BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION.  Biochem.
    J., Lond., 1945, 39: Proc. 37.  An ab-
    stract.  Specimens of normal and rachitic
    bone were examined.  The study indicated
    that the chemical constitution and the
    orientation of the principal constituents
    of bone are unaltered in rickets and that
    any change in bone strength is due to
    change in the proportion of the consti-
    tuents .

 2374
 ♦Engstrbm, A. and Amprino, R.  X-RAY DIFFRAC-
    TION AND X-RAY ABSORPTION STUDIES OF IM-
    MOBILIZED BONES.  Experientia, Basel, 1950,
    6: 267-269.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait.,  1951,  25: No. 17473.

2375
  Engstrbm, A. and Engfeldt, B.  X-RAY DIFFRAC-
    TION STUDIES ON BONE TISSUE DURING HYPER-
    PARATHYROIDISM.  Acta path, microb. scand.,
    1951, 28:  152-156.   5 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. ABstr.,  Bait., 1951, 25: No.  33384;
    Chem. Abstr.,  1951,  45:  5296*"".
2376
  Finean, J. B. and Engstrom, A.  LOW ANGLE RE-
    FLECTION IN X-RAY DIFFRACTION PATTERNS OF
    BONE TISSUE.  Experientia, Basel, 1954, 10:
    63-64.  2 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1954, 28: No. 23508.
2377
  Finean, J. B. and Engstrbm, A.  THE LOW-ANGLE
    SCATTER OF X-RAYS FROM BONE  TISSUE.  Bio-
    chim. biophys. acta, Amst.,  1953, 11:  178-
    189.  25 refs.  In  this study of longitudi-
    nal and cross-sections from  intact normal
    human bone, "the scattering  particles  ap-
    pear to be of uniform size and  to approxi-
    mate to rods which  have a diameter of  about
    75A and are about 210A long.  The particles
    appear to be well-aligned, with their  long
    axes in the direction of the longitudinal
    axis of the bone and parallel to the col-
    lagen fibre axis.   Particles from other
    types of normal bone seem to be of a simi-
    lar shape and size."

2378
  Henny, G. C. and Spiegel-Adolf, M.  X-RAY
    DIFFRACTION STUDIES ON FISH BONES.  Am. J.
    Physiol., 1945, 144: 632-636.   12 refs.
    Abstracted in: CHem. Abstr., 1946, 40:
    1403,  X-ray diffraction patterns o"f"~
    fish bones were compared with those of
    bones of various mammals.

2379
  Hirschman,  A.  and Fankuchen,  I.  A MICRO X-RAY
    DIFFRACTION STUDY ON THE STRUCTURE OF  IM-
    MATURE RAT BONE.   Anat.  Rec, 1949,  103:  469.

2380
  Lamarque,  P.   ETUDE  DE L'OS HUMAIN PAR LA DIF-
    FRACTION DES RAYONS  X.   C.  rend. Acad  sc
    1943,  216:  804-805.   2  refs.   Abstracted  in-
    Chem.  Abitr.,  1944,  38:  46234.
2381
  Lamarque,  P.  and  Mering,  J.   ETUDE SUBMICRO-
    SCOPIQUE DE L'OS HUMAIN PAR LA DIFFRACTION
    DES RAYONS  X.   J.  radiol.  electr.,  1942-43
    25- 201-205.   5 refs. 
133
STRUCTURE - X-RAY DIFFRACTION STUDIES
  (Continued)

2382
  Reed, C. I. and Reed, B. P.  ALTERATIONS  IN
    X-RAY DIFFRACTION PATTERN OF RAT TIBIA  IN
    RICKETS.  Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y.,  1942,
    50: 196-198.  8 refs.  Abstracted  in: Biol.
    ABstr., Bait., 1943, 17: No. 1528.  "Dif-
    fractograms of normal bone shows preferred
    orientation in d-3.34.   In rickets  there is
    disorientation that persists even  after  275
    days on an antirachitic  diet."  - Biol. Abstr
2383
  Reed, C. I. and Reed, B. P.  EVIDENCE OF THE
    PERIPHERAL ACTION OF VITAMIN D FROM X-RAY
    DIFFRACTION STUDIES.  Am. J. Physiol., 1945,
    143: 413-419.  5 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1945, 19: No. 15847.
2384
Reed, C. I., Struck, H. C. and Reed, B. P.  A
  COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NORMAL, RACHITIC AND
  HEALED RACHITIC BONE BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  TECHNIC.  Fed. Proc, Bait., 1942, 1: Pt. 2,
  70.  An abstract.
2385
  Spiegel-Adolf, M. and Henny, G. C.  X-RAY
    DIFFRACTION STUDIES ON FISH BONES.  Fed.
    Proc, Bait., 1945, 4: 105.  An abstract.
See:
20	275	383	401	556
617	619	621	626	627
639	640	641	658	659
2088	2239	2240		
STRUCTURE - X-RAY MICROSCOPIC STUDIES
2386
  Amprino, R.  ASPETTI DEL METABOLISMO MINERALE
    DELLO SCHELETRO ANALIZZATI CON L'ASSORBIMENTO
    DEI RAGGI ROENTGEN.  Arch. "Putti", 1952, 2;
    173-183.  13 refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta
    med., Sect. 5, 1953, 6: No. 1318..  The miner-
    al metabolism of sections of bone ground sub-
    stance is studied by a microphotographic-
    photometric method of x-ray absorption.  The
    method is described.
2387
 Amprino,  R.   RECHERCHES SUR LA DISTRIBUTION
    DES  MINERAUX DANS LA SUBSTANCE FONDAMENTALE
    DE L'OS.   Arch,  anat.,  Strasb.,  1952,  34:  9-
    17.  Abstracted  in:  Biol. Abstr.,  Bait.,
    1953,  27:  No. 6506.   X-ray absorption  studies
    of ground  sections of fresh bone from young
    animals were made to determine mineral con-
    centration during the formation of the ground
    substance.   Primary bone attained  a high  de-
    gree of calcification during its formation
    and  thereafter remained relatively uniform
    while  the  calcification of secondary bone
    differed in accordance with the periods in
    which  it was formed.   In the same  bone, the
    calcification of primary bone was  a more
    rapid  process than that of secondary bone.
2388
  Andreatta, C. and Forni, I.  CONFRONTO FRA
    SPETTROGRAMMI DEBYE DI CARTILAGINE UMANA
    NATURALE, DI OSSO DEMINERALIZZATO E DI 0SS0
    NATURALE.  Atti Accad. naz. Lincei, Rendic,
    Class, sc. fis., 1953, 15: 147-149.  pi.  4
    refs.  Abstracted in: cEem. Abstr., 1954,
    48: 3514f.
2389
  Becher, H.,  Hoegen, K. and Pfefferkorn, G.
    SUBLICHTMIKROSKOPISH-MORPHOLOGISCHE UNTER-
    SUCHUNGEN DES ANORGANISCHEN KNOCHENANTEILS.
    Acta anat., Basel, 1954, 20: 105-115.  8
    refs.  Electron-microscopic study.  "The
    units are 10-40 mu crystals of hydroxyl-
    apatite.  They show a lamellated structure
    of one or several layers which are sepa-
    rated from one another by small fissures.
    The quantity of the inorganic matter during
    osteogenesis increases first in the diaphy-
    sis.  X-rays show  an equal distribution of
    small crystals throughout the bone and
    larger crystals in the outermost layer only.
    In stereophotographs the arrangement of the
    hydroxylapatite crystals may be seen parallel
    to the white fibril.  Several layers of cry-
    stals surround the lattice of white fibres."

2390
  Clark, G. L., Bucher,  C. S. and Lorenz,  O.
    AN EXTENSION OF X-RAY RESEARCHES ON THE
    FINE STRUCTURES OF COLLOIDS TO NORMAL AND
    PATHOLOGICAL HUMAN TISSUES.  Radiology,
    1931, 17:  482-504.  Discussion:  p. 502-
    504.  "2*5 refs.  Abstracted in:  Chem.
    Abstr., 1931, 25: 5679.   Bone and carti-
    lage were inducted in the tissues studied.

2391
  Cohen, J. and Lacroix, P.   COMPARISON OF
    MICRORADIOGRAPHY AND HISTOLOGIC PATTERNS
    IN BONE.  Laborat. Invest., 1953, 2: 447-
    450.  4 refs.  Microradiographic "patterns
    of mineral distribution compared with the
    histologic staining pattern, showed that,
    in general, when the mineral concentration
    was high,  the organic content was low, and
    vice versa."

2392
  Engstrbm, A. and Engfeldt, B.  LAMELLAR STRUC-
    TURE OF OSTEONS DEMONSTRATED BY MICRORADIO-
    GRAPHY.  Experientia, Basel, 1953, 9:  19.  9
    refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1953, 27:  No. 6172.

2393
  Konishi, S.  [AN X-RAY-INTERFEROMETRIC STUDY
    OF THE ULTRAMICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF HUMAN
    TISSUES]  Mitt. Med. Akad. Kioto, 1940, 31:
    809-865.  pi.  58 refs.   German summary,
    p. 1006.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1942, 16: No. 7190.

2394
  Landoff, G.  A.  ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE BONE
    SALTS ON THE RADIOGRAPH OF SO-CALLED ACUTE
    ATROPHY OF BONE.  Acta orthop. scand.,
    1948, 17:  270-302.  53 refs.

2395
  Poglayen, C. and Tomasi, L.  SU ALCUNE PRO-
    PRIETA OTTICHE DIFFERENZIALI FRA TESSUTO
    OSSEO NORMALE E TESSUTO OSSEO NECROTICO.
    Arch. "Putti", 1952, 2: 190-206.  24 refs.
    Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 5,
    1953, 6: No. 3802.  A comparative study,
    by polarizing microscope, of the struc-
    tural differences between sections  of
    normal and necrotic bone.  The article
    contains a review of the literature.

2396
  Shirakawa, S.  DAS HAUPTSALZ IM KNOCHENGEWEBE.
    FORMS NR. 5: UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER DIE TRANS-
    MI KROSKOP ISC HE STRUKTUR DES LEBEWESENKORPERS.
    (Funaoka, S.)  Acta Scholae med. Univ. Kioto,
    1930-1931, 13: 250-259.  4 pi.   3  refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1931,  25:  3709.
See:

  317
644
647 
TEETH
134
2397
  Bagnall, J. S.  BIBLIOGRAPHY ON CARIES RE-
    SEARCH.  Ottawa, Associate Committee on
    Dental Research, 1950.  The sections on
    formation and calcification under dentin,
    enamel and tooth structure as well as those
    sections on diet and enzymes may be of par-
    ticular interest.

2398
  [BIBLIOGRAPHY]  IN: BIOCHEMICAL AND NUTRITION-
    AL STUDIES IN RELATION TO THE TEETH.  (Arm-
    strong, W. D.)  Annual Rev. Biochem., 1942,
    11: 459-464.  161 refs.  Abstracted in:  Chem.
    Abstr., 1942, 36j 48695.

2399
  Campbell, I. R., Christian, M. R. and Widner,
    E., comps.  CLASSIFIED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PUB-
    LICATIONS CONCERNING FLUORINE AND ITS COM-
    POUNDS IN RELATION TO MAN, ANIMALS, AND
    THEIR ENVIRONMENT INCLUDING EFFECTS ON
    PLANTS.  PART I. INORGANIC FLUORINE COM-
    POUNDS.  PART II. ORGANIC FLUORINE COM-
    POUNDS.  Cincinnati, Kettering Laboratory
    of Applied Physiology, College of Medicine,
    University of Cincinnati, 1950-1953.

2400
  Leicester, H. M.  BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE TEETH.
    306p.  St. Louis, Mosby, 1949.  Chapter
    endings have lists of references.

2401
  Leicester, H. M.  THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE
    TEETH.  Annual Rev. Biochem., 1953, 22:
    341-349.   117 refs.
2402
  Smith, F. A. and Cox, G.J.  A BIBLIOGRAPHY
    OF THE LITERATURE, 1936-1952 ON THE PHARMA-
    COLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY OF FLUORINE AND ITS
    COMPOUNDS, INCLUDING EFFECTS ON BONES AND
    TEETH.  [186p.]  Rochester, University of
    Rochester Atomic Energy Project.  (UR-154
    rev.)  A list of 2449 references.

TISSUE CULTURE

  see  also CELLS and subdivisions

2403
  Bucher, O.   UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER DIE REGENE-
    RATIONSVORGANGE AN EXPERIMENTELL GESETZTEN
    KONCHENBRUCHEN IN DER KULTURE IN VITRO.
    Acta anat., Basel, 1952, 14: 98-107.  12
    refs.  Abstracted in: BioTT Abstr., Bait.,
    1952, 26:  No. 31205.


2404
  Fell, H. B.  HISTOGENESIS IN TISSUE CULTURE.
    IN: CYTOLOGY AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY.  2.ed.
    "(Bourne, G. H. , ed.)  Oxford, Clarendon
    Press, 1952, p. 418-443.  2 pi.  154 refs.
    See particularly, Skeletal tissue: p. 422-
    429.

2405
  Fell, H. B.  THE OSTEOGENIC CAPACITY IN VITRO
    OF PERIOSTEUM AND ENDOSTEUM ISOLATED FROM
    THE LIMB SKELETON OF FOWL EMBRYOS AND YOUNG
    CHICKS.  J. Anat., Lond., 1932, 66: 157-
    180   6 pi.  14 refs.  AbstractecTin: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1933, 7: No. 11959.  The
    study was  made of the"~periosteum of the
    limb bones at different stages of develop-
    ment .


24Fell  H  B.  OSTEOGENESIS IN VITRO.  Arch.
    exp. Zellforsch., 1931, U: 245-252.  15
    refs.

2407
  Fell  H. [B.]  TISSUE CULTURE AND THE STUDY OF
    SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT.  Lancet, Lond., 1935,
    1: 681.
2408
  Fell, H. B. and Robison,  R.   THE D^ELOPMENT
    OF THE CALCIFYING MECHANISM IN AVIAN CAKII
    LAGE AND OSTEOID TISSUE.  Biochem. J.,
    Lond., 1934, 28: 2243-2253.  3 pi.  9 refs■
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1935,
    9: No. 14796; Chem. Abstr., 1935, 29: 30126.
    "It is concluded that developing osteoid
    tissue and hypertrophic cartilage do not at
    once  acquire the calcifying mechanism but
    that  this mechanism is gradually developed
    during the course of differentiation."

2409
  Fischer, A.  WACHSTUM VON HYALINEM KNORPEL IN
    VITRO.  Roux Arch., 1931-1932, 125: 203-209.
    7 refs.

2410
 ♦Fujii,  T. and Simazaki, S.   EFFECT OF IR-
    RADIATED ERGOSTEROL ON THE CALCIFICATION OF
    CHICK TISSUES IN VITRO.  J. Fac. Sc., Univ.
    Tokyo, Sect. IV, 1943, 6:  195-205.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1951, 25:
    No. 16500.  "Ca deposition was observed In
    most  of the cultures receiving vitamin D,
    while not taking place in  controls even when
    highly concentrated CaCl2  solution was added.
    Limb-buds proved to have the highest rate of
    calcification and it was suggested that one
    of the essential actions of vitamin D is a
    direct influence on Ca deposition." - Biol.
    Abstr.

2411
  Gaillard, P. J.  DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES IN THE
    COMPOSITION OF THE BODY FLUIDS IN RELATION
    TO GROWTH AND DIFFERENTIATION OF TISSUE CUL-
    TURES.  Protoplasma, Lpz., 1935, 23: 145-
    174.  11 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1936, 10: No. 19659.

2412
  Gaillard, P. J.  GESETZMASSIGKEITEN BEIM WACHS-
    TUM VON GEWEBEKULTUREN.  I . ANALYSE DER ZELL-
    TEILUNGSFREQUENZ.  Protoplasma, Lpz., 1935,
    24: 384-403.  9 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    ABstr., Bait., 1936, 10: No. 12596.  A study
    to determine "what conHitions are responsible
    for changes in the number  of mitotic divi-
    sions per 100 cells, which exist in the
    growth zones of strain cultures of the pri-
    mordial os frontale of 15  day old embryos."
    Conclusion: "... there is no simple direct
    relation between the number of mitosis per
    1000  cells and the local density per unit of
    volume, as the lines do not run in 45o posi-
    tion  in the graphic representation."

2413
  Gaillard,  P.  J  and Hecht, E.  EIN BEITRAG ZUR
    VEREINFACHUNG GEWEBEZUCHTERISCHE KULTURME-
    DIEN.   ERSATZ DER KOAGULATIONSWIRKUNG DES EM-
    BRYONALEXTRAKTES.  Protoplasma, Lpz., 1935,
    23= 1-13.  14 refs.

2414
  Heinen,  J.  H., Jr.  THE  DIFFERENTIATION OF

    oSSic^e^ 3°-? T^sSg0ULIH5Is 0F
    (Thesis-Univ. Chicago).

2415
  Hopkins, F. G.  and Simon-Reuss,  I   THE EF-
    FECT OF HYPOXANTHINE ON THE GROWTH OF AN
    AVIAN  TISSUE IN  VITRO.   Proc.  R.  Soc
    Ser. B,  Biol.  Sc.,  Lond.,  1944,  132-253-
    257.   10  refs.   Abstracted  in:  BioT
    Abstr.,  Bait.,  1945, 19: No.  10652
2416
  Jacobson,  W.  and Fell,  H.  B.   THE  DEVELOP-
    MENTAL MECHANICS AND  POTENCIES OF THE UN-
    DIFFERENTIATED MESENCHYME OF THE MANDIBLE,
    q. J. Micr. Sc., Lond.,  n.s.,  1940-1941
    82: 563-586.  5 pi.   4 refs. 
TISSUE CULTURE (Continued)
135
2417
  Krasovskaia, 0. V.  DIFERENTSIATSIIA SKELET-
    OGENNOI MEZENKHIMY KURINOGO EMBRIONA IN
    VITRO.  [DIFFERENTIATION OF SKELETOGENIC
    MESENCHYMA OF CHICK EMBRYO IN VITRO]  Arkh
    biol. nauk, 1934, 34: 193-208.  40 refs.
    German summary.  ABstracted in: Biol
    Abstr., Bait., 1936, 10: No. 4484.

2418

 *LeYi^ £~™JISSUE CULTURE STUDIES ON INTRINSIC
    AND EXTRINSIC FACTORS IN BONE DEVELOPMENT.
    J. internat. chir., Brux., 1953, 13- 416-
    422.                             —

2419
  Mitchell, J. R.  GROWTH OF EMBRYONIC RAT BONE
    IN CIRCULATING MEDIUM.  Anat. Rec, 1950,
    106: 111-114.  4 refs.  Abstracted in- Ex-
    cerpta med., Sect. 1, 1950, 4: No. 1469;
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1950, 23: No. 18856.

2420
  Mollendorff, W. von.  DAS MUTTERSTOCK VON
    BINDEGEWEBSKULTUREN.  EIN BEITRAG ZUR FRAGE,
    WIE KONSTRUKTIVE FASERSYSTEME UND HARTSUB-
    STANZEN ENTSTEHEN.  Zschr. Zellforsch.,
    1932, 15:  131-160.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1934, 8:  No. 20958.

2421
  Niven, J. S. F.  THE REPAIR "IN VITRO" OF EM-
    BRYONIC BONES AFTER EXPERIMENTAL FRACTURE.
    Arch. exp. Zellforsch.,  1931, 11: 253-258.
    Discussion: p. 257-258.

2422
  Niven, J. S. F.  THE REPAIR IN VITRO OF EMBRY-
    ONIC SKELETAL RUDIMENTS AFTER EXPERIMENTAL
    INJURY.  J. Path. Bact., Lond., 1931, 34:
    307-324.  3 pi.  9 refs.

2423
  Paff, G. H.   INFLUENCE OF PH ON GROWTH OF BONE
    IN TISSUE CULTURE.  Proc. Soc. Exp.  Biol.,
    N. Y., 1948,  68:  288-293.  19 refs.   Ab-
    stracted in:  Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1949, 23:
    No. 4158;  Chem. Abstr.,  1948, 42: 8292h.
    "More bone was formed and more"Ca deposited
    at the low than at the high pH.  These re-
    sults are strong evidence against the theory
    that the local factor in bone growth is a
    change in pH toward the  alkaline region."
2427
  Roulet, F.   AU SUJET DE LA STRUCTURE DE LA
    "CAPSULE" DES CELLULES CARTILAGINEUSES.   Ann
    anat. path., Par., 1935, 12:  439-446.  6
    refs.  Abstracted in: BioTT Abstr.,  Bait.,
    1936, 10: No. 17036.   A block of hyaline
    cartilage was stripped of the perichondrium
    and cultured in homologous plasma containing
    colonies  of fibroblasts.  Fibrocytic action
    upon the  cartilage resulted in resorption of
    peripheral areas of the cartilage and ex-
    posure and development of the pre-existant
    pericellular fibrillary networks of  the  car-
    tilage ground substance, sometimes called
    "capsules".  Identical phenomena were ob-
    served during the course of endochondral
    ossification.

2428
  Rumiantsev, A. V.  and Berezkina,  L.  F.   DE-
    VELOPMENT OF BONE TISSUE IN PURE CULTURES
    OF OSTEOGENIC MESENCHYME IN VITRO.   C. rend.
    Acad. sc. URSS,  1944, 45:  42-44.   5  refs.
2429
  Tbro,  E.   BEITRAGE  ZUR  KAUSALEN GENESE DER
    KNORPEL- UND KNOCHENENTWICKLUNG.  Anat. Anz.
    1935,  80:  285-294.  19  refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol.  ABstr.,  Bait.,  1936,  10: No.  17090.
2430
  Weil, J.  T.   LA CONSOLIDATION DE  FRACTURES  IN
    VITRO ET L'INFLUENCE DE L'OSSOPAN.   Schweiz.
    Zschr.  allg.  Path.,  1951,  14: 205-224.  35
    refs.  Abstracted  in:  Excerpta  med.,  Sect.
    5,  1951, 4:  No.  3362.
2431
  Willmer, E. N. and Jacoby,  F.   STUDIES ON THE
    GROWTH OF TISSUES IN VITRO.   IV.  ON THE MAN-
    NER IN WHICH GROWTH IS STIMULATED BY EXTRACTS
    OF EMBRYO TISSUES.   J. Exp.  Biol.,  Lond.,
    1936, 13: 237-248.   8 refs.
2432
 ♦Zaayer,  J.  J.  P.   EMBRYONALE  PIJPBEENTJES
    VAN DE MENS  IN  VITRO.   57p.   1953.   (Thesis-
    Univ.  Leyden).   Abstracted  in:  Excerpta
    med.,  Sect.  1,  1954,  7:  No.  1006.
2424
  Paff, G. H. and Eksterowicz, F. C.  THE SE-
    LECTIVE STOPPAGE OF BONE GROWTH IN TISSUE
    CULTURE.  Anat. Rec, 1950, 108: 45-55.  8
    refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,  Sect.
    1,  1951, 5: No. 550; Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1951, 25: No. 17441.  Alizarin red S stops
    all osteogenetic activity in embryonic
    chick metatarsals but does not interfere
    with growth of cartilage and fibrous con-
    nective tissue.  It is suggested that the
    blocking of the process of osteogenesis may
    be  due to formation of a non-utilizable
    calcium lake within cells responsible for
    formation of bone.
2425
  Roche,  J. and Deltour, G. H.  CALCIFICATION IN
    VITRO ET MODIFICATIONS EXPERIMENTALES DE
    L'AFFINITE DE L'OS POUR LES IONS POf ET CAV* .
    C.  rend.  Soc. biol., 1943, 137: 531-532.  1
    ref.   Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,  1945, 39:
    25175.
See:
5	150	152	178	442
453	554	697	731	733
747	1133	1299	1624	1625
1658	2434	2462	2731	2732
2733	2762			
TISSUE CULTURE - BIBLIOGRAPHY
 2433
  Murray, M. R. and Kopech, G.  A BIBLIOGRAPHY
    OF THE RESEARCH IN TISSUE CULTURE, 1884 TO
    1950.  New York, Academic Press, 1953.  v.l
    Bone: p. 189-206.  Cartilage: p. 278-283.

See:

  186
TISSUE TRANSPLANTS
2426
  Rodova,  H
          OBSERVATIONS ON THE INITIAL STAGES
OF OSSIFICATION IN VITRO.  J. Anat., Lond.,
1948, 82: 175-182.  2 pi.  25 refs.  Ab-
stractetj in: Excerpta med., Sect. 1, 1950,
4: No. 1667; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1949, 23:
2434
  Allgbwer, M. and Rosin, A.  DAS PERIOSSARE
    GEWEBE DES NORMALEN AND FRAKTURIERTEN
    KNOCHENS IN DER G3WEBSKULTUR.  Bull.
    Schewiz. Akad. med. Wiss., 1953, 9: 181-
    208.  18 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.
    Bait., 1954, 28: No. 13584; Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 9, 1954, 8: No. 4007. 
136
TISSUE TRANSPLANTS  (Continued)
2435
  Aspiz, M. E.  SPOSOBY ZAMESHCHENIIA KHRIASHCHA
    KOST'IU U KOSTISTYKH ZYB.  [THE MANNER OF
    REPLACEMENT OF CARTILAGE BY BONE IN THE
    BONY FISHES]  C. rend. Acad. sc. URSS, 1949,
    68: 153-156.  7 refs.  In bony fishes de-
    calcified bones transplanted and placed  in
    contiguity with cartilage provokes a de-
    pression of chondroblastic and an increase
    of osteoblastic activities.  Modification
    of nutrition provokes destruction of car-
    tilage, and osseous tissue is at the same
    time formed on its surface.  Three processes
    of the cartilageous cells were observed: 1)
    Periosteal ossification with cartilaginous
    cells degeneration. 2) Endochondral ossifi-
    cation without participation of blood ves-
    sels and special cells. 3) The typical
    endochondral process of ossification ob-
    served in all species of vertebrates
    (hyoideum).


2436
  Axhausen, G.  1ST DIE "KLASSISCHE OSTEO-
    BLASTENLEHRE" BEI DER FREIEN KNOCHENTRANS-
    PLANTATION UNHALTBAR GEWORDEN?  Chirurg,
    1951, 22: 163-166.  19 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Excerpta med., Sect. 5, 1951, 4_^ No.
    3363.
2437
 ♦Axhausen, W.  BIOLOGISCHE GRUNDLAGEN DER
    FREIEN KNOCHENUEBERPFLANZUNG.  J. internat,
    chir., Brux., 1953, 13: 341-349.
2444
  Barnicot, N. A.  THE LOCAL ACTION OF VITAMIN
    A ON BONE.  J. Anat., Lond., 1950, 84: J74-
    387.  pi.  22 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1951, 25: No. 16491; Chem.
    Abstr., 1952, 46: 621*2*""; Nutrit. Abstr.,
    Aberdeen, 1950~""5l, 20: No. 4878.  Vitamin
    A acetate was attached to small pieces of
    parietal bone from ten-day-old mice and the
    combination implanted into the cerebral
    hemisphere of litter mates.  Examination of
    the grafts after 7 or 14 days showed marked
    resorption and numerous osteoclasts, often
    perforation.  The skeletal effects of vita-
    min A deficiency and overdosage are dis-
    cussed .

2445
  Bingel, K.  ORTLICHER  STOFFWECHSEL  UND GE-
    WEBSREAKTION.  t)BER  DIE BEEINFLUSSUNG TRANS-
    PLANTIERTER KNORPELSTUCKE DURCH GEWEBSFREMDE
    UMGEBUNG UND DURCH APPLIKATION VON SALZ-
    LOSUNGEN ODER ORGANEXTRAKT.  Beitr. path.
    Anat., 1937, 99: 205-223.   66 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: C*Eem. Abstr.,  1937,  31: 63064.

2446
  Bisgard, J. D.  OSSIFICATION, THE INFLUENCE
    OF THE MINERAL CONSTITUENTS OF BONE.  Arch.
    Surg., 1936, 33: 926-939.   16 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: BTol. Abstr., Bait., 1937, 11:
    No. 17080; Chem. Abstr., 1937, 31: 1867'.
    "Thus synthetic bone salts  failed" to pro-
    duce bone in ossifiable tissues and did not
    alter the ossification of osteogenic tis-
    sues, while bone, regardless of its via-
    bility, had a favorable effect."  - Biol.
    Abstr.
2438
  A
xhausen, W.  EXPERIMENTELLE UNTERSUCHUNGEN
 ZUR THEORIE DER "INDUZIERTEN" KNOCHEN-
 NEUBILDUNG (LEVANDER).  Arch. klin. Chir.,
 1950, 266:381-398.  40 refs.
2439
 ♦Axhausen, W.  KNOCHENBILDUNGSFAhIGKEIT DER
    FREI UBERPFLANZTEN KNOCHENHAUT.  Zbl.
    Chir., 1952, 77: 27-36.  Abstracted in:
    Excerpta med., Sect. 9, 1952, 6: No. 8884.


2440
  Axhausen, W.  DIE QUELLEN DER KNOCHENNEUBILDUNG
    NACH FREIER KNOCHENUBERPFLANZUNG.  Arch.
    klin. Chir., 1951, 270: 439-442.  Discussion,
    p. 442-443.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 1, 1953, 7: No. 1335.  An examination
    of the theories of Levander, Heinen, Hege-
    mann, Oberdalhoff and others on osteogenesis
    is followed by a description of personal
    experiments on adult dogs, which are inter-
    preted as proving the survival of bone-
    building cells (osteoblasts) in transplanted
    tissue.  Transplants of isolated periosteum
    did not form new bone but periosteum in the
    presence of bone, even necrosing bone, pro-
    moted osteogenesis.
2441
Barbieri, D.  RICERCHE SUGLI INNESTI DI MI-
  DOLLO OSSEO.  Boll. Soc ital. biol. sper,
  1930, 5: 250-253.
2442
Barbieri, D.  RICERCHE SUGLI INNESTI DI MI-
  DOLLO OSSEO.  NOTA II.  Boll. Soc. ital.
  biol. sper., 1931, 6: 412-414-  J ™f
  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1934,
  8: No. 1894.
;443
 Barbieri
            RICERCHE SUGLI INNESTI DI MI-
DOLLO OSSEO.  NOTA III.  Boll  Soc  ital.
biol. sper., 1931, 6: 1065-1068.  2 refs.
2447
  BONE REGENERATION.  Lancet, Lond., 1952, 2:
    383-385.  15 refs.  A short survey devoted
    to: the fate of bone grafts, origin of os-
    teoblasts, and bone formation by induction.

2448
  BrUcke, F.  ZUR FRAGE DER BEDEUTUNG DES EPI-
    PHYSENFUGENKNORPELS FUR DAS WACHSTUM DER
    LANGEN ROHRENKNOCHEN.  (EXPERIMENTELLE
    UNTERSUCHUNG UBER RUCKEINPFLANZUNG DES UM
    180° GEDREHTEN FUGENKNORPELS.)  Virchows
    Arch., 1931, 279: 641-670.  25 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: BTol. Abstr., Bait., 1933, 7:
    No. 4363.

2449
  Camitz, H., Holmgren, H. and Johansson, H.
    CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDE DE LA NATURE DE LA
    TRANSPLANTATION OSSEUSE.   Acta chir scand.,
    1934, 75: 1-67.  73 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. ABstr., Bait., 1936, 10: No. 6860.
    Histological study of bone "Formation from
    homologous fragments of radii transplanted
    in dogs.

2450
  Chidichimo, G.  SULL'OSSIFICAZIONE SPERI-
    MENTALE DI LEMBI D'ARTERIA ELASTICA E DI
    OSSO OMOPLASTICI INNESTATI NEL SOTTOCUTANEO
    Minerva chir.,  Tor., 1948, 3:  52-56   Ab-
    stracted in: Excerpta med.,"Sect  5. 1949
    2: No. 1562.                       ' *"""'

2451

  Ciocca,  E.   CONTRIBUTO ALLO STUDIO ISTOTnrrnn
    DEI TRAPIANTI OSSEI AUTOPLASTIC? PMinftSS
    LAMENTO NELL'UOMO (TRAPIANTO A DISTANZA n?
    DUE ANNI  E QUATTRO MESI)    Chir  oxt  *
    1934,  20:  129-139.   14 refs           movim.,

2452
  Cioffi, A.   SULLA IMPIOMBATURA DELLE OSSA CON
    MUSCOLO DI PICCIONE (CONTRIBUTO SPERIMENTALE)
    Rass. internaz. clin. ter., 1934, 15: 962-
    974.  10 refs.                       " 
137
TISSUE TRANSPLANTS  (Continued)
2453
  Copher, G. H.  THE EFFECT OF URINARY BLADDER
    TRANSPLANTS AND EXTRACTS ON  THE FORMATION OF
    BONE.  A FURTHER EXPERIMENTAL  STUDY.   Tr.
    Am. Surg. Ass., 1938,  56: 423-429.  3  refs.
    Also in: Ann.  Surg.,  1938, 108: 934-940.

2454
  Danini, E. S.  SUR QUELQUES PROPRIETES DES
    CELLULES CARTILAGINBUSES ET  SUR LES CA-
    PACITES SQUELETTOGENES DU TISSU CONJONCTIF.
    Bull, histol.  appl.,  Lyon, 1937,  14: 223-
    238.  39 refs.  Abstracted in: BioT. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1938, 12: No.  10696.

 2455
  Danini, E. S. and Kasheverov,  S. I.  GISTO-
    LOGICHESKIE NABLIUDENIIA NAD TRANSPLANTIROVAN-
    NOI NADKHRIASHCHNITSEI.  [HISTOLOGICAL OB-
    SERVATIONS OF  TRANSPLANTED CARTILAGE]  Biull.
    eksp. biol. med.,  1945, 19:  22-23.

2456
  De Bruyn, P. P.  H.   BONE FORMATION  BY FRESH
    AND FROZEN TRANSPLANTS OF BONE, BONE MARROW
    AND PERIOSTEUM.  Anat. Rec, 1947, 99: 641.
    An abstract.

2457
  De Marchi, E.  SUL POTERE OSTEOGENICO DELL'EPI-
    FISI EMBRIONALE (RICERCHE SPERIMENTALI).
    NOTA PRIMA.  Chir.  org. movim., 1936,  21:
    460-468.  25 refs.                     —

2458
  De Marchi, E.  SUL POTERE OSTEOGENICO DELL'EPI-
    FISI EMBRIONALE.   RICERCHE SPERIMENTALI.
    Chir. org. movim.,  1938, 23: 310-316.  28
    refs.

2459
  Dolfini, G.  "SUI TRAPIANTI DI MIDOLLO OSSEO
    IN ANIMALI ANEMIZZATI."  Atti  1st. venet.
    sc, 1930-1931, 90:  1107-1132.  7 pi.  62
    refs.

2460
  Engstrom, H. and Orell,  S.  UBER REGENERATION
    RINGS UM SUBCUTANE  KNOCHENIMPLANTATE.  Zschr.
    mikr. anat. Forsch.,  1943, 53: 283-318.  68
    refs.

2461
•  Fang, H. C. and  Miltner, L. J.  COMPARISON OF
    OSTEOGENIC POWER OF PERIOSTEAL TRANSPLANTS
    FROM RIB AND TIBIA.   Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol.,
    N. Y., 1933, 31: 386-388.  5 refs.
2462
  Fell, H. B. and Canti,  R.  G.   EXPERIMENTS  ON
    THE DEVELOPMENT IN VITRO OF THE AVIAN KNEE-
    JOINT.  Proc R.  Soc, Ser.  B,  Biol.  Sc. ,
    Lond., 1934-35,  116:  316-351.   4  pi.   12
    refs .

2463
  Fogliati, E.  STUDI  SPERIMENTALI  SULL'OSTEO-
    GENESI ETEROTOPICA.   OSTEOGENESI  ETEBOTOPICA
    DA INNESTO DI MUCOSA  DELLE VIE  ORINARIE.
    NOTA SECONDA.  Chir.  org. movim.,  1950, 34:
    132-140.  21 refs.  Abstracted  in: Excerpta
    med., Sect. 5,  1951,  4:  No.  892.   In  adult
    dogs histological  studies were  made of
    heterotopic osteogenesis induced  by auto-
    genous urinary  tract  mucosa  transplants.

2464
  Fogliati, E. and Enria, G.  STUDIO  ISTOCHIMICO
    DEL MECCANISMO FOSFATASICO  NELL'OSSIFICA-
    ZIONE ETEROTOPICA  DA  INNESTO DI EPITELIO
    DELLE VIE ORINARIE.   Chir. org. movim.,  1951,
    36: 25-35.  20 refs.  Abstracted  in:  Excerpta
    med.,  Sect.* 5, 1952,  5:  No.  2905.  In dogs
    studies were made  of  phosphatase  reaction in-
    duced by autogenous urinary  tract mucosa
    transplant^ in *he musculature.
2465
  Gordon,  S.  D.  and Warren,  R.  F.  HOMOGENOUS
    FETAL CARTILAGE GRAFTS TO BONE; AN EXPERI-
    MENTAL STUDY.   Ann.  Surg.,  1948, 127: 90-
    97.  9 refs.

2466
  Grugni,  C.  and Prina,  C.  ULTERIORI RICERCHE
    SULL'OSSIFICAZIONE SPERIMENTALE NELLA
    LINGUA.  Med.  sper., Tor.,  1952, 23:  225-
    238.  18  refs.  Abstracted  in:  Excerpta
    med.,  Sect.  5, 1953, 6:  No.  3172.
2467
  Ham, A. W. and Gordon, S.  THE ORIGIN OF BONE
    THAT FORMS IN ASSOCIATION WITH CANCELLOUS
    CHIPS TRANSPLANTED INTO MUSCLE.  Brit. J.
    Plastic Surg., 1952, 5: 154-160.  8 refs.
    Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 9,
    1953, 7: No. 3278; Internat. Abstr., 1953,
    97: 90.  A study was made with 5 dogs.  It
    was concluded that new bone is formed from
    the living transplanted bone cells and not
    by metaplasia.

2468
  Hancox, N. M.  OSTEOGENESIS AROUND MULTIPLE
    FRAGMENTS OF CHICK EMBRYO BONE GRAFTED TO
    DEVELOPING CHICK EMBRYO CHORIOALLANTOIS.
    J. Physiol., Lond., 1948,  107: 513-517.   2
    pi.  15 refs.  Abstracted in:  Excerpta
    med., Sect. 1, 1949, 3: No.  llll;  Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1949, *2_3: No. 11140.

2469
  Hancox, N. M.  THE SURVIVAL OF TRANSPLANTED
    EMBRYO BONE GRAFTED TO CHORIOALLANTOIC MEM-
    BRANE, AND SUBSEQUENT OSTEOGENESIS.  J.
    Physiol., Lond., 1947, 106:  279-285.  pi.
    27 refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 2, 1948, 1:  No. 2733;  Biol.  Abstr.,
    Bait., 1948, 227 No. 9155.

2470
  Bass, S. L.  FURTHER OBSERVATION ON THE TRANS-
    PLANTATION OF THE EPIPHYSEAL CARTILAGE PLATE.
    Internat. Abstr. Surg., 1931,  52:  958-963.
    10 refs.  The epiphyseal cartilage plate
    loses its function of producing length growth
    after transplantation.

2471
  Hegemann, G.  UNTERSUCHUNGEN ZUR. FRAGE DER
    KNOCHENNEUBILDUNG DURCH EINEN ZELLFREIEN,
    STOFFLICHEN, SPEZIFISCH-OSTEOGENEN FAKTOR.
    Chirurg, 1951, 22: 25-28.   38 refs.  In
    rabbits implants were made of fresh bone,
    muscle and urinary tract enclosed in fil-
    ter bags (some of coarse "Cellafilter")
    through which fluids, salts, etc. could
    pass but which did not permit the passage
    of cells.  No new bone formation occurred,
    disproving the theory of a specific osteo-
    genetic substance in the implanted tissue.

2472
  Hellstadius, A.  "BONE CHIP" GRAFTS IN DE-
    FECTS IN THE LONG BONES.  A STUDY ON THE
    TRANSPLANTATION OF BONE CHIPS FROM COMPACT
    AND FROM SPONGY SUBSTANCE IN DEFECTS IN THE
    LONG BONES AND ON THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE
    PERIOSTEUM AND ENDOSTEUM IN BONE GRAFTS
    FROM COMPACT SUBSTANCE.  Acta chir. scand.,
    1944, 90: 317-328.  15 refs.  Abstracted
    in: BioT. Abstr.,  Bait., 1947, 21: No.
    8618.  In experiments with rabbits, new
    bone occurred more slowly with the use of
    spongy substance than with compact sub-
    stance.  The retaining of periosteum and
    endosteum on grafts promoted formation of
    new bone.  Matti's opinion that bone cells
    in the spongy grafts survive, whereas those
    in compact grafts do not was not confirmed. 
TISSUE TRANSPLANTS  (Continued)
138
2473
  Hellstadius, A.  ON THE ABILITY OF BONE TISSUE
    (INCLUDING "OS NOVUM") TO SURVIVE IN PEDI-
    CLED BONE GRAFTS.  Acta chir. scand., 1942,
    86: 85-109.  4 pi.  31 refs.  A study car-
    ried out on rabbits.  New-bone formation in
    pedicled grafts was not more abundant than
    in free ones.  Experiments with transplanta-
    tion of os novum showed that the new-formed
    osteoid tissue, if sufficiently young, sur-
    vives not only in pedicled but probably
    partially in free grafts.

2474
  Huggins, C. B., McCarroll, H. R. and Blocksom,
    B. H., Jr.  EXPERIMENTS ON THE THEORY OF
    OSTEOGENESIS.  THE INFLUENCE OF LOCAL CAL-
    CIUM DEPOSITS ON OSSIFICATION; THE OSTEO-
    GENIC STIMULUS OF EPITHELIUM.  Arch. Surg.,
    1936, 32: 915-931.  45 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Chem. Abstr., 1936, 30: 83415; Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1937, 11: No. 17085.

2475
  Hutchison, J.  OBSERVATIONS ON BONE TRANS-
    PLANTS IN THE ANTERIOR CHAMBER OF THE EYE.
    Glasgow M. J., 1949, 30: 357-363.  9 refs.
    "The homotransplants do not survive but be-
    come sequestra.   ...  Autotransplants sur-
    vive.  In  the early stages  there  is some
    loss of vitality  in the autotransplants, but
    they later revive.  This revival  appears to
    be due not only  to  the activity of the bone
    cells of  the  transplant but  to invading host
    cells which  become  converted  into and func-
    tion as osteoblasts."

2476
  Imbert, L.  RECHERCHES HISTOLOGIQUES SUR
    l>Evolution de la greffe osseuse.  Ann.
    anat. path., Par.,  1930, 7: 291-315.
    22 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1932, 6: No. 17312.
2483
Lacroix, P.  LE DfiTERMINISME GENERAL DE L'OS-
  SIFICATION ENDOCHONDRALE.   Bull. Acad. mea,
  Belgique, 1945, 10:  517-532.  4 pi.  12
  refs.  Abstracte<"Tin:  Excerpta med., Sect.
  1, 1948, 2: No. 371.
2484
  Lacroix,  P.  LES GREFFES DE TISSU OSSEUX.
    ETUDE RISTOPHYSIOLOGIQUE.  Arch, biol.,
    Par., 1949, 60: 2-13.  35 refs.

2485
  Lacroix,  P.  ON THE ORIGIN OF THE DIAPHYSIS.
    Anat. Rec, 1945, 92: 433-438.  pi.  9 refs.
    Abstracted in: BioTT Abstr., Bait., 1946,
    20:  No. 869.  "In rabbits, the central part
    oT the  growth cartilage of the distal radius
    or of the rib has been grafted into the
    brain,  the medullary cavity of the tibia
    and under the kidney capsule.  Now, under
    these circumstances, a bony ring identical
    to that of the ossification groove appears
    around  the cartilage.  Consequently it may
    be said that the formation of the peri-
    chondrial ring and of the primitive dia-
    physis  must be considered as an induction
    phenomenon directed by the growing carti-
    lage."  - Biol. Abstr.

2486
  Lacroix,  P.  ORGANIZERS AND THE GROWTH OF BONE.
    J. Bone Surg., 1947, 29: 292-296.  7 refs.
    Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 1, 1949,
    3: No.  304.

2487
  Lacroix.  P   RECHERCHES EXPERIMENTALES SUR
    L'OSTEOGENESE PERIOSTIQUE.  Arch, biol.,
    Par., 1946, 57: 99-136.  41 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1947,
    21: No. 8895.
2477
Imbert,  R.   SUR LA VIE ALTERNANTE DES TISSUS,
  Paris  mgd.,  1933, 87: 267-270.
2478
  Kalambokas, A.  UBER DAS VERHALTEN AUTO-
    PLASTISCH TRANSPLANTIERTER SPONGIOSA IM
    TIERVERSUCH.  67p.  Wurzb.,  K.  Triltsch,
    1938.  (Inaug.-Diss.-WUrzburg).   154 refs
2488
  Lacroix,  P.  LE R&LE DU CAL CARTILAGINEUX
    DANS LA REPARATION DES FRACTURES.  Acta
    chir. belg.,  1953, 52: 877-883.  4 pi.
    6 refs.
2489
  Leriche,  R.   RECHERCHES EXPERIMENTALES SUR
    L'OSTEOGENESE.   Bull. Soc. nat.  chir.,
    Par.,  1934, 60:  1184-1191.
2479
  Kiehn, C. L., Cebul, F., Berg, M.,  Gutentag,
    J. and Glover, D. M.  A STUDY OF THE VAS-
    CULARIZATION OF EXPERIMENTAL BONE GRAFTS BY
    MEANS OF RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS AND THE
    TRANSPARENT CHAMBER.  Ann. Surg., 1952,
    136: 404-411.  Discussion: p. 41.  pi.  8
    refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect.
    9, 1953, 7: No. 2444.


2480
  Kind, H.  STUDIEN ZUR FRAGE DER OSTEOLYSE.
    HISTOLOGISCHE. UND CHEMISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN
    AN EXPERIMENTELLEN FRAKTUREN UND TRANS-
    PLANTATEN.  Beitr. path. Anat., 1951, 111:
    283-312.  38 refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta
    med., Sect. 5, 1952, 5: No. 670.

2481
  Kirby-Smith, H. T.  BONE GROWTH STUDIES.  A
    MINIATURE BONE FRACTURE OBSERVED MICROSCOPI-
    CALLY IN A TRANSPARENT CHAMBER INTRODUCED
    INTO THE RABBIT'S EAR.  Am. J. Anat., 1933,
    53: 377-402.  17 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    ABstr., Bait., 1934, 8; No. 16553.

2482
  Lacroix, P.  CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDE DES
    GREFFES DE MOELLE OSSEUSE.  Arch, biol.,
    Par., 1949, 60: 15-23.  20 refs.
2490
  Levander,  G.   BONE REPAIR CAPACITY OF THE
    PERIOSTEUM.  Acta chir. scand., 1940, 84:
    269.   An abstract.

2491
  Levander, G.  L'INDUCTION DANS LA REGENERA-
    TION TISSULAIRE.  Presse mSd., 1951, 59:
    295-297.  27 refs.  Abstracted in: Ex-
    cerpta med., Sect. 5, 1952, 5: No. 1354.
    Experiments are described in which bone
    tissue transplantation into soft parts
    was followed by new bone formation.  Simi-
    lar results were also obtained by inject-
    ing alcoholic bone extracts into muscle.
    The new bone was observed to arise from
    undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue upon
    stimulation by a specific inductive sub-
    stance released by the graft or the bone
    extract.  Certain solubility characteris-
    tics of the inductive substance indicated
    its possible relation to the lipoid or
    steroid groups.   The article contains a
    discussion of the work of other investi-
    gators .

2492
  Levander, G.   OM BENNYBILDNINGEN VID BENTRAN<5
    PLANTATION.  Forh. Nord.  kir.  fdren., 1933
    19.meet., 48-52.                          ' 
139
TISSUE TRANSPLANTS  (Continued)
2493
  Levander, G.  OM BENREGENERATION.  FORMULERING
    AV EN fragestAllning UR KAUSAL OSTEOGENETISK
    SYNPUNKT.  Nord. med., 1941, 9: 843-850.  11
    refs.  English summary.

2494
  Levander, G.  ON TISSUE  INDUCTION.  Acta path.
    microb. scand., 1949,  26: 113-141.  21 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol. ABstr., Bait., 1949,
    23: No. 21302; Excerpta med., Sect. 5, 1950,
    37 No. 1051.  Studies  in osteogenesis after
    b"one implantation indicated that new bone is
    formed from differentiation of mesenchymal
    tissue on implant site upon stimulation by a
    specific substance released from bone and
    marrow grafts.  Confirmation of such a sub-
    stance is seen in the  osteogenesis provoked
    by injection of alcoholic cell-free bone ex-
    tract.

2495
  Levander, G.  ON TISSUE  INDUCTION IN POST-
    FOETAL OSTEOGENESIS.   Exp. Cell Res., 1949,
    Suppl. 1, 558-559.  3  refs.  From experi-
    ments with bone implants in soft tissue it
    was concluded that bone regeneration does
    not result from proliferation of pre-exist-
    ing bone cells but from the formation of an
    undifferentiated mesenchymal blastema and a
    specific diffusible substance released by
    the necrotic transplant.  In other experi-
    ments, in which alcoholic extracts were
    prepared from bone tissue and injected into
    muscles, bone or cartilage formation fre-
    quently followed.

2496
  Levander, G.  A STUDY OF BONE REGENERATION.
    Surg. Gyn. Obst., 1938, 67: 705-714.  5
    refs.  From experiments with autogenous
    grafts and from others with injections of
    alcoholic extracts of  bone tissue; it was
    concluded that new bone is formed from the
    mesenchymal tissue upon stimulation of this
    tissue by some specific substance liberated
    from the graft or contained in the injection
    extract.  The article  is preceded by a re-
    view of current theories.

2497
  Levander, G.  TISSUE INDUCTION.  Nature, Lond.,
    1945, 155: 148-149.  8 refs.
2498
  Levander, G.  UBER DIE  KNOCHENREGENERATORISCHE
    FAHIGKEIT DES PERIOSTS.  Acta chir. scand.,
    1939-40, 83: 1-26.  pi.  17 refs.  English
    and FrencH-summaries.  Abstracted  in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1946,  20: No. 17629.  The
    power of the periosteum to regenerate bone
    was tested in experimental subcutaneous
    periosteal transplants in rabbits  of dif-
    ferent ages.  It was  concluded that new
    bone is formed only from the rich  mesen-
    chymal layer of the periosteum of  growing
    animals.  The article contains a discussion
    of the literature and denies the validity
    of the theory of Lexer and Axhausen.

2499
  Levikova, A. M.  NABLIUDENIE NAD EKSPERIMEN-
    TAL'NYM OSTEOGENEZOM  U KROLIKA.   [OBSERVA-
    TIONS ON EXPERIMENTAL OSTEOGENESIS IN THE
    RABBIT]  Doklady Akad. nauk SSSR,  1950, 71:
    149-152.  Data on experiments with trans-
    planted chips of tibia.  Proliferation oc-
    curred on the 3rd day, a thickening of the
    periosteum on the 5th and the first car-
    tilaginous elements were replaced  by os-
    seous tissue on 20th  day.  In all  cases the
    transplanted chips were resorbed.

2500
  Lima, C.   OSSIFICACAo PERIOSTICA EXPERIMENTAL.
    Med. contemp. lL^0f^r 1949, 67: 317.
2501
  Lorenzi, B.  OSTEOGENESI DA AUTOINNESTI DI
    MUCOSE VIVENTI.   Sperimentale, 1946, 98:
    170-186. 27 refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta
    med., Sect. 9, 1949, 3: No. 4083.


2502
  Lorenzi, B.  OSTEOGENESI SPERIMENTALE E
    DOTTRINE DELL'OSSIFICAZIONE.   Sperimentale,
    1948, 99: 17-30.   34 refs.


2503
  Lorenzi, B.  TENTATIVI DI OSTEOGENESI SPERI-
    MENTALE CON OMOINNESTI DI MUCOSE VIVENTI.
    Sperimentale, 1946, 98: 162-169.  6 refs.
2504
  McGaw, W. H.  STUDIES IN THE REPAIR OF BONE.
    Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol., N.  Y. ,  1934,  31:
    860-863.  Abstracted in:  Biol.  Abstr.,
    Bait., 1935, 9: No. 19714.


2505
  McGaw, W. H. and Harbin, M.   THE ROLE OF BONE
    MARROW AND ENDOSTEUM IN BONE REGENERATION:
    AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BONE MARROW AND
    ENDOSTEAL TRANSPLANTS.  J. Bone Surg.,  1934,
    16: 816-821.  16 refs.  "Experiments on 6
    dogs show that bone marrow and endosteum
    play a very active role in the formation of
    callus and new bone.  Free bone marrow and
    endosteal transplants will regenerate and
    bridge extra-periosteal fibular bone de-
    fects."

2506
  Matti, H.  UBER FREIE TRANSPLANTATION  VON
    KNOCHENSPONGIOSA.   Arch.  klin.  Chir.,  1931,
    168: 236-258.  15  refs. Abstracted  in:
    BTol. Abstr., Bait., 1934, 8:  No.  9602.


2507
  May, H.  THE REGENERATION OF BONE TRANSPLANTS.
    Ann. Surg., 1937,  106: 441-453.  31 refs.
    Experiments with entire radii of dogs were
    undertaken to investigate thoroughly the
    establishment of the blood supply of bone
    transplant and to determine the relation be-
    tween vascularization and regeneration.  It
    was concluded that the periosteum is the
    only reliable factor in regeneration when an
    entire bone with its medullary cavity closed,
    is transplanted.

2508
  Migicovsky, B. B. and Nielson, A. M.   BONE
    IMPLANTATION AS A  MEANS OF STUDYING  VITAMIN
    D ACTION.  Science, 1952,  115:  354-355.   5
    refs.  Abstracted  in:  Biol. Abstr.,  Bait.,
    1952. 26: No. 34201; Chem. Abstr.,  1952, 46:
    5679n.  "Previous  in vitro investigations
    indicate that vitamin D exerts its influence
    on the environment from which bone receives
    its mineral.  The  present  investigation
    tests the above observations  with in vivo
    studies using implanted tibiae on 2-week-old
    rachitic and non-rachitic  chicks.   This im-
    plantation technic couli  be advantageously
    employed in the study of  the  calcification
    mechanism." - Biol. Abstr.
2509
  Mosiman, R. S.  A STUDY OF BONE GROWTH.
    Forum, (1950) 1951, 424-427.
Surg
2510
  Nasonov,  N.  V.   FORMOOBRAZOVANIE PRI VLOZHENII
    POD KOZHU  VYCUSHENNOI REGENERATSIONNOI POCHKI
    U AKSOLOTLIA.   [FORMATIONS PRODUCED IN THE
    AXOLOTL BY THE SUBCUTANEOUS INSERTION OF A
    DESICCATED REGENERATION BUD]   Doklady Akad.
    nauk SSSR, 1934,  2:  325-328.   English trans-
    lation: p. 328-33T. 
TISSUE TRANSPLANTS (Continued)
140
2511
  Orell, S.  BONE REGENERATION AND TRANSFORMA-
    TION IN OSTEOSYNTHESIS OF VERTEBRAE.  J.
    internat. chir., Brux. , 1951, 1_1: 1-19.  14
    refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect.
    1, 1952, 6: No. 1311.  New bone formed by
    sub-periosteal tibial implant is used as a
    transplant in vertebral osteosynthesis.
    Histological processes, methods and results
    are described.

2512
  Orell, S.  PRINCIPLES AND EXPERIENCES AT THE
    IMPLANTATION OF OS PURUM, OS NOVUM AND BONE
    GRANULATE.  Acta orthop. belg., 1952, Jj$:
    162-174.  16 refs.  Abstracted in: Internat.
    Abstr.  Surg., 1953, 96: 288-289.  By im-
    plantation in vivo in man, the author has
    shown that normal formation of new bone oc-
    curs in the interstices between bone frag-
    ments and that regeneration and absorption
    of bone is probably a surface effect.
    Finely divided bone seems to be the best
    choice for grafting because of its small
    interstices.  Grafts firmly fixed under
    pressure facilitate new-bone formation.

2513
  Orell, S.  STUDIEN UBER KNOCHENIMPLANTATION
    UND KNOCHENNEUBILDUNG, IMPLANTATION VON
    "OS PURUM" SOWIE TRANSPLANTATION VON "OS
    NOVUM".  Acta chir. scand., 1934, 74:
    Suppl.  31. 274p.  pi.  171 refs.  A~com-
    prehensive study of bone regeneration
    through experimental and clinical implan-
    tation and transplantation.  The study is
    preceded by a review of the principal
    theories, 1735-1933.
2514
  Passarelli, L. and Prior, C.  CONTRIBUTO
    SPERIMENTALE ALLO STUDIO DELLA OSSIFICA-
    ZIONE ETEROTOPICA DELLA SURRENALI.  Riv.
    anat. pat., 1952, 5:  532-540.  1 ref.
    Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 5,
    1953, 6:  No. 1695.  In 5 dogs bone mar-
    row was transplanted to the adrenals.
    Formation of bone trabeculae was observed
    near the necrosing implant in 3 of the
    animals.
2515
  Pfeiffer,  C.  A.  DEVELOPMENT OF BONE FROM
    TRANSPLANTED MARROW IN MICE.   Anat. Rec,
    1948,  102:  225-243.  pi.   32  refs.  Ab-
    stracte"T"in: Excerpta med., Sect.  1, 1949,
    3:  No.  1198; Biol.  Abstr., Bait.,  1949,
    23: No.  18795.
2520
2516
Ray, R. D., Degge, J., Gloyd, P. and Mooney, G,
  BONE REGENERATION.  AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF
  BONE-GRAFTING MATERIALS.  J. Bone Surg.,
  1952, 34A: 638-647.  29 refs.  Abstracted
  in: Excerpta med., Sect. 9, 1953, 7: No.
  3279; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1953, 27: No.
  1107.
2517
Rbhlich  K   BILDUNG NEUER KNOCHENSUBSTANZ IN
  ABGETOTETEN KNOCHENTRANSPLANTATEN.   Zschr.
  mikr. anat. Forsch., 1941, 50:  132-145.  13
  refs.
2518
Rbhlich, K.  BLUTZELLENBILDUNG IN ABGETOTETEN
  KNOCHENTRANSPLANTATEN.  Zschr.  mikr. anat.
  Forsch., 1941, 49: 616-625.  1  ref.
2519
Rohlich  K  V.  UBER DIE TRANSPLANTATION
  PERIOST- UND MARKLOSER KNOCHENSTUCKE.
  Zschr. mikr. anat. Forsch., 1942, 51: 636-
  653.  12 refs.
   Rollo, S.  PERIOSTIO, MEMBRANE CONNETTIVALI  E
     SALI DI CALCIO IN RELAZIONE ALL'OSTEOGENESI.
     (RICERCHE  SPERIMENTALI).  Riv. biol.,  1930,
     12:  Fasc.  3-6, 27-36.   14 refs.   In  dogs
     experiments  to induce new bone formation by
     implantation of  periosteal tissue alone and
     in combination with other substances were  un-
     successful .

2521
   Rollo, S.  SULLA VOLUTA  IMPORTANZA  DEL CALCIO
     NELLA  PRODUZIONE ETEROTOPICA DI OSSO E DI
     MIDOLLO.   (RICERCHE SPERIMENTALI).  Riv.
     biol.,  1930, 12: Fasc.  3-6,  17-26.  3 refs.
     In dogs and  rabbits experiments  to induce
     osteogenesis by  injection of an aqueous sus-
     pension of calcium glycerophosphate  and by
     implantation of  spongy  bone  were  unsuccess-
     ful.

2522
  ♦Rutishauser, E. GREFFES  OSSEUSES.   J.
     internat.  chir., Brux., 1953,  13: 320-327.

2523
   Sandison, J. C. A METHOD FOR THE MICROSCOPIC
     STUDY  OF THE GROWTH OF  TRANSPLANTED  BONE IN
     THE TRANSPARENT  CHAMBER OF THE RABBIT'S EAR.
     Anat.  Rec,  1928, 40: 41-49.

2524
   Silberberg,  M.  and Silberberg, R.   EFFECTS OF
     ANTERIOR PITUITARY IMPLANTS AND EXTRACTS ON
     EPIPHYSES  AND JOINTS OF IMMATURE  FEMALE
     GUINEA PIGS.  Arch. Path., Chic,  1938,  26:
     1208-1225.   12 refs.  Abstracted  in:  BioTT
     Abstr., Bait., 1939, 13: No. 5646.   Data
     from this  study wouldTndicate that  "...the
     growth of  cartilage in  all possibility  is  a
     direct response  to the  stimulation exerted
     by a substance which is present in the  an-
     terior lobe  of the pituitary gland rather
     than a regenerative process caused by de-
     generative changes."

2525
   Slessor,  A.  and Wyburn,  G. M.  BONE  FORMATION.
     J. Anat.,  Lond.,  1947,  8_1: 393-394.  An ab-
    stract.  Following implantation of bone
    homografts in subcutaneous tissues of guinea
    pigs and into the flexor muscles  of  the  hind
    limbs of rabbits, there was no evidence  of
    bone formation in host  tissue in  either  case.
2526
   Steinman, C.   THE HEALING OF DRILL-HOLE DEFECTS
    IN THE LONG BONES OF ADULT RABBITS,  ESPECIAL-
    LY FOLLOWING THE USE OF EMBRYONIC  BONE  TRANS-
    PLANTS.  Anat. Rec,  1947, 99:  427-446.  2
    pi.  22 refs.  Abstracted inT Excerpta  med.,
    Sect. 1, 1949, 3: No.  240.

2527
 ♦Studitskii,  A.  N.   [COMPONENTS OF THE  BONE-
    FORMING PROCESS AND CORRELATING THEM WITH
    EXPERIMENTAL DATA]   Tr. Gistol  konf
    Moskva, (1934) 1935,  1 .Conf . , 178-181.'
2528                                      '

  Studitskii, A.  N.   EXPERIMENTAL'NYE ISSLEDO
    VANIIA  PO GISTOCENEZU  KOSTNOI  TKANI-  O
    ZNACHENII VZAIMODEISTVIIA KHRIASHCHEVOI
    TKANI I NADKOSTNITSY PO DANNYM  KUL'TUR NA
    ALLANTOISE.  [EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON HISTO-
    GENESIS OF  BONE TISSUE;  ROLE OF THE INTe£
    RELATIONSHIP  OF CARTILAGINOUS TISSUE AND OF
    PERIOSTIUM  ACCORDING TO DATA OF ALLONTOIS
    CULTURE]  Biol. J.  Moskva,  1933  i- 531-
    543.   2 pi.  25 refs.   German summary.
2529
Studitskii,  A.  N.   EXPERIMENTELLE UNTERSUCHUN
  GEN UBER DIE  HISTOGENESE DES KNOCHENGEWEBES
  II. UBER DIE  BEDEUTUNG DER WECHSELWIRKUNG DES
  KNORPELGEWEBES UND DES PERIOSTES NACH DEN
  ERGEBNISSEN DER KULTUREN IN DER ALLANTOIS
  Zschr. Zellforsch., 1934, 20:  636-657.  28
  refs . 
141
TISSUE TRANSPLANTS  (Continued)
2530

  Studitskii, A. N.  EXPERIMENTELLE UNTERSUCHUNGEN
    UBER DIE HISTOGENESE DES KNOCHENGEWEBES.  III.
    UBER DIE BEDINGUNGEN DER DIFFERENZIERUNG DES
    KNOCHENGEWEBES DES MENSCHLICHEN EMBRYOS IN DER
    ALLANTOIS.  Zschr. Zellforsch., 1934, 20: 658-
    676.  4 refs .                         —

2531

 *Stvdirf?iiA ^AoSL-^ EXPERIMENTAL'NYE ISSLEDO-
    VANIIA PO KOSTNOI TKANI.  IV.  0 ZNACHENII
    KOLLAGENOVYKH VOLOKON V PROTSESSE OSTEOGENEZA
    PO DANNYM KUL'TUR NA ALLANTOISE.  [EXPERI-
    MENTAL STUDY OF OSSEOUS TISSUE.  IV. THE
    COLLAGENOUS FIBERS IN OSTEOGENESIS SEEN IN
    ALLANTOIC CULTURES]  Arch. russ. anat.,
    1934  13; No. 1, 27-40.  pi.  German sum-
    mary: p. 188-198.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1936, 10: No. 4493.


2532
 ♦Studitskii, A. N.  [EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGA-
    TIONS ON THE HISTOGENESIS OF BONE TISSUE;
    COMBINED CULTURE OF SKELETOGENOUS TISSUE
    IN VITRO AND ON ALLANTOIS]  Arb. Inst. Exp.
    Morphogen., Moskva, 1934, 2: 83-101.


2533
 ♦ Studitskii, A. N.  EXPERIMENTAL' NYE ISSLE-
    DOVANIIA PO GISTOGENEZU KOSTNOI TKANI.  VI.
    0 MEKHANIZME FORMOOBRAZOVATEL'NYKH PROTSES-
    SOV V EMBRIONAL'NOM SKELETE.   [EXPERIMENTAL
    STUDIES ON HISTOGENESIS OF OSSEOUS TISSUES.
    VI. MECHANISM OF MORPHOGENESIS IN EMBRYONIC
    SKELETON]  Arch. russ. anat.,  1935,  14: No.
    2, 226-250.  German summary: p. 310-3T7.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1937,
    11: No. 2030.
2534
  Studitskii, A. N.  EXPERIMENTAL'NYE ISSLEDO-
    VANIIA PO HISTOGENEZU KOSTNOI TKANI; O ROSTE
    ZACHATKOV SKELETA KURKOROTKONOZHEK NA
    KHORIOALLANTOISE.  [EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON
    HISTOGENESIS OF THE OSSEOUS TISSUE ON THE
    GROWTH OF THE CHORIOALLANTOIC]  Izv. Akad.
    nauk SSSR, ser. biol., 1939, 457-468.  10
    refs.  French summary.
2535
  Studitskii, A. N.  GISTOMORFOGENETICHESKIE
    PROTSESSY V KOSTNOI TKANI PRI DIFFERENT-
    SIROVKE NA KHORIOALLANTOISE V USLOVIIAKH
    RASTIAZHENIIA.   [HISTOMORPHOLOGIC PROCESSES
    OF THE BONE TISSUE OSTEOGENESIS OBSERVED
    DURING DIFFERENTIATION ON THE CHORION AL-
    LANTOIS IN STRETCHING CONDITIONS]  C. rend.
    Acad. sc. URSS,  1948, 61: 403-405.  4 refs.
    Experiments demonstrating the importance of
    the distension factor in development of the
    structure of osseous tissue in the chick
    embryo.

2536
  Studitskii, A. N.  0 POTENTSIIAKH NADKOSTNITSY
    PERVICHNOGO I VTORICHNOGO OKOSTENENIIA PO
    DANNYM KUL'TUR NA ALLANTOISE.  [POTENCIES
    POSSESSED BY THE PERIOSTEUM OF PRIMARY AND
    SECONDARY OSSIFICATION ACCORDING TO THE DATA
    OBTAINED BY THE CULTIVATION OF PERIOSTEAL
    GRAFTS ON THE ALLANTOIS]  C. rend. Acad sc.
    URSS, 1934, 1: 74-79.  In Russian and English,
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1936, 10:
    No. 19673.

2537
  Studitskii, A.  O ZNACHENII KOLLAGENOVYKH
    VOLOKON  V PROTSESSE OSTEOGENEZA PO DANNYM
    KUL'TUR  NA ALLANTOISE.  [THE ROLE OF COL-
    LAGENIC  FIBRES IN THE PROCESS OF OSTEOGENE-
    SIS ACCORDING TO DATA OBTAINED FROM GRAFTS
    TRANSPLANTED ON TO THE ALLANTOIS]  C. rend.
    Acad, sc,  URSS,  1934, 3: 131-136.  2 refs.
    English  summary.   Abstracted in:  Biol.
    Abstt^,  Bait., 1936,  10: No. 1975.
2538
  Studitskii, A.N.  OB USLOVIIAKH DIFFERENT-
    SIROVKI KOSTNOI TKANI CHELOVECHESKOGO ZARO-
    DYSHA V KUL'TURAKH NA ALLANTOISE.  ON THE
    CONDITIONS OF THE DIFFERENTIATION OF THE
    OSSEOUS TISSUE OF A HUMAN EMBRYO IN GRAFTS
    ON THE ALLANTOIS.  C. rend. Acad. sc. URSS,
    1934, 1: 267-272.  In Russian and English.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1936,
    10: No. 19675.  Grafts of periosteum from
    xlfe frontal bone and the long bones and
    grafts of joints (the core of cartilage iso-
    lated from the perichondrium of the phalanx
    and wrapped in periosteum) were used in these
    experiments.   Results indicate that the chick
    allantois is  a most favorable medium for de-
    velopment of  human osseous tissue.   Chick
    cells were depressed.

2539
  Studitskii, A.  N   ROL' VZAIMODEISTVIIA
    KHRIASHCHEVOI TKANI I NADKOSTNITSY V ENDO-
    CHONDRAL 'NOM  PROTSESSE PODANNYM KUL'TUR NA
    ALLANTOISE.  THE INTERACTION OF CARTILAGINOUS
    TISSUE AND THE PERIOSTEUM AND ITS ROLE IN THE
    ENDOCHONDRAL  PROCESS ACCORDING TO DATA OB-
    TAINED FROM GRAFTS TRANSPLANTED TO THE ALLAN-
    TOIS.  C. rend. Acad, sc., URSS, 1934, 1:  199
    204.  In Russian and English.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1936, 10: No.  19674.

2540
  Studitskii, A.  N.  UBER DAS WACHSTUM  DES
    KNOCHENGEWEBES UND PERIOSTE IN VITRO UND
    AUF DER ALLANTOIS.   Arch,  exper. Zellforsch.,
    1932, 13: 390-406.   12 refs.

2541
 ♦Studitskii, A.  N.  UEBER DIE BEDINGUNGEN DER
    DIFFERENZIERUNG DES KNOCHENGEWEBES DES
    MENSCHLICHEN  EMBRYOS IN DER ALLANTOIS.
    Zschr. Zellforsch., 1933-1934, 20:  658-676.

2542
  Urist, M. R. and McLean, F.  C.  THE LOCAL
    PHYSIOLOGY OF BONE REPAIR.  WITH PARTICULAR
    REFERENCE TO THE PROCESS OF NEW BONE FORMA-
    TION BY INDUCTION.   Am. J. Surg., 1953, 85:
    444-449.  14  refs.                       —

2543
  Urist, M. R. and McLean, F.  C.  OSTEOGENETIC
    POTENCY AND NEW-BONE FORMATION BY INDUCTION
    IN TRANSPLANTS TO THE ANTERIOR CHAMBER OF
    THE EYE.  J.  Bone Surg., 1952, 34A: 443-
    476.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,  Bait.,
    1953, 27: No. 1109; Brit.  Abstr., Sect.
    AIII, T9~53, p. 628.  The osteogenetic ac-
    tivity of 250 samples of various kinds of
    musculoskeletal tissues transferred to the
    anterior chamber of the eye in rats was
    studied.  Findings  seemed to indicate that
    new-bone formation, instead of depending
    solely upon either  the mechanism of sur-
    vival and proliferation of the transplanted
    cells or upon that of induction of the
    cells of the  host,  may also occur through a
    combination of the two.  The literature is
    reviewed.
2544
  Urist, M. R. and McLean, F.  C.  OSTEOGENETIC
    POTENCY AND OSTEOGENETIC INDUCTOR SUBSTANCES
    OF PERIOSTEUM, BONE MARROW, BONE GRAFTS,
    FRACTURE CALLUS,  AND HYALINE CARTILAGE TRANS-
    FERRED TO THE ANTERIOR CHAMBER OF THE EYE.
    Tr. Conf. Metab.  Interrelat., 1951, 3.Conf.,
    55-89.  Conference  discussion: p. 80-89.  10
    refs .

2545
  Vainio, S.  OBSERVATIONS ON THE REGENERATION
    OF AN AUTOGENOUS TRANSPLANT OF THE BONE.  AN
    EXPERIMENTAL  INVESTIGATION.  Acta chir.
    scand., 1950, 100:  86-109.  31 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in:  Excerpta med., Sect   5,  1951,
    4: No. 1581;  Biol.  Abstr., Bait.,  1951, 25:
    No. 13980. 
TISSUE TRANSPLANTS (Continued)
142
2546
  Wilde, C. E.  STUDIES ON THE ORGANOGENESIS
    IN VITRO OF THE URODELE LIMB-BUD.  J.
    Morph., 1950, 86: 73-113.  5 pi.  49 refs.
    Studies to determine: 1) Variations in
    capacity of the limb-bud primordium for
    self-determination with its state of de-
    velopment at time of explantation; 2)
    Time sequence of differentiation of com-
    ponent structures of limb-bud; 3) Relation
    of size of tissue mass explanted to amount
    of differentiation expressed in explant.


2547
  Willis, R. A.  THE GROWTH OF EMBRYO BONES
    TRANSPLANTED WHOLE IN THE RAT'S BRAIN.
    Proc. R. Soc, Lond., Ser. B, 1936, 120:
    496-498.  pi.  2 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1937, 11: No. 14868.
2548
  Zanaboni, A. and Parola, P.  CONTRIBUTO ALL'OS-
    TEOGENESI SPERIMENTALE ETEROTOPICA MEDIANTE
    INNESTI DI LEMBI OMOPLASTICI DI ARTERIA
    ELASTICA.  Osp. maggiore, Milano, 1950, 38:
    107-112.  20 refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta
    med., Sect. 9, 1951, 5: No. 7632
See:
97	198	447	463	534
671	755	756	797	1082
1175	1190	1222	1366	1367
1550	1763	1808	1866	2065
2244	2294	2295	2566	2730
2793	2794			
TISSUE EXTRACTS
2549
Annersten, S.  EXPERIMENTELLE UNTERSUCHUNGEN
  UBER DIE OSTEOGENESE UND DIE BIOCHEMIE DES
  FRACTURCALLUS.   Acta chir. scand, 1940, 84:
  Suppl. 60.  181p.  Bibliography: p. 172-Tgl.
  Abstracted in:  Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1946,
  20: No. 17293;  Chem. Abstr., 1941, 35:
  *23866   Experiments on rabbits are "described
  in which osteogenesis was promoted in muscle
  by injection of alcohol bone extracts and
  other experiments in which the biochemical
  processes of ossification were studied in
  the fracture callus.  The work is in two
  parts.  Each part contains a review and dis-
  cussion of the pertinent literature.
2550
  Annersten, S.  UEBER DIE OSTEOGENESE BEI DER
    FRAKTURHEILUNG.  Chirurg.,  1941,  13:  76-82.
    31 refs.  On the theory that the  processes
    of osteogenesis in fracture healing can be
    explained through a study of the  mechanisms
    of bone regeneration, or of bone  formation
    in the soft tissues, the following experi-
    ment was conducted: In rabbits alcohol and
    bone extracts were injected into  muscles.
    Studies of the new bone or  cartilage forma-
    tion indicated that the injected  substances
    released a mechanism which promoted dif-
    ferentiation of non-specific cells.  The
    article is preceded by a review of the
    literature.
2551
  Axhausen, W.  ZUR KNOCHENNEUBILDUNG IM MUSKEL
    NACH INJEKTION ALK0H0LISCHER KNOCHENEXTRAKTE,
    Zbl. Chir., 1951, 76: 402-404.  17 refs. Ab-
    stracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 9, 1951,
    5: No. 6842.
2552
  Bertelsen, A.  EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS
     INTO POST-FOETAL OSTEOGENESIS.  Acta orthop.
     scand., 1944, 15: 139-181.  Approx. 120
     refs.  In this~urvey of the literature on
     causal genesis of post-foetal ossification,
     the osteoblast and osteocyte theories, the
     doctrine of metaplasy and the dualistic con-
     ception are discussed.  The author describes
     his own investigations, which confirm  the
     extraction experiments of Levander and
     Annersten.  He also notes his additional
     finding that marrow extracts are more  con-
     stantly active than extracts of other  bone
     components.

2553
 ♦Bucher, 0. and Weil, J. T.  L'INFLUENCE D'UN
    EXTRAIT OSSEUX (OSSOPAN) SUR LA CONSOLIDATION
    DE FRACTURES IN VITRO.  Experientia, Basel,
     1951, 7: 38-40.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
     Bait.,"1952, 26: No. 8850; Excerpta med.,
     Sect. 9, 19517"5: No. 7975.

2554
  Del Bello. N.  OSTEOGENESI SPERIMENTALE DA
     INIEZIONI SOTTOPERIOSTEE DI SOSTANZE 0R-
     GANICHE E DI SOLUZIONE FISIOLOGICA IN
    ANIMALI ADULTI.  Pat. sper., Tor., 1948,
     37: 305-326.  75 refs.  Abstracted in: Ex-
     cerpta med., Sect. 5, 1951, 4: No. 2329.

2555
  Del Bello,  N.   RICERCHE SPERIMENTALI  SUL
    COSIDETTO "CHONDRIUM NOVUM." Ann.  ital.
    chir.,  1948,  25:  111-123.  17 refs.

2556
  Fogliati, E.  STUDI SPERIMENTALI SULL'OSTEO-
     GENESI ETEROTOPICA.  CONTRIBUTO ALLO STUDIO
     DELL'OSTEOGENESI ETEROTOPICA.  OSTEOGENESI
     CONSECUTIVA AD INIEZIONE DI ESTRATTI ALC00L-
     ICI DI OSSA.  NOTA PRIMA.  Chir. org.
     movim., 1950, 34: 129-131.  Abstracted in:
     Excerpta med.,"Sect. 5, 1950, 3: No. 3705.

2557
  Hartley, J. and Tanz, S. S.  EXPERIMENTAL
    OSTEOGENESIS IN RABBIT MUSCLE.  A.M.A. Arch.
    Surg., 1951,  63:  845-851.  11 refs.
    "Although various extracts (50% alcohol,
     lipid, phospholipid, fatty acid) of bone
    and bone marrow of rabbits and calves pro-
    duced bone and/or cartilage at the site of
     injection into rabbit skeletal muscle, the
    reaction is probably nonspecific and may be
     the result of the irritating qualities of
     the material injected or its solvent."
2558
  Hartley, J.,  Tanz,  S. S. and Schneider, M
    OSTEOGENESIS PRODUCED BY A CHEMICAL EXTRACT
    OF BONE.   J.  Mount Sinai Hosp., N. Y , 1949,
    15: 383-387.   10 refs.  "Experiments are
    recorded which confirm previous reports that
    alcoholic extracts of the growing ends of
    post-fetal bone contain a chemical substance
    which, when injected into muscle, can  iniate
    new bone information.
2559
  Heinen,  J.  H.,  Jr., Dabbs,  G.  H.  and Mason,
    H. A.   THE EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF EC-
    TOPIC CARTILAGE AND BONE  IN THE MUSCLES OF
    RABBITS.   J.  Bone Surg.,  1949,  31A: 765-
    775.   20 refs.   Abstracted in:  C*Kem.  Abstr.,
    1953,  47:  2859h;  Excerpta med.,  Sect. 5,
    1950,  37 No.  2349.

2560
  Hellstadius,  A.   A  STUDY OF NEW BONE FORMATION
    PROVOKED BY SUBPERIOSTEAL INJECTIONS OF
    BLOOD PLASMA,  EXTRACT OF  BONE MARROW, ETC •
    AN INVESTIGATION BY EXPERIMENTS ON ANIMALS'
    Acta chir.  scand.,  1947,  95:  31-53.  pi.
    25 refs.   Abstracted in:  Excerpta med
    Sect. 5,  1949,  2: No.  990;  Biol. Abstr ,
    Bait., 1948,  22:  No. 8515. 
TISSUE EXTRACTS  (Continued)
143
 2561
   Hempel,  J.   ZUR FRAGE DER WIRKUNGSWEISE VON
    GEWEBSAUTOLYSATEN,  INSBESONDERE VON KALLUS-
    AUTOLYSAT.   MIT EINEM BEITRAG ZUR SPONTANEN
    ENTSTEHUNG VON KNOCHENZYSTEN.  Deut.  Zschr.
    Chir.,  1931,  231:  387-404.   40 refs.   Ab-
    stracted  in:  Biol.  Abstr.,  Bait.,  1933,  7:
    No.  1011.  In guinea pigs bone and callus
    autolysates  were injected into the articu-
    lar  membranes,  periosteum and connective
    tissue  of  the musculature and the results
    studied histologically.  Neither new  bone
    formation  nor metaplasia of connective
    tissue  into  osseous tissue  was observed,
    unless  preceded by trauma.

 2562
   Henschen, C.   ERZEUGUNG VON CHONDRIUM NOVUM
    DURCH WIEDERHOLTE  SUBPERICHONDRALE EIN-
    SPRITZUNGEN  VON KNORPELZELLENAUTOLYSAT ODER
    KNORPELZELLENAUFSCHWEMMUNGEN AN OHR-  ODER
    RIPPENKNORPEL.   Zbl. Chir., 1939,  66: 929-
    936.   16  refs.                     —

 2563
   Henschen, C.   ERZEUGUNG VON OS NOVUM DURCH
    WIEDERHOLTE  SUBPERIOSTALE EINSPRITZUNGEN
    EINER PERIOST-MARKZELLENAUFSCHWEMMUNG UNTER
    DAS  PERIOST  DER TIBIA,  DER  CRISTA ILEI ODER
    DES  STERNUMS.  Zbl. Chir.,  1939, 66:  514-
    523.   10  refs.                    —

 2564
   Hoffmeister, W.  BEEINFLUSSUNG SCHLECHT-
    HEILENDER  FRAKTUREN DURCH EIN EIWEISSFREIES
    EXTRACT AUS  KNOCHENKEIMGEWEBE.  Mttnch.
    med.  Wschr.,  1933,  80:  1055-1057.

 2565
   Lacroix,  P.  NOTE SUR LES PROPRIEtEs OSTfiO-
    GENES DES  EXTRAITS DE TISSUS SQUELETTIQUES.
    Arch,  anat.,  Strasb., 1952, 34: 249-252.
    11 refs.   Review of the literature, 1949-
    1950.

 2566
   Lacroix,  P.  RECENT  INVESTIGATIONS ON THE
    GROWTH OF  BONE. Nature, Lond., 1945, 156:
    576.   On  the basis of 2 experiments of car-
    tilage  transplantation in rabbits which  re-
    sulted  in  ossification and  one experiment
    in which ossification followed injection
    into  muscle  of  an  alcoholic extract from
    the  epiphyseal  cartilage of a newborn rab-
    bit,  it was  concluded that  an organizer
    exists  in  cartilage.

 2567
   Levander, G.   ON  THE CAUSATION OF NEW-BONE
    FORMATION.  Acta chir.  scand.,  1936,  78:
    217-219.  Discussion:  p. 218-219.
 2568
   Levander, G. and Willstaedt,  H.  ALCOHOL-
    SOLUBLE OSTEOGENIC SUBSTANCE FROM BONE MAR-
    ROW.   Nature, Lond., 1946,  157: 587.   4
    refs.
 2569
   Lindahl,  O. and Orell,  S.  EXPERIMENTS  WITH
    BONE EXTRACTS.   Acta chir.  scand.,  1951,
    101;  136-142.   10  refs.  Abstracted in:
    Excerpta med.,  Sect.  9,  1951,  5:  No.  7977.
 2570
   Miszurski, B.   FURTHER CONTRIBUTION  TO  THE
    INFLUENCE OF  EXTRACTS FROM  EMBRYOS OF DIF-
    FERENT AGE ON THE  GROWTH OF CARTILAGE AND
    OSSIFICATION  IN VITRO.   Arch.  exp.  Zell-
    forsch., 1939,  23:  80-83.   1 ref.   Ab-
    stracted in:   BioT.  Abstr.,  Bait.,  1940,
    14: No. 2715.
2571
  Miszurski, B.   RECHERCHES  SUR L'INFLUENCE DES
    EXTRAITS D'EMBRYONS DE DIFFfiRENTS  AGES SUR
    LA CROISSANCE ET LA DIFFERENCIATION DU
    CARTILAGE ET  DE L'OS EN  CULTURE.   Arch.
    anat. micr.,   Par.,  1939-40,  35:  223-241.
    pi.  9  refs.   Abstracted in:~Biol.  Abstr.,
    Bait.,  1941,  JU>: No.  17946.
2572
  Mondolfo, S.   INVESTIGACIONES EXPERIMENTALES
    SOBRE LA ACELERACION DEL CALLO OSEO EN LAS
    FRACTURAS.   Rev. ortop. traumat., B. Air.,
    1949, 19: 47-60.  Abstracted in: Excerpta
    med., "Sect.  9,  1951, 5: No. 2451.  "Experi-
    ments were carried out in 158 animals to
    hasten bone  callus formation by means of
    alcoholic extract of bone, antireticulocy-
    totoxic serum and total embryonic extract.
    Experiments  have failed to obtain an osteo-
    genic substance from bovine bones following
    Annersten's  technique.  Adult guinea pigs
    treated by injections of antireticular
    serum develop more callus than controls.
    Clinically sound union, however, is ob-
    tained in the same period of time.  Total
    embryonic extracts also develop a hyper-
    trophic callus  but union takes the same
    time as in controls." - Excerpta med.
2573
  Rendano, C.  SU DI UN PARTICOLARE PRINCIPIO
    OSTE0GENETICO CONTENUTO NELLE OSSA NORMALI.
    Ann. ital. chir., 1942, 21:  249-271.   16
    refs.  In rabbits studies were made of the
    experimental induction of bone in soft tis-
    sue by injection of alcoholic extracts.   The
    results were essentially negative.
2574
  Roth, H.  EXTRAKTVERSUCHE MIT KONSERVIERTEM
    KNOCHENGEWEBE.  Schweiz. med. Wschr.,  1950,
    80: 1051-1053.  5 refs.  Abstracted in:
    BTol. Abstr., Bait.,  1951,  25:  No.  17443;
    Excerpta med.,  Sect.  1, 195T7 5:  No.  978.
2575
  Schreiber, B.  ULTERIORI OSSERVAZIONI SULLA
    INDUZIONE OSSEA NEGLI ANFIBI PER MEZZO DI
    ESTRATTI ALCOLICI DI OSSO.   Boll. Soc.
    ital. biol.  sper., 1950, 26:  526-528.   8
    refs.
2576
  Shkurov, B. I.   GISTOLOGICHNI  DANI  PRO VPLYV
    PRODUKTIV ROZPADU TKANYN I  ORGANIV NA  RE-
    GENERATSIIU  KISTKOVOI TKANYNY V UMOVAKH
    EKSPERYMENTU.   [HISTOLOGICAL DATA ON THE EF-
    FECT OF THE  PRODUCTS OF DEGENERATION OF TIS-
    SUES AND ORGANS UPON THE REGENERATION OF
    BONE TISSUE  IN EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS]
    Eksp. med.,  Kharkov,  1940,  No.  1, 76-87.
    French summary.
2577
  Wachsmuth, G.  EXPERIMENTELLER BEITRAG ZUM
    KAUSALEN PROBLEM DER OSTEOGENESE.  Arch.
    klin. Chir.,  1950, 265: 58-68.   Abstracted
    in: Excerpta med., Sect. 1,  1951, 5:  No.  60.
2578
  Willestaedt, H. and Levander,  G.   STUDIES IN
    OSTEOGENESIS.  Acta orthop.  scand., 1950,
    19: 419-432.   6 refs.  English, French and
    German summaries.  Abstracted in: Chem.
    Abstr., 1951, 45: 57946.  The osteogenic
    activity of  an  alcohol extract of bone was
    not removed  by  benzene or petroleum either
    but was precipitated by acetone.   The pre-
    cipitate was soluble in water and insoluble
    in oil." - Chem. Abstr.
See:
710	712	821	2453	2483
2491	2494	2495	2496	2524
TRACE ELEMENTS (ADVENTITIOUS AND NORMALLY
  OCCURRING)

2579
  Alexander, G. V.,  Nusbaum, R. E.  and MacDonald,
    N  S   THE BORON AND LITHIUM CONTENT OF HUMAN
    BONES.  J. Biol. Chem., 1951, 192: 489-496.
    21 refs.  Abstracted in: Nuclear Sc. Abstr,,
    1951, 5: No. 6580; Chem. Abstr., 1952, 46:
    2158a." Spectrographic  investigations were
    made on 116 ashed samples  of bone from 33
    individuals to determine the amounts of
    boron and  lithium normally to be found in  the
    human skeleton.  Results are discussed and
    presented  in tables. 
144
 TRS™Sfl(ADVENTITI0US AND NORMALLY
   >aa,ukkinG)  (Continued)

 2580

   ASrTnfArfCT  V Hamilto°. J- G., Axelrod-Heller
     MR   km!/,^ f •   THE LOCALIZATION OF
     S™ «IN ALKALINE AND RARE EARTH ELEMENTS IN
     THE COSTOCHONDRAL JUNCTION OF THE RAT   Anat
     Rec, 1952, 113: 285-300.  12 refs.  Ab-
     No^iogs in'rSI°l- Abstr-> Bait., 1953,  27:

 2581
   "^n01?7'  £;JSa'  Pe^ock, W. C. and Karnofsky,
     D.  A.  DISTRIBUTION  AND EXCRETION OF RADI<>
     ACTIVE  THALLIUM IN THE CHICK EMBRYO, RAT
     AND MAN.   J. Pharm.  Exp. Ther.,  1953,  107:
     178-187.   21 refs.  Abstracted  in:  Ber---
     ges.  Physiol.,  1953, 161: 122.   The femur,
     humerus,  skull, sternum, rib and inter-
     vertebral disc  were  included among the
     various tissues studied.

 2582
   Braude, R., Free, A. A., Page, J.  E. and
     Smith,  E. L.  THE DISTRIBUTION  OF RADIO-
     ACTIVE  COBALT IN PIGS.  Brit. J. Nutrit  ,
     1949, 3:  289-292.  17 refs.   Abstracted
     in:  Biol. Abstr.,  Bait., 1951,  25:  No. 555.
     "The  values for pancreas, liver"~and bile
     were  lower,  those  for cartilage  and long
     bone  higher."
 2583
   Comar,  C. L.,  Singer,  L. and Davis, G. K.
     MOLYBDENUM METABOLISM AND INTERRELATIONSHIPS
     WITH  COPPER AND PHOSPHORUS.   J.  Biol.  Chem.,
     1949, 180:  913-922.   14 refs.  Abstracted in
     Biol. ABstr.,  Bait., 1950, 24:  No. 3488.
 2584
   Copp, D.  H.  IMPLICATIONS OF ATOMIC ENERGY IN
     MEDICINE  AND DENTISTRY.  III. APPLICATION IN
     THE STUDY OF BONES AND TEETH.  Oral Surg ,
     1950, 3:  613-621.  47 refs.   Abstracted  in:
     Nuclear Sc.  Abstr.,  1950, 4:  No. 4200.  "Af-
     ter a brief  review of the properties of  bone
     tissue, a description is presented of  work
     utilizing P32,  Ca45, Sr85,89,90j C14 ln  the
     study of  mineral exchange, general bone  me-
     tabolism,  parathyroid effects on bone,
     rickets,  severe P  deficiency, and specific
     uptake by osteogenic tissue.  This is  fol-
     lowed by  a  brief discussion  of  the deposi-
     tion  of plutonium  and fission products in
     bone  and  their  elimination..." - Nuclear
     Sc. Abstr.
 2585
  Goldenberg, H. and Sobel,  A. E.  CALCIFICA-
    TION.  IX. INFLUENCE OF ALKALINE EARTHS  ON
    SURVIVAL OF THE  CALCIFYING MECHANISM.  Proc
    Soc.  Exp. Biol., N.  Y.,  1952, 81:  695-698.
    16 refs.  Abstracted in:  Biol .Tbstr ., Bait.,
    1953. 27: No. 19690;  Chem. Abstr.,  1953, 47:
    4502*.  the  influence  of  Ca,  Sr,  Mg, Ba, Be,
    Mn, Co and Ni were studied.
 2586
  Hamilton,  J. G.   THE METABOLISM OF THE FISSION
    PRODUCTS AND THE HEAVIEST ELEMENTS.  Radi-
    ology, 1947, 49: 325-343.  10 refs.  Ab-
    stracted  in: Excerpta med., Sect. 2, 1949,
    2: No. 3508; Chem. Abstr., 1948, 42: 232S.
 2587""
  Hevesy, G.  [C. ]   APPLICATION OF RADIOACTIVE
    INDICATORS IN BIOLOGY.   Annual Rev.  Bio-
    chem., 1940, 9:  641-662.   95  refs.   See
    particulary, Skeleton:  p.  645-646.
2588
  Jolibois,  P. and  Hubert,  C.  SUR LA COMPOSI-
    TION  CHIMIQUE DES PHOSPHATES DE  CALCIUM
    NATURELS.  C. rend.  Acad.  sc., 1946, 222:
    569-572.  Abstracted  in: Chem. Abstr., 1946,
    40: 36976.
 2589
  Katz,  J. and Kornberg,  H. A.  ABSORPTION AND
    DEPOSITION IN THE SKELETON AND SOFT TISSUES
    OF THE RAT OF PLUTONIUM FED CHRONICALLY AS
    SOLUTIONS OF VERY LOW MASS CONCENTRATION.
    Hanford  Atomic Products Operation, Biology
    Research.   Annual Report,  1952.   Richland,
    Wash., 1953, p.   78-84.  4 refs.
2590
Katz,  J.,  Kornberg,  H.  A.  and Parker,  H.  M.
  ABSORPTION OF PLUTONIUM  FED CHRONICALLY TO
  RATS.  I.  FRACTION DEPOSITED IN SKELETON^AHU
  SOFT TISSUES FOLLOWING ORAL ADMINISTRATION
  OF SOLUTIONS OF VERY LOW MASS CONCENTRATION.
  20p.  Hanford Atomic Products Operation,
  Richland,  Wash., 1953.  (HW-28991)  7 refs.
2591
  Kidman, B.,  Tutt, M.  L. and Vaughan,
    EXCRETION OF YTTRIUM-91 IN RABBITS
    Lond., 1951, 167:  858.  Abstracted
    Abstr., Balt.7~T951,  25: No.  36043
J. M.
  Nature,
in: Biol.
  Sr89
    Abstr.. Bait., 1951, 2a: ho. w«.  *»*--
    and Y91 in radioactive equilibrium were  in-
    jected into weanling and adult rabbits,  and
    the decay curves of their excreta were ana-
    lyzed.  The weanlings retained 0.63% of  the
    dose of Y9! per g. of bone, adults 0.33%;
    weanlings excreted 12% in urine, adults  24%.
    (No age difference had been reported for
    rats.)  Differences in excretion were not
    correlated with dietary differences."- Biol.
    Abstr.

 2592
   Koch, W.  DER NACHWEIS VON THORIUM X IN DER
    WACHSTUMSFUGE UND SEIN EINFLUSS AUF DAS
    LANGENWACHSTUM BEIM JUGENDLICHEN KANINCHEN.
    Zschr. Orthop., 1951, 80: 532-546.  13 refs.

 2593
   Koch, W.  DIE VERTEILUNG VON PETEOSTHOR UND
    SEINER HAUPTBESTANDTEILE THORIUM X UND
    PLATIN IM HERANWACHSENDEN ORGANISMUS UND
    DER EINFLUSS VON THORIUM X AUF DAS FUGEN-
    WACHSTUM BEIM JUGENDLICHEN KANINCHEN.
    Strahlentherapie, 1951, 85: 253-289.  15
    refs.  Abstracted in: NucTear Sc. Abstr.,
    1952, 6: No. 63.

 2594
   Lindemann, R.  EMISSIONSSPEKTROGRAPHISCHE
    ALUMINIUM BESTIMMUNG IN ASCHEN BIOLOGISCHER
    MATERIALIEN.  Zschr. Physik., 1935, 95:  6-
    29.  23 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. ABstr.,
    1935, 29: 69163.  The aluminum contents  of
    various organs including bones of the dog
    are given in tabular form.

 2595
   Lux, H.  DIE HAUFIGKEIT DER SELTENEN ERDEN
    IN TIERKNOCHEN.  Zschr. anorg. Chem., 1938,
    240: 21-30.  11 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1938-39, 8: No.
    4834; Chem. Abstr., 1939, 33: 215847  "X-ray
    spectrophotographs ... showed" the presence of
    Sc, V, La, Ce, Nd, Gd and Dy, the average
    concentration being 4  per kg. bone ash.
    This is approximately one-thousandth of  their
    concentration in the earth's crust and the
    evidence is considered to prove that they do
    not occur in the lattice structure of the
    hydroxy-apatite of the bone." - Nutrit.
    Abstr.
2596
  MacClure,  F.  J.   MINERAL METABOLISM (FLUORINE
    AND OTHER TRACE ELEMENTS).   Annual Rev.  Bio-
    chem.,  1949,  18:  335-354.   197 refs.   A re-
    view of the literature appearing in the past
    five years on fluorine,  boron,  cobalt, man-
    ganese and zinc.   A considerable portion of
    the section on manganese deals with bone.
2597
  MacDonald,  N.  S.   FIXATION OF  METAL IONS RY
    BONE TISSUE.   Fed.  Proc., Bait    19V*  19.
    346.   An abstract.             "      ' — ■

2598
  MacDonald,  N.  S.,  Nusbaum,  R.  f    »ia^«„j
    0. V.,  Ezmirlian,  F. ,  Spain,  P   mS  SS2S5i
    D. E.   THE SKELETAL DEPOSITION  OF YTTRTrru '
    J. Biol.  Chem.,  1952,  195: 837-841
    refs.   Abstrac-
    1952,  26:  No.
    1952,  "o? No.  5971.   "It  is concluded  that
    yttrium is not  a "boneseeker" of  the  same
    degree as stontium and  lead."
tw., 11734, i»o: 837-841   8
acted in: Biol. Abstr  ' Bait

'•5Hl45^TtCHlear SC" Abstr!,"
 b»7i.    It is concluded +h=+ 
145
TRACE ELEMENTS  (ADVENTITIOUS AND NORMALLY
  OCCURRING)  (Continued)

2599
  Nishimura,  H.   ZINC  DEFICIENCY IN SUCKLING
    MICE DEPRIVED OF COLOSTRUM.   J. Nutrit.,
    1953,  49:  79-97.  2 pi.   25  refs.   Ab-
    stracted"  in:  Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1953,
    27: No. 21628.

2600
  Nusbaum, R.  E.,  MacDonald, N.  S., Alexander,
    G. V., Ezmirlian,  F.  and Spain, P.   THE
    BORON  AND LITHIUM  CONTENT OF HUMAN  BONES.
    14p.   University of California Atomic  Energy
    Project,  Los  Angeles,  Calif.,  1951.   (UCLA-
    129)   23  refs.   Abstracted in:  Nuclear Sc.
    Abstr., 1951,  5: No.  3837.

2601
  Rayner,  B.,  Tutt,  M. and Vaughan, J.   THE DEPO-
    SITION OF 91Y IN RABBIT BONES.   Brit.  J.  Exp.
    Path., 1953,  34: 138-145.  12  refs.  Ab-
    stracted  in:  C*Hem. Abstr., 1953, 47:  10649b.
    After  a single intravenous injection of 9ly
    in young  rabbits,  chemical and autoradio-
    graphic studies  were made of the bones.
    Deposition of the  element was  extremely rapid
    and concentrated in the site of active growth
    beneath  the epiphysis and  in patches in the
    shaft  "presumably  in association with  the con-
    nective  tissue around the blood vessels."
    New bone  formed  long after the original in-
    jection also  contained traces  of the radio-
    yttrium,  believed  to have been reabsorbed
    from  the  blood in  the normal processes of
    resorption.

2602
  Rutishauser,  E.  UBER DIE VERTEILUNG  DER
    SCHWERMETALLE IN SKELETT.  BETRACHTUNGEN
    UBER DAS  STARKERE  BEFALLENSEIN GEWISSER
    KNOCHEN UND KNOCHENTEILE BEI GENERALISIERTEN
    KNOCHENLEIDEN.   (DISKUSSIONSBEMERKUNG.)
    Schweiz.  Mschr.  Zahnh., 1935,  45:  93-95.   2
    refs.

2603
  Rygh, O.  IMPORTANCE OF TRACE  ELEMENTS IN NU-
    TRITION.   Research, Lond., 1949, 2:  340-341.
    2 refs.   Strontium and vanadium increase
    bone calcification while  barium, zinc  and
    thallium  break down osseous  tissue.

2604
  Rygh, O.  RECHERCHES SUR LES OLIGO-ElEMENTS.
    I. DE  L'IMPORTANCE DU STRONTIUM, DU BARYUM
    ET DU  ZINC.   Bull. Soc. chim.  biol., Par.,
    1949,  31:  1052-1061.   10 refs.   Abstracted
    in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,  1949-50, 19:
    No. 5193;  Chem.  Abstr., 1950,  44: 3105a.

2605
  Rygh, O.  RECHERCHES SUR LES OLIGO-ElEmENTS.
    IT. DE L'IMPORTANCE DU THALLIUM ET DU
    VANADIUM, DU  SILICIUM ET DU  FLUOR.   Bull.
    Soc. chim.  biol.,  Par., 1949,  31: 1403-
    1407.  5  refs.   Abstracted in:  Nutrit.
    Abstr., Aberdeen,  1950-51, 20:  No.  719;
    Excerpta med., Sect.  2, 195T7  4: No. 1248.
2606
  Rygh, O.  RECHERCHES SUR LES OLIGO-ELEMENTS.
    III. SUR L'IMPORTANCE  DU STRONTIUM,  DU
    VANADIUM, DU BARYUM, DU THALLIUM ET  DU
    ZINC DANS LE SC0RBUT.  Bull. Soc. chim.
    biol., Par.,  1949,  31: 1408-1412.  13  refs.
2607
  Schubert, J., Finkel, M. P., White, M. R. and
    Hirsch, G. M.  PLUTONIUM AND YTTRIUM CONTENT
    OF THE BLOOD, LIVER, AND SKELETON OF THE  RAT
    AT DIFFERENT TIMES AFTER INTRAVENOUS ADMINI-
    STRATION.  J. Biol. Chem., 1950, 182:  635-
    642.    23 refs.

2608
  Scott,  K. G., Axelrod, D. J. and  Hamilton,
    J  G.   THE METABOLISM  OF CURIUM IN THE RAT.
    J.  Biol.  Chem.,  1949,  177: 325-335.  2 pi.
    4  refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,  Bait.,
    1949,  23:  No. 14386.
2609
  Scott,  K. G., Axelrod,  D. J., Fisher, H.,
    Crowley, J. F. and Hamilton, J. G.  THE
    METABOLISM OF PLUTONIUM IN RATS FOLLOWING
    INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION.  J. Biol. Chem.,
    1948, 176: 283-293.  2 pi.  3 refs.
    "Plutonium was not found to be absorbed
    from the gastrointestinal tract to any ex-
    tent.  The skeleton was the main organ of
    deposition of plutonium, and the degree  of
    retention in this organ was very great.
    No significant differences were observed
    in the metabolic properties of plutonium
    absorbed by the body for its three valence
    states.  Radioautographs demonstrate the
    deposition of plutonium in the region of
    the endosteum, periosteum, and the endosteal
    covering of the trabecular bone."
2610
  Scott,  K.  G.,  Copp,  D.  H.,  Axelrod,  D.  J.  and
    Hamilton,  J. G.   THE  METABOLISM OF AMERICIUM
    IN THE RAT.   J.  Biol. Chem.,  1948,  175:  691-
    703.   2 pi.   7 refs.   Abstracted inTTJiol.
    Abstr.,  Bait., 1949,  23:  No.  6341;  Chem.
    Abstr.,  1949, 43:  744*"7
2611
  Sheldon,  J. H.  and Ramage,  H.   A SPECTRO-
    GRAPHS ANALYSIS OF HUMAN TISSUES.   Biochem.
    J., Lond., 1931, 25:  1608-1627.  20 refs.
    Tissues both healTKy and  diseased were ex-
    amined  to determine if chemical elements
    other than those recognized  as universal
    constituents of protoplasm were present.
    For cartilage,  copper was found in traces
    in all  specimens except from a full-term
    foetus; manganese was found  in a specimen
    from a  two-year-old female infant only;
    rubidium occurred in all; while a trace of
    lead was present in one and  merest traces
    in four specimens.   For parietal bone,
    copper  was detected in specimens from both
    infant  and foetus,  but manganese and rubi-
    dium were absent.  Bone from the infant
    contained a trace of lead.
2612
 ♦Timm,  F.   BARIUM IN ANIMAL BONES.   Deut.
    Zschr.  gerichtl.  Med.,  1932,  19:  279.
    Abstracted in:  Nutrit.  Abstr., Aberdeen,
    1933-34, 3:  No. 533;  Chem.  Abstr.,  1932,
    26:  6000."
2613
  White, M. R. and Schubert,  J.   THE ACTION OF
    SALTS OF ZIRCONIUM AND OTHER METALS ON PLU-
    TONIUM AND YTTRIUM DISTRIBUTION AND EXCRE-
    TION.  J. Pharm. Exp. Ther., 1952,  104: 317-
    324.  14 refs.
See:
426	427	727	1245	2058
2248	2402	2616	2675	2697
2707	2710			
TRACE ELEMENTS - COPPER

  see also TRACE ELEMENTS

2614
  Baxter, J. H. and Van Wyk, J. J.  A BONE DIS-
    ORDER ASSOCIATED WITH COPPER DEFICIENCY.  I.
    GROSS MORPHOLOGICAL, ROENTGENOLOGICAL, AND
    CHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS.  Bull. Johns Hopkins
    Hosp., 1953, 93: 1-24.  5 pi.  22 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: BTol. Abstr., Bait., 1954, 28:
    No. 3006; Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1954, 24:
    No. 852; Chem. Abstr.,  1954, 48: 4656C; Ex-
    cerpta med., Sect. 2, 1954,  7T""No. 2051. 
143
TRACE ELEMENTS - COPPER  (Continued)
2615
  Baxter, J. H., Van Wyk, J. J. and Follis,
    R. H., Jr.  A BONE DISORDER ASSOCIATED WITH
    COPPER DEFICIENCY.  II. HISTOLOGICAL AND
    CHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE BONES.  Bull. Johns
    Hopkins Hosp., 1953, 93: 25-40.   4 pi.  11
    refs.  Abstracted in:~~Excerpta med., Sect.
    2, 1954, 7: No. 2052.  "It was concluded
    that the b"one disorder consisted  of a dif-
    fuse osteoporosis, with no primary dis-
    turbance in the calcification mechanism."

2616
  Davis,  G. K.  THE INFLUENCE OF COPPER ON THE
    METABOLISM OF PHOSPHORUS AND MOLYBDENUM.
    IN: COPPER METABOLISM: A SYMPOSIUM ON ANI-
    HAL,  PLANT AND SOIL RELATIONSHIPS.  (McElroy,
    W. D. and Glass, B.)  Bait., Johns Hopkins
    Press, 1950, p. 216-229.  6 refs.
2617
  Donner, L. and Daum, S.  O METABOLISMU MEDI.
    SDfiLENf III: uklAdAni" a vymesovAni' mEdi U
    POKUSNYCH ZVfRAT.  [COPPER METABOLISM.
    III.  STORAGE AND EXCRETION OF CU  IN EXPERI-
    MENTAL ANIMALS 1  Gastroenter. bohema.,
    1950, 4: 243-252.  12 refs.  English sum-
    mary.  "After administration the  Cu content
    rose chiefly in liver (average 494%), to
    a  less extent in other tissues (blood 123%,
    skin 105%, spleen 55%, bones 54%, lungs and
    heart 51%, kidney 10%).  Cu feeding in-
    fluenced the distribution of Fe in the rat
    organism.  The Fe content was diminished
    in liver (by about 53%), but it was greatly
    increased in blood (1038%) and in spleen
    (201%).  Cu seemed to mobilize Fe from its
    depots to blood." - Excerpta med.

2618
  Tompsett, S. L.  THE COPPER AND "INORGANIC"
    IRON CONTENTS OF HUMAN TISSUES.   Biochem.
    J., Lond., 1935, 29: 480-486.  17 refs.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1935, 29:
    51699; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1936, 1*3*7 No.
    7931.  "Vertebra contains a very  low concen-
    tration of copper which is fairly constant
    throughout the series.  Rib on the other
    hand appears to contain very varied amounts
    of copper....  It appears possible that the
    bones may act as stores for copper as well
    as the liver....  Vertebra and rib contain
    fairly high concentrations of iron, and,
    in contrast to copper, the concentrations
    are almost identical  in the two types of
    bone.  Data are summarized in tables.
2622
See:

  2581
2583
2611
TRACE ELEMENTS - FLUORINE
2619
  Candeli, A. and Scassellati Sforzolini, G.
    RICERCHE SULLA FISSAZIONE DEL FLUORO DA
    PARTE DEI TESSUTI SCHELETRICI.  Boll. Soc.
    ital. biol. sper., 1953, 29: 1458-1460.  7
    refs.
2620
Comar, C. L., Visek, W. J., Lotz, W. E. and
  Rust  J  H   EFFECT OF FLUORINE ON CALCIUM
  METABOLISM AND BONE GROWTH IN PIGS.  Am. J.
  Anat., 1953, 92: 361-389.  pi.  15 refs.
  Abstracted inT"Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,
  1953, 23: No. 4697.
22
Megirian, D.   THE DEPOSITION OF FLUORIDE IN
  GLYCOL-ASHED BONE.   49p.   University of
  Rochester Atomic Energy Project, Rochester,
  N. Y.. 1951   <'TTR_ifi»'»  ss refs.'  Abstracted
..wVUVE3 *.%.* nbuiuii; IiUCigJT  x-avj-w— -,
N. Y., 1951.  (UR-168)  55 refs.  Abstract*
in: Nuclear Sc.  Abstr.,  1951, 5: No. 4350.
2623
  Neuman, W. F., Neuman, M  W., Main, E. R.,
    0'Leary, J. and Smith, F. A.  THE SURFACE
    CHEMISTRY OF BONE.  II. FLUORIDE DEPOSITION.
    J. Biol. Chem., 1950, 187: 655-661.  18
    refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1951,
    45: 5755b.  "The mechanism of fluoride depo-
    sition in bone was  investigated by means of
    isotopic exchange,  ion competition, and
    column techniques.  It was demonstrated
    that fluoride replaces either hydroxyl or
    bicarbonate ions in the surfaces of the
    mineral phase."

2624
  Paff, G. H. and Boyd, M. J.  EFFECTS OF
    FLUORIDE ON DEVELOPING BONES IN TISSUE CUL-
    TURE.  Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1952,
    79: 518-520.  6 refs.  Abstracted in:  Biol.
    ABstr., Bait., 1952, 26: No. 25194; Excerpta
    med., Sect. 1, 1953, 7: No. 1007.  "The ex-
    periment concerned  calcification of carti-
    lage not of bone.   It is concluded that NaF,
    at concentrations which do not disturb
    growth, can seriously interfere with the
    mineralization process.  ...  The authors
    suggest that NaF acted both by interfering
    with the production of phospho-pyruvate,
    and by the binding  of calcium by fluoride."
    - Excerpta med.

2625
  Smith, F. A., Gardner, D. E. and Hodge,  H. C.
    AGE INCREASE IN FLUORIDE CONTENT IN HUMAN
    BONE.  Fed. Proc,  Bait., 1953, 12: No.
    1212.  Samples of vertebrae and rib were
    analyzed from 85 male and 73 female patients
    ranging in age from fetuses to over 90 years.
    Findings show a linear increase in fluoride
    concentration in the ash with age.  The con-
    centration is slightly higher in the verte-
    brae than in the ribs.

2626
  Tompsett, S. L.  BONE AND TOXIC MINERALS.  Brit.
    J. Nutrit., 1952, 6: 423-426.  10 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Chem.  Abstr., 1953, 47: 55151.
    This is a general article discussing the
    deposition of certain toxic elements in the
    skeleton in preference to the soft tissues.
    Fluorine and radioactive metals are briefly
    mentioned, while more attention is given  to
    the absorption and  distribution of lead in
    the animal body.  Tables showing the measura-
    ble quantities of lead found in "normal"  hu-
    man tissue and tissue of persons with a his-
    tory of abnormal exposure to lead are pre-
    sented.  Data for the rib, vertebra, femur
    and tibia are included.

2627

  VoiSfriT,"J*  F-' s°gnnaes, R. F. and Bibby, B. G.
    STUDIES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF RADIOACTIVE
    FLUORIDE IN THE BONES AND TEETH OF EXPERI-
    MENTAL ANIMALS .  Am. J. Physiol., 1941. 132-
    707-712.  8 refs.                      ' ±£f'

See:

  2399      2596      2605      2900

TRACE ELEMENTS - GALLIUM
2621
  Goldenberg, H. and Sobel, A. E.  CALCIFICA-
    TION   V  INFLUENCE OF FLUORIDE AND CYANIDE
    IONS*IN THE PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF MAGNE-
    SIUM.  Proc Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1951,
    78- 719-723.  16 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    ABstr., Bait., 1952, 26: No. 14623; Excerpta
    ■ed., Sect. 2, 1953, f? No. 1458.
2628
Dudley, H. C. and Friedman, L.  INFLUENCF of
  VITAMIN D ON DEPOSITION OF GALLIUM IN BOOT
  OF THE RAT.  Science, 1952, 115: 146-147
  6 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem7~Abstr   iq";o
  46: 4625h.                         "   °*' 
147
TRACE ELEMENTS - GALLIUM  (Continued)
2629
  Dudley, H. C. and Maddox, G. E.  DEPOSITION
    OF RADIO GALLIUM  (GA72) in SKELETAL TIS-
    SUES.  J. Pharm.  Exp. Ther.,  1949, 96:  224-
    227.  5 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem."Abstr.,
    1949, 43: 75801.  "Radioautographs of bones
    of rabBTts treated with radiogallium  (Ga72)
    strengthen the hypothesis that Ga is  a  use-
    ful tool for  the  study of bone metabolism.
    Ga is deposited throughout the osteoid  tis-
    sues of the rabbit and dog.   It  is es-
    pecially concentrated at the  areas of
    greatest osteogenic  activity  in  the young
    animal, i.e., the epiphyseal  line."

2630
  Dudley. H. C. and Marrer, H. H.  METABOLISM
    OF GALLIUM: DEPOSITION  IN AND CLEARANCE
    FROM BONE.  J. Pharm. Exp. Ther.,  1952, 106:
    129-134.  17  refs.   Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait.,  1953,  27: No.  8921; Brit.
    Abstr., Sect. AIII,  19*53,  p.  502.

2631
  Dudley, H. C,  Imirie, G. W., Jr.  and Istock,
    J. T.  DEPOSTION  OF  RADIOGALLIUM (GA72) in
    PROLIFERATING TISSUES.  Radiology, 1950, 55:
    571-578.  9 refs.                      ---

2632
  Dudley, H. C,  Maddox, G. E. and LaRue, H. C.
    STUDIES OF THE METABOLISM OF  GALLIUM.   J.
    Pharm. Exp. Ther., 1949, 96:  135-138.   3
    refs.  Abstracted in: BioTT Abstr., Bait.,
    1950, 24: No. 400.

2633
  Munn, J.  I. and Dudley, H. C.   STUDIES  OF THE
    METABOLISM OF GALLIUM.   IV. EFFECT OF GALLIUM
    ON ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE AND CALCIFICATION  IN
    VITRO.  Naval Med. Res.  Inst., Bethesda, Md.
    Research reports, 1953,  2: 1-8.   13 refs.

TRACE ELEMENTS -  IRON

2634
  Austoni, M. E.  and  Greenberg, D. M.  STUDIES
    IN IRON METABOLISM WITH THE AID  OF ITS  ARTI-
    FICIAL RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE.   THE ABSORPTION,
    EXCRETION, AND DISTRIBUTION OF IRON IN  THE
    RAT ON NORMAL AND IRON-DEFICIENT DIETS. J.
    Biol. Chem.,  1940, 134: 27-41.   14 refs.
    Bone was included among the tissues studied.

2635
  Austoni, M. E., Rabinovitch, A. and  Greenberg,
    D. M.  THE  IRON CONTENT OF THE TISSUES  OF
    NORMAL, ANEMIC, AND  IRON-ENRICHED  RATS  FREED
    FROM BLOOD BY VIVIPERFUSION.  J. Biol.  Chem.,
    1940, 134:  17-26. 9 refs.  Bone is included
    among th~e" tissues analyzed.   Data  are pre-
    sented  in tabular form.

2636
 ♦Kaneko, R.  INFLUENCE  OF VITAMIN A AND  D  ON
    THE CHANGES IN BONE  DUE TO THE CONTINUOUS
    ADMINISTRATION OF INORGANIC IRONS.  J.
    Orient. M., Dairen,  1941, 34: 357-370.  Ab-
    stracted in:  Chem. Abstr. ,"T941, 35:  80492.
    "The production of osseous atrophy by con-
    tinuous administration of inorganic irons
    can be prevented  if  a small amount of vita-
    min A is added to the diet.   Vitamin  D  has
    no effect." - Chem.  Abstr.

See:
  2618
TRACE ELEMENTS
LEAD
2637
  Barrett, F. R.  STUDIES IN THE DEPOSITION OF
    LEAD IN BONE.  II. CALCIUM-PHOSPHORUS AND
    LEAD-PHOSPHORUS RATIOS.  Med. J. Australia,
    1943, 30- 433-435.  8 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. ABstr., Bait., 1944, 18: No. 10138;
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, l"""4*4-45, 14: No.
    436.
2638
  Barth, E.  UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER DEN BLEIGE-
    HALT DER MENSCHLICHEN KNOCHEN.  Virchows
    Arch., 1931, 281: 146-151.  6 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1932,
    6: No. 13025; Chem. Abstr., 1932, 26:  4369.

2639
 ♦Behrens, B. and Baumann,  A.  ZUR PHARMAKOLOGIE
    DES BLEIS.  IX. WEITERE UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER
    DIE VERTEILUNG DES BLEIS MIT HILFE DER
    METHODE DER AUTOHISTORADIOGRAPHIE.  Zschr.
    ges. exp. med., 1933, 92: 241-250.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1937, 11:
    No. 16329.

2640
 ♦Behrens, B. and Baumann,  A.  ZUR PHARMAKOLOGIE
    DES BLEIS.  X. DIE BEZIEHUNG DER BLEIABLAGER-
    UNG ZUM CALCIUMSTOFFWECHSEL.  Zschr. ges.
    exp. med., 1933, 92: 251-264.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., BalTT, 1937, 11: No. 16329.

2641
  Gant, V. A.  LEAD POISONING.  SECTION 1. EX-
    POSURES TO LEAD; ITS ABSORPTION, TRANSPOR-
    TATION, DISTRIBUTION, AND DEPOSITION IN THE
    TISSUES; THE PHOTOMETRIC DITHIZONE METHOD
    AS AN ACCURATE MEANS OF DETERMINATION; "NOR-
    MAL" LEAD IN TTSSUES AND URINE; "NORMAL"
    VALUE IN BLOOD.  Indust. M., 1938, 7:  608-
    622.  48 refs.  For "normal" content of
    bone, see particularly p. 616-620.  Data is
    summarized in tables.

2642
 ♦Hashikura, K.  [THE STUDIES ON THE GROWING
    PROCESS OF BONE BY MEANS OF VITAL STAINING
    METHOD OF LEAD ACETATE]  Iryo, Tokyo,  1951,
    5:  1-4.  English summary.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1952, 26: No. 31236.

2643
  Heynold, G. [M. L.]  HISTOCHEMISCHE UNTERSUCH-
    UNGEN UBER DIE ABHAnGIGKEIT DES NORMALEN
    BLEIGEHALTES MENSCHLICHER KNOCHEN VOM LEBEN-
    SALTER.  16p.  Zeulenroda, A. Oberreuter,
    1937.  (Inaug.-Diss.-Leipzig).  2 pi.   12
    refs .

2644
  Kehoe, R. A.,  Thamann, F. and Cholak, J.  LEAD
    ABSORPTION AND EXCRETION IN RELATION TO
    DIAGNOSIS OF LEAD POISONING.  J. Indust.
    lyg., 1938,  15: 320-340.  11 refs,

2645
  Kehoe, R. A.,  Thamann, F. and Cholak, J.  ON
    THE NORMAL ABSORPTION AND EXCRETION OF LEAD.
    II. LEAD ABSORPTION AND LEAD EXCRETION IN
    MODERN AMERICAN LIFE.  J. Indust. Hyg.,
    1933, 15: 273-288.  27 refs.

2646
  Kehoe, R. A.,  Thamann, F. and Cholak, J.  ON
    THE NORMAL ABSORPTION AND EXCRETION OF LEAD.
    III. THE SOURCES OF NORMAL LEAD ABSORPTION.
    J. Indust. Hyg., 1933,  15: 290-300.  Approx.
    75 refs.

2647
  Kehoe, R. A.,  Thamann, F. and Cholak, J.  ON
    THE NORMAL ABSORPTION AND EXCRETION OF LEAD.
    IV. LEAD ABSORPTION AND EXCRETION IN INFANTS
    AND CHILDREN.  J. Indust. Hyg., 1938,  15:
    301-305. 8 refs.

2648
  Kreussler, [H. E.l M.  HISTOCHEMISCHER NACHWEIS
    VON NORMALBLEI IM KNORPELGEWEBE DES MENSCHEN.
    19p.  Lpz., A. Edelmann, 1937.   (Inaug.-Diss.
    -Leipzig).  2 pi.  37 refs.

2649
  Kreussler, W.  HISTOCHEMISCHER  NACHWEIS VON
    NORMALBLEI IN GEFLUGELKNOCHEN.   16p.   Lpz.,
    A. Edelmann, 1937.   (Inaug.-Diss.-Leipzig).
    4 pi.  19 refs. 
148
TRACE ELEMENTS - LEAD  (Continued)
2650
  Lynch, G. R., Slater,  R.  H.  and  Osier,  T  G
    THE DETERMINATION  OF TRACES  OF LEAD  IN BIO-
    LOGICAL MATERIALS  WITH  SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
    BONE.  Analyst, Lond.,  1934,  59:  787-806.
    A method for determining  the Te"ad content of
    bone is described  and data on  the lead con-
    tent of fresh bone and  ashed bone from indi-
    viduals (male and  female)  of various  ages
    and occupations are tabulated.   Findings of
    earlier authors are compared.

2651
  MacDonald, N. S., Nusbaum. R.  E.,  Ezmirlian,
    F., Barbera, R. C,  Spam, P.  and Rounds,
    D. E.  MECHANISMS  IN SKELETAL ACCUMULATION
    OF IONS.  Arch. Biochem.,  N. Y.,  1953,  43:
    118-126.  18 refs.   Abstracted  in: Chem.
    Abstr., 1953, 47:  9467h.   Rats  were given a
    single injection of  strontium  and of  lead
    and the metal ion  content  in the  femurs was
    determined 24 hours  later  in order to as-
    certain "how the amount of metal  deposited
    in the femurs... varied as a function of
    the dose administered."

2652
  McLean, R.,  Calhoun,  J. A. and Aub,  J. C.
    MIGRATION OF INORGANIC SALTS IN BONE AS
    MEASURED BY RADIOACTIVE LEAD AND BY ALI-
    ZARIN.   A.M.A. Arch.  Indust.  Hyg. & Occup.
    M., 1954,  9: 113-121.  14  refs.

2653
  Morris, H. P.  AGE AND THE LEAD CONTENT OF
    CERTAIN HUMAN BONES:  A COMPILATION AND STA-
    TISTICAL ANALYSIS  OF RECENTLY  PUBLISHED
    DATA.  J. Indust.  Hyg., 1940,  22:  100-103.
    5 refs.  "... there  is a significant  in-
    crease with age in the lead  content of  four
    different human bones from different  sub-
    jects, when expressed as milligrams of  lead
    per kilogram fresh bone.   This  increase  is
    less marked in the rib and vertebra than  in
    the femur and tibia.  The  increase in  lead
    per year in the femur was  0.810 mgm. per
    kilogram of fresh  bone while for  rib  it was
    0.060 mgm. and for vertebra, 0.044 mgm."

 2654
   Raab,  H.  and  Brown,  C. E.   KNOCHENVERAnDERUNGEN
    NACH EINVERLEIBUNG VON  BLEIACETAT.  Zschr.
    ges. exp.  Med.,  1934, 94:  346-352.  10 refs.
    Abstracted  in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1936, 10:
    No.  11002;  Chem. Abstr.,  1934,  28: 68454.

2655
  Sieber, E.  HISTOCHEMISCHER  BLEINACHWEIS  IM
    KNOCHEN.  Arch. exp.  Path.,  Lpz.,  1936,  181:
    273-280.  5 refs.   Abstracted  in:  Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1937,  11_: No. 13839.

2656
  Sobel, A. E. and Burger, M.  THE BIOCHEMICAL
    BEHAVIOR OF LEAD.   II. THE INFLUENCE OF
    CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS AND VITAMIN D ON LEAD
    IN BLOOD AND BONE AFTER WITHDRAWAL OF LEAD
    FROM THE DIET.  17p.  Office of Naval
    Research,  Washington, Technical Report NR
    180 025, Jan. 1954.   9 refs.

2657
  Tompsett, S. L.  THE DISTRIBUTION OF LEAD  IN
    HUMAN BONES.  Biochem. J., Lond.,  1936,  30:
    345-346.  2 refs.   "In a series of 19  cases,
    the concentrations of lead were,  rib 4.0-
    17.5, vertebrae 3.4-16.5,  femur  18.2-108.3,
    tibia 15.3-96.5 mg.  lead per kg.  fresh  bone."
2659
2658
Tompsett, S. L. and Anderson, A. B.  THE LEAD
  CONTENT OF HUMAN TISSUES AND EXCRETA.  Bio-
  chem. J., 1935, 29: 1851-1864.  20 refs.  A
  method is described for estimating lead con-
  tent of tissues and excreta.  Among the data
  presented are "normal" concentrations of
  lead in rib, vertebra and femur.
   Weyrauch, F. and MUller, H.  DAS SOGENANNTE
     NORMALE BLEI  IM MENSCHLICHEN K0RPER.   Zschr.
     Hyg.,  1933, 115: 216-220.  9 refs.  Ab-
     stracted  in:""C"Eem. Abstr., 1933,  27:  4568.

See:

   2611      2626      2698

TRACE ELEMENTS -  MANGANESE

   see also TRACE  ELEMENTS

2660
   Amdur,  M. 0., Norris,  L. C.  and  Heuser, G. F.
     THE LIPOTROPIC  ACTION  OF MANGANESE.   J. Biol.
     Chem., 1946,  164:  783-784.  1  ref.  At a
     given choline level  more fat was  found in
     the livers of rats receiving adequate man-
     ganese.   Presence  of manganese or choline in
     the diet  also caused a reduction  in the fat
     content of fresh bone.

2661
   Amdur,  M. O., Norris,  L. C.  and  Heuser, G. F
     THE NEED  FOR  MANGANESE IN  BONE DEVELOPMENT
     BY THE RAT.   Proc. Soc.  Exp. Biol., N. Y.,
     1945,  59: 254-255.   7  refs.  Abstracted in:
     Biol.  ABstr., Bait., 1945, 19: No. 18200.
     "The  length,  density, breaking strength,
     and phosphatase content  of the bones  of
     manganese-deficient  rats were  lower than in
     pair-mates of the same weight  receiving
     adequate  manganese.  There was no difference
     between the two groups in  percentages of ash,
     calcium,  phosphorus  and  magnesium in  the
     fat-free  dry  bone."

2662
 ♦Barnes,  L.  L.,  Sperling, G.  and Maynard, L. A.
     BONE DEVELOPMENT IN  THE  ALBINO RAT ON A LOW
     MANGANESE DIET.  Proc. Soc. Exp.  Biol.,
     N. Y., 1941,  46: 562-565.  Abstracted in:
     Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1941, 15: No. 16812;
     Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,  19"Il-42, 11: No.
     1380.                              —
2663
   Caskey,  C.  D.,  Gallup,  W.  D. and Norris, L. C.
     THE NEED FOR MANGANESE IN  THE BONE DEVELOP-
     MENT OF THE CHICK.   J.  Nutrit., 1939, 17:
     407-417.   19  refs.  Abstracted in: Biol*:
    Abstr., Bait., 1939,  13:  No.  9165; Chem.
    Abstr., 1939,  33:  6397ff.   "...  the ab-
     normal shortening of the bones of chicks
     is probably the direct effect of  the upset
     in calcium and phosphorus metabolism  re-
    sulting from manganese deficiency."
2664
   Chornock, C. S., Guerrant,  N. B.  and Dutcher,
     R. A.   EFFECT OF MANGANESE ON CALCIFICATION
     IN THE GROWING RAT.  J.  Nutrit.,   1942, 23-
     445-458.   15 refs.   Abstracted in: Biol—
    Abstr., Bait., 1942,  16:  No.  19732.
2665                     —
  Ellis,  G. H.,  Smith,  S. E  and  Gates  F  M
    K^'f 2.F  ^NGANESE  DEFICIENCYIN
    THE RABBIT.   J.  Nutrit.,  1947,  34: 21-31
    23 refs.   Abstracted  in:  Biol.  ABstr

    ?94?;'4l94559Ti:  N°-  10906^hem. Absir.,
2666
  F°RONFH* R?ooM°it0T'  R; kl   THE MANGANESE IN
    BONE.   Biochem.  J.,  Lond.,  1952,  51:  598-
    600.   1 ref.   "Spectrographic studTes and
    determinations based  on perlodate oxida-
    tions  show that the manganese content of
    ox femur  is of the  order  0.27-0 51 dub,
    depending  on  the type of  bone,  compact"or
    cancellous.   Irrespective of  the  type this
    corresponds to about  1.4  ppm.  expressed on
     the ash.   Most of  the manganese is asso-
    ciated with the inorganic matrix   but
    small  proportion is bound to  the'organic
    matrix.  Little manganese,  if any, ac-
    companies  the  water-soluble alkaline phos-
    phatase ."                             puos 
149
TRACE ELEMENTS - MANGANESE  (Continued)
2667
  Gallup, W. D. and Norris, L. C.  ASSIMILATION
    AND STORAGE OF MANGANESE  IN THE DEVELOPING
    EMBRYO AND GROWING CHICK.  Poultry Sc  ,
    1939, 18: 99-105.  5 refs.  Abstracted in-
    Chem. ABstr., 1939, 33: 46414.  Tibiae and
    femurs were includedTn the analyses.
2668
  Gallup, W. D. and Norris, L. C.  ESSENTIALNESS
    OF MANGANESE FOR THE NORMAL DEVELOPMENT OF
    BONE.  Science, 1938, 87:  18-19.  13 refs.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,  1938, 32-
    1773»; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1938, 1*27  No
    2751.                             —

2669
  Kamimura, T.  THE INFLUENCE OF MANGANESE ON
    THE GROWTH OF BONE.  J. Orient. M., Dairen,
    1938, 29: 25.  An abstract.   In young  rab-
    bits receiving 0.5gr.-6g. manganese per
    kilo daily for 75 days there was retarda-
    tion of bone growth, premature ossification
    of the cartilage of the epiphysis, and
    disappearance of the spongious trabecula
    of primary and secondary bone sooner than
    usual.
2670
  Miller, R. C., Keith, T. B., McCarty, M. A.
    and Thorp, W. T. S.  MANGANESE AS A POSSI-
    BLE FACTOR INFLUENCING THE OCCURRENCE OF
    LAMENESS IN PIGS.  Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol.,
    N. Y., 1940, 45: 50-51.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1941, 15: No. 3913.

2671
  Norris, L. C, Gallup, W. D. and Caskey, C. D.
    THE ROLE OF MANGANESE IN BONE DEVELOPMENT.
    J. Nutrit., 1938, 15: Proc. 14.  An ab-
    stract.
2672
 ♦Schweitzer, C. S.  THE EFFECT OF MANGANESE ON
    CALCIFICATION IN THE GROWING  RAT IN THE
    PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF VITAMIN D.  84p.
    Ann Arbor, Mich., 1941.   (Univ. microfilms,
    Pub. No. 273).
2673
  Skinner, J. T. , Peterson, W. H. and Steenbock,
    H.  THE MANGANESE METABOLISM  OF THE RAT.
    J. Biol. Chem., 1931, 90: 65-80.  20 refs.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,  1931, 25: 988.
2674
  Wachtel, L. W. , Elvehjem, C. A. and Hart, E. B.
    THE PHYSIOLOGY OF MANGANESE IN THE RAT.  Am.
    J. Physiol., 1943, 140: 72-82.  24 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1944, 38: 4057.
    "... analytical determinations on manganese-
    deficient animals were made for the purpose
    of arriving at gross biochemical changes....
    Blood, bone, enzymatic, metabolic, and en-
    docrinal studies were carried out, and the
    results and interpretations of these results
    are reported in detail."
2675
  Wilgus, H. S., Jr., Norris, L. C. and Heuser,
    G. F.  THE ROLE OF MANGANESE AND CERTAIN
    OTHER TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE PREVENTION OF
    PEROSIS.  J. Nutrit., 1937, 14: 155-167.
    18 refs .
See:
738
2269
1935
2596
1939
2611
2024
2090
TRACE ELEMENTS - PORPHYRINS
2676
  Dohne, E. E. and Kammerer, H.  UNTERSUCHUNG AM
    KNOCHENSYSTEM JUNGER TIERE NACH INJEKTION
    VON VERSCHIEDENEN FLUORESCIERENDEN UND NICHT-
    FLUORESCIERENDEN FARBSTOFFEN.  (ALS BEITRAG
    ZUR KLARUNG DER FRAGE, OB DIE ABLAGERUNG
    VERSCHIEDENER PORPHYRINE, BESONDERS AN DEN
    VERKALXZONEN DES KNOCHENS SIN SPEZIFISCH
    PHYSIOLOGISCHEN VORGANG DARSTELLT.  V0RLAUF-
    IGE MITTEILUNG).  Verh.  Deut. Ges. inn. Med.,
    1Q33  4R-  8fi-88   7 refs.
2677
  Fikentscher, R.,  Fink, H. and Emminger, E.
    UNTERSUCHUNGEN AN KNOCHEN WACHSENDER
    SAUGETIERE NACH INJEKTION VERSCHIEDEN-
    ARTIGER PORPHYRINE.  VORLAUFIGE MITTEILUNG.
    Klin. Wschr., 1931, 10: 2036.  8 refs.

2678
  Fikentscher, R.,  Fink, H. and Emminger, E.
    UNTERSUCHUNGEN AN KNOCHEN WACHSENDER
    SAUGETIERE NACH INJEKTION VERSCHIEDENARTI-
    GER PORPHYRINE.  Virchows Arch., 1933, 287:
    764-783.  13 refs.  Abstracted in: NutriTT"
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 1933-34, 3: No. 2092.

2679
  Fink, H. and Hoerburger,  W.   UBER DIE OCHRONOSE
    DER SCHLACHTTIERE.   II. ISOLIERUNG VON
    KRYSTALLISIERTEM UROPORPHRIN AUS DEN KNOCHEN.
    IDENTITATSBEWEIS MIT HILFE DER PH-FLUORES-
    CENZKURVEN DURCH ANALYSE.   Zschr. physiol.
    Chem., 1931,  202:  8-22.  15 refs.

2680
  Paul, K. G., Engstrom, A. and Engfeldt,  B.
    LOCALIZATION OF PORPHYRINS IN BONE TISSUE
    IN A CASE OF PORPHYRIA  CUTANEA TARDA.   J.
    Clin. Path.,  Lond., 1953,  6:  135-139.   29
    refs.  "In a case of porphyrinuria cutanea
    tarda only uroporphyrin III has been isolated
    from the bone tissue.  This porphyrin is
    microscopically localized  to certain Haver-
    sian systems and structures where the ionic
    milieu is well  suited for  the deposition.
    The precise localization of the porphyrins
    is discussed from the point of view of bone
    physiology."

2681
  Tanzi, B.  IL RAPPORTO FOSFORO/AZOTO (P/N)
    E CALCIO/AZOTO  (CA/N) NELLE OSSA DI RATTI
    EMATOPORFIRINIZZATI.  AteneoParm., 1939,
    11: 265-282.   17 refs.

TRACE ELEMENTS - RADIUM
2682
  Calhoun, J. A.  and Aub,  J.  C.   THE DEPOSITION
    OF RADIUM SALTS IN BONES  AND THEIR RELATION
    TO CALCIUM METABOLISM.   J.  Clin. Invest.,
    1937, 16: 664.

2683
  Hoecker, F. E.  and Roofe, P.  G.   STRUCTURAL
    DIFFERENCES IN BONE MATRIX  ASSOCIATED WITH
    METABOLIZED RADIUM. Radiology,  1949, 52:
    856-865.  Discussion:  p.  864-865.  5 rets.
    The distribution of radium  in certain rat
    bones containing metabolically deposited
    radium is described.

2684
  Hoecker, F. E.  and Roofe, P.  G.   STUDIES OF
    RADIUM IN HUMAN BONE.  Radiology, 1951,  56:
    89-98.  5 refs.  Illustrates and describes
    "certain characteristic microscopic patterns
    of radium distribution  in the matrix of hu-
    man bones, to correlate  these with the
    microscopic structure  of  the bone..."
2685
  Looney, W. B.  SKELETAL ROENTGENOGRAPHIC,
    HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND AUTORADIOGRAPHIC
    FINDINGS IN HUMANS TWENTY YEARS AFTER THE
    ADMINISTRATION OF RADIUM  CHLORIDE.  Fed.
    Proc, Bait.,  1953, 12: No.  1297.  An
    abstract.  From the findings,  "It is
    evident that  some relation  exists between
    radium deposition and histopathological
    change, however, histopathological changes
    were found in the absence of radium.  This
    interrelation is complex.  It is probably
    the end result  of many  intermediate fac-
    tors such as  trauma blood supply, etc. so
    that when the reparative  processes can no
    longer be maintained at  a rate equal to
    the destructive processes permanent changes
    occur." 
150
TRACE ELEMENTS - RADIUM  (Continued)
2686
  Looney, W. B. and Woodruff, L. A.  INVESTIGA-
    TION OF RADIUM DEPOSITION IN HUMAN SKELETON
    BY GROSS AND DETAILED AUTORADIOGRAPHY.
    A.M.A. Arch. Path., 1953, 56: 1-12.  12
    refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect.
    5, 1954, 7: No. 907.

2687
  Norris, W. P. and Kisieleski, W.  COMPARATIVE
    METABOLISM OF RADIUM, STRONTIUM, AND CAL-
    CIUM.  Sympos. Quant. Biol., 1948, 13:  164-
    172.  38 refs.  Discussion: p. 171-172.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1949, 43:
    4755S.

TRACE ELEMENTS - STRONTIUM

  see also TRACE ELEMENTS


2688
  Comar, C  L., Lotz, W. E.  and Boyd, G. A.
    AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF CALCIUM, PHOS-
    PHORUS, AND STRONTIUM DISTRIBUTION UN BONE
    OF GROWING PIGS.  Am. J. Anat., 1952, 90:
    113-129.  pi.  16 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Brit. Abstr., 1953, AIII: p. 5; Excerpta
    med., Sect. 2, 1953, 6:  No. 5945.


2689
  Copp, H.  THE ROLE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN
    MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY.  II. USE OF RADIO-
    ACTIVE TRACERS IN THE STUDY OF BONES AND
    TEETH.  Am. J. Orthodont., 1947, 33: Oral
    Surg., 109-115.  Abstracted in: Excerpta
    med., Sect. 9, 1948, 2:  No. 5027.
2690
  Hodge, H. C, Gavett, E. and Thomas, I.  THE
    ADSORPTION OF STRONTIUM AT FORTY DEGREES BY
    ENAMEL,DENTIN, BONE, AND HYDROXYAPATITE AS
    SHOWN BY THE RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE.  J. Biol.
    Chem., 1946, 163: 1-6.  18 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Nutrit. ABstr., Aberdeen, 1946-47, 16'
    No. 1983; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1946, 20:
    No. 15470.
2691
  Hodges, R. M., MacDonald, N. S., Nusbaum, R.,
    Stearns, R., Ezmirlian, F.,  Spain, P. and
    McArthur, C.  STRONTIUM CONTENT OF HUMAN
    BONES.  J. Biol. Chem., 1950, 185: 519-
    524.  12 refs.  Abstracted in:**"C"Eem. Abstr.
    1950, 44: 10870c; Excerpta med., Sect. 2,
    1951, J7 No. 2529.


2692
  Jones, D. C. and Copp, D. H.  THE METABOLISM
    OF RADIOACTIVE STRONTIUM IN ADULT, YOUNG
    AND RACHITIC RATS.  J. Biol. Chem., 1951,
    189: 509-514.  13 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Excerpta med., Sect. 2, 1951, 4: No. 5254;
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1951, 25: No. 30273.
Jones  D  C. and Copp, D. H.  STUDIES OF BONE
  mItabolism WITH THE AID OF RADIOACTIVE
  STRONTIUM.  14p.  U. S. Atomic Energy Com-
  mission, Oak Ridge, Tenn., 1948. (AECD-
  1962).  15 refs.
2694
lowsev  J ,  Owen, M. and Vaughan, J.  MICRO-
J MDI0GRAPHS AND AUTORADIOGRAPHS OF CORTICAL
  BONE FROM MONKEYS INJECTED WITH 9<>SR   Brit,
  J  Exp  Path., 1953, 34: 661-667.  13 refs.
  Findings in cortical bone of the tibia are
  described.  90Sr was concentrated in areas
  of bone growth and distributed unevenly
  around building sites, the highest concen-
  tration in these sites was assumed to have
  occurred when osteoblastic activity pre-
  dominated at the time of administration.
2695
  Jowsey,  J.,  Rayner,  B. ,  Tutt,  M.  a^^a^a°'
    J.   THE DEPOSITION OF  90SR IN RABBIT BONES
    FOLLOWING  INTRAVENOUS  INJECTION.   Brit. J.
    Exp. Path.,  1954,  34:  384-391.   3 pi.  4
    refs.   The authors7""using an autoradio-
    graphic technique, studied the localization
    of intravenous 90Sr in the bones of rabbits.
    In both young (1 day old) and older ^animals
    (5-7 weeks)  concentration occurred in areas
    of active growth,  though in the younger
    group much subsequent diffuse redistribu-
    tion took place.  In the older group the
    possible effect of persistent localisation
    on tumor production is considered." - Ibid.
    Survey of papers, p.(i).

2696
  Kidman, B., Rayner, B., Tutt, M. L. and
    Vaughan, J. M.  AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDIES
    OF THE DEPOSITION OF SR89 IN RABBIT BONES.
    J. Path. Bact., Lond., 1952, 64: 453-459.
    2 pi.  24 refs.  Abstracted in: Nuclear
    Sc. Abstr., 1953, 7: No. 62; Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1953, 27: No. 9664.  "The localiza-
    tion of certain isotopes in areas of active
    bone growth, as well as  their more diffuse
    distribution throughout mineralised bone,
    suggests that ionic exchanges on the sur-
    face of bone crystals alone will not ac-
    count for the uptake of  these isotopes."

2697
  Kidman, B., Tutt, M. L. and Vaughan, J. M.
    THE RETENTION AND EXCRETION OF RADIOACTIVE
    STRONTIUM AND YTTRIUM (SR89, SR90 AND Y90)
    IN THE HEALTHY RABBIT.   J. Path. Bact.,
    Lond., 1950, 62:  209-227.  17 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1951, 25:
    No. 4271; Excerpta med., Sect. 2, 1951 ,~~1:
    No. 5673.

2698
  MacDonald, N. S., Ezmirlian, F., Spain, P.
    and McArthur, C.  THE ULTIMATE SITE OF
    SKELETAL DEPOSITION OF STRONTIUM AND LEAD.
    J. Biol. Chem., 1951, 189: 387-399.  19
    refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1951, 25: No. 24028; Chem. Abstr., 1951,
    45: 52*3*3d.  "Although the evidence sheds
    Tittle light on the initial phases by which
    Sr and Pb ions are accumulated in bone, it
    is concluded that some,  and perhaps most,
    of the cations ultimately become part of
    the crystalline structure of the bone salt.
    The length of time during which such ma-
    terial remains fixed depends upon the rate
    of bone resorption and reformation."
2699
  MacDonald, N. S., Nusbaum, R. E., Stearns,  R. ,
    Ezmirlian, F., McArthur, C. and Spain, P
    THE SKELETAL DEPOSITION OF NON-RADIOACTIVE
    STRONTIUM.  J. Biol. Chem., 1951, 188: 137-
                    Abstracted in: Excerpta
                   1951, 4: No. 5670; Biol.
                   1951, ""f5: No. 13162.
143.  19 refs.
med.,  Sect. 2,
Abstr.,  Bait.,
2700
Pecher, C.   BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS WITH
  RADIOACTIVE CALCIUM AND STRONTIUM.  Proc
  Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1941, 46: 86-91.
  7 refs.  Abstracted in: Nutrit7~Abstr ,
  Aberdeen, 1941-42, 11:  No. 382.  Distri-
  bution of the two elements in different
  tissues;  including bone was studied
2701
Pecher, C. and Pecher, J.  RADIO-CALCIUM AND
  RAD10-STRONTIUM METABOLISM IN PREGNANT MICE
  Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1941, 46- 91-
  94.  "It appears that part of the calcium
  and strontium previously fixed in the skele-
  ton of mice migrates to the foetus during
  the last days of pregnancy and to the off-
  spring through the milk.  When radioactive
  strontium lactate is injected intravenously
  into lactating mice and cows, appreciable
  amounts are excreted in the milk." 
151
TRACE ELEMENTS - STRONTIUM  (Continued)
2702
  Robison, R.,  Law, K. A. O'D. and Rosenheim,
    A.  H.  DEPOSITION OF STRONTIUM SALTS IN
    HYPERTROPHIC CARTILAGE IN VITRO.  Biochem.
    J., Lond.,  1936, 30: 66-68.  6 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: NutrTT. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1936-
    37, 6: No.  637.

2703
  Shorr, E. and Carter, A. C.  THE USEFULNESS
    OF STRONTIUM AS AN ADJUVANT TO CALCIUM IN
    THE REMINERALIZATION OF THE SKELETON IN MAN.
    Bull. Hosp. Joint Dis., 1952, 13: 59-66.  28
    refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect.
    5,  1953, 6: No. 1653; Chem. Abstr., 1953,
    47: 7281.

2704
  Sobel, A. E., Goldenberg, H. and Hanok, A
    CALCIFICATION.  IV. INFLUENCE OF STRONTIUM
    AND MAGNESIUM  IONS ON CALCIFICATION IN
    VITRO.  Proc.  Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1951,
    78: 716-718.   11 refs.  "The intense in-
    hibition of calcification in vitro by
    strontium ions requires the presence of
    magnesium ions.  The injury to the calci-
    fying mechanism in rickets due to strontium
    is associated  with the presence of magnesium
    ions.  The results suggest the importance
    of studying the influence of various ions on
    the calcifying mechanism both in the pres-
    ence and absence of magnesium."

2705
  Tutt, M., Kidman, B., Rayner, B. and Vaughan,
    J.   THE DEPOSITION OF SR89 IN RABBIT BONES
    FOLLOWING INTRAVENOUS INJECTION.  Brit. J.
    Exp. Path., 1952, 33: 207-215.  12 refs.
    Abstracted in: BioTT Abstr., Bait., 1953,
    27: No. 9668;  Chem. Abstr., 1952, 46-
    T0410S.                           ~~

2706
  Tweedy, W. R.  THE EFFECT OF PARATHYROID EX-
    TRACT ON THE DISTRIBUTION, RENTENTION, AND
    EXCRETION OF LABELED STRONTIUM.  J. Biol.
    Chem., 1945, 161: 105-113.  6 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: CKem. Abstr., 1946, 40: 12329.
2710
  Neuman, M. W. and Neuman, W. F.  THE DEPOSI-
    TION OF URANIUM IN BONE.  II. RADIOAUTO-
    GRAPHIC STUDIES.  J. Biol. Chem., 1948,
    175: 711-714.  2 pi.  7 refs.  "Radioauto-
    graphs of bone containing u233 showed this
    element to be deposited only in the mineral
    portions and to be particularly concentrated
    on surfaces adjacent to the circulation and
    in areas of calcification.  Once fixed, lit-
    tle redistribution of uranium occurred.  As
    the normal growth and calcification processes
    continued, new bone accumulated over the
    lines of deposition and the resorption of
    bone to some extent was inhibited, probably
    because of the insolubility of U-impregnated
    bone salt."

2711
  Neuman, W. F., Fleming, R. W.,  Dounce,  A. L.
    Carlson, A. B.,  O'Leary, J.  and Mulryan, B. J
    THE DISTRIBUTION AND EXCRETION OF INJECTED
    URANIUM.  J. Biol. Chem., 1948, 173:  737-
    748.  16 refs.  Abstracted in:  Biol.  Abstr.,
    Bait., 1948, 22: No. 20275;  Chem. Abstr.,
    1948, 42: 467Bg.

2712
  Neuman, W. F., Neuman,  M.  W.  and  Mulryan,  B. J.
    FAILURE OF NONISOTOPIC URANIUM  TO INHIBIT RE-
    SORPTIVE PROCESSES IN RAT FEMUR.   IN:  PHARMA-
    COLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY OF URANIUM  COMPOUNDS.
    (Voegtlin, C. and Hodge, H. C, eds.)   New
    York, McGraw-Hill, 1953.  (National Nuclear
    Energy series, Manhattan Project  Technical
    Sect., Div. 6, v.l,  pt.  4,  p.  1958-1959.
2713
  Neuman, W.  F.,  Neuman,  M.  W.  and Mulryan,
    B. J.  THE DEPOSITION OF URANIUM IN BONE.
    I. ANIMAL STUDIES.   J. Biol.  Chem.,  1948,
    175:  705-709.  7 refs.   "The  deposition  of
    injected  uranium in bone was  found  to be
    directly  related to growth  activity.
    Young rats,  irrespective of sex,  showed  a
    greater U concentration  in  bone than did
    older animals."
2707
  Van Middleton, L,, Copp, D. H. and Hamilton,
    J. G.  UPTAKE OF PLUTONIUM, YTTRIUM AND
    STRONTIUM BY THE CALLUS OF HEALING FRAC-
    TURES.  Fed. Proc, Bait., 1947, 6: 219.
    An abstract.
32
2606
33
2651
1310
2687
2597
2604
TRACE ELEMENTS - URANIUM
2708
  Amprino, R.  OBSERVATIONS ON THE FIXATION IN
    VITRO OF URANIUM TO SECTIONS OF BONE.  Ex-
    perientia, Basel, 1953, 9: 291-293.  7 refs.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1954, 48: 1570c;
    Nuclear Sc. Abstr., 1953, 7: No. 59TT.  Auto-
    radiographic studies of ground sections of
    bone treated with solutions of uranium and
    radiocalcium indicated that the distribution
    of both elements is essentially the same but
    that differences exist in the fixation of
    the cations, particularly in the ground sub-
    stance where uranium unites not only with
    the mineral crystals but also with the or-
    ganic components of the bone matrix.


2709
  Hodge, H. C.  THE ROLE OF EXCHANGE IN CAL-
    CIUM AND PHOSPHATE ADSORPTION BY THE CALCI-
    FIED TISSUES.  Tr. Conf. Metab. Interrelat.,
    1949, l.Conf., 49-65.   Conference discus-
    sion: p. 61-65.  22 refs.
2714
  Neuman,  W.  F.,  Neuman,  M.  W.,  Main,  E.  R.  and
    Mulryan,  B.  J.   THE DEPOSITION OF  URANIUM IN
    BONE.   III.  THE EFFECT OF DIET. J. Biol.
    Chem., 1948,  175:  715-719.   9 refs.   "The
    effect of several  experimental diets  on  the
    rate of mobilization of  skeletal uranium in
    rats was tested.   Alkaline and acidic diets
    were without effect;  a rachitogenic diet
    increased the rate of mobilization.   The
    half life of skeletal uranium in the  rat
    was found to be of the order of 50-60 days."
2715
  Neuman,  W.  F.,  Neuman,  M.  W.,  Main,  E.  R.  and
    Mulryan,  B.  J.   THE DEPOSITION OF  URANIUM IN
    BONE.   IV. ADSORPTION STUDIES IN VITRO.   J.
    Biol.  Chem.,  1949,  179:  325-333.  13  refs.
    Abstracted  in:  Biol.  Abstr.,  Bait.,  1949,
    23:  No.  23967;  Chem.  Abstr.,  1949, 43:  8481c,
2716
  Neuman, W. F., Neuman,  M. W.,  Main, E. R. and
    Mulryan, B. J.  THE DEPOSITION OF URANIUM IN
    BONE.  V. ION EXCHANGE STUDIES.  J. Biol.
    Chem., 1949, 179:  335-340.  8 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol.  Abstr., Bait., 1949, 23:
    No. 23968.                               —

2717
  Neuman, W. F., Neuman,  M. W.,  Main, E. R. and
    Mulryan, B. J.  THE DEPOSITION OF URANIUM IN
    BONE.  VI.  ION COMPETITION STUDIES.  J.
    Biol. Chem., 1949,  179: 341-348.  11 refs.
    Abstracted  in: BiolT7S"bstr., Bait., 1949,
    23: No. 23969. 
152
VITAMIN INFLUENCE
2718
  Hertz, J.  STUDIES ON THE HEALING OF FRAC-
    TURES, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE SIG-
    NIFICANCE OF THE VITAMIN CONTENT OF THE
    DIET.  Acta path, microb. scand., 1936,
    Suppl. 23.  286p.  15 pi.  316 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1937,
    11: No. 16027; Chem. Abstr., 1936, 30:
    7"575' .  A comprehensive review with a
    report of experiments with rats.


2719
  Krockert, G.  HISTOLOGISCHE UNTERSUCHUNG DER
    CALLUSBILDUNG NACH VITAMIN- UND KALKZUFUHR.
    Deut. Zschr. Chir., 1942, 255: 409-412.  2
    refs.  Abstracted in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aber-
    deen, 1943-44, 13: No. 147.
2720
  Krockert. G... LASST SICH DURCH VITAMINGABEN
    EINE VERSTARKTE MINERALISATION BEI DER
    FRAKTURREGENERATION IM RONTGENBILD BEO-
    BACHTEN?  Deut. Zschr. Chir., 1942, 255:
    398-408.  Approx. 25 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,  1943-44, 13: No.
    147.
2721
  Masmonteil, F. and Leuret, J.  ROLE DES VITA-
    MINES DANS L'APPAREIL DE CROISSANCE.
    (ESSAI DE PATHOGENIE DES CHONDROSES).  Bull,
    Soc. chir. Paris, 1946, 37: 72-77.  Ab-
    stracted in: Excerpta mecTT, Sect. 9, 1949,
    3: No. 4913.  "The authors recall the three
    layers of epiphyseal cartilage for the
    development of each of which they believe
    a specific vitamin and special chemical ele-
    ments are necessary: vitamin A for the
    first; vitamin D, Ca and P for the second;
    vitamin C, with Fe and Ca, for the third.
    Deficiency of these leads  to scurvy, ric-
    kets, and epiphyseal degeneration.  For
    the transformation of hyaline in ossifying
    cartilage, vitamin B and Mn are necessary.
    ...  The epiphyseal cartilage does not take
    an active part in bone growth but is rather
    a passive barrier, a 'cliff' against the
    push of growth coming from the shaft."
    - Excerpta med.
2722
  Wolbach, S. B. and Bessey, 0. A.  TISSUE
    CHANGES IN VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES.  Physiol.
    Rev., 1942, 22: 233-289.  345 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1943, 17:
    No. 13684.  A comprehensive review of the
    morphological manifestations seen in de-
    ficiencies of vitamins, A, C, D, E, K and
    "M".
See:

  1134
2198
2660
VITAMIN INFLUENCE - VITAMIN A
2723
  THE ACTION OF VITAMIN A IN CALCIFICATION.
    South Afr. M. J., 1949, 23: 787-788.  12
    refs.  A short report of the views held on
    the action of vitamin A.
2724
  Bomskov  C  and Seemann, G.  UBER EINE WIRK-
    UNG DES VITAMIN A AUF DEN MINERALHAUSHALT.
    Zschr. ges. exp. Med., 1933, 89: 771-779.
    4 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait,
    1936, 10: No. 3268.
2725
  Cappellin, M. and Crepax,  P.   AZIONE DELLA
    VITAMINA A IN FORTI DOSI SUL SISTEMA OSSEO
    DEL RATTO ALBINO.  Boll. Soc ital. biol.
    sper., 1950, 26: 1495-1497.  8 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Chem. Abstr.,  1951, 45: 9638g.
    Rats were given by stomach tube, daily doses
    of vitamin A varying between 10,000 and
    50,000 IU per animal per day.  Doses of
    10,000 IU were tolerated but at 20,000 IU
    and above complications appeared, in-
    creasing in proportion to the dose.  X-rays
    revealed spontaneous multiple fractures.
    Anatomical studies showed marked anemia of
    all viscera, particularly liver and kidneys,
    considerable enlargement of  the adrenals
    and atrophy of  the thymus.   Microscopic
    analysis of the  long bones showed, in addi-
    tion to copious  fibrous callus  formation at
    fracture sites,  gross changes in epiphyseal
    cartilage, in diaphyseal bone and in bone
    marrow.

27 26
  Collazo, J. A. and Sanchez Rodriguez, J.
    HYPERVITAMINOSE A.  II. EXOPHTHALMUS UND
    SPONTANFRAKTUREN.  Klin. Wschr., 1933, 12:
    1768-1771.  22 refs.

2727
  Copp, D. H. and Greenberg, D. M.  STUDIES ON
    BONE FRACTURE HEALING.  I.  EFFECT OF VITA-
    MINS A AND D.  J. Nutrit.,  1945, 29: 261-
    267.  9 refs.  Abstracted in: BioTT Abstr.,
    Bait., 1945, 19: No. 15752; Chem. Abstr.,
    1945, 39: 30435.
2728
  Dejust, L. H.  ACTION LOCALE DES VITAMINES.
    ERGOSTEROL ET CAROTENE.  Rev. path, comp.,
    Par., 1934, 34: 1771-1777.  13 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: ""Chem. Abstr., 1936, 30: 45472.
2729
  Emerique, L.  L'AVITAMINOSE A ET LA COMPOSI-
    TION CHIMIQUE DE L'ANIMAL.  C. rend. Acad.
    sc, 1934, 199: 240-242.  4 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1934, 9:
    No. 13735.


2730
  Fell, H.  B.  THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN A ON ORGAN
    CULTURES OF SKELETAL AND OTHER TISSUE.  Tr.
    Conf. Connective Tissues, 1953, 4.meet ,
    142-184.  pi.  11 refs.
2731
  Fell, H. B. and Mellanby, E.  THE EFFECT OF
    HYPERVITAMINOSIS A ON EMBRYONIC LIMB-BONES
    CULTIVATED IN VITRO.  J. Physiol., Lond.,
    1952, 116: 320-349.  3 pi.  28 refs.
    Findings indicate that vitamin A has a
    direct action on embryonic bone tissue.

2732
  Fell, H. B. and Mellanby, E.  EFFECT OF
    HYPERVITAMINOSIS A ON FOETAL MOUSE BONES
    CULTIVATED IN VITRO; PRELIMINARY COMMUNI-
    CATION.  Brit. M. J., 1950,  2: 535-539.
    16 refs.  Abstracted in; BioT  Abstr
    Bait., 1951,  25: No. 7505; Chem. Abstr
    1952, 46: 76271.                      "

2733
  Fell, H. B. and Mellanby, E.  THE EFFECT OF
    VITAMIN A ON SKELETAL TISSUE CULTIVATED IN
    VITRO.  J. Physiol., Lond.,  1951, 115:
    Proc, 4-6.  3 refs.  "The evidenceTndi-
    cates that the vitamin A is a main con-
    trolling factor in the development and
    growth of bone, and that the concentration
    in the tissues necessary for the proper de-
    velopment in any species of animal must be
    within fairly narrow limits." 
VITAMIN INFLUENCE - VITAMIN A (Continued)
153
2734
Imura,  T.  UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER DIE EXPERI-
  MENTELLE RACHITIS.  Tr. Jap. Path. Soc,
  1930, 20: 44-49.  Various groups of young
  rats  were fed vitamin A and vitamin D
  deficient diets.  It was concluded that
  vitamin A is necessary for elongation of
  the bones but does not influence calcifi-
  cation while vitamin D does not effect
  elongation but is necessary for calci-
  fication .
2735
  Irving,  J.  T.  THE EFFECTS OF AVITAMINOSIS
    AND HYPERVITAMINOSIS A UPON THE INCISOR
    TEETH AND INCISAL ALVEOLAR BONE OF RATS.
    J.  Physiol., Lond., 1949, 108: 92-101.
    pi.  19 refs.  Abstracted T57 Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1949, 23: No. 23906; Nutrit. Abstr.,
    Aberdeen, 194"3"":50, 19: No. 330.  Findings
    suggest that in bone formation, vitamin A
    acts solely upon the osteoblasts.  Exces-
    sive amounts in the diet depress the action
    of  these  cells while a lack of the vitamin
    causes them to engage in a disorderly ac-
    tivity.  The response of the osteoclasts
    in  avitaminosis is secondary and is an
    attempt to prevent excessive bone formation,
2736
  Khain-Makarova, G. A.  ZNACHENIE VITAMINOV A
    I GRUPPY B DLIA SKELETNOGO ROSTA.   Arkh.
    pat., Moskva, 1953, 15: No. 2, 66-72.  9
    refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1953,
    47: 8201c.  "Experiments with rats showed
    TKat with deficiencies in  ... vitamins
    [A, Bi and B2] in the diet there is retard-
    ation of endochondral growth.  Excess of
    vitamin A causes the reverse process of
    acceleration of aging and dystrophy of
    the cartilage cells, but this vitamin does
    not have the specificity ascribed to it by
    Wolbach (J. Bone Surg., 1947) and Mellanby
    (J. Physiol., 1947).  Deficiencies in Bi
    and B2 vitamins and protein starvation give
    the same results as A deficiency." - Chem.
    Abstr.
2737
  Klein Obbink,  H.  J. and Nieman, C.   HYPER-
    VITAMINOSIS-A.   Ned.  tschr. geneesk.,
    1953,  97:  872-877.  2 pi.  Approx. 25 refs,
    Abstracted in:  Chem.  Abstr.,  1953, 47:
    9438c.
2738
 ♦Kollath, W.  DAS WACHSTUMSPROBLEM UND DIE
    FRAGE DES ZELLERSATZES IN DER VITAMIN-
    FORSCHUNG.  VII. DAS VERSAGEN DES VITA-
    MINS A ALS WACHSTUMSFAKTOR UND SEINE
    URACHE.  Arch. exp. Path., Lpz., 1933,
    170: 285-291.  Abstracted in: Nutrit.
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 1933-34, 3: No. 1571.
2739
  Leitner, Z. A.  PATHOLOGY OF VITAMIN A DEFI-
    CIENCY AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE.  Brit
    J.  Nutrit., 1951, 5: 130-142.  Approx. 150
    refs.  See particularly p. 130-132 for
    skeleton.  Abstracted in:  Excerpta,med.,
    Sect. 5,  1953, 6: No. 1025.
2740
  Maddock, C. L. and Wolbach, S. B.  NITROGEN,
    PHOSPHORUS AND CALCIUM METABOLISM IN THE
    RACHITIC RAT GIVEN EXCESSIVE DOSES OF VITA-
    MIN A.  Fed. Proc, Bait., 1950, 9: 337.
    An abstract.  "The results suggest that
    vitamin A acts by speeding up metabolic
2741                                    J  ,   „
  Maddock, C. L., Wolbach, S. B. and Maddock, S.
    HYPERVITAMINOSIS A IN THE DOG.  J. Nutrit.,
    1949, 39: 117-137.  pi.  39 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1950, 24:
    No. 11872.  "A litter of 5 greyhound pup-
    pies, 3 males and 2 females, 2 months of
    age, was used. ... No spontaneous fractures
    resulted, but X-ray studies revealed ex-
    cessive remodelling of long bones.  The
    dog responds, as do other laboratory ani-
    mals, to excessive doses of vitamin A.
    This response is marked by loss of appetite,
    marked loss in weight..."

2742
  Mellanby, E.  BONE OVERGROWTH AND NERVE DE-
    GENERATION PRODUCED BY DEFECTIVE DIET.  J.
    Physiol., Lond.,  1939, 96: Proc. 36-37.  5
    refs.

2743
  Mellanby, E.  NUTRITION IN RELATION TO BONE
    GROWTH AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.  Proc. R.
    Soc, Ser. B, Biol. Sc., Lond., 1944, 132:
    28-46.  10 pi.  23 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Chem. Abstr., 1944, 38: 30041; Nutrit.
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 194*3-45, 14: No. 1054.

2744
  Mellanby, E.  SKELETAL CHANGES AFFECTING THE
    NERVOUS SYSTEM PRODUCED IN YOUNG DOGS BY
    DIETS DEFICIENT IN VITAMIN A.  J. Physiol.,
    Lond., 1941, 99:  467-486.  pi.  13 refs.
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1942,
    16: No. 1146.  A part of this experiment  on
    t*He effect of skeletal changes on the ner-
    vous system is devoted to effects of vitamin
    A deficiency on bone.

2745
  Mellanby, E.  VITAMIN A AND BONE GROWTH:
    THE REVERSIBILITY OF VITAMIN A-DEFICIENCY
    CHANGES.  J. Physiol., Lond., 1947,  105:
    382-399.  8 pi.   12 refs.  AbstractecTTn:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1947, 21: No. 19855;
    Chem. Abstr., 1947, 41: 318"Jc.

2746
  Roasenda, F. and Camurati, C.  MODIFICAZIONI
    DELLA CARTILAGINE DI ACCRESCIMENTO DELLE  OSSA
    LUNGHE NEL RATTO ALBINO IN CARENZA ACUTA
    SPERIMENTALE DI  VITAMINA A.  Minerva ortop.,
    Tor., 1952, 3: 174-176.  8 refs.  A study of
    the knee joint and tibia of young rats kept
    on a completely vitamin A-deficient diet
    showed reduction of thickness of the meta-
    physeal cartilage, irregularity and partial
    absence of the stratum of hypertrophic cells,
    reduction of osteoblastic and osteoclastic
    activity and marked scantness and irregu-
    larity of osseous trabeculae.  These facts
    were interpreted as attesting the arrest of
    endochondral ossification and of the ex-
    change processes of bone.  The article be-
    gins with a review of the literature.

2747
  Roasenda, F. and Camurati, C.  MODIFICAZIONI
    DELLA CARTILAGINE DI INCROSTAZIONE DEL RATTO
    ALBINO IN ACCRESCIMENTO NELLA CARENZA SPERI-
    MENTALE ACUTA DI VITAMINA A.  Minerva ortop.,
    Tor., 1952, 3: 273-274.  Structure and growth
    in vitamin A deficiency.

2748
  Simola, P. E.  UBER DIE KNOCHEN- UND ZAHN-
    VERANDERUNGEN BEI A- UND B-AVITAMINOSE.
    Biochem. Zschr.,  1932, 254: 245-250.  11
    refs.  Abstracted in; Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1936, 10: No. 20780; Nutrit. Abstr., Aber-
    deen, T532-33, 2: No. 2643.
2749
  Strauss,  K.  BEOBACHTUNGEN BEI HYPERVITAMINOSE
    A.  Beitr. path.  Anat., 1934, 94: 345-352.  5
    refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. AbiTr., Bait.,
    1935, 9: No. 11610; Nutrit. Abstr., Aber-
    deen, T934-35, 4: No. 3260. 
154
VITAMIN INFLUENCE - VITAMIN A  (Continued)
2750
Van Metre, J. E., Jr.  THE  INFLUENCE OF  HYPER-
  VITAMINOSIS A ON BONE GROWTH.   Bull. Johns
  Hopkins Hosp., 1947, 81:  305-311.  10  refs.
  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1948,
  22: No. 21041; Excerpta med.,  Sect.  3,  1949,
  37 No. 82.
2751
  VITAMIN A AND BONE GROWTH.  (Editorial).  J.
    Am. M. Ass., 1947, 134: 1019-1020.  2 refs.
    A short review discussing Mellanby and
    Wolbach's work.

2752
  Wolbach, S. B.  VITAMIN-A DEFICIENCY AND EXCESS
    IN RELATION TO SKELETAL GROWTH.   J. Bone
    Surg., 1947, 29: 171-192.  Also  in: Proc.
    Inst. M. Chicago,  1946, 16:  118-145.  20
    refs.  Abstracted  in: BioT.  Abstr., Bait.,
    1948, 22: No. 24280; Excerpta med., Sect.
    9, 19487 2: No. 2812.
2753
  Wolbach, S. B. and Hegsted, D. M.  HYPERVITA-
    MINOSIS A AND THE SKELETON OF GROWING CHICKS.
    A.M.A. Arch. Path., 1952, 54: 30-38.  7 refs,
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1953, 27:
    No. 5934; Excerpta med., Sect. 5, 1953, 6:
    No. 981.  "As in mammals, hypervitaminosls A
    in growing chicks accelerates all histologi-
    cal sequences concerned in bone growth in
    conformity with the normal growth patterns.
2754
  Wolbach, S. B. and Hegsted, D. M.  HYPERVITA-
    MINOSIS A IN YOUNG DUCX; THE EPIPHYSEAL
    CARTILAGE.  A.M.A. Arch. Path.,  1953, J55:
    47-54.  8 refs.  Abstracted  in:  Excerpta
    med., Sect. 5,  1953, 6: No.  3805; Nutrit.
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 1953, 23:  No.  4150.
    Young ducks fed excessive doses  of vitamin
    A  in their diet for 2  to 3 weeks were then
    killed and their epiphyseal  cartilages com-
    pared with those of control  ducks.  Many
    evidences of accelerated endochondral os-
    sification were found  in the hypervitamino-
    sis A ducks.  On the basis of earlier experi-
    ments, it was concluded that the response
    was exactly the same as that in  chicks and
    mammals and that "the  only differences are
    quantitative..."
2755
  Wolbach, S. B. and Hegsted, D. M.  VITAMIN A
    DEFICIENCY IN THE DUCK.  SKELETAL GROWTH AND
    THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.  A.M.A. Arch.
    Path., 1952, 54: 548-563.  14 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1953,
    23- No  2840; Chem. Abstr., 1953, 47: 4442*.
2756
Wolbach  S. B. and Maddock, C. L.  RESPONSE
  OF THE RACHITIC METAPHYSIS IN THE RAT TO
  EXCESSIVE ADMINISTRATION OF VITAMIN A.
  Fed. Proc, Bait., 1949, 8: 376.  An ab-
  stract .
See:
773
2444
1344
2636
1367
2911
                                1515      2008


VITAMIN INFLUENCE - VITAMIN B COMPLEXES
2757
BOW LEGS IN DUCKS IN NIACIN DEFICIENCY.
  Nutrit. Rev., 1953, 11: 173-174   A re-
  view of dietary experiments on ducks which
  Revealed that the addition of adequate ma-
  cin to the diet prevents bow legs.
2758
  Camurati, C. and Tessarolo,  G.   LA MEJA-
    CROMASIA DELLA CARTILAGINE DI ACCRESCIMENTO
    NELLA AVITAMINOSI B TOTALE CRONICA.  Clin.
    ortop., Parma, 1952, 4: 487-490.  3 refs.
    Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 9,
    1954, 8: No. 615.

2759
  Frandsen, A. M.  GROWTH AND TRANSFORMATION OF
    THE MANDIBULAR JOINT IN THE RAT.  V. THE
    EFFECT OF PANTOTHENIC ACID DEFICIENCY FROM
    BIRTH.  Oral. Surg., 1953, 6: 892-897.  11
    refs.  Abstracted in: Brit. Abstr. M. Sc.,
    1954, p. 643.  "... while the marked inani-
    tion which accompanied this deficiency may
    explain retardation of chondrogenesis and
    osteogenesis, it is not likely to account
    for the striking changes seen in the later
    stages."

2760
  Gorlin, R. J. and Levy, B. M.  CHANGES IN THE
    MANDIBULAR JOINT AND PERIODONTIUM OF VITA-
    MIN B COMPLEX DEFICIENT RATS AND THE COURSE
    OF REPAIR.  J. Dent. Res., 1951, 30: 337-
    345.  3 refs.  Abstracted in: BioTT Abstr.,
    Bait., 1951, 25: No. 36788A.

2761
  Julesz, M. and Winkler-Julesz, E.   Bi VITAMIN
    HATASA IVARERESBEN LEVD NOSTENY NYULAK Es
    PATKANYOK HYPOPHYSISERE ES CSONTOSODASARA.
    Orv. lap., 1946, 2: 582-586.  8 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1948, 42: 8896*;
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1947, 21: No. 21811.

2762
  Kieny, M.  ACTION DE L'ACIDE PARA-AMINOBENZOI-
    QUE SUR LA CROISSANCE DU TIBIA CARTILAGINEUX
    D'EMBRYON DE POULET EN CULTURE IN VITRO. C.
    rend. Acad, sc., 1953, 236: 1920-1922.  Em-
    bryonic chick tibias cultured in a synthetic
    medium of 9 amino acids showed only slight
    linear growth and no increase in weight.
    When paraaminobenzoic acid was added the
    tibias showed marked increase in length and
    weight.  Although paraaminobenzoic acid
    alone did not promote growth it was believed
    to act as a catalyzer when added to the cul-
    ture medium.

2763
  Levy, B.  M.   THE EFFECT OF RIBOFLAVIN DEFI-
    CIENCY ON THE GROWTH OF THE MANDIBULAR
    CONDYLE OF MICE.   Oral Surg., 1949, 2: 89-
    96.  Abstracted in:  Chem.  Abstr., 1930, 44:
    8434S;  Biol.  Abstr., Bait., 1949, 23: No.
    20715.

2764
  Levy, B.  M.  and Silberberg,  R.   EFFECT OF
    RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCY ON ENDOCHONDRAL OSSI-
    FICATION OF MICE.  Proc.  Soc. Exp. Biol.,
    N. Y.,  1946, 63:  355-360.   4 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 2, 1948,
    1: No.  538; Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,
    T947-48, 17: No. 421.

2765
  Levy, B.  M.  and Silberberg,  M.   INHIBITION OF
    ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION IN PANTOTHENIC
    ACID DEFICIENCY.   Proc. Soc  Exp. Biol ,
    N. Y.,  1946,  63:  380-383.   Abstracted in:
    Nutrit. Abstr.,  Aberdeen,  1947-48, 17; No.
    458.  In growing mice, pantothenic acid
    was found essential for growth of the
    skeleton but in the adult mouse, deprived
    of pantothenic acid, no skeletal changes
    were observed.

2766
  Luyken, R.  LACTOFLAVIN-DEFICIENCY AND BONAL
    STRUCTURE.  Arch, neerl.  physiol., 1946, 28-
    230-231.  2 pi.   1 ref.  Abstracted in:  —'
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1949, 23: No. 14434
    Chem. Abstr., 1949, 43: 7101""". 
155
VITAMIN INFLUENCE
  (Continued)
VITAMIN B COMPLEXES
2767
  McQueeney, A. J., Ashburn, L. L., Daft, F  S
    and Faulkner, R.  TISSUE CHANGES AND SODIUM
    BALANCE IN PANTOTHENIC ACID-DEFICIENT RATS
    Endocrinclogy, 1947, 41: 441-450.  32 refs!
    Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,  Sect. 5, 1949,
    2: No. 1343; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1948, 22:
    No. 15954.  Changes in the adrenals, thymus
    lymph nodes, bone and marrow were studied.


2768
  Masella, T.  INFLUENZA DELLA LATTOFLAVINA E
    DELLA AVITAMINOSI B2 SUL CALLO DI FRATTURA
    CONTRIBUTO ISTOLOGICO.  Rass. internaz
    clin. ter., 1950, 30: 200-205.  Abstracted
    in: Excerpta med., Sect. 5, 1951, 4- No
    1225.                             -'

2769
  Nelson, M. M., Sulon, E., Becks, H. and Evans.
    H. M.  CHRONIC RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCY IN THE
    RAT.  I. OSSIFICATION IN THE PROXIMAL TIBIAL
    EPIPHYSIS.  Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol., N  Y ,
    1947, 66: 631-635.  9 refs.  Abstracted'in-
    Excerpta med., Sect. 2, 1948,  1: No. 5453;
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1948, 22: No. 16421.
    "In the deficient rats the growth of the
    tibia was retarded and endochondral ossifi-
    cation was gravely impaired.  Marked reduc-
    tion in chondrogenesis and in capillary
    erosion and ossification were characteris-
    tic...  Hematopoietic tissue was replaced
    by fat in all animals after 144 days on the
    deficient diet."
2770
  Nelson, M. M., Sulon, E., Becks, H., Wain-
    wright, W. W. and Evans, H. M.  CHANGES IN
    ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION OF THE TIBIA AC-
    COMPANYING ACUTE PANTOTHENIC ACID DEFICIENCY
    IN YOUNG RATS.  Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y.,
    1950, 73: 31-36.  16 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1950, 24: No. 17723;
    Chem. Abstr., 1950, 44: 4552a.


2771
  Neuburger, F. and Scholl, R.  UBER DIE WIRKUNG
    VON PARENTERAL VERABREICHTEM AZETYLCHOLIN
    AUF QUERGESTREIFTE MUSKELN, GELENKE UND
    KNOCHEN.  II. MITTEILUNG.  Arch. exp. Path,,
    Lpz., 1937, 188: 64-67.  Abstracted in:
    Chem. Abstr.7T939, 33: 43179.
2772
  Patrick, H. and Schweitzer, G. K.  THE IN-
    FLUENCE OF CERTAIN WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
    ON PHOSPHORUS p32 IN BONE MINERALIZATION.
    Poultry Sc., 1952, 31: 750-751.  5 refs.
    Results from this experiment with chicks
    seemed to indicate that the water-soluble
    vitamins control the rate of exchange of
    phosphorus in the blood with that in the
    bone
2773
  Roasenda, F. and Camurati, C.  MODIFICAZIONI
    DELLA CARTILAGINE DI ACCRESCIMENTO DELLE OSSA
    LUNGHE NEL RATTO ALBINO IN CARENZA ACUTA DI
    VITAMINA B TOTALE.  Minerva ortop., Tor.,
    1952, 3: 172-173.  5 refs.  A histological
    study of the superior tibial metaphyseal car-
    tilage of young rats maintained on a diet
    completely deficient in vitamin B showed "not
    only an arrest of osteogenesis but a profound
    and  total subversion of endochondral ossifi-
    cation .  This was apparent in the marked
    thinness of the epiphyseal cartilage, total
    lack of the stratum of hypertrophic cells,
    absence of young new-formed osseous trabecu-
    lae,  and the extreme reduction of the osseous
    processes of erosion and replacement."  These
    conditions are compared with those in vitamin
    A deficiency.
 2774
   Roasenda, F. and Camurati, C.  MODIFICAZIONI
    DELLA CARTILAGINE DI ACCRESCIMENTO DELLE
    OSSA LUNGHE NEL RATTO ALBINO IN CARENZA ACUTA
    SPERIMENTALE DI VITAMINA Bi.  Minerva ortop.,
    Tor., 1952, 3: 170-171.  1 ref.  Young rats
    fed a diet completely deficient in vitamin B
    were injected parenterally on alternate days
    with all  the B group fractions except B^.  A
    study made of the knee joint and tibia of
    these vitamin Bi-deficient animals showed a
    marked arrest of activity of the epiphyseal
    cartilage and of the substitution processes
    with new-formed bone trabeculae as well as
    considerable undermining of the normal struc-
    ture.  A  similarity is seen between the ef-
    fect on the metaphyseal cartilage of vitamin
    Bi and B complex deficiency and hypophysect-
    omy.

 2775
   Roasenda, F. and Camurati, C.  MODIFICAZIONI
    DELLA CARTILAGINE DI INCROSTAZIONE DEL RATTO
    ALBINO IN ACCRESCIMENTO NELLA CARENZA SPERI-
    MENTALE ACUTA DI VITAMINA B TOTALE E Bi.
    Minerva ortop., Tor., 1952, 3:  275-276.

 2776
   Salvini, M., Feruglio, F. S. and Baruffaldi,
    G.  LA VITAMINA PP NELLA RIPARAZIONE DELLA
    FRATTURA OSSEA.  Boll. Soc. ital. biol.
    sper., 1948, 24: 982-984.  3 refs.  Ab-
    stracted  in: Excerpta med., Sect. 5, 1949,
    2: No. 2831; Chem. Abstr., 1950, 44: 3586".

 2777
   Scartozzi, C.  AZIONE DELL'ACIDO NIC0TINIC0
    (VITAMINA P.P.) SUL PROCESSO DI RIPARAZIONE
    DELLE FRATTURE SPERIMENTALI E SUL SISTEMA
    RETICOLO  ISTIOCITARIO.  Arch. ital. med.
    sper., 1940, 6: 609-628.  51 refs.  Ab-
    stracted  in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1941, 15:
    No. 14486.

 2778
   Silberberg, M., Levy, B.  M. and Younger,  F.
    SKELETAL CHANGES IN GROWING VITAMIN B
    COMPLEX-DEPLETED RATS AND THE COURSE OF RE-
    PAIR.  Proc. Soc. Exp.  Biol., N. Y., 1948,
    67: 185-189.  8 refs.  Abstracted in:  Ex-
    cerpta med., Sect. 2, 1949, 2:  No. 153; Chem.
    Abstr., 1948, 42: 4253d.  "In growing vitamin
    B complex-deficient rats, there is retarda-
    tion and finally, cessation of growth of
    cartilage and bone associated with serous
    atrophy of the bone marrow.  The male is
    more sensitive to the deficiency than the
    female.  After refeeding a stock diet,
    skeletal growth is resumed at an intensified
    rate resulting in early restoration of nor-
    mal conditions."

 2779
  Silberberg, R. and Levy,  B. M.  SKELETAL GROWTH
    IN PYRIDOXINE DEFICIENT MICE.  Proc. Soc.
    Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1948, 67: 259-263.  6
    refs.  Abstracted in: BioTT Abstr., Bait.,
    1948, 22: No. 18446; Chem. Abstr., 1948,  42:
    4651e.  The histological changes in the long
    bones associated with the arrest of skeletal
    growth in pyridoxine deficient mice.

 2780
  Solarino, G. and Rizza, V.  INFLUENZA DELL'-
    ACIDO NICOTINICO SUL PROCESSO DI GUARIGIONE
    DELLE FRATTURE SPERIMENTALI.  Arch. ital.
    med. sper., 1941, 8: 193-216.  58 refs.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1949, 43:
    1472*.                             —

2781
  Wainwright, W.  W.  and Nelson, M.  M.  EFFECT
    OF ACUTE PANTOTHENIC ACID DEFICIENCY ON THE
    TIBIA OF YOUNG RATS.  J. Dent.  Res., 1946,
    25:  185-186.   An abstract.  Abstracted in;
    Excerpta med., Sect. 2, 1948, 1: No. 198. 
15>'
VITAMIN INFLUENCE - VITAMIN B COMPLEXES
  (Continued)
2782
Walker, A. R. P.  CEREALS, PHYTIC ACID, AND
  CALCIFICATION.  Lancet, Lond., 1951, 2:
  244-248.  Approx. 65 refs.  Abstracted in:
  Chem. Abstr., 1952, 46: 59Oh.
See:
1312
2957
1521
2969
1906
2970
2736
2748
VITAMIN INFLUENCE - VITAMIN C
2783
  Banks, S. W.  BONE CHANGES IN ACUTE AND CHRONIC
    SCURVY.  AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY.  J. Bone
    Surg., 1943, 25: 553-565.  4 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1943, 17:
    No. 23889.

2784
  Bayer, G.  UBER DIE CHEMISCHE UND PHYSIKA-
    LISCHE BESCHAFFENHEIT DER KNOCHEN BEIM
    EXPERIMENTELLEN SKORBUT.  Beitr. path.
    Anat., 1931, 87: 204-208.  5 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: CHem. Abstr., 1932, 26: 2502.

2785
  Bourne, G. H.  THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN C ON THE
    HEALING OF WOUNDS.  Proc. Nutrit. Soc,
    Cambr., 1946, 4: 204-216.  Discussion, p.
    210-216.  27 refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta
    med., Sect. 9,  1948, 2: No. 975.  A review
    on  human scurvey and on the soft tissues
    and bone in experimental scurvy.

2786
  Bourne, G. H.  SOME EXPERIMENTS ON THE POS-
    SIBLE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VITAMIN C AND
    CALCIFICATION.  J. Physiol., Lond., 1943,
    102: 319-328.   2 pi.  19 refs.  Abstracted
    1E7 Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1947, 21: No.
    19310; Chem. Abstr., 1944, 38: *5*2714.

2787
  Burns, J. J., Burch, H. B. and King, C. G.
    THE METABOLISM  OF 1-Cl4-L-ASC0RBIC ACID IN
    GUINEA PIGS.  J. Biol. Chem., 1951, 191:
    501-514.  33 refs.  Abstracted in: Nutrit.
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 1951-52, 21: No. 3543.

2788
  Camurati, C.  and  Tessarolo, G.  INFLUENZE DEL
    CARICO E DELLA  AVITAMINOSI C SULLA CARTI-
    LAGINE DI ACCRESCIMENTO DELLE CAVIE.  RI-
    CERCHE ISTOCHIMICHE.  Minerva ortop., Tor.,
    1953, 4: 131-134.  16 refs.  Findings from
    this histochemical study indicated that
    vitamin C is responsible for the carti-
    laginous lesions and that the suppression
    of  the load does not modify the effects
    produced by avitaminosis.

2789
  Camurati. C   and  Tessarolo, G.  RICERCHE
    SPERIMENTALI SUL COMPORTAMENTO DELLA META-
    CROMASIA NELLA  CARTILAGINE DI CONIUGAZIONE
    DELLE CAVIE IN  AVITAMINOSI C ACUTA.  Clin.
    ortop., Parma,  1952, 4: 483-486.  10 refs.
2790
Diabri, A.  EFFET DE L'ACIDE 1-ASCORBIQUE SUR
  L'OSTEOGENESE ET LA MINERALISATION DES OS
  DU COBAYE NORMALE ET SCORBUTIQUE.  Internat.
  Zschr. Vitaminforsch., Bern, 1940, 10: 210-
  223   49 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
  Bait., 1941, 15: No. 17771; Chem. Abstr.,
  1941  35: 5944"*.  "The resorption, of bone,
  which takes place in experimental scurvy,
  is inhibited by administering ascorbic
  acid.  Within certain limits the osteogene-
  sis is proportional to the intake of vita-
  min C.  Either during their resorption or
  apposition, no chemical changes could be
  found in the composition of bones."
2791
  Ferrario, C. V.  LA AVITAMINOSIS C EXPERI-
    MENTAL EN EL COBAYO Y LAS LESIONES DEN-
    TALES Y DEL PARADENCIO.  Rev. odont., B.
    Air., 1941, 29: 115-142, 206-224.  Ab-
    stracted in:~Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1941,
    15: No. 21935.  In guinea pigs experi-
    mental studies were made of the effects
    of vitamin C deficiency on teeth-and
    alveolar bone.

2792
  Follis, R. H., Jr.  HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON
    CARTILAGE AND BONE.  II. ASCORBIC ACID DE-
    FICIENCY.  Bull.  Johns  Hopkins Hosp., 1951,
    89: 9-20.  36 refs.  Abstracted in: Nutrit.
    ABstr., Aberdeen, 1951-52, 21: No. 3544.
    Findings suggest  that  the vitamin C is
    intimately related  to  the activity or for-
    mation of mucopolysaccharides and phospha-
    tase in the  "Gertlstmark".  Its mode of ac-
    tion is unknown.

2793
  Giangrasso, G.  ACIDO ASCORBICO E TRAPIANTI
    OSSEI SPERIMENTALI.  Boll. Soc. ital. biol.
    sper., 1940, 15:  987-988.

2794
  Giangrasso, G. and Gangitano, L.  VITAMINA C
    E TRAPIANTI OSSEI SPERIMENTALI.  Ortop.
    taumat. app. motore, 1946, 14: 149-162.  59
    refs .
2795
  Ham, A. W. and Elliott, H. C.  THE BONE AND
    CARTILAGE LESIONS OF PROTRACTED MODERATE
    SCURVY.  Am. J. Path.,  1938, 14: 323-336.
    3 pi.  17 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1938, 12: No. 7858.
2796
  Hanke, H.  EXPERIMENTELLE UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER
    BEEINFLUSSUNG DER KNOCHENREGENERATION DURCH
    VITAMIN C.  Deut. Zschr. Chir., 1935, 245:
    530-545.  13 refs.  Abstracted in: Nutrit.
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 1935-36, 5: No. 2669.
    "Administration of vitamin C to rabbits and
    guinea pigs after bone  resection acceler-
    ated bone regeneration.  Rabbits regenerated
    bone completely, though slowly on a vitamin
    C free diet and these animals showed vita-
    min C deposits in the liver.  In guinea pigs
    developing scurvy on a scorbutic diet, bone
    regeneration was greatly retarded."- Nutrit.
    Abstr.
2797
  Kapp, H.  and Schetty,  A.  UBER DEN MINERAL-
    BESTAND VON BLUT UND KNOCHEN BEIM EXPERI-
    MENTELLEN MEERSCHWEINSCHENSKORBUT.  Biochem.
    Zschr., 1937, 290: 58-61.  24 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in:  Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,
    1937-38, 7:  No. 366; Chem. Abstr., 1937,
    31: 437347

2798
  Klein, L.  NACHWEIS UND BEDEUTUNG DES VITAMIN
    C BEI KNOCHEN- UND MUSKELENTWICKLUNG   Anat.
    Anz., 1938,  87: 13-21.  16 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Biol.  Abstr., Bait., 1938, 12- No
    15988;  Chem.  Abstr., 1939, 33: 6U5I.
2799
  Kodicek,  E.  and Murray,  P. D.  F.  INFLUENCE
    OF A PROLONGED PARTIAL DEFICIENCY OF VITAMIN
    C ON THE RECOVERY OF GUINEA PIGS FROM IN-
    JURY TO BONES AND MUSCLES.  Nature, Lond
    1943, 151: 395-396.   7 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1943-44, 13: No.
    1156.  No reopening of healed fractures was
    observed in guinea pigs deprived of vitamin
    C or vitamin D.
2800
Levy, B.  M. and Gorlin,  R.  J.  THE TEMPORO-
  MANDIBULAR JOINT IN VITAMIN C DEFICIENCY
  J. Dent. Res., 1953, 32:  622-625.  "The '
  histologic changes in-""he mandibular con-
  dyle of animals maintained on vitamin
  C-deficient diets are described.  They are
  consistent with those described for other
  bones of scorbutic animals. 
VITAMIN INFLUENCE - VITAMIN C  (Continued)
157
2801
  Lexer, E. W.  nER EINFLUSS DES VITAMIN C AUF
    DIE REAKTIVE GEFAsSFOlLE BEI DER FRAKTUR-
    HEILUNG.  Klin. Wschr., 1939, 18: 208-209.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1939, 33:
    4643'.  "There is a decreased hyperemia of
    the fracture in hypovitaminosis C and the
    periosteal vessels are extremely fragile."
    - Chem. Abstr.
2802
  Maclean, D. L., Sheppard, M. and McHenry,
    E. W.  TISSUE CHANGES  IN ASCORBIC ACID DE-
    FICIENT GUINEA-PIGS.  Brit. J. Exp. Path  ,
    1939, 20: 451-457.  4 pi.  13 refs.  Ab-
    stracted' in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1940, 14:
    No. 6682.  In both bones and teeth "the
    vitamin deficiency causes a failure in
    those special cells which are concerned
    with the formation of calcific tissue.  No
    evidence has been secured to support the
    jellation theory.  Characteristic changes in
    other tissues have not been obtained.  The
    inanition which is coincident with the de-
    velopment of ascorbic acid deficiency is
    not responsible for any of the observed
    histological changes."

2803
  Mouriquand, G. and Dauvergne, M.  OSTEOPATHIES
    PAR CARENCE.  EVOLUTION DES OSTEOSES ET
    PfiRIOSTfiOSES PAR AVITAMINOSE C CHRONIQUE.
    Presse med., 1938, 46: 1081-1082.  3 refs.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1939, 33:
    46439.
2808
  Murray, P. D. F. and Kodicek, E.  SOME HISTO-
    LOGICAL EFFECTS OF PARTIAL DEFICIENCY OF
    VITAMIN C ON HEALING PROCESSES: THE INFLU-
    ENCE OF BONE REPAIR.  Proc. Nutrit. Soc,
    Carabr., 1946, 4: 200-203.  1 ref.  An ex-
    periment investigating the statement that
    deprivation of vitamin C leads to reopening
    of healed fractures.  Experimental diets
    were not given guinea pigs until callus
    formation was well advanced.  In no case
    did the callus reopen.

2809
  Perkins,  H.  R.  and Zilva,  S.  S.   THE INFLUENCE
    OF SCURVY AND FALL IN WEIGHT IN YOUNG  GUINEA
    PIGS ON THE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE CONTENT OF
    THE SERUM AND THE ZONES  OF  PROVISIONAL CAL-
    CIFICATION.   Biochem.  J., Lond.,  1950,  47:
    306-318.  16  refs.   Abstracted  in:  Excerpta
    med.,  Sect. 2,  1951,  4:  No.  4027;  Biol.
    Abstr., Bait.,  1951,  25:  No.  16564.

2810
  Prozorovskaia,  L.  L.   SODERZHANIE MAGNIIA V
    ZUBAKH I KOSTIAKH MORSKIKH  SVINOK PRI
    EKSPERIMENTAL'NOI TSYNGE I  POSLE EE
    LECHENIIA.  [CONTENT OF  MAGNESIUM IN TEETH
    AND BONES IN  GUINEA PIGS IN EXPERIMENTAL
    SCURVY AND FOLLOWING ITS THERAPY]   Stomatol-
    ogiia,  Moskva,  1954,  No.  1,  20-24.   In
    guinea pigs experimental scurvy,  produced
    by deficiency of vitamins C and P,  was ac-
    companied by  a fall in bone and dental mag-
    nesium.  Therapy with vitamins  C and P cured
    the scurvy but  the  magnesium levels did not
    return to normal until after two months.
2804
Mouriquand, G., Dauvergne, M. and Edel, V.
  SUR L'ACTION OSTEOPHYTOGENE DU JUS DE CITRON
  EN TERRAIN CARENCE.  (ANTIVITAMINES OU
  DIETOTOXIQUES?)  Internat. Zschr. Vitamin-
  forsch., Bern, 1949, 20: 386-392.  1 ref.
  Also in: Rev. rhumat., Par., 1949, 16: 67-
  68.  "In experiments undertaken to TTlumi-
  nate the pathogenesis of osteoclast forma-
  tion, small quantities of lemon juice in
  the diet were found necessary for their
  production, when there was inadequate in-
  take of vitamin C."
2305
  Murray,  P.  D.  F.  and  Kodicek,  E.   BONES,  MUS-
    CLES AND  VITAMIN C.   I.  THE  EFFECT OF A
    PARTIAL DEFICIENCY  OF VITAMIN C ON THE  RE-
    PAIR OF BONE AND MUSCLE  IN GUINEA-PIGS.  J.
    Anat., Lond.,  1949,  83:  158-174.   pi.  26
    refs.  Abstracted in:  Excerpta  med.,  Sect.
    1,  1950,  4:  No.  902;  Biol. Abstr.,  Bait.,
    1950,  24:  No.  8958.   "The  healing  of  ex-
    perimental fractures  of  the  fibula in
    guinea-pigs  was  observed in  partial vitamin
    C deficiency."

2306
  Murray,  P.  D.  F.  and  Kodicek,  E.   BONES,  MUS-
    CLES AND  VITAMIN C.   II. PARTIAL DKFICIEN-
    CIES OF VITAMIN  C AND  MID-DIAPHYSEAL
    THICKENINGS  OF  THE  TIBIA AND FIBULA IN
    GUINEA-PIGS.   J.  Anat.,  Lond.,  1949,  83:
    205-223.   pi.  35 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Excerpta  med., Sect.  1,  1950, 4: No.  903;
    Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1950, 24:  No.  8958.
    The studies  were  made  after-fracture, or
    attempted  fracture, of the fibula.

2 i07
  Murray,  P.  D. F. and Kodicek,  E.  BONES,  MUS-
    CLES AND VITAMIN C.   III. REPAIR OF THE EF-
    FECTS OF TOTAL DEPRIVATION OF VITAMIN C AT
    THE PROXIMAL ENDS OF THE TIBIA AND  FIBULA
    IN GUINEA-PIGS.  J.  Anat.,  Lond., 1949, 83:
    285-295.   pi.  5 refs.  Abstracted  in: Ex-
    cerpta  med.,  Sect. 5, 1950, 3: No.  3071;
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1950,  24": No.  8958.
 2811
  Querido, A. and Gaillard, P. J.  THE INFLUENCE
    OF VITAMIN C ON THE FORMATION OF COLLAGEN BY
    OSTEOGENETIC EXPLANTS  IN TISSUE CULTURE.
    Acta  brevia neerl., 1939, 9: 70-72.  2 refs.

 2812
  Roasenda, F. and Camurati, C.  MODIFICAZIONI
    DELLA CARTILAGINE DI ACCRESCIMENTO DELLE OSSA
    LUNGHE NELLA CAVIA IN AVITAMINOSI C ACUTA
    SPERIMENTALE.  Minerva ortop., Tor., 1952,
    3: 165-166.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 9, 1953, 7: No.  5772.  "Vitamin C
    deficiency considerably reduces the activi-
    ty of the epiphysial cartilage of the long
    bones, inhibiting their osteoblastic ac-
    tivity." - Excerpta med.

 2813
  Roasenda, F. and Camurati, C.  MODIFICAZIONI
    DELLA CARTILAGINE DI INCROSTAZIONE DI CAVIA
    IN ACCRESCIMENTO NELLA CARENZA SPERIMENTALE
    ACUTA DI VITAMINA C.  Minerva ortop., Tor.,
    1952, 3: 274-275.
 2814
  Robertson, W. van B.  CONCENTRATION OF COLLAGEN
    IN GUINEA PIG TISSUES  IN ACUTE AND PROLONGED
    SCURVY.  J. Biol. Chem., 1950, 187: 673-677.
    9 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1951, 25: No. 16566.

 2815
  Robertson, W. van B.  THE EFFECT OF ASCORBIC
    ACID  DEFICIENCY ON THE COLLAGEN CONCENTRA-
    TION  OF NEWLY INDUCED FIBROUS TISSUE.  J.
    Biol. Chem., 1952, 196: 403-408.  12 refs.

2816
  Robertson, W. van B.  INFLUENCE OF ASCORBIC
    ACID ON Nl5 INCORPORATION INTO COLLAGEN IN
    VIVO.  J. Biol. Chem., 1952, 197: 495-501.
    17 refs.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 2, 1953, 6: No. 2038; Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1953, 27: No. 513.

2817
  Robertson, W. van B. and Schwartz, B.  ASCORBIC
    ACID AND THE FORMATION OF COLLAGEN.  J. Biol.
    Chem., 1953, 201: 689-696.  19 refs. 
158
VITAMIN INFLUENCE - VITAMIN C  (Continued)
2318
  Roche, J.  VITAMINE C ET SYSTEME OSSEUX  (OS
    ET DENTS).  Exposes ann. biochim. mgd., 1942,
    3 ser. , 18-29.  6 refs.

2819
  Roche, J. and Martin-Poggi, R.  RECHERCHES SUR
    L'OSSIFICATION.  X. CARENCE EN ACIDE ASCORBI-
    QUE ET REPARATION DES FRACTURES EXPfiRIMEN-
    T\LES.  Tr. Soc. chim. biol., 1941, 23: 1545-
    1^55.  2 refs.

2820
  Salter, w. T. and Aub, J. C.  STUDIES OF CAL-
    CIUM AND PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM.   IX.  DEPO-
    SITION OF CALCIUM IN BONE IN HEALING  SCORBU-
    TUS.  Arch. Path., Chic, 1931, 11: 380-382.
    pi.  5 refs.  Abstracted in: BioTT Abstr.,
    Bait., 1932,  6: No. 9731; Chem. Abstr.,
    1931, 25: 4920.

2821
  Scoz, G., Cattaneo, C. and Gabbrielli, M. C.
    IL CONSUMO DI OSSIGENO, I POTERI ENZIMATICI
    DEL FEGATO E  I POTERI FOSFATASICI DEL SANGUE
    E DELL'OSSO NELLA AVITAMINOSI C SPERIMENTALE.
    Enzymologia,  Haag, 1937, 3:  29-40.  Approx.
    34 refs   Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1937,
    31: 86316.
See:
2822
  Shaw, J. H., Phillips, P. H. and Elvehjem,
    C. A.  ACUTE AND CHRONIC ASCORBIC ACID DE-
    FICIENCIES IN THE RHESUS MONKEY.  J. Nutrit.
    1945, 29: 365-372.  21 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. ABstr., Bait., 1945, 19: No. 18719.
    The study includes a description of skeletal
    changes.
2823
  Statsmann, L.  ZUR CHEMISCHEN ZUSAMMENSETZUNG
    SKORBUTISCHER KNOCHEN.  Biochem.  Zschr.,
    1930, 217: 395-399.  7 refs.  Abstracted  in:
    Biol. A*Bstr., Bait., 1933, 7:  No. 6052; Chem.
    Abstr., 1930, 24: 2167.
2824
 ♦Terzi, M.  IPO-VITAMINOSI
    ZIONI OSTEO-ARTICOLARI.
    Parma, 1950, 2: 350-361
    Excerpta med., Sect. 9,
C CRONICA E ALTERA-
 Clin. ortop.,
  Abstracted in:
1951, 5: No. 5968.
2825
  Tinacci, F.  SUI RAPPORTI TRA ACIDO ASCORBICO
    E METABOLISMO DEI MUCOPOLISACCARIDI MESEN-
    CHIMALI.  Arch, sc.  biol., Bologna, 1952,
    36: 127-134.  10 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1952, 22: No. 2143,
2826
  Trizzino, E.  and Grimaldi,  G.   SULL'AZIONE
    DELLA VITAMINA C NEI PROCESSI DI GUARIGIONE
    DELLE FRATTURE.  Arch.  ital.  anat.  pat.,
    1940, 12: 502-521.   95  refs.
2827
  Wersch, H. J. van.  SCURVY AS A SKELETAL DIS-
    EASE; A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SCURVY AND
    RICKETS, CLINICALLY, HISTOLOGICALLY, HISTO-
    CHEMICALLY, BIOCHEMICALLY AND ROENTGENOLOGI-
    CALLY.  365p.  Utrecht, Dekker & Van de
    Vegt, 1954.  Bibliography: p. 350-365.


2828
  Wolbach, S. B.  VITAMIN 0 AND THE FORMATION
    OF INTRACELLULAR MATERIAL.  N. England J.
    M., 1936, 215: 1158-1159.  An abstract.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1937, 3_1:
    62957.  Cevitamic acid seems to be neces-
    sary for the formation of intracellular
    substances (white fibrous tissue, bone,
    cartilage and dentine) which have collagen
    as their bases.
753	811	836	840	853
955	964	1157	1169	1206
1219	1441	1446	1510	1616
1979	2011	2142	2162	2253
2260	2606	2915		
VITAMIN INFLUENCE - VITAMIN D (including calcium-
  phosphorus imbalance studies)
2829
  Alquier, J., Asselin, L., Kogane, M. and
    Silvestre de Sacy, G.  VARIATIONS DE LA COM-
    POSITION MINERALE DU TISSUE OS.SEUX CHEZ LE
    RAT NORMAL^ RACHITIQUE, ET GUERI DU RACHI-
    TISME EXPERIMENTAL.  C. rend. Acad. sc.,
    1930, 190: 334-336.  Abstracted in: Chem.
    Abstr.7~T930, 24: 2173.
2830
  Aquila, N.  RICERCHE SUL COMPORTAMENTO DEGLI
    ACIDI NUCLEICI CELLULARI NEL CALLO DI FRAT-
    TURA.  Arch. sc. med., Tor., 1952, 94: 288-
    296.  22 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,
    1953, 47: 1810f.  Experiments with rabbits
    indicated that changes in the cellular me-
    tabolism of the osseous callus are due to
    the presence of nucleic acids.  After treat-
    ment with vitamin D greater quantities of the
    nucleic acids were found in the fibroplastic
    cells but they were not observed in the car-
    tilage cells.  It was concluded that vita-
    min D accelerates fracture healing either by
    its effect on the fixation of calcium salts
    or by increasing cellular metabolism, as
    indicated by the presence of abundant ribo-
    nucleic acid in the fibroblasts and inter-
    stitial tissue.
2831
  Bailie,  J.  M.  and Irving,  J. T.  CHANGES IN
    THE METAPHYSIS OF THE LONG BONES DURING THE
    DEVELOPMENT OF RICKETS.   Brit.  J. Exp.
    Path.,  1948,  29:  539-546.  2 pi.  17 refs.
    Abstracted in: Nutrit. Abstr.,  Aberdeen,
    1949-50,  19:  No.  844.
2832
  Bauer, W. and Marble, A.  STUDIES ON THE MODE
    OF ACTION OF IRRADIATED ERGOSTEROL.  Ill
    THE EFFECT OF IRRADIATED ERGOSTEROL ADMINI-
    STRATION ON THE FORMATION OF BONE TRABECU-
    LAE.  J. Clin. Invest., 1932, 11: 37-45.  5
    refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1932,
    26: 1642; Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1932-33,
    327 No. 154.  "The administration of a high
    calcium diet to cats with calcium phosphate
    deficiency of the bone results in an in-
    crease in the number of bone trabeculae.
    This increase in the number of bone trabecu-
    lae is greater when, in addition to a high
    calcium diet, irradiated ergosterol is
    given."
2833
  Baumann, R. and Pommer, A.  SPATRACHITIS BEIM
    HUND.  Wien. tier3rztl. Mschr., 1951, 38:
    353-359.  Abstracted in: Bull. Anal  CNRS
    1952, 13: pt. 2, No. 105444.  X-ray and   '
    histological study of the modifications of
    bone structure in late rickets of the skele-
    ton of a five month old dog.

2834
  Becks, H., Collins, D. A. and Axelrod, H  E
    THE EFFECTS OF A SINGLE MASSIVE DOSE OF
    VITAMIN D2  (D-STOFF THERAPY) ON ORAL OR
    OTHER TISSUES OF YOUNG DOGS.  Am. J.
    Orthodont., 1946, 32: 452-462.  Abstracted
    in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1947, 21: No
    8377; Chem. Abstr., 1947, 41: 3*34*2* 
159
VITAMIN INFLUENCE - VITAMIN D  (Continued)
2835
  Bomskov, C. and Krtlger, E.  DER MAGNESIUM-
    GEHALT DES BLUTSERUMS BEI EXPERIMENTELLER
    RACHITIS UND D-HYPERVITAMINOSE.  Zschr
    Kinderh., 1931, 52: 47-53.   29 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Chem. Abstr.,  1932, 26:  3014.

2836
  Boyle, P. E. and Wesson, L. G.   INFLUENCE OF
    VITAMIN D ON THE STRUCTURE  OF THE  TEETH AND
    OF THE BONES OF RATS ON LOW CALCIUM DIETS.
    Arch. Path., Chic, 1943, 36:  243-252.  15
    refs.  Abstracted  in: NutrTT. Abstr., Aber-
    deen, 1944-45, 14: No. 181.
2837
  Bruce, H. M. and Parkes, A. S.  RICKETS AND
    OSTEOPOROSIS IN XENOPUS LAEVIS.  J. Endocr.,
    Lond., 1950, 7: 64-81.  pi.  33 refs.  "The
    results... show that calcification in Xeno-
    pus is defective if vitamin D is deficient,
    even when there is an adequate supply of
    minerals in the diet.  In this respect
    Xenopus resembles infants and puppies, but
    differs from smaller mammals such as rats,
    mice and hamsters, which, provided the cal-
    cium and phosphorus in the diet are well
    balance, apparently require extremely lit-
    tle, if any, vitamin D.  The deformities of
    infantile rickets, 'knock nees, bow legs,
    enlargement of the epiphyses, malformations
    of the chest, contracted pelvis...' have
    their counterpart in corresponding skeletal
    deformities in Xenopus."

2838
  Buckner, G. D., Insko, W. M., Jr., Henry, A.
    H. and Wachs, E. F.  THE INFLUENCE OF
    VITAMIN D ON THE GROWTH AND OSSIFICATION OF
    THE STERNI, TIBIAE, FEMORA AND METATARSI OF
    NEW HAMPSHIRE COCKERELS.  Poultry Sc., 1952,
    31: 628-632.  1 ref.  Vitamin D increased
    th"e weight, volume, length, and percentage
    of ash in the tibiae, femora, metatarsi,
    and sterni, influencing weight and volume
    more than length.  It greatly influenced
    the rate of growth of bone in the keels
    but not the length of cartilage.
2839
  Burmeister, W.  UBER DEN CITRONENSAURE-GEHALT
    IM KNOCHEN BEI RACHITISHEILUNG.  (TIEREX-
    PERIMENTELLE UNTERSUCHUNGEN.)  Zschr.
    Kinderh., 1953, 73: 312-318.  10 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1954,
    24: No. 351.
2843
  Coleman, R. D.,  Becks, H.,  Van Nouhuys, K. F.
    and Copp, D. H.  SKELETAL CHANGES IN SEVERE
    PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY OF THE RAT.  I. TIBIA,
    METACARPAL BONE, C0STOCH0NDRAL JUNCTION,
    CAUDAL VERTEBRA.  Arch. Path., Chic, 1950,
    50: 209-232.  1* refs.  Abstracted in:
    Excerpta med., S*ct. 5, 1951, 4:  No.  1577.

2844
  Collazo, J. A.,  Rubino, P.  and Varela,  B.
    DIE ROLLE DES  VITAMINS D Full DIE  REGENE-
    RATION DES KNOCHENGEWEBES UND DIE CAL-
    LUSBILDUNG BEI EXPERIMENTELLEN FRAKTUREN.
    Arch. klin. Chir.,  1930,  JJj8: 214-223.
    15 refs.  Abstracted in:  J.  Bone  Surg.,
    1930, 12: 704; Biol. Abstr., Bait.,  1931,
    5: No."T0862.

2845
  De Does, J. J.,  Gorter, E.  and Seeder,  W.  A.
    EEN ORJECTIEVE METH0DE 0M IN VIVO HET KALK-
    GEHALTE VAN HET BEENSTELSEL  TE BEPALEN,  IN
    HET BIJZONDER  BIJ RACHITIS.   Ned. tschr.
    geneesk., 1933, 77:  25-31.   pi.  French  and
    English summaries.   Abstracted in: Chem.
    Abstr., 1933,  27: 2466.  "We found by this
    method that during the recovery from  rick-
    ets, there is  not only an increase of the
    calcium amount, but  also  a displacement  of
    the calcium concentration at the  epiphysi-
    cal borderline."
2846
  Dikshit, P. K.  and Patwardhan,  V.  N.   MODE  OF
    ACTION OF VITAMIN D.  ITS EFFECT  ON  THE  CAL-
    CIFYING OF RACHITIC EPIPHYSES.   Indian  J
    M. Sc, 1952,  6: 107-116.   Abstracted in-
    Chem.  Abstr.,  1952, 46:  11369b.

2847
  Dikshit, P. K.  and Patwardhan,  V.  N.   STUDIES
    IN EXPERIMENTAL RICKETS.  THE ALKALINE  SERUM
    PHOSPHATASE IN RACHITIC ALBINO RATS.  Indian
    J. M.  Res., 1947, 35: 91-99.   20 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in:  Chem.Tbstr.,  1948, 42: 5109c.
2848
  Dikshit, P. K. and Patwardhan,  V.N.   STUDIES
    IN EXPERIMENTAL RICKETS.  THE CHANGES IN
    THE IONIC PRODUCTS OF CALCIUM PHOSPHATES
    AND THE SERUM ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE  WITH
    THE ONSET, PROGRESS AND HEALING OF  RICKETS.
    Indian J. M. Res., 1946, 34:  263-272.  2 pi
    20 refs.  Abstracted in: Nutrit. Abstr.,
    Aberdeen, 1947-48, 17: No. 771.
2840
  Causeret, J.  LA VITAMINE  D,  FACTEUR DE  REGU-
    LATION DU POUVOIR PHYSIOLOGIQUE  DE FIXATION
    DU CALCIUM.  C.  rend. Acad,  sc.,  1953,  237:
    104-106.  5 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.
    Abstr., 1953, 47: 12542f.

2841
  Champeau, M. F. and Lecoq, R.  TABLEAU HISTO-
    LOGIQUE DES LESIONS OSSEUSES DU  RACHITISME
    EXPERIMENTAL CHEZ LE RAT.   C. rend. Soc
    biol., 1947, 141: 993-994.   Abstracted  in:
    Nutrit. Abstr.,  Aberdeen, 1948-49, 18:  I*.
    392.

2842
  Cohn,  W. E.  and Greenberg, D.  M.   STUDIES IN
    MINERAL METABOLISM WITH THE  AID  OF ARTIFICIAL
    RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES.  III.  THE  INFLUENCE OF
    VITAMIN D ON THE PHOSPHORUS  METABOLISM OF
    RACHITIC RATS.   J.  Biol. Chem.,  1939, 130;
    625-634.   20 refs.   "...results  brought out
    in this work indicate that a speeding up of
    the  organic phosphorus' metabolism through
    the  agency of vitamin D may be an important
    factor in  the mineralization of bone."
2849
  Dodds, G. S. and Cameron, H. C.  THE SO-CALLED
    METAPLASIA OF THE CARTILAGE.  REMNANTS IN
    THE RACHITIC METAPHYSIS.  Anat. Rec., 1935,
    61: Suppl., p. 14.  An abstract.
2850
  Dodds, G. S. and Cameron, H. C.  STUDIES ON
    EXPERIMENTAL RICKETS IN RATS.  I. STRUC-
    TURAL MODIFICATIONS OF THE EPIPHYSEAL CAR-
    TILAGES IN THE TIBIA AND OTHER BONES.  Am.
    J. Anat., 1934, 55: 135-160.  3 pi.  8
    refs.  A detailed-histological description
    of changes found in the bones of rats on
    normal and rickets-producing diets.

2851
  Dodds, G. S. and Cameron, H. C.  STUDIES ON EX-
    PERIMENTAL RICKETS IN RATS.  II. THE HEALING
    PROCESS IN THE HEAD OF THE TIBIA AND OTHER
    BONES.  Am. J. Path., 1938, 14: 273-296.  6
    pi.  10 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1938, 12: No. 7265.  Detailed de-
    scription of healing process studied by
    hematoxylin sections, silver preparations
    and fr#qpent X-ray photographs. 
160
VITAMIN INFLUENCE - VITAMIN D (Continued)
2852 •
  Dodds, G. S. and Cameron, H. C.  STUDIES ON
    EXPERIMENTAL RICKETS IN RATS.  III. THE BE-
    HAVIOR AND FATE OF THE CARTILAGE REMNANTS
    IN THE RACHITIC METAPHYSIS.  Am. J. Path.,
    1939, 15: 723-740.  2 pi.  10 refs.  Ab-
    stracte**" in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1940, 14:
    No. 4794.

2853
  Dodds, G. S. and Cameron, H. C.  STUDIES ON
    EXPERIMENTAL RICKETS IN RATS.  IV. THE RE-
    LATION OF RICKETS TO GROWTH, WITH SPECIAL
    REFERENCE TO THE BONES.  Am. J. Path.,
    1943, 19: 169-185.  27 refs.  Abstracted
    in: BioT. Abstr., Bait., 1943, 17: No.
    13679.  The progress of rickets and the
    growth of bones are traced by roentgeno-
    grams .

2854
  Dolfini, G. and Robuschi, L.  ULTERIORE CON-
    TRIBUTO SULL'AZIONE DELL'ERGOSTERINA IRRA-
    DIATA NELL'OSTEOPATIA DA STRONZIO.  Atti
    1st. venet. sc., 1930-1931, 90: 1087-1106.
    3 pi.  21 refs.

2855
 ♦Edel, V.  RACHITISME CHRONIQUE EXPERIMENTAL.
    C. rend. Soc. biol., 1939, 131: 275-277.
    Abstracted in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,
    1939-40, 9: No. 3290.

2856
  Fernando, C. and Bruno, B.   INFLUENZA DELLA
    LUCE SULL'AZIONE ANTIRACHITICA DEL FOSFORO.
    Boll. Soc. ital. biol. sper., 1938, 13:
    164-166.  Abstracted in: Nutrit. Abstr.,
    Aberdeen, 1938-39, 8: No.  2167.
2857
  Fischmann, C. F.  TISSUE CULTURE EXPERIMENTS
    ON THE INFLUENCE OF VITAMIN D ON OSSIFICA-
    TION.  Arch. exp. Zellforsch., 1937,  19:
    211.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,  193*7,
    31: 86188.
2858
  Follis, R. H., Jr.  GLYCOGEN IN RACHITIC CAR-
    TILAGE AND ITS RELATION TO HEALING.   Proc.
    Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y.,  1949, 71:  441-443.
    13 refs.  Abstracted in:  Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1950, 24: No. 9505; Chem.  Abstr.,
    1949, 43: 80381".
2859
  Freeman,  S.  and McLean,  F.  C.   EXPERIMENTAL
    RICKETS,  BLOOD AND TISSUE CHANGES  IN PUP-
    PIES RECEIVING A DIET VERY LOW IN  PHOS-
    PHORUS,  WITH AND WITHOUT  VITAMIN D.   Arch.
    Path.,  Chic, 1941,  32: 387-408.   21 refs.
2860
  Freund, E.  BEHAVIOR OF JOINT CARTILAGE IN LATE
    RICKETS.  CONTRIBUTION TO THE QUESTION OF
    ATROPHY OF CARTILAGE.  Arch. Surg., 1938,
    37:  470-489.  7 refs.
2861
  Garcia, I.  VARIATIONS DU RAPPORT: PHOSPHORE/
    AZOJE (P/N) DE L'OS AU COURS DU RACHITISME
    EXPERIMENTAL CHEZ LE RAT.  C. rend. Soc.
    biol., 1935, nj}: 109-111.  1 ref.  Ab-
    stracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1935, 29: 51569.
2362
  Garcia-Valdecasas, F., Kapff, J. and. Salva,
    J. A.  EFECTOS DE LA ADMINISTRACION PRO-
    LONGADA DE CALCIFEROL.  Arch. Inst. farm.
    exp., Madr., 1951, 3: 82-87.  8 refs.
    Abstracted in:  Chem. Abstr., 1952, 46:
    3126f.
2863
 ♦Glanzmann, E., Meier, K. and Uehlinger, E.
    EXPERIMENTELLE UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER CALCIUM
    SULFAT.  RACHITIS BEI RATTEN UND IHRE
    BEEINFLUSSUNG DURCH DEN VITAMIN-D STOSS.
    Zschr. Vitaminforsch., Bern, 1946, 17:  131-
    142.  Abstracted in- Chem. Abstr., T9"47,
    41: 5932S.
2864
  Glanzmann, E., Meier, K. and Walthard, B.
    gXPERIMENTELLE UND KLINISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN
    UBER VERHUTUNG UND HEILUNG DER RACHITIS
    DURCH ZITRONENSAURE.  Zschr. Vitaminforsch.,
    Bern, 1946, 17: 159-206.  21 refs.

2865
  Gordonoff, T. and Minder, W.  LE RACHITISME,
    LA VITAMINE D ET L'ACIDE CITRIQUE.  J.
    physiol., Par., 1952, 44: 591-593.  8 refs.
    Abstracted in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,
    1953, 23: No..1522.

2866
  Gordonoff, T. and Minder, W.  VERSUCHE MIT
    DEM CALZIUMISOTOP 45<"A AN RACHITISCHEN UND
    MIT ZITRONENSAURE GEHEILTEN RATTEN.
    Internat. Zschr. Vitaminforsch., Bern,
    1951, 23: 16-21.  7 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Excerpta med., Sect. 2, 1952, 5: No. 5819.

2867
  Gordonoff, T. and Minder, W.  VERSUCHE MIT DEM
    KALZIUMISOTOP 45ca AN RACHITISCHEN UND MIT
    VITAMIN D GEHEILTEN RATTEN.  2. MITTEILUNG:
    Internat. Zschr. Vitaminforsch., Bern, 1952,
    23: 504-507.  3 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.
    Abstr., 1952, 46: 9179b.
2868
  Grauer,  R.  C.   THE EFFECT OF VIOSTEROL ON
    THE PERIOSTEUM IN EXPERIMENTAL FRACTURES.
    Arch.  Surg., 1932, 25: 1035-1054.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol. ATSstr . , Bait., 1934, 8:
    No. 9599; Chem. Abstr., 1933, 27: 1946.
2869
  Grauer, R. C.  PRODUCTION OF OSTEITIS FIBROSA
    WITH OVERDOSES OF VITAMIN D.  Proc. Soc.
    Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1932, 29: 466-467.
2870
  Gubner, R.  THE METABOLIC BACKGROUND OF
    RICKETS; AN INTERPRETIVE REVIEW.  N.
    England J. M., 1937, 216: 879-887.  93
    refs.
Ham, A. W. and Lewis, M. D.  HYPERVITAMINOSIS
  D RICKETS; THE ACTION OF VITAMIN D.  Brit.
  J. Exp. Path., 1934, 15: 228-234. 16 refs.
2872
  Hamilton, B. and Highman, W. J., Jr.  THE
    CHANGES IN TOTAL CALCIUM CONTENT OF THE
    BONES DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF RICKETS.
    J. Nutrit., 1938, 15: 177-186. 14 refs.
    Abstracted in: BioTT Abstr., Bait., 1938,
    12: No. 3165; Chem. Abstr., 1938, 32-
    5~*504.                            —'

2873
  Hamperl, H.  DIE ANATOMISCHEN GRUNDLAGEN UND
    DIE ENTSTEHUNG DER SOG.  QUERSCHATTEN IN
    DEN METAPHYSEN WACHSENDER KNOCHEN.  Zschr
    Kinderh., 1934, 56: 324-337.  47 refs.
    From radiologicaT~and histological studies
    of the growing bones of 3 human subjects it
    was concluded that the observed metaphyseal
    striations were due to faulty ossification
    This was believed to result from overdosage
    of phosphorus, arsenic, lead, vitamin D or
    from congenita. 
161
VITAMIN INFLUENCE - VITAMIN D  (Continued)
2874
  Harrison, H. E. and Harrison, H  C   THE UP-
    TAKE OF RADIOCALCIUM BY THE SKELETON- THE
    EFFECT OF VITAMIN D AND CALCIUM INTAKE   J
    Biol. Chem., 1950, 185: 857-867.  8 refs.
    Abstracted in: BiolTTfbstr., Bait , 1951
    25: No. 7493; Chem. Abstr., 1950,'44:
    T5868h.  Findings indicate  that bone cal-
    cium is rapidly exchanged with body fluid
    calcium, that the rate of turnover of
    skeletal calcium is increased by  admini-
    stration of vitamin D, and  that the ex-
    change of calcium between skeleton and body
    fluids is slower in older rats.   Because
    of the rapid exchange of calcium, the up-
    take of Ca45 by the bones cannot  be taken
    as a measure of new bone formation
2875
  Henry, K. M. and Kon, S. K.   THE RELATIONSHIP
    BETWEEN CALCIUM RETENTION AND BODY STORES OF
    CALCIUM IN THE RAT: EFFECT  OF AGE AND OF
    VITAMIN D.  Brit. J. Nutrit., 1953, 7: 147-
    159.  36 refs.  Abstracted  in: Chem."Abstr.,
    1953, 47: 7050h.  A description,  with de-
    tailed tables, of experiments with 3 groups
    of litter-mate male rats fed diets contain-
    ing different levels of Ca  and P  and regu-
    lar amounts of cod liver oil.  Results
    showed that Ca retention decreased in all
    groups as the animals aged.  Bone analyses
    indicated that the calcification  rate
    initially depends on the calcium  content of
    the diet but that calcification in year
    old rats  is similar in all  groups.  It is
    suggested that before calcification is com-
    plete, Ca retention from a  low Ca diet is
    influenced by the animals'  body store.  A
    second experiment, in which the various
    Ca and P  level diets were supplemented, or
    not supplemented, by vitamin D is con-
    sidered proof that vitamin  D had  no effect
    on Ca metabolism in rats.
2876
  Hurni, H.  VERGLEICHENDE UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER
    DIE ANTIRACHITISCHE WIRKSAMKEIT VON VITAMIN
    D UND ZITRONENSAURE AUF DIE EXPERIMENTELLE
    RATTENRACHITIS.  Internat.  Zschr. Vitamin-
    forsch., Bern, 1948, 20: 216-228.  pi.  6
    refs.
2877
  Itoh, M.  UBER DIE VERANDERUNGEN DER HART-
    GEWEBE UND INNERSEKRETORISCHEN DRlJSEN DURCH
    WIEDERHOLTE UBERDOSIERUNG VON VITAMIN-D.
    Tr. Soc. path, jap., 1938,  28: 493-499.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1939, 33:
    21913.
2878
  Jansen, B. C. P.  THE NECESSITY OF  VITAMIN D
    IN OLD AGE.  Rev. med. Li"3ge, 1950, 5: 667-
    669.  1 ref.  Abstracted in: Excerpta med.,
    Sect. 2, 1951, 4: No. 3328.
2879
  Jones, J. H.  THE PRODUCTION  OF HYPERCALCEMIA
    WITH SMALL AMOUNTS OF VITAMIN D.  J. Nutrit.,
    1944, 28: 7-16.  15 refs.   Study  was with
    rats on-various experimental diets.  Calci-
    um of sera was analyzed, the wrist bone ex-
    amined for development of rickets, and per-
    centage ash of the lipoid free bone of the
    femur determined.  Data  obtained support
    the view that vitamin D increases absorption
    of calcium from the intestines, and, serve
    to emphasize the importance of the calcium-
    phosphorus product of the serum in calcifi-
    cation .
2880
  Jones, J. H. and Robson, G. M.  THE EFFECT OF
    LARGE DOSES OF IRRADIATED ERGOSTEROL UPON
    THE ASH CONTENT OF THE FEMORA OF  YOUNG AND
    ADULT RATS.  J. Biol. Chem., 1931, 91: 43-
    56.  10 refs.  Abstracted in: Biol."Abstr.,
    Bait., 1933, 7: No. 10548;  Chem. Abstr.,
    1931, 25: 3697.  "Irradiated ergosterol in
    extremely toxic doses has no specific ac-
    tion which results in actually withdrawing
    calcium salts from bone comparable to its
    ossifying action when given in therapeutic
    doses."
2881
  Jones,  J. H.  and Robson,  G.  M.   THE EFFECT
    OF OVERDOSES OF IRRADIATED ERGOSTEROL,  AD-
    MINISTERED  FOR APPROXIMATELY TWO MONTHS,  ON
    THE COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF THE BONES
    OF RATS. Am. J. Physiol., 1933, 103:  338-
    350.   pi.  9 refs.   Abstracted in:  Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1934, 8:  No. 5625; Chem.
    Abstr., 1933, 27:  2713.

2882
 ♦Kanazawa, K.   [FAT AT THE ENDOCHONDRAL SITE
    OF OSSIFICATION IN RICKETS AND OSTEOMALACIA]
    Mitt. path. Inst.  Niigata Med. Fakultat,
    1932, 25: 1-9.  In German.  Abstracted  in:
    Chem. Abstr., 1939, 33:  54596.  "In clinical
    cases and in experimental rickets in rab-
    bits, the fat in the hydrophilic zone of
    ossification increased as the disease be-
    came worse  and diminished as the disease
    improved."  - Chem.  Abstr.
2883
  Karshan, M. and Rosebury,  T.  CORRELATION OF
    CHEMICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN TEETH
    AND BONES ON RACHITIC AND NON-RACHITIC  DIETS.
    J. Dent. Res.; 1933, 13:  305-310.  5 refs.
    Abstracted  in: Nutrit.  Abstr., Aberdeen,
    1933-34, 3: No. 3486; Chem. Abstr.,  1933,
    27: 5379.

2884
  Kollath, W.  DAS WACHSTUMSPROBLEM UND  DIE FRAGE
    DES ZELLERSATZES IN DER VITAMINFORSCHUNG.
    VIII.  MITTEILUNG:  UBER DIE UNSPEZIFISCHEN
    GRUNDLAGEN  DER RACHITIS UND DER RACHITISAHN-
    LICHEN KRANKHEITEN: KNOCHEN.   (VERSUCH  25-
    42).   Arch. exp. Path.,  Lpz.,  1933,  170:
    635-665.  1 ref.

2885
  Kollath, W.  DAS WACHSTUMSPROBLEM UND  DIE FRAGE
    DES ZELLERSATZES IN DER VITAMINFORSCHUNG.
    IX. MITTEILUNG: UBER DIE UNSPEZIFISCHEN
    GRUNDLAGEN  DER RACHITIS UND RACHITISXHN-
    LICHEN KRANKHEITEN: KNORPEL.   (VERSUCH  43-
    46).   Arch. exp. Path.,  Lpz.,  1933,  170:
    666-682.  64 refs.

2886
  Kotrnetz, H.  and Weiss, 0   BEEINFLUSSUNG
    DER CALLUSBILDUNG DURCH A.T.10.  Klin.
    Wschr., 1937, 16:  1469-1471.   11 refs.
    Abstracted  in: Nutrit.  Abstr., Aberdeen,
    1937-38, 7: No. 4683.  Roentgenological
    observations.

2887
  Kraemer, V. von, Landtman,  B. and Simola,
    P. E.  IN VITRO STUDIES ON ROLE OF VITAMIN
    D IN METABOLISM OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS
    IN RAT BONES.  Acta physiol.  scand., 1940,
    1: 285-298.  8 refs.

2888
  Kramer, B., Shear, M. J. and Siegel,  J.  COM-
    POSITION OF BONE.  X. MECHANISM OF HEALING
    IN EXPERIMENTAL RICKETS.  Acta paediat.,
    Upps., 1930, 11: 350-352.  2 refs.

2889
  Latta,  J. S.  and Tristan,  T. A.   ALTERATIONS
    IN LONG BONES OF YOUNG ALBINO RATS  INDUCED
    BY DIHYDROTACHYSTEROL (HYTAKEROL).   Proc.
    Soc.  Exp. Biol., N. Y.,  1950,  75: 403-408.
    13 refs. Abstracted in:  NutritT Abstr.,
    Aberdeen, 1950-51,  20:  No. 4927.  The
    histological alterations described  in this
    report are  considered the result of direct
    action of dihydrotachysterol causing a re-
    moval of calcium from bone.

2890
  Lindquist, B.  EFFECT OF VITAMIN D ON THE
    METABOLISM OF RADIOCALCIUM IN  RACHITIC RATS.
    Acta paediat., Upps., 1952, 41:  Suppl. 86.
    82p.  pi.  Approx.  85 refs. 
VITAMIN T.-.FT rjKCE - VITAMIN D  (Continued)
162
2891
  Lund, A. i>. and Armstrong, W. D.  THE EFFECT
    OF A LOW CALCIUM AND VITAMIN D FREE DIET ON
    THE STELETON AND TEETH OF ADULT RATS.  J.
    Dent. Res., 1942, 21: 513-518.  14 refs.
    Abstracted in: EioTT Abstr., Bait., 1943,
    17: Ho. 23949,  Studies of the effect of
    "Hie diet on the calcium-phosphorus balance
    and on the composition of bones and teeth
    indicated that bone substance was lost from
    the Interior of the bone without loss from
    the surface and that the ainexal and or-
    ganic phases were proportionately decreased
    In the osteoporetic bone.

2892
  Lund, A. P. and Armstrong, W. D.  EFFECT OF
    LOW-CALCIUM AND VITAMIN D-DEFICIENT DIET ON
    BONES AND TEETH OF MATURE RATS.  Proc. Soc.
    Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1942, 50: 363-365.  3
    refs.' "The average volume of the humeri of
    the experimental animals did not differ
    from that of the controls but the average
    density of the bones of the former animals
    was 10.8% less than that of the controls.

2893
  McGowan, J. P.  SOME OBSERVATIONS ON RICKETS,
    WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO  ITS OCCURRENCE  IN
    PIGS.  Brit. M. J., 1933,  II_: 599-602.  25
    refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1935, 9: No. 6970.

2894
  McLean, F. C.  THE PATHOGENESIS OF RICKETS.
    Tr. Ass. Am. Physicians, 1936,  5J.: 144-147.
    6  refs.  Observations "have led us to  the
    working  hypothesis that calcification  oc-
    curs  in  two steps, first,  formation of a
    colloidal complex of calcium and phosphate
    in the fluids of the body;  and  second,
    deposition of this substance, aided by some
    specific process analogous  to adsorption.
    In typical rickets only the first of these
    two steps  is at  fault..."

2895
  Malmberg.  N.  OCCURENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF
    EARLY PERIOSTEAL PROLIFERATION  IN THE DIA-
    PHYSES OF PREMATURE INFANTS.  Acta paediat.,
    Upps., 1945, 32: 626-633.  pi.  5 refs.
    The periosteal proliferation at the diaphy-
    sis of the long bones of the majority of
    prematurely born infants, which may be seen
    by roentgen examination at 4-6 weeks of age,
    are thought to be due to vitamin D defi-
    ciency and to be early evidence of rickets.
    Data are presented to support this view.

2896
  Marek,  J., Wellmann, O. and Urbanyi, L.
    CHEMISCHER AUFBAU DER KNOCHENSALZE BEI
    GESUNDEN UND BEI RACHITISCHEN TIEREN.
    Hoppe Seyler Zschr., 1934,  226: 3-17.  17
    refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
                                       1934, 28:
                Biol.  Abstr
10:  No. 18325; Chem. Abstr
    1936.
    61779.*""
2897
 ♦Marek, J., Wellmann, 0. and Urbanyi, L.  [SUM-
    MARY OF THE NATURE OF RHACHITIS AND SIMILAR
    BONE DISEASES, WITH RESPECT TO RECENT IN-
    VESTIGATIONS]  Acta vet. hung., 1949, 1: 47-
    61.  49 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,
    1951, 45: 1212b.
2898
  Marek. J., Wellmann, 0. and Urbfnyi, L.
    tovAbbi VIZSGALATOK AZ ANG0LK0RR0L £S A
    CSONTLAgYNLAsROL.  Allatorv. lap., 1938,
    61: 75-79.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,
    19*38, 32: 41971.

  Marek, J., Wellmann, 0. and Urbanyi, L.
    UNTERSUCHUNGEN f*BER RACHITIS UND VERWANDTE.
    KN0CHENERKRANKUNGEN.  III. MITTEILUNG. VER-
    SUCHE AN HUNDEN.  Arch. wiss. prakt. Tierh.,
    1939  74- 421-432.  Abstracted in: Nutrit.
    Abstr."""Aberdeen, 1939-40, 9: No. 2856.
2900
  Mascherpa, p. and Lusignani, G.  AZIONE ASS0-
    CIATA DEL FLUORURO DI SODIO E DELLA VITAMINA
    D SU ALCUNI COMPONENTI CHIMICI DELLE OSSA.
    Boll. Soc. ital. biol. sper., 1936, 11: 720-
    723.  10 refs.  Abstracted in: NutriTT
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 1937-38, 7: No. 250.

2901
  Mellanby, E.  A STORY OF NUTRITIONAL RESEARCH.
    THE EFFECT OF SOME DIETARY FACTORS ON BONES
    AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.  454p.  Baltimore,
    Williams & Wilkins, 1950.  Refs.: p. 200-203,
    437-440.  Abstracted  in: Nutrit. Abstr.,
    Aberdeen,  1950-51, 20: No. 3018.  The author
    interprets the  functions of  "these two in-
    separables, vitamins  A and D...  First vita-
    min A controls, or at least  influences, the
    activity of the osteoblasts  which lay down
    the soft bone matrix.  Vitamin D then at-
    tends to the calcification of this osteoid
    tissue, and finally vitamin  A again steps
    in and  sees that any  superfluous calcified
    bone is removed by osteoclastic action and
    that the bone shape is correct."

2902
  Meyer zu Hbrste, G.  DIE VERKALKUNG RACHITI-
    SCHEN RATTENKNORPELS  IN VITRO UNTER VER-
    SCHIEDENEN BEDINGUNGEN.  Mschr. Kinderh.,
    1930, 48:  6-8.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,
    1932, *25:  3011.

2903
  Meyer zu Hbrste, G.  VERKALKUNGS VERSUCHE IN
    VITRO.  ERSTE MITTEILUNG: DIE VERKALKUNG
    RACHITISCHEN RATTENKNORPELS  IN EINER
    ANORGANISCHEN SALZLOSUNG.  Jahrb. Kinderh.,
    1931, 131: 203-215.   38 refs.  Abstracted
    in: BioTT Abstr., Bait., 1932, 6: No. 22275;
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1931-32, 1: No.
    697.

2904
  Migicovsky,  B.  B. and Emslie, A. R. G.  DE-
    POSITION OF RADIOACTIVE CALCIUM IN RACHITIC
    AND NON-RACHITIC CHICK TIBIA FROM ORAL AND
    INTRAMUSCULAR DOSES OF CA45.  Arch. Biochem.,
    N. Y.,  1950,  28: 324-328.  5 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in:  C*fiem.  Abstr., 1951, 45: 5780*.
    "Experiments  on the deposition of"calcium
    in rachitic and nonrachitic chick tibia
    from oral and intramuscular doses indicate
    that vitamin  D does not exert a direct ef-
    fect on the mineralization of bones of
    chicks."

2905
  Migicovsky, B.  B. and Emslie, A. R. G.  IN-
    TERACTION OF CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS, AND VITA-
    MIN D.   I. INFLUENCE  OF DIETARY CALCIUM AND
    PHOSPHORUS ON BODY WEIGHT AND BONE ASH OF
    CHICKS.  Arch. Biochem., N. Y., 1947  13;
    175-183.  9 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem
    Abstr., 1947, 41: 6313a; Nutrit. Abstr.,
    Aberdeen,  1947-"""*8,  17: No. 3160.

2906
  Migicovsky,  B.  B.  and Emslie,  A  R  G   IN-
    TERACTION OF  CALCIUM,  PHOSPHORUS"AND VITA-
    MIN D.   II. THE RACHITOGENIC INDEX.  Arch
    Biochem.,  N.  Y., 1947, 13:  185-189.  5 refs
    ^£rJ2te?,ia:  Nutrit- ABstr., Aberdeen,
    1947-48, 17:  No. 3160.                 '

2907
  Migicovsky,  B.  B.  and Emslie,  A  R  G   IN-
    TERACTION  OF  CALCIUM,  PHOSPHORUS'AND VITA-
    MIN D.   III.  STUDY  OF MODE OF ACTION OF
    VITAMIN D  USING CA45.   Arch  Biochem
    N. Y.,  1949,  20: 325-330.   5 refs.   Ab-
    stracted in:  BTol.  Abstr.,  Bait.,  1949
    23:  No.  18151;  Nuclear Sc.  Abstr'.,  1949
    *Z7 No.  1461.   Results lead the authors '
    to conclude that the effect of vitamin D
    on the  mineralization of bone is indirect
    in that it  prevents the solution of bone 
VITAMIN INFLUENCE - VITAMIN D  (Continued)
163
2908
  Migicovsky, B. B.  and  Nielson, A.  M.   CALCIUM
    ABSORPTION AND VITAMIN D IN THE  CHICK
    Arch. Biochem.,  N. Y.,  1951, 34-  105-111
    9 refs.  Abstracted  in:  Biol .Tbstr. ,  Bait.,
    1952, 26: No. 8296;  Chem.  Abstr.,  1952, 46-
    11366d.                                ' —"

2909
  Morgan, A. F   RELATION OF DIET  TO HEALTH
    J. Am. Dent. Ass.,  1935, 22: 1465-1477?
    28 refs.  Abstracted in: BTol. Abstr
    Bait., 1937, JJ.:  No. 631.
2910
  Morgan, A. F., Axelrod,  H. E. and  Groody, M
    THE EFFECT OF A  SINGLE MASSIVE DOSE  OF
    VITAMIN D2 ON YOUNG  DOGS.   Am. J.  Physiol.,
    1947, 149: 333-339.   17 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Chem. Abstr.,  1947,  41: 51906.   Remote
    rather than  immediate effects  of single
    massive doses of vitamin D2 were studied  in
    this experiment.   Malocclusion,  pitting,  ir-
    regular placing  and  poor development of the
    teeth were seen  in all the dogs.  Extensive
    calcification was found in lungs;  moderate
    calcification in hearts and kidneys  of all
    animals.
2911
  Morgan, A. F., Shimotori,  N. and Hendricks,
    J. B.  PROGRESS  OF HYPERVITAMINOSES  D2 AND
    D3 AND RECOVERY  IN RATS, AS AFFECTED BY
    DIETARY CALCIUM  AND  PHOSPHORUS AND VITAMIN
    A.  J. Biol. Chem.,  1940,  134: 761-779.
    19 refs.                   ---
2912
  Morelle, J.  INFLUENCE DE LA VITAMINE  D SUR
    LA CONSOLIDATION DES FRACTURES EXPERI-
    MENTALES.  Rev.  beige sc.  med.,  1933,  5:
    481-530.  4  pi.   183 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1935, 9: No.  2786.
2913
  Morelle, J.  MUTATIONS CALCIQUES DANS  LA
    GUfiRISON DU  RACHITISME EXPERIMENTAL.   Rev.
    beige sc. m§d.,  1931,  3:  874-882.  3  pi.
    9 refs.  Abstracted  in:  Biol. Abstr.,
    Bait., 1933, 7:  No.  5997.
2914
  Morgareidge, K. and  Manly,  M. L.   SIMULTANEOUS
    APPEARANCE OF A  POSITIVE LINE TEST AND
    RADIOACTIVE  PHOSPHATE DEPOSITION IN  THE
    RACHITIC RAT METAPHYSIS.   J. Nutrit.,  1939,
    18: 411-421.  pi.  16 refs. Abstracted in:
    BTol. Abstr., Bait., 1940, 14: No. 496;
    Chem. Abstr., 1940,  34:  476*37  "The  data
    show that vitamin  D  Has  no influence  on the
    entrance of  phosphorus into the  diaphyseal
    portion of the tibia.   In  the metaphysis,
    however, the healing produced by the  vita-
    min... occurs concomitantly with a signifi-
    cant increase in  the content of  radioactive
    phosphorus."
2915
  Mouriquand,  G.  and Edel, V.   TROUBLES DE LA
    CALCIFICATION COMPARES DANS LE RACHITISME
    ET DANS LE SCORBUT.   (DONNEES RADI0L0GI-
    QUES).   Internat. Zschr. Vitaminforsch.,
    Bern,  1949,  20:  392-399.   Also in: Rev.
    rhumat.,  Par.,  1949, 16: 65-67.  Ab-
    stracted  in:  Excerpta med., Sect. 9,
    1951,  5:  No.  3226; Chem. Abstr.,  1949,
    43:  629"5b.

2916
  Muracciole,  J.  C.   ACCION DE LA VITAMINA D2
    SOBRE LA CALCIFICACION DEL DIENTE DE RATA.
    Rev. odont.,  B. Air., 1953, 41:  60-62.  3
    refs.  White  rats were injected with high
    doses of .vitamin  D2 for the purpose of
    studying the  action of this vitamin on den-
    tal structures.   Results showed a highly
    calcified dentine easily discernable  on the
    growing incisors  and  a fine line  of dentine
    on the molars more highly calcified near the
    pulp sockets.  These  findings were inter-
    preted as indicating  that the deposit of cal-
    cium salts in the  dental  structure is favored
    by high doses of  vitamin  D2.
2917
  Murao, S.  EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE PRO-
    DUCTION OF RICKETS.  OCCURRENCE OF RICKETS
    WITH GALL0STER0L AS THE VITAMIN A SOURCE
    AND WITH NORMAL PHOSPHORUS AND CALCIUM CON-
    TENTS OF THE SALT MIXTURE.  J. Biochem.,
    Tokyo, 1936, 23: 71-90.  pi.  15 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: PBem. Abstr., 1936, 30: 3034**.

2918
  Nakajima, T., Sugita, T. and Watanabe, T.  [ON
    THE INFLUENCE OF THE FEED UPON BONES.  III.
    INFLUENCE OF COD-LIVER OIL ON THE COMPOSI-
    TION AND STRUCTURE OF THE BONES]  Jap. J.
    Vet. Sc, 1951, 13: 183-190.  pi.  14 refs.
    English summary.
2919
  Nicolaysen, R.  A NOTE ON THE CALCIUM AND
    PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENTS OF RACHITIC RATS.
    Biochem. J., Lond., 1937, 31:  105-106.  4
    refs.

2920
  Nicolaysen, R.  STUDIES UPON THE MODE OF AC-
    TION OF VITAMIN D.  I. INVESTIGATIONS UPON
    THE PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN MUSCLES, LIVER
    AND KIDNEYS AS INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT LE-
    VELS OF VITAMIN D AND PHOSPHORUS IN THE
    DIET.  Biochem. J., Lond., 1936, 30: 1329-
    1337.  15 refs.  Abstracted in:  Cnem.
    Abstr., 1936, 30: 83199.  A study on rachi-
    tic rats.

2921
  Nicolaysen, R.  VITAMIN D AND THE BONE FORMA-
    TION.  Acta paediat., Upps., 1939,  24: 368-
    372.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr.,  T939,  33:
    58922.  "Vitamin D influences the deposition
    of Ca and P in the bones by regulation of
    the absorption of these elements from the
    intestine only.  No direct action on the
    chemical composition has been observed."

2922
  Nicolaysen, R. and Jansen, J.  VITAMIN D AND
    BONE FORMATION IN RATS.  Acta paediat.,
    Upps., 1939, 23: 405-433.  Abstracted in:
    Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1939-40,  9: No.
    2854.  "... the degree of calcification of
    the bones as indicated by chemical  analysis
    appeared to depend solely on the amounts of
    Ca and P absorbed and not on the presence or
    absence of vitamin D.  Histological examina-
    tion of the bones, however, seemed  to indi-
    cate that vitamin D influenced to some ex-
    tent the architecture of the bones."
    - Nutrit. Abstr.
2923
 ♦Nordfeldt, S.  STUDIES WITH RADIOACTIVE PHOS-
    PHORUS ON THE INFLUENCE OF VITAMIN  D ON
    PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM IN YOUNG PIGS.  Kgl.
    Lantbrukshogsk. Ann., 1949, 16:  114-126.
    Abstracted in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,
    1949-50, 19: No. 3326.  "It was  shown that
    most of tEe p32 appeared in the  bones and
    muscles; when vitamin D also was given, less
    p32 reached the muscles and liver and more
    reached the skeleton, while the content of
    p32 in the kidney, blood, faeces and urine
    was unaffected.  Under the influence of
    vitamin D the femur bone was more compact."
    - Nutrit. Abstr.

2924
  O'Brien, B. and Morgareidge, K.  RADIOGRAPHIC
    DEMONSTRATION OF PROTECTION BY VITAMIN D
    AGAINST METAPHYSEAL DECALCIFICATION IN ADULT
    RATS ON HIGH CALCIUM-LOW PHOSPHORUS DIET  J
    Nutrit., 1938, 16: 91-102.  5 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: BioT. Abstr., 1938, 12: No.
    12973; Chem. Abstr., 1938, 32: 796*8*9.  Adult
    rats fed a rachitogenic diet~for one year
    showed marked skeletal decalcification upon
    radiological and bone ash analyses.  Vitamin
    D administered during the last 18 weeks of
    the experiment improved, but did not com-
    pletely correct this condition. 
VITAMIN INFLUENCE - VITAMIN D (Continued)
164
2925
  Ortolani, M.  RACHITISMO SPERIMENTALE; IN-
    DAGINI ISTOLOGICHE E RADIOGRAFICHE.   Arch.
    1st. biochim. ital., 1931, 3:  435-478.  50
    refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,  Bait.,
    1933, 7: No. 21229.  Rachitic diets  pro-
    voked Bone lesions in white rats that were
    histologically very similar to those com-
    monly observed in human rickets.
  Ott, G. L. and Coombes, A. I.  RICKETS IN
    SILVER FOX PUPS.  Vet. Med., Chic, 1941,
    36: 232-205.  "The experimental production
    of rickets in silver fox pups is described,
    along with... the chemical analyses of the
    blood for serum calcium and inorganic phos-
    phorus content, and the total ash content
    of the bones."
2927
  Palmer, N. amd Mottram, J. C.  THE INFLUENCE
    OF PHYTIN AND OF FATS ON THE PRODUCTION OF
    RICKETS BY A CEREAL DIET.  Biochem. J.,
    Lond., 1939, 33: 512-515.  "The rachitogenic
    action of cereals does not reside in the
    phytin which they contain, for the reason
    that the addition of phytin instead of in-
    creasing this action reduces the rickets.
    The addition of a vegetable oil free from
    vitamin D does not prevent the occurrence
    of rickets resulting from a cereal diet..."

2928
  Park, 5. A.  OBSERVATIONS ON THE PATHOLOGY OF
    RICKETS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE
    CHANGES AT THE CARTILAGE-SHAFT JUNCTIONS OF
    THE GROWING BONES.  Harvey Lect., Bait.,
    1939, ser. 34, 157-213.  34 refs.  Also in:
    Bull. N. York Acad M., 1939, 15: 495-543.
    Changes were studied in sections of bones of
    rats at various stages of rickets and of in-
    fants and children coming to autopsy.

2929
  Patwardhan, V. N. and Sukhtankar, D. R.  THE
    MODE OF ACTION OF VITAMIN D.  Current Sc.,
    Bangalore, 1943, 12: 79.  5 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1943, 37: 57623.
    "Studies on experimental rickets TTn pup-
    pies) and clinical rickets show that the
    calcification at the epiphyses and the
    soly. products of CaHP04 are correlated.
    The critical values for the negative logs
    of the ionic products of [Cavt] X [HP04—]
    and [Ca+-13 X [PO4---l2 are 5.7 and 23.0
    respectively.  The corresponding values
    for rachitic children and vitamin D-defi-
    cient animals lie below the critical
    values." - Chem. Abstr.
2930
  Pierce, J. A.  THE REACTION OF THE EPIPHYSEAL
    CARTILAGE IN NORMAL AND RACHITIC RATS.  J.
    Biol. Chem., 1938, 124: 115-124.  12 refs.
    Abstracted in: ChemTTbstr. , 1938, 32: 63129.
    "No detectable difference was observed...
    and no evidence... found to support the
    theory of local acidosis as a cause of rick-
    ets or local alkalosis as an explanation for
    the normal localization of calcification."

2931
  Policard,  A., Pehu,  M. and Boucomont, J.
    RECHERCHES HISTOPATHOLOGIQUES SUR LE
    RACHITISME DANS LA PREMIERE ENFANCE.  I.
    LE TISSU CHONDROIDE.  Bull,  histol. appl.,
    Lyon,  1932, 9:  73-99.   8 refs.   Abstracted
    in: Biol. Abstr.,  Bait., 1934,  8: No. 3587.
    "Descriptions of and physical and micro-
    chemical tests on cartilage show that in
    rickets  the cells do not degenerate but
    increase into the zone of ossification;
    cartilage patterns are irregular; the
    matrix lacks minerals and becomes hydrated
    and physically more like white connective
    tissue." - Biol.  Abstr.
2932
  Policard, A., Pehu, M. and Boucomont, J.
    RECHERCHES HISTOPATHOLOGIQUES SUR LE
    RACHITISME DANS LA PREMIERE ENFANCE.
    II. LE TISSU OSTfiOIDE.  Bull, histol.
    appl., Lyon, 1932, 9: 226-246.  8 refs
    Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait.,
    1934, 8: No. 18044.  Description with
    histological and radiological studies
    of the osteoid tissue of the bones in
    rickets in early childhood.
2933
  Ramalingaswami, V., Sriramachari,  S., Dikshit
    P. K., Tulpule, P. G. and Patwardhan, V. N.
    MODE OF ACTION OF VITAMIN D.  HISTOCHEMICAL
    STUDY OF RACHITIC EPIPHYSEAL CARTILAGE DUR-
    ING HEALING IN ALBINO RAT.  Ind. J. M. Sc.,
    1954, 8: 509-516.  28 refs.
2934
 Roche, A.  and  Garcia,  I.  RECHERCHES SUR L'OS-
    SIFICATION.   II.  DYSTROPHIES  OSSEUSES CHEZ
    LE  RAT EN  CROISSANCE.   Bull.  Soc.  chim.
    biol., Par.,  1936,  18:  1027-1040.   pi.  9
    refs.  Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr.,  Bait.,
    1937, 11:  No.  18518; Chem. Abstr., 1936,
    30:  764*55.
2935
  Rogozinski, F.  0 KRZYWICY DOSWIADCZALNEJ.
    III. WPLYW CHLORKU AMONOWEGO NA WYMIANE
    MINERALNA SZCZURA KRZYWICZEGO.  SUR LE
    RACHITISME EXPERIMENTAL.   III. I,'INFLUENCE
    DU QHLORURE D'AMMONIUM SUR LE METABOLISME
    MINERAL DU RAT RACHITIQUE.  Bull,  internat.
    Acad, polon. sc., Ser. B.  Sc. natur.  (II),
    1931, 555-565.  pi.  5 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1934, 8: No.  8560.  In
    experiments on white rats rendered rachitic
    by Steenbock and Black's diet, it  was found
    that addition of ammonium chloride to the
    diet had no beneficial effect on mineral
    metabolism, nor on the ash content of the
    femurs.  These findings were established by
    radiographic examination, mineral  balance
    studies and chemical analysis.

2936
  Rominger, E.  PHYSIOLOGIE UND PATHOLOGIE DES
    D-VITAMINS.  Erg. Vitam. Hormonforsch.,
    1939, 2: 104-159.  Approx. 300 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen, 1939-
    40, 9: No. 244.

2937
  Rosenheim, A. H.  VARIABILITY IN THE ACTIVITY
    OF THE CALCIFYING MECHANISM IN THE BONES OF
    RACHITIC RATS.  Biochem. J., Lond., 1934,
    28: 708-711.  pi.  3 refs.  "The calcifying
    power of the cartilage in  the bones of ra-
    chitic rats varies with the rate of growth
    of the animals over a 3 to 4 week  period on
    a rachitogenic diet and decreases  as the
    period on the diet is increased."

2938
  Russell, W. C., Taylor, M. W. and Duncan,  M. T.
    BONE DEVELOPMENT IN NORMAL AND RACHITIC RATS.
    J. Nutrit., 1939, 18: 27-33.  4 refs.  Ab-
    stracted in: Biol."Abstr., Bait.,  1939,  13:
    No. 16543; Chem. Abstr., 1939, 33: 87084.

2939
  Schneider, H. and Steenbock, H.  A LOW PHOS-
    PHORUS DIET AND THE RESPONSE OF RATS TO
    VITAMIN D2.  J. Biol. Chem., 1939, 128: 159-
    171.  27 refs.  Calcium and phosphorus bal-
    ances and tissue
    brain) analyses
    by directing pho
    growing bone at
    sues  in rats on 
165
VITAMIN INFLUENCE  - VITAMIN D  (Continued)
2940

   ShSli'nA"  T"  4PHYSI0L0GY AND PATHOLOGY OF VITA-
    MIN  D.   J.  Am.  M.  Ass., 1938,  111:  614-619
    It ^ois Abstrac*ed in:  Chem."ABstr. ,  1938,
    jz:  »49io.   a review of the literature  on
    vitamin  D and rickets.

2941

   Shohl, A.  T.  and Wolbach. S  B   rtpkft«!  tn
    Sh^o™^-  THE EFFE" of^caEciuKigh
    PHOSPHORUS  DIETS AT VARIOUS LEVELS AND
    RATIOS UPON THE PRODUCTION OF RICKETS AND
    TETANY.   J. Nutrit., 1936, 11:  275-291.  22
    refs.  A histological study was made of
    bone .

2942
   Shohl, A.  T., Fan, C. H. and Farber,  S
    EFFECT OF A.T.  10 (DIHYDROTACHYSTEROL)  ON
    VARIOUS  TYPES OF EXPERIMENTAL RICKETS IN
    RATS.  Proc. Soc.  Exp. Biol.,  N. Y., 1939,
    42:  529-534.  4 refs.  "The effect of A.T.
    TO on prevention of rickets in rats differs
    according to the ricketogenic diet fed.
    Rickets  caused by high-calcium-low-phos-
    phorus diets was not prevented by a non-toxic
    amount of A.T.  10 which protected rats  fed
    low-calcium-high-phosphorus diets."

2943
   Shohl, A.  T., Goldblatt, H. and  Brown, H. B
    THE  PATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS  UPON RATS OF EXCESS
    IRRADIATED  ERGOSTEROL. J. Clin. Invest.,
    1930, 8: 505-531.   21 refs.  Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1931, 5:  No. 27681;
    Chem. Abstr., 1930, 24: 4327.   The bones
    were studied by roentgenograms and chemical
    analysis.

2944
   Siegel, L. , Allen,  R.  M. , McGuire, G.  and
    Falk, K.  G.   A  STUDY OF NORMAL AND  RACHITIC
    BONE STRUCTURE  BY MICROPHOTOGRAPHIC METHODS.
    Am.  J. Path., 1939,  15: 273-278.  4 pi.  6
    refs.  Abstracted  in:  Biol. Abstr.,  Bait.,
    1939, 13: No. 10877.

2945
   Soeur,  R.   DE L'EFFET DE L'ERGOSTEROL IRRADIE
    SUR  t.i OS.   Arch,  internat. mfid. exp., Par.,
    1931, 6:  365-386.   37 refs. Abstracted in:
    Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1933, 7:  No. 10859;
    Chem. Abstr., 1931,  25: 4585.

2946
   Soeur, R.   ETUDE  EXPERIMENTAL!! DE L'OS DANS
    L'INTOXICATION  PAR L'ERGOSTEROL IRRADlfi.
    Presse mgd.,  1931,  39:  1003-1005.  Ab-
    stracted  in:  Biol.  Abstr.,  Bait., 1932,  6:
    No.  18946.

2947
   Spitzer, R. R., Maruyama, G.,  Michaud, L.  and
    Phillips, P.  H.  THE ROLE  OF VITAMIN D  IN
    THE  UTILIZATION OF PHYTIN  PHOSPHORUS.   J.
    Nutrit.,   1948,  35:  185-193.  13 refs.
2948
   Stolzberg,   H.   WOHER STAMMEN DIE  BEI  DER  HEIL-
    UNG  DER  RACHITIS IN  DAS SKELET  EINGELAGERTEN
    KNOCHEN ERDEN?   Mschr.  Kinderh.,  1931,  51:
    205-219.   25  refs.
2949
   Tempestini, 0.  NUOVE  RICERCHE SUGLI EFFETTI
    SPERIMENTALI  DELLA SOMMINISTRAZIONE  DI  UNA
    ALTA DOSE DI VITAMINA  D2 NEI TESSUTI DENTALI
    E  PARADENTALI DEL  RATTO.   (RICERCHE  SPERI-
    MENTALI.)  Riv.  ital.  stomat.,  1952, 7:   373-
    410.   19  refs.
2950
  Theiler, A.  UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER DEN BAU
    NORMALER UND DURCH KALZIUM- UND  PHOS-
    PHORARME  NAHRUNG VErAnDERTER RINDERKNOCHEN.
    Schweiz.  Arch.  Tierh.,  1933, 75:  339-366.
    Abstracted in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,
    1933-34,  3:  No. 5082.
2951
  Theopold, W. and Hennig, W.  UBER CITRONENSAURE-
    CALCIUM-KOMPLEX-VERBINDUNGEN UND IHRE WIRKUNG
    AUF DIE TIERISCHE UND MENSCHLICHE RACHITIS.
    Mschr. Kinderh., 1950, 97: 462-468.  11 refs.
    Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1950, 44: 4555<".

2952
  Titze, G. and Sander, E.  UEBER DIE WIRKUNG
    DES VITAMIN D2, D3 UND AT. 10 AUF DIE
    KNOCHEN.  Mschr. Kinderh., 1944, 94: 307-
    324.  10 refs.

2953
  Tufano, A.  CALCEMIA E RAPPORTO "CA-P" NELLE
    FRATTURE SPERIMENTALI SOTTO L'AZIONE DELLA
    VITAMINA D2 IN DOSI "URTO".  Policlinico,
    1948, 55: 937-941.  12 refs.  Abstracted
    in: Chem. Abstr., 1952, 46: 4076b.

2954
  Tulpule, P. G. and Patwardhan, V. N.  MODE OF
    ACTION OF VITAMIN D.  THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN
    D DEFICIENCY IN THE RAT ON ANAEROBIC GLY-
    COLYSIS AND PYRUVATE OXIDATION BY EPIPHYSEAL
    CARTILAGE.  Biochem. J.,  Lond., 1954, 58:
    61-65.  22 refs.

2955
  Venar, Y. [A.] and Todd, T. W.  THE EFFICACY
    OF VITAMIN D ADMINISTRATION IN AQUEOUS PREPA-
    RATION.  J. Nutrit., 1934, 8: 553-568.  9
    refs.  Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1935,  29:
    4939; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1936, 10: No.
    20879.  "The administration of aqueous prepa-
    rations such as Aquasterol maintains or re-
    stores an approximate normal histological
    pattern in the growth area of bones despite
    severe pathological disturbances induced by
    a mineral-deficient diet in rats.  The ash
    content of the bones is also increased by
    the aqueous preparations."

2956
  Venar, Y. A. and Todd, T.  W.  EXPERIMENTS ON
    THE MAINTENANCE OF MINERAL DENSITY IN THE
    SKELETON.  J.  Laborat. Clin.  M.,  1936,  22:
    221-230.  9 refs.  Abstracted in:  Nutrit.
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 1936-37, 6:  No.  4794.

2957
  Warkany, J.  CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS INDUCED
    BY MATERNAL NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY.   J.
    Pediat., S. Louis,  1944,  25:  476-480.  19
    refs.  Abstracted in:  Nutrit.  Abstr., Aber-
    deen, 1945-46, 15:  No. 202.   In rats con-
    genital skeletaT~deformities due to a ma-
    ternal rachitogenic diet  can be prevented
    by feeding the mother liver before fetal
    chondrogenesis begins.  But if the diet
    still lacks vitamin D, skeletal deformities
    will be developed.

2958
  Weinmann, J. P.  and Schour, I.   EXPERIMENTAL
    STUDIES IN CALCIFICATION.  II.  THE EFFECT OF
    A RACHITOGENIC DIET ON THE ALVEOLAR BONE OF
    THE WHITE RAT.  Am. J. Path.,  1945, 21:  833-
    855.  5 pi.  15 refs.   Abstracted in: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1945, 19:  No.  21919; Nutrit.
    Abstr., Aberdeen, 194*5**;46, 15:  No.  3430.
2959
  Wellman,  0.   FUTTERUNGSVERSUCHE  UBER  DIE
    BEDEUTUNG DES  MINERALSTOFFWECHSELS,  INSBE-
    SONDERE DER ERDALKALIEN UND  PHOSPHORSAURE.
    Biol,  gen.,  Wien,  1932,  8:  387-396.   Ab-
    stracted in: Chem.  Abstr.,  1932,  26:  1646.

2960
  Wesson, L. G. and Boyle, P. E.   UTILIZATION OF
    CALCIUM BY RATS ON HIGH PROTEIN-LOW CALCIUM
    AND HIGH CARBOHYDRATE-LOW CALCIUM DIETS.
    EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTARY VITAMIN D.   Arch.
    Path., Chic,  1943, 36:  237-242.  22 refs.
    Abstracted in: Nutrit. Abstr., Aberdeen,
    1944-45, 14:  No.  181. 
VITAMIN INFLUENCE - VITAMIN D (Continued)
166
2961
  Wiskott, A.  PARADOX ERSCHEINENDES VERHALTEN
    NORMALER TIERKNOCHEN AUF VERFUTTERUNG VON
    BESTRAHLTEM ERGOSTERIN.  Zschr. Kinderh.,
    1930, 49: 79-89.  14 refs.

2962
  Wollenberg, G. A.  HEMMUNG DES LANGENWACHSTUMS
    LANGER ROHRENKNOCHEN DURCH SCHADIGUNG DER
    WACHSTUMSFUGE.   Zschr. orthop. Chir., 1933,
    59: 272-286.
2963
  Zacco, M.  AZIONE DELLA VITAMINA D2 SUL CON-
    TENUTO DI CENERI DI CALCIO E DI FOSFORO DI
    ALCUNI ORGANI.  Biochim. ter.  sper., 1943,
    30: 49-58.  43 refs.  Abstracted in: Chem.
    ABstr., 1946, 40: 31597.

2964
  Zetterstrom, R.  THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN D ON
    THE MINERAL METABOLISM OF BONE.  Acta
    paediat., Upps., 1951, 40: 568.  An ab-
    stract .
2965
  Zetterstrom, R.  UNDERSOKNINGAR OVER FOSFOROMS-
    ATTNINGEN HOS UNGA D-AVITAMINOTISKA RATTOR
    MED ANVANDANDE AV ISOTOPTEKNIK.  Nord. med.,
    1948,  38: 1146.  Abstracted in: Excerpta
    med., Beet. 5, 1949, 2: No. 1344.

See:
CONGENITAL AB-
10	23	223	333	375
376	384	414	421	422
425	428	429	438	617
639	706	724	738	759
764	787	796	813	817
818	831	834	950	1188
1189	1194	1197	1207	1210
1212	1218	1225	1228	1234
1235	1236	1237	1246	1250
1261	1361	1366	1367	1439
1448	1479	1480	1485	1614
1687	1749	1770	1771	1777
1779	1791	1797	1800	1807
1824	1834	1838	1841	1842
1859	1864	1878	1949	1952
1953	1960	1963	1969	1976
1977	1978	1983	1984	1985
1988	1989	1990	1991	1993
1994	1997	2003	2007	2008
2012	2025	2031	2032	2087
2088	2114	2123	2285	2286
2382	2383	2384	2508	2512
2628	2692	2727	2728	2734
2740 TAMIN I	2743 NFLUENCE	2756 - VITAMIN E	2827	
2967
  Thomas, B. H. and Cheng, D. W.
    NORMALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH VITAMIN E MALNU-
    TRITION.  Proc. Iowa Acad. Sc. ,  1952, 59-
    218-225.  45 refs.  Abstracted In: Biol.
    Abstr., Bait., 1954, 28: No. 515.  In this
    study of abnormalitiesfin rat fetuses of
    vitamin E deficient mothers it was found
    that the abnormalities could be controlled
    by varying the dose and timing of vitamin E
    administration during pregnancy.  It was
    also found that even in the externally nor-
    mal fetus there was reduced ossification of
    the parietal and occipital bones and shorten-
    ing of all long bones with markedly reduced
    ossification of the digital bones.  The
    literature is reviewed.

See:

  788       1430
VITAMIN INFLUENCE - VITAMIN G
see VITAMIN INFLUENCE
COMPLEXES
VITAMIN B
VITAMIN INFLUENCE - VITAMIN K
2968
  Neukomm, S., Peguiron, L., Lerch, P. and
    Richard, M.  REPARTITION ET^FIXATION DU
    SYNKAVIT HYDROSOLUBLE MARQUE PAR p32 dans
    LES ORGANES DU RAT A"HJLTE.  Arch, internat.
    pharm. dyn., Gand, 1953, 93: 373-384.  10
    refs.  p32-tagged synkayvTte was injected
    intramuscularly in rats and its deposition
    and metabolism studied in the different
    organs, including bone.

VITAMIN INFLUENCE - VITAMIN P AND PP
2969
  Roasenda,  F. and Camurati, C.  MODIFICAZIONI
    DELLA CARTILAGINE DI ACCRESCIMENTO DELLE OSSA
    LUNGHE DEL RATTO ALBINO NELLE AVITAMINOSI
    ACUTE SPERIMENTALI B2, B5, Bg e PP.  Minerva
    ortop.,  Tor., 1952, 3: 166-169.  6 refs.
    Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 9, 1953,
    7:  No. 5771.   "Vitamin B2, B5, Bg and P-P
    Tactor deficiency causes a delay in the
    growth of epiphysial cartilages, but does
    not produce any change in the growth in
    length of bone." - Excerpta med.
2970
  koasenda, F. and Camurati, C.  MODIFICAZIONI
    DELLA CARTILAGINE DI INCROSTAZIONE DEL RATTO
    ALBINO IN ACCRESCIMENTO NELLA CARENZA SPERI-
    MENTALE ACUTA DELLE VITAMINE B2, B5, Bg E
    PP.  Minerva ortop., Tor., 195?, 3: 277-278.
2966
  Bartolomucci, E.  L'INFLUENZA DELLA VITAMINA E      See:
    SUL PROCESSO DI GUARIGIONE DELLE FRATTURE.
    Policlinico, sez.  chir., 1940,  47:  1-15.   25        2810
    refs. 
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168
Bacsich, P.	59	Barrett, F. R.	2637	Becks, H.	1969 2047
		Barron, E. S. G.	30		
Baden, H.	239	Barry, M. G.	2024		2048 2049
Bader, L.	2358	Bartels, E. D.	1177		2769
Baensch, W. E.	897	Barth, E.	2638		2770
Baggi, G.	671	Bartlett, R. G.	1312		2834
Bagnall, J. S.	2397	Bartolomucc i, E.	1744 2966		2843
Bailey, K. C.	596	Bartter, F. C.	1265	Beevers, C. A.	652
Bailie, J. M.	2831		1271	Behrens, B.	2639 2640
Bain, J. A.	97		1872		
Bairati, A.	131 132	Baruffaldi, G. Bassett, C. F.	2776 1960	B^langer, L. F.	24 672
	133 134	Bassin. A. L.	1968		722 1745
	135	Basso, R.	721		
	136	Baud, C. A.	1572		2333
	137			Belfanti, S.	723
	138	Bauer, G. C. H.	276	Belkin, R. I.	1284
	1099		987		
	1566		988	Bell, E. H.	357
	2354		1868 2139	Bell, G. H.	1123 1961
Baker, B. L.	440 1269	Bauer, H. 0. K.	2293		2086 2087
	1364	Bauer, W.	2832		2088
		Bauer, W. H.	1368		2089
Baker, S. L.	251 2137		2016		2123
Baldini, J. T.	1365	Baumann, A.	2639 2640	Bellin, J. Bellin, S. A.	1787 429
Bale, W. F.	275	Baumann, E. J.	1178	Bellini, L.	1188
	383	Baumann, R.	2833		
	387	Baume, L. J.	441	Belloni, L.	252
	1856	Baux, R.	489	Bellucci, G.	1465
		Baxter, J. H.	2614	Benassi, E.	468
	1857		2615	Benda, R.	469
	2371	Bayer, G.	2784		
Ball, J.	589	Baylin, G. J.	2039	Benditt, E. P.	934
Balygin, I. E.	2115	Bazzocchi, G.	557	Benesch, R.	943
Ban, T.	2287			Benesch, R. E.	943
Bandini, T.	1571	Bean, H. W.	224	Benjamin, H. R.	1746
Banfield, W. G.	575	Bear, R. S.	576	Benninghoff, A.	2305
Banfo, G.	1286	Beaulien, M. M.	409	Benoit, J.	188
Banks, S. W.	2783		410		189
Banting, F. G.	720	Becher, H.	2389		349
Barber, C. G.	1712 2138	Becker, F.	2140		1369
		Becks, H.	441		1370
Barbera, R. C.	2651				1371
Barbieri, D.	2441 2442		1179 1272		1372 1373
	2443		1273 1274		1374 1375
Barbour, E. P.	1270		1275		1376
	2335		1276		1377
Barcarini, E.	927		1277 1278		1378 1379
Barclay, R. K.	2581		1279		1380
Barnes, L. L.	1918 2662		1280 1281 1282		1381 1382
Barnett, J. C. Barnett, R. J.	1520 241		1283 1287 1288		1397 1398 1399
Barnicot, N. A.	187		1294		1408
	1175		1295		1495
	1176		1296		1496
	1366		1305		1497
	1367		1314		2050
	2244		1315	Bentzik, M.	470
Barnum, C. P. Barraud, J.	1742 284		1447 1474 1493 1494	Berek, L. Berencsi, G.	435 158
	317			Berezkina, L. F.	204
	612				
 
169
Berezkina, L. F.
Berg, M.
Berg, R. N.
Bergmann, E.
Bergstrand, C. G.
Bergstrom, W. H.

Berliner, F. S.
Bernard
Bernhard, K.
Bernheim, M.
Bersin, T.
Berstein, S. A.
Bertelsen, A.
Berthrong, M.
Bessey, 0. A.

Best, C. H.

Bethke, R. M.

Bevelander, G.

Bhaskar, S. N.

Bibby, B. G.
Bich, A.
Bick, E. M.

Bidone, E.
Biebl, M.
Bielschowsky,  F.
Bingel, K.
Bischoff, G.
Bisgard, J. D.
Bisgard, M. E.
Bisotti, P. L.
Black, A. L.

Blackwood, J. H.
Blair, H. C.
Blair, J. E.
Bianco-Morales, C. P.
Blechschmidt, E.
Bleyer, B.
Blix, G.
Block, W.
Blocksom, B. H., Jr.
Bloom, C. J.
Bloom, M. A.
Bloom, W.
442	Bloom, W.
1247	
1347	
2428	
2479	
2183	
989	
1457	
357	
263	
1596	Blum, G.
1837	Blumberg, H.
2281	Blumenthal, H. T.
2185	Blunt, J. W., Jr.
1100	
2552 682	Bodansky, A.
1788	
2722	
1173	Bodansky, M.
1	
1962	Bodansky, 0.
2	
990	Boelter, M. D. D.
1101	
1180	Boeminghaus, H.
2627	Bofill-Deulofeu,
471 991 1102	Bogdaschew, N.
	Bogdonoff, M. D.
1345	Bogert, L. J.
1573	Bohatirchuk, F.
1230	Bohr, H.
2445	Bohstedt, G.
724	Bomskov, C.
858	
992	Bonner, J. F.
1886	
1887	Bonner, J. F., Jr
2051	Bonting, S. L.
2446	Booth, R. G.
992	Borasky, R.
1574	Borghese, E.
380	
1863	
1743	
472	
1214	Bostrom, H.
1215	
1216	
1217	
863	
993	
1789	
903	
1575	
2474	
1963	
3	Botterell, E. H.
	Boucomont, J.
4	
1348	
1383	
1384 3	Bourne, G. H.
  29
  30

 149
 156
1226
1290
1348
1383
1829
2245
 838
2269
1302
 923
1149
1161
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
2128
2129
 725
 726
 727
 728
1964
1965
 994
 554
1576
1747
 350
2359
2141
1221
2724
2835
 398
 629
 381
1919
1952
 552
 443
 729
 730
2052
2053
2054
  60
  61
  62
 242
 246
 935
 936
 937
 938
 939
1871
 839
 796
1689
2931
2932
 840
 864
Bourne, G. H.	
	2142
	2785
	2786
Bowes, J. H.	577
	578
	579
Bowie, M. A.	63
	64
	112
	113
	114
	115
	126
Boyd, E. S.	65
	66
	67
Boyd, G. A.	2688
Boyd, H. B.	482
Boyd, M. J.	2624
Boyer, R.	81
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Boyle, P. £.	1984
	2836
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Boyne, A. W.	1150
Brandenberger, E.	613
Brash, J. C.	995
Brasseur, H.	277
	278
	279
	294
	295
	300
	301
	619
Brasseur, H. A. L.	653
Braude, R.	2582
Bray, H. G.	940
Brechner, J.	2246
Bredig, M. A.	615
Bremer, J. L.	1385
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Bresler, S. E.	580
Bressou, C.	1578
Brodie, S. S.	1834
Brooke, R. 0.	1966
Brooks, G.	2090
Brouwer, E.	2360
Brower, T. D.	68
	75
Brown, C. E.	2654
Brown, H. B.	2943
Brozek, J.	2042
Bru, A.	510
Brubacher, G.	1637
Bruce, H. M.	2837
Brticke, F.	2448
Bruno, B.	2856
Bruno, G.	190
	474
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	1580
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170
Bruno, G.

Bruno, T.

Brush, H. V.

Brux, J.de

Buchanan, D. L.

Bucher, C. S.
Bucher, 0.

Bucher, R.


Buchwald, K. W.

Buckley, H. E.
Buckner, G. D.
Budy, A. M.
Buffa, P.

Bujard, E.


BUlbring, E.
Bullinger, E.

Bunkfeldt, R.


Buonomo La Rossa, B,
Burch, H. B.
Burdeaux, B. D.,  Jr,
Burger, M.

Burkl, W.
Burmeister,  W.

Burns, C. M.
Burns, J. J.
Burrows, H. J.
Burrows, H.
Burrows, R. B.


Butterworth, E
Biittner, A.

Bywaters, E
Cabanes, R.
Cabannes, R.
Cadili, G.
Caglioti, V.
Cahill, W. M.


Calaraaro, S.
Calef, C.

Calhoun, J. A,


Cameron, H. C,
G. L.
2361

  81
 981
1498
 967

 358
1832
2390
2403
2553
 555

 625

1349

 654
2838
1350
1453
1454
1733
 411

 191
 904
1181
 804
1864
1920
2196
2787
 475
 965
2656
 905
2839

 236
 237
 253
 254
 280
 281
1182
2787

 150

1387
1183
1184

 251
1583

  69
1376
1400
 906
 616

1439
2029
2030
1889
1458
1459
 833
2652
2682
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
Camitz, H.
Campbell, D.
Campbell, I. L,
Campbell, I. R,
Campbell, K.
Campbell, R. M.
Campbell, W. W,


Campi, L.

Camurati, C.
Camus, J. L.
Candeli, A.

Cannavo, L.

Canti, R. G.
Canuto, G.

Capizzi, I.
Cappellin, M,
Caputo, V.
Carbonera, D.
Carere-Comes, 0.
Carlson, A. B.
Carlsson, A.
Carlstrom, D.
Carnes, W. H.
Cartarr, M. S,
Carter, A. C.
Cartier, P.
2449
  70
1124
2399
2129
1150
1185
1259
 551
1867
2055
2746
2747
2758
2773
2774
2775
2788
2789
2812
2813
2969
2970
1388
2619
 368
1285
2462
2358
 368
 163
 164
 206
 731
 732
 733
 734
2725
1838
2143
2119
2711
1748
1749
1790
1791
2372
1186
1967
2703
    5
    6
    7
  107
  109
  165
  211
  255
  256
  282
  283
  284
  317
  369
  412
  612
  673
  674
  675
  676
Cartier, P.	699
	735
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Casacci, A.	1584
Caskey, C. D.	2663
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Castella Bertran, E.	677
Castiglioni, G.	139
Casuccio, C.	907
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Catchpole, H. R.	970
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Causeret, J.	1815
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Cavallini Francolini, C.	2143
Cavaye Hazen, E.	2144
Cebul, F.	2479
Ceci, C. 0.	1585
Cera, B.	1188
Cerqua	1189
Chace, M. J.	1970
Chamberlin, G. W.	2363
Chambers, J. W.	2087
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Chambon, Y.	1389
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Champeau, M.	1513
Champeau, M.-F.	950
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Chang, H. Y.	1190
Chapchal, G.	996
Charbonnel, M.	167
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Charles, S. W.	997
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Charpy, P.	2145
Chauchard, P.	2276
Ch~echan, C.	349
Cheng, D. W.	2967
Chevallier, A.	843
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Chidichimo, G.	2450
Chievitz, 0.	1839
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Chiewitz, O., see Chievi	tz, 0.
Chilcote, M. E.	1260
Chitre, R. G.	743
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Cho, M.	2174
Cholak, J.	2644
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Chornock, C. S.	2664
Christian, M. R.	2399
Ch'uan, C. H.	192
Chute, A. L.
362 
171
Ciocca, E.
Cioffi, A.
Claassen, V.
Claff, C. L.

Claiborne, C,
Clark, E. L.
Clark, E. R.
Clark, G. L.

Clark, J. H.
Clark, S. M.
Clarke, J.
Clarke, M. F.
Class, R. N.
Clavelin

Clavert, J.
Clemmons, J. J.
Cloetens, R.
Clouet, D. H.

Cobb, J. D.
Cocchi, U.
Coe, R. C.
Coeur, A.
Coggi, G.

Cohen, A. L,

Cohen, J.
Cohn, B. N. E.
Cohn, S. H.
Cohn, W. E.

Cole, L. L.
Coleman, R. D,
Cole Rous, M.
  2451
  2452

   433
  1750
  1841
  1842
  1843
  1844
  2223

   908
   444
   444
   617
  2390
   556
   618
  1072
  1968
  1874
  2320
   166

   188
   189

   349
  1370
  1371
  1372
  1373
  1374
  1375
  1376
  1377
  1381
  1391
  1392
  1393
  1394
  1395
  1396
  1397
  1398
  1399
  1400
 1408
 1495
 1496
 1497
 2050

    8
  737
 1413
 1414
    9

  678
  909
  998

 1463
 2278
  862

 2243
 2220

   71
  828
  999
 2284
2391
1191
  792
1845
2842
1456
2843
 476
Colla, Y. M. L.
Collazo, J. A.

Coleman, R. u.
Collins, D. A.
Collip, J. b.




Colonna, P. C,

Comar, C. L.
Combs,  G.  F.
Common, R.  H.
Conner, R. T.

Contardi,  A.
Conti, T.
Conway, E. J.
Cook, S. F.
Coolbaugh, C. C,
Coolidge, T. B.
Coombes, A. I.
Cooper, A. R.
Copel,  J. W.
Copher, G. H.
Copp, D. H.
Copp, H.

Coppo, M,
Corbella, A.
Corbin, K. B.
Cordier, G.

Corey, R. B.
Cornwall, R. L.
Corrigan, K. E.
1466	Corrigan, K. E.	1245
2726	Coryn, G.	1125
2844		1126
1969		1127 1128
1273		1499
1275		
1287	Costa, J. C. da	517
1288	Cotellessa, G.	1000
1494		1129
2047	Coventry, M. B.	1001
2834		1103
1192	Cox, G. J.	2402
1238	Cozza, F.	1194
1251	Craciun, E. C.	151
1258	Cramer, C.	10
865	Crawford, G. N. C.	2307
1707	Cremer, H. D.	1797
1017	Crepax, P.	1401
1257		2725
1792		
2583	Crltin, A.	212
2620		1002
2688		1587
738		1588
739		1589 1590
1351		2058
1793		2146
1794 1795		2248
2017		2308
2018	Crick, F. H. C.	581
723	Crowley, J. F.	2609
1437	Csillik, B.	434
2019		435
2034 2035	Cullen, G. Cumming, M. C.	1809 1769
1796	Cunningham, I. J.	370
1270		1971
477	Curtet, W.	1517
564	Curtis, H. J.	1829
2926	Custer, R. P.	1945
218	Cuthbertson, D. P.	1123
991		1150
2453		1961
10	Cuvdland, E. F. de	1003
	Dabbs, G. H.	2559
1337	Dacha, U.	1425
1969		1426
1970	Daft, F. S.	2767
2584		
	Dahl, B.	193
2610	Dalgarno, A. C.	2130
2692	Dallemagne. M. J.	11
2693		
2707		12
2727		13
2843		213
2689		214 215
286		257
287		258
478		
479		277
1193		278
1485		279
1888		288
1889		289
2227		290 291
1890		292
1586		293
1694		294
600		295 296
1456		297
641		298 299
 
172
Dallemagne, M. J.
Dallemagne, M.
Dal Zotto. E.
Damboviceanu, A,
Dandy, W. E.
Danilova, E. I.
Danini, E. S.
Danno, K.

Dasler, W.
Daum,  S.
Dauvergne, M,
Davenport, C. B.
Davenport, C. P.
Davies, R. E.
Davis, G  K.
Davis, R. M.

Dawson, I. M.


Day, H. G.
Day, T. D.
Deak.  P.
Deakins,  M.  L.

De Bakey,  M.
Debray, C.
Debrunner, H.

De Bruyn, P. P. H,
De Does,  J.  J.
Degge, J.
Deggeler, C.
Dejust, L. H.
Delaville, G.

Delaville, M.
300	Delaville, M.
301	Del Bello, N.
359	
396	
	De Leo, F.
409	De Lisi* C.
619 620	Delluva, A. M.
631	Delmas, A.
653	De Lorimier, A.
663	
664	Deltour, G.
870	Deltour, G. H.
871	
872	
1402	
1403	
1404	
1417	
1418	De Luca, G.
1751	De Maestri, A.
1972	
2059	De Marchi, E.
2109	
2147	De Marneffe, R.
2148	
2294	Dempsey, E. F.
2346 1591	Dempster, W. T.
	Denko, C. W.
14	Depreux, F.
1289	Derevici, H.
1592 1004	Derevici, M.
	De Rienzo, A.
2454	
2455	Derivaux, J.
2149	
2150	
2020	De Rycker, H.
2617	Desplas, R.
2260	Dessauer, G.
2803	Detwiler, S. R.
2804	Devis, R.
1104	de Vries, J.
1593	Dias-Amado, L.
1831	
1752	Dick, L.
1977	Dickens, F.
2583	
2616	Dickinson, P. H
2029	Dieffenbach. E.
2030	Diener, A.
401	
2088	Dietz, A. A.
	Dikshit, P. K.
2373	
414	
1405	
1973	
968	Dingemanse, E.
2309	Dirr, C. T.
216	DiStefano, V.
259	
1222	
469	
1005	
1594	
1595	Dixon. T. F.
2456	
2845	
2516	Djabri, A.
2310	
2728	Dodds, G. S.
94	
688	
1044	
1359
 480
2554
2555
 841
 842
 360
 424
 481
 482
 807
  45
 740
 805
 806
2060
2425
 741
1000
1129
2457
2458
 483
 484
 485
1872
2091
 949
1006
1241
1241
 742
 817
1972
2061
 296
1596
 398
1897
1765
1846
 487
 517
2151
  72
 415
 488
2189
  42
 260
 743
2846
2847
2848
2933
1297
1885
  73
 679
 744
 790
 791
 416
 417
 698
2790
 194
 445
1007
2849
2850
	2851
Dodds, G. S.	2852
	2853
Dogliotti, V.	1406
Dohne, E. E.	2676
Dolfini, G.	2459
	2854
Dolgo-Saburov, B. A.	1597
	1598
Dols, M. J. L.	1846
	1847
Domm, L. V.	1290
	1383
Donaldson, G.	1209
Donner, L.	2617
Dorfman, A.	592
Doring, G.	1891
Dounce, A. L.	2711
Douste-Blazy, L.	440
Dovgiallo, N. D.	1599
	1600
Dowgjallow, N. D., see	
Dovgiallo, N. D.	
Downs, W. G., Jr.	1974
	2152
Downs, W. L.	1195
Doyle, M. D.	2021
Dragon!, G.	756
Dragstedt, C. A.	873
	1196
Drieux, H.	94
	688
Drill, V. A.	1500
Drummond, D. H.	858
du Boistesselin, R.	967
Dubreuil, G.	167
	168
	2062
Duckert, R.	2263
Duckworth, J.	371
	874
	1753
	1975
	2130
	2133
Ducommun, P.	1291
Ducuing, J.	489
Dudley, H. C.	2628
	2629
	2630
	2631
	2632
	2633
Duff, V. B.	2128
	2129
Duffau, R.	1990
Duffy, F.	1970
Du Lac. G.	15
Duncan, M. T.	2938
Duran-Reynals. F.	969
Dustman, R. B.	231
	232
Dutcher, R. A.	2664
Du Toit, P. J.	1779
Dutta, N. C.	1953
Dziewiatkowski, D. D.	243
	244
	245
	942
	943
	1501
	1738
	1739
 
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174
Fell, H. B.	2462	Follis, R. H., Jr.	1131	Friedenberg. Z- B-	1619
	2730		1153	Friedman, L.	2628
	2731		1154	Fridenshtein, A. Ya.	1012
Fell, W. A.	2732 2733 1892		1155 1405 1504	Friedl, E. Frugoni, P.	897 1205
Felsher, A.	1768		1616	Fujii. T.	2410 81
Felts, W. J.	1008		1757	FUrth, 0.	
Ferguson, R. L.	1523		1921		981
Fernandes, J. E.	1466		2039 2615 2792	Gaarenstroom, J. H.	1409
Fernando, C.	2856			Gabbrielli, M. C.	2821
Ferrannini, A.	1893		2858	Gabrio, B. W.	1438
Ferrario, C. V.	2791			Gaebler, 0. H.	779
Ferraris, R.	755	Fontaine, M.	382	Gaetano, M.	1546
Ferriani, G.	1479	Fontaine, R.	843	Gaillard, P. J.	152
	1480		1010 1132		1133
Ferro-Luzzi, G.	170		1156		1299
Ferroni, M.	351		1166		2411
	1543		1505		2412
Feruglio, F. S.	2776		1894		2413 2811
Fiaccavento, W.	1481		1902	Galakhov, E. V.	2159
Fiandaca, S.	1152		2023		
Fick, H.	1615		2028	Gallier, R.	1991
Fikentscher, R.	2677		2065	Gallup, W. D.	2663
	2678		2157		2667
Filippi, A.	808 809	Fontana, G.	2132		2668 2671
	814	Fontanelli, G.	334	Gangitano, L.	2794
	852	Forbes, A. P.	638 1271	Gant, V. A.	2641
	2300 2302		1872	Garcia, I.	219
Filippon, S.	748		1876		269
Filogamo, G.	559	Forbes, R. M.	218		270
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Findlay, D.	392		2388		2934
Finean, J. B.	621			Garcia-Valdecasas, F.	2862
	2372	Foster, L. N.	491	Gardner, D. E.	2625
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Fink, H.	2677 2678	Fowler, R. C. Fox, E.	398 1506	Gardner, W. U.	640
	2679	Fox, R. P.	1460		1352 1353 1354
Finkel, M. P.	2607	Franceschini, M.	560		
Finogenov, P. A.	580		561		1355
Fiocca, S.	714		1011		1356
	2156		1107		1363
Fiore, A.	789	Fraipont, C.	2311		1410
Fisch, S.	1824	Franciosi, A.	351		1411
Fischer, A.	1875	Frandsen, A. M.	1969		1412 1413
	2409		2759		1414
Fischer, F.	1978	Frankel, D. R.	949		1415
Fischer, C. J.	754	Franekl, D. R.	1741		1416
Fischler, F.	1789	Fraser, H. F.	1979		1423
Fischmann, C. F. Fisher, A. G. T.	2857 79 1047	Fraser, R. D. B. Free, A. A.	571 604 2582	Garrison, E. A.	1424 1431 1432 1768
Fisher, D.			423		
Fisher, H.	2609			Garthwaite, B.	86
Fleming, R. W. Fogliati, E.	2711 2064 2463	Freeman, D. J. Freeman, L. W. Freeman, S.	8 1617 2859	Garzunova, G. A. Gassmann, T.	924 220
	2464	French. G.	1619		221
	2556	French, G. 0.	1707		361
Follis, R. H., Jr.	26	French, J. E.	934 580 1297	Gates, E. M.	624 2665
	80	Frenkel', S. IA. Freud, J.		Gavett. E.	398
	217		1298		2690
	304 681	Freund, E.	1618 2158	Gay, R. Gelbke, H.	1069 1620
	682		2860		1621 2160
	690 749 750 751 1009	Frey, C. N. Friedenberg, Z. B.	1992 865	Geller, S.	2168 1014
			877 878	Gellert, A. Gendre, H.	2366 83
 
175
George. E. M.	844
Gerard, G.	17
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Gersh, I.	912
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Geschickter, C. F.	1816
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Geschwind, I. I.	1300
Ghormley, R. K.	1001
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Giangrasso, G.	1206
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Giannoni, G.	2163
Gilligan, D. R.	594
Gillis, M. B.	1980
Ginn, J. T.	398
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Girdlestone, G. R.	1622
Giuliani, G.	2066
Giuliani, G. M.	492
Gladstone, H.	532
Glanzmann, E.	2863
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Siattli, W.	195
Glegg, R. E.	913
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Glover, D. M.	2479
Gloyd, P.	2516
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Godina, G.	2303
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Goldenberg, H.	52
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Goldfarb, A. R.	2285
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Goldfeder, A.	1507
Goldman, H. M.	1508
Gomez, J.	1666
Gomor i, G.	752
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Goodman, E. D.	780
Gordon, E. F.	1301
Gordon, S.	2467
Gordon, S. D.	197
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Gordonoff, T.	36
Gorlin, R. J.	2270
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Gordonoff, T.	2865
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Gorter, E.	2845
Gosulow, H.	2249
Gottlieb, B.	1626
Gould, B. S.	753
Gouze, M.	1346
Govaerts, J.	305
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Grangaud, R.	1377
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Grant, M. P.	1028
Grant, R. L.	1994
Grassmann, W.	582
Grauer, R. C.	2868
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Graumann, W.	1627
Gray, D. J.	1013
Graziadei, P.	493
Grechishkin, S. V.	1702
Greco, J.	693
Green, H. H.	1982
Greenberg, D. M.	715
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Greenberg, R. M.	2024
Greenwald, I.	306
Greep, R. 0.	754
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	1101
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Gregory, J. E.	940
Greulich, R. C.	1830
Greune, H.	2164
Gries, A.	1505
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Griesbach, W. E.	1230
Griffith, .X. Q., Jr.	1915
Grignani, L.	1905
Grigorescu, I. I.	2067
Grimaldi, G.	2826
Grisham, W.	946
Groenewald, J. W.	1773
Gromtseva, K. E.	449
Groody, M.	2910
Gros, G.	1381
Grosjean, M.	2348
Gross, J.	392
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Gruber, G. B.	196
Grugni, C.	755
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Gruner, J. W.	655
Guarnaschelli-Raggio, A	1544
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Gubanov, A. G.	1628
Gubner, R.	2870
Guerrant, N. B.	2664
Guerrisi, A.	494
Gukov, P. V.	153
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Gullickson, G.	1895
Gullickson, T. W.	268
Gulyas, E.	1877
Gurgian-Cecconi, L.	1461
Gutentag, J.	2479
Gutman, A.	58
Gutman, A. B.	18
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Gutman, E. B.	684
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Gy8rgy, P.	352
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Haas, A.	1482
Haas, M.	2171
HStbler, C.	1629
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Hadfield, G. J.	2218
Hagahata, S.	2002
HKggqvist, G.	2250
Hahn, L. A.	1851
Haines, R. W.	1015
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Haldeman, K. 0.	2165
Hale, R. W.	1351
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Hall, C. E.	606
Hall, G. E.	762
Hall, L.	2013
Hall, W. H.	1230
Halse, T.	2213
Haluzicky, M.	845
Halvorsen, D. K.	1419
Ham., A. W.	197
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Hamilton, B.	2872
Hamilton, J. G.	10
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	2610
	2707
Hamilton, T. S.	224
Hamper1, H.	2873
Hancox, N. M.	154
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	200
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Handelsman, M. B.	1301
Handler, P.	1943
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Hanke, H.	1482
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Hanke, H.

Hanok, A.
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Hansen, A. E.
Hansen, A. M.
Hansen, I. G.
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Hare, H. F.

Harper, H. A.
Harris, H. A.
Harris, L. E.
Harrison, H. C.
Harrison, H. E.

Harrison, M. H. M.
Hart, E. B.

Hartingsvelt, H. van

Hartl,  F.
Hartles, R.  L.
Hartley, J.

Harvey, S. C.
Hasche-Kllinder,  R,
Hashikura, K.
Haslhofer, L.
Hass, G. M.
Hass, S. L.

Hastings, A. B.


Hathaway, M. L.
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H§bert, C.

Hecht, E.

Heckel, N. J.

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Hegemann, G.
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Heinz, E.
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Heller, M.
2796	Heller, M.
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2704	Hellner, H.
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1922	
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1760	Hempel, J.
2505	Henckel, K. 0.
1462	
179	Henderson, N.
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2874	Hendricks, S. B.
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2558 1428	Henny, G. C.
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2642	
1945	Henschel, A.
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2470	Hensey, J. C.
350	Herlyn, K. E.
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642	Herr, W.
419	Herrick, E. H.
2323	Hertz, J.
1852	
1630	
1631	Herve, A.
1632	Hess, A. F.
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641	
1245	
1158	
1105	Heusser, H.
1636	Hevesy, G.
2588	Hevesy, G. C.
171	
2413	
1145	
161	Heynold, G. M. L.
2471	Hiatt, H. H.
1939	
2753	
2754	
2755	Higbee, P.
2414	Higgins, G. M.
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1878	Highman, W. J., Jr.
1863	Hill, J. C.
1476	Hill, R.
155
Hill, W. L.
2251

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2252
2169
1020
2170
2472
2560
2561
1637
1638

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1182
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 656
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2911
1872
 420
 759
1937
2951
2378
2385
2838
1119
1823
1952
2875
2042

 262
 625
2562
1890
2171
1171
1797
1157
2253
2718
 410

 263
 738
2660
2661
2675
2172
1839
1840
1761
1762
1851
2587
2643

   33
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1983
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2872
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Hill, W. L.	657
Hills, G. M.	88
Hintzsche, E. Hirashima, M. Hirayama, J. Hirsch, C.	497 1946 1947 2291 106
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Hirsch, G. M.	2607
Hirschman, A.	20
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Hisamura, H.	922 948
Hjertquist, S. 0.	982 1202
Hodge, H. C.	21
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Hodgson, R. E. Hoecker, F. E.	185 2683
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Hoffmann, J. Hoffmeister, W.	2100 2173 2564
Holmdahl, D. E. Holmgren, H. Holmes, W. Holtzer, H.	89 1546 2449 586 1023
Homann, E. Hopkins, F. G.	1896 1897 1207 2415
Hori, S.	403
Horn, H. W.	339
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Hruska, A., Jr
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Huble", J.
Hlickel, R.
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Hudson, L.
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Huggins, C. B.

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Hummon, I. F., Jr,
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Ikuta, A.
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 1722
  157
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 2474
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 1157
 1523
 1208
 1245
 1024
 1804
 2876
  140
 1898
 1462
  630
 2475
  475
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 2068
  618
 2288
 2289
 2040
  90
 2174
 2476
 1025
 2477
 2631
 2175
 2734
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1158
1209
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1985	Jongh, S. E. de	1303
2735		1304
2831	Joseph, N. R.	1199 1200
362		1754
2631		
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2291		2695
1210 1211	Julesz, M.	2761
	Jung, A.	1222
2877		1808
1212		2255
1357	Kaesberg, P.	591
2348	Kalambokas, A.	2478
1252	Kallius, H. U.	503
2269	Kalman, C.	849
588 589	Kalnins, V.	1219
571 603	Kama da, K.	847
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658 2028 1805	Kanagy, J. R. Kanazawa, K.	590 2882
2271	Kane, L. W.	323
2416	Kaneko, R.	2636
2431	Kao, H. C.	2018
1213	Kapff, J.	2862
1214	Kapp, H.	2797
1215		
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1217	Karcher, H.	1763
2254 606	Karnofsky, D. A.	2581
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239		2883
1869	Kartha, G.	602
326	Kasavina, B. S.	563
500	Kasheverov, S. I.	2455
501	Kasinskas, W.	2033
502	Kasperskaia, Z. A.	745
1846	Katagiri, S.	1210
1847 2878	Katersky, E. M.	594
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2922		2590
1027	Kawamura, R.	93
348	Kay, H. D.	372
658		761
659		2272
372 2313 1161	Kearin, G. M. Kearns, J. E., Jr.	923 1196
2038	Keating, F. R., Jr.	1220
1854	Kehoe, R. A.	2644
1855		2645
2449		2646 2647
1785	Keith, T. B.	2670
348	Kellenberger, E.	2336
1028		2343
2		2344
990	Kellermann, J. H.	2041
1906	Kelly, R. P., Jr.	491
2230	Kemeny, T.	2027
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2588		
879	Kenten, R. H.	577
757		578 579
10	Kernohan, J. W.	1001
2692		1103
2693 908	Kev. J. A.	504 1159
393		1899
1218		1978
2879		2177
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Kind, H.


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Kiszely, G.
Klaauw, C. J. van der

Kleiber,  M.

Klein, L.
Klein, M.
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Klement, R.
Kler, V. 0.
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Knake, E.
Knese, K.-H.

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Ko, K.

Koch, J. C.
Koch, W.

Kochakian, CD,

Kodama, S.
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1179
1276
1305
1447
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1962
 864
2591
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2705
2479
2762
1235
1236
2266
2480
1788
2787
 762
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2481
1432
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2687
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2069
1641

 380
1863
2798
1505
2737

 309
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1029
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 174
1642
1643
2043
1346
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1460
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2799
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2806
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1923
2738
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1119
1823
1952
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Kopech, G.
Korff, K. von

Kornberg, H. A.

Kornberg, H. L.
Kos, J.
Koss, W. F.

Kotllarevskii, M. L.
Kotrnetz, H.
Kottke, F. J.
Kozdoba, A. Z


Kozelka, F. L.
Krahl, V. E.
Kraijenhoff Sloot,
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Kraintz, F.  W.
Kraintz, L.
Kraemer, V. von

Kramer, B.
Kramer, H.
Krasovskaia, 0. V.
Kreussler,  H. E.  M,
Kreussler, W.
Kreuzer, 0.
Krieger, C. H.
Krockert, G.


Krompecher, I.
Krompecher,  S.
Kroon, D. B.

Kroon. D. B.
Krtiger, E.

Krupski, A.


Kruse, H. D.


Krusen, F.
Ksendzovskii,  M. E,
Kubanyi, E.
Kubicek, W. G.
Kubo, M.
Kugelmass, I. N.
1420	KUhne, H.
2393	Kulonen, E.
511	Kuneeva, Z. I.
186	KUng, H. L.
553	Ktlntscher, G.
902	
2433	
1030	
2177a	
2589	Kupperman, H. S
2590	Kurita, I.
1831	Kusano, N.
512	
398	Kuvatov, G. G.
399	Kuwabara, G.
2178	
2886	Kuyper, A. C.
1895	
1160	
1511	
1512	Kuzin, A. M.
1221	Lacapere, J.
1646	
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385	Lacroix, P.
1256	
1256	
2887	
335	
366	
540	
627	
828	
2284	
2285	
2286	
2888	
593	
2417	
2648	
2649	
1031	
706	
2719	
2720	
158	
513	
1032	
1647	Laing, P. G.
175	Lalich, J. J.
451	Lamarque, P.
1648	
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2179	
202	Lambertini, G.
385	
687	
848	Lamy, F.
1298	Landauer, W.
2835	
249	
1764	Landells, J. W.
374	
1986	Landoff, G. A.
430	
1172	Landtman, B.
2180	
1895	Lanford, C. S.
765 2183	LangenskiOld, A
 514
 592
 563
 2181
 1649
 1650
 1651
 2070
 2182
 1520
 2174
 2287
 2290
 1900

 716
 766

 315
 316
 324
 924

   94
 688
 1476
 515
 880
 1033
 1034
 1035
 1036
 1037
 1038
 1039
 1040
 1041
 1548
 1549
 1765
 1806
 2071
 2072
 2073
 2184
 2391
 2482
 2483
 2484
 2485
 2486
 2487
 2488
 2565
 2566
 516
 1995
 2380
 2381
 517

   95

 141
 142
 1776
 1421
 1422
 1423
 1424
   77
 680
 717
1652
2394
1807
2887
1987
1042
1043 
179
LangenskiOlk, F.
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Langmaack, B.
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Larsell, 0.
LaRue, H. C.
Laskey,  A.

Laskin,  D. M.
Laszlo, D.

Latinikowna, A.
Latta,  J. s.
Lattes, R.

Lauber, H. J.
Laurens, A.
Laux, G.
Lavrenenco, N.
Law, K. A. O'D.
Layani, F.

Layton, L. L.
Leandri, A.


Leblond, C. P.
Lebow, M.
Lecoq, R,
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LeFevre, M. L.


Legrand, C.

Lehrman, A.
Leicester, H. M.

Leijnse, B.
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Leonards,  J. R.
Leppelmann, H. J.
Lerch, P.
Leriche, R.
1134
 251
1653

 815
1654
2632
 693

  96
  97
 689
1787
1817
1655
2889
1149
1161
2185
 815
1656
1242
2702
1513

 247
 949
 983
1740
1741
 810
 814

  24

 392
 913
 925
1514
1623
1729
1830
1860
2256
2333
 2092
 2093
 2094
 2095
 422
 950
1988
1989
1990
1991
2273
2274
2275
2276
2841
1219
1364

 383
1856
 317
 302
2400
2401
1879
2739

 423

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2968
  25
 881
Leriche, R.
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1808
2074
2186
2489
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Liebknecht, W. L.
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Leuret, J.	2721	Lightfoot, L. H
Levander, G.	1550 2490	Lillie, R. D.
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	2492	
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	2568	Lindenbaum, A.
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Levey, S.	951	
Levi, G.	2418	
Levi, G. M.	1657	Lindquist, B.
Levi, H. B.	1762	Lindqvist, M.
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Levie, L. H.	1162 1298 1409	
Levikova, A. M.	2499	Linggi, A.
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Levy, S. R.	388	Litovitz, T. A.
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Li, C. H.	849	Loeb, L.
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1316	Logan, R. A.
1337 1338 1339 1340	Long, M. L. Lontie, P. Looney, W. B
1341 1526 2048	Loosli, J. K Lorber, M.
 1448
 1044
 1307
 1358
 1359
 1360
 2091
 692
 1972
 1785
 1809
1224
 1992
 564
 693
 1993
 1994
 2500

  98
  99
 2569
 2594
 356
 1826
 1827
 1828
 2890
 1791
 1948
 1954
 2103
 2104
 2106
 2105
 1045
 1046
 207
 1425
 1426
 1427

  30
 1612

 1686
 2096
 2097
 2098
 1816
 1821
 2219
 593
 718
 834
 1135
 694
 724
  952
   27

 320
 321
 322
 323
 364
  569

 159
 1768
 1810
 2685
 2686
 1752

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Lorch, I. J.
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Lusignani, G.

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2688
2580
1773
 772
 594
1163
1658
1308
 773
1428
1948
1954
1996
2891
2892
1851
2900

 100
1047
 696
2595
2766
2650
1515
1164
1165
1168
1659
1660
2691
2698
2699
1977
2474
2670
 436
1918
1906
2596
 374
1925
1973
1986
 101
1661
 655
 660
 661
1228
 265
1516
2579
2597
2598
2600
2651
2691
2698
2699
   28

 324
 908
McGaw, W. H.

McGowan, J. P.
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McLean, F. C
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MacLeod, M.


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Macy, I. G.
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Maddock, S.
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2504
2505
2893
1048
2944
1662
2802
 858
 652
1225
1995

 628
 774
1925
 850
1428
1948
1954
1974
1996
2026
2106
2152
2802
   29
   30
   35
   55
   56
  156
  386
  882
  883
  884
  885
  886
  959
1226
1227
1228
1318
1348
1350
1383
1453
1454
1455
1535
1829
1967
2075
2231
2257
2542
2543
2544
2859
2894
2652

  702
  775
  518
1663
1901
1225
1429
2767
1245
1169
1344
2740
2756
2741
2629
2632
 776
Madsen, N. B.
Magnusson, T.
Mahan, M. L.
Mahot, H.
Main, E. R.
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Malmberg,  N.
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Manly, R. S.
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 1950
 1791
 1415
 2308
 2623
 2714
 2715
 2716
 2717
 1049
 1664
 1677
 2107
 2125
 2126
 2127
  535
  704
  719
  777
  818
  851
 1229
 1695
 1696
 2344
 1779
 1926
1230

  176
 1814
 2895
  926
 1423
  605
  927
  971
  843
 1132
 1156
 1166
 1505
 1894
 1902
 2023
 2028
 2157

  387

  388

  389
 1857
 1858
2914
il«58
 774
 1734

   61
  937
  938
  939
 823
 824
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 2832
 1073
1114
 223

 325
1927
1997
1998
1999
2258 
181
Marek, J.	2896
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Mariassy, B.	266
Marinelli, L.	248
Marks, P. A.	31
	32
	33
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Marques, A.	519
Marques, P.	489
Martin, A. V. W.	565
	571
Martin, E.	1109
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Martin Cazorla, F.	1309
Martin Lagos, F.	1666
Martin-Poggi, R.	811
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	2819
Martos, J.	1518
Maruyama, G.	2947
Marx, J.	1231
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Marx, W.	1276
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Mascherpa, P.	2900
Masella, T.	2768
Masmonteil, F.	2721
Mason, H. A.	2559
Masse, L.	167
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Massler, M.	1050
Mastrobuono, M.	110
Mastromarino, A.	1903
Mathews, M. B.	592
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Mathies, J. C.	778
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Matsuda, T.	859
Matthews, B. F.	102
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Matti, H.	2506
Mattick.	452
Matumoto, T.	2291
Matyas, J.	2314
Matzen, P. F.	1667
Maulbetsch, A.	354
Maun, M. E.	2029
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Maurer, P. H.	928
May, H.	2188
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Mayer, F. K.	365
Mayer, J.	2024
Maymone, B.	353
Maynard, L. A.	2662
Mazoue, H.	2276
Mead, E. R.	1157
Mechanik, N.	1668
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Megirian, D.	2622
Mehmel, M.	662
Meier, K.	2863
Meister, W.	2259
Mellanby, E.	1928
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	2732
	2733
	2742
	2743
	2744
	2745
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Melon, J.	215
	277
	278
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	297
	298
	299
	300
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	396
	620
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	1418
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	2109
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Meltzer, H.	2189
Mendel, L B.	2000
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Meroni, CM.	781
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Meyer zu Hbrste, G.	34
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Michaux, A.	250
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Mimura, T.	1059
Minder, W.	36
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Minear, W. L.	482
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Mitchell, H. H.	218
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	390
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Montanari Reggiani, M.	520
Montastruc, P.	440
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Moore, F. D.	239
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	525
	526
 
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Ogino, T.
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Okada, M.
0kland, F.


O'Leary, J.

Oliveira, H.  de

Olivo,  O. M.

 Omori, S.
Opdyke, M.
 Opie,  E.  L.
Orban, B.
 Orell, S.
Orent, E. R.
Oriekhovitch, V. N.

Orlov, M. IA.
Orr, J.
Orr, S. F. D.
Ortolani, M.
Orts Llorca, F.
Oshkaderov,  V.  I.
Osier, T. G.
Ostergren, K. I.
Ostertag, M.
Otsuka, J.
Ott, G. L.
Ottonello, P.
Ougaroff, A. A.
Outhouse, J.
Owen, E. C.
Owen, M.
Oya, M.

Paesi, F. J. A.
Paes Vasconcelos,  F.
Paff, G. H.
Page, I. H.
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Pahlke, G.
Paille, J.
Palm, L.
Palmer, J. W.
Palmer, L. S.

Palmer, N.
Panning, G.
Paoletti Perini, A.
Paolucci, F.
405	Papa, A.
977	Papilian, V.
	Parhon, C.-I.
2318	
1521	
	Pariente, R.
406	Park, E. A.
455	
1167	
1487	
1059	Parker, H. M.
180	Parker, S. G.
181	Parkes, A. S.
1488	Parkinson, A.
2623	Parlier, R.
2711	
1674	
2319	
1675	Parola, P.
1676	
1677	Partridge, S. M.
2002	Passarelli, L.
1958	Patras, M. C.
597	
1626	
2460	Patrick, H.
2511	
2512	Patwardhan, V. N.
2513	
2250	
2569	
374	
598	
599	
2367	
1961	Paul, K. G.
978	Pauling, L.
2925	Paulson, S.
521	
522	
2650	Pauwels, F.
850	
2028	
2002	
2926	
2306	
2076	Pavalnsky, R.
1949	Payton, C. G.
2003	
2694	
39	Pazzagli, R.
2004	Peacock, A.
1304	
2194	
40	Peacock, W. C.
41	Pearse, H. E., Jr
697	
2423	
2424	Pecco, R.
2624	Pecher, C.
793	
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2582	Pedersen, H. E.
2345	
489	
780	
984	Peguiron, L.
	Pegullo, J.
268	Pehu, M.
1922	
2927	
2111	
1243	Peirce, C. B.
2195	Peitsara, H.
2196
1678
1241
1242
2207
1009
1060
2044
2928
2590
1136
2837
  572
1044
1307
1358
1359
1360
 2548
  962
 2514
1208
1260
 1522
1523
 2772
 1770
 1771
 2846
 2847
 2848
 2929
 2933
 2954
 2680
  600
  106
  122
 1108
 1679
 1680
 1681
 1682
 1683
 1684
 1685
 1772
  523
  1061
 1110
 llll
 1243
 1062
 1112
 2368
 2581
  524
  525
  526
 2262
 2700
 2701
 2701
 1612
 1686
  2097
  2098
  2968
  2077
  796
  1689
  2931
  2932
  1994
  1687
Pendergrass, E. P.	550
Pepper, W. F.	1935
Percival, W. L.	392
	1860
Peregalli, P.	139
Perkins, H. R.	417
	698
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Perrone, J. C.	570
Perrottet, E.	719
	1229
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Persson, B. H.	70
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Pesce, G.	2299
Peschek, C.	981
Peschek, K.	81
Petersen, H.	890
Peterson, W. H.	2673
Petrescu, J.	1467
Petri, C.	1005
Petrina, N.	437
Pfefferkorn, G.	2389
Pfeiffer, C. A.	1354
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	1423
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	1431
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	2515
Pflugfelder, O.	1489
Philipp, K.	2213
Phillips, P. H.	2822
	2947
Phillips, R. L.	1407
Picard, J.	108
	109
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Piccoli, B.	2197
Pickering, D. E.	1047
Piedelievre	2320
Pierce, J. A.	2930
Pietrogrande, V.	225
Pilcher, C.	833
Pileggi, V. J.	706
Pin, P.	424
	703
Pinard, A.	527
Pincussen, L.	2198
Piotet, G.	1688
Piringer-Kuchinka, A.	1552
Pisa, M.	795
	1904
Piscitelli, L.	2197
Plane 1, H.	440
Plotz, CM.	1149
Plum, C. M.	1478
	2155
Plumlee, M. P.	1017
Pocoule, A.	511
Poglayen, C.	2395
Poletti, H.	1063
Polezhaev, L. V.	2199
	2200
Policard, A.	264
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Silberstein, L.


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Siluch, K. A.
Silvestre de Sacy, G.
Simazaki, S.
Simeon, A.
Simizu, M.
Simola, P. E.

Simon, R.


Simonart, J.

Simonnet, H.
Simonot, M. T.
Simon-Reuss, I.
Simpson, L.
Simpson, M. E.
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Sinelnikov, N. A.
Singer, L.
Singher, H. 0.
Sissons, H. A.

Sisto, L.
Sizoo, G. J.

Skipper, H. E.
Skinner, J. T.
Slack, H. G. B.

Sladky, F.
Slater, R. H.
Slessor, A.

Slijper, E. J.
Slinger, S. J.

Smith, A. H.
Smith, E. E.
Smith, E. L.
Smith, F. A.
 Smith, G. C.


 Smith, J.
 Smith, K. HcL.
 Smith, P. K.

 Smith, S. "".

 Smyth, E. M.

 Smyth, F. S.
Snapper,  I.

 Snellman, 0.
Soames, K. H.
Sobel, A. E.
 1334
 1335
 1341
 1342
 1420
 1447
 1474
 1493
 1494
 1525
 1526
 2047
 2048
 2049
 2325
 1785
 1818
 1819
 1820
 2583

  248
 1118
 2218
 2292
 1846
 1847
 1833
 2673
 567
 570
 1704
 2650
 827
 2525
 1705
 1935

 380
 1863
 1874
 1966
 1968
 1535
 2582
 2402
 2623
 2625
 1434
 1435
 1516
 1949
 1547
 1363
 1966
 1936
 2665
 957
 984
 1047
1254

 106

 122
 1108
 701
  20
  49
  50
  51
  52
  53
 366
 540
 626
 627
 669
 670
 828
Sobel, A. E,
965
	2284
	2285
	2286
	2585
	2621
	2656
	2704
Soeur, R.	2945
	2956
Sognnaes, R. F.	2627
Solarino, G.	2780
Solerio, L.	856
	857
Somogyi. E.	541
Sontag, L. W.	54
Srfrensen, A. H.	2141
Sos, J.	1448
	2027
Sosnovskaia, E. M.	2326
Sousa Pereira	118
	542
	1909
Spain, P.	2598
	2600
	2651
	2691
	2698
	2699
SpSth, H.	1797
Sperling, G.	1918
	2662
Sperling, L.	2219
Spiegel-Adolf, M.	2378
	2385
Spildo, L. S.	2008
Spinelli, A.	1336
Spitzer, R. R.	2947
Sprinson, D. B.	1178
Srlramachari, S.	2933
Stacey, M.	940
Stack, M. V.	608
Stanier, J. E.	977
Statsmann, L.	2823
Steadman, L. T.	339
Stearns, R.	2691
	2699
Steenbock, H.	429
	706
	1864
	1920
	2673
	2939
Steggerda, F. R.	224
Stein, I.	1736
Steindler, A.	2120
Steinman, C.	2526
Stephenson, N. R.	2079
Stephenson, S. R.	666
Stettner, E.	1083
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	2080
Stewart, J.	2009
Stirbu, A.	1242
Stoll, W. R.	400
Stolzberg, H.	2948
Storck, H.	1706
Strachman, N.	727
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Straumann, R.	555
 
188
Straumann. R. Straus, R.	625 2220	Takizawa, N.
Strauss, K.	2749	Talbot, N. B.
Streeter, G. L.	1085	Talia, F.
Striganova, A. R.	1255	Talmage, R. V
Strobino, L. J.	271	
	1707	Tamura, K.
Strom, L.	1838	Tanaka, M.
Struck, H. C.	2113 2114	Tangari, C. Tanko, B.
	2384	Tanz, S. S.
Strudel, G.	1910	
Studitskii, A. N.	1086	
	1087	Tanzi, B.
	1088	
	1089	
	2221	Tarjan, R.
	2527	Talifel, K.
	2528	
	2529	Taylor, H. L.
Studitsky, A. N., see
  Studitskii, A. N.

StUhler, R.
Sturm, K.
Sue, P.
Sugita, T,
Sukhatankar, D. R,
Sukhtankar, D. R.
Sulon, E.

Sumner, J. B.
Sundberg, R. D.
Sutro, C. J.

Suyama, Y.
Suzuki, T.

Sviridov, A. I.

Swann, M. M.

Swanson, W. W.
Swenson, 0.


Sylven, B.
Szabo, M.
Takahashi, S.
Takamatsu, H,
Takizawa, N.
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
 646
 647
 160
1404
1929
2001
2031
2032
2918
1771
2929
2769
2770
 707

 185
1449
1450
 765
1211
1783
1592

 173
 229
 230
 240

 272
2222
2223
 106

 119
 120
 121
 122
 926
 966
1108
2314
2010
 764
2287
Taylor, L. W.
Taylor, M. W.
Taylor, T. G.
Tempestini,  0.
Templeton, R. D,

Teneff, S.
Terada, E.
Terepka, A.  R.
Terzi, II.
Tessarolo, G.
Teucq, E.
Thamann,  F.
Theiler, A.


Theopold, W.
Thewlis, J.
Thiery, G.
Thomas, B. H.
Thomas, I.

Thomas,  R.
Thomas,  R.  D.
Thomas,  R.  0.
Thompson, J.
Thompson, W. (
Thomsen, H.
Thomson,  D.  L.
Thomson,  D.  M.
Thorp, W. T. S,
Thouren,  G.

Thunberg, T.
2290 2291	Thunberg, T.	432
	Timm, F.	2612
1451 1336	Timmer, G. J.	2305
1256	Timpe, 0.	2226
1257	Tinacci, F.	123
1452		124 1475
2267		1537
829		2825
2224 830	Tira, P. L.	1881
	Tischendorf. F.	1710
2557		
2558	Tischendorf, W.	161
340		1556
341	Titze, G.	1197
2681		2952
2309	Toaiari, E.	1665
430		1677 1711
321		
322		2107
364	Toajari, E., see Toaiari,	E.
2042	Todd, T. W.	1091
1159		1712 1737
2938		2955
1865		2956
2949	Todd, W. R.	394
1208		
1523	Tollman, J. P.	858
543	Tomasi, L.	2395
462	Toalin, D. H.	1119 1823
763		
2824	Tomlin, S. G.	587
1838	Tomlinson, T. H., Jr.	2011
2055	Tompsett, S. L.	2618
2758		2626
2788		2657
2789		2658
2225	Tonnet, J.	694
2644		
2645	Toribara, T. Y.	330
2646	T8r8, E.	2429
2647	Toth, E.	2027
1779		
2950	Toverud, G.	343
1090		1780
420	Toverud, K. U.	343
831		1780
1937		2046
2951		
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342 1044 1307 1358	Towey, J. P. Townsley, W.	1938 1713 1714
1359	Trintignac, P.	261
1360		2295
2967	Tristan, T. A.	2889
398	Trivellini, A.	2227
2690		
1235		2355
1816	Trizzino, E.	2826
1821	Troitskii, V. V.	1912
1536	Troitzky, W.	1092
1145	TrOmel, G.	310
898		314
1192	Trueta, J.	544 545
1251 1258		546
1-822	Tuba, J.	547 776
10		1950
2670	Tufano, A.	2953 2933
1708	Tulpule, P. G.	
1709		2954
431	Tum-Suden, C.	1170
 
189
Turner, C. W.
Turner, H. H.

Turner, W. D,
Tutt, M.
Tutt,
L.
Tweedy, W. R,
Tyler, C.

Tytell, A. A,
Uehlinger, E
Ulrich, F,
Ulrich, H.
Ulutas, I.
Underwood, E. E
Upp, C. W.
Urbanek,  L.

Urbanyi, L.
Urist, M. R
Usuelli, F.
Utsunomiya, S.

Uyldert, I.E.
Vaillancourt,  de G.
Vainio, S.
Valdes Santurio, E. I
Vanamee, P.
Van der Haas, G. J.
Van Dyke, D. C.
Van Huysen, G.
Van Metre, J. E., Jr
Van Hiddlesworth, L.
1124
1476

 302
2601
2695
2705
2591
2696
2697
1185
1225
1259
1260
2706
1781
1782
 595
 897
1764
2863
1337
1338
1339
1340

 249
1715
 623
1802
1824
1981
see Urbinyi,  L,
 223

 325

 344
1927
1997
1998
1999
2258
2896
2897
2898
2899
  55
  56
 885
 886
1350
1453
1454
1455
1967
2228
2229
2230
2231
2542
2543
2544
 379
 859
 860
1162
1161
2545
2144
 609
1847
1335
 629
2750
1882
2037
Van Middleton, L.
Van Nouhuys, K. F.
Van Slyke, K. K.

Van Voorhis,  S.  N.

Van Wyk, J. J.

Varela, B.
Vaughan, J.
Vaughan, J. M.


Venar, Y. A.

Vereby, K.
Verge Brian, F.
Verma, A. R.

Verne, J.
Verne, J.-M.
Verne-Soubiran, A.
Vigano, A.
Vigliani, F.
Viladot, A.
Villemin, F.
Villette, H.
Villiaumey, J.
Vincenti, M.

Vinogradova, T.
Vinson, C.
Virenque, J.
Virgin, W. J.
Visek, W. J.
Vivanco, F.
Vladutiu, 0.
Vogeleisen, A.
Vogels, R. J.
Voisin, R.
Volker, J. F.
Volynskii. F. A.
Voronin, G. N.

Voss, H.
Wachs, E. F.
Wachsmuth, G.
Wachtel, L. W.

Wadhwani, T. K.
Wagenfeld, M.

Wagoner, G.
Wainwright, W. W.

Wakeman, A. J.
Wakerlin, G. E.
Wal-Balacianu, R.
Waldman. J.
2707
2843
1722

 389

 629
2614
2615
2844
2601
2694
2695
2705
2591
2696
2697
2955
2956
 548
 521

 668

2081
2081
2081
1093
1716
1717
1718
1719
1570
1720
2275
 740
1538

 125
1456
 440
2122
2620
2038
1578
1166
1505
1902
 433
 489
2627
1721
2232
2233
 549
2838
2577
2674

 345
 463

  64

 112
 113
 114
 115
 126
 550
2234
2770
2781
2000
1522
1507
  35
 708
 709
Waldman, J.	959
Walker, A. R. P.	2782
Walker, D. G.	1267
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	1313
	1341
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Wallace, W. M.	71
Walmsley, R.	1094
Walter, C. W.	1722
Walter, H.	1690
Walthard, B.	2864
Walton, F.	504
Wang, T.	1302
Ward, A. A., Jr.	2209
Warkany, J.	2957
Warnock, G. McM.	1975
Warnock, G. M.	2133
Warren, R. F.	2465
Warrick, F. B.	686
Warwick, W. T.	1095
Washburne, S. L.	1723
Watanabe, T.	1783
	2031
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Watenpaugh, J. T.	1768
Watson, E. M.	832
	1146
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Watson, M. L.	2339
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Watson Jones, R.	899
Watts, W. M., Jr.	491
Weakley, C. E., Jr.	231
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Webster, S. S.	2332
Weidenreich, F.	900
Weidman, S. 11.	355
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Weikel, J. H., Jr.	637
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Weil, J. T.	2430
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Weill, L.	2279
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White, F. R.
White, M. R,
Whicher, C. H.
Widner, E.
Wieringen, G. van
Wiest, E.
Wiest, W. G.
Wilde, C. E.
Wilder, W.
Wiles, P.
Wilgus, H. S., Jr,
Wilke, C.  F.
Wilkins, W. E.

Wilkinson, G. W.
Williams, H. L,

Willis, R. A.
Willmer, E. N.
Willstaedt, H.

Wilson, C. L.
Wilson, D. W.
2258
2896
2897
2898
2899
2959
 784
1363
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
2235
2827
1984
2836
2960
2659
1949
 427
2607
2613
 832
2399
1304
 843
1132
1156
1505
2157
 706
2546
    1
1095
2675
1960
 833
 861
1729
2256
2333
1146
1147
2547
2431
2568
2578
1096
 360
Wilson, G. II.
Wilton, A.

Winick, M.
Winkler-Julesz, E,
Winter, W.
Winters,  J. C.
 Wiskott,  A.
Wislocki, G. B.

Wlassics, T. A.

Wlassics, T.
Wojta,  H.
Wolbach, S. B.
Wollenberg, G. A,
Wolpers, C.
Wolterink, L.  F.
Wood, D. R.
Wood, N. V., Jr.
Woodruff, L. A.
WOstmann, B. S. J.
Wright, R. D.
Wurmbach, H.
Wyburn, G. M.


Wyman, L. C.
Yamane, T.

Yamaguchi, H.
Wyss,  T.
1870	Yanagida, H.	1263
1262	Yasvoin, G.	1098 1940 860
2250	Yeager, R.	
1913	Yoshimura, K.	
2761	Yoshitomi, M.	57
127	Young, M.	2013
1940	Younger, F.	2778
2961	YU, T. F.	19
1097		58 685
59		758
128	Yuan, Y. K.	2063
1866	Zaayer, J. J. P.	2432
1169	Zacco, M.	2963
1344	Zagnoni, C.	1527
1939	Zambelli, E.	551
1984		1867
2722	Zanaboni, A.	2548
2740 2741	Zarapico, M.	1666
2752	Zarrow, M. X.	1365
2753	Zawisch, C.	205
2754		
2755		710
2756		1557
2828		2082
2941		2268
2962	Zawisch-Ossenitz, C.,	
610	see Zawisch, C.	
1148	Zazybin, N.	1914
1456	Zbinden, G.	147
1541		
1831	Zenkevich, P. I.	233
650 2686	Zeldenrust, J.	996
	Zetterstrttm, R.	395
		558
433		834
1750		875
1841		1264
1842		1849
1843		2964
1844		2965
1730	Zilva, S. S.	2809
574	Zimmermann, A.	2327
827	Zimmermann, G.	439
2525	Zinn, C. J.	1915
	Zollinger, R.	1916
1170	Zondek, B.	1422
1951	Zorzoli, A.	835 836
93	Zucker, L. M.	1941
1731	Zucker, T. F.	1941 2013
■Cl U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1955 O— 340042 
 
 
 
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