">' J3W JO Anvmn TVNOUVN 3NIDI03W JO AXVUtll TVNOUVN dm JltJ*l"r dU AaVflVII IYINUUVIN NAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE Q3W JO HVmil TVNOUVN 3NIDIQ3W JO AHVaaiT TVNOUVN 8 -^ J ^> 8 3NIDIC-3W JO A»V!l9n TVNOUVN 3Ni: 9 9- V >NAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE JO XHVafll* IVNOUVN 3HlJOAia3dO>ld IQ3W JO ASVJUIT TVNOUVN 3NIDIQ3W JO A8V89IT TVNOUVN /Jffit r £ NATI / t ^ o^ 3NIDIQ3VY JO AdVafllT TVNOUVN 3NK >NAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE 03W JO AlVilli TVNOUVN 3NIDIQ3W JO AaVDIll TVNOUVN 3NI3IC3W JO AIVMII TVNOUVN 3Ni: •8 ' ^< 7 X I V * \ ^. IBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL Lit JO A«V»in TVNOUVN / f. ■-*, ^ - >> cW i 3NIDIQ3W JO A»V«n TVNOUVN ^\,/ LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE JO AaVellT TVNOUVN 3NIDIQ3W JO AaVaSn TVNOUVN 3NIDK33W JC I • W I %/\ * / 'r*9 * VW y i x W^ * W x NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIE ^P" * vA 1 X 3NI3I03W JO AUVKIIT TVNOUVN | '^y > | ° Appendix H. Statement by the National Library of Medicine----------- lt>i T, _______________ 165 Index______________________________________________ hi DRUG LITERATURE Introductory Statement by Senator Hubert H. Humphrey, Chairman, Senate Subcommittee on Reorganization and International Organizations This committee print is submitted as a reference tool. It is designed as an aid to the subcommittee's study of "Interagency Coordination in Drug Research and Regulation." This study is being conducted pursuant to Senate Resolution 27, 88th Congress. That resolution, like a series of earlier authorities, authorized broad studies of "interagency coordination, economy, and efficiency." Coordination is, of course, impossible without effective mobilization, exchange, and use of information. Problem of "Keeping Up With the Literature" Actually, "keeping up with the literature" is a universal problem in the pharmaceutical, as in other, sciences. The problem confronts all persons and organizations concerned with the healing arts—includ- ing Federal employees and organizations. From the standpoint of the Senate Committee on Government Operations, the interest of agencies in the executive branch is naturally of special concern. These agencies spend over $150 million a year for four types of drug programs. The programs include (a) drug regulation, e.g., the Food and Drug Administration and the Division of Biological Standards of the National Institutes of Health; (b) drug research, e.g., the National Institutes of Health and the Veterans' Administration; (c) drug pur- chases, e.g., the hospital sj'stems of the Veterans' Administration, the Public Health Service, and the Department of Defense, and, for oversea use, the Agency for International Development; (d) drug use in preventive, curative, and restorative medical care programs—the three Federal hospital systems. Background to Part 1 ox Drug Literature Analysis of drug literature is but the latest phase in this subcom- mittee's continuing review of problems of information which prevail throughout all of science. For 6 years the overall information problem has been studied by the Senate Committee on Government Operations as a whole, and by this subcommittee in particular. Findings of our studies have been issued to date in numerous hearings, committee prints, reports, documents, and processed releases.1 The present publication is the first exclusively devoted to drug literature, as such. ' For background to the subcommittee's overall study of scientific and technical information, see Senate Committee on Government Operations, Subcommittee on Reorganization and International Organiza- tions "Interagency- Coordination of Information," hearing, September 21, 1962, pt. 1, exhibit 1, pp. 4-20. For a list of publications issued bv the committee and by the subcommittee, see Senate Committee on Government Operations, Subcommittee on Reorganization and International Organizations, "Interagency Coordination in Drug Research and Regulation," hearings, pt. 2, exhibit 95, pp. 588-591. V VI DRUG LITERATURE Survey Delegated to National Library of Medicine The subcommittee knew that a panoramic look by an independent source at the drug literature problem would prove helpful to com- pletion of our overall mission. Accordingly, the subcommittee called on an organization uniquely qualified to make such an examination—the National Library of Medicine. This great institution responded, helpfully and promptly.2 Its survey is reprinted verbatim (with the exception of a few appendix- type materials, which the library had submitted for our back- ground study). The survey is the work of Winifred Sewell, Deputy Chief, Biblio- graphic Services Division of the National Library of Medicine. I should like to express my appreciation to her and to the many other members of NLM's staff who provided such competent service. Facts Regarding the Library's Survey A few facts should be borne in mind concerning this survey: a. The library was asked for but a brief summary. The survey, itself, therefore, is only 39 pages long. The remainder of the volume consists of appendixes and the index. b. Only a relatively brief time was available for the survey's prepa- ration. The reason is that the subcommittee has only a relatively short period available for the overall drug study. Thereafter other issues will require our attention. c. The survey is on literature, i.e., on recorded information, usually in its printed form. The survey refers only briefly to spoken informa- tion, per se—spoken, for example, between physician and pharmacist, physician and nurse, physician and patient, physician and detailman (pp. 37-38), or researcher and researcher. d. The survey contains only a brief conclusion by Miss Sewell (p. 39). Brief Summary of Survey's Findings Each reader of the NLM survey will naturally tend to review it from his own particular standpoint. What appears "significant" in the survey to one reader may appear relatively "minor" to another. If one were, however, to attempt a brief summary of the survey's findings from the viewpoint of the Congress, the following 15 points would, I believe, be included: 1. Drug literature is vast and complex. The very problem of defining what constitutes the literature is difficult. 2. Depending on definition, the literature may be said to include primary journals, abstracting and indexing publications, books (in- cluding compendia), monographs, patents, proceedings, reviews, package inserts, as well as such related forms as house organs, news- letters, promotional literature, analyses by consultant services, et cetera. 3. Many sources are responsible for drug information media services, and tools. These sources include governmental and inter- 2 For further background to the origin of this report, see the subcommittee's exchange of correspondence with Frank B. Rogers, M.D., Director, National Library of Medicine, In a supplement to this statement p. VIII. DRUG LITERATURE vn governmental organizations, pharmaceutical companies, professional and trade societies, universities, foundations, and other not-for-profit sources, commercial publishers, consultants, and others. 4. Drug literature is growing rapidly in size. It is also increasingly complex, i.e., interdisciplinar}' and interprofessional in nature. Thus, drug information "sprawls across" many professional journals of tho most varied types. 5. Literature on drug research is growing particularly rapidly, as Federal and private support of research mounts. 6. Literature of interest to the pharmaceutical educator is increas- ing. Effective management of this literature poses many problems. 7. Literature on clinical experience with drugs is sizable and is growing. Its effective use by the practitioner offers many difficulties 8. There is, thus, a wide array of specialized audiences interested in various phases of drug literature. The interests tend to overlap, but specialized problems arise in connection with each audience's attempt to use that portion of the literature which is of particular interest. 9. Many significant innovations have been and are being made in drug documentation and information systems. 10. Competent evaluation of masses of drug information is particu- larly necessary. 11. Confusion over a multiplicity of drug names for the same com- pound continues to handicap the pharmaceutical and documentation sciences. 12. Drug literature, like other scientific literature, is international in origin and use; international teamwork is therefore essential in dealing with literature problems. 13. It cannot be assumed that the world's "principal" journals on drugs can be relied upon for "adequate" coverage; case studies prove that many references appear in what might otherwise be termed "obscure" journals. 14. Much important drug information is not "published"; informa- tion on adverse reactions to drugs, much of which is not published, is a leading example. 15. There is no simple or single solution to the "problem" of drug literature because it is really a complex of problems, requiring a com- plex of efforts. It is at this point that the NLM survey concludes. Evaluation of This and Other Materials Finally, the subcommittee's own evaluation will begin where this and other materials leave off. In the subcommittee's evaluation, it will examine facts gathered throughout its study, by this survey, by hearings, staff analyses, correspondence, visits, and other means. The subcommittee's evaluation will, of course, extend over a much broader area than the NLM survey—it will include, for example, the Federal agencies' own internal information systems, as well as inter- agency information exchange, and it will cover many other forms of drug knowledge, including unpublished information, rather than "the open literature" alone. SUPPLEMENT TO SENATOR HUMPHREY'S STATEMENT: TEXT OF EXCHANGE OF CORRESPONDENCE WITH NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE _ „ 10,0 December 11, 1962. Dr. Frank B. Rogers, Director, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Md. Dear Dr. Rogers: Following up on the subcommittee's hearings of August 1 and 9, 1962, I should like to ask the cooperation of the National Library of Medi- cine in preparing an analysis on the theme, "The Nature and Magnitude of Drug Literature." The analysis would include: Quotation of the views of authorities within and outside the Government, together with statistical and descriptive data, as to the types and quantity of (a) published and (to the extent material is available) (b) unpublished information, on drugs. The purpose in making this request is to secure for purposes of publication an account which may be useful to the Congress and the healing arts for both back- ground and understanding. Essentially, we are interested in this information as it may shed light on the problem of "keeping up with the literature." I refer to the problem as it con- fronts, in particular— (a) Basic and applied drug researchers; (b) practicing physicians, including— (1) General practititoners; (2) Specialists in a few of the larger fields, such as pediatrics, ob- stetrics and gynecology, etc. The summary should specifically include authoritative quotations and an analysis as to the problem of keeping up with published and unpublished infor- mation on adverse drug reactions. The national library should feel free to draw up the summary in whatever for- mat, length, and depth it believes appropriate and feasible in time for transmittal by early February 1963. The library is free, and indeed is urged, to inform interested sources as to this request, so that the cooperation of any and all expert groups—within or outside the Government which might be interested in providing assistance—can be enlisted. In particular, I would hope that the Food and Drug Administration, the National Institutes of Health, the American Medical Association, the Pharma- ceutical Manufacturers Association, the American Pharmaceutical Association, among others, might be invited, if only informally, to furnish whatever sugges- tions they and NLM might regard as feasible within the relatively limited time available. The library is invited to express any judgment of its own which it may wish to present on the subject, or, if it so desires, merely to quote the judgment of others, as already expressed within the literature. (It is recognized that time would not be available to invite detailed new judgment on the part of repre- sentative authorities.) If there are any questions, please do not hesitate to make inquiry of my office or of the subcommittee staff. Thank you for the cooperation which has already been repeatedly and valuably extended to the subcommittee. Sincerely, Hubert H. Humphrey, Subcommittee Chairman. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Md., December 17, 1962. Dear Senator Humphrey: This morning I met with my chiefs of division to confer on your request that the National Library of Medicine prepare an analysis on the theme "The Nature and Magnitude of Drug Literature. We were all vrn DRUG LITERATURE IX agreed that this is a difficult assignment, especially within the timespan proposed. But we will undertake it and have allotted our human resources accordingly. We will put forth our best effort and hope that the result will measure up to your expectation. Sincerely yours, Frank B. Rogers, M.D., Director, National Library of Medicine. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Md., February 21, 1968. Dear Senator Humphrey: I am attaching copies of the report entitled "The Nature and Magnitude of Drug Literature," which represents the National Library of Medicine's response to your request of December 11, 1962. I hope we have correctly interpreted your requirements, and that your committee will find the substance of this report useful in its further deliberations. As you requested, during the preparation of this report we have been in touch, through personal visitations, with officials of Biological Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts, Institute for Advancement of Medical Communication, Institute for Scientific Information, Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, American Pharmaceutical Association, American Medical Association, and Food and Drug Administration. We wish to acknowledge the many contributions of these organ- izations in helping us to uncover portions of the data included in this report. The report is primarily the work of Miss Winifred Sewell, Deputy Chief, Bibliographic Services Division, National Library of Medicine. While other staff members participated in gathering information, running down references, offering criticism of various sections, and the like, only Miss Sewell's extraordinary, devoted, and untiring efforts, and her outstanding background and experience in this particular field have permitted the preparation of this report within the stringent time limitations. Sincerely yours, Frank B. Rogers, M.D., Director, National Library of Medicine. April 3, 1963. Dr. Frank Rogers, Director, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland Dear Dr. Rogers: This has been my first opportunity to express the sub- committee's appreciation for the excellent report furnished so promptly by the library on "The Nature and Magnitude of Drug Literature." I feel confident that the report's publication as a committee print will now serve a very useful purpose for the Congress, for the scientific community, and for interested laymen. I should like to extend a cordial invitation to the library to supplement the report with a statement of its own which might be incorporated as an additional appendix to the print. This statement would be devoted to the past, present, and future activities of the library itself with respect to the management of published drug information. I believe that the scientific community, by and large, appreciates the extremely significant contributions which have been made by the library down through the years and the enormous potential through MEDLARS—for drug information and innumerable other purposes. A statement on your part would, I believe, help to round out the overall report. It would provide information of the type which the Congress, the professions, and the general public should have available on NLM's own central role. . It would be particularly helpful if you might provide us a brief preview, if that is at all feasible at this early date, as to what NLM's role might be (subject to the decision of the Surgeon General) in relation to the proposed National Drug Information Clearinghouse. Looking forward to hearing from you further," 1 am, Si n cptgIv ' Hubert H. Humphrey, Subcommittee Chairman. »The statement, as requested, by the National Library of Medicine, appears herein as appendix H. SECTION 1 THE NATURE AND MAGNITUDE OF DRUG LITERATURE To describe the nature and magnitude of the drug literature is a little like trying to describe the nature and magnitude of the fleas on a mongrel while pursuing him down a dark alley. The simile is no I entirely appropriate, however, because there is a certain uniformity among fleas, whereas in the drug literature we are dealing with a wide variety of forms and kinds of publications, diverse subject matter, a field in which national boundaries are transcended, and one that is constantly changing. A number of the items included in this report were obtained prior to their publication, and others came from personal communications; some services that are mentioned are still in the planning stage, yet there is no assurance that some of the information will not be out of date next month. Because of this fluidity, and because of the variety of people and groups interested in drugs and publications about them from one or another point of view, it is virtually impossible to assure that the picture here presented is complete. But this report should give a broad overview that will suggest both the complexity of the problem and the tremendous amount of continued concern and effort toward its solution. If one considers all the literature of interest to those who develop drugs and to those who use drugs as modalities, then the pharmaceuti- cal literature is nearly the sum of all medical and chemical literature plus much other social, economic, and scientific material. Dr. Langlykke (appendix A 1) has defined drug literature as "any pub- lishedpapers on preparations with potential therapeutic or diagnostic activity, either natural or synthetic." He points out that "these papers could cover any aspect of these preparations, such as chemistry, pharmacology, market potential, nomenclature, clinical investigation, toxicity, methods for compounding, storing and dispensing them, etc." He includes the application of pharmaceutical preparations for non-therapeutic uses, such as the agricultural use of antibiotics, and mentions interest in basic physiological mechanisms which might potentially be controlled by drug or enzyme activity. Though such matters are of fundamental interest, for purposes of this paper we have had to use a much narrower definition; by our definition, a paper in synthetic chemistry or one on screening a group of chemicals for carcinogenic activity becomes a part of the "drug literature" at that point when one of the chemicals synthesized or screened attains interest as a diagnostic or therapeutic aeent. But even this definition is not so simple as it may seem, for we are faced with the question: "What is a drug?" If we limit ourselves to products that are marketed for therapeutic or diagnostic use some- where in the world, we overlook all those materials that are in process of development and clinical investigation. But if we include any chemical with physiologic activity, we include almost all chemicals. Sulfuric acid has strong physiologic action on the skin, yet it would l 2 DRUG LITERATURE scarcely be considered a drug. Section 210(g) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act says: "The term 'drug' means (1) articles recognized in the official United States Pharmacopeia, official Home- opathic Pharmacopoeia of the United States, or official National Formulary, or any supplement to any of them; and (2) articles in- tended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or pre- vention of disease in man or other animals; and (3) articles (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body of man or other animals; and (4) articles intended for use as a component of any articles specified in clause (1), (2), or (8); but does not include devices or their components, parts, or accessories." We have attempted to confine our study to literature on drugs as defined by the act. Even so, it should be clear that the "drugs" we are concerned with are widely varied. The American Pharmaceutical Association 1 has recently listed the following types of drugs: narcotics, prescription legend drugs, investigational drugs, and nonprescription drugs. Each is carefully defined and may include subclasses. It is apparent that the literature on each of these kinds of drug will vary as to place of appearance, volume, approach, and audience. The changing character of the drug literature derives partially from the many changes in documentation techniques, but more profoundly from the rapid growth and change in the pharmaceutical field caused by the constantly increasing attention to health problems and the multiplication of amounts spent for research thereon. Within the pharmaceutical industry alone, research expenditures doubled be- tween 1956 ($105,000,000) 2 and 1961 ($233,000,000).3 This em- phasis is reflected in the number and changes in category of new drugs introduced over the past 20 years.* Limiting the scope of the drug literature still leaves us with a wide variety of subjects. One source 5 says "An investigator or clinician interested in the role of vitamins in nutrition may find the pertinent publications on one specific problem scattered through journals of botany and plant physiology, experimental biology, microbiology, bacteriology, physiology, chemistry and biochemistry, or in organs devoted to various clinical specialties, as cancer, dermatology, endocri- nology, pediatrics, nutrition." In discussing searching in the phar- maceutical literature, Oatfield and Emilio 6 suggests that "a problem relating to the properties of propellants may take one into the classi- fied abstracts section of the British Interplanetary Society Journal after Chemical Abstracts and the Engineering Index have yielded up their leads * * *" In describing the literature of hospital pharmacy, Don Francke 7 says "it encompasses the literature of pharmacy which in itself is as diverse as the basic sciences which underlie it." But even when he limits the subject to pharmaceutical practice peculiar to hospitals, "there is overlapping because the basic ideas used in hospital practice find their counterparts in numerous other fields. * * * An article on the degradation of glucose solutions or one on the stability of alkaloids « Mimeographed document from American Pharmaceutical Association. » New Medical Materia 1: 22, Apr. 1959. » Drug Trade News 36: 25, Aug. 7, 1961. * Kramer, Lucy M., Drugs and medicines. Public Health'Reports 73:929-939, Oct 1958 s American Foundation. Medical research: a midcentury survey. Boston. Little Rrnwn lose ™i i pp. 705-706. ' "IUW"> 1V00> voi. i, • Oatfield, Harold and Emilio, Betty Reynolds, Some aspects of searching in the Dharmaceuttr.»l m»r» ture: reference fringe benefits, American Documentation 9: 238-272, Oct. 1958. Pharmaceutical "tera- ' Francke, Don E., The written word, American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 18: 3 Jan. 1961. DRUG LITERATURE 3 after sterilization, for example, are not limited to hospital pharmacists in their usefulness * * *." A glance at the journals cited under a particular drug name in any of the abstracting or indexing journals will reveal that almost any drug is being written about in many countries. Opening the January 1963 Index Medicus at random, we note that the 13 papers listed under Imipramine come from Scandinavia, Australia, France, United States, Switzerland, New Zealand, Germany, and England. This transcen- dence of geographic boundaries is to be expected in a field involved with curing of human ills. A recent list of Single Chemical Entities Introduced in the United States8 contains, in the 540 entities men- tioned, 207 that were discovered outside the United States, although extensive work to bring them from discovery to actual market prod- ucts was done in this country. Countries mentioned as original sources vary from the major European countries to Japan, India, Australia, Mexico, and Argentina. Drug developments in individual countries also affect the publica- tion pattern. "Usage patterns vary in different parts of the world, so that what is obsolete in one area may yet be favored in another. * * * Needless to say, the state of development of pharmaceutical practice in a country strongly affects drug information dissemination. Interest in a class of products may so strongly influence publication that sources are produced for the whole world to use, as in the case of medicinal plant sources currently being published in India." 9 International exchange of information specifically on drugs has been recommended for some time,9 and is just now undergoing intensive study. Resolutions of the 15th World Health Assembly (May 1962), the 16th Pan American Sanitary Conference (Sept. 1962), and the Executive Board of the World Health Organization (Jan. 1963) have all endorsed the early establishment of a means for exchange of infor- mation among countries on serious adverse drug reactions. The WHO Subcommittee on Non-proprietary Names of the Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations pub- lished its first fist of proposed international nonproprietary names in 1953.10 Since that time, considerable progress has been made toward insuring that papers on drugs will be tied together by a unique and universal nonproprietary name. However, as will be seen from our discussion on drug compendia, it is obvious that much remains to be done. ! deHaen Paul, Review of drugs, 1941-1961, Washington, D.C., Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Asso- ciation 1962 mimeographed; see also Wilkinson, Herbert S., History and evolution of the pharmaceutical industry. In National Pharmaceutical Council, Inc., The workings and philosophies of the pharmaceutical industry, New York, 1959, p. 15. , ___ • McCann Anne and Bovkin, Elizabeth, Pharmacy's maze: a bibliographic approach to the problem of drue information. Journal Mondial de Pharmacie 1957-1958: 229-235, July-Aup. 1958. »• Proposed international non-proprietary names, Chronicle of the World Health Organization 7: 299-324, Oct. 1953; see also World Health Organization, C lmulative list of proposed international non-proprietary names for pharmaceutical reparations; Geneva, 1962. SECTION 2 SOME RELATED PROBLEMS It should never be forgotten that many of the complications and complexities of the drug literature are not basic to the literature, but to the field itself. Complicated problems give rise to complicated reports, and incomplete understandings will often underlie the lacunae in reports. The bewildering multifactorial aspects of clinical observa- tions are not made less bewildering by simple transmutation to words on paper. In 1956, Dr. Ethan Allan Brown published a review on the reporting of drug toxicity 1! which describes part of this difficult area. In dis- cussing the quandary of the physician in weighing the dangers of a disease against the dangers of a drug, Dr. Brown says that the physi- cian "must, of course, keep informed of the recent literature con- cerned with the reactions caused by drugs. His absolute dependence upon such reports of reactions necessitates a critical examination of their nature and adequacy. But, with our present method of report- ing toxicity, the clinician faced with a particular patient has neither the information nor the attitude he needs to measure the hazards involved in using modern potent drugs. * * * Anything less than the most carefully thought-thro ugh reports of toxicity can either com- municate an undue enthusiasm for the drug or an unwarranted fear of its use, or else a swing from one extreme to the other. Such extreme attitudes are both invalid and harmful to our patients, because a drug which has passed through the vicissitudes of optimism and pessimism rarely finds its way back to its exact place in our armamentarium. Both physician and patient are human and, unhappily as seen in medical history, drugs are consistently considered to carry reputations for good and evil, neither of which is related to the facts." Dr. Brown carefully analyzes all the factors that may confuse the picture in toxicity reporting, and points out problems with various kinds of publication. He mentions epidemiologic studies as a pos- sible source of reliable information, but says "Valuable though these studies may be, they are not clinically significant unless or until the physician has statistical data on the number of patients exposed to the drug. * * * Unfortunately, the number of patients who have been exposed to any one drug is not generally available." He quotes a British Medical Journal editorial:n "It seems probable that the variation of incidence of toxic symptoms is a reflection of the difference in the observers, or in the conditions of observations. If so, too much attention should not be paid to the percentage of toxic reactions as an indication of risks of using the drug." h Rrown, Ethan Allan, The reporting of drug toxicity. Annals of Allergy 14: 206-226 Mar -Anr 1956 « Toxic effects of phenylbutazone, British Medical Journal 1: 1322, June 13, 1953. ' ' 4 DRUG LITERATURE 5 With respect to case reports in the medical literature and at medical meetings, he quotes the New England Journal of Medicine:13 "Unless these reports are carefully considered in context, including such data as the number of patients to whom the drug has been given, the amount prescribed and the number of lives saved, incorrect impressions are imparted to physicians. * * * There is danger in viewing case reports with alarm unless they are sufficiently broad in scope to include the indications, limitations, and contraindications of the drug under criticism. The busy practitioner, with neither time nor facilities to evaluate the broader aspects of one of the newer agents, may be influenced to withhold the drug when it might be sound practice to administer it." In discussing an FDA survey on anaphylactoid reactions to penicillin in 95 hospitals in 11 cities which uncovered 84 such reactions of which 24 were fatal, Dr. Brown says: "Significantly, not one of the anaphylactoid reactions uncovered in the FDA survey had ever been reported in the literature. This suggests that the case report approach, as compared with the large scale survey, is not a good guide in the evaluation of drug toxicity." He points out that different forms of penicillin have different reaction rates, a fact which "has been obscured by references in the literature to 'reactions to penicillin.' * * * The available data on penicillin suggest that, if reporting of toxicity is to serve as a guide to clinical judgment, it is important to do more than collect generic observations on penicillin. It is necessary to know when the reactions occurred. Valid and useful data will also be derived from studies which differentiate between the specific drugs and dosage forms, and note the characteristics of the patients, and the reaction rates of different groups of individuals in the patient population." There are, of course, many papers on the problems of using toxicity data and of clinical evaluation of drugs in general. And a number of groups concerned with these problems have been or are being set up, such as the Public Health Service National Clearinghouse for Poison Control Centers, the FDA Adverse Reaction Program, the AMA's Registry of Blood Dyscrasias, recently expanded to the Registry of Adverse Reactions, and the PMA's Commission on Drug Safety. Except as sources of published information, however, they are outside the scope of this report. >J Pharmaceutical fact and faney. New England Journal of Medicine 248: 1075-1076, June 18,1953. SECTION 3 RECOGNITION OF A PROBLEM With a varied, voluminous, and elusive drug literature, it is not surprising that many people have complained of it. Describing him- self as a "layman," David Sarnoff made some dramatic remarks: "The thrust of invention and development has placed us all in an infor- mational pressure cooker, and nowhere is this fact more clinically apparent than in the field of medicine. I am told by a doctor friend that 7 out of 10 prescriptions written today are for items unknown to medicine before World War II. The communications problems that result are more serious here than in any other area, since human health and life itself are involved. * * * No requirement is more fundamental to the research scientist than knowing what has been done in his immediate area and in related areas. Lacking this knowledge, he can grope aimlessly, duplicating the work of others to a wasteful extent. In industry, such duplication costs an estimated billion dollars a year, and the toll is comparable in other fields." Dr. Modell, in speaking of "the drug explosion" says: 15 "Excessive numbers of drugs are now being introduced—excessive in view of the working capacities of those competent to test their safety and utility in man, excessive in view of the subjects available for the testing of their effects, dangers and uses in man, and excessive in view of the ability of those who must assimilate the essential knowledge and learn how to prescribe them effectively and safely, rationally rather than routinely." A hospital pharmacist, Dr. Francke, says:18 "Despite the efforts of the AMA's Council on Drugs, physicians today do not have the help they so desperately need in selecting drugs. How do they select the 'best' drug from among approximately 45 different tranquilizers, 20 psychic energizers, 20 sedatives, 25 antihistamines, 30 antispasmodics, or 30 diuretics available when each is said to be the 'best'?" Until evaluative information is available, he adds, "a larger number of physicians will pride themselves in prescribing the latest drug and the newest combination, thus perpetuating the vicious cycle. No basic progress will be made in correcting this problem until physicians themselves recognize that a problem exists and that they themselves have helped to create it." m Sarnoff, David, Communications and medicine, address before 1961 National Health Forum Mar 16 1961, mimeographed. »s Modell, Walter, The drug explosion, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2: 1-7 Jan-Feb 1961 "Francke, Don E., Investigational drugs and drug Investigations, American Journal of HosDital Pharmacy 19: 511, October 1962. *«»iui.' Welt, Isaac D., Index-handbook of cardiovascular agents, Washington, D.C, National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, 1960, vol. 2, part 1, p. v. i* Price, David E., The importance of communications to research in the biomedical sciences, in MSI National Health Forum on better communications for better health, Mar. 14-16, Preforum materials, New York, National Health Council. SECTION 4 VARIETY OF AUDIENCES It is apparent that there are a great many audiences for drug literature. McCann and Boykin, in speaking of drug information, say:19 "Many, many different people with varied responsibilities in the health field constantly seek such information. Consider, for example, the pharmacist who has to fill a prescription which originated in far-off Jugoslavia, or the physician who wants additional data about a very recent drug mentioned in a current journal, or manu- facturing personnel, who must have the very latest information on their own drugs and others of related activity in order to guide the course of a therapeutically active compound from discovery to market. Dentists, nurses, and veterinarians too are qualified users of thera- peutic substances. A group growing in importance includes health educators and science writers, who also share the responsibility of getting information to the layman, concerned with disease as a personal problem and with the role of drugs in safeguarding health." Chemists, biophysicists, pharmacologists, pharmacists, drug manu- facturers, general practitioners, specialists, nurses—all these people may be found in various kinds of organizations. They are in govern- ment, in industry, in universities, and in foundations; their impression of what is important in the drug literature, or what, indeed, the drug literature is, may vary widely. The interests of all audiences cannot be covered equally, even though each may have its unique needs. In this report we do not touch on drug literature problems specific to the medical historian, to the veterinarian, or to other specialist groups. It has also been impossible to take up the drug literature which reaches the layman, although the impact of this literature represents a definite problem to the physician. As expressed by Modell:20 "The newspapers, too, especially the Sunday supplements, have a special passion for dis- closing undigested information on drugs which have a suggestive design of pharmacologic action, and for presenting them forthwith as having unquestioned clinical utility. Such publicity frequently is followed by public pressure on the medical profession to make pre- mature use of poorly-tested drugs." » McCann, Anne and Boykin, Elizabeth, Pharmacy's maze: a bibliographic approach to the problem of drug information, Journal Mondial do Pharmacie 1957-1058- 229-235. July-Aug. 1958. 20 Modell, Walter, The basis for the choice and use of new drugs, GP 20: 129-137, July 1959. 8 SECTION 5 ORGANIZED GROUPS CONCERNED WITH THE DRUG LITERATURE That the magnitude of the drug literature and its control are of primary importance to a variety of audiences is evidenced by the number of professional groups that have these problems as their basic concern. They are treated separately here because their activities tend to point up major problems and the steps that have been taken to overcome them. A. Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Research and Development Section, Literature Committee. The Liter- ature Committee was established in 1958 upon the recommendation of Dr. Asger Langlykke in his "Discussion of Pharmaceutical Literature Control" (appendix A 1). Its annual reports (appendix A 2-5) con- stitute reviews of the developments which affect not only the narrowly defined pharmaceutical literature, but all research literature of inter- est to scientists in the pharmaceutical industry. It has, in its mem- bership, "deliberately avoided" experts in literature documentation or library methods "in order to maintain a viewpoint * * * of the nonprofessional user of the literature rather than that of the informa- tion specialist" (appendix A 2). In connection with the latter ap- proach, they have worked closely with the LABS Committee of Special Libraries Association's Pharmaceutical Section and with other information specialists. For instance, Dr. Alexander Moore spoke at the meeting of the International Federation of Documentation in 1961. Besides reviewing developments as they occur, the committee has identified major problem areas in scientific literature control and has actively encouraged other groups in their steps toward solutions. The committee has summarized its answer to the question: "What does the pharmaceutical industry need in the way of literature serv- ices that it does not already have?" by saying "We need two things very badly. First, we need an alerting service. Our laboratory people need to know scientific information related to their work as quickly after it is published as possible. * * * Secondly, our labora- tory people need to have indexes, or punched cards, or magnetic tapes.- in order that they may quickly learn whether a specific bit of informa- tion which they need exists in the literature or whether it does not. If there is a lag of 3 or 4 years in indexes to the scientific literature, our laboratory people accept this fact and do not complain excessively about it; however, we know, and you know, that their research effi- ciency is greatly impaired" (appendix A 3). The committee has sug- gested that "other parts of our scientific community have similar needs. For example, the moneys appropriated by Congress for re- search in areas related to the development of new drugs and pharma- 9 10 DRUG LITERATURE ceuticals is larger than the total research expenditures of our whole industry, and this Government-financed research must need informa- tion services like those needed by our industry" (appendix A 4). After a formal meeting with representatives of major abstracting and indexing services in 1961, the Literature Committee and the Steering Committee of PMA's Research and Development Section "agreed that we should cooperate with the existing services if they can supply our needs, rather than setting up an American counterpart of the Documentation Ring" (appendix A 4). In encouraging groups working toward solutions of their literature problems the committee has used a variety of methods, from recom- mending production of Index Chemicus and urging its support by their member firms to sending comments on index headings of Index Medicus to the National Library of Medicine. At present they are polling technical information departments of member companies on the proposed Chemical Abstracts service, Chemical-Biological Ac- tivities (appendix A 5). As early as 1960, the committee reported: "The most significant observation we have made is that the literature services are in a state of flux. They are gradually changing their policies, and we are able to notice a gradual improvement. In this situation, we believe it important for us to keep our needs constantly before these people, to encourage them, and to offer help and support in areas where it is mutually advantageous for us to do so" (appendix A3). B. American Association of Colleges op Pharmacy Joint Committee on Pharmacy College Libraries. Though the joint committee is like the Literature Committee of PMA in having as its parent group a society interested in the pharmaceutical litera- ture as users, the membership of the AACP committee is different. This group is composed of two members from the MLA Pharmacy Libraries Group, two from the SLA Pharmaceutical Section, and two pharmacy college professors for the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, one of the latter always being chairman. Originally, the committee had been a Standing Committee on Libraries made up of AACP personnel only. Publications and projects of the committee are listed in a 5-year report 20a. The committee objectives have been "* * * to devise, perfect, and maintain channels for effective cooperation with the organized librarians in colleges of pharmacy in the solution of such problems as specification of qualifications for library personnel, mini- mum lists of holdings, satisfactory library patterns in different types of institutions and suggestions for developing good library habits in students." Many of the activities have thus dealt with standards and library administration or with education. At the instigation of the committee, courses on Pharmaceutical Literature and Librarianship were presented at Columbia University during the summers of 1957 and 1959. In addition, many journal articles and bibliographies (appendix B, appendix C) have been the concern of the committee, from initiation and review in some cases to encouragement in others! This committee has expressed problems with the pharmaceutical literature different from those described by the PMA Literature Com- mittee. "Many overseas journals, overseas dissertations, and the less «°» Osborne, George E., Report of the Joint Committee on Pharmacy College Libraries, American Tnnmoi of Pharmaceutical Education 22: 297-300, summer 1958. "^urna' DRUG LITERATURE 11 important or most expensive publications here in our own country are increasingly difficult for even a research library to buy and shelve— especially when they are infrequently used though useful. * * * To bring within each region or even within the country all pharmaceutical literature of whatever cost or language that sound scholarly goals would suggest ma}- well ask for more cooperative division of respon- sibility among libraries than in the past 20b." C. Special Libraries Association Science-Technology Division. Pharmaceutical Section. Another membership group whose primary concern is pharmaceutical literature is the SLA Pharmaceutical Section established in 1947. Its interests have been closely allied to pharmaceutical research, although its membership of approximately 300 includes many pharmacy school librarians and others whose interest is more general. Its major continuing publications are Unlisted Drugs, COPNIP List, published by the Committee on Pharmacomedical Nonserial Industrial Publica- tions, and Drug Information Sources (appendix E). Other publica- tions include a union list of serials in pharmacy libraries (1952) and an imminent directory of pharmaceutical libraries. Its Liaison and Bibliographic Services (LABS) Committee has investigated and evaluated new services for section members and has worked closely with the Literature Committee of the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association. The Pharmaceutical Section has participated in international activities by circulation of the LABS Committee report to foreign contacts and attendance of representatives at international meet- ings. In 1958 representatives of the Drug Information Sources Committee presented to the International Pharmaceutical Federation Press and Documentation Section a 3-step proposal for international collaboration consisting of "publication of a series of reviews of phar- maceutical activity, country by country, with emphasis on facilities for collecting and publishing drug information; expansion of Drug Information Sources bibliography with representatives of other countries reporting their own publications; and national or regional collection of drug information publications wherever local interests demand it" (appendix A 1). Although no concrete action was taken, contacts made at that time helped in getting additional information on foreign drug sources. D. Medical Library Association Pharmacy Libraries Group. Though the MLA Pharmacy Libraries Group is somewhat similar in membership to the SLA Pharmaceutical Section, it has more representation from medical school and pharmacy libraries so that its major activities have had more educational impli- cations. It was responsible for "Books, Reference Works, and Periodical Literature Recommended for College of Pharmacy Librar- ies," 21 which has subsequently been brought up to date by Mrs. Martha Jane Zachert (appendix B). It also sponsored the prepara- Mb Sonnedecker, Glenn, Report of the Joint Committee on Pharmacy College Libraries, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 25: 395-396, summer 1961. u American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 19: 480-499, summer 1955. 12 DRUG LITERATURE tion for publication of the World List of Pharmacy Periodicals (ap- pendix C). E. International Pharmaceutical Federation Press and Documentation Section and Commission of Pharmaceutical Abstracts. The International Pharmaceutical Federation is made up of "the legally constituted national pharmaceutical associations, fed- erations or societies which represent, in the widest sense, the phar- maceutical corps of the country or Nation." 22 Its Press and Docu- mentation Section has "been interested principally in the problems posed by publication in order to be able to put at the disposition of the profession the best possible pharmaceutical press, equally from the point of view of editing, presentation and printing and the problems of documentation generally."23 It is thus concerned both with the production and the consumption of pharmaceutical literature. It was at the recommendation of this section and the Scientific Section that a Commission of Pharmaceutical Abstracts was estab- lished in 1958 for the "preparation of positive and realistic proposals for discussion by the 1962 assembly, which will result in the compila- tion of a comprehensive and reliable documentation" (appendix A 9). The commission proposed to publish a pharmaceutical abstracts journal of about 6,000 abstracts a year 24 in the fields of "drug formu- lation, development, stability, sterilisation, pharmaceutical legisla- tion, education and economics" (appendix A 10). Thus it would be limited to that part of the pharmaceutical literature which major scientific abstracting and indexing services cover poorly or not at all. In connection with extensive planning, a world list of pharmacy peri- odicals was prepared (revised into appendix C) and important peri- odicals were selected for regular abstracting (see appendix D). In September 1961, after only 2 countries replied to a query of 9 national organizations as to whether they were interested in cooperating, it was agreed "that there was too little interest and that the project had better be given up" (appendix A 10). F. Other Membership Groups Other membership groups concerned with the pharmaceutical literature include the Documentation Center of the GIIP and PIA, Dokumentationsrmg, and the Alerting Ring. The first is a center just now being established to provide literature information to the member trade associations of Groupement International de I'lndustrie Pharmaceutique (from Belgium, France, the German Federal Repub- lic, Italy and the Netherlands) and of Pharmaceutical Industries' Association (from Austria, Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Norway, Portugal, Sweden and Switzerland). The Dokumentationsring der Chemisch-Pharmazeutischen Indus- trie was formed in 1959 and at present has 6 European participants (Ciba, Knoll, Merck, Thomae, Bayer, and Geigy) and one American (Smith, Kline and French). Its purpose is "to provide for its members a current, machine-searchable index to the most important segment of « Koning, D. A. Wittop, 50th anniversary of the International Pharmaceutical Federation 1912-iqro Journal Mondial de Phfirmacie 1962: 181-219, May-August. ' *vl^lw*, "Journal Mondial de Pharmacie 1960: 303, July-December. m Journal Mondial de Pharmacie 1959: 290, July-September. DRUG LITERATURE 13 biochemical and biomedical published literature and patents." 2fi Each member is assigned definite journal and patent literature for which it provides to other members abstracts in German, French or English and coded Hollerith cards. The biological and chemical codes are confidential but are reported to be elaborate and detailed. At present the combined efforts produce each year 30,000-35,000 abstracts and 75,000-100,000 punched cards from 181 journals and the pertinent patents of Belgium, Germany, Great Britain, France, South Africa, Switzerland, Austria, India, and the United States. The Alerting Ring is an informal arrangement for exchange of in- formation on new chemical compounds reported in the current litera- ture to have biological properties. It is described in more detail in the later section on Drug Compendia. The groups named above constitute the known membership organi- zations whose major function is concern with drug literature. There are, of course, other associations whose activities are of major interest to those working in the field of drug research. The American Chem- ical Society's Division of Chemical Literature, for instance, often includes papers on the drug literature at its meetings. One symposium on the subject was published as A Key to Pharmaceutical and Medici- nal Chemistry Literature.26 At the ACS meeting in Cincinnati in January 1963, Dr. Howard Bonnett reviewed the developments which have taken place in the decade since that symposium. With this review will be available a checklist of publications covering the significant developments of the past 10 3Tears. His paper covers advances in documentation and in chemical retrieval systems as well as in chemical instrumentation. Since these matters are of great pharmaceutical interest, but not necessarily "drug literature" in the scope of the present report, it will provide a useful supplement. There are also groups, such as the American Pharmaceutical Association and the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, which do not have a separate literature section or committee, but which do give prominence to information and literature control in their publica- tions. A good deal has been written about the role of the pharmacist as a source of drug information to the community or hospital in which he works.27 The professional journals of such societies, particularly the American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, devote considerable space to bibliographies on drug information sources, on the literature of the profession, and methods of filing and maintaining information files.28 M Personal communication from Robert L. Hayne, of Smith Kline and French. » Advances in chemistry series 16, Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society, 1956. 17 E.g. Autian, John, and Berman, Alex, Role of the pharmacist in drug evaluation, American Journal of Pharmicy 134:195-204, June 1962; Broiie, Donald C.,and Meyers, Frederick H., Role of the pharmacist as drug consultant in the hospital, American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 18:11-13, Jan. 1961: Iannarone, Michael, Expanding role of the community pharmacist * * * he; lth consultant to the community, Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association NS1: 148-150. Mar. 1961: Parrott, Eucrene L., The pharmacist, therapeutic or pharmaceutical consultant, Journal of the American Pharmaceut ied Association NS2: 92-93, Feb. 1962; McDonnell, John N., Hospital pharmacy's opportunities and responsibilities, American Journal of Hospital Pharm cy 19: 121-127, Mar. 1962; Miller, Marvin L., Expanding role of the community phar- macist * • * source of information to the physician, Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association NS1 51-154, Mar. 1961. 88 E.g. How pharmacists are keeping drug information. Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Asso- ciation NS2: 87-88, Feb. 1962: Barth, A., and Hammel, R. W., Sources of Rx product information, ibid. 89-91; Strieby. Irene, Pharmaceutical information sources, Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Asso- ciation. Practical Pharmacy Edition 20: 657-660, Nov. 1959; Heller, William and Francke, Gloria, Fifth supplement, Comprehensive bibliography in hosnital pharmacy including publications to Jan. 1961, Ameri- can Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 19: 325-356, July 1962; and particularly American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Special Literature Number, Jan. 1861. SECTION 6 PRIMARY PUBLICATIONS A. Books In the category of "books" we include all monographs, textbooks and reference works that do not appear in series at regular intervals of a year or less. Smaller nonserial publications will be treated separately with the "direct mail" brochures from pharmaceutical manufacturers which form a large part of this group. Quantitatively, compared with periodicals, books form a small portion of the drug literature. In the last 3 years, for instance, the National Library of Medicine has acquired 280 books on pharmacy generally, 159 drug compendia, official and nonofficial, and 22 dic- tionaries in the field of pharmacy. All of the books and monographs received on specific drugs and classes of drugs would make a sizable addition to the above figure. When 600 individuals in 43 colleges of pharmacy (54-percent of the total membership of the American Association of Colleges of Phar- macy) made a selection of those books of most importance to the pharmacy college curriculum, a list of 1,025 different titles resulted (appendix B). The editors report that "the biggest problem in editing this bibliography has been in deciding the limits of its scope. The suggestions from faculty members clearly showed that they are using, and finding valuable, a great deal of ancillary material." The editors omitted textbooks for the basic sciences prerequisite to the professional curriculum, such as Gray's Anatomy. Again, as with research organizations and hospital pharmacies, we find great interest in the pharmacy schools in material not strictly defined as drug literature. Though the bulk of the material is in English, it will be observed that, of the 150 titles in pharmacognosy, 15 are in German. It is interesting to note, also, that of the 215 titles in pharmacology, 35-percent were published in 1960 or later, 45-percent between 1955 and 1959, and only 20-percent before 1955. B. Periodicals Though monographs form a substantial part of pharmaceutical publication, by far the greatest quantity appears in the periodical literature. In the periodical drug literature we include serial publica- tions that appear regularly and at least as frequently as once a year, and which contain original papers, a considerable portion of which deal with drugs. In 1958, Dr. Langlykke guessed that there were about 200,000 original papers published each year which might be defined as phar- maceutical literature (appendix A 1). Current information would necessitate some revision of the basis for his figures, but overestimation 14 DRUG LITERATURE 15 would appear essentially to balance underestimation, so that 200,000 articles probably remain a reasonable working figure for the number of original pharmaceutical papers appearing annually. Taking a different approach, our case studies show that more than 150 articles have been published on vinblastine in the 4 years since its isolation, and 530 on chlordiazepoxide in the same period. Another popular drug, chlorpromazine, has accounted for at least 13,000 articles since 1952.29 A recent Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Asso- ciation survey 30 indicates that there were 540 major drug entities introduced in America alone during the past 20 years. _ To identify the part of the periodical literature that is most likely to yield articles of significance, we have relied on journal lists which have been selected by or for pharmaceutical specialists to a greater or lesser extent. These are in a composite list as appendix D. Though the longest of the 3 component lists contained under 350 journals, the total size of the composite list is 720 journals. Three hundred and eighty-two of the journals on this list also appear in the World List of Pharmacy Periodicals (appendix C). Even a relatively homogeneous type of pharmaceutical information, new chemicals with physiological activity, is found in a wide variety of sources. An analysis of publications from which material was obtained for an alerting service in this field appears in appendix F.31 This notes, for instance, that of the 9 "journal titles responsible for more than 30 citations of new compounds it was found that 4 of these have been in existence 15 years or less." We have observed that of the 31 journals from which 10 or more compounds were taken, 15 are not in the World List of Pharmacy Periodicals. The authors call attention to the fact that "a cursory examination also revealed the reliance on abstracting and indexing periodicals for information from journal titles not held by any of the cooperating libraries." In the limited field of pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry, Lasslo 32 has compiled a list of 171 titles, including 38 domestic, 124 foreign, and 9 translated serial publications. A tj-pe of periodical not yet mentioned is the kind of newsletter used by hospital pharmacies to keep hospital personnel informed of new developments in the drug field. These vary in content and quality. Nearly all contain information on new drugs, and some on investigational drugs. Since they are usually limited in their dis- tribution to the hospital concerned, they are on the borderlines of the open "drug literature." But it is interesting to note that some hospital pharmacies distribute them more widely. Finally, though they do not usually occur in periodical lists, there are a number of house organs published as a part of the promotional programs of various drug companies. These are usually directed to the physician and tend to emphasize review articles and summaries rather "than individual drugs or specific drug promotion. The Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association33 has recently compiled a list of 28 such organs published by member companies. M Personal communication from Robert L. Hayne, of Smith Kline and French. *> de Haen, Paul, Review of drugs, 1941-1961, Washington, D.C., Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Asso- ciation, 1962, mimeographed. " To be published in the July 1963 issue of the Journal of Chemical Documentation. 15 Lasslo, Andrew, An estimate of comparative serial literature resources supporting research in medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry in major libraries of the United States, Bulletin of the Medical Library Association 50: 70-88, Jan. 1962. *• Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, Serial publications of PMA members sent gratis to physi- cians, revised draft, Jan. 5,1963. 16 DRUG LITERATURE C. Patents Patents are another important kind of primary publication. They are of interest far beyond their legal implications, as a substantial contribution to the pool of basic information on drugs. Chemical Abstracts expects that it will contain, in 1963, 30,000 abstracts for 38,000 patents. An industry patent department34 has estimated the number of patents pertinent to the industry which appear annually as follows: Number patents Country Per Vear United States___________________________________________ 2, 500-3, 000 Great Britain___________________________________________ 1, 000-1, 900 Canada........._______________________________________ 1,000-1,500 South Africa____________________________________________ 650-1, 000 Belgium________________________________________________ 1, 100-1, 600 France (regular patents)___________________________________ 800-1, 000 France (special medicament patents)_________________________ 520 Germany (patent applications)______________________________ 850-1, 200 Russia_________________________________________________ 150- 200 Japan__________________________________________________ 1, 350-1, 600 The same company reported subscriptions to 17 services supplying lists, abstracts, indexes and originals of patents, and ranging in price from $5 to $880 per year. That there is a great deal of interest in thorough coverage is apparent from the fact that there are at present proposals for 3 new services. Documentation, Inc., proposes a "Textape" indexing service for $1,500 a year that would provide a multilevel index on magnetic tape to chemical patents. A search program, designed for an IBM 1401 system, would provide access to the patents by the total patent or by individual compounds in a wide variety of ways. A separate but related service is "Docuform," which will contain the patents covered by "Textape" as 5" by 8" transparencies supplied with "Randomfile" tabs for random filing and finding. Derwent of London, long active in abstracting in the field of phar- maceutical patents, now offers to supply the pharmaceutical and related patents from 16 countries, estimating that there would be 5,000 "basic patents" and 11,800 nonbasic patents, i.e., duplicate patents in various countries of a compound covered in a basic patent. The service would include full copies of the patent plus a numerical file by country, an abstract file, a company file, and code file. The code file may include a punched card file. Price of the service is estimated at $4,500-$5,100 a year. Information for Industry is proposing a new $3,500-a-year service that would cover pharmaceutical and related patents, excluding steroids, from 7 countries. They estimate that 3,500-4,000 patents a year would be covered. Copies of the patents would be furnished on 35 millimeter microfilm, and 2 decks of punched cards would be furnished quarterly, using extensive codes for chemical structure and biological data. D. Other Primary Publications Two varieties of drug literature that cut across our classes of primary and secondary publications will be discussed in the section on Special Kinds of Publication (pp. 23-31); they are drug compendia and pro- si Personal communication from Dr. Alexander Moore, Parke/.Davis and Co. DRUG LITERATURE 17 motional literature, a high proportion of each being primary publica- tions. There are a number of other subclasses of primary publication that have considerable impact in the pharmaceutical field; only 3 types are described here, by way of example. The recent Pharmaceutical Marketing Research Directory 38 lists 38 consultant firms in the field and describes the publications and serv- ices of each. Many of them issue only special reports or confidential reports of regular but limited distribution. Some of the information they collect is of great importance in estimating the total amount of a particular drug consumed when evaluating adverse reaction reports. The directory also provides lists of periodicals offering marketing information. Another group of great importance, though technically outside the scope of this report, is that cluster of publications reporting disease incidence, particularly those conditions which may result from adverse reactions to drugs. For reportable diseases and those causing death, a great deal of information is readily available in regular publications of the Public Health Service and the World Health Organization. Increasingly, statistics are being collected by hospitals, health plan groups, and such organizations as that responsible for the National Disease and Therapeutic Index.36 Much of this data is available only on special request, or, if published, remains fisted in peripheral sources and difficult to locate. A type of information that is poorly controlled, but may provide a gold mine of otherwise unpublished data, is found in such special Government publications as the Hearings on Administered Prices of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary, conducted by Senator Ke- fauver, or in the Economic Report on Antibiotics Manufacture of the Federal Trade Commission (1958). These are rarely indexed, either in themselves or in secondary publications, and their citation in library catalogs or lists of Government publications is so general that the searcher would tend to find them only if he had already acquired many related clues elsewhere. * 1963 Pharmaceutical marketing research directory, Metuchcn, N.J., Marketing Services Co., 1963. M Lea Associates, Inc., Flourtown, Pa. SECTION 7 SECONDARY SOURCES OF PUBLICATIONS Faced with a volume of material that no individual can possibly scan or search piece by piece, the person interested in the drug litera- ture must rely heavily on secondary sources to find the information he needs. These secondary sources may be in the form of the mam- moth abstracting and indexing services that cover a great deal of drug literature with a conventional approach, for example, Biological Ab- stracts, Chemical Abstracts, and Index Medicus. Or they may cover a broad spectrum of subject matter in a more unconventional manner, as do Current Contents, Index Chemicus, Biochemical Title Index, and Chemical Titles. They may cover a single subject area with the classic method, such as Cancer Chemotherapy Abstracts, or the ab- stract sections in many specialty journals, and reviews. Or they may take an unusual approach in surveying a single subject, as does Index- Handbook of Cardiovascular Agents. Oatfield and Emilio 37 have listed 75 "secondary sources frequently found helpful in pharmaceutical literature searching." Fleming,38 in reviewing medical abstracting journals and services, lists a number of new ones of importance to drug research and says that the trends are: "(1) Increased use of author's abstracts; (2) stepped up rate of borrowing or swapping of abstracts from other services; (3) narrowing of subject services; (4) slight reduction in time lag; (5) growth in number of area or national services. In a nutshell, there is the more than usual embarrassment of sources, involving a vast time investiture for consultation, operating in conjunction with the law of diminishing returns." Still other sources of drug information will be found in a wide variety of the services in the recent National Federation of Science Abstracting and Indexing Services Guide.39 The World List of Pharmacy Periodicals (appendix C) indicates coverage by some secondary source of 262 of the 339 journals having scientific content. Of these 262, Chemical Abstracts was the only secondary source indicated for 97. Articles that did not deal with some chemical aspect of the drug would be out of scope for that source and hence not included. Without individual evaluation of the titles covered and missed and other sources where information from them would be picked up, one cannot attach too much significance to these figures. They do indicate a somewhat more complete coverage of pharmacy journals than has been noted in earlier studies.40 A complete survey of all secondary sources would serve little pur- pose. Yet any selection is arbitrary. We have chosen a few of impor- tance to the drug literature which are representative of the various w Oatfield, Harold and Emilio. Betty Reynolds, Some aspects of searching in the pharmaceutical litera- ture: reference fringe benefits, American Documentation 9: 238-272, Oct 1958 P"<*mwceuucai utera- " Fleming, Thomas P., Medical abstracting journals and services, Special Libraries 53:322-325, July-Aug. » National Federation of Science Abstracting and Indexing Services, A guide to the world's abstmnti™ and indexing services in science and technology, Report No. 102, Washington, D C 1963 »»u«u.i,uns « See Francke, Don E., Some considerations in the preparation and publication'of ph'armaepiiHnoi «k stracts, American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 15: 963-972, Nov. 1958. 1""J<*ceutical ab- 18 DRUG LITERATURE 19 subject and format approaches now being used. Some others could probably as easily have been justified for inclusion. Three major services—Biological Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts, and Index Medicus—have been visited in preparing this report. Each is working toward improving its publications and providing peripheral services, some of which are of great importance in the control of the drug literature. In other words, while maintaining their conventional publications, these services are experimenting with ways of giving individual consumers packages tailor-made to their particular uses. Chemical Abstracts contained 166,500 abstracts of journal and patent literature in 1962 and predicts 190,000 for 1963, of which an estimated 40 percent have biological significance. Abstracts are from selected papers in 9,000 serial publications appearing in more than 50 languages. In 1963, portions of the journal will be overrun and sold separately. From January 1907 through 1962, Chemical Ab- stracts has abstracted and indexed more than 2,850,000 papers and patents, covering approximately 2,000,000 distinct compounds. Each abstract in Chemical Abstracts is indexed with an average of 5.8 subject entries and 1.6 formula index entries, excluding cross references. The formula index and the indexing of individual com- pounds on the basis of a precise nomenclature guide (published every 5 years) make individual chemical entities relatively easy for the pharmaceutical or medicinal chemist to locate. A former time lag in publication of indexes has been substantially narrowed. The first half of the subject index for January-June 1962 was received in librar- ies in January 1963. And in 1963, the gap between appearance of abstracts and the publication of systematic subject indexes to them will be somewhat less of a problem because, in addition to the regular author index with each issue, a keyword subject index will appear with the issue to which it applies. There will be approximately five keywords per abstract and they will be taken from the body of the abstract as well as the title of the paper.| During the first 50 years of Chemical Abstracts, collective indexes were published for each 10 years. The 6th Collective Index covering 1957-1961 and succeeding ones will cover [5-year periods. It is esti- mated that this 5-year index will require 101 man-years of work, a major portion of which is technical manpower. There are also plans for custom searching by computer which will make possible generic searches for all compounds incorporating certain molecular compo- nents or relationships, no matter how their individual chemical names are indexed. Biological Abstracts contained around 100,000 abstracts in 1962. We do not know how many of these were of pharmaceutical interest, but the number was not negligible. The papers from which these abstracts came were selected from 5,200 titles published in 84 different countries. To keep indexing current, Biological Abstracts includes with each issue a permuted title index, which arranges the titles of articles alphabetically under each word in each of the titles. There are also cumulated permuted title indexes for the 4 volumes a year. In April 1962, Biological Abstracts started to issue the indexes separately, under the name of BASIC (Biological Abstracts Subjects In Context), as a controlled circulation publication; this is sent free of charge to Individual biologists, and has been well received. The editor of 20 DRUG LITERATURE Biological Abstracts 41 reports: "During the 3 months following the first appearance of BASIC we received almost 600 letters and post- cards commending this addition to the information services provided by Biological Abstracts." The individual biologist can obtain single abstracts at a unit price. Consideration is now being given to trans- lating BASIC into Spanish. Biological Abstracts is also experiment- ing with "several partially automated procedures that will enable us to provide biologists with quite specialized information grouped in any of a great variety of ways." Index Medicus covered 146,000 articles during 1962. It is esti- mated that 25-50 percent of these contained information on drugs. Its usefulness as a source of information on drug literature is based on its complete coverage of a wide variety of medical journals (about 2,200) some of which are not indexed at all or not indexed completely elsewhere. Since it does not abstract papers, its systematic index appears relatively quickly after receipt of the original publication, usually within 2 to 4 months. Plans for improvement include the institution early in 1964 of MEDLARS (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System), a computer-based system for prompter publication of an expanded Index Medicus and subsidiary recurring bibliographies. By 1970 it is estimated that the system will be covering about 250,000 monographs and periodical articles from throughout the world, with 1,000 indexed articles entering the system daily. Provision is also made for answer- ing about 90 demand requests daily and for producing 50 bibliographies on a recurring basis. A pilot project on a recurring bibliography has already been carried out in the publication for limited distribution of the Cerebrovascular Bibliography. This is published by the Joint Council Subcommittee on Cerebrovascular Disease, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness and National Heart Institute, from films provided from Index Medicus of references pertinent to cerebrovascular disease and therapy. The Library has held pre- liminary discussions on preparation of such bibliographies for several groups, including the National Heart Institute and the Food and Drug Administration, reports for both of which will undoubtedly con- tain references to much pharmaceutical literature. Among publications covering broad areas of the drug literature with nonstandard methods are Current Contents, Index Chemicus, Bio- chemical Title Index, and Chemical Titles. Current Contents is of particular interest because it was originally Current Contents of Pharmaco-Medical Publications. The Life Sciences Edition is still subtitled "Your Weekly Guide to the Chemical, Pharmaco-Medical and Life Sciences." It is published weekly and contains the tables of contents of current scientific journals. It is claimed that over 125,000 articles from approximately 650 journals are reported each year. This is purely a service for scanning; it has enjoyed popularity because its small size and relatively ready avail- ability to individual users make it possible for them to carry it with them and check at their convenience for those articles they will wish to read more carefully. The publisher, Institute for Scientific Infor- mation, reports that although the initial distribution was mainly industrial, now approximately half of the 5,000 subscriptions go to « Conrad, G. Miles, New developments in the merchandising of biological research information a ™o»i can Scientist 50: 370A-378A. Dec. 1962. on» Amert DRUG LITERATURE 21 nonindustrial users, among whom are practicing physicians. Papers are listed in Current Contents within approximately 10 days of the appearance of the original journal and, in many cases, actually in advance of the issuance of the journals themselves. Index Chemicus, also published by the Institute for Scientific Infor- mation, places emphasis on the graphic rather than verbal presenta- tion of materials, an approach which seems to have appeal among chemists. One organic chemist is quoted as saying "that if he had to make a choice between sacrificing either Index Chemicus or attending a national ACS meeting, lie would choose in favor of abandoning the meeting and retaining IC' (appendix A 3). It covers new compounds only a total of over 100,000 a year. Each "abstract" is presented largely m the form of structural formulas and flow diagrams, with the usual bibliographic and indexing data plus authors' addresses and date of receipt of a manuscript for publication. Short verbal abstracts were added in January 1963. Indexes include monthly molecular formula and author indexes, cumulated each 4 months. In 1962 a biennial cumulative index to the 1960 and 1961 literature was provided to subscribers. ^ Accompanying this index is one in which the molecular formulas have been rotated so that all compounds containing a given element may be found together, thus making certain kinds of generic search relatively easy. Biochemical'Title Index, published by Biological Abstracts, and Chemical Titles, published by Chemical Abstracts, are "keyword in context" indexes in their respective fields. They are prepared by a computer which arranges the titles of articles under each important word in each title. Each lists the articles from approximately 600 journals. Primarily useful for scanning, they may be employed for keyword searching of recent materials. Another unusual source of information in the broad field of science research is the Science Information Exchange of the Smithsonian Institution, which maintains records of 250,000 research grants and contracts in biological, psychological, medical and sociological sciences, of which approximately 35,000 are currently active. Since much of the information it contains is concerned with biological and medical research, the SIE is of interest in communication of drug research information. Technically, however, it is beyond the scope of this study because its reports are presented on an individual basis and come from unpublished data. Cancer Chemotherapy Abstracts, an example of the large number -of conventional abstracting services in limited subject areas, began publication in January 1960 under the auspices of the Cancer Chemo- therapy National Service Center of NIH. It contains approximately 5,000 abstracts per year. The abstracts are reported to appear within 6 weeks of the original article, and author and subject indexes appear with each monthly issue. The indexes contain detailed infor- mation on chemotherapeutic agent, tumor or test system, and mis- cellaneous other aspects of the articles covered. The thorough indexing of chemotherapeutic agents provides a means of finding information on anticancer drugs that was not previously available. A large number of conventional guides to the literature of limited subject areas can be found in the bibliographies cited earlier in this 22 DRUG LITERATURE section. Indexes to the review literature are Bibliography of Medical Reviews, pubhshed annually and cumulated by the National Library of Medicine, and Bibliography of Chemical Reviews, published annually by Chemical Abstracts Service. Among sources that treat a specific subject in a nonstandard manner, Index-Handbook of Cardiovascular Agents is unusual m its system of indexing in a set form, with symbols, and in considerable detail. It is published under the auspices of the National Heart Institute by the Institute for Advancement of Medical Communication. Indexes covering 1951-1955 have been published; at present the index for 1935-1950 is in press, and the 1956-1959 index is being compiled. Cancer Chemotherapy Screening Data, another publication of the Cancer Chemotherapy National Service Center, appears at irregular intervals as a supplement to Cancer Research. The most recent report appears as part 2 of the December 1962 issue, and contains a cumulative index to this 18th report and the previous 17. This is not truly a secondary source because the data it reports have been stored in a 1401 computer as they were collected, and the publication is com- piled therefrom. But it differs from other primary sources in that it is a tabular reporting of data rather than textual material. The collection and tabulation of data is done under contract by Documen- tation, Inc. SECTION 8 SPECIAL KINDS OF PUBLICATION A. Drug Compendia At the core of the drug literature are the sources of concise informa- tion on individual drug entities, their names, composition, properties, uses, possible adverse effects, dosage forms, and the sources from which they are available. This information is available both in book and periodical form. There are also a number of services which supply a card unit for each drug on which is given most of the above data; a file of such cards may also be termed a drug compendium. Some of the direct mail pieces from manufacturers are intended for use in such card files. Though most of the drug compendia are generally con- sidered to be primary sources of information, a few are wholly or in part secondary, in that most of then information is abstracted directly from literature sources. In addition, the information supplied in these sources may be either official or nonofficial. Most of the services cover a single country only, but some are oriented toward worldwide coverage. Two lists of such sources are appended: thatJentitledTDrug Com- pendia in the Pharmacy Section of the Bibliography of Books and Reference Works * * * prepared for the Joint Committee on Pharmacy College Libraries (appendix B), and Drug Information Sources, prepared by a committee of the Pharmaceutical Section, Science-Technology Division, Special Libraries Association (appendix E). Since both of these lists contain annotations, the sources are not described here individually except as they illustrate particular points in their interrelationships. The American sources are emphasized, not because they are more important, but because the complex of services in this country provides illustrations of counterpart services that are available elsewhere on a national basis. Because the various compendia identify drugs under a variety of kinds of name, let us consider first all the types of designation a drug may have. Dr. Miller, director of revision of the U.S. Pharmacopeia, summarizes the situation: 42 "What perplexes students and practicing physicians alike is why these drugs must be known by seldom fewer than 3, usually 4, and often more than a half-dozen different names. And those who go abroad for study find themselves obliged to learn still other names in use there for familiar drugs." Dr. Miller places drug names in 5 different categories: chemical names, code numbers, proprietary names, nonproprietary names, and official titles. Chemical names may be "trivial" or systematic. Dr. Miller mentions hydroxybenzene or hydroxycyclohexatriene as systematic names for the "trivial" phenol. As in this example, there may be more than one systematic name. In its "New Names" see- w Miller, Lloyd C„ Doctors, drugs, and names, Journal of the American Medical Association 177: 97, July 8, 1961. 23 97-201—68---3 24 DRUG LITERATURE tion, the AMA Council on Drugs gives a-(N-phthalimido)-glutarimide as the chemical name for thalidomide,43 whereas the same compound is listed in Chemical Abstracts under N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)- phthalimide. To the chemist, this presents no great problem, as the structural formula can be drawn readily from either name, and Chemical Abstracts provides a cross reference as well as indexing rules that would direct him to the larger parent compound, "phthalimide," if he were using that index. Code numbers can be confusing because of the large number of laboratories from which an experimental compound may originate. Often, the first publications on a drug will carry code number desig- nations only. Dr. Miller's paper gives a list of 57 prefixes used with laboratory code numbers. Other lists have been prepared by Katherine Owen 44 and Herbert Engelbert.45 The former lists over 500 letter designations, and the latter around 300. There is con- siderable overlapping in the use of letters. For instance, Owen lists 11 companies using the letter "S," and Engelbert lists 7; the combined total is 13. There are 18 companies listed as using the letter "A" in their code numbers. The most extensive publication of the code numbers themselves appears in the monthly Unlisted Drugs, where the usual practice has been to list only those compounds in a series that have the greatest biological activity. In his paper on nomenclature, Dr. Miller makes a proposal "for reaching an agreement within the pharmaceutical industry to use a system of code prefixes in identifying compounds during the period of laboratory and clinical trial" and "for similar industry agreement to select nonproprietary names, in cooperation with the Council on Drugs, for all new drugs before their introduction on the market, preferably at the time that New Drug Applications are filed with the Food and Drug Administration." Dr. Miller is now working with the AMA-USP Nomenclature Committee in promoting the early approval of nonproprietary names. When a new drug is being considered for possible therapeutic use and sale, the manufacturer will assign it a proprietary name or brand name. Though the term "trade name" is commonly applied to this group, Miller points out that, under trademark law, "trade name" is synonymous with the company name and that either "trademark" or "proprietary name" would be more appropriate for this class of drug names. While there may be only one trademark for a particular chemical entity, it is also possible for several to be applied to the same compound. One report points out: 46 "Thus, there are a dozen trade names for reserpine, 6 for isoniazid and so on through a long list of agents." The report cited and many others have argued the merits of the use of proprietary names against employing nonproprietary ones only. The present report merely calls attention to the fact that both must be considered in using the drug literature. A "nonproprietary" or "generic" name may be suggested by a manufacturer at the same time a trademark is submitted for regis- tration. There is also disagreement on what this group should be « Journal of the American Medical Association 178: 739, Nov. 18,1961. » Owen, Katherine C, Research letter-number designations, mimeographed Jan 1962 « Engelbert, Herbert, Experimental compound letter designations, mimeoeranhed Am 97 ioao- ^,11.. list in Methods of Information in Medicine 22: Jan. 1962. ""eugrapnea, Apr. a, 1962, earlier « Drug terminology and the urgent need for reform, New England Journal of Medicine 263: 21-23, July 7 DRUG LITERATURE 25 called. Dr. Leake terms them "public" names.47 Dr. Miller prefers "nonproprietary" and quotes Steelier 4S to show that the term "ge- neric" is misapplied. These terms are nonchemical names which apply to a unique substance, no matter by whom it is manufactured. It is possible for a trademark in one country to be a nonproprietary name in another. The classic example is "Adrenalin," which has been the proprietary name for the nonproprietary "epinephrine" in the United States, but which spelled with an "e" (adrenaline) is a nonproprietary name in Great Britain.49 European companies are reported to be "sometimes reluctant to adopt simple names (as non- proprietary names) because of the claimed lack of protection against the names being used as trademarks in areas in which international patent and trademark agreements are not observed. The World Health Organization, however, uses its good offices with member countries to minimize this practice."50 More often, two or more nonproprietary names ma}7 be applied before an "approved" or "official" name for a new drug has been found. This happened with both of the drugs selected for case studies in this report. Before chlordiazepoxide and vinblastine became recognized names, the two drugs were known in several publications as methaminodiazepoxide and vincaleukoblastine, respectively. The recent efforts of the AMA-USP Nomenclature Committee may give us simpler names which will be adopted earlier and will be more likely to become universally used. One reason is that their work has been given wide publicity.51 The committee has also advocated the WHO "General principles for guidance in devising international non- proprietary names for pharmaceutical preparations."52 Following these princinles, the committee works out names with the manufac- turer and then submits them for consideration as international non- proprietary names. Copies of this submission are sent to the Na- tional Formulary, French Codex, and the Nordic and British Pharma- copoeial Commissions. If there are no objections from these agencies within one month, the name will probably become a "United States Adopted Name" (USAN). Adoption of such names does not imply endorsement of the products involved by the AMA Council on Drugs or the USP. However, the name will be used in American Medical Association scientific publica- tions and will become the "official title" in the U.S. Pharmacopeia and National Formulary if the drug is admitted to those publications. It is also hoped that it will become the international nonproprietary name. The recent legislation authorizing the Secretary of the De- partment of Health, Education, and Welfare to "designate an official name for any drug if he determines that such action is necessary or desirable in the interest of usefulness and simplicity" 53 should insur< « Leake, Chauncey D., Drug names, Letter to the Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association « Stec'her P G., Generic names of drugs, Journal of Chemical Education 34: 454-456, Sept. 1957. <» Leake, Chauncey D., Drug names, Letter to the Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association 172:1197, Mar. 12.1960. American effort clarifies drug names, Hospital Topics 40: 69-72, Sept. 1962; Jerome, Joseph B., Selecting generic names for new drugs, Journal of New Drugs 2: 276-282, Sept.-Oct. 1962; Jerome, Joseph B., Nonproprietary pre- fixes Letter to the Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association 182: 211-212, Oct. 13,1962; Jerome, Joseph B Nomenclature of drugs, Journal of the American Medical Association 182: 853-855, Nov. 24,1962. » Jerome, Joseph B., Selecting generic names for new drugs, Journal of New Drugs 2: 280-282, Sept.-Oct. 1962; World Health Organization, Cumulative list of proposed international non-proprietary names for pharmaceutical preparations, Geneva, 1962, pp. 51-52. u public Law 87-781, part B, sec. Ill, Oct. 10,1962. 26 DRUG LITERATURE that there will be less confusion about nonproprietary and official names in the future. U.S. Adopted Names are published in the New Names section of the Journal of the American Medical Association and in a number of other American journals. It is anticipated that they will also appear in a cumulated list in the near future. The present United States practice is similar to that which is followed in Great Britain and Scan- dinavia, where nonproprietary names become "approved names" whether or not the drugs themselves attain official status. To return to a discussion of drug compendia themselves—each of the audiences for drug literature will tend to make more use of one kind of source than do others. The retail pharmacist would use price lists more than the practicing physician, who might have greater interest than the pharmacist in Medical Letter on Drugs and Thera- peutics. In considering how best to demonstrate the interrelation- ships of content and purpose of the various drug compendia, we have chosen to give a general summary of purposes and approaches. The individual specialist soon learns which compendia are best for him in his ordinary use of drug information. The inclusion of specific compendia in the AACP list (appendix B) implies their usefulness to a pharmacy college audience. Mrs. Strieby, in Remington's Practice of Pharmacy S4 and in the Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association,55 has indicated sources of most importance to pharmacists. The recurring Guide to Infor- mation Sources for the Hospital Pharmacist in the American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy has a section on Official Compendia, Drug Lists, Dictionaries, etc., and good pharmacology texts invariably have sections on drug information sources for the guidance of the physician. Limited lists with specific purposes include the price lists (Drug Topics Red Book and American Druggist Blue Book), which contain all the necessary data on availability but practically none on compo- sition or action. Trademarks Listed with the Pharmaceutical Manu- facturers Association 56 includes some nonproprietary names as well as trademarks and identifies manufacturers, but does not give compo- sitions and mentions action only in the related Bulletin of the Trade- Mark Bureau. Nonproprietary names are equated to their chemical composition in International Nonproprietary Names for Pharma- ceutical Preparations; Cumulative List 1962 and to trade names as well in NFN-Navne, while in Proprietary Names (Trade Names) of Official Drugs,57 official U.S. nonproprietary names that have occurred in the U.S. Pharmacopeia or National Formulary are related to their proprietary names, manufacturer, and an action term. Each of these name identifiers is useful in verifying and identifying names and in providing leads to more detailed information. But one must seek further for information on market drugs which approaches completeness. The oldest in years of publication and still one of the best general American sources is Modern Drug Ency- m Reference literature of pharmacy, in Remington's Practice of pharmacy, 12th edition Va^t™ t>» Mack, 1961, pp.64-69. ** eQ«ion, Gaston, Fa., »« Strieby, Irene, Pharmaceutical information sources, Journal of the American Pharm»cMiH™i A*o™t<, tion, Practical Pharmacy Edition 20:657-660, Nov. 1959. "^l ™armaceutlcal Associa- «• Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, Trademarks listed with the Pharmaceutical Mnnnfon turers Association, Washington, D. C, Sept. 1960 and monthly supplements *-narmaceutlcal Manufac- « American Pharmaceutical Association, Proprietary names (trade names) of official drugs, Washington DRUG LITERATURE 27 clopedia. Physician's Desk Reference has gained prominence because of its free distribution through manufacturers and wholesalers; since it relies wholly on contributions from manufacturers for the material included, it is incomplete and uneven in its coverage. Modern Drug Encyclopedia is brought up to date by the monthly issuance of Modern Drugs. An even more prompt periodical, pharmlndex, gives about the same essential information in somewhat abbreviated form. With the pharmlndex January 1963 issue, monographs are given in therapeutic groups as well as under the drug name as in the past. This makes it more comparable with Facts and Comparisons, which includes cryptic information on each drug under its action category and is kept up to date by monthly looseleaf supplements, pharm- lndex also presents regular reviews of developments in various phar- macologic categories. The two most authoritative sources that present information by therapeutic categories, however, are the American Hospital Formulaiy Service and New and Nonofficial Drugs. The former is kept up to date with looseleaf supplements, and the latter with monographs in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Though inclusion of a drug in either publication does not necessarily imply endorsement, the statements made have been carefully reviewed by authorities; both are more selective than the sources previously mentioned. The evaluations that are perhaps most critical will be found in Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics, prepared by an independent advisory board. Now that a cumulative 2-year index is available for its biweekly issues, it serves as a retrospective tool as well as a prompt source of up-to-date information on the drugs it covers. Fine encyclopedic compilations which are extremely useful for drugs that have been known for several years are Remington's Practice of Pharmacy, the United States Dispensatory, and the British Extra Pharmacopoeia, which includes drugs from other countries. Other sources that include somewhat the same international information currently are the Swiss Subsidia Pharmaceutica and jMitteilungen iiber Neue Pharmazeutische Spezialpraparate, and Unlisted Drugs. Though the primary emphasis is on therapeutic category or on drug name, the indexes of the general sources mentioned thus far make it possible to find information in them from almost any aspect. The exception is chemical composition. The Merck Index provides the most thorough and systematic approach from the chemical point of view. While it gives action and other information, primary emphasis is on chemical aspects of the drug; it is an excellent source of trade- mark equivalents. American Drug Index could have been likened to several sources already mentioned, but it is just what it purports to be, an index. Hence, it is one alphabetic list presenting information from various viewpoints, chemical, nonproprietary, and proprietary name, and sometimes therapeutic activity. The information at each entry is very brief. Since it is published annually, it is particularly useful as a quick guide. The two important official sources of drug information in this country are, of course, the National Formulary and the U.S. Pharma- copeia. They give information on the drug itself and standards for purity, stability, etc., rather than on its therapeutic application. 28 DRUG LITERATURE Many of the sources already cited contain valuable information on toxicology and side effects, but there are 3 compendia which are primarily devoted to toxicology. They are Clin-Alert, the card service of the National Clearinghouse for Poison Control Centers, and the monthly Bulletin of Supplementary Material, which supplements the monograph by Gleason on Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products.68 So far as is known, Clin-Alert, the recent bulletin of abstracts on adverse reactions reportediin the literature, is the only one which has had wide distribution. The New Names reports of the AMA-USP Nomenclature Com- mittee provide about the same information as many of the other sources, but in abbreviated form. A major difference, however, is that some of the drugs named are not on the market and some may never be marketed. Some of jthe retrospective services, such as Merck Index and U.S. Dispensatory, also include drugs not on the market currently, and both Modern Drugs and pharmlndex have regular pages on interesting investigational products, but they do not cover them s3Tstematically. Since its initiation in 1949, Unlisted Drugs had until quite recently been alone in covering new investigational drugs extensively. By definition, it is a source "of. information on any new entity not identi- fiable from its name and not in standard compendia. Thus it also includes recently introduced drugs, particularly those from countries in which current standard sources are unknown or not readily avail- able. This publication was established by the SLA Pharmaceutical Section to fill an important gap in the information to be found in all other known drug compendia. Its continued publication has been possible only through the voluntary contribution of time from a large number of people and organizations, since the subscription price covers only the cost of printing and mailing. Its cryptic reports on about 2,000 new names or experimental numbers each year are drawn from a basic list of medical and chemical journals assigned to partici- pating libraries (see appendix D), plus other new items picked up by the contributors. In November 1961, Chemotherapy Research Bulletin was initiated. It is an alerting service which supplies abstracts of important papers on new drug developments throughout the world. Its entries and index are under pharmacologic category, and it may be used as a periodical or torn apart into cards for filing. In 1962, it contained about 200 abstracts. In late 1961, a group within the American drug industry started an alerting service on new'chemicals, whether or not they have an identi- fiable name. Each company prepares and distributes to all other participating companies cards on new physiologically active chemicals that it has noticed in its literature scanning. A popular feature is the inclusion of a structural formula for each compound. During 1962 it covered approximately 1,200 new entities. The efforts of this Alerting Ring have caused a consultant, Paul de Haen to come forward with a proposal that he perform the service for the companies Beginning in January 1963, he is providing 3" by 5" cards every 2 weeks containing therapeutic, pharmacologic and chemical classifica- tion, manufacturer, all names or experimental numbers known WflkiMW67Martoa N" aDd °th0rS' °liniCal t0xic0l0gy 0f commerclal products, Baltimore, Williams and DRUG LITERATURE 29 structural and empirical formulas, and literature references. He estimates that this service will provide 1,200 to 1,500 cards per year and has set the price at $700 for a basic subscription. Chemical Abstracts Service's proposed Chemical-Biological Ac- tivities is now being studied and evaluated by the PMA Literature Committee. It would provide comprehensive and prompt data on chemical compounds with biological activity, whether or not they are new. Its proposal includes telegraphic abstracts on the papers selected, plus structural formulas and computer-produced indexes of authors, molecular formulas, notation, chemical names and general concepts. It will be noted that the information services on investigational drugs are directed largely to research workers. It has been the ex- perience of Unlisted Drugs that it retains subscriptions from universi- ties, industry, hospital pharmacies and large libraries, rather than from individual physicians and pharmacists. Presumably the interests of the latter groups will continue to be in drugs available on the United States market. B. Promotional Literature One of the peculiarities of the drug field is that industry advertising must be considered in a discussion of informational literature. Pro- motional literature is recognized as a major source of information at the time a new drug is placed on the market. For instance, the director of the New Drug Branch of the Food and Drug Administra- tion remarks:59 "When the drug is first marketed, there may be a paucity of journal publications on it. The brochure or package circular reviewed as part of the New Drug Application is available and is usually an adequate presentation of what is known about the drug." (See also appendix G.) Recent legislation and regulations which tighten the requirement for including cautions in advertising and labeling may tend to make dis- cussion of previous content or abuses academic. However, the care- ful study of the New York Academy of Medicine's Committee on Public Health should be noted. This committee, after prolonged deliberations and conferences with representatives of the Pharma- ceutical Manufacturers Association, made the following recommenda- tions: M 1. A concise, authoritative, accurate and objective report on new drug products should be made available promptly at low or no cost to every practicing physician in the United States. It is the committee's opinion that the aims and practices in the promotion of new products by the pharmaceutical industry do not coincide at all points with those for the education and en- lightenment of physicians. The committee doubts ^ that a pharmaceutical company can educate physicians objectively through promotion of its own products. On the other hand, the practicing physician does not have the time to evaluate evidence on a new drug. •» Smith, Ralph G., Evaluation of safety of new drugs by the Food and Drug Administration, Journal of "Pharmaceutical advertising, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 38: 46-58, Jan. 1962; see also The importance of clinical testing in determining the efficacy and safety of drugs, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 38: 415-439, June 1962, reprinted as exhibit 83 of Interagency coordination in drug research and regulation, hearings before the Subcommittee on Reorganization and International Organization of the Committee on Government Operations, U.S. Senate, 87th Cong., 2d sess., Aug. 1 and 9, 1962, part 2, pp. 528-541. 30 DRUG LITERATURE The sole interest of the committee is that public health and welfare be served by having adequate and accurate information concerning new drugs placed in the hands of practicing physicians. The most practical solution that would serve this purpose, while avoiding both the mentioned difficulties, would be a system under impartial auspices that will provide reliable information to each physician. 2. It is obvious that pharmaceutical advertising should not be inaccurate, inadequate, false or misleading. But over and above these criteria, the committee believes that whenever the adver- tising material cites specific indications and dosage it should also contain a statement of side reactions and contraindications in equal prominence. 3. In the opinion of the committee, clinical testing that is the source of the evidence on new drugs is just as important as the use of the evidence, whether for promotion by advertising or for education. In fact, clinical testing has a profound influence upon both promotion and education. The Committee recommends that deliberations be devoted to the subject of clinical testing with an aim toward developing an adequate and satisfactory system. Direct mail advertising literature is voluminous. An industry representative reports that the average doctor gets about 4,000 mailings a year.61 Dr. Bowes62 collected the drug advertisements and samples he received through the mail and estimated it weighed more than 365 pounds in a year. He expressed the opinion that "Being human, the physician cannot help but being greatly influenced to prescribe the drug to his patient that is most frequently and attractively flaunted before his eyes." The volume of promotional literature has been criticized repeatedly. Dr. Levinger63 deplores "needless, repetitive advertising. This applies not only to brochures, post-cards, colorful gadgets, etc., but to the innumerable 'publications' which flood our offices daily. Does the European doctor have his desk 'papered' so thoroughly? Does he need 4 to 5 special weekly newspapers in order to keep him informed, or is the tense, alert reporting of a journal like Lancet an indication of a saner approach to this problem in England? * * * Repetition of information, of drug ads, etc., may be needed for a less alert group of people, but physicians surely are well enough seasoned to be able to grasp new information if it is presented once or twice." And a hospital pharmacist says: 64 "People are inclined to evaluate media of information as a total whole and accept or reject the entire media without making specific judgment on individual items con- tained. Thus we find ourselves throwing away circulars we receive « Boyer, Francis, Direct mail promotion, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 38: 207-212 « New York Times, Apr. 15.1960. •» Levinger, Ernest L., The reader's burden, Letter to the Editor, Journal of the American Medical Assn elation 175:1020, Mar. 18,1961. American ivieaicai Asso 137-139iSFeib J196?h P'' Human motives ln communications, American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 18: DRUG LITERATURE 31 by mail with nothing more than a passing glance at them. Literature from pharmaceutical houses generally passes from the mail box to the waste basket because the physician considers it of low worth. When a form of communication becomes routinized and stereotyped, it ceases to attract attention and becomes worthless as information media." One pharmaceutical executive points out that, in contrast to the wide variety of media available to the soft drink advertiser, the pharmaceutical industry has only 4 media, and rather than an audience of 175 million, the industry audience is only approximately 175,000 physicians.65 The 4 kinds of pharmaceutical advertising have been described as: (1) direct mail: (2) the spoken word (detail men); (3) technical exhibits at medical meetings; and (4) medical journal advertising. Of these, the first and fourth fall into the category of "drug literature" in that they are publications which are used as sources of information on drugs. One of the important duties of the detail man, however, is that he "supplies the doctor with literature or other material whicn will be helpful to him for further review and refer- ence." 68 Direct mail may come in a wide variety of forms. "At one end there is the government post card with a brief reminder message; at the other end the comprehensive illustrated book, bound in stiff covers, containing a complete review—pathological, pharmacological and clinical—on an important drug. There are reprints, house organs, and above all, samples, just to mention a few of the most prominent direct mail forms." 67 Pharmaceutical advertising has had very little attention as drug literature in secondary sources. However, the Committee on Pharma- comedical Nonserial Industrial Publications of SLA's Pharmaceutical Section includes brochures on new drugs and treatment methods in its quarterly COPNIP List along with notes on new films and other pamphlets of interest, such as those on drug vehicles, and govern- ment and association pamphlets on public health problems. Unlisted Drugs will include any new drug noted first in an advertisement, if composition is also given, as it is with all American prescription legend drugs. « Hardt, Robert A.. The role of medical journal advertising in pharmaceutical promotion, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 38:286-290, Apr. 1962. «• Cain, George R., The detail man—what the pharmaceutical industry expects of him, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 33:126-134. Feb. 1962. •» Boyer, Francis, Direct mail promotion, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 33: 207-212. Mar. 1962. SECTION 9 CASE STUDIES A. General Much has been said on the many kinds of drug publications and on the fact that literature on drugs may be found in many F^ces, including some that are particularly obscure. But as A. N. White- head has remarked, "Without generalization there is no meaning, and without concreteness there is no significance." To make the drug literature more understandable, two preparations have been selected and studied more specifically as to what has happened to publications concerning them. The drugs selected are from two different thera- peutic categories, but otherwise they were chosen only because they are relatively new and because bibliographies on them were known to be available. Vinblastine is used in certain very specific types of cancer; chlordiazepoxide is used for a wide group of psychiatric conditions. Time did not permit exhaustive analysis of the publications on either drug; it has been possible to give some detail on vinblastine, and to summarize the findings on chlordiazepoxide. Full citations are available in bibliographies at the National Library of Medicine for those articles described without footnotes in the case studies. B. Vinblastine Case Study 1. The 33rd Annual Report of the British Empire Cancer Campaign covering 1955 (received in the National Library of Medicine August 21, 1956)68 contained among the reports of its Campaign Fellows one from Dr. C. T. Beer, who was studying at the Collip Medical Research Laboratory, University of Western Ontario, under the supervision of Dr. R. L. Noble. Among several activities reported were two para- graphs in which Dr. Beer described how the Jamaica periwinkle (Vinca rosea) injected into rats caused a dramatic fall in the leucocyte count and suggested its potential therapeutic value in leukemia. Toxic symptoms were also noted, and it was remarked that: "It is not possible on the present evidence to state if the toxicity and leucocyte reaction are independent phenomena due to the presence of more than one biologically active substance." 2. During October 1957, Cutts, Beer and Noble69 presented a paper on hematopoietic effects in rats of extracts of Vinca rosea before the Canadian Physiological Society. The Proceedings were distrib- uted as a separate, and also appeared in Revue Canadienne de Biologie for December 1957. The abstract in these Proceedings describes animal studies in general terms and reports that "these «» British Empire Cancer Campaign, Thirty-third annual report covering the year 1955 London iqis pp. 487-488. ' ' lyo ' « Cutts, J. H., Beer, C T., and Noble, R. L., Effect on hematopoiesis in rats of extracts of Vinca rn!M Revue Canadienne de Biologie 16: 476, Dec. 1957. 'ohed' 32 DRUG LITERATURE 33 effects have been compared to those produced by aminopterin." 3. At a meeting held in Bethesda, Md., on March 13-15, 1958, the same three scientists presented a paper entitled "Role of chance observations in chemotherapy, Vinca rosea," They reported that in 1949 they had received some leaves of periwinkle, Vinca rosea, from Jamaica because of "the reputed benefits of a tea" mado from them. These leaves had been tested for their effects on carbohydrate metabo- lism and possible use in diabetes mellitus. But further observation showed that injection of an aqueous extract into rats was causing a marked drop in the white blood cell count. They started to grow Vinca rosea near London, Ontario, and, in 1955, initiated an intensive chemical study. They were able to obtain a well-defined crystalline derivative, the sulfate, from the most active fraction of the extract, and to characterize it. And they reported that "the crude material possessed some definite carcinostatic activity against transplantable mammary adenocarcinoma in DBA/JAX mice and against a trans- plantable sarcoma in the rat." The paper was published in the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences dated December 5, 1958, and received in libraries in early 1959. 4. A report from the Lilly Research Laboratories 70 on 4 other alkaloids of Vinca rosea mentioned "vincaleucoblastine" in its intro- duction, cited the New York Academy of Sciences article, and reported in a footnote that a sample of "vincaleucoblastine" had been supplied from the Western Ontario Laboratories. The footnote further stated: "They have isolated this compound independently from us and will publish their results elsewhere. The name of the compound, however, has been chosen by mutual agreement." The journal in which this report was published was dated April 1959 and was received in the National Library of Medicine April 23. 5. In Biochemical Pharmacology for March 1959 (received at NLM on May 5) a short communication from the Western Ontario group reported antitumor effects of "vincaleukoblastine" in mice. The name was here and subsequently spelled with a "k" in spite of the announced agreement in the preceding paper on the use of vincaleuco- blastine. 6. In the fall of 1959, three more chemical papers appeared from the Lilly Research Laboratories, two in the September 5 Journal of the American Chemical Society (received at NLM October 1) and one in the November Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, Scientific Edition (received at NLM November 25). The first in- cluded Dr. Beer of the Ontario group as a joint author. These papers described preparation, characterization, and structural features of vincaleukoblastine, as well as the botanical characteristics of Vinca rosea Linn. It was noted that vincaleukoblastine and leurosine, isolated at the Lilly Laboratories in 1958, had identical molecular formulas and essentially identical infrared spectra, though some specific differences were noted. In the course of the third of these papers Lilly reported previous independent observation of a delayed toxicity of certain fractions of the crude Vinca rosea, and testing against experimental leukemia. 7. At the Central Society for Clinical Research meeting on Novem- ber 6 and 7, 1959, the Lilly scientists presented two papers, abstracts w Gorman, Marvin; Neuss, Norbert; Svoboda, Gordon H.; Barnes, Albert J.; and Cone, Nancy J., A note on the alkaloids of Vinca rosea Linn, (Catharanthus roseus G. Don.) II, Catharanthine, lochnericine, vindolinine, and vlndoline, Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, Scientific Edition 48:256- 257, Apr. 1959. 34 DRUG LITERATURE of which appear in the November Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine (received at NLM November 12). One reported discovery of profound antileukemic activity in an extract during routine cancer screening in December 1957; and the other announced the first studies in human beings. Results in 20 patients with acute lymphocytic and monocytic leukemia were described generally and toxic en6Cts mentioned. For the first time, the compound number, 29060-LE, was also given. 8. The November 25 Medical Science 7l (received at NLM Novem- ber 30) carried the first summary that we have noted in a journal addressed to the general medical community, entitled "Alkaloids of Vinca rosea Linn—possible antileukemics." It was based on an earlier chemical study. 9. In 1960, there appeared a half dozen each of laboratory and clinical studies which involved vinblastine plus one whose title was oriented toward toxicity, all in United States journals. The toxicity title was: "Changes in scalp hair roots as a measure of toxicity from cancer chemotherapeutic drugs." These 13 papers appeared in a total of 8 different journals, Cancer Research accounting for 4 titles, and Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research for 3. Two of the journal titles are not on the Composite List of Journals of Pharmaceutical Interest (appendix D); they are Experi- mental Cell Research and Journal of the Indiana State Medical Asso- ciation. However, only one, Journal of the American Pharmaceuti- cal Association, Scientific Edition, is on the World List of Pharmacy Periodicals (appendix C). 10. During 1960, two summaries on new developments discussed vincaleukoblastine, one in Cancer Chemotherapy Reports, and the other in Sogo Igaku (Medicine Tokyo), the first oversea report noted since the original announcement in 1955. And the May 25, 1960 Medical Science 72 printed a follow-up on its earlier announcement (item 8) stating they had subsequently learned of the independent Ontario work and were glad to find that "both research groups decided to pool their knowledge." 11. Meanwhile, the names began to appear in various lists, vincaleukoblastine and 29060-LE in the January 1960 Unlisted Drugs, taken from the Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. In PMA's Bulletin of the Trade-Mark Bureau, Velban was announced as a Lilly trademark "for an antineoplastic agent, not yet in use" on June 29, and vinblastine sulfate as a coined generic name on October 19. Velban and vinblastine appeared in the March 1961 Unlisted Drugs, reported from the March 6 F-D-C Reports. The August 1961 Unlisted Drugs announced the export name, Velbe, which liad appeared in the South African Medical Journal dated April 29 1961 and, during^August, Velbe was also announced in the U.S. Patent Office Official Gazette,73 claiming "first use Jan. 18, 1961." 12. The first marketing announcement of Velban occurred in pharmlndex for April 1961 (received in NLM April 4). There were a description, cautions on use, and a tabular dosage summary. The May 1961 Modern Drugs (received in NLM May 16), carried a similar description, cautions and contraindications, plus a note suggesting that the user see the special company brochure for complete details » Medical Science 6:740, Nov. 25.1959. » Alkaloids for leukemias, Medical Science 7: 716, May 25,1960. n SN 116,408, U.S. Patent Offlce^Officlal Gazette 769: TM 144, Aug. 29,1961 DRUG LITERATURE 35 Vinblastine appeared in Physician's Desk Reference for 1962 and entered the American Hospital Formulary Service in April 1962 and Facts and Comparisons in June 1962. It had also begun to be announced for marketing as Velbe abroad—in South America, England, Spain. Though a complete search was not made, the first announcement noted was in the British card service, Pharmacy Digest, New Prescription Products Card Service, for September 1961. 13. On March 2, 1961, a letter announcing the marketing of Velban (vinblastine sulfate) was sent by Eli Lilly and Company to all practic- ing physicians, residents, interns, Veterans' Administration doctors, and pharmacists. It contained a statement that: "in view of the possibility of premature publicity in nonprofessional media, we take this means of informing you first." There was also a footnote to pharmacists saying that the drug would be used primarily in hospita- lized patients, but the copy of the letter to physicians was being sent to keep the pharmacist informed. Inside the letter was information on historical data, pharmacology and toxicology, indications, con- traindications, clinical reports, hematological effects, dosage recom- mendations, method of administration, evaluation of therapy, side effects, precautions, and how supplied. There were also 17 references. Fifteen referred to journal articles, of which 3 were in press; the other 2 were to investigators' reports and unpublished observations at the Lilly Research Laboratories. On March 10, the company sent a letter to domestic general practitioners, internists, hemato- logists, pediatricians, surgeons and radiologists, together with a 9-page brochure supplying virtually the same information as the March 2 letter but in larger type and more pleasing format. In April a folder was distributed for detailing domestic physicians, including the brochure. In August and September 1962 reprints of two articles from Cancer Chemotherapy Reports were sent to domestic sales representatives and made available to physicians upon written request to the Lilly Medical Department. 14. During 1961, 72 articles appeared in scientific publications on vinblastine. Of these, 31 were in journals on the Composite List (appendix D), and only 3 in those on the World List of Pharmacy Periodicals (appendix C). Forty-one were in sources that do not appear on either fist. The United States was the country of publica- tion for 39 of the papers, the remainder being distributed as follows: Canada-14; Italy-6; Austria-3; South Africa-3; Great Britain-2; Switzerland-2; and Germany, Australia, and Hungary-1 each. One of these papers was repeated in full. There were undoubtedly numerous announcements of the drug such as that in Science News Letter u and the ones from which information for Unlisted Drugs was obtained (item 11). It was also cited in secondary sources such as The Yearbook of Cancer. A British patent was obtained in 1961. 15. Up to the time the bibliography supplied by the Eli Lilly Company was completed, 65 scientific articles on vinblastine had been noted in 1962, 34 from journals on the Composite List (appen- dix D), 9 from those on the World List of Pharmacy Periodicals (appendix C), and 30 from neither. The geographic distribution of these articles was as follows: United States-38; Germany-8; Great Britain-4; Canada-3; France-2; Switzerland-2; Austria, i* Periwinkle drug for cancer, Science News Letter 79:181, Mar. 25,1961. 36 DRUG LITERATURE Argentina, Czechoslovakia, India, Italy, Philippines, Spain, and Rtiqci fl,—1 pap n 16. Undoubtedly, vinblastine had begun to be announced in texts by 1962. One example is a book on medicinal plants from boutn Africa.75 C. Chlordiazepoxide Case Study Chlordiazepoxide moved much more quickly from discovery to market than did vinblastine. A bibliography (supplied by Kocne Laboratories and available at the National Library of Medicme) lists one patent and one clinical paper published in 1959. Ihe product was marketed in March 1960 and its rapid rise to prominence is described in a paper by Milton Moskowitz.76 During the spring of 1960, it was discussed in several lay journals.77 Of the 528 papers in the Roche bibliography dated October 31, 1962, 2 appeared in 1959, 96 in 1960, 314 in 1961, and 116 in 1962. The periodicals in which they appeared were on the Composite List (appendix D) in 283 cases, on the World List of Pharmacy Periodicals (appendix C) 71 times, and on neither in 239 instances. The coun- tries of publication were: United States-270; Switzerland-42; Spain- 34; France-33; Germany-32; Great Britain-30; Canada-13; Austria- 12; Italy-10; Japan-10; Netherlands-10; Belgium-7; Brazil^; Mexico-4; Sweden^; Uruguay-3; Argentina-3; Denmark-2; Nor- way-2; and Australia, Poland, and Portugal-1 each. D. Case Study Summary It is sometimes said that a relatively few journals cover a high percentage of the material of interest in any given subject. This would not appear to be the fact with the 2 drugs studied here. The 158 citations on vinblastine came from 19 different countries and 77 articles were from journals that did not appear on either basic list checked (appendixes C and D). Chlordiazepoxide appeared in papers from 22 different countries, and 45 percent of the articles did not appear in journals of either of the basic lists. This would seem to bear out the hypothesis stated earlier in this report, namely, that in some important respects the "drug literature" is not separable from the totality of the biochemical and biomedical literature. '» Watt, John Mitchell, and Breyer-Branjwljk, Maria Gerdina, The medicinal and poisonous plants of southern and eastern Africa, Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1962, p. 88. 78 Moskowitz, Milton, Librium, a marketing case history, Drug and Cosmetic Industry: 460-461,566-567, Oct. 1960. " Tranquil but alert; Librium, Time 75:47, Mar. 7,1960; New way to calm a cat; Librium, Life 48: 93-94+, Apr. 18,1960; Report on Librium, Time 75:37, May 30,1960. SECTION 10 USE OF THE DRUG LITERATURE; DETAILING A great deal has been written on communication of scientific information and its relation to use of the literature. Publications on communication of drug information and use of the drug literature are also plentiful. The latter studies are closely tied to the physician's first notice of a new drug and to its prescription. Nearly all have been carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of various means of promotion of pharmaceutical products and, in some cases, to endorse a single advertising medium. We have spent considerable time in examining these publications, but the only conclusion we have been able to reach is that it would take an expert in survey methods and statistical analysis to make any valid deductions from the wealth of varying and sometimes conflicting reports. We can cite several recent summaries.78 When Dr. Hampton 79 reviewed previous studies, based mostly on recall by physicians, he reported that "in practically all studies, the detail man has been shown to be predominant except in one case in which combined journal articles and journal advertisements were considered to be more effective on an overall basis. * * * However, one study showed discussions with colleagues to be a major factor." But when Dr. Hampton attempted various statistical correlations between promotional expenditures and monthly sales, he found that80 "in four of the five products [analyzed], the greatest contribution to explained or associated variability was made by the use of space in medical journals. Direct mail made the next greatest contribution, and was the leading factor for one product. Detailing made the least contribution and can be assumed to have the least effect in explaining the variations in sales of the products under study." An even more recent study concluded: 81 "that the detailing of established broad spectrum antibiotics does not statistically affect the company's share of the market" and if detailing "were reduced in frequency or possibly eliminated, the relative sales volume of the four companies would not vary significantly under the conditions shown." . In connection with the physician's use of drug literature m general there has been some disagreement on his responsibility for and ability to evaluate it. Hardt,82 for example, believes "a doctor is one of the n Hampton, Richard J., An analysis of the relationship between variations in.promotion and sales of ethical pharmaceutical products, Modern Medicine Topics 23: [2-8], Apr 1962; ibid.: 1-7, May 1962; ibid.: Pi^l Tune 1962; ibid ■ 2-111. July 1962; Boek, Walter E., An annotated bibliography of studies on the flow of medical information to practitioners, N.Y., Institute for Advancement of Medical Communication, mimeographed, part 1, Sept. 1961; part 2. Sept. 1962; Patterns of Disease 1962: 2-8, June. "Hampton? Richard J., An analysis of the relationship between variations in promotion and sales of ethical pharmaceutical products, Modern Medicine Topics 23- [2-5], June 1962. w Hampton, Richard J., An analysis of the relationship between variations m promotion and sales of ethical pharmaceutical products, Modern Medicine Topics 23: [2-11], July 1962. tvt„,w„ « PoltaskyT Max, Measuring the effectiveness and value of detailing established products, Modern ^H^d^R'AfTnVrote of medical journal advertising in pharmaceutical promotion, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 38: 286-290, Apr. 1962. 37 38 DRUG LITERATURE most discerning persons on earth when it comes to deciding what product will benefit his patient most." On the other hand, the New York Academy of Medicine Committee on Public Health states: _ "Skepticism has its place in the early stages of judgment, but it should create a desire for more facts. What the practicing physician needs is an honest and comprehensive basis for forming critical judg- ments, and information adequate to meet this need is not always supplied to him." And Dr. Rhoads,84 in discussing changes in atti- tudes toward drugs as new information develops, says: "All of us covet the security of advice and guarantees of safety and effectiveness from the sources available to us—pharmacology and therapy text-book and reliable medical journals, etc. But this security is not to be had. Every physician, when he administers a drug, faces the necessity of using his own best judgment. He cannot escape the responsibility of being well informed and ready to change his mind on the basis of new information." It can be assumed that personal communication and drug literature both have considerable effect in circulating drug information and that there will be variations in the kind of literature used and the extent of its use, depending on the particular audience and the particular individual in that audience. As long as the volume of information to be communicated is of the magnitude suggested in this report, finding the most effective means of communication remains one of the most important challenges to all concerned with the drug literature. h Pharmaceutical advertising, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 38: 46-58, Jan. 1962. ** Rhoads, Paul S., The doctor's dilemma—drug therapy and the facts of life, Archives of Internal Medicine 107: 810-812, June 1961. SECTION 11 SUMMARY OF THE REPORT It is difficult to try to summarize the findings of this report in terms which are simple, yet not simplistic. One can only say that there is a great amount and variety of publication in what may be called the "drug literature"; that there are a great many secondary sources of information; that no single source is all-embracing in the needs it serves. This is not surprising; a problem involving many complex substances, varied biological activities under varying circumstances, different aspects, different uses, different audiences, millions of words, dozens of languages, not to say differences of judgment and differences of interpretation, and a myriad nomenclature, is not a problem which is susceptible to easy solution, or solution that is readily apparent. It is probable that there is no solution, only solutions. It is certain that a wide variety of tasks remain to challenge the best talents which chemists, biologists, pharmacologists, physicians, documental- ists, and librarians can bring to bear. 39 97-201—63 :\\\C \L «^w Vl^S * "*3i- &5 CN**** opv9?.,J M1 VAAr,"\.x\i»V ;>^' >"£■- M^-"1 H(yl ,0»**kl C^!1! \0"l\C*~ f> lj** APPENDIXES APPENDIX A REPORTS OF ASSOCIATION GROUPS PRIMARILY CONCERNED WITH PHARMACEUTICAL LITERATURE CONTENTS Item 1. Discussion on Pharmaceutical Literature Control, by Asger F. Lang- lykke. Presented before the PMA Research and Development p«ee Section, November 5, 1958_________________________________ 42 *2. Report of the Literature Committee, by F. Y. Wiselogle. Presented before the PMA Research and Development Section, November 4, 1959. 3. Report of the Literature Committee, by Alexander M. Moore. Pre- sented before the PMA Research and Development Section, Novem- ber 16, 1960_____________________________________________ 46 4. Report of the Literature Committee, by Alexander M. Moore. Pre- sented before the PMA Research and Development Section, October 24, 1961________________________________________________ 50 5. Report of the Literature Committee, by Eliot Steinberg. Presented before the PMA Research and Development Section, November 2, 1962____________________________________________________ 53 *6. Report of the Joint Committee on Pharmacy College Libraries, Ameri- can Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, 1957-1958, by George E. Osborne. *7. Report of the Joint Committee on Pharmacy College Libraries, Ameri- can Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, 1960-1961, by Glenn Sonnedecker. *8. Report of the Joint Committee on Pharmacy College Libraries, Ameri- can Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, 1961-1962, by Patrick F. Belcastro. 9. Establishment of the Commission of Pharmaceutical Abstracts. Minutes of the meeting of the Council of the International Pharma- ceutical Federation, September 11, 1958---------------------- 55 10. Report of the Commission on Pharmaceutical Abstracts. Minutes of the meeting of the Council of the International Pharmaceutical Federation, September 13, 1961----------------------------- 56 ♦These reports, as compiled by the National Library of Medicine, are, for reasons of brevity, not reprinted within this publication. 41 42 DRUG LITERATURE APPENDIX A—ITEM 1 DISCUSSION ON PHARMACEUTICAL LITERATURE CONTROL By Asger F. Langlykke The Squibb Institute for Medical Research Presented Before the P.M.A. Research and Development Section, Sea Island, Ga., November 5, 1958 The original proposal which caused this discussion to be put on the program came from a meeting of representatives of five pharmaceutical houses last May 9th to consider the proposal of the Battelle Memorial Institute for abstracting and indexing pharmaceutical literature from Slavic countries. These representatives suggested that "there should be a further study of the possibility of improving our coverage of new pharmaceutical developments in the Slavic countries. Suggested means for improvement were: "(1) Translation or commissioning of reviews of Russian work in fields of interest to the pharmaceutical industry, as antibiotics, phenothiazines, etc.; (2) Addition of further journals, particularly non-Soviet, to those now covered by Abstracts of Soviet Medicine; (3) Translation of addi- tional Slavic journals in full." The representatives suggested that the proper organization to initiate such a study is the P.M.A. I feel that study of Slavic literature coverage takes care of only one area of the problems of pharmaceutical literature control and question whether it should be isolated. I therefore propose to review recent developments in this field in order that our Research and Development Section can consider what part it or the P.M.A. should take in them. Definitions.—The "pharmaceutical literature" may be defined as any published papers on preparations with potential therapeutic or diagnostic activity, either natural or synthetic. These papers could cover any aspect of these preparations, such as chemistry, pharmacology, market potential, nomenclature, clinical investigation, toxicity, methods for compounding, storing and dispensing them, etc. "Pharmaceutical literature" may further be expanded to cover the study of basic physiological mechanisms which might potentially be controlled by drug or enzyme activity. It may also cover the application of pharmaceutical prepara- tions for non-therapeutic uses, such as the agricultural applications of antibiotics. Obviously, pharmaceutical literature as defined here occurs in a wide range of fields, varying from botany and zoology to veterinary medicine and dentistry. The forms which this "pharmaceutical literature" may take are: (a) primary publications, which would include all original papers whether published in jour- nals or books or as theses, newspaper articles, meeting abstracts or patents; and (b) secondary publications, which would include all abstracts of primary publica- tions, wherever found, as well as monographs and reviews, complete translations of original work, textbooks, handbooks (including pharmacopeias and dispensa- tories), yearbooks, bibliographies (including table of contents reproductions), etc. The physical form of either the primary or secondary publications may be books or journals, cards, photostats or microfilms (including microfilms or printed ab- stracts on punched cards), but in order to constitute a publication, it should be reproduced in multiple copies and distributed. In this frame of reference, pharmaceutical literature control can be defined as any activity which serves to make the information in primary pharmaceutical publications more readily available to pharmaceutical investigators and adminis- trators. It could be achieved through secondary publications or through an information center which would have a privately prepared index and abstracts. The purposes of pharmaceutical literature control are: (1) To make original work readily available as soon as it is published so that the pharmaceutical scientist or administrator may keep informed of cur- rent development's; (2) To make the original work retrievable at any subsequent time when all pertinent information on a specific subject is desired. In order to quantitate the number of original papers annually published which might be defined as pharmaceutical literature, we have guessed that there are around 200,000, based on the following work with estimates recently made by various abstracting services as to the total number of papers of interest to their areas (2, p. 312-19): DRUG LITERATURE 43 Total estimate Percent of potential pharma- ceutical Interest Calculated total of pharma- ceutical interest Agriculture................................................... Biology....................................................... Chemistry...............................-........__________ Medicine............___............................._______ Engineering......______..............____.........._______ Nuclear science__________.............................______ Psychological................................................. Strictly pharmacy............................................ Subtotal____........................................... Less 25 percent for duplication in above total estimates where a single article would be covered in 2 fields.................. 150.000 150.000 (>) 175.000 50.000 18.000 20.000 (») 1,000 (») 15,000 75.000 45.000 131.000 1,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 664,000 272,000 68,000 Total. 204,000 1100,000-plus. »174 journals are devoted to pharmacy exclusively, according to Francke's paper (5). This is 6 articles/journal. »A11. Obviously, with this quantity of total publication, pharmaceutical literature control will probably not be best totally accomplished by a separate publication or organization. Rather, it will probably best be handled by coordinating and improving existing services and then supplementing them only where they do not cover pharmaceutical literature at all or cannot be made adequate for pharma- ceutical interests with respect to promptness or pertinency of their indexing and abstracting. Our estimate of 664,000 is, if anything, short of the fact. Other estimates indi- cate that between 1,000,000 and 2,000,000 separate scientific papers are published each year. The major world abstracting and indexing services include only a part of these publications. A survey in 1957 of 14 major scientific abstracting services in America indicated that they needed to expand on an average by 55 to 60 percent to give adequate coverage of the world's literature (2, p. 340). Mean- while, in the burst of activity following the launching of Sputnik a year ago, there came forth nearly 50 legislative proposals to solve the problem of our national scientific effort. Frequently some aspect of science information was included. Programs for national centers for coordination of scientific information were also prepared by Stanford Research Institute and by Western Reserve University's Center for Documentation and Communication Research, the latter introduced to a meeting in Cleveland in February 1958 and referred through the Council on Documentation Research to the National Academy of Science-National Research Council. Under recommendations of the Council on Documentation Research, the Governing Board of NAS-NRC approved on April 27, 1958, recommendations to establish an Advisory Board on Information and Documentation in Science whose functions would include examination of the problem, assessment of present knowledge, coordination of present activities by the Academy-Research Council and others, assistance of the Office of Scientific Information, specifically in assess- ment of proposals for research undertakings and identification of areas where new- knowledge is needed, and finally "to prepare a plan for an information center on the subject of information and documentation science." (3, p. 21) The results of Government legislative proposals are summarized in Senate Report No. 2498 (85th Cong., 2nd Sess.), "Progress Report on Science Programs of the Federal Government." This report, together with parts 1 and 2 of the hearings on the Science and Technology Act of 1958 (S. 3126 and S. 4039, 85th Cong , 2nd Sess., Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations) and Senate Document No. 90 (85th Cong., 2nd Sess., Analysis and Sum- mary * * * [of the] Science and Technology Act of 1958), bring together a com- prehensive picture of national documentation activities today as well as a sum- mary of legislative action. The original Science and Technology Act of 1958 proposed to establish a De- partment of Science and included creation within that department of a Bureau of Technical Services and transfer to it from other agencies all science informa- tion activities. In practice this would have included transfer of the Patent Office the Office of Technical Services and the National Bureau of Standards from the Department of Commerce, transfer of the Office of Scientific Informa- 44 DRUG LITERATURE tion with the transfer of the National Science Foundation to the Department of Science, etc. In May and June the hearings already mentioned receivea testi- mony to determine the present status of operations of private facilities fna r caerm services in the documentation field and to obtain recommendations for uovern- ment participation either in establishing a scientific information center or in providing funds in support of existing programs. . , „„„„, The Government agencies participating in the hearings were in general accord that no additional legislative authorization was needed. Dr. Alan l. waterman, director of the National Science Foundation, outlined in some detail the steps which that organization is taking "to assume national leadership in tne scientific and technical information services carried on both within and outside of govern- ment." Mr. Walter Williams, Under Secretary of Commerce, summarized the function of the three important Federal agencies as: developers of information and a coordinating function—National Science Foundation; depository of infor- mation—Library of Congress; centralized clearinghouse which directs the citizen to the information he needs—Office of Technical Services. Dr. Burton W. Ad- kinson, head of the Office of Scientific Information, National Science Foundation, spelled out in more detail how his group carries out coordination and mentioned that they are "setting up an arrangement whereby the National Bureau of Standards will be the clearinghouse and research advisory body on machine work within the Federal Government." Public Law No. 85-864 (September 2, 1958) "created a Science Information Service in the National Science Foundation to be responsible for providing or arranging for the provision of indexing, translating, abstracting, and other services and for developing new or improved methods for making scientific information available. A 15-member council, plus ex officio members, is established to advise and consult with the service, such council to be appointed by the director of the Foundation." The implementation of the pro- gram seems assured by appropriations and available obligational authority for the National Science Foundation aggregating $138.5 million for fiscal year 1959, compared with corresponding totals aggregating $49.7 million for fiscal year 1958. In January 1958 at a conference provided for by funds frogi the National Sci- ence Foundation, 14 American scientific abstracting and indexing services organ- ized the National Federation of Scientific Abstracting and Indexing Services, with the announced objective "to improve the documentation—abstracting, indexing and analyzing—of the scientific and technological literature of the world in such a manner as to make it readily available to all scientists and technologists." The first means to this objective was stated as "encouraging the development of ab- stracting and indexing for those specialized subject fields not at present covered by such services and the further development of existing services." Other means include the standardization of such routine matters as journal citations, abbrevia- tions and transliteration of foreign-language titles and "cooperation, education, research, and the pursuit of mutually useful enterprises, to strive for the best pos- sible research information services for science and technology in the United States and abroad." (1, p. 240) A concrete example of the National Science Foundation's interest in the field of pharmaceutical documentation is shown by its partial support of a delegation of the Pharmaceutical Section, Science-Technology Division, Special Libraries to the Federation Internationale Pharmaceutique in Brussels in September 1958. Two members of the group, Miss McCann of Squibb and Miss Boykin of Lederle, offered a 3-step proposal for international collaboration to be directed by FIP. The 3 steps were: publication of a series of reviews of pharmaceutical activity, country by country, with emphasis on facilities for collecting and publishing drug information; expansion of "Drug Information Sources" bibliography with repre- sentatives of other countries reporting their own publications; and national or regional collection of drug information publications wherever local interests de- mand it. The proposal was the subject of interested and searching discussion and several constructive suggestions were made as to how members of FIP could support "Drug Information Sources." M. Degand, FIP secretary, felt that FIP did not have the staff required to administer the program as recommended but pledged to cooperate in any way that was possible, perhaps through the medium of their journal, Journal Mondial de Pharmacie. The matter of asking each countrv to provide FIP with information about their published sources and existing docu- mentation centers was referred to the council of FIP. B Miss Sewell, of Squibb, participated in a discussion by the Press and Docu- mentation and Scientific Sections on pharmaceutical abstracting The problems' needs, and present status of pharmaceutical abstracting and indexing were sur veyed and the FIP council approved a committee with the announced aim of DRUG LITERATURE 45 having a pharmaceutical abstracting publication in existence by the 1962 meeting of the federation. Don Francke, director of Pharmacy Service at the University Hospital and assistant professor at the University of Michigan College of Phar- macy, was appointed chairman, and Miss Sewell, who was named the member at large for pharmaceutical documentation and industry, is the only other Amer- ican member. In addition, the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain has interested itself in putting out such an abstract publication and Mr. Fitch, its publications director, asked Dr. Francke and Miss Sewell, among others, a series of questions on specifications and possible circulation of such a publication. He expects to issue a memorandum on his investigations in the very near future. Judging from their present publications, the Pharmaceutical Society should be uniquely qualified to put out useful abstracts. The Battelle Memorial Institute has, in a little over a year, come up with 3 separate proposals for abstracting and indexing the pharmaceutical literature: first, to establish a pharmaceutical information center at a cost of $25,000/year/ firm with a minimum of 10 firms participating in a 3-year contract; second, to abstract and index 62 Slavic language periodicals and establish a pharmaceutical information center for Slavic publications only at a cost of $5,000/year/firm with a 2-year contract for at least 10 firms; and third, to cover a limited number of journals at a flat rate of $25,000 for one year only to be divided among whatever number of firms decide to participate. Perhaps the most tangible development in cooperative documentation in the pharmaceutical field is the contract issued by the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association to Eugene Garfield Associates for indexing the steroid literature according to the Patent Office system. Though cards from the literature have not been received by individual companies as yet, they are expected soon (No- vember 1958). As you all know, Mr. Garfield is also responsible for the Current Contents of Pharmaceutical Publications which was begun in January 1958 and has been subscribed to by a number of our companies. This publication fulfills many of our requirements for keeping informed of recent developments and frees us to place more emphasis on provision for prompt retrieval of information on a specific subject when it is needed. Also in fields other than abstracting and indexing, 13 pharmaceutical companies made it possible for Consultant's Bureau to publish the Russian Pharmacology and Toxicology in translation. Four companies have agreed to subsidize the translation of Antibiotics by Consultant's Bureau beginning with 1958 issues, the first to appear in January 1959. Both publications are also available on general subscription. Because of the continued activities by various organizations to promote phar- maceutical documentation, the Pharmaceutical Section of the Special Libraries Association this year established a contact committee to consider and evaluate proposals for pharmaceutical literature control and to make recommendations for action by the section. In fields which have considerable pharmaceutical interest, there have been 2 studies on the scientist's use of the literature—both by Herner and Co. One surveyed the use which American medical scientists make of Soviet medical research publication, showing that relatively little use has been made of it in the past because of its inaccessibility and concluding that, as it is more readily avail- able, "appreciation of Soviet research will depend ultimately upon the quality and nature of that research." (Science 128: 9-15 (July 4, 1958).) The other is being done for Chemical Abstracts to evaluate the use made of the publication by scientists and librarians. Within the past 10 years, many important products have been developed by the American pharmaceutical industry, the ideas for which have come from the published literature. It can therefore be assumed that the better a pharmaceu- tical organization covers the literature, the greater are its chances of coming up with a profitable new product. It is my contention, however, that in all cases those publications from which ideas for new products came were known to the scientists in other firms than the one which developed the product.^ In other words, the key to development of the new idea was not that the scientist had the information, but that he had the know-how for developing it. If my assumption is true, it seems wasteful and unsound for several organiza- tions to duplicate effort in abstracting and indexing in order to make available the pharmaceutical literature. With the increasing burden on those individual companies which attempt to cover the rapidly expanding literature, I feel that the time has arrived for examining what would be considered ideal literature coverage for the pharmaceutical industry and for agreeing on some measure of 46 DRUG LITERATURE cooperation to obtain that coverage. In order to accomplish this object^® j propose the establishment of a committee within the Research and Developn; ^\y Section of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association to work with the contact committee already set up in the Pharmaceutical Section of SLA and to serve as a continuing body to deal with the literature problem. Without intending to limit the committee's activities, it is suggested that their responsibilities should De: 1. To state what would be considered ideal literature coverage. 2. To initiate or make a study of the "literature habits" of pharmaceutical scientists and administrators in order to verify and supplement that statement. . 3. To examine any proposals for total or partial pharmaceutical literature coverage which may be made so as to determine their adequacy and to offer a common approach so that any proposal may be adapted to the needs of all. 4. To initiate or to work with FIP or other properly qualified agencies in initiating approaches to existing services, stating exactly how they may be improved to meet our needs and to determine what financial arrange- ments would be necessary to attain the standards desired. 5. To initiate or recommend other specific activities such as the full trans- lation of foreign journals and to muster support for such activities. 6. To maintain close liaison with all organizations active on literature problems (such as the Office of Scientific Information, National Science Foundation) so as to utilize all available services for the benefit of phar- maceutical literature control. References 1. U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Government Operations. Science and Technology Act of 1958; hearings before a subcommittee of the Com- mittee on Government Operations, U.S. Senate, 85th Cong., 2nd Sess., on S. 3126, May 2, 6 and 7, 1958, part I. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1958, 297 pp. 2. U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Government Operations. Science and Technology Act of 1958; hearings before a subcommittee of the Com- mittee on Government Operations, U.S. Senate, 85th Cong., 2nd Sess., on S. 3126 and S. 4039, June 25 and 26, 1958, part 2, Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1958, 243 pp. (starting with page 299). 3. U.S. 85th Cong., 2nd Sess. Senate. Progress report on science programs of the Federal Government, Report of the Committee on Government Opera- tions made by its Subcommittee on Reorganization and International Organ- izations; a summary of legislative and administrative actions taken to imple- ment the provisions of the Science and Technology Act of 1958 (S. 3126) and related science programs, Senate Report No. 2498, 1958, 67 pp. 4. U.S. 85th Cong., 2nd Sess. Senate. Science and Technology Act of 1958, analysis and summary prepared by the staff and submitted to the Senate Committee on Government Operations on S. 3126, Senate Document No. 90, 198 pp. 5. Francke, Don E., Some considerations in the preparation and publication of pharmaceutical abstracts, American Journal of Hospital Pharmacv 15-963- 972 (Nov. 1958). APPENDIX A—ITEM 3 REPORT OF THE LITERATURE COMMITTEE* Presented at the Research and Development Section Meeting November 16, 1960 &' By Alexander M. Moore, Parke, Davis Research Laboratories I would like to thank Dr. Langlykke for re-arranging our program this after- noon, to insure that Dr. Adkinson and I would have time to discuss a problem of interest to you. To put it briefly, this problem is that the output of research results, which we need to do our job, has outstripped the publishing abstracting and indexing services on which we have become dependent. The Research and Development Section set up a study committee approximately 2 years aeo to study the problem and to make recommendations. The first chairman of the 'Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Year Book, 1961-1962, Washington, D.O., pp 42i-4o« DRUG LITERATURE 47 committee, Dr. F. Y. Wiselogle, presented a progress report at White Sulphur Springs a year ago. I would like to summarize the way the situation looks to your committee today. First, I should like to say a few words about the composition of our committee to give you an idea of the level at which we are working. Fred Wiselogle, Associate Director in Charge of Chemical Research at Squibb, is not only a member of our committee but also a member of the Advisory Com- mittee to Karl Heumann's Office of Documentation at the National Research Council in Washington. Thus, Fred is able to serve as a liaison between our group and the literature activities which are coordinated by the National Research Council. Bob Harte is Coordinator of Science Information at Merck Sharp and Dohme. Both Bob and Fred are members of a committee advisory to the Research Depart- ment of the U.S. Patent Office and are able to keep us informed on the information and literature activities of the Patent Office. In addition, Bob is a member of several other important committees including the NAS Committee on Newer Methods of Handling the Chemical Literature. Elliott Steinberg is Director of Research Administration at Warner-Lambert. Elliott is also a member of an advisory committee to Isaac Welt's Cardiovascular Literature Project. Bill Elpern is at Cutter Laboratories, Berkeley, Calif. Bill has been most helpful in keeping us advised on activities on the West Coast, particularly on progress in the use of machines for the translation of languages. Ken Hamlin is Director of Chemical Research, Abbott Laboratories. Ken and I try to keep abreast of activities in the Midwest. Doug Remsen, who is head of the Department of Technical Information at the Squibb Institute, serves as liaison between our committee and the Medical Section of PMA. I should also mention that we are working closely with the Special Libraries Association, of which I believe most of your research librarians are members. Miss Louise Lage, Lilly Laboratories, is chairman of a committee of the Special Libraries Association which has as one of its functions maintaining contact with our committee. Miss Lage attended the meeting of our committee in New York in September. I have reviewed these relationships with you in order that you may understand some of the channels of information which are open to us. During the past 2 years the members of your committee have made numerous visits to Chemical Abstracts, Biological Abstracts, the National Library of Medicine, the U.S. Patent Office, the Documentation Center at Western Reserve University, in Cleveland, Documentation, Inc., which handles the data of the CCNSC, Isaac Welt's Cardiovascular Literature Project, and many other groups involved with scientific literature important to us. We have discussed notations with both Bill Wiswesser and Malcolm Dyson. We have had experts on infor- mation theory and high speed computers come to discuss their specialties with our committee. We have attended scientific meetings including the annual meeting of the American Documentation Institute held in Berkeley, Calif., a few weeks ago. We have done all these things in order to educate ourselves on the nature of the literature problem. We would not be so inconsiderate as to try to enumerate the details we have absorbed. However, I would like to give you the highlights of our thinking and to pass our conclusions along to you. Our committee has faced up to the question, "What does the pharmaceutical industry need in the way of literature services that it does not already have?" Fred Wiselogle talked to you a good deal about this at White Sulphur Springs. I would like to say here only that we need 2 things very badly. First, we need an alerting service. Our laboratory people need to know scientific information related to their work as quickly after it is published as possible. We do not mean to turn our laboratory people into walking encyclopedias. Rather, we recognize that research people need to have certain new knowledge, to be stimu- lated to carry out experiments, based on the new information. Secondly, our laboratory people need to have indexes, or punched cards, or magnetic tapes, in order that they may quickly learn whether a specific bit of information which they need exists in the literature or whether it does not. If there is a lag of 3 or 4 years in indexes to the scientific literature, our laboratory people accept this fact and do not complain excessively about it; however, we know, and you know, that their research efficiency is greatly impaired. There have been 2 recent developments which emphasize the importance which the pharmaceutical industry places on these needs. First, an article appeared in Experimentia, reporting that Hoffmann-LaRoche and Sandoz are cooperating in a plan called "Codeless Scanning" of the literature. John Aeschlimann in- 48 DRUG LITERATURE formed us that Ciba is also cooperating in this plan. Second, 2 large American pharmaceutical companies have considered it necessary to cooperate witn o European pharmaceutical companies in preparing abstracts and punched card indexes to the current scientific literature. Your committee has not nad an opportunity to properly consider these developments. However, it is at once apparent that this kind of solution to the literature problem is an extremely expensive one. We estimate that it would require the full time of 5 to 1(J technical people, plus an elaborate IBM installation from each participating company. Furthermore, if the pharmaceutical industry goes ahead with a large operation in this area, it will duplicate, or even forestall, services which are being developed and which should be developed by our scientific societies, governmental agencies, and enterprising entrepreneurs. Your committee has discussed separately, with C.A., B.A., Index Medicus, and other services, our needs and the way their plans for the future might help us. Dr. Adkinson made the excellent suggestion that we go one step further. He has offered to call a meeting of representatives of all the important information services, and to invite your committee to discuss the needs of the pharmaceutical industry with them, in the hope that a discussion of the problem might be fruitful. We have, of course, agreed to go along with this plan, and we have promised to provide Dr. Adkinson with a proposed agenda for such a meeting. Now I would like to change the subject, and talk with you about some develop- ments during the past year or so, which represent progress in the direction in which we would like to move. I would like to discuss, first, a publication, Index Chemicus, produced by Eugene Garfield, in Philadelphia, on the recommendation of your Literature Committee. The purpose of this publication is to report the structural formulas and provide indexes to compounds within 30 days of their publication. If you look at I.C., you will see that an organic chemist interested in chlorothiazide or meprobamate or chloramphenicol can rapidly skim the pages, judging at a glance whether the compounds reported are related to his field of interest. Furthermore, the molecular formula index is the kind of index he is trained to use. One organic chemist told a member of our committee that if he had to make a choice between sacrificing either Index Chemicus or .attending a national ACS meeting, he would choose in favor of abandoning the meeting and retaining I.C. Most of you know that this publication has been well supported by the pharma- ceutical industry. The inclusion of 14 pharmaceutical companies among the charter members listed on the back cover attests to this support. I am sure you will be pleased to learn that Gene Garfield now fully expects that income from subscriptions to I.C. will equal expenses for the first year's operation. We believe that this is a remarkable achievement for an enterprising individual in this area and we think that Gene should be congratulated. However, we should caution that the future of I.C. is dependent on your continued support. The publication has not received expected support from the chemical industry. Therefore, Gene fears that if some of you, who placed large subscription orders the first year, in order to help put I.C. on its feet, now drastically reduce your order, he will run into trouble unless additional subscriptions are forthcoming from other sources. We would urge those of you who have not considered subscribing to I.C. to seriously consider how this service might be of benefit to you. Furthermore, I would call your attention to the sliding scale of prices, and the fact that you can have some of your copies mailed to university collaborators, or even to labora- tories overseas, and still take advantage of the quantity prices. As we leave I.C, I would like to contrast it with another service of Gene Garfield, entitled Current Contents. C.C. is now in its third year of publica- tion. It reproduces the tables of contents of 550 of the most important scien- tific periodicals. Although this publication gives no details other than the table of contents, it has the tremendous advantage of making this information avail- able at a very early date. Indeed, C.C. sometimes arrives several weeks ahead of the journals which it covers. Another publication, Chemical Papers which is produced by the Chemical Society of London, gives the titles of papers in the field of pure chemistry within 2 months after the appearance of the original publication. It has the advantage of grouping papers on similar compounds together, but its field of coverage is much smaller than that of C.C Another publication, which we most certainly should discuss' is Chemical Titles. This will be published by C.A., on a semimonthly basis, beginning January 1, 1961. Chemical Titles is prepared by a process written for the IBM-704 computer, and ancillary machines, by Mr. H. P. Luhn and his ool leagues at the IBM Corporation. The concept was described by Mr Luhn at the ACS meeting at Atlantic City a year ago. As Fred Wiselogle reported to DRUG LITERATURE 49 you last year, your committee was in contact with Mr. Luhn, and was actually considering approaching him with the idea of applying the concept to C.C. However, we were delighted to learn that C.A. intended to implement the con- cept in the publication Chemical Titles. The experimental product was prepared under the leadership of Dr. G. Malcolm Dyson, Director of Research for C.A. Chemical Titles will index every key word in the titles of articles appearing in some 550 journals. This index will lead a searcher to information he desires, provided the information is represented in the title. We believe C.T. will be of value to the pharmaceutical industry, especially as a reference tool. We believe there should be at least one copy of C.T. in each research library. Index Chemicus, Current Contents, and Chemical Titles are all "express services." That is to say, each of these should put information on our laboratory peoples' benches within a few weeks after the publication of the original article. I would like to leave these express services now and talk to you a few moments about improvements which are taking place in our older services. Colonel Frank Rogers, head of the National Library of Medicine, who talked with you at White Sulphur Springs last year, mentioned what was formerly Current List of Medical Literature, and which is now being produced under the title of Index Medicus. Beginning with 1960, the format was completely changed and the publication was produced entirely by machine methods. We are looking forward with con- siderable interest to the annual indexes, and fully expect that the new version will be much more useful to us than was the old Current List of Medical Literature. The number of abstracts appearing in Biological Abstracts has almost doubled within the last 3 years and we believe that the improved publication will be more useful than it was formerly. C.A. is going over to semiannual indexes beginning in 1961, and we understand that by 1962 they will be indexing currently, and that by 1963 they will have caught up their backlog. This is a much more favorable forecast than we made for C.A. a year ago. In addition, Dr. Dyson's research department at C.A. has projects now under way involving punched cards, computers, chemical notations, and biological codes. It is reasonable to hope that these activities should even- tually yield services of value to us. However, C.A. does not want to fix dead- lines, or even to say exactly what these services will be. In view of the many unfulfilled promises of literature people in the past, I can understand C.A.'s hesitancy. We do not believe we should count on them to give us much more help with our problems in the next year or so; and we should not expect them to solve all of our difficulties for us. But I do think we are going to get better services from C.A. in the years ahead. Most of you are aware of the work of the Research Department of the U.S. Patent Office in developing a punched card code for steroids, in preparing punched cards covering steroid patents, and in cooperating with PMA in prepar- ing punched card indexes to the steroid literature. The 3 years support by the R.&D. section of this steroid project will terminate at the end of the year. Bob Harte and Fred Wiselogle advise us that we may fully expect the coding of the steroid literature on punched cards to continue under Patent Office auspices after our support terminates. Dr. Julius Frome, of the Patent Office, invited our committee to re-ommend additional chemical fields for consideration by the Patent Office. We have recommended the field of pyrimidines, and we understand that they are beginning work in this area. We may expect the Patent Office slowly to extend their coverage to other chemical types, but it will be a long time before their punched cards will cover the whole chemical literature. Another question which we are following is the status of machines, particularly the high speed computer, with respect to solving some of our literature problems. We can assure you that computers now available will do jobs we need to have done However, the big computers—the machines which are really fastr—are fabulously expensive, and the programing of an information retrieval job can require a staggering amount of effort. We conclude that the people who are working with these machines are frequently more interested in experimenting with what the machines will do than in solving problems which are important. Perhaps this is quite proper at this stage in the development of these machines. We assure you that your committee is watching this area closely and, as there are developments, we shall try to keep you informed. Now in order to summarize the situation, let us ask ourselves again where we stand. The most significant observation we have made is that the litera- ure services are in a state of flux. They are gradually changing their pohcies, and we are able to notice a gradual improvement. In this situation, *e be- eve it important for us to keep our needs constantly before these people, to encourage them, and to offer help and support in areas where it is mutually -adv nr Mrrrr.lNr. 50 DRUG LITERATURE advantageous for us to do so. In addition to our talking with the abstracting services separatelv, Dr. Adkinson is arranging for us to meet with Chemical and Biological Abstracts, and Index Medicus together, to talk over our problems. There are areas, of course, where the needs of the pharmaceutical industry are sufficiently specialized that we must go it alone. Your committee will be in a better position to point out these areas as it becomes more apparent just how far organizations like C.A., B.A., and I.M. are able and willing to go. Lastly, we have reported some real progress to you. I.C. and C.C. are already realities, and C.T. becomes a reality on January 1. We again urge any of you who are not subscribing to these publications, to seriously consider doing so. APPENDIX A—ITEM 4 REPORT OF THE LITERATURE COMMITTEE Presented at the Research and Development Section Meeting, October 24, 1961 By Alexander M. Moore, Parke, Davis Research Laboratories The literature problem is summarized rather nicely by some statistics which Dr Alan Waterman, director of the National Science Foundation, presented last week. According to Dr. Waterman, the population is increasing at a rate which would double the number of people in the United States in 40 years; our productiv- ity is increasing at a rate which would double annual gross national product in 25 years; the number of students graduating each year with Ph.D. degrees is increasing at a rate which would double our annual output of scientists in 12 years; our research effort is increasing at a rate which would double our annual research expenditure in 7 years. Dale Baker, Director of Chemical Abstracts, has reported that the number of scientific articles abstracted by Chemical Ab- stracts each year is increasing at a rate which would double the annual volume in 8>Yz years. In 1960 Chemical Abstracts published 145,000 abstracts, or an average of 12,000 each month. Because of the increased number of scientific articles, the American Chemical Society will publish a completely new journal of medicinal chemistry next year, also a new journal of biochemistry, and a new journal of inorganic chemistry. What should we do to use this rapidly increasing volume of scientific literature more effectively? Last year at Sea Island, we discussed some of the "newer" services: Index Chemicus, Current Contents, Chemical Titles, Index Medicus and the steroid punched cards. The Literature Committee followed most of these from their inception, stimulated and encouraged some of them, and recommended that each pharmaceutical company not already subscribing try them out. Last year, we also reported 2 cooperative plans under which pharmaceutical companies had joined together to abstract the scientific literature and to index relevant parts of it on punched cards or computer. One of these plans was established by Hoffmann-La Roche and Sandoz. The other includes 5 companies in Europe and 1 (Smith Kline & French) in the United States. Another U.S. company (Abbott Laboratories) considered joining, but declined because the plan did not fully fit their needs. The Literature Committee considered the ad- vantages of such a cooperative plan and concluded that more could be gained by cooperating with the existing abstracting services, if the services would supply our needs. Dr. Burton Adkinson of the National Science Foundation offered to set up a meeting in Washington at which our committee might discuss the prob- lem with representatives of Chemical Abstracts, Biological Abstracts, and the National Library of Medicine. Those of you who attended our meeting at Sea Island last year will recall that we accepted this invitation. Subsequentlv Dr. Adkinson invited the chairman of the Literature Committee to present our literature needs in a talk before the International Federation of Documentation (FID) in London. Your committee met with the abstract services in Washington on September 22; the chairman talked before the FID in London on September 13. In both meetings we emphasized that the pharmaceutical industry needs both alerting services and information retrieval services. We pointed out that other parts of our scientific community have similar needs. For example the monies appropriated by Congress for research in areas related to the develop- ment of new drugs and pharmaceuticals is much larger than the total research expenditures of our whole industry, and this government-financed research must need information services like those needed by our industry. Although we talked about our needs at these meetings, we did not propose detailed mechanisms DRUG LITERATURE 51 for filling these needs since we believe that detailed plans should be worked out by experts. However, we did agree that we would arrange for discussions of details with any or all of the abstracting services, just as soon as they were ready to do so. The services listened attentively to our story, but were quick to point out that we are only one of their customers. They suggested that PMA employ a full-time expert to work with them on detail. In reply, we indicated that we would much prefer to have all proposals and questions channelled to the chairman • ;re t. Literature Committee who would refer them to the proper experts in the pharmaceutical industry. We agreed that we would keep in close contact with them and serve as a liaison between them and you. I would like to talk with you briefly about what each of the abstracting and indexing services is doing. The National Library of Medicine (NLM) is in the strongest position from a financial point of view. Most of you met the director, Dr. Frank B Rogers who attended our PMA session 2 years ago, and addressed us at that time We" have visited the National Library of Medicine several times, and have discussed our problems with Dr. Rogers and also with Scott Adams, his associate director Most of you are acquainted with NLM's Index Medicus, which covers the medical literature of greatest interest to us. At the invitation of Mr. Adams, our Litera- ture Committee asked some of the librarians of the pharmaceutical industry who are also members of the Special Libraries Association, to review the index headings of Index Medicus. Their findings, together with our own comments have been forwarded to the National Library of Medicine. One of the most promising developments is the MEDLARS project of the National Library of Medicine. The library has negotiated a 2}i year con- tract with the General Electric Corporation to apply modern information processing equipment to problems of the medical literature. MEDLARS' first goal is to increase the coverage of Index Medicus to 2,500 journals, to reduce the time lag, and to increase efficiency of operation. The second goal is to produce a service which would routinely provide perhaps 50 different "packages" of current science information, divided into specific scientific fields. We hope that one or more of these packages will be suitable for the pharmaceutical industry. The third goal is to provide an information retrieval service with a capacity of 100 searches per day, and storage of information for 5 years. We have agreed to visit the National Library of Medicine again in 2 or 3 months to discuss their progress and problems of mutual interest. Biological Abstracts is in the weakest financial position. Furthermore, Miles Conrad, the director, informed us that only 2 percent of his support comes from industry, and that he cannot justify gearing his operation to industry. Beginning October 15, each abstract will carry a permuted title index, and beginning in 1962 Biological Abstracts will publish a new journal entitled Biological Titles which will cover 500 to 600 journals. Biological Abstracts is also considering the possibility of packaged abstracts for specific fields, but it is difficult to see how they can do much for the pharmaceutical industry without extensive financial support. Chemical Abstracts is making steady progress. Dr. Hamlin and I visited with Dale Baker and Malcolm Dyson at Chemical Abstracts as recently as October 10. As you know, they are now issuing 6 months subject indexes, and expect the indexes to be completely "up-to-date" in 1962. Their research program, under the direction of Dr. Dyson, is supported by the National Science Foundation to the extent of $200,000 per year. They have applied to the Na- tional Institutes of Health for support of the developmental stages. Chemical Abstracts has not asked the pharmaceutical industry to support their research and development, but Dale Baker has properly pointed out that if we want special services, or want them to move faster than their funds allow, we will have to pay for it. Chemical Abstracts is planning an alerting service which is designated "Re- stricted Express List/Pharmaceutical Activities Section" (REL/PAS). This fist will give the chemical structures and biological activities of compounds appearing in the chemical literature. It will issue every 2 weeks, and the time lag should be no more than a few weeks after the appearance of the original article. REL/PAS is expected to be operational before the end of 1962. Dr. Dyson has agreed to supply us with an experimental copy as soon as one is available, and we shall pass this along promptly to your laboratories in order to learn your reaction. We have encouraged Chemical Abstracts strongly in this development, and we, therefore, urge you to let us know if you feel your companies would not support such a service. Chemical Abstracts is also planning a much more elaborate information retrieval service. They have ordered an IBM-1401 computer which is scheduled for deliv- 52 DRUG LITERATURE ery in March 1962. They plan to record structural formulae, biological activities and physical properties onto magnetic tape which can then be searched by com- puter. Their goal is a confidential answering service. If they are successiui, your chemist wiU be able to telephone Chemical Abstracts for searches by eitner chemical structure or biological activity. For example, he might ask tor an thiosemicarbazides active against tuberculosis in the mouse. 1 he work oi tne Documentation Ring indicates that a mechanical index is wanted by our industry. Sooner or later we are going to require it. Accordingly, we are encouraging Chemical Abstracts to move ahead slowly under Government support. It is very important for us to know if your companies will support such service, and how much vou think they would pav for it. We will not send out a questionnaire until we have more information, but we would greatly appreciate any advice you could give us. In addition to our work with the standard abstracting-indexmg services, your committee has also been in touch with other groups. We might highlight two. Gene Garfield has proposed that his organization, Institute for Science Informa- tion, will provide an alerting service covering biological activities reported m the scientific literature, if we wish him to do so. We believe we should hold off en- couraging Gene until we see what Chemical Abstracts can provide. Lynn Bart- lett's Information for Industry is working out with the pharmaceutical companies a plan for coding all United States and foreign patents on IBM punched cards. We expect Mr. Bartlett will contact you with regard to his plans in the near future. The Literature Committee has also been watching the application of computers to the literature problems of the pharmaceutical industry. A few companies are successfully using computers for information retrieval. Outstanding examples are W. H. Waldo at Monsanto Chemical Company, and Oliver H. Buchanan at Sterling Winthrop Research Institute. As you know, the National Science Foundation is supporting projects to translate Russian to English by computers. Dr. Alan Waterman recently reported that computer translation, plus editing by translators, can now be done for $21.57 per thousand words. This compares with a cost of $9.53 per thousand words for a conventional job by a capable trans- lator. In summary, we can say that computers are now available which will do jobs that we need to have done. However, the best machines are fantastically expensive, and the programming requires a stupendous amount of effort. Further- more, most of the people who are working with these machines appear more in- terested in experimenting in what the machine will do than in solving problems which are important. You may be interested to learn that President Kennedy has appointed a panel to reopen the question of a broad-scope national information center. We'predict that the recommendations of the panel will be against setting up such a national center at this time. Our scientific societies and Government agencies who are best able to cope with the information problems have had difficulties—even in their own areas of competency. It seems unlikely that combining all of these problems under one agency would help to solve them. Most of us agree that a large-scale information center is inevitable at some time in the future, but this appears a long time away. Sunday afternoon Ijnet'with the Steering Committeeftofreview the work of the Literature Committee. We discussed our meeting with the abstracting and in- dexing services, and it was agreed that we should cooperate with the existing serv- ices if they can supply our needs, rather than setting up an American counterpart of the Documentation Ring. It was further agreed that we should plan an open meeting of the Literature Committee at the American Chemical Society meeting in Washington, on Wednes- day evening, March 21, to discuss literature problems. DRUG LITERATURE 53 APPENDIX A-ITEM 5 REPORT OF THE LITERATURE COMMITTEE Presented before the PMA Research and Development Section November 2, 1962 By Eliot Steinberg, Warner-Lambert Research Institute I would like to depart from the usual opening approach to a report on the state of technical literature by not referring to the oft repeated statistics con- cerning the literature explosion." I am sure all of us have seen these statistics again and again. It is as serious as the population explosion, but not nearly as much fun. My own personal feelings, which are not necessarily that of the committee, are probably summed up by what Robert Graves, distinguished poet and man of letters, had to say about the situation—"to recover our sanity, we should abolish all paper and forbid anyone to have writing materials except poets. I could at this point sit down and let it go at that. However, I do feel a brief progress report is in order. Perforce, it will be brief because yours truly assumed chairmanship of this committee on June 5 of this year. Dr. Alexander Moore left the chair in such fine shape that I haven't had enough time to foul it up. The members of the committee are: Dr. C. W. Scull, SKF Dr. K. E. Hamlin, Abbott Dr. C. J. Cavallito, Irwin, Neisler Dr. Alexander Moore, Parke, Davis Now, on to progress. First of all, Dr. Moore in his report to this group last year in Colorado Springs told you that we were planning an informal meeting with information scientists of member companies to be held in Washington, D.C., at the spring American Chemical Society meeting. The main purpose of this open forum with the experts was to allay the fears of our librarians and technical information people that this PMA Literature Com- mittee was making decisions and recommendations to our research directors and companies in areas of their expertise, and that we were operating behind a curtain of secrecy. Another purpose was for this committee to get the experts' opinions on our approach or interpretation to what was happening in the literature field which affects our industry. Alex Moore ran a very fine meeting and I believe we accomplished our purpose. Approximately 45 people attended. Indeed, we thought the meeting went so well that we should have another one at a forth- coming ACS meeting. An interesting development is the step being taken by Chemical Abstracts Service in respect to one of our basic literature needs—that is, correlation of the literature in regard to chemical structure and biological activity. At the last national ACS meeting in Atlantic City, Dr. Dyson, research director of Chemical Abstracts, distributed sample copies of and delivered a paper on a new journal entitled Chemical-Biological Activities. This journal, which some of you may have seen, is a computer-produced digest. They plan to publish this every 2 weeks. It will identify compounds in terms of their formula, generic name or authors' name of the compound, a Chemical Abstract registry number, and Dyson cypher. The biology (if it is available from the primary publication) will cover comparative activity, type of drug, organ concerned, identity of animal, mode of administration, LD50, and several other parameters. Your committee feci that there is a need in this area, and as a matter of fact, we have urged Chemical Abstracts to do this for about 2 years. We would like to defer formulating an opinion in regard to the value of this sample copy, par- ticularly because one of the unknowns is the cost. Tentatively, some of us feel that although the publication may be good for retrospective searching, the bench scientist will find it difficult to read or scan. We are planning to poll, by letters, opinions from the technical information departments of our companies concerning this service. If it seems in order, a distillation of these opinions will be given to Chemical Abstracts in order to have the service come closer to our needs. A type of alerting service that will be readable and useful to all of us is exempli- fied by the drug information exchange project which is now a cooperative explora- tory project being carried out by 6 pharmaceutical companies. Essentially, this is an alerting service based on citing on a 3 by 5 file card the first reference to pharmacologic action of a chemical compound. Pharmaceutical information personnel are very interested in this type of service. It is their favorite means of manual filing and an excellent tool for them in answering the quick questions. 54 DRUG LITERATURE The laboratory scientists also like a card format—it is easy to scan, an<^,.1. 1S amenable to special files kept on the researcher's desk. A commercial editor, Paul de Haen, has made a proposal to our companies to assume production and editorship of this service. An annual subscription would cost $700 for one set, and approximately $20 per set for additional copies. It is planned to include therapeutic classification, manufacturer, structure, molecular formula, generic name, manufacturer's code number, trademark, name of animal species used, and literature reference. Although Mr. de Haen has asked the committee for endorsement of his proposal, we felt that rather than rush into such an endorsement, it would be wiser to wait and see whether other commercial editors come up with a better proposal. We will encourage other competitors and obviously we can have no opinions until more information is available. The next item of interest concerns Index Chemicus, a publication now going into its third year of operation and recognized by the committee as filling a big gap in the chemical literature. From the limited checking which we have done, this opinion is borne out generally by ''organikers'' in our industry. This journal indexed 100,000 compounds this past year (equal to Chemical Abstracts). It provides structural diagrams and synthetic flow diagrams; it publishes 3,000 pages a year; it includes authors' summaries, and—it is prompt. It is a valuable service, and this committee can take some credit for it. As you know we urged it into being and indeed some 15 PMA member companies gave initial support of up to $2,000 each to get it off the ground. Well, Mr. Garfield, publisher of Index Chemicus, wrote to me 2 months ago outlining his sad financial plight. All the aforementioned quality and quantity doesn't come cheap, and he wanted the PMA somehow to underwrite a $60,000 deficit for 1962 (out of total expenses for the publication of $210,000). He proposed that PMA purchase 100 bound sets for distribution to medical and pharmacy schools. This was duly discussed by the committee and rejected. We informed Mr. Garfield that although we are vociferous supporters of Index Chemicus, we could not recommend to the Research and Development Section of the PMA that we support his deficit. He must get his support through normal channels, namely subscriptions. All we could do is urge this type of support from our companies even in the face of a sharp rise in the subscription rate for 1963 (from a 1962 base rate of $400 for the first copy to $700). This support we indeed urge for several important reasons—this journal is unique, important and useful to our chemists. Now a brief word about the Washington activities. Dr. Moore and I are representatives of the PMA on the Committee on Modern Methods for Handling Chemical Nomenclature. This committee is under the sponsorship of the Di- vision of Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council. Other associations represented on the committee are the American Chemical Society and the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. This committee meets once or twice and has been in the "thick of the fray" concerning chemical notation and cyphering techniques. This is a complicated affair. Dr. Moore and I find that the activities of this committee are useful to us in keeping abreast of this important situation and also any other techniques being developed for handling the chemical literature. Some of you may recall an announcement made in the trade press and scientific journals back in July of this year concerning new activities of the National Institutes of Health to draw up a program for improving the dissemination of biomedical information. Dr. F. Ellis Kelsey was asked by the Surgeon General to draw up a program. At the instruction of the committee I spoke to Dr. Kelsey several weeks ago not for the purpose of volunteering our help, but to ask what has been accomplished to date. He has planned a 4-day seminar for the early part of November to explore the role of the Federal Government in health communications. The seminar will concern itself with appropriate activities of the Public Health Serv- ice in this area and to develop programs and specific steps within programs to improve health communications, on a scientist-to-scientist level. I am not sure what this latter phrase means, but it is an exact quotation from Dr. Kelsey This seminar will be made up of two-thirds university participants and one-third Government participants. He said he would be glad to discuss the results of this seminar later on this month. DRUG LITERATURE 55 APPENDIX A-ITEM 9* ESTABLISHMENT OF THE COMMISSION OF PHARMACEUTICAL ABSTRACTS Minutes of the Meeting of the Council of the International Pharmaceutical Federation, September 11, 1958 The President opened the meeting at 17.05 hours. He extended a cordial welcome to Mr. Paul Blanc, head of the Pharmaceutical Service of the World Health Organization, who was present at the meeting. The President called on the chairmen of the sections to report on the discussions that have taken place meanwhile. SCIENTIFIC SECTION Prof. Ruyssen made the following proposal in agreement with the Press and Documentation Section: I. The FIP will charge a committee with the preparation of positive and realistic proposals for discussion by the 1962 assembly, which will result in the compilation of a comprehensive and reliable documentation. II. Since this task will require solution of problems concerning the general organization and planning of libraries and financial matters in addition to the questions of a purely scientific and practical pharmaceutical nature, it is proposed that a committee be appointed, comprising the sections: 1. Scientific Section Prof. Steiger (Switzerland) 2. Press and Documentation Section and Hospital Dr. Francke (U.S.A.) Pharmacists Section 3. Industrial Pharmacists and Press and Documen- Mr. Charial (France) tation Section 4. Additional members representing: (a) industrial documentation Miss Sewell (U.S.A.) (b) the commercial documentation of the Mr. Regnotto wholesale trade in specialities (Switzerland) (c) organization and finance Mr. Virogniaux (Switzerland) III. This committee should be given the competence and the necessary credits for carrying out its assignment in the shortest possible time. It is proposed that it meet once a year, e.g. concurrently with the FIP Assembly. The President recommended adoption of the proposal. Mr. Winters (Netherlands) and Mr. Heseltine (Britain) raised objections. In their view the compilation of a limited documentation involved great expense, and they felt that no decision could be made until the financial consequences were known. Prof. Ruyssen pointed out that for the present no money was needed, since the committee would only consider what documentation activities FIP might possibly start. The question of the costs would not arise until a concrete plan had been drawn up. Prof. Ruyssen's proposal was approved on the condition that this entailed no obligation for the FIP to make any expenditure. Mr. Don Francke would act as chairman of the new committee, and Prof. Steiger as its secretary. ******* •Journal Mondial de Pharmacie 1959: 153-154, April-June. 97-201—6J 56 DRUG LITERATURE APPENDIX A-ITEM 10* REPORT OF THE COMMISSION ON PHARMACEUTICAL ABSTRACTS. MINUTES OF THE MEETING OF THE COUNCIL OF THE INTER- NATIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL FEDERATION, SEPTEMBER 13, 1961 ******* COMMISSION OF PHARMACEUTICAL ABSTRACTS Mr. Fitch told the council that the report was only available in English. The commission consisted of representatives from 7 different countries. Five meetings had been held of which the latest took place in Pisa. The commission had proposed: 1. To publish a pharmaceutical abstracts journal; 2. The journal would appear every fortnight and would treat subjects like: drug formulation, development, stability, sterilisation, pharmaceutical legislation, education and economics; 3. The costs entailed would amount to about $30,000 a year. Nine national organisations had been asked whether they were interested to cooperate. From only 2 countries a reply was received. Thereupon it was de- cided in Pisa that there was too little interest and that the project had better be given up. The council agreed to this suggestion but stressed that the work should—on Umited lines—be taken over by the future editor of the Journal Mondial de Pharmacie. The President warmly thanked Dr. Don E. Francke and Mr. W. K. Fitch for all the work they had done as president and secretary of this commission. ******* •Journal Mondial de Pharmacie, 1961: 234-235, September-December. APPENDIX B* SELECTED LIST OF MONOGRAPHS IN PHARMACY The following list consists of a partial introduction, table of contents, and 3 completed sections of a bibliography of pharmacy books and reference works. It is to be published in the American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. The list has been collected from recommendations of approximately 600 individuals in 43 colleges of pharmacy and edited bv Martha Zachert, former head, Depart- ment of Scientific Literature, Mercer University, Southern College of Pharmacy, and C. Larry Thomasson, head, Pharmacy Department of the same institution. It is valuable as a classified list of the monographs of current importance in several of the basic fields of pharmacy. PARTIAL INTRODUCTION TO BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BOOKS AND REFERENCE WORKS RELATING TO THE PROFESSIONAL COURSES IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL CURRICULUM Edited by Martha Jane K Zachert and C. Larry Thomasson This is a selected bibliography of professional books and reference works for pharmacy college libraries prepared and presented under the auspices of the Joint Committee on Pharmacy College Libraries. The materials included were selected by faculty members of member colleges of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy in response to a questionnaire in the fall of 1961. Respon- dents were referred to the 1955 bibliography "Books, Reference Works and Periodical Literature Recommended for College of Pharmacy Libraries" and asked to name material of value in the teaching of their own subject areas in these 3 categories: (1) that which had been omitted from the 1955 list, but which should be included; (2) that which has been published since the 1955 list; and (8) that which was included in the 1955 list, but which has outlived its usefulness and should be deleted. Respondents were told that they did not have to identify superseded editions as part of the last category, as the editors accepted responsibility for bringing edition information up-to-date. Replies were received from 43 colleges of pharmacy (54 percent of the total membership of the AACP) representing contributions from approximately 600 individuals. The editors prepared a card file of the entries in the 1955 list, then interpolated into it the suggestions received on the questionnaires. All sugges- tions falling within the scope of the bibliography are included (with the exception of a scant half-dozen bibliographic puzzles which all our searching has failed to identify!). Though items were included on the basis of a single suggestion, deletions were not made on the same basis. Where the same deletion was suggested by a number of respondents, it was made. Where a deletion was suggested by only one, or a very few, respondents, the material was inspected by the editors and individual judgments were made by them. Both these policies stem from the assumption that the same course is taught in a variety of ways in the several colleges; and that, although any book of value to one faculty member has the potential to stimulate another, it does not follow that a book which has outlived its usefulness for one teacher has automatically outlived its usefulness for all teachers. Following this compilation of suggestions for the bibliography, the editors checked all titles for latest editions, compiled the bibliographic citations, and arranged the bibliography. Works published since the faculty suggestions were submitted have been assessed. (No works published since December 31, 1962, are included.) Whenever possible, the books themselves have been examined; •Permission to reprint this copyright material has been kindly granted by the American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 57 58 DRUG LITERATURE and, with and without the books in hand, reviews have been consulted. The most obviously valuable books have been included; those which must stand the test oi actual use await a later bibliographv. It is hoped that this total method, tnougft cumbersome, will call to the attention of all faculty members a wide variety ot works from which they may choose for their personal teaching. Obviously, tnere is no implication that all books included are recommended for every college ot pharmacy library. Neither should the bibliography be used to evaluate any particular library. The editors have not hesitated to call on associates in the colleges of pharmacy for assistance in many ways, notably in the evaluation of suggested materials/and the arrangement of the bibliography. < > In general, the bibliography follows the scope of its predecessors, while bringing them up-to-date and enlarging the number of entries. It includes the basic professional teaching areas of colleges of pharmacy: pharmacy, pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacognosy, pharmacology, pharmacy administration, ana history and ethics of pharmacy. It omits introductory and general material in the biological sciences, chemistry, and medicine. The bibliography emphasizes in-print materials in the English language, though both foreign language and out-of-print materials of major value are again included. The plan of arranging materials by subject area, used in earlier bibliographies, is followed in this one. There are, however, several changes in scope and format from the earlier bibliographies which mark this one. Journals have been omitted because of the pending publication of a world list of pharmacy periodicals under the sponsorship of the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. The scope has been enlarged to include materials useful in introducing students, both undergraduate and beginning graduate, to research methodology. This section is added because the amount of this kind of material suggested by faculty members shows they feel the need for inclusion of it. The fact that general materials of this nature were sug- gested in almost all of the specific subject areas indicates that an introduction to research can bo, and is being taught in a variety of courses. Since the material is general in nature, and is being taught in different classroom settings, it does not properly belong in any specific subject area. Hence a separate section has been added. In this bibliography no attempt has been made to categorize materials into undergraduate and graduate classifications, former bibliography commit- tees and our own judgment concurring in the futility of this exercise. The biggest problem in editing this bibliography has been in deciding the limits of its scope. The suggestions from faculty members clearly showed that they are using, and finding valuable, a great deal of ancillary material. This is precisely the kind of material that the editors wanted the bibliography to locate; even so, it is necessary to set some limits. The policy which evolved is as follows: 1. Each subject area is defined according to the definition of that area estab- lished by Blauch and Webster in The Pharmaceutical Curriculum. To remind users of these definitions, they are included in the introduction to each section of the bibliography. 2. Reference books and textbooks for the basic sciences prerequisite to the professional curriculum are excluded. For example, Gray's Anatomy is a refer- ence book which could easily be needed during the study of pharmacology. However, it is primarily for reference during the course in anatomy, which is a prerequisite course for pharmacology. Since there are bibliographic tools avail- able for identifying reference and textbooks for the basic sciences, it was decided to omit these categories here and emphasize works designed for use with the professional courses. Some variation in this policy has been necessitated by the variation in publishing for the several professional areas. These variations are pointed out in the introductions to the sections. 3. Reference books and textbooks which emphasize application of the basic prerequisite sciences to pharmacy and medicine are included. For example Best and Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice is a standard text for a prerequisite course and could be excluded under the above policy. However it emphasizes the application of physiological knowledge to medicine in such a way that it is valuable in the study of pharmacology, a professional course. Therefore, it is included, as are similar works in all areas. 4. Popularizations of both basic sciences and professional subjects are excluded Granted they are often useful with the serious student; nevertheless identification of such material was not the purpose of this bibliography In summary, the policy for the scope of this bibliography has been one of including all material attested by faculty members to be valuable in the teaching of their professional courses, but excluding those works, however useful which are not designed primanly to contribute to these professional courses ' If we have erred (and we are human!) we hope it is in the direction of inclusion rather DRUG LITERATURE 59 than exclusion. The value of the bibliography, we feel, comes from the wide range of materials suggested by faculty members and from the wisdom of our consultants in helping evaluate these suggestions. Perhaps the greatest difference between this bibliography and the previous ones is in the format. In an effort to transmit more information about the materials than merely their authors, titles, and imprints, several changes have been made. The first is an amplification of the former subject classification. The titles submitted in each major category were studied and grouped, with the help of our consultants, to show relationships of the materials to each other, relationships to the pharmaceutical curriculum, subdivisions of subjects and specific subject approaches. There is no implication that this is a suitable classification of knowledge, or that it would be a suitable classification of these materials in a library. Where desirable, annotations have been added to show individual specialties or to indicate how a particular book differs significantly from others in its group. We have tried to use a combination of classification and annotation to give greater meaning and usefulness to the bibliography without allowing it to grow to unmanageable lengths. Annotations quoted from title pages, publishers' blurbs, Book Review Digest, and Technical Book Review Index are identified by appropriate abbreviations. The subject classification has the disadvantage that many books are valuable in more than one area of the curriculum, and it is space-consuming to make many duplicate entries. We have attempted to alleviate the disadvantage in these ways. (1) Some books simply have to be duplicated. In these cases we have placed the main entry in the most obvious section, and used brief cross references from other sections. (2) Two subdivisions (physical chemistry-pharmacy and methods of assay) in 3 areas (pharmacy, pharmaceutical chemistry, and pharma- cognosy) were so heavily duplicated in the suggestions from faculty members that some method other than cross references had to be devised to avoid dupli- cating entries. The suggestions for physical chemistry-pharmacy were dupli- cated by professors of pharmacy and by professors of pharmaceutical chemistry; those for methods of analysis were duplicated by professors of pharmaceutical chemistry and professors of pharmacognosy. In both these instances the books belong as properly to one major area as to the other, and any arbitrary decision about the placement of a main entry in one area would be as unsatisfactory to professors in the other area as to the editors. To solve this dilemma, the editors decided to place the section on physical chemistry-pharmacy between the section on pharmacy and the section on pharmaceutical chemistry, and the section on methods of analysis between the section on pharmaceutical chemistry and the section on pharmacognosy. Therefore the user of the bibliography must remem- ber that material on pharmacy begins at the beginning of the section of that name and continues through the section called "Physical Chemistry" (items 1-190). Similarly, the material on pharmaceutical chemistry begins with the section called "Physical Chemistry," and continues through the section called "Methods of Analysis" (items 116-434); pharmacognosy begins with the section called "Methods of Analysis" and continues through that called "Pharmacognosy" (items 324-584). In other words, overlapping is substituted for duplication. TABLE OF CONTENTS AND NUMBER OF ITEMS PER SECTION Items I. Pharmacy, 115 (completed)-------------------------------- 1- 190 ♦II. Physical Chemistry, 75 (estimated)________________________ 116- 190 *III. Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 134 (estimated)---------------- 116- 434 *IV. Methods of Analysis, 110 (estimated)_____________________ 324- 434 V. Pharmacognosy, 150 (completed)___________________________ 324- 584 VI. Pharmacology, 215 (completed)___________________________ 585- 799 *VTI. Pharmacy Administration, 150 (completed)---------------- 800- 949 *VIII. History and Ethics of Pharmacy, 56 (estimated)----------- 950-1005 ♦IX. Introduction to Research, 20 (estimated)------------------ 1006-1025 •These sections are, for reasons ol brevity, not reprinted within this publication. 60 DRUG LITERATURE PHARMACY "Pharmacy, as a division of the pharmaceutical curriculum, deals with the princi- ples, processes, and techniques which are ultimately involved in the fabrication of drugs and drug preparations and with the application of that knowledge and those techniques to the compounding and dispensing of prescriptions." l Directories Drug Compendia Official Nonofficial Introduction to Pharmacy Professional Orientation Terminology Pharmacy Arithmetic Pharmacy Principles and Techniques General Principles and Techniques Dispensing Texts Emulsion Technology Laboratory Manuals Handbooks Hospital Pharmacy Manufacturing Pharmacy General Perfumery and Flavors Tablet Manufacture Packaging Sterilization Cosmetics and Dermatologic Pharmacy General Works in Cosmetics Aids to Dermatologic Pharmacy Veterinary Pharmacy General Veterinary Anatomy Veterinary Pathology Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics Directories American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, Roster of Teaching Personnel in Member Colleges, The Association. Irregular (.sometimes annual), free to members, American Foundation for Pharmaceutical Education, Roster, The Foundation. Annual. Includes officers, members, committees plus recipients of fellowships, scholar- ships, and awards. American Pharmaceutical Association, Journal, Directory Issue, The Association. Annual (currently January), single copies $1.00. Formerly issued irregularly as special supplement to Scientific Edition of the Journal. Hayes Druggists' Directory and Commercial Reference Book, Haves 1951- Annual, $20.00. ' Drug Compendia Official. Nonofficial. Official Only English language compendia are listed here. For official compendia in other languages, see: Irene M. Streiby, and Marjorie C. Spencer, National and International Pharmacopoeias: a Checklist, Bulletin of the Medical Library Association 40:153-161 (1952), and supplement, Bulletin of the Medienl T.ihmrv Association 45:410-420 (1957). ai LdDTaiy Official: Canada Canadian Formulary, 1949 ed., Canadian Pharmaceutical Associating iqaq $3.00; $4.00 with French addendum. wuwauon, iy4y. Revision in preparation 1962. i Blauch, Lloyd E. and Webster, George L„ The Pharmaceutical Curriculum, American Count-n ™ ™ , cation, 1952, p. 135. uon iLaa' DRUG LITERATURE 61 Official: Great Britain British Pharmacopoeia 1958. Published for the General Medical Council by the Pharmaceutical Press, 1958. 63s. Official: United States National Formulary, American Pharmaceutical Association, 1888-lst- 11th, 1960, $9.00. Interim Revision Announcements issued irregularly as separates and as releases to the pharmaceutical press, including the periodicals of the American Pharma- ceutical Association. Pharmacopeia of the United States of America, United States Pharmacopeial Convention, 1820-19- . 1st- . 16th, Mack, 1960, $10.00. "For changes of relatively limited application and interest, Interim Revision Announcements in the form of releases to the pharmaceutical press are chosen, especially if prompt effectiveness is a consideration. For more extensive changes and the publication of new monographs, supplements are used; and each supple- ment includes also the entire content of all Interim Revision Announcements released since publication of the previous supplement. These are distributed without additional charge to all who return the 'official order form' for supple- ments." Preface. Nonofficial Because of the availability of a bibliography including nonofficial compendia in languages other than English these are omitted from this list (except for a few major ones published since the original bibliography was compiled). See: Drug Information Sources, compiled by the Pharmaceutical Section, Science- Technology Division, Special Libraries Association, American Journal of Phar- macy 129:4-10, 59-64, 95-101, 128-134, 172-176, 211-216, 257-261, 303-306, 372-377 (1957); 130:102-104, 345-351 (1958). Also available in reprint form. Revision of this bibliography is in progress. Accepted Dental Remedies, American Dental Association, 1936- . Annual. $3.00. Contains (1) drugs of recognized value in dentistry, (2) drugs of uncertain status more recently proposed for use by the dentist, and (3) some drugs once employed extensively but now generally regarded as obsolete. Also contains listing of accepted dosage forms. American Druggist Blue Book, American Druggist, 19 - . Annual. Product information for pharmaceuticals, biologicals, botanicals, proprietaries, cosmetics. Listed by trade and manufacturers' names. Includes form, size, price, sometimes composition and use. Symbols indicate various classes of pre- scription and narcotic drugs. American Hospital Formulary Service, American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, 1959- . Initially $15.00 including binder and supplementary service for one year; annual supplements $5.00. Loose-leaf; continuous revision. British National Formulary, Standard Ed., Pharmaceutical, 1960. 7s 6d. Arranged by pharmaceutical forms. Also available is Alternative Edition arranged on a pharmacological basis (8s). Either edition available interleaved at slightly higher price. Compendium of Pharmaceutical Specialties, Canada, 1960, ed. by F. N. Hughes, Canadian Pharmaceutical Association, 1961- . $9.00, including semiannual supplements. Basic volume scheduled for revision 1963. Dispensatory of the United States of America, 25th ed. by Arthur Osol, et al., Lippincott, 1955-1960. 2v. in 1. $30.00. . Arranged in 3 parts: (1) individual monographs of drugs recognized by the USP, BP, IP, and NF; (2) individual monographs on drugs not official in the preceding compendia; and (3) a section on the use of drugs and biological products in veterinary practice. Drug Topics Red Book, Topics Publishing Co., 1897- . Annual. 1962, $9 00 Product information for all types of drug store merchandise—pharmaceuticals, biologicals, botanicals, proprietaries, cosmetics, toilet articles, sundries. Listed by trade, manufacturers, or generic name. Includes form, size, price, sometimes 62 DRUG LITERATURE composition and use. Symbols indicate various classes of prescription and narcotic drugs. Earlier titles: Druggists Circular Price Book; Drug Topics Price Books. Drugs in Current Use, ed. by Walter Modell, Springer, 1955- . v. 1- Annual, $2.25. Alphabetical listing of drugs currently in use in clinical medicine. Listed by trade and generic names. Provides concise statement of the action and use, physical properties, mode of administration, dose, and preparation. Facts and Comparisons, ed. by Erwin K. Kastrup, Kastrup, 1944- . Ini- tially $11.00 including binder and revision service for one year; revision service annually thereafter $5.00. Loose-leaf; continuous revisions issued monthly. Products listed in thera- peutic groups for comparison. Indexed pharmacologically and by generic and trade names. Helwig, Burghard, Moderne Arzneimittel: Eine Spezialitatenkunde nach In- dikationsgebieten fur Arzte und Apotheker, 2d ed., Wissenschaftliche, 1961. DM 148. Index Nominum, Societe Suisse de Pharmacie, 1960. $7.50. Supplementum Primum, 1962, $3.75. Part of Subsidia Pharmaceutica. Truly international, very useful loose-leaf service. All trade names are gathered together under the generic names of given products. Chemical names also listed. Marler, E. E. J., Pharmacological and Chemical Synonyms: A Collection of More Than 13,000 Names of Drugs and Other Compounds Drawn from the Medical Literature of the World, 3d ed., Excerpta Medica, 1961. $5.00. Martindale, William, Extra Pharmacopoeia, Pharmaceutical, v. 1, 24th ed., 1958, 65s; v. 2, 23d ed., 1955, 57s. 6d.; supplement 1961, 32s. 6d. Uniquely useful for several reasons: literature citations, discussion of toxicity and certain other material, groupings of drugs with all known generic and trade names (often including American and Continental names). Merck Index of Chemicals and Drugs, 7th ed., Merck, 1960. $12.00. Approximately 10,000 descriptions of chemicals and drugs, with uses and dos- ages. Appendix includes tables of radioactive isotopes, calories in foods, boiling temperatures, isotonic solutions, saturated solutions, and indicators. Sections on organic name reactions, ion exchange materials, and chromatographic absorbents. Modern Drug Encyclopedia and Therapeutic Index, 8th ed., Donnelley, 1961. Monthly supplement, Modern Drugs. $17.50, including supplements. Descriptions of established preparations listed by trade names. Three indexes: (1) therapeutic, including generic and chemical names; (2) manufacturers and distributors; (3) general. New preparations covered in supplementary service with cumulative index. New and Nonofficial Drugs, Lippincott, 1958- . Annual. $4 00 Formerly New and Nonofficial .Remedies, 1909-1957. "An annual compilation of available information on drugs, including their therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic status, as evaluated by the Council on Drugs of the American Medical Association." t.p. Pharmaceutical Recipe Book, 3d ed., American Pharmaceutical Association 1943 o.p. ' Formulary of nonofficial therapeutic, toilet and miscellaneous preparations. Pharmacopoeia Internationalis, International Pharmacopoeia, World Health Organization, 1951-1959, 2 v. plus supplement. From Columbia University Press, International Documents Service, v. 1, $5.00; v. 2, $6.75; suppl., $5.00- pharmlndex, Skyline, 1959- . Initially $20.00 including binder and supple mentary service for one year; supplementary service annually thereafter $20 00 Loose-leaf; supplements issued twice monthly. A product information wstPm unique in that material ,is filed by date. Products located by a series of irT dexes: trade name, manufacturer, generic, therapeutic, and products pendine" Based on a cycle of 24 months of cumulative issues. peuumg. DRUG LITERATURE 63 Physician's Desk Reference to Pharmaceutical Specialties and Biologicals, Medical Economics, 1947- . Annual, quarterly supplements. $6.00. Contains 6 sections: (1) trade name index; (2) drug, chemical, and pharma- cologic index; (3) therapeutic index; (4) product identification of capsules and tablets; (5) main listing of pharmaceutical specialties, biologicals, and antibiotics with complete information by manufacturer; (6) manufacturers' services for the physician. Limited by the fact that drugs are selected for inclusion by their manufacturers. It is not an all-inclusive list, and should not be regarded as an authority on the availability of specific drugs. Remington's Practice of Pharmacy. (See Pharmacy Principles and Techniques— General Principles and Techniques) Many drug specialties and names of compounding, antiseptic, and other agents used in drug formulas are included here that are difficult to find in other places. Unlisted Drugs, v. 1- , Special Libraries Association, Pharmaceutical Section, Science-Technology Division, 1949- . $10.00 annually. Monthly list of new drugs which have not yet appeared in standard compendia. Entered by number and/or name of drug. Gives composition, action, equivalent, dosage, manufacturer, and literature reference. Indexed semiannually. Wilson, Charles O., and Tony E. Jones, American Drug Index, Lippincott, 1956- . Annual. $6.75. Dictionary of pharmaceuticals by generic name, brand name, chemical name, official name, and synonyms. Data given under brand name with cross references from others. Gives pharmaceutical form, size, dosage, use, and manufacturer for each. A special cross-indexing feature permits the finding of drugs or combina- tions when only one major ingredient is known. Includes products no longer commercially available. Introduction to Bharmacy Professional Orientation Terminology Pharmacy Arithmetic Professional Orientation These books generally contain historical background, the structure of the pro- fession, the importance of pharmacy to the health field and its relationship to other specialties, pharmaceutical vocations, and pharmaceutical literature. Burlage, Henry M., C. O. Lee, and L. W. Rising, Orientation to Pharmacy, McGraw, 1959. $6.95. Clark, Ralph W., Orientation in Pharmacy: An Overview, 2d ed., Lea, 1961. $4.50. Deno, Richard A., T. D. Rowe, and D. C. Brodie, Profession of Pharmacy: An Introductory Textbook, Lippincott, 1959. $6.50. Doyle, Paul A., ed., Readings in Pharmacy, Interscience, 1962. $7.95. Terminology Gidley, William, and J. R. Moreno, Pharmaceutical and Medical Latin, Hemphill, 1959. $5.25. Pharmacy Arithmetic Bellafiore, Ignatius J., Pharmaceutical Arithmetic, 4th ed., Bellafiore, 1960. Paper, $4.25. Bradley, Willis T., et al., Pharmaceutical Calculations, 3d ed. Lea, 1957. $4.50. Green, Marvin H., International and Metric Units of Measurements, Chemical, 1961. $6.00. Huston, Mervyn J., Textbook of Pharmaceutical Arithmetic, Canadian Pharma- ceutical Association, 1959. $3.00. Rouse, Sue H., and George M. Webber, Calculations in Pharmacy, Lippincott, 1961. $5.00. Stevens' Arithmetic of Pharmacy, 8th ed., by Charles H. Stocking, and Elmon L. Cataline, Van Nostrand, 1952. $3.50. "4 DRUG LITERATURE Pharmacy Principles and Techniques General Principles and Techniques Dispensing Texts Emulsion Technology Laboratory Manuals Handbooks General Principles and Techniques Bentley's Textbook of Pharmaceutics, 7th ed. by Harold Davis, Williams and Wilkins, 1962. $10.50. Burlage, Henry M., ed., Introduction to Pharmacy, 3d ed., McGraw, 1954. $9.50. Formerly published as Fundamental Principles and Processes of Pharmacy, 2d ed., 1949. Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 2d ed., Springer, 1938. (Re- printed 1949), 2v. suppl. 1, 1944; suppl. 2 (in 2 parts), 1958. v.l, 2, suppl. 1, $18.75 each; suppl. 2 (both parts) $56.00. Lyman, Rufus A., and J. B. Sprowls, Jr., eds., American Pharmacy, Lippincott, 1947-1951. 2v. o.p. v. 1, Fundamental Principles and Practices, 3d ed., 1951; v.2, Advanced Phar- macy, 1947. For current edition, see Sprowls, J. B., American Pharmacy, (below). Remington's Practice of Pharmacy, 12th ed., edited by Eric W. Martin, et al.. Mack, 1960. $22.50. Sprowls, Joseph B., Jr., American Pharmacy: Textbook of Pharmaceutical Prin- ciples, Processes, and Preparations, 5th ed., Lippincott, 1960. $10.75. This is the fifth edition in the line of descent from Lyman and Sprowls Ameri- can Pharmacy (above). The fourth edition, also one volume, carried the title American Pharmacy: Textbook of Pharmaceutical Principles, Processes and Preparations (Lippincott, 1955). Dispensing Textbooks Cooper, John W., and F. J. Dyer, Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students. 9th ed. by John W. Cooper and Colin Dunn. Pitman, 1948. 16s. Husa, William J., Pharmaceutical Dispensing, 4th ed, Husa, 1951. o.p. For current edition, see Husa's Pharmaceutical Dispensing (below) Husa's Pharmaceutical Dispensing, 5th ed. edited by Eric W. Martin Mack 1959. $12.00. ' maui» Lyman, Rufus A., et al., Pharmaceutical Compounding and Dispensing Lionin- cott, 1949. o.p. 6' V1^ For current edition, see Lyman, R. A., Textbook of Pharmaceutical Compound- ing and Dispensing, (below) Lyman, Rufus A and J. B. Sprowls, Jr., Textbook of Pharmaceutical Compound- ing and Dispensing, 2d ed., Lippincott, 1955. $9.75. p First edition had title Pharmaceutical Compounding and Dispensing mSw8 ^^li&a0^0™^' 9th Gd' 6dited bY Glenn L' Jenkins> et a1' Emuhion Technology Becher, Paul, Emulsions: Theory and Practice, Reinhold, 1957. $12.50 Becher, Paul, Principles of Emulsion Technology, Reinhold, 1955. $4 50 Clayton, William, Theory of Emulsions and their Technical Treatment "w, ^ by C. G. Sumner, McGraw, 1954. $15.00. treatment, 5th ed. Spalton, Lawrence M., Pharmaceutical Emulsions and Emulsifying Ao-^+o oa ed. rev. by Robert F. White, Chemist and Druggist, 1959. 9S. g agents, 3d Laboratory Manuals Burlage, Henry M., et al., Laboratory Manual for Introduction to Ph«rmQ„„ oa ed., McGraw, 1956. $4.50. ^narmacy, 3d A revision of Laboratory Manual for Principles and Processes of Pharma Parrott, Eugene L., and Witold Saski, Experimental Pharmaceutical To»i^ f' Burgess, 1961. $5.75. technology, Plein, Elmer M., Fundamentals of Dispensing Pharmacy (A Laboratory Mo~ « 4th ed. University of Washington Press, 1955. o.p. moratory Manual), 5th edition in preparation summer 1962. Weise, Gail A., Pharmaceutical Laboratory Manual, Brown, 1958. $4.00 DRUG LITERATURE 65 Handbooks Mill, Ralph J., Pharmacy State Board Questions and Answers, Clark and Wilson, 1947- . Annual. $3.25. Pharmaceutical Pocket Book 1960, Pharmaceutical, 1960. $7.00. Pharmacy Examination Review Book, Medical Examination, 1960- . v. 1- . $6.00. Hospital Pharmacy American Hospital Formulary Service (see Pharmacy—Drug Compendia—Non- official) . Berman, Alex, and J. J. Zugich, Pharmacy Service in Smaller Hospitals, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 1958. $3.00. Comprehensive Bibliography on Hospital Pharmacy, compiled by Gloria N. Franke, American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, 1951- . Published at irregular intervals in the Bulletin of the Society and the American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. Basic compilation, 1951; supplements 1953, 1955, 1957, 1961, 1962. Reprints available at $1.00. 1961 o.p. Hospital Literature Index, v. 1- , American Hospital Association, 1945- . $10.00 annually. v. 1, 1945-1949; v. 2, 1950-1954; v. 3, 1955-1959. v. 1, o.p.; v. 2 and v. 3, $22.50 set. "An author-subject index of literature about hospital administration, planning and financing, and administrative aspects of the medical, paramedical and pre- payment fields. References to articles written in English and appearing in more than 400 journals including those pertinent in peripheral and general interest periodicals * * * includes significant books. Published semiannually 1945-1961 and cumulated every 5 years. Beginning 1962 becomes quarterly with fourth issue an annual cumulation." [Publisher's statement] MacEachern, Malcolm T., Hospital Organization and Management, 3d ed., Physician's Record Co, 1957. $18.75. McGibony, John R, Principles of Hospital Administration, Putnam, 1952. $7.50. Recent Developments in the Sterilisation of Surgical Materials, Pharmaceutical, 1961. 30s. Report of a symposium organized by the Department of Pharmaceutical Sci- ences of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain and Smith and Nephew Re- search, Ltd, at the School of Pharmacy, University of London, April 11-13, 1961. Manufacturing Pharmacy General Perfumery and Flavors Tablet Manufacture Packaging Sterilization General The term "General" as used here does not mean that the books listed are all- inclusive in their treatment of manufacturing pharmacy, but, rather, that the content of the books is pertinent to manufacturing pharmacy in several ways. Belanger, Emil J, Modern Manufacturing Formulary, Chemical, 1957. $10.00. "Food products, flavoring extracts * * * cosmetic specialties and toilet prepa- rations, medicinal preparations, veterinary remedies * * * "—TBRI Marshall, W. R, Jr., Atomization of Spray Drying, American Institute of Chem- ical Engineers, 1954. Paper, $3.00 to AICE members; $15.00 to nonmembers. v. 50 of Chemical Engineering Progress Monograph Series. Schwarts, Anthony M, and James W. Perry, Surface Active Agents and Deter- gents, Interscience, 1949-1958. v. 1, 1949, $15.00; v. 2, 1958, $22.50. Perfumery and Flavors This section is limited to works which apply basic psychology and physiology to the manufacture of drug products, even though this excludes such outstanding works as Buddenbrock's The Senses. (Wolfgang von Buddenbrock, The Senses, University of Michigan Press, 1958.) Crocker, Ernest C, Flavor, McGraw, 1945. o.p. "A convenient reference source of information on any aspect of odor and taste. It contains a philosophy of flavor perception, the chemistry of flavoring agents and 66 DRUG LITERATURE condiments and methods of developing and retaining flavor in processed foods and other products as well as methods of detection, correction and prevention of undesirable or 'off' flavors in commercial products."—BRD Little, Arthur D, Flavor Research and Food Acceptance, Reinhold, 1958. $10.00. Tablet Manufacture Arends, Johannes, Die Tablettenfabrikation und ihre Maschinellen Hilfsmittel, 5th ed. Springer, 1950. o.p. Clarkson, Ronald, Tablet Coating, Drug and Cosmetic Industry, 1951. o.p. Little, Arthur D, and K. A. Mitchell, Tablet Making, Northern, 1949. o.p. New edition in preparation, to be published by Manesty Machines. Silver, J. A, and Ronald Clarkson, Manufacture of Compressed Tablets, Drug and Cosmetic Industry, 1944. o.p. Packaging Herzka, Alfred, and Jack Pickthall, Pressurized Packaging (Aerosols), 2d ed. Academic, 1961. $15.00. Shepherd, Herman R, ed. Aerosols: Science and Technology, Interscience, 1961. $22.50. Sterilization Perkins, John J, Principles and Methods of Sterilization, Thomas, 1956. $9.00. Reddish, George F, Antiseptics, Disinfectants, Fungicides, and Chemical and Physical Sterilization, 2d ed. Lea, 1957. $15.00. Sykes, George, Disinfection and Sterilization, Van Nostrand, 1958. $11.75. Cosmetics and Dermatologic Pharmacy General Works in Cosmetics Aids to Dermatologic Pharmacy General Works in Cosmetics DeNavarre, Maison G, Chemistry and Manufacture of Cosmetics, 2d ed. Van Nostrand, 1961- . v. 1- . (Projected in 4 vols.) v. 1, Basic Substances and Methods, 1961, $8.50; v. 2, Cosmetic Materials, 1962, $10.75; v. 3, Make-up, in preparation 1962; v. 4, Miscellaneous Cosmetics, in preparation 1962. De Navarre, Maison G, International Encyclopedia of Cosmetic Material Trade Names, Moore, 1957. $7.50. Divided into main section which lists materials by trade names, product classi- fication section, and directory of manufacturers. Harry, Ralph G, Principles and Practice of Modern Cosmetics, Leonard Hill, 1950-1955, 2 v. v. 1, Modern Cosmeticology, 4th ed, 1955, 65s; v. 2, Cosmetic Materials, 1950. o.p. Lockie, Laurence, Perfumes and Cosmetics, Lockie, 1959. From University of Buffalo Bookstore, $2.75. Poucher, William A, Perfumes, Cosmetics and Soaps, Van Nostrand, 1959-1960 3 v. v. 1, Dictionary of Raw Materials, 6th ed, 1959, $13.50; v. 2, Production^ Manufacture and Application of Perfumes of All Types, 7th ed 1959 $13 50' v. 3, Treatise on Cosmetics, 7th ed, 1960, $8.50. ' ' ' Sagarin, Edward, ed. Cosmetics: Science and Technology, Interscience 1957 $19.50. ' Aids to Dermatologic Pharmacy Hoffman, Isaac K, New Unguent Bases and Lotions, Chemical, 1957. $4.75. Lerner, Marguerite R, and A. B. Lerner, Dermatologic Medications 2H pH Year Book, 1960. $6.00. ' a ea- Pascher, Frances, ed, Dermatologic Formulary, 2d ed, Hoeber, 1957. $4 00 Polano, Machiel K, Skin Therapeutics: Prescription and Prenaratirm a™ Elsevier, 1952. $8.00. reparation, Am. DRUG LITERATURE 67 Veterinary Pharmacy General Veterinary Anatomy Veterinary Pathology Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics The fact that the course in veterinary pharmacy as given in pharmacy school?- gives a cross-section of information relating to veterinary medicine is reflected in the books in this section. Although not all are, strictly speaking, pharmacy, they are included here because of their importance to the course. A course outline and discussion by Dr. N. M. Ferguson (Animal Health Pharmacy, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 24:314-315, 1960) make this very clear. General Belanger, Emil J, Drug and Specialty Formulas: A Selected Collection of Tested, Modern and Practical Formulas for Medicinal, Household, Industrial, Commercial, Veterinary, Cosmetic, and Food Specialties. Chemical, 1941. o.p. Chemist's Veterinary Handbook: A Survey of Modern Methods in Veterinary Medicine, Including Diseases and Treatment, 11th ed, Morgan, 1955. Title and publisher vary in earlier editions. Merck Poultry Service Manual, Merck, 1958. o.p. Merck Veterinary Manual, 2d ed, Merck, 1961. $9.75. St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Allied Sciences, Abstracts of Lectures Com- prising the Second Graduate Course in Animal Health Pharmacy, The College, 1947. o.p. Seiden, Rudolph, and W. J. Gough, Livestock Health Encyclopedia, 2d ed. Springer, 1961. $9.50. Veterinary Anatomy Sisson, Septimus, Anatomy of Domestic Animals, 4th ed, revised by James D. Grossman, Saunders, 1953. $15.00. Veterinary Pathology Barger, Edgar H, et al. Diseases and Parasites of Poultry, 5th ed. Lea, 1958. $5.00. Brumley, Oscar V, Textbook of the Diseases of the Small Domestic Animals, 4th ed. Lea, 1943. $5.00. Smith, Hilton A, and Thomas C. Jones, Veterinary Pathology, 2d ed. Lea, 1961. $17.50. U S Department of Agriculture, Animal Diseases (Yearbook of Agriculture 1956), GPO, 1956. $2.00. Veterinary Medicine Blood, Douglas C, and J. A. Henderson, Veterinary Medicine, Williams and WilkiAs, 1960. $15.00. Kirk, Hamilton, Index of Treatment in Small Animal Practice, 4th ed, Williams and Wilkins, in preparation 1962. US Department of Agriculture, Keeping Livestock Healthy (Yearbook of Agriculture 1942), GPO, 1942. o.p. Whitlock, John F, Diagnosis of Veterinary Parasitisms, Lea, 1960. $10.00. Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics Daykin P. W, Veterinary Applied Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Williams and Wilkins, 1960. $11.00. Alexander Frank, Introduction to Veterinary Pharmacology, Williams and Wilkins, 1960. $4.75. . Seiden, Rudolph, Veterinary Drugs in Current Use, bpnnger, 1961. $2.50. Veterinary Drug Encyclopedia, 10th ed, edited by Hadley C. Stephenson, and S. G. Mittelstaedt, Drug Publications, 1962. $7.5U. 68 DRUG LITERATURE PHARMACOGNOSY "Pharmacognosy * * * deals with the production, processing, qualities, and general uses of products of biological origin having current medicinal and phar- maceutical importance. It is concerned with their biological history and activity, as well as with problems of collection, processing, and commerce. The subject also embraces the study of constituents, extraction, microscopy, identification, preservation, and protection of these products and their adaptation to pharma- ceutical, medicinal, and public health uses * * *. In a broad sense pharma- cognosy includes * * * products derivable from the lower forms of life, the microorganisms. Many other materials of plant and animal origin, not used for medicinal purposes ♦ * * have been regarded as within the field of phar- macognosy." 3 General Textbooks Production and Commerce Chemical Classes of Active Constituents 1. Carbohydrates 2. Glycosides 3. Tannins 4. Fats, Oils and Waxes 5. Essential Oils 6. Protein Substances 7. Alkaloids 8. Steroids 9. Antibiotics: Microbiology and Mycology Plant Chemistry Plant Biochemistry Plant Physiology Plant Taxonomy Anatomy, Histology and Morphology of Plants Pesticides, Herbicides, and Plant Diseases Miscellaneous General de Laszlo, Henry G., Library of Medicinal Plants, Heffer, 1958, from Lundberg. $2.00. Berger, Franz, Handbuch der Drogenkunde, Maudrich, 1949- . v. 1- (projected in 6 vols.) v. 1, Untersuchungsmethoden. Cortices Flores, 1949, DM 55.-; v. 2, Folia, 1950, DM 55.-; v. 3, Fructus-Ligna, 1952, DM 65.-; v. 4, Herbae, 1954, DM 55.-; v. 5, Radices, 1960, DM 85.-; v. 6, in preparation 1962. Fluckiger, Friedrich A, and Daniel Hansbury, Pharmacographia: A History of the Principal Drugs of Vegetable Origin, met with in Great Britain and British India, 2d ed, Macmillan, 1879. o.p. Heeger, Erich F, Handbuch des Arznei- und Gewurzpflanzenbaues, Drogenge- winnung, Deutscher Bauern, 1956. DM-Ost 45.-. Hocking, George M, A Dictionary of Terms in Pharmacognosy and Other Divi- sions of Economic Botany, Thomas, 1955. $9.75. Hoppe, Heinz A, Drogenkunde: Handbuch der Pflanzlichen und Tierisohen Rohstoffe, 7th ed. Cram, 1958. DM 78.-. In German, English, French, Portuguese and Spanish. Jackson, Benjamin D, Glossary of Botanic Terms, 4th ed, Hafner 1953. $4 50 Karrer, Walter, Konstitution und Vorkommen der Organischen Pflanzenstoffe (Exclusive Alkaloide), Birkhauser, 1958. DM 136.-. Lehrbucher und Monographien aus dem Gebiete der exakten Wissenschaften Chemische Reihe. Bd. $12. Kroeber, Ludwig, and Hans Seel, Rezeptbuch der Pflanzenheilkunde 1 i+h oH Hippokrates, 1959. DM 22.50. ' ilin ea"' Maisch, John M, A Manual of Organic Materia Medica, Lea, 1895. o.p EauSS; lSfi waT* WebSter' Ge°rge L" Tbe pharmaceu«cal Curriculum, American Council on DRUG LITERATURE 69 Meyer, Arth, Wissenschaftliche Drogenkunde, Gaertner, 1891. o.p. Steinmetz, Eugene F, Codex Vegetabilis ♦ * * Botanical Drugs and Spices, Trade-Dictionary in 5 Languages (Latin, Dutch, German, English and French) with the Botanical Origin and with the Families, 2d ed, Steinmetz, 1957. From Heinman, $18.50. Tschirch, Alexander, Handbuch der Pharmakognosie, 2d ed., Tauchnitz, 1930-1936? 3v.? Tschirch, Alexander, and Erich Stock, Die Harze: die Botanischen und Chemis- chen Grundlagen unserer Kenntnisse viber die Bildung, die Entwicklung und die Zusammensetzung der Pflanlichten Exkrete, Gebriider Borntraeger, 1933-1936, 2v. in 4, Photo-lithoprint reproduction from Edwards Brothers, 1943. o.p. Uphof, Johannes C. T, Dictionary of Economic Plants, Hafner, 1959. $10.00. Wehmer, Carl, Die Pflanzenstoffe, Botanisch-systematisch bearbeitet; bestand- teile und zusammensetzung der einzelnen pflanzen und deren produckte, Phano- gamen, 2d ed, Fischer, 1929-1935. Reprinted by Edwards, 1950, 2v. and suppl. o.p. Weiss, Rud. F, Lehrbuch der Phytotberapie, 2d ed, Hippokrates, 1960. DM 56.-. Originally published under title Pflanzenheilkunde in der arztlichen Praxis. Textbooks Denston, Tom C, Textbook of Pharmacognosy, 5th ed. Pitman, 1951. Re- printed with corrections, 1958. o.p. Ferguson, Noel M., A Textbook of Pharmacognosy, Macmillan, 1956. $7.50. Fischer, Robert, and Willibald Hauser, Praktikum der Pharmakognosie, 3d ed. Springer, 1952. o.p. Gathercoal, Edmund N, and E. H. Wirth, Pharmacognosy, 4th ed. by Edward P. Claus, Lea, 1961. $12.50. Hebert, Brian E, and K. W. Ellery, Textbook of Practical Pharmacognosy, Bailliere, 1948. o.p. Kraemer, Henry. Kraemer's Scientific and Applied Pharmacognosy. 3d ed. by Edwin L. Newcomb, et al, Wiley, 1928. o.p. Pratt, Robertson, and Heber W. Youngken, Jr., Pharmacognosy, 2d ed, Lippin- cott, 1956. o.p. Quimby, Maynard W, Pharmacognosy Laboratory Manual, Burgess, 1953. o.p. Ramstad, Egil, Modern Pharmacognosy, McGraw, 1959. $11.00. Trease, George E, Textbook of Pharmacognosy, 8th ed, Williams and Wilkins, 1961. $9.00. Tyler, Varro E, Jr., and Arthur E. Schwarting, Experimental Pharmacognosy, 3d ed. Burgess, 1962. Paper, $3.25. Wallis, Thomas E, Practical Pharmacognosy, 6th ed, Churchill, 1953. o.p. Wallis, Thomas E, Textbook of Pharmacognosy, 4th ed. Little, 1960. $10.00. Youngken, Heber W, Textbook of Pharmaceutical Botany, 7th ed, McGraw, 1951. $7.00. Youngken, Heber W, Textbook of Pharmacognosy, 6th ed, McGraw, 1948, o.p. Production and Commerce Steinmetz, Eugene F, Drug Guide for Importers, Exporters, Dealers, etc. of Botanical Drugs and Spices Throughout the World, Steinmetz, 1959. From Heinman, $6.00. U S Treasury Department, Narcotics Bureau, Regulation No. 5. Relating to Importation, Manufacture, Production, Compounding, Sale, Dealing in, Dis- pensing and Giving Away of Opium, Coca Leaves, Isonipicaine or Opiates or any Compound, Manufacture, Salt, Derivative, or Preparation Thereof under Act of December 17 1914, as amended by [various sections of certain acts]. Narcotic- Internal Revenue Regulations, GPO, reprinted with amendments, 1957. $.45. 70 DRUG LITERATURE Chemical Classes of Active Constituents Carbohydrates Glycosides Tannins Fats, Oils and Waxes Essential Oils Protein Substances Alkaloids Steroids Antibiotics: Microbiology and Mycology Carbohydrates Howes, Frank N, Vegetable Gums and Resins, Ronald, 1949. $6.00. Kertesz, Zoltan I, Pectic Substances, Interscience, 1951. $16.50. Mantell, Charles L, Water-soluble Gums, Reinhold, 1947. o.p. Pigman, Ward W, ed. The Carbohydrates: Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physiology, Academic, 1957. $20.00. S mith, Frederick, and Rex Montgomery, Chemistry of Plant Gums and Mucilages and Some Related Polysaccharides, Reinhold, 1959. $18.00. Whistler, Roy, and James BeMiller, eds. Industrial Gums: Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives, Academic, 1959. $25.00. Glycosides Griffith, John Q, Jr., et al. Rutin and Related Flavonoids: Chemistry, Pharma- cology and Chemical Applications, Mack, 1955. $7.50. Hoch, John H, A Survey of Cardiac Glycosides and Genins, University of South Carolina Press, 1961. Mcllroy, Robert J, Plant Glycosides, St. Martins, 1951. $4.50. Stoll, Arthur, Cardiac Glycosides, Pharmaceutical, 1937. o.p. Tannins Howes, Frank N, Vegetable Tanning Materials, Butterworth, 1953. $5.50. Fats, Oils and Waxes Bailey, Alton E, Industrial Oil and Fat Products (Fats and Oils), 2d ed, Inter- science, 1951. o.p. Deuel, Harry J, Jr., The Lipids: Their Chemistry and Biochemistry, Interscience 1951-55, 3v. v. 1, Chemistry, 1951, $25.00; v. 2, Biochemistry, 1955, $28 50: v. 3, Biochemistry, 1957, $28.50; set, $75.00. Eckey, Eddy W, and L. P. Miller, Vegetable Fats and Oils, Reinhold, 1954. $17.50. American Chemical Society Monograph Series, No. 123. Gunstone, Frank D, An Introduction to the Chemistry of Fats and Fattv Aoirlq Wiley, 1958. $6.00. y c as' Hanahan, Donald J, Lipide Chemistry, Wiley, 1960. $10.00. Hilditch, Thomas P, Chemical Constitution of Natural Fats, 3d ed, Wiley 1956. ipl / .OU. Hilditch, Thomas P, Industrial Chemistry of the Fats and Waxes, 3d ed BaiHi*™ 1950. 27s 6d. ' ' 1DdUliere> Jamieson, George S, Vegetable Fats and Oils: Their Chemistry, Production and Utilization for Edible, Medicinal and Technical Purposes, 2d ed, Reinhold 1943 o.p. ' ' Kirschenbauer, Hans G, Fats and Oils: An Outline of Their Chemist™ «r,^ Technology, 2d ed, Reinhold, 1960. o.p. ^nemistry and Lovern, John A, Chemistry of Lipids of Biochemical Significance 2r1 Pr? wn«„ 1959. $2.75. ' a" Wlley> Ralston, Anderson W, Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives, Wiley 1948 Warth, Albin H, Chemistry and Technology of Waxes, 2d ed, Reinhold 1956 n t0 reprint this copyright material has been kindly granted by the American Journal of DRUG LITERATURE 87 cosmetics fields. Clinical journals and journals devoted exclusively to chemistry nrn. been excluded even if they occasionally publish pharmacology papers. The entries have been listed as in the following order: journal title; address of publisher or editor; frequency; type; and sources in which the journal in question is indexed or abstracted when this information is known. Theodoea Andrews, Pharmacy Librarian Purdue University Lafayette, Indiana December 1962 Key to Abbreviations Abbreviations used in describing frequency of issue are as follows: A-annually M-monthly BM-bimonthly Q-quarterly ca.-approximately SA-semi-annually F-fortnightly SM-semi-monthly 4 x/yr, etc-4 times a year W-weekly I-irregularly Abbreviations describing the type of periodical are as follows: A-abstracts or reviews L-lists of new drugs B-business or professional N-news D-documentation O-official or legal H-historical S-scientific Abbreviations for sources in which the journals are indexed or abstracted are as follows: AWM-Abstract of World Medi- CLML-Current List of Medical cine Literature BA-Biological Abstracts EM-Excerpta Medica BIP-Bulletin de l'lnstitut Pasteur IABS-International Abstracts of BPI-Business Periodicals Index Biological Sciences CA-Chemical Abstracts IM-Index Medicus CIHL-Cumulative Index of Hogpi- NA-Nutrition Abstracts tal Literature Items marked with an asterisk (*) have not been verified. 9T-201 WORLD LIST of pharmacy periodicals compiled by Theodora Andrews from a preliminary list by Winifred Sewell A i AOEF Asocioci6n de Empleados de Farmacia, Buenos Aires, Argentina Probably discontinued 2 A.I.H.P. Notes See Pharmacy in History 3 The APhA Newsletter American Pharmaceutical Association, 2215 Constitution Ave., N. W., Washington 7, D. C, U.S.A. BW; N 4 APXNB* (Archives of Pharmacy Beograd) Beograd, Yugoslavia -)S 5 Acta Belgica de Arte Medicinal! et Pharmaceutica Militarl 145, Avenue de la Couronne, Bruxelles 5, Belgium Q. S; IM. CA 6 Acta Brevia Neerlandica de Physiologia, Pharmacologic, Micro- biologic, e.a. Incorporated in Acta Physiologica et Pharmacologics Neerlandica which See 7 Acta Focultatis Pharmaceuticoe Bruneniis et Bratislavensis Brnenska Universitata, Fakulta Farmoceuticka v Brne, ve Statnim Pedagogickem Nakladatelstvi, N. P., Praha, Czechoslovakia A; S; CA 8 Acta Pharmaceutica Hungarica Magyar Gyogyszeresztudomanyi T6rsasag, Ulloi-utca 26, Budapest 8, Hungary BM; S; CA, BA 9 Acta Pharmaceutica Internationalia Ejnar Munksgaord, Copenhagen, Denmark Ceased publication Theodora Andrews, M.S., is Pharmacy Librarian, Purdue University School of Pharmacy, Lafayette, Indiana. Winifred Sewell, M.S., formerly Librarian at the Squibb Institute for Medical Research, New Brunswick, N.J., is now Deputy Chief, Bibliographic Service Division, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland. 10 Acta Pharmaceutica Jugoslavia Masarykova 2/11, Zagreb 1, Yugoslavia 4x/yr, S; CA. BA II Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica See Yao HsUeh Hsileh-Pao 12 Acta Pharmaciae Historica Acodemie Internationale d'Histoire de la Pharmacie, s'Gravenhage, Netherlands Probably discontinued 13 Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica Ejnar Munksgaard, NoVegade 6, Copenhagen, Denmark I; S; BA, CA, EM, CLML. IM, IABS 14 Acta Physiologica et Pharmacologica Neerlandica North-Holland Publishing Co., P.O. Box 103. Amsterdam, Nether- lands I; S; CA, CLML, IM, BA, IABS, BIP, NA 15 Acta Phytotherapeutica E.F. Steinmetz, Keizersgracht 347, Amsterdam-C, Netherlands lOx/yr; S; CA, BA 16 Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica Orzeszkowej 7, Krakow 6, Poland BM; S; CA, IABS 17 Action Pharmaceutiquo* 97, Boulevard Gambetta, Cahors, France BM 18 Acluolidades en Materia Medica Sandoz, A.-G., Basel, Switzerland Ceased publication 19 Acluolidades Wyeth Wyeth International. Ltd., P.O. Box 8299, Philadelphia 1, Pa., U.S.A. Ceased publication 20 Actualites Pharmacologiquei Masson et Cle., 120, Boulevard Saint-Germain, Paris 6e, France A; S, A; CA, CLML, IM, BA, BIP 21 Advances in Clinical Chemistry Academic Press, 111 Fifth Ave., New York 3, N.Y., U.S.A. A; S; CLML, CA, IM, BA 88 DRUG LITERATURE 89 Advances in Pharmacology Academic Press Inc., Ill Fifth Avenue, New York 3, N.Y., U.S.A. Aerztliche Laboratorium Laborarzt-Verlag G.m.b.H., Domstr. 21-3, Wiirzburg, Germany 24 Agressologie. Revue Internationale de Physiobiologi. et de Pharma- cologie Appliquees aux effets de I'Agression S.P.E.I., 14 rue Drouot, Paris 9, France Q; S; BA Aktuelle Arzneitherapie Bad Worishofen, Germany Ceased publication 26 Alcaloides Laborotoires Houde, 9, rue Dieu, Paris, France 4x/yr. Ceased publication 27 Alchemist Monthly Pharmaceutical Digest See Pharmacy Digest 28 Alchimist N.V. Sluys Boechout, Boechout, Belgium M; S, B 29 Allegheny County Pharmacist Allegheny County Pharm. Assoc., 731-732 Jenkins Arcade Bldg., Pittsburgh 22, Pa., U.S.A. M;N 30 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Newsletter 1507 M St., N.W., Washington 5, D.C., U.S.A. I, N 31 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. Proceedings Ceased publication 32 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, Teachers' Seminars Charles W. Bliven, Business Manager, American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, 1507 M St., N.W., Washington 5, D.C., U.S.A. A; 8 33 American Druggist 250 West 55th Street, New York 19, N.Y., U.S.A. F; B 34 American Institute of the History of Pharmacy Notes See Pharmacy in History 35 American Journal of Hospi:al Pharmacy American Society of Hospitol Pharmacists, 2215 Constitution Ave., N.W., Washington 7, D.C., U.S.A. M; S, B; CA. CIHL (formerly Bulletin of the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists) 36 American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Charles W. Bliven, Business Manager, American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, 1507 M. St., N.W., Washington 5, D.C, U.S.A. Q; B; CA, BA, CIHL 37 American Journal of Pharmacy and the Sciences Supporting Public Health Philadelphia College of Pharmacy & Science, 43rd St., King- sessing & Woodland Aves., Phila. 4, Pa., U.S.A. M; S; BA, CA, CLML, AWM, IM American Perfumer and Aromatics Moore Publishing Co., 48 West 38th St., New York 18, N.Y., U.S.A. M; S; CA 39 American Professional Pharmacist 1447 Northern Boulevard, Manhasset, N.Y., U.S.A. M; S, B; CA, BA, CIHL 40 Ampul Student publication Ohio Northern University College of Pharmacy, Ada, Ohio, U.S.A. 4/yr; N 41 Anais da Academia Nacional de Farmacia Rua dos Andrados 96, 10" and., Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 42 Anais Azevedos Sociedade Industrial Farmaceutica, Trov. da Espera 3, Lisboa, Portugal. 5x/yr; S, N; CA 43 Anois da Faculdade de Farm6cia e Odontologia do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rua 15 de Novembro 78, Niter6l, Brazil I; S 44 Anais da Faculdade de Farm6cia e Odontologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo Rua Tres Rios 363, C.P. 8216, San Paulo, Brazil A; S; CA, BA, BIP 45 Anais de Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade de Porto Rua Anibal Cunha, Porto, Portugal A; S; CA, BA Anois da Faculdade Nacional de Farmacia Avenida Pasteur 458, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil I; S 47 Anais da Faculdade de Odontologia e Farmacia da Universidade de Minas Gerais Pracci da Liberadade, s/n, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil ca. A; S; CA 48 Anais de Farmacia e Qufmica de Sao Paulo Avenida Brigadeiro Luis Antonio 393, 7 andar, San Paulo, Brazil BM S; CA, BA ABBREVIATIONS - frequency of issue: A-anmially; BM—bimonthly; en. -approximately; F—fortnightly; 4x/yr., etc.—4 times a year; I—irregularly; M-monthly; Q-quarterly; SA-semi-onnually; SM-semi-monthly; W-»-eekly type of periodic-ill: A—abstracts or reviews; B—business or professional; D—documentation; H-historical; L—lists of new drugs; N—news; O—official or legal; S-scientific where indexed or abstracted: AWM-Abstrncts of World Medicine; BA-Biolouiial Abstracts: DIP-Bulletin de 1'Institut Pasteur; BPI-Business Period- icals Index; CA-Chemkal Abstracts; CIHL-Cuimilative Index of Hospital Literature; CLML-Currcnt List of Medical Literature; EM-Excerpta Medico; IABS-lntemational Abstracts of Biological Sciences; IM-Index Medicus; NA-Nutrition Abstracts items marked with an asterisk (•) have not been verified. 90 DRUG LITERATURE 49 Anoles de la Asociacion de Qufmica y Farmacia del Uruguay Avenida Agraciada 1464, Plso 14, Montevideo, Uruguay co. A,- S> CA,- Probably ceased publication 50 Anales de Bromatologia Edmcio Focultad de Farmacia, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid. Spain a- S; CA 51 Anales de la Facuhad de Farmacia y Bioqulmka Unrversidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Apartado 1760, Lima, Peru A; S; CA, BA 52 Anales de la Focultad de Qufmica y Farmacia Universidad de Chile Editorial Universitaria, S.A., Ricardo Santa Cruz 747, Santiago, Chile A; S; BA 53 Anales de la Focultad de Qufmica y rarmacia Unlversldad de la Republica Oriental del Uruguay, Avenida General Flores 2124, Montevideo, Uruguay A; S; CA 54 Anales de Farmacia y Bioqufmica Colegio Nocional de Farmaceuticos y Quimicos, Bogota,Colombia BM; Ceased publication Anales de Farmacia y Bioqufmica Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires, Argentina Q,- S; CA, BA, BIP 56 Anales de Farmacia Hospitalaria Servicios Farmaceuticos de la Excelentfsima Diputoci6n Provincial de Madrid, Miguel Angel 25, Madrid, Spain I, Sj CA, BA 57 Anales del Institute de Farmacologia Espanola Instituto de Farmacologla Espafiola, Madrid, Spain A; S; CA, BA 58 Anales de la Real Academia de Farmacia Calle de Campoamor 18, Madrid, Spain M; S; CA, AWM, CLML, BIP, IM, BA 59 Annates d'Hygiene et de Midecine Coloniales Title changed to Annales de Medecine et de Pharmacie Coloniales which See Annales de M6decine et de Pharmacie Coloniale Title changed to Medecine Troptcale which See 61 Annales Pharmaceutiques Beiges 11, rue Archimede, Bruxelles, Belgium SM; N; CA Annales Pharmaceutiques Francoises Mosson et Cle, 120 Boulevard Saint-Germain, Paris 6e, Fronce lOx/yr, S; CA, AWM, BA, BIP, EM, NA, CLML, IM 63 Annali di Chimlca Vlale Liegi 48, Roma, Italy M; S; CA, BA 64 Annali della Unfverslta di Ferrara, Sezlone II, Farmacologla e Terapfo Ferrara, Italy ca. A; S; CA, BA 65 Annotatsii o Novykh lekarstvennykh Sredstvakh Ministerstvo Zdravookhraneniia, Moskva, U.S.S.R.* Annual Review of Pharmacology Annual Reviews, Inc., 231 Grant Ave., Palo Alto, Calif., U.S.A. A; S; BA 67 Antibiotic Medicine and Clinical Therapy MD Publications Inc., 30 East 60th St., New York 22, N.Y., U.S.A M; S; IM, BA, CA, CLML, NA,- Ceased publication, 1961 68 Antibiotica et Chemotherapia S. Karger, Arnold Bocklinstrasse 25, Basel II, Switzerland A; S; CLML, CA, IM, BA, IABS, BIP 69 Antibiotics Antibiotic Research Assoc., Kyoto, Japan Publication suspended 70 Antibiotics and Chemotherapy Merged with Clinical Medicine, January, 1963. 71 Antibiotics Annual Name changed to Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 72 Anlibiotiki Gosudarslvennoe Izdatel'stvo Meditsinskoi Literatury, Moskva, U.S.S.R. BM; S; CA, CLML, IM, BA, BIP, NA; (Has English summaries) 73 Antibiotiques. Bulletin Bibliographique Mensuel Societe des Antibiotiques de France, 67 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris 8«, France M; A 74 Anuario da Faculdade de Farmacia e Odontologia de Natal Praja Thomaz de Araujo. Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil Probably discontinued se~ \m piiuwwmii'A juaixuvm American I^armacq DRUG LITERATURE 91 Annales » rm^< cull que Apothecary Apothecary Publishing Co., 376 Bolyston Street, Boston 16, Mass., U.S.A. 87 Archiv der Pharmazie und Berichte der Deutschen Pharmazeutischen Gesellschaft Verlag Chemie, Haupstr. 127. (17a) Weinheim/Bergstr., Germany M; S; CLML, CA, NA, BA, IM, BIP Apothecary School of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon A; S,B,N; CA 77 Apotheke Apotheken-Verlag, Verunda, Runderoth, Germany M; Ceased publication Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamic et de Therapie Secretariat de la Redaction, 3, Albert Baertsoenkaai, Gent, Belgii M; S; CLML, CA, AWM, BIP, EM, NA, IM, BA, IABS Archives de Medecine et de Pharmacie Militaires Title changed to Revue de Service de Sante Militaire which See Apothekenhelferin Supplement to Deutsche Apotheker-Zeitung, which See Apotheken-Werbung Supplement to Pharmazeutische Zeitung, which See Apotheker-Dienst Roche Deutsche Hoffmann-La Roche, A.G., Grenzach, Germany Apothekersblad Flemish ed. of Annales Pharmaceutiques Beiges, which See B2 Apotheker-Zeitung Combined with Siiddeutsche Apotheker-Zeitung, then Deutsche Apotheker-Zeitung, which See 83 Aptechnoe delo Medgiz, Petrovka 12, Moskva, U.S.S.R. BM; S; CA, BA; (Table of Contents in English) 84 Archeia tes Farmakeutikes Mrs. Spellan Papadoki, Nikis 24, Athens, Greece 85 Archiv fur Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmacologic (Naunyn- Schmiedebergs) Springer-Verlag, Reichpietschufer 20, Berlin W 35, Germany I; S; CA, CLML, AWM, BA, EM, NA, AIBS, BIP 86 Archiv for Pharmaci og Chemi Dan marks Apothekerforening, 14 Hammerichsgade, Copenhagen, Denmark F; S, B; CA, BA, NA Archives de Medecine et de Pharmacie Novates Title changed to Revue de Medecine Navale (Metropole et Outre- mer) which See Archives of Pharmacy Beograd See APXNB Archivio de Farmacologia Sperimentale e Scienze Affini Via Roma 33, Pisa,- Viale G. Rossini 2 c, Roma, Italy M,S 93 Archivio Italiano de Scienze Farmacologiche. Organo Ufficiale della Societa Italiana di Farmacologia Societa Lipografica Modenese, Modena, Italy BM; S; CA, CLML, EM, IM 94 Archivos de Btoqufmica, Qufmica y Farmacia de Tucum6n Universidad Nacional de Tucum6n, Qyacucho 482, Tucum6n, Argentina I; S; CA, AWM, BA, BIP 95 Archivos Farmaceuticos Baga Laboratorios Bago. Rivera Indarte 1468, Buenos Aires, Argentina Ceased publication Archivos de Farmacia y Bioqufmica de Tucumin Title changed to Archivos de Bioquimica, Qufmica y Farmacia de Tucuman which See Archivos del Instituto de Farmacologla Experimenta Vitrubio 16, Madrid, Spain SA; S; CA, CLML, IM ABBREVIATIONS - frequency of issue: A-annually; BM-bimonthly; ca.-approximately; F-fortnightly; 4x/vt., etc-4 times a year; I-irregularly M-monthly; Q-quarterly; SA-semi-annually; SM-semi-monthly; W-weekly lype of periodical: A-abstracts or reviews; B—business legal; S—scientific where indexed or abstracted: AWM-Abstracts of World Medicine; BA-Biological Abstra icals Index; CA-Chemical Abstrocts; CIHL-Cumulative Index of Hospital Literatu Medica; IABS-International Abstracts of Biological Sciences; IM-Index Medicus items marked with an asterisk (*) have not been verified. professional; D-documentation; H-historical; L—lists of new drugs; N-news; O-official or BIP-Bulletin de l'lnstitut Pasteur; BPI-Business Period- CLML-Current List of Medical Literature; EM-Excerpta NA—Nutrition Abstracts 92 DRUG LITERATURE 98 Argus des Pharmociens 26, rue Brey, Paris 17e, France M; B 9* Arhiv za Farmaciju Farmaceutsko Druitvo, Zeleni venoc 1/1, Beograd, Yugoslavia BM; S, B IOC Arizona Pharmacist 1028 East McDowell Street, Phoenix, Ariz.. U.S.A. M; O, B, N 101 Arkansas Druggist See Arkansas Pharmacist 102 Arkansas Pharmacist Arkansas Phorm. Assoc., 607 Wallace Building. Little Rock, Ark.. U.S.A. _; O, B, N 103 Arquivos de Instituto de Farmacologia e Terapeutica Experimental Universidode de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal A;S KM Ars Pharmaceutica Focultad do Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain BM; S, H. O, A 105 Arzneimiftel-Forschung Editio Cantor K.G., Aulendorf i. Wurtt., Germany M; S; CA, CLML, IM, BA, IABS 106 Arzt und Apotheke Apothekervereln Nordrhein, Diisseldorf, Germany Probably ceased publication 107 Association of Food and Drug Officials of the United States Quarterly Bulletin See Quarterly Bulletin, Association of Food and Drug Officials of the United States 108 Atti del Convegno, della Societa Italiana di Scienze Farmoceutiche Milano, Italy A; S 109 Auburn Pharmacist Auburn Univ., Auburn, Ala., U.S.A. Q; N 110 Australasian Journal of Pharmacy Australasian Pharmaceutical Publishing Co. Ltd., 18-22 Saint Francis St., Melbourne C. 1, Australia M; S, N, B, L; CA. BA 111 Australasian Pharmaceutical Notes and News 35 Bligh St., Sydney, Australia M; Ceased publication 112 The Azoan Official Publication of the Alpha Zeta Omega Pharmaceutical Fraternity Jules Resnick, Editor, 18 Sunnyside Road, West Orange, N.J., U.S.A. 3x/yr.; N, B B 113 The Badger Pharmacist Ceased Publication 114 Balans Bosch van Drakesteinlaon 12, Utrecht, Netherlands BM 115 Beaver Pharmacist Oregon State University, School of Pharmacy, Corvallis, Oregon, U.S.A. _• B, N; 116 Beitrage zur Geschichte der Pharmozie und ihrer Nachbargebiete Included irregularly in Pharmazie, which See 117 Berichte uber die Gesamte Physiologie und Experimented Pharmakologie Springer-Verlag, Reichpietschufer 20, Berlin W 35, Germany ca. 2 or 3/M; A; CA, BIP 118 Bibliogrofica Farmoceutica; con Note de Dietetica e di Alimentazione Segnalazionl Bibliografiche Mensili, Casello Postale 1791, Milano, Italy M; A 119 Bilancia e Pestello Varese, Italy M; B 120 Bilten Naucne Dokumentacije za Farmaciju (Bulletin de Documentation Scientifique pour la Pharmacie) Jugoslovenski Centar za TehniJku i NauSnu Dokumentociju, Admirala Geprota 16, Beograd, Yugoslavia BM; A 121 Biochemical Pharmacology Pergamon Press, 122 E. 55th Street, New York, N.Y., U.S.A. Q; S; CA, IM, BA, IABS, BIP, NA 122 Biochemische Zeitschrift Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany I; S; CA, IM, BA 123 Biuletyn Instytutu R6slin Leczniczych Panstwowy Inst. Naukowy Leczniczych Surowc6w R6slinnych, uL Libelta nr.27, Pozn6n. Poland Q; S; CA 124 The Blue and Gold Triangle of Lambda Kappa Sigma Ursula Biermacher, Editor, 1400 Chicago Ave., Evanston, III., U.S.A. 3x/yr.; N 125 Boletim da Academia Nacional de Farm6cia Rio de Janeiro Title changed to Anais da Academia Nacional de Framodo which See 126 Boletim da Associaofio Brasiletra de Farmaceuticos Section of Revista Brasileira de Farmacia, which See DRUG LITERATURE 93 127 Boletim da Associacao Farmoceutica d. P.rnambuco* Rua da Aurora 87. 1* and., Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil M 128 Boletim da Escola de Farmacia Ed. da Escolo de Farmacia, Rua do Norte, Coimbra, Portugal I; S; CA. BA 129 Boletim da Sociedade Brasileira de Historic da Farmacia Special section of Revista Brasileira de Farm6cia, which See 130 Boletin del Colegio Colombiano de Quimicos Farmaceuticos Francisco Llanos, Secretaria General, Edif. Jorge Garces B. No 308, Coli, Colombia M; B, N 131 Boletin del Colegio de Farmaceuticos y Quimicos de Guatemala* Guatemala City, Guatemala 132 Boletin de Informacion Bromatologica Sociedad Espafiola de Bromatologio, Ciudad Univ. (Edificio Facultad de Farmacia), Madrid, Spain I2x/yr., S; CA 133 Boletin de lnformati6n del Consejo General Colegios Of. de Farmaceuticos, Aptdo. 1.038, Madrid, Spain M; O 134 Boletin Informativo Av. Agraciada 1464, Montevideo, Uruguay M, B 135 Boletin informativo de Philos Federaci6n de Hermandades Medicofarmaceuticas de San Cosme y San Damian, Madrid, Spain I; Ceased publication 136 Boletin de la Sociedad Espaiiola de Historia de la Farmacia Campoamor 18, Madrid, Spain Q; H Bolleftino Chimico Farmaceutico Via Solferino 2J, Milano, Italy M; S; CA, CLML, AWM, EM, BIP, IM, BA 138 Bollettino della Societ6 Italiana Di Farmacia Ospitaliera Farmocia Ospedale Maggiore, Milano, Italy Q; B, S, N 139 The Bond of Kappa Epsilon National Pharmaceutical Fraternity for Women Lauretta E. Fox. Editor, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla„ U.S.A. I; N, B 140 Boticario New Mexico Pharmaceutical Assoc, 110 Harvard Drive. S.E., Albuquerque, N.M., U.S.A. M; N, O Bristol Digest Bristol Laboratories, Thompson Rd., Syracuse, N.Y., U.S.A. Ceased publication 142 British and Colonial Pharmacist Title changed to British and Overseas Pharmacist which See 143 British and Overseas Pharmacist Title changed to British and Overseas Pharmacy and Medicine which See 144 British and Overseas Pharmacy and Medicine Title changed to Chemotherapy Review which See 145 British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy British Medical Association, Tavistock Square. London, W.C.I, U.K. Q; S; CA, CLML, EM, AWM, BA, BIP, IM, NA, AIBS 146 The Bronx Pharmacist Bronx County Pharmaceutical Assoc., 1215 Gerard Ave., Bronx 52, New York, N.Y., U.S.A. M; O, N, B 147 Brooklyn Pharmacist Consolidated Brooklyn Retail Pharmacist, Inc., 26 Court Street Brooklyn 1, NY., U.S A. M; O, N 148 Bulletin of the American College of Apothecaries. See Voice of the Pharmacist 149 Bulletin of the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists Title changed to American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy which See 150 Bulletin Bibliographique, Societe de Technique Pharmoceutique See Technique Pharmoceutique 151 Bulletin du Cercle Benelux d'Histoire de la Pharmacie Dr. E. Grendel, Lange Tlendeweg 9, Goudo, Netherlands I; H Bulletin Djahan-Dan Dr. Mehdi Namdar, Pharmacis Allemani, Istanbul Avenue, Teheran, Bulletin of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Kinki University See Kinki Daigaku Yakugakubu Kiy6 154 Bulletin de la Federation Francaise des Amicales de Pharmacie de Reserve 13, rue Ballu, Paris 9e, France Q 155 Bulletin de la Federation Internationale Pharmoceutique Title changed to Journal Mondial de Pharmacie which See ABBREVIATIONS - frequency of issue: A-annually; BM-bimonthly; ca. -approximately; F-fortnightly; 4x/yr., etc—4 times a year; I-inegularly; M-monthly; Q-quaiterly; SA-semi-anmiaUy; SM-semi-monthly; W-weekly type of periodical: A-abstractz or reviews; B-business or professional; D—documentation; H-historical; L-lists of new drags; N-news; O—official or legal; S-scientific where indexed or abstracted: AWM-Abstracts of World Medicine; BA-Biological Abstracts; BIP-Bulletin de I'lnstitut Pasteur; BPI-Business Period- icals Index; CA-Chemical Abstracts; CIHL-Cumulative Index of Hospital Literature; CLML—Current List of Medical Literature; EM-Excerpta Medica; lABS-International Abstracts of Biological Sciences; IM-Index Medicus; NA-Nurrition Abstracts items marked with an asterisk (*) have not been verified. 94 DRUG LITERATURE II. FARMA('IST\ T i -_,.„n ET^Ti^WTC ami sua Bulletin d'information. Federation Pharmoceutique Mediterraneenne 6 Blvd. d'Athens, Marseille 1, France M; Probably discontinued Bulletin d'information de Service de Sante Militaire 8 bis rue des Recollets, Paris 10, France Bulletin of the Nagoya City University, Pharmaceutical School See Nagoya Shfritsu Daigaku Yakugakubu Kiyo 159 Bulletin on Narcotics, United Nations, Department of Social Affairs Unesco Publications Center, U.S.A., 152 W. 42nd St., New York 36, N.Y., U.S.A. 4x/yr.; O, S; AWM, CA 160 Bulletin of the National Formulary Committee Title changed to Drug Standards which See Bulletin of the Ontario College of Pharmacy 46 Gerrard St. East, Toronto 2, Ontario, Canada Sx/yr.; S, N; CA Bulletin de I'Ordre National des Ph. 4 Avenue Ruysdaet, Paris 8, France Q; O 163 Bulletin of the Parenteral Drug Association 130 East 59th St., New York 22, N.Y., U.S.A. BM; S; CA 164 Bulletin of the Pharmaceutical Research Institute 350 Kosobe, Takatsukl City, Osaka-fu, Japan BM; S; CA, BA; (In English, German) Bulletin, Pharmacognosy Laboratory, India Ministry of Health Calcutta, India Bulletin of Pharmacy Combined with Western Druggist to form Drug Bulletin In 1928 167 Bulletin of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy 43rd St. and Kingsessing Ave., Philadelphia 4, Pa., U.S.A. M; N Bulletin. School of Pharmacy. University of Wisconsin. University Extension Division See School of Pharmacy Bulletin 169 Bulletin des Sciences Pharmacologiques Merged with Journal de Pharmacie et de Chimie to Pharmaceutiques Franchises 170 Bulletin de la Societe de Pharmacie de Bordeaux Faculte de Medecine et de Pharmacie, rue Leyte Bordeaux, Q; S, O, B; CA, BIP 171 Bulletin de la Societe de Pharmacie de Lille Faculte de Medecine et de Pharmacie, Lille, France Q; S; CA 172 Bulletin de la Societe de Pharmacie de Marseille M. le Prof. F. Pelllssier, Sec. Gen., 92, rue Auguste Blanqul, Marseille, France Q; S; CA 173 Bulletin de la Societe de Pharmacie de Nancy 5, rue Albert-Lebrun, Nancy, France Q; S; CA 174 Bulletin de la Societe de Pharmacie de Strasbourg Faculte de Pharmacie, 2 rue St. Georges, Strasbourg, France Q 175 Medicates du Grand-duche ds Bulletin de la Societe des Luxembourg Junglinster, Luxembourg BM; S; CLML, IM 176 Bulletin des syndicats Pharm. de la Region Paris!. 2, rue Recamier, Paris 6e, France M; B 177 Bulletin, Texas University College of Pharmacy See Texas Journal of Pharmacy 178 Bulletin des Travaux de la Societe de Pharmacie de Bordeaux See Bulletin de la Societe de Pharmacie de Bordeaux 179 I'Ecole Nationale de Medecine et de Bulletins et Memoires Pharmacie de Dakar Title changed to Bulletins et Memoires de la Faculte de Medecine et de Pharmacie de Dakar which See 180 Bulletins et Memoires de la Faculte de Medecine et de Pharmaels de Dakar Libralrle Arnette, 2 rue Caslmlr Delavlgne, Paris 6, France A; S; BIP 181 Burma Pharmaceutical Journal* 252, Barr Street, Rangoon, Burma DRUG LITERATURE 95 182 C.R.D.A. Newt Chicago Retail Druggists' Assoc., Suite 820, 32 West Randolph St., Chicago 1, III., U.S>. Caderno de Terapeutica Labor Loborter6pica S.A., R. Carlos Gomes, 924 San Paulo, Brazil I 184 Cahiers du Pharmacien de Fronce Paris, France 185 California Pharmacy 234 Loma Dr., Los Angeles 26, Calif., U.S.A. M; O, B, N 186 Canodian Pharmaceutical Journal Canadian Pharmaceutical Association, 221 Victoria St., Toronto I, Ontario, Canada M; B, O, S; CA Capsule Northeastern University College of Pharmacy, Boston, Mass., U.S.A. BM; N 188 Carolina Journal of Pharmacy North Carolina Pharmaceutical Association, Drawer 151, Chapel Hill, N.C., U.S.A. 189 Central African Pharmaceutical Journol Pharmaceutical Press of Rhodesia Ltd., P.O. Box 1777, Bulawayo, S. Rhodesia M; B, O, S 190 Central Pharmaceutical Journal 221 North LaSalle Street, Chicago 1, III., U.S.A. M; B Cercle Benelux d'Histoire de la Pharmacie Title changed to Bulletin du Cercle Benelux d'Histoire de la Pharmacie which See 192 Coskoslovenska Farmacie St6tnl Zdravotnicke Nakladatelstvf, Krakovska 8, Praha 2, Czecho- slovakia lOx/yr,- S, B, O, A; CA, BA 193 Chain Store Age, Drug Executives Edition 2 Park Avenue, New York 16, N.Y., U.S.A. 13/yr.; B 194 Chain Store Age, Drug Store Managers Edition 2 Park Avenue, New York 16, N.Y., U.S.A. M; B Chemical Age Benn Bros. Ltd., 154 Fleet St., London, E.C.4, U.K. W; N, B; CA 196 Chemical Age of India 65, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Fort, Bombay 1, India Q; S; CA 197 Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Maruzen Co., Ltd., P.O. Box 605, Tokyo Central, Tokyo, Japan BM; S; CLML, CA, IM, NA 198 Chemisch Weekblad D. B. Centen's Uitg. Mij. N.V., le Weteringplantsoen 8, Amsterdam C, Netherlands W; O, S, N; CA, BA 199 Chemische Beriehten Hilversum, Netherlands Chemische en Pharmaceutische Techniek Dordrecht, Netherlands Ceased publication 201 Chemische Rundschau Buchdruckerei Vogt-Schild A.G., Solothurn, Switzerland SM; B; CA 202 Chemist and Druggist Morgan Bros., 28 Essex St., Strand, London, W.C.2, U.K. W; B, S; CA, AWM 203 Chemist & Drugstore Newt 31 Haman Street, Bombay 1, India M; N 204 Chemistry and Industry 14 Belgrove Sq., London, S.W.I, U.K. W; S; CA 205 Chemists Review For the Pharmaceutical Profession, Trade and Industry. Pharmaceutical Publications Pakistan, Picture House Street, Bunder Rood, Karachi, Pakistan M; N 206 Chemotherapia, International Journal of Pharmacology, Toxicology, Clinic and Therapy S. Karger, Basel, Switzerland BM; S; IM, BA 207 Chemotherapy Research Bulletin Chemotherapy Research Institute, Inc., 507 Fifth Avenue, New York 17, N.Y., U.S.A. BM; S, L; (Card format) ABBREVIATIONS - frequency of issue: A- ; B— business Uy; BM—bimonthly; c*.—approximately; F—fortnightly; 4x/yr.t etc.—4 times a year; I—irregularly; professional; D— documentation; H—historical; L—lists of new drugs; N- O-official . type of periodical: A—abstracts or i legal; S— scientific where indexed or abstracted: AWM-Abstracts of World Medicine; BA-Biological Abstracts; BIP-Bulletin de I'lnstitut Pasteur; BPI-Business Period- icals Index; CA—Chemical Abstracts; CIHL-Cumulative Index of Hospital Literature; CLML—Current List of Medical Literature; EM—Excerpta Medica; IABS-Intemational Abstracts of Biological Sciences; IM—Index Medicus; NA—Nutrition Abstracts items marked with an asterisk (•) have not been verified. 96 DRUG LITERATURE 208 Chemotherapy Review 194 Bishopsgote, London, E.C. 2, England, U.K. M; A 209 Chicago Retail Druggist Association News See C.R.D.A. News 210 Chlmica, La, e L'industria Via S. Tomaso, 3, Milano, Italy M; S, N; CA, BA 211 ChiryB (Therapy) Nanzando 36 Tatsuoka-cho, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan M; S; CA 212 Chung Kuo Yao Hsueh Chih Chinese Pharmaceutical Association Journal See Yao Hsueh HsUeh-Poo 213 Ciba Journal CIBA Limited, Basle, Switzerland 4x/yr.i H, S 214 Ciba Monographs Ciba Pharma Ltd., Bombay, India Probably discontinued 215 Ciba Therapeutic Index Ciba Pharmaceutical Products, Summit, N.J., U.S.A. A; Probably discontinued 216 Ciba Pharmaceutical Products, Summit, N.J., U.S.A. 4x/yr.; H, S; Ceased publication 217 Federacl6n de Qulmlcos-Farmoceuticos de Guayas, Guayaquil, Ecuador I; Probably discontinued Cincinnati Academy of Pharmacy News 7404 Juler Ave., Cincinnati 43, Ohio., U.S.A. M; N 219 Circulaire, Union Mondiale des Sociotes d'histoire Pharmoceutique Rotterdam, Netherlands _, H 220 Circular Farmaceutico Via Layetana 94, Barcelona, Spain I; S; CA Cloridad* Bolivia 222 Cleveland Academy of Pharmacy Journal 1935 Euclid Ave., Cleveland 15, Ohio, U.S.A. M; N, B 223 Clinka Chimica Acta Elsevier Publishing Co., Spuistraat 110-112, Amsterdam C, Nether- lands BM; S; IM, CA 224 Clinical Chemistry American Association of Clinical Chemists. 3110 Elm Ave., Balti- more, Md.. U.S.A. BM; S; CLML, CA, IM, BA 225 Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics C. V. Mosby Co., 3207 Washington Blvd., St. Louis 3, Mo., U.S.A. BM; S; IM, BIP 226 Clinical Review and Research Notes Pfizer Laboratories, Brooklyn 6, N.Y., U.S.A. Discontinued 227 Clinical Symposia Ciba Pharmaceutical Company, Summit, N.J., U.S.A. QjS 228 Colegio Farmaceutico Colegio de Farmaceuticos, Casilla 1136, Santiago, Chile Ceased Publication; continued as Colegio Quimico Farmaceutico which See 229 Colegio de Farmaceuticos de la Provincia de Santa Fe* 230 Colegio Quimico Farmaceutico Merced 50, Santiago, Chile Ca. M; N 231 Collana de Monografie di Storia della Farmacia Associazione Italiana de Storia della Farmacia, Pisa, Italy Ceased publication 232 Collectanea Pharmaceutica Suecica (Reprints. Some in English) Kungl. Farmaceutiska Inst. Bibliotek, Kungstensgatan 49, Stockholm Va, Sweden A; S; CA 233 Colorado Journal of Pharmacy University of Colorado School of Pharmacy, Boulder, Colo., U.S.A. Q; N WCTHEKEJZEITUNG j ARMACIE CHWtsrSbRuocasr TfflfPTll DRUG LITERATURE 97 Columbus Clinical Group Journol 111 W. Third Ave.. Columbus 1, Ohio, USA SA 235 The Communicator Publication of Phi Delta Chi Conrad A. Blomquist, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago 12, III., U.S.A. 4x/yr.; N, B 236 Comptes Rmdus Proceedings International Congress of Hospital Pharmacists Basel Switzerland I; Probably discontinued 237 Conception, Chile [City] Universidad, Facultad de Quimico y farmacia, Tesis de Quimicos Farmaceuticos Focultad de Quimico y Farmacia, University of Concepcl6n, Con- cepci6n, Chile A; S 238 Congreso Internacional de Antibioticos Quimioter6picos [Adas y Trabajos] Buenos Aires, Argentina I; Probably discontinued 239 Connecticut Pharmacist Connecticut Pharmaceutical Assoc., Babcock Ave., Ploinfield, Conn U.S.A. M; B, N, O 240 Consultant Smith, Kline and French Laboratories, 1530 Spring Garden St Philadelphia I, Pa., U.S.A. I0x/yr.; S 241 Copnip List Special Libraries Assoc., Pharmaceutical Section, Committee on Pharmaco-Medical Nonserial Industrial Publications, Theodore Treible, Chairman, Norwich Pharmacol Co., 17 Eaton Ave., Norwich, N.Y., U.S.A. Q; D 242 Correio do Mundo Farmaceutico Rua Buenos Aires 137, Rio de Janeiro. Brazil M; S, B 243 Corriere dei Farmacisti Casella Posfole 54. Napoli, Italy M; N 244 Cronachs Farmaceutiche Ermina Sola, Editor, Via G. Jon, 18, Milano, Italy co. BM; N, B 245 Current Contents, Weekly Guide to Chemical, Pharmaco-Medical and Life Sciences Institute for Scientific Information, 33 South 17th St., Philadelphia 3, Pa , U.S.A. W;S 246 Current Iodine Literature Ceased publication 247 Current Medicine and Drugs 7235 Wisconsin Ave. N.W., Washington 14, D.C.. U.S.A. M 248 D & O News Dodge & Olcott, Inc., 180 Vorick St., New York 14, N.Y., U.S.A. M; N 249 Dansk Tidsskrift for Farmaci Danmorks Formoceutiske Selskab, Universitetsporken 2, Copen- hagen, Denmark M; S; CA, CLML, BA, AWM, NA 250 Dansk Tidsskrift for Farmaci, Supplementum Danmorks Formoceutiske Selskab, Universitetsporken 2, Copen- hagen, Denmark I; S; CLML, CA, BA 251 Dedef, Boletin Suplementorio Iztueta. 7, Son Sebastidn, Spain Q, O, B 252 Delaware County Pharmacist 1582 Chichester Ave., Linwood, Pa., U.S.A. M; N 253 Delaware Pharmacist Delaware Pharmaceutical Society, 800 Hillside Rd„ Wilmington 7, Del., U.S.A. M; N 254 Deutsche Apotheker Ernst-Luttichstrasse 2, Oberursel, Taunus, Germany M; S 255 Deutsche Apotheker Post Munchen, Germany Ceased publication 256 Deutsche Apotheker-Zeitung Birkenwoldstrasse 44, Stuttgart, Germany W; S, O; CA 257 Digest of Current Activities and Trends, Drug, Chemical and Allied T-ades Assoc'ation 291 Broadway, New York 7, N.Y., U.S.A F; B, A year; I—irregularly; ABBREVIATIONS - frequency of issue: A-annually; BM-bimonthly; ca. -approximately; F-fortnightly; 4x/yr., etc.-4 til M-monthly; Q-quarterly; SA—semi-annually; SM—semi-monthly; W—weekly type of periodical: A—abstracts or reviews; B— business or professional; D—documentation; H-historical; L—lists of new drugs; N—news; O—official or Ictfal; S-scientific ivhc i- indexed or abstracted: AWM-Abstracts of World Medicine: BA-Biological Abstracts: BIP-Bulletin de I'lnstitut Pasteur; BPI-Business Period- icals Index; CA-Chemical Abstracts; CIHL-Cumulative Index of Hospital Literature; CLML—Current List of Medical Literature; EM-Excerpta Medica; lABS-Intemational Abstracts of Biological Sciences; IM-Index Medicus; NA—Nutrition Abstracts items marked with an asterisk (*) have not been verified. 98 DRUG LITERATURE 258 Dissertotiones Pharmaceutica* Polish Academy of Science. Pharmacological Institute, Division of the Medical Plants, 16 Grzegorzecka Str., Krakow, Poland Q; S, B. O; CA. BA, IABS 259 Distribuzione delle Specialitd Medicinal! Associazione Nazionale Grossistl Specialitd Medicinali, Milano, Italy 260 Drake Post-Scrip Drake University, College of Pharmacy, Des Moines, la., U.S.A. A; N 261 Drogist. Fachzeitschrift fur Drogen, Farben, Foto, Kosmetik Verlag die Wirtschafl, Berlin, Germany M 262 Drogisten Nachrichten Drogistenverband Hamburg und Drogistenverband, Schleswig- Holstein. Hannover, Germany M.O 263 Drogistenwoche* Leipzig, Germany 264 Drogistenzeitung Vienna, Austria Ceased publication 265 Drug and Allied Industries 1070 Spring Street, N.W., Atlanta, Ga., U.S.A. M; B, N; CA 266 Drug and Chemical Exports Morgan Brothers Ltd., 28 Essex Street, Strand, London, W.C. 2, U.K. M; S, B 267 Drug and Cosmetic Industry Drug Markets, Inc., 101 West 31st St., New York 1, N.Y., U.S.A. M; S, B; CA, BA 268 Drug Bulletin Ceased publication in 1933 269 Drug Merchandising 481 University Ave., Toronto 2, Ontario, Canada M; B 270 Drug News Weekly • 7 East 12th Street, New York 3, N.Y., U.S.A. W; B, N Drug Progress See Illinois Pharmacist 272 Drug Research Reports 1152 National Press Building, Washington 4, D.C., U.S.A. SM; O, S 273 Drug Standards American Pharmaceutical Assoc., 2215 Constitution Ave., Washing. ton 7, D.C., U.S.A. Ceased publication 274 Drug Topics 155 East 44th St., New York 17, N.Y., U.S.A. F; B, N; CIHL 275 Drug Trade News 155 East 44th St., New York 17, N.Y., U.S.A. F; B, N 276 Druggists' Bulletin Name changed to Bulletin of Pharmacy in 1891 277 Druggists' Circular Merged into Drug Topics in 1940 278 Drugs and Medicines of North America Ceased publication 279 Drugs Made in Germany Export journal dealing with Drugs, Raw, Basic and Adjuvant Chemicals as well as Machines, Appliances, Apparatus and Equipment for the Chemico-pharmaceutical industry. Editio Cantor, Aulendorf i. Wiirtt., Germany Q;S, B 280 Drugs of Today English edition of Medicamentos de Actualidad, which See 281 Duquesne Pharmacist Name changed to Duquesne University Pharmacy Phorum which See 282 Duquesne University Pharmacy Phorum School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 17 Canevin Hall, Pitts- burgh 19, Pa., U.S.A. Q; N, S, B; (Student Publication) 283 East African Pharmaceutical Journal Pharmaceutical Society of East Africa, P.O. Box 537, Nairobi, Kenya, E. Africa Ceased publication ® TIDSSKRIFT DRUG LITERATURE 99 R O T E R J.\ MKIMIM l.(fllll>l'ti(ilr l.lHIWIVH„UlltiSr.1JI(B 284 Eastern Pharmacist E-38 Hauz Khas Enclave, New Delhi 16, India M; N, S, H 285 Eco Farmaceutico Rua de Santos-o-Velho 12, Lisboa, Portugal M; N 286 Eczacilik Bulteni Pharmacy, Therapeutics K.C. Giiven, Eczaci Okulu, Galenik Docenti, Universite, Istanbul, Turkey M 287 Egyptian Pharmaceutical Bulletin of the Pharmaceutical Society of Egypt and The Syndicate of Pharmacists Dor El Hikmo, 42, Sharia Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, Egypt, U.A.R. M; S, O; CA 288 Egyptian Pharmaceutical Reports of the Pharmaceutical Society of Egypt and the Syndicate of Pharmacists Name changed to the Egyptian Pharmaceutical Bulletin, which See 289 Ephemeris of Materia Medi< Ceased publication 290 Ergebnisse der Physiologie, Biologische Chemie und Experimented Phormakologie Springer-Verlag, Berlin W 35, West Berlin, Germany I; S; CA, CLML, IM, IABS 291 La Escuela de Farmacia; Organ de la Focultad de C.C.Q.Q Y Farmacia Editor, Oscar Paz Pinto; Focultad de Ciencias Quimicos y Farmacia, Guatemala, Central America BM; S, B 292 Esculapio Sindicato Quimico-farmaceutico, La Paz, Bolivia I; Probably discontinued 293 Especialidades Roche Servicio Cientffico Roche, Montevideo, Uruguay 294 L'Eludiont en Pharmacie* 85 Boulevard Saint Michel, Paris 5, France 295 Evolution Pharmoceutique 14, Place Jacques Bonsergent, Paris 10«, Franca M; B 296 Excerpta Medica, Section II. Physiology, Biochemistry & Pharmacology Herengracht 119-123, Amsterdam C, Netherlands and 2 East I03rd Street, New York 29, N.Y., U.S.A. 297 Export Review of the British Drug and Chemical Industries See Drug and Chemical Exports 298 Extracto Departmento de Investigaci6nes Farmacologicas, Barcelona, Spain BM; Probably discontinued I Press Building, Washington 4, D.C., U.S.A. 299 F. D. C. Reports "The Pink Sheet 1152 Natic W; B, O, N 300 FWDA News Capsule Federal Wholesale Druggists Assoc, of U. S. and Canada, 2 Lexington Ave., New York 10, N.Y., U.S.A. F; N, B 301 Fach Drogerie Welckerstrasse 5, Hamburg 36, Germany 302 Faculte Association Amicale des Anciens Eleves de la Faculte Franjoise de Medecine et de Pharmacie de Beyrouth, Rue de Damas, Beyrouth, Lebanon M; N, S 303 Farmaceuticky Obzor Mr. Imrich Kondel, Bratislava, Morkusova 7, Czecholsavakia M; S; CA 304 Farmaceutico Spanish edition of Pharmacy International Johnston Export Publishing Co., 386 Fourth Avenue, New York 16, N.Y., U.S.A. M; B, S, N A—annually; BM—bimonthly; ca. -approximately; F—fortnightly; 4x/yr., e lunlly; SM-semi-monthly; W-weekly ; B—business or professional; D— documentation; H—historical; L—Usts of i -4 times a year; I—irregularly; ' drugs; N—news; O—official or ABBREVIATIONS - frequency of is: M-monthly; Q-q"«rterly; SA-sem type of periodical: A—abstracts . legal; S-scientific whe r indexed or abstracted: AWM-Abstracts of World Medicine; BA-Biolosicnl Abstracts: BIP-Bulletin de I'lnstitut Pasteur; BPI-Business Period- icals InJex; CA—Chemical Abstracts; CIHL-Cumulative Index of Hospital Literature; CLML—Current List of Medical Literature; EM—Excerpta Medica; lABS-International Abstracts of Biological Sciences; IM—Index Medicus; NA-Nutrition Abstracts items marked with an asterisk (•) have not been verified. 100 DRUG LITERATURE 305 Farmoceutico-Bioqulmica Lima. Peru Ceased publication 306 Farmaceutico Brasileira Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Ceased publication 307 Farmocevtisk Tidende Dansk Farmaceutforening, 20 Stormgade, Copenhagen 5, Denmark W; S, B; CA 308 Farmaceutiskt Notisblad See Farmaseuttinen Aikakauslehtl. Farmaceulisk Notisblad 309 Farmaceutski Glainik Masarykova ul. 2/11, Zagreb, Yugoslavia M; S, N; CA 310 Farmaceutsko Drustvo N R Srbije, Sekcija Javnih Apoteka, Bilten Zeleni venae 1/1, Beograd, Yugoslavia 6x/yr. 311 Formacevtsk Revy Vollingatan 26 (IV), Stockholm C, Sweden W; S, N, B, L; CA, BA 312 Formacevtsk! Vestnik Zoloska cesta broj 2, Ljubljana, Yugoslavia M; S,- CA 313 Farmaci e Farmacie Societa Prodotti Antibiotici, Milano, Italy Ceased publication 314 Farmacia Ministerului Tronsporturilor ;i TelecomunicatUlor, Diretcia Centrals a Oifuzdrii }i Expedierii Presei, Calei Victoriei, nr, 12, Bucharest, Rumania BM; S; CA 315 t Farmacia Associazione Sindicale dei Farmacisti Proprietari, Via in Miranda, 10, Rome, Italy I,- Probably discontinued 316 Farmacia Apartado Postal 92, Son Jose, Costa Rica Q; S, B 317 (Bratislava, Czechoslovakia) Title changed to Farmaceuticky Obzor which See 318 Farmacia Argentina Ceased publication 319 Farm6cia do Brasil Rua da Qultando 20. Sobrelojo 501, 5* and., Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Q; Probably discontinued 320 Farmacia Chilena Santiago, Chile Ceased publication 321 Farmacia Cubana Comoro Mercantil de la Republ.ca de Cuba, Havana, Cuba I; Probably discontinued 322 Farmacia Moderna, La Conterbury Press, 2001 Calumet Ave., Chicogo 16, III., U.SA Ceased publication 323 Farmacia Nueva Atocha 25, Madrid, Spain M; S, N; CA, BA 324 Farmacia Nuova Ed. Minerva Medica, Corso Bramante 83-5, Torino, Italy M; B, N 325 Farmacia Peruana Ceased publication 326 Farmacia Profesional* Apartado 1062, Panama, Panama 327 Farmacia y Quimico Casilla de Correo 2568, Lima, Peru I; S; CA 328 Farmacia Rurale* Visone d'Acqui, Italy 329 Farmacista via Pabstro 75, Roma, Italy M; B, O 330 Farmacista Italiano Bollettino Mensile del Sindacato Nazionale Fascisto dei Farmacisti Ceased publication 331 Farmocja Polska Dluga 16, Warszawa, Poland F; B, S; CA, IABS 332 Farmaco, Edizione Practica Instituto di Chimica Farmaceutico, Via Taramelli N 2, Pavia, Italy M; S; CA, CLML, AWM, BA, BIP, IM 333 Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica Instituto di Chimica Farmaceutico, Via Taramelli N 2, Pavia, Italy M; S; CA, CLML, AWM, BA, BIP, IM 334 Farmaco Scienza e Tecnica Name changed to II Farmaco which is issued In two sections, Edizione Practica and Edizione Scientifica, which See 335 Farmacodonto Directorio Academico "Oswaldo" Cruz," SSo Lufs, Maranhao, Brazil Probably discontinued 336 Farmacodontologia Gremio Coelho e Souza da Faculdade Farm6cia e Odontologia de Man6os, Brazil Probably discontinued 337 Farmacognosia Instituto Jose Celestino Mutis, Serrano 119, Madrid, Spain 4x/yr; S; CA, CLML, IM, BA DRUG LITERATURE 101 338 Farmacologla* Guatemala, Guatemala 339 F6rmacos Suplementos Calle Guetaria, 1, San Sebastidn, Spain M &Q;L 340 Farmacoterapla Actual Alberto Aguilera 10, Madrid, Spain Probably discontinued 341 Farmocum Rua Jos* Bonificio, 110, 2' Sobreloja, si. 12, San Paulo, Brazil M,- Probably discontinued 342 Farmokeutikon Deltion Pan Hellenic Pharmaceutical Assoc., Cholcococondyli Street, Athens I, Greece M; B. N 343 Farmakeutikon Deltion, Scientific Edition Pan Hellenic Pharmaceutical Assoc., Cholcococondyli, Athens 1, Greece SA; S 344 Farmakolog TOrkiye Eczacilar Cemiyeti, Sirkeci, Arahan No. 27, Istanbul, Turkey M; Probably discontinued 345 Farmakologiya Novykh lekarstvennykh Sreditv [Pharmacology of New Drugs) Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel'stvo MeditslnskoT Literatury, Moskva, U.S.S.R. _;S;CA 346 Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (See also Pharmacology and Toxicology) Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel'stvo MeditsinskoT Literatury, Moskva, U.S.S.R. BM; S; CA, CLML, EM, IM, BA 347 Farmakoterapeuticke Zpravy Spofa, Huslneck6 11, Praha II, Czechoslovakia BM 348 Farmokoterapi Olov Bjornson, Nyegaard and Co., A/S (Nyco), Oslo, Norway Q; S; CA 349 Farmalecta Elena Pennlni, Ave. Liberatador Gral. San Martin 8250, Buenos Aires, Argentina Apparently discontinued 350 Farmaseuttinen Aikakauslehti. Farmaceutisk Notisblad [Printed In Finn, and Swed. with Eng. and Ger. summaries) Mrs. Kerttu Peldan, Joutsen Apteekkl. Lapinlahdenkatu 1, Helsinki, Finland M; S; CA 351 Farmotsevt Sofiya, Bulgaria Ceased publication 352 FormatsevtichniT Zhurnal (Pharmaceutical Journal) Derzhavne Medichne Vidavnitstvo U.S.S.R., Kominterny 16, Kiev. Ukr. S.S.R. BM; S,- CA; (Printed in Ukrainian) 353 Farmatsiya Medgiz, Petrovka 12, Moskva, U.S.S.R. Ceased publication. Continued as Aptechnoe delo 354 Farmatsiya Sofiya, Bulgaria Durzhovno Izdatelstvo "Meditsina i Fizkultura," Sofiya, Bulgaria BM; S; CA 355 Federal Pharmacist Federal Wholesale Druggists Assoc, of the U. S. and Canada, 2 Lexington Ave., New York 10, N.Y., U.S.A. M; B 356 Federation Francoise des Amicales de Pharmaciens de Reserve (Bulletin Trimestriel de la) Henri Bonnemain, 23, rue Beautreillis, Paris (4*), France 4x/yr.; B, O 357 Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel Industrieverlag von Hernhaussen KG., RSdingsmarkt 24, Hamburg 11, Germany M; S, A; CA 358 Fitoterapia Via Ripamonti 99, Milano, Italy Q; S; CA 359 Florida State Pharmaceutical Association Journal Fort Myers, Florida, U.S.A. M;0, N 360 Folia Pharmoceuptica Mailk ZAfir, Goztepe Ortabahr sok No. 16, Istanbul, Turkey I; S; CA, BA 361 Folia Pharmacologica Japonica See Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 362 Food, Drug, Cosmetic Law Journal Commerce Clearing House, Inc., 4025 W. Peterson Ave., Chicago 30, III., U.S,A. M; O. CA 363 Food, Drug, Cosmetic Law Reporter Commerce Clearing House, Inc., 4025 W. Peterson Ave., Chicogo ABBREVIATIONS - frequency of issue: A—annually; BM—bimonthly; ca.-approximately; F—fortnightly; 4x/yr., etc.—4 times a year; I—irregularly; M—monthly; Q—quarterly; SA-semi-annually; SM—semi-monthly; W—weekly type of periodical: A—abstracts or reviews; B—business or professional; D—documentation; H—historical; L—lists of new drugs; N—news; O—official or legal; S-scientific where indexed or abstracted: AWM-Abstracts of World Medicine; BA-Biological Abstracts; BIP-Bulletin de Ilnstitut Pasteur; BPI-Business Period- icals Index; CA-Chemical Abstracts; CIHL-Cumulative Index of Hospital Literature; CLML—Current List of Medical Literature; EM—Excerpta Medica; lABS-Intemational Abstracts of Biological Sciences; IM-Index Medicus; NA-Nutrition Abstracts items marked with an asterisk (•) have not been verified. 102 DRUG LITERATURE ^.IBilOGIMFICn ^1tllAC£UTICn 4 PHORMIICEUTIQUE 364 Fordham Pharmacist Fordham University, College of Pharmacy, Fordham 58. N.Y., U.S.A. ca. 4x/yr; N 365 Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung (Progress In Drug Research) Birkhfiuser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland und Stuttgart, Germany A; S;CA 366 Fortschritte der Chemotherapie Lieserbrucke, Austria I; Probably discontinued 367 Loboratoires Clevenot, Nogentsur-Marne, France Temporarily discontinued 368 France Pharmacie 24, rue Chaptal, Paris 9e, France M; B, BIP 369 France et ses Parfums Societe d'Edltion de Parfumerie et de Cosm6tologie, 7, place Antonin-Poncet, Lyon, France BM; S, B, N, H; CA 370 Future Pharmacist British Pharmaceutical Students' Association, Thomas Waide & Sons, Ltd., 25 Oxford St., London W 1, U.K. 3x/yr.; B, N, O 371 Galenica Acta Facultad de Farmacia, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain 4x/yr.; S; CA 372 Gazeta de Farmdcia Caixa Postal 428, Lisboo, Portugal Ceased publication 373 Gazeta da Farm6cia Rua da Conceicdo 31, 3° and., Rio de Janeiro, Brazil M; B. N 374 Gazette des Hopitaux Civils et Militaires 49, rue S. Andre des Arts, Paris 6e, France 3x/M; _; AWM, BIP, EM 375 Gazzetta Farmaceutico Studio Farmaceutico Scalar!, Milano, Italy M; B 376 Georgia Pharmacist University of Georgia. School of Pharmacy, Athens, Go., U.S.A. A; N 3 Dosho-machl, Hlgashl-ku, 377 Gekhan Shionoge Shionogi Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha, Osaka, Japan Ceased publication 378 Geschichte der Pharmazie Birkenwoldstr. 44, Stuttgart, Germany Q; H Gesundheitspolitische Umschau Vereinigt mit das freie deutsch Aerzteblatt Albert Amann, Magalinenstrasse 16, Miinchen 19, Germany M 380 Gifu Yakka Daigaku Kiyo Gifu College of Pharmacy, 3-Ch6me, Kokonoe, Gifu, Japan A; S; CA 381 Giornale Italiano di Chemioterapia Societa Italiana di Chemioterapia, Via Darwin 20, Milano, Italy 4x/yr.; S; CLML, CA, IM 382 Glaxo Topics Glaxo Laboratories, Greenford, Middles* BM; N, O 383 Glycerine News U. K. Glycerine E.C.4., U.K. BM; N England, U.K. s' Association, 5, Bridewell Place, Londo 384 Giiia Terapeutica de Cuba. [Archivos Medicos de Cuba] Havana, Cuba Ceased publication 385 Gyogyszeresz Title changed to Gy6gyszereszet which See 386 Gy6gyszereszet Puskln utca 11-13, Budapest 8, Hungary M; S; CLML, CA; In Hungarian with English and German summar 387 Gyogyszereszeti Refer6l6 szemle Orvostudomanyi Dokumentacios Kozpont, Budapest, Hungary DRUG LITERATURE 103 388 Hamilton County Pharmacist HToh"o,CUUsn.A. Pharm°"U"cal A"«' 32° Broadway, Cincinnati M; N, B 389 Harokeach Haivri [The Hebrew Pharmacist) The Pharmaceutical Association of Israel, 6 Rothschild Blvd., Tel Aviv, Israel BM; S, B; CA 390 Haury Briefe fur den Arzt Haury Chemische Fabrik, Roemerstrasse 26, Miinchen, 23, Germany M 391 Hebrew Pharmacist P. O. Box 52, Tel Aviv, Israel BM; B 392 Helvetica Chimica Acta Verlog Helvetica Chimica Acta, Basel, Switzerland 6-8 x/yr.; S; CA, BA, NA 393 Helvetica Physiologica et Pharmacologica Acta Benno Schwabe Verlag Steinentorstrosse 13, Basel 10, Switzerland Q; S; CA, CLML, AWM, BA, BIP, EM, NA, IM, IABS 394 Herba* Bloemsingel 10, Gronlngen, Netherlands I 395 Here's News Djakarta, Indonesia Ceased publication 396 Hindustan Antibiotics Bulletin Pimpri, Poona Dt, India Q; S, B; CA, BA 397 Hoshi Yakka Daigaku Kiyo [The Annual Report of the Hoshi College of Pharmacy) Hoshi College of Pharmacy, Ebara 2-chdme 320, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan A; S; CA 398 Hospital Pharmacist Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists, 49 Lansdowne Ave. South, Gait, Ontario, Canada BM; S, B, N, O; CIHL 399 Hyoyakukai (Journal of Pharmaceutical Association of Hyogo) Hyogoken Yokuzaishi Kyokai, 9-3 ChAme Tsukamoto-dori, Hyogoku, Kobe, Japan M; S; CA 400 Hypertenso-Vascular Progress Ciba Pharmaceutical Products, Inc., Summit, N.J . U.S.A. 1; Ceased publication I 401 IPSF [International Pharmaceutical Students' Federation! News Bulletin c/o Anton Damen, Spaargarenstroat 26, Oegstgeest, Leiden, The Netherlands 5 x/yr; N, O 402 I.V. Briefs Cutter Laboratories, 4th and Parker Sts., Berkeley 10, Calif, USA Q; A 403 Idaho State Pharmaceutical Association Confidential Newsletter James J. Lynch, Sec'y, 416 McCarty Bldg., Boise, Idoha, U.S.A. ca. 12/yr; N, O 404 Illinois Drug Progress See Drug Progress 405 Illinois Pharmacist Illinois Pharmaceutical Assoc., 222 W. Adams St.. Chicogo 6 Illinois, U.S.A. M; O, B, N 406 In Brief Pfizer and Company, Inc., Chemical Sales Division, Brookh/n, N.Y.. U.S.A. Q;A 407 In Pharmation Cincinnati College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A. Ceased publication 408 Indian Journal of Pharmacy Indian Pharmaceutical Assoc., Kalom Kutir, 213-219 Frere Road, Fort, Bombay 1, India M; O, A, N, S; CA, AWM, BA 409 Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology Dr. H. I. Jhala, Director, Haffkine Institute, Bombay, 12, India Q; S; BA, IABS 410 Indian Pharmacist Plndars Ltd., 7 Lower Rawdon St., Calcutta, India Ceased publication 411 Indian Soap Journal P-ll Mission Row Extension, Calcutta 1, West Bengal, India M; S; CA 412 Indiana Pharmacist 54 Monument Circle, Indianapolis 4, Ind., U.S.A. M; N, L, O, B 413 Industria Farmaceutico y Bioqufmica Sociedad Uroguaya de Farmacia y Bioquimlca Industrials!; Justo Emilio Menes, Editor, Cuareim 1431, Montevideo, Uruguay A; S, N ABBREVIATIONS - frequency of issue: A-annually; BM-bimonthly; ca.-approximately; F-fortnightly; 4xyyr., etc.-4 times a year; I-irregularly; M-monthly; Q-quarterly; SA-seini-annually; SM-semi-monthly; W-weekly type of periodical: A-abstracts or reviews; B-business or professional; D—documentation; H-historical; L-lists of lew drugs, N- news; O-official or legal; S—scientific where indexed or abstracted: AWM-Abstracts of World Medicine; BA-Biological Abstracts; BIP-Bulletin de I'lnstitut Pasteur; BPI-Business Period- icals Index; CA—Chemical Abstracts; CIHL-Cumulative Index of Hospital Literature; CLML—Current List of Medical Literature; EM—Excerpta Madiea; IABS-Intemational Abstracts of Biological Sciences; IM-Index Medicus; NA-Nutrition Abstracts Items marker! with an asterisk (*) have not nccu verified. 97-201 O - 63 - 8 104 DRUG LITERATURE 414 Industrio Farmaceutico Venezoksna R. Rodriguez Navarro, Avenida Los Mangos. Qulnlo Coyupo. La Florida. Aportados de Correos 992 y 2282, Carocas, Venezuela Ceased publication 415 Industria dei Farmaci Associazione Nazionale Degli Industrial! del Prodotti Chimko- Farmaceutici, Roma, Italy M; B 416 Industrial Chemist and Chemical Manufacturer 33 Tothill St, Westminster. London S.W. I, U.K. M; S; CA, BA 417 Information Farmaceutico Edkiones Profesionates S.A., Hamburgo 31-4, Mexico 6, D.F., Mexico 418 Informociones de Antibiotkos Antibiotkos, S. A., Castellana 8, Madrid, Spain I; Probably discontinued 419 Informociones Teropeutkas Gramon Ramon [Gerardo] y Compania, Department Bibliografko, Buenos Aires, Argentina Ceased publication 420 Informativo Biblloteca. Focultad de Qulmica y Farmacia, Unlversldad, Monte- video, Avenue Gral Flores 2124, Uruguay Probably discontinued 421 International Antibiotics News Bulletin Pfizer International Service Co., Medical Service Dept., 25 Broad St., New York 4, N.Y., U.S.A. I; Probably discontinued 422 International Pharmaceutical Review See Journal Mondial de Pharmacie Iowa Pharmacist 540 Des Moines Building, Des Moines 9, Iowa, U.S.A. M; O, N, B 424 Irish Chemist and Druggist 11/13 Findlater Place, Dublin, Ireland M; B, N 425 [Izdaniia] Berezotochskoi Ukrainskoi Opytnoi Stantsii Lekorstvennykh Rastenii* [Ukrainian Medkinal Plants) Berezotochskaia Ukrainskala Opytnaia Stantslla Lekorstvennykh Rastenii, Lubki, U.S.S.R. 426 Ixvanredna lzdon|a Farmakoloikog Instituto u Zogrebu (Extraordinary Editions of Institute of Pharmacology In Zagreb) Farmakoloikog Inst, u Zogrebu, Zagreb. Yugoslavia Ceased publication. Printed In Crootion with abstracts In English. Jahresbericht Physiologic und Experimentally Pharmakotogle Berlin, Germany Ceased publication 428 Jahresbericht der Pharmazle Ceased publication 429 Japanese Journal of Pharmacognosy See ShAyakugaku Zasshl 430 Japanese Journal of Pharmacology Foculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshido Konoecho, Sakyo, ku, Kyoto, Japan SA, S, CA, CLML, IM, BA, IABS, BIP 431 Japanese Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry See Yakugaku Kenkyu 432 Jikken Chiryo 2-27 Dosho-machl, Higashi-ku, Osaka, Japan M; S 433 Jornal dos Farmaceuticos Title changed to Revlsta Portuguese de Farmacia which See 434 Jornal dos Farmaceuticos do Ultramar* P. O. Box 1535 or 344, Mozambique 435 Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association 2215 Constitution Ave., N.W., Washington 7, D.C., U.S.A. M; B. O, S; CA. AWM. BA, EM, NA, IM, CIHL 436 Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, Practical Phar- macy Edition Title changed to Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Associa- tion whkh See 437 Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, Scientific Edition Title changed to Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences which See 438 Journal of Antibiotics, Series A Japan Antibiotics Research Association, 264 Chojamaru, Kamlosakl, Shinagawo-ku, Tokyo, Japan BM; S; CA, CLML, BA, IM, NA DRUG LITERATURE 105 439 Journal of Antibiotks, Series B Japan Antibiotics Research Association. 264 Chojamaru, Komlosoki. Shlnagawo-ku, Tokyo, Japan BM; S; CA. BA. NA 440 Journal of Chemotherapy and Advanced Therapeutics Merged into What's New which See 441 Journal of the Cleveland Academy of Pharmacy See Cleveland Academy of Pharmacy Journol 442 Journal du Droguiste-herboriste I, Place St.-Etienne, Strasbourg, France Journal of the Japan Pharmaceutical Association See Nihon Yakuzaishi Kyokal Zasshi 444 Journal of the Korean Pharmaceutical Association Korean Pharmaceutical Association, 103 Kwan-Chul Dong, Chong- No Ku, Seoul, Korea M; S, B 445 Journal of Medicinal and Pharmaceutkal Chemistry See Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 446 Journal of Medicinal Chemistry American Chemkal Society, 1155 16th. N.W., Washington 6, DC U.S.A. BM,- S, CA, IM, IABS, BIP 447 Journal Mondial de Pharmacie (International Pharmaceutical Review; World Journal of Pharmacy) Federation Internationale Pharmoceutique, Dr. J.H.M. Winters, Gen- eral Secretory, Alexanderstraat II, s'Gravenhage, -Netherlands; W.K. Fitch, Editor, 17 Bloomsbury Sq. W.C. 1 London, Q;0, B 448 Journal of the National Pharmaceutical Association Howard University College of Pharmacy, Washington 1. DC, U.S.A. Q;B, S 449 Journal of New Drugs 600 Madison Avenue, New York 21, N.Y., U.S.A. BM, S 450 Journal of the New Hampshire Pharmaceutical Association Association Central Office, 17 Grove St., Peterborough, N.H., U.S.A. M.-O 451 Journal of the New Orleans College of Pharmacy Loyola University, New Orleans 18, La., U.S.A. Q;0, N Journal of Pharmaceutical Association of Hyogo See Hyoyakukal 453 Journal of the Phari See Journol of the aceutical Association of Siam Pharmaceutical Association of Thailand • Journal of the Pharmaceutical Association of Thailand 1/3 Saladaeng, Bangkok, Thailand BM; S, CA; (in English and Thoi) 455 Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Amerkan Pharmaceutkal Association, 2215 Constitution Ave., N.W., Washington 7, D.C, U.S.A. M; S; CA, IM, BA, EM, NA 456 Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences of the United Arab Republk Edited by the Pharmaceutical Society, published and distributed by the National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. Editorial Secretory, Dor El-Hikma, 42, Kasr El-Aini Street, Co ro. U A R SA; S; CA 467 Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan See Yakugaku Zasshi 458 Journal of the Pharmaceutkal Society of Nigeria A. A. Egboh, M.P.S.N., Editor, P.O. Box 456, Logos, Nigeria 4x/yr., B, N, O 459 Journal de Pharmacie de Bekjique Redoction et Administration, 11, Rue Archimede, Bruxelles 4, Belgium BM; S; CA. CLML, BA. EM, IM 460 Journal de Pharmacie et de Chimie Merged with Bulletin des Sciences Pharmacologlques to form Annales Pharmaceutiques Francoises 461 Journal of Pharmacology Kyoto, Japan Merged into Japanese Journal of Pharmacology whkh See 462 Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Williams 8. Wilkins Co., Mt. Royal and Guilford Aves., Baltimore 2, Md., U.S.A. M; S; BA, CA, IM, CLML, EM, AWM, BIP, IABS, NA 463 Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 17 Bloomsbury Square, London W.C. 1, U.K. M; S; BA, CA, CLML, IM, AWM, BIP, EM, IABS, NA Jourm! of the Philippine Pharmaceutical Association 2100 Rizal Ave. Corner Tayabas, Manila, Philippines M; S, B, O; CA, AWM 465 Journal of the Society of Cosmetk Chemists 404 Lothrop Rd., Grosse Polnte Farms 36, Mkh., and Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Great Britain, 54 Woodlands, London, N.W. II, U.K. 9x/yr.; S, N, O; CA ABBREVIATIONS • frequency of issue: A—annually; BM-bimonthly; ca. -approximately; F—fortnightly; 4x/yr., etc—4 times a year; I—irregularly; M-monthly; Q-quarterly; SA-semi-annually; SM-semi-monthly; W—weekly type of periodical: A-abstracts or reviews; B—business or professional; D—documentation; H-historical; L—lists of new drugs; N—news; O—official or legal; S-sdentJiic where indexed or abstracted: AWM-Abstracts of World Medicine; BA-Biological Abstracts; BIP-Bulletin de I'lnstitut Pasteur; BPI-Business Period- icals Index; CA-Chemical Abstracts; CIHL-CumulatJve Index of Hospital Literature; CLML-Current List of Medical Literature; EM-Excerpta Medica; IABS-IntematJonal Abstracts of Biological Sciences; IM-Index Medicus; NA-Nutrition Abstracts Items marked with an asterisk (*) have not been verified. 106 DRUG LITERATURE PHARMACY PERIODICALS a Q Stemitd' ^"0 ;«n pharmraiflca 466 K.P.A. News Kansas Pharmaceutical Association, 824 Kansas Avenue, Topeka, Kons., U.S.A. M, N. O 467 Kagaku Ryoho (Chemotheropia) Koken Kagaku Kabushikl Kaisha, 31 Kamifujlmaecho, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan I 468 Kagoku Ryoho KenkyOsho IhS Kagoku Ryoho Kenkyusho, 3-2, 418 Konodoi-machi, Ichikawashi, Chiba-ken, Japan A; S; CA 469 Kanazawo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Report Kanazawa, Japan A; S; (Contents and summaries in English) 477 Krankenhaus-Apotheker (Supplement to Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung) Arbeltsgemeinschaft deutschen Krankenhausopotheker, Birkenwald- strasse 44, Stuttgart, Germany I; S; CA 478 Kumamoto Pharmaceutical Bulletin Pharmaceutical Faculty, Univ. of Kumamoto, Ohemachi, Kumamoto, Japan I; S, A; CA; (Mostly English) 479 Kyoto Yakka Daigaku GakuhB (Bulletin of the Kyoto College of Pharmacy) Kyoto Yakka Daigaku, 5 Yamashina-Goryfi Nakauchimachi, Hlgo- shiyamo-ku, Kyoto, Japan A; S; CA 480 Kyushu Yakugakkai Kaiho* (Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Kyushu) c/o Kumamoto Daigaku Yakugakubu, Oe-machl, Kumamoto, Japan Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Kansas Pharmaceutical Association News See K.P.A. News 471 Kentucky Pharmacist 335 W. Main St., Frankfort, Ky., U.S.A. M; N. B, O 472 Khimiya i Meditsina Vsesoiuznyi Nauchno-lssledovatel'skii Institut, Moskva, U.S.S.R. _; S; BA 473 Kinki Daigaku Yakugakubu Kh/8 (Bulletin of the Foculty of Pharmacy, Kinki University.) Faculty of Pharmacy, Kinki Univ.. 321 Kowakaye, Fuse City, Osaka Prefecture, Japan A, S, CA, (Printed in Japan, with Eng. summaries) 474 Kolektiv Delovni Kolektiv Tovarne Formacevtskih in Kemicnih Prolzvodov'lekj, Ljubljana, Yugoslavia M 475 Kolloid-Zeitschrifl Verlag von Dr. Dietrich Steinkopff, Holzhofallee 35, Darmstadt, Germany M; S; CA 476 Kosmetik-Parfum-Drogen Rundschau fur Industrie Handel und Gewerbs Postfach 225, Innsbruck, Austria I; S; CA 481 Labo-Pharma 5 bis, rue de Berri, Paris 8e, France M; S, B, CA 482 Lebanese Pharmaceutical Journal Redacteur en Chief, Order des Pharmaciens du Liban, B.P. 2807, Beirut, Lebanon SA; S; CA 483 Lederle Bulletin Lederle Laboratories Division, American Cyanamid Co., New York, N.Y., U.S.A. Suspended publication 484 Lekovite Sirovine, Zbornik Radova Medicinska Velika Skola, Institut za Farmakognoziju, Viseyradska 26, Beograd, Yugoslavia I; Probably discontinued 4B5 Libre Pha Comite National des Pharmaciens, 4, Avenue Ruysdaet, Paris Be, France M; B 486 Libres Theropeutiques Amlcale des Anclens du Perron, 18 rue Mulet, Lyon, France M 487 Literatur-Dienst Deutsche Hoffmann-La Roche A. G„ Grenzach I. B., Germany M DRUG LITERATURE 107 KV.MA.«»uei Manufacturing Chemist _rr^_ HiIh:ihij.j:i»ihi?h Lloydio The Lloyd Library and Museum and the American Society of Pharm- acognosy; Lloydia, 309 West Court Street, Cincinnati 2, Ohio, U.S.A. 489 Louisiana Pharmacist Suite 208 Marine Bldg., 219 Corondelet Street, New Orleans 12 La., U.S.A. M;N, O 490 Lyon Pharmoceutique Association Amicole des Etudiants en Pharmacie, 3, rue des Halles, Trevoux, France M;S;CA 491 Malayan Pharmaceutical Journal C. F. Young, P.O. Box 664, Singapore, Malaya Ceased publication 492 M & B Laboratory Bulletin May and Baker, Ltd., Dogenham, England, U.K. I; S; CA M & B Pharmaceutical Bulletin May and Baker, Ltd., Dagenham, England, U.K. M; N. O, H 494 M & C-O-Gram* Mytlnger & Casselberry, Inc., Long Beach, Calif., U.S.A. 495 Manufacturing Chemist The Tower, Brook Green Road, Hammersmith London, W.6, U.K. M; S, N; CA 496 Martin's Chemists' and Druggists' Bulletin See Pharmaceutical Record 497 Maryland Pharmacist 650 West Lombard St., Baltimore 1, Md., U.S.A. M; O. N. S 498 The Mask of Kappa Psi Pharmaceutical Fraternity Nicholas W. Fenney, Editor, 62 Broadfield Road, Hamden 17, Conn., U.S.A. Q; N, A 499 Massachusetts College of Pharmacy Bulletin 179 Longwood Ave., Boston 15, Mass., U.S.A. Q; N 500 Materia Medica Nordmark Nordmark-Werke G.m.b.H., Hamburg, Germany M; S 501 Materia Therapeutica Dr. Kutiok Kutlak und Compagnio, Wien, 111/40, Austria M 502 Materiae Vegetabiles See Qualitas Plantarum et Materiae Vegetobiles 503 Meddelelser fra Norsk Farmaceutisk Selskap Sandakervn 103, Oslo, Norway ca. M, S; CA, BA 504 La Medecine, la Chlrurgie, la Pharmacie et lours Services dans la Defense Nationale L'Union Nationale des Officiers de Reserve. 17, Paris Ier, France A; B, N, O, S de I'Opera, 505 Medecine Tropicale tcole d'Application et Centre destruction et de Recherche du Service de Sont* des Troupes d'Ourre Mer, Pare du Pharo, Marseille 7, France BM; S; CA 506 Medical Horizons Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, Route 10, Honcer. N.J., C.S.A. Ceased publication 507 Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics Drug and Therapeutic Information, 136 E. 57th St., New York 22, NY., U.S.A. F;L,B ABBREVIATIONS - ireaaency of issue: A—annually; BM—bimonthly; ca.-approximately; F—fortnightly; 4x/yr., etc—4 times a year; I—iiTegularfy; M-monthly; Q—quarterly; SA-semi-annually; SM—semi-monthly; W—weekly type of periodical: A—abstracts or reviews; B—business or professional; D- documentation; H-historical; L—lists of new drugs; N—news; O—official or legal; S-scientific where indexed or abstracted: AWM-Abstracts of World Medicine; BA-Bioloeital Abstracts; BIP-Bulletin de I'lnstitut Pasteur; BPI-Business Period- icals Index; CA-Chemical Abstracts; CIHL-Cumulative Index of Hospital Literature; CLML-Current List of Medical Literature; EM—Excerpta Medica; IABS—International Abstracts of Biological Sciences; IM-Index Medicus; NA-Nutrition Abstracts items marked with an asterisk (•) have not been verified. 108 DRUG LITERATURE Medical Observer and Chemotherapy Review See Chemotherapy Review 509 Medical Products, A Survey of Theropeutk Agents for the Busy Physkian Professional Surveys, Inc.. P. O. Box 1040. Grond Central Station, New York 17, N.Y., U.S.A. M 510 Medical Trends Orgonon Inc.. Orange, N.J., U.S.A. Q; S 511 Medicamenta Rios Rosas 37, Madrid. Spain SM; S; AWM. EM, NA 512 Medkamentos de Actualidad Apartado de Correos 540, Barcelona, Spain Q; L, S; (Card format) 513 Medkamundi NV Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken, Eindhoven, Netherlands Q; S, CLML. IM 514 Medkina, Cirurgia, Farmacia Coixa Postal 2933, Rio de Janeiro, Argentina M, S; CLML, AWM, EM, CA, BA 515 Medicinal Chemistry; A Series of Reviews John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 440 4th Ave., Nevr York 16, N.Y., U.S.A. I; S; BA 516 Meditiinskaya Promyshiennost' S.S.S.R. [Medical Supplies Industry of the USSR] Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel'stvo MedislnskoT Literatury, Moskva, U.S.S.R. M; S, CA, IM, BA; (Contents in English) 517 Medizin und Chemie Verlog Chemie, Welnheim Bergstr., Germany I; S; CA 518 Memoria de las Actividades* Focultad de Quimka y Farmacia, Universidad de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay -;S 519 Memoria de la Asambleo General Farmaceutico de El Salvador* San Salvador, El Salvador 520 Merck Memo to Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Merck and Company, Inc., Rahway, N. J., U.S.A. ca. Q; S 521 Merck Report Ceased publication. Continued as Seminar Report which See 522 Msrck Review* Merck and Company, Inc., Rahway, N.J., U.S.A. 523 Merck's, E., Jahresbericht iiber Neuerungen auf den Gebieten der Pharmakotherapie und Pharmazie Verlag Chemie G.m.b.H., Haupstrasse 127, (17a) Weinhelm/Bergstr., Germany Ceased publication 524 Mexico Farmaceutico Av. Uruguay No. 35, Mexico, D. F. F, N 525 Meyer Druggist Ceased publication 526 Michigan Drug Journal Detroit Retail Druggists Association, Kales Building, 76 West Adams. Detroit 26, Mich., U.S.A. M; N, B 527 Michigan Pharmacist Michigan State Pharmaceutical Association, 1812 Michigan National Tower, Lansing, Mich., U.S.A. M; B, N, O 528 Mid-Atlantic Apothecary 376 Boylston St., Boston 16, Mass., U.S.A. M, N, B, S 529 Mid-Atlantic Pharmacist Title changed to Mid-Atlantic Apothecary which See 530 Midland Druggist Ceased publication 531 Midwestern Druggist Room C, 6550 Troost Ave., Kansas City 10, Mo., U.S.A. M; N 532 Military and Pharmaceutical Review See Vosjnosanltetski Preglad 533 Minerva Farmaceutico Ed. Minerva Medica, Corso Bramante 83, Torino 314, Italy M; N. H; CLML. IM. BA 534 Minnesota Pharmacist 2388 University Ave., St. Paul 4, Minn., U.S.A. M; O, N, L 535 Mises au Point de Chimie Anaiytique Pure et Appliquoe et d'Anofyse Bromatologique Masson et Cle., Librares de I'Acad. de Medecine, 120 Boulevard Saint-Germain, Paris 6e, France l;S;CA 536 Missouri Pharmacist 601 Central Trust Building, Jefferson City, Mo., U.S.A. M; O, N, L 537 Mitteilungen der Deutschen Pharmazeutischen Gesellschaft [Supplement to Archiv der Pharmazie) Verlag Chemie, G.m.b.H., Haupstrasse 127, (17a) Welnheim/- Bergstr., Germany M; O, S; CLML, IM 538 Mitteilungen aus dem Gebiete der Lebensmftteluntersuchung und Hygiene Eidg. Gesundheitsomt, Bern, Switzerland I; S, IM 539 Mitteilungen International Society for the History of Pharmacy See Zur Geschlchte der Pharmazie DRUG LITERATURE 109 540 Modon Terapii (The Modern Therapy) Modan Teropii-sha. 3-20 Dosho-mochi. Higa.hi-ku, Osaka. Japan Ceased publication 541 Modern Drugs Supplement to Modern Drug Encyclopedia Reuben H. Donnelley Corp., 466 Lexington Ave., New York 17, N.Y, U.S.A. M; L. A; CA, BA 542 Modern Pharmacy Parke, Davis *« Co., Detroit 32, Mich., U.S.A. Ceased publication 543 Modern Treatment Year Book Bailliere, Tindall & Cox, Ltd., 7-8 Henrietta St., Covent Garden, London, U.K. A; S 544 Moderne* Societe Parisienne d'Expan sion Chimique, Istar ibul, Turkey 545 Momento Farmaceutico Sr. Affifo Abdo. Francisco, Janeiro, Argentina Rua do Mexico 45, gri ipo 1007, Rio di 1; S; CA 546 Momento Sanitario Istituto Nazionale Assistenza Consulenza Farmaceutico, Milano, Italy l;N 547 Monatsbericht der Interkantonalen Kontrollstelle fur Heilmittel Interkantonale Kontrollstelle fur Heilmittel, Erlachstrasse 8. Bern, Switzerland M;L, O 548 Moniteur des Pharmacies et des Laboratoires 51, rue de Vivienne, Paris 2e, France BM; B 549 Monitor de la Farmacia y de la Terapeutka Farmacia 6, Madrid, 4, Spain SM; S, N; CA, AWM, BA 550 Monographs on Therapy Ceased publication 551 Monthly Bulletin Di Cyan & Brown, 12 E. 41st St., New York 17, N.Y.. U.S.A M, B; CA N 553 N.A.B.P. Bulletin 77 West Washington St.. Chicogo 2. III., U.S.A. Q; N, O 554 N.A.R.D. Journol National Assoc, of Retail Druggists, 205 West Wacker Drive, Chi- cago 6, III., U.S.A. BM; N, O 555 N Y Cues New York Quinine and Chemical Works, 50 Church St., New York, N.Y., U.S.A. I;S 556 Naarden News* N. V. Chemische Fabriek "Naarden," Postbox 2, Bussum, Nether- lands -; S 557 Nagoya Shiritsu Daigaku Yakugakubu Kiya (Bulletin of the Nagoya City University Pharmaceutical School) Nagoya Shiritsu Daigaku Yakugakubu. 1 Hagiyama-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan A; S; CA 558 National Capital Pharmacist Suite 5, United Bldg., 145 Kennedy St., N.W., Washington 11, D.C., U.S.A. M; O, N, L 559 National Drug Clerk Ceased publication 560 National Druggist Ceased publication 561 National Formulary Bulletin See Drug Standards 562 National Merchandiser 442 St. Gabriel St., Montreal, P.Q., Canada 9x/yr.; N, B 563 Naturwissenschaften Springer Verlag, Berlin W 35, W. Berlin, Germany SM; S; CA, BA 564 Nouchno-prakticheskaio Informatsiio Tsentral'nogo Nauchnoissledovo- tel'skogo Aptechnogo Instituto* Moskva, U.S.S.R. 565 Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archiv fSr Experimented Pathologie und Pharmakologie See Archiv fur Experimented Pathologie und Pharmakologie Miinchener Medizinische Wochenschrifl J. F. Lehmann. Paul Heysestr. 26, Munchen 15, Germany W, S; IM, BA Nebraska Mortar and Pestle 414 Federal Securities Building. Lincoln 8. Neb.. U.S.* M; O, N, L ABBREVIATIONS - frequency of issue: A-annually; BM-bimonthly; ca. -approximately; F—fortnightly; 4x/yr., etc.—4 times a year; I—irregularly; M—monthly; Q— quarterly; SA—semi-annually; SM—semi-monthly; W—weekly type of periodical: A—abstracts or reviews; B—business or professional; D— documentation; H— historical; L—lists of new drugs; N-news; O—official or legal; S-sdenUfic where indexed or abstracted: AWM-Abstracts of World Medicine; BA-Biological Abstracts; BIP-Bulletin de I'lnstitut Pasteur; BPI-Business Period- icals Index; CA—Chemical Abstracts; CIHL—Cumulative Index of Hospital Literature; CLML-Current List of Medical Literature; EM—Excerpta Medica; IABS-Intemarional Abstracts of Biological Sciences; IM-Index Medicus; NA-Nutrition Abstracts items marked with an asterisk (*) have .sot been verified. 110 DRUG LITERATURE 567 Nederlondse Chemische Industrie N. V. Uitgeverbedrlff Reflex, Mathenesserlaon 310, Rotterdam, Netherlands SM; S; CA 568 Neue Apotheken-lllustrierte Govi-Verlog G.m.b.H., Frankfurt/Main, Germany Ceased publication 569 Neue Arzneimittel und Spezidlitaten Supplement to Deutsche Apotheker-Zeitung Stuttgart, Germany M; L; CA 570 New Drugs and Clinks See Shinyaku to Rinsh6 571 New Hampshire Pharmaceutical Association Journal 17 Grove St., Peterborough, N.H., U.S.A. M; N 572 New Jersey Journal of Pharmacy New Jersey Phormoceuticol Association, 118 West State St., Tren- ton 8, N.J , U.S.A. M; N. O 573 New Medical Materia 250 W. 55th St., New York 19, N.Y., U.S.A. M, LB 574 New Mexko Economk Poisons Control Office Report State University, University Park, N.M., U.S.A. A, S, O 575 New Preparations Ceased publkation 576 New Products Index Ceased publication 577 New Remedies See American Druggist 578 New York State Pharmacist New York State Pharmaceutical Assoc., 117 East 69th St., New York 21, N.Y., U.S.A. M, N, O 579 Niedersdchsische Apotheker Apothekerkammer Niedersachsen und der Niedersachsischen Apoth- ekerschaft, Verlag, Schwaier—Werbung, Marstollstraze 23, Hann- over, Germany M 580 Nihon Yakuho' Nlhon Yakuho Sho, Tokyo, Japan BM, S 581 Nihon Yakurigaku Zosshi Nihon Yokuri Gakhal, c/o Kyoto Daigaku Igakubu Yakurigaku Kyoshitsu, Yoshlda Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan 6x/yr., S, CA, AWM, IM 582 Nihon Yakuzaishi Kyokai Zasshi (Journal of the Japanese Pharmaceutical Association) Nihon Yakuzaishi Kyokai, Kojun Bldg., 6-4 Ginza, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan M, S, NA 583 Nippon Daigaku Yakugaku KenkyO Hokoku (Pharmaceutical Bulletin of the Nippon University) Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Technology, Nippon Univ., 1-8, Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan I; S; CA; (Printed in Japanese) 584 Nord Pharmoceutique 77, rue Nationale, Lille, Fronce Norges Apotekerforenings Tidsskrift Arbiensgate 3, Oslo, Norway BM; O; CA, BA 586 Norsk Farmaceutisk Tidsskrift L. Grensen 5, Oslo, Norway F; O, S 587 Northern California Drug News 223 Underwood Bldg., 525 Market St., San U.S.A. Ceased publication 588 Northern Ohio Druggist 1935 Euclid Ave., Cleveland 15, Ohio, U.S.A. M;N 589 Northwestern Druggist Bruce Publishing Co., 2642 Uni\ U.S.A. M; B, N lity Ave., St. Paul 14, Minn., 590 Notices of Judgment under the Federal Food, Drug, and CosmeHc Act, Drugs and Devices U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. l< O WAIUUCErHtU * LE PHARMACIES DE FRANCE l'll\K\IACIUIIC\L JOURNAL DRUG LITERATURE 111 591 Notkios Farmaceuticos Coimbra, Portugal Title changed to Boletim do Escola de Farmacia which to 592 --- Noticiero de Antibioticos, Edicion International Issued also In English os International Antibiotics News Bulletin which See 593 Notiser om nya laokemedel (Supplement to Farmocevtisk Revy, which See) 594 Notiziarlo Farmaceutico Aracne Edltrice, Vlo Marco Aurelio, 6, Milano, Italy SM; L 595 Nouveautes Medicaid Academia s.p.r.l., Bureau de Documentation Scientlfique, Gand Belgium M; A, L, S 596 Nouveautes Pharmaceutiques, Special issue of Le Pharmacien Rural Beaumont-de-Lomagne, France Ceased publication 597 Novye Lekorsrvennye Rasteniia Sibiri, ikh lechebnye Preparaty I Primenenie* [Siberian Medicinal Plants] Mediko-Biologicheskii Institut, Zapadno-Sibirskli Filial Akademii Nauk, SSSR, Novosibirsk, U.S.S.R. -; S; CA 598 NovyT Antibiotlk Binon, Hi Natrlevaya Sol UsninovoT Kisloty, Akade- miya Nauk S.S.S.R., Botanlcheskif Institut imeni V. I. Komarova (The New Antibiotic Bin„n, or the Sodium Salt of Usninic Acid, Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Botanical Institute named for V. L. Komarov) Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk S.S.S.R., Moskva, Leningrad, U.S.S.R. _;S;CA 599 Ny Tid og Vi Fredensborg, Denmark 600 Nytt och Nyttigt Haessle-Tika, Box 691, Gottebarg 6, Sweden 4x/yr. Directoria Academica da Faculdade de Odontologia e Farmdca do Universidade de Minas Gerais, Prajo da Liberdade, Belo Hori- zonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil 602 Oesterreichische Apothekerzeitung Spltolgasse 31, Wien 9, Austria W; S, B, O; CA 603 Offtcine Occitane 10, Rue du Senechal, Toulouse, France BM. B thio Pharmaceutkal Association Bulletin 33 N. High St., Columbus, Ohio, U.SA I; N 40 S. 3rd St., Columbus 15, Ohio Pharmacist Ohio State Pharmaceutical Assoc., Ohio, U.S.A. M; O, B, N 606 Oil, Paint ond Drug Reporter 30 Church St., New York 7. N.Y., U.S.A. W; N, O, CA, BPI 607 Oklahoma Pharmacist Box 510, Stillwater, Okla., U.S.A. M; N, O 608 Oregon Pharmacist 709 Jackson Tower, Portland, Ore., U.S.A. M; O, B, N 609 Oregon State Pharmaceutical Association Bulletin 709 Jackson Tower, Portland 5, Ore., U.S.A. I; N 610 Organo Centro de Investigaci6nes Qulmico-Farmoceuticos, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia Q; Probably discontinued 611 Ormoni e Vitamine Istituto Ganasslni, SPA., Milano, Italy I 612 Orvosl Szemle Medical Review Journol of the Tlrgu Mures Medical ond Phormoceuticol Institute and of the Tirgu Mures Branch of the RPR Society for Medical Science Orvosi Szemle, Universitatil Sir. 38, Tirgu Mures, Rumania Q; S, A; CA 613 Osmosi Casa Editrici G. Tasso, Corso Porta Nuova, 48, Milan, Italy Ceased publication 614 Over the Counter with Georgia Pharmacists Georgia Pharmacy Alumni Assoc., University of Georgia, Athens, Ga., U.S.A. 4x/yr.; N 615 P.A.R.D. Bulletin 2017 Spring Garden St.. Philadelphii M; B, O, N ABBREVIATIONS - frequency of issue: A—annually; BM—bimonthly; ca. -approximately; F— fortnightly; 4x/yr.. etc.—4 times a year; I—irregularly; M-monthly; Q-quarterly; SA-semi-annually; SM-semi-monthly; W-weekly type of periodical: A—abstracts or reviews; B—business or professional; D— documentation; H—historical; L—lists of new drugs; N— news; O—official or legal; S-scientJfic where indexed or abstracted: AWM-Abstracts of World Medicine; BA-Biological Abstracts; BIP-Bulletin de I'lnstitut Pasteur; BPI-Business Period- icals Index; CA-Chemical Abstracts; CIHL-Cumulative Index of Hospital Literature; CLML-Current List of Medical Literature; EM-Excerpta Medica; IABS-Intemational Abstracts of Biological Sciences; IM-Index Medicus; NA-Nutrition Abstracts Items marked with an asterisk (*) have ,»t been verified. 112 DRUG LITERATURE 616 PB Physkian's Bulletin Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis 6, Ind., U.S.A. Q. S 617 P. I. Ph. I. Bulletin* Persatuan Importir Pharmasl Indonesia, Djakarta, Indonesia 618 PMA Newsletter Phormoceuticol Manufacturers Assoc, 1411 K Street, N.W., Wash- ington. D.C., U.S.A. W, N. O 619 P Rxchange American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, 1507 M St., N.W., Washington 5, D.C.. U.S.A. Ceased publkation 620 Pocifk Drug Review See Western Pharmacy 621 Pages de I'Ordre Ordre des Pharmaciens, 46 rue de Brest, Lyon, France Q; Probably discontinued 622 Pogine di Terapio Instituto Sieroteroplco Milanese Serofino Belfanti In collaboration with the Comltoto Culturale of the Federazione Ordlnl Farmacisti Italian!, Milano, Italy Ceased publication 623 Panacea Philadelphia College of Pharmacy ond Science, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A. I, N 624 Parfumerie, Cosmetique, Savons 26, rue Saint-Dominique, Paris 7e, France M; S; CA 625 Parfumerie Moderns See France et ses Parfums 626 Penick Cues Penick [SB.] and Co., New York, N.Y., U.S.A. I, S 627 Pennsylvania Pharmacist Pennsylvania Pharmaceutical Assoc, 508 N. Third St., Harrlsburg, Po„ U.S.A. M; N. O, B 628 Perfumery and Essential Oil Record 33-34 Chiswell St., London E.C. 1, U.K. M; S, CA 629 Pestle and Mortar Apothecaries' Hall Dispensers' Assoc., London, U.K. Probably discontinued 630 Pharma Chemical Newsletter* Chemo Puro Manufacturing Corp., 150 Doremus Ave., Newark 5, N.J., U.SX PHARMACY PERIODICALS 631 Pharmacol Advance Menley & James. Ltd.. New York, N.Y., U.S.A. Ceased publication 632 Pharmaceutica Publication ceased and superseded by Annales Pharmoceutique! Beiges 633 Pharmaceutka Acta Helvetia. Schweizerische Apotheker-Verein, Sihlstrosse 37, ZUrkh, Switzerland M; S; CLML, CA, AWM, BA, EM, IM 634 Pharmaceutical Abstracts American Pharmaceutical Association Ceased publication 635 Pharmaceutical Abstracts College of Pharmacy, University of Texas, Austin 12, Texas, U.SA I, A 636 Pharmaceutical Archives Ceosed publication 637 Pharmaceutical Bulletin Tokyo, Japan See Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 638 Pharmaceutical Bulletin of the Nippon University See Nippon Daigaku Yakugaku KonkyO H6koku 639 Pharmaceutical Era Ceased publication 640 Pharmaceutical Journal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 17 Bloomsbury Square, London, W. C. I, U.K. W; S, B, O; BA, CA, AWM, EM 641 Pharmaceutkal Journal of New Zealand Pharmaceutical Society of New Zealand, 59 Cambridge Terrace, Wellington C.3, New Zealand M; B, O, S 642 Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Bulletin 1411 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C., U.S.A. -,N, O 643 Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Meeting Notices 1411 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 1,0 644 Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Proceedings 1411 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C., U.S.A. A; B, S, O 645 Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Trade-Mark Bulletin 1411 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C., U.S.A. W;L, O 646 Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Yearbook 1411 K St. N.W., Washington 5, D. C, U.S.A. A; S; CA, (Supersedes Proceedings, American Drug Manufacturers Assoc) DRUG LITERATURE 113 647 Phormoceuticol News (Yakuji Nippo) Konda, Chiyodo-ku. Tokyo, Japan 3x/W; N 648 Pharmaceutical Record Combined with Amerkan Druggist 649 Pharmaceutkal Review Merged with Midland Druggist 650 Pharmaceutical Revue Roosevelt St. 76. Athlnai. Greece BM; B, O. S 651 The Pharmaceutkal Weekly Newt Chong Po ku, Seoul, Korea W; N 652 Pharmoc;utisch Tidjdschrift voor Belgie Hoogstraot 39, Brugge, Belgium BM; B, O; CA 653 Pharmaceutisch Weekbksd Alexanderstraot II, s'Gravenhage, Netherlands 2 or 3x/M, S, CA, CLML, AWM, BA, IM 654 Phormoceutlsche Rundschau, New York See Pharmaceutkal Review 655 Pharmaceutist Builders Publications of India Ltd., Ionic, off Arthur Bunder Rd., Colaba, Bombay 5, India M; S, N, B, A 656 Pharmacia Estonia Apparently discontinued 657 Pharmacie Francaise L'Associatlon Amicale des Etudiants en Phormocle de France, 85, Boulevard Saint-Michel, Paris 5, France Q; N, B 658 cie Industrielle 49 Rue Picot, Paris 6e, France Q;B 659 Pharmacie-Produits Pharmaceutiques Ceased publication. Followed by Produits et Problems Pharmaceu- tiques 660 Pharmaclen MacLoan-Hunter Lte*., 481, Ave. University, Toronto, Ontario, Canoda Pharmaclen en Afrique Francaise* Conseil Regional de I'Ordre, 2, Rue Auber, Algeria 662 Pharmacien Biologists Bulletin de I'Associotion des )->.r,rn,or.ens Directeurs de Laboro- toires d'Analyses Centre de Documentation de L'APDIIA, 4, Ave. de I'Observatoire, Paris 6e, France 3 or 4 x/yr; S; CA 663 Pharmacien de France 13 rue Ballu. Paris 9e, France BM; S, B, O; CA, BA 664 Phormocien Rural Association de Pharmacie Rurale, E. Lefort, Pros., Friville-Escarbotin. Paris, France Q, B, O; CA 665 Pharmacist Chicago College of Pharmacy Ceosed publication; merged Into Western Druggist 666 Pharmacist and Chemkol Record See Pharmacist (Chicago College of Pharmacy) 667 Pharmacist and Chemist See Pharmacist (Chicago College of Pharmacy) 668 Pharmacological Reviews Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 East Preston St., Baltimore 2, Md U.S.A. Q; S; CA, CLML, AWM, BA, BIP, IM, EM, AIBS 669 Pharmacologist Amerkon Society for Pharmacology ond Experimental Therapeutics. Dr. Karl H. Beyer, Sec"y, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Lobs., West Point, Pa„ U.S.A. SA; S 670 Pharmacology and Toxicology (Translation of Farmakologiya i Toksikologiyo) Consulants Bureau, Inc.. 227 West 17th St., New York 11, MY U.S.A. 671 Pharmacy Advertiser Upjohn Co., 301 Henrietta St., Kolomozoo 99, Mich., U.S.A. Ceased publication 672 Pharmacy Digest 25 Oxford St.. London W.I, U.K. M, S, B. N 673 Pharmacy in History Amerkon Institute of the History of Pharmacy, Madison, Wis., U.S.A. Q; H 674 Pharmacy International Johnson Export Publishing Co.. Inc.. 386 Fourth Ave.. New York 16. N.Y., U.S.A. M; B, S, N ABBREVIATIONS - frequency of issue: A—annually; BM—bimonthly; oa.— approximately; F—fortnightly; 4x/yr., etc.—4 tunes a year; I—irregularly; M-monthly; Q—quarterly; SA—semi-annually; SM-semi-monthly; W—weekly type of periodical: A—abstracts or reviews; B—business or professional; D— documentation; H—historical; L—lists of new drugs; N- news; O—official or legal; S-scientJfic where indexed or abstracted: AWM-Abstracts of World Medicine; BA-Biological Abstracts; BIP-Bulletin de Ilnstitut Pasteur; BPI-Business Period- icals Index; CA-Chemical Abstracts; CIHL-Cumulative Index of Hospital Literature; CLML-Current List of Medical Literature; EM-Excerpta Medica: IABS-Intemational Abstracts of Biological Sciences; IM—Index Medicus; NA-Nutrition Abstracts Items marked with an asterisk (•) have not ' Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel'stvo MeditsinskoT Literatury, Moskva, U.S.S.R. Ceased publication 885 Turk Eczacilari Birligi Mecmuasi Cagologlu Ortoklar Hani 26, Istanbul, Turkey Q, S, B, N ABBREVIATIONS - frequency of issue: A-annually; BM-bimonthly; ca.-approximately; F-fortnightly; 4x/yr.. etc-4 times a year; I-irregularly; M-monthly; Q-quarterly; SA-semi-annually; SM-semi-monthly; W-weekly type of periodical: A-abstracts or reviews; B-business or professional; D-documentation; H-historical; L-lists of new drugs; N-news; O—official or legal; S-scientific where Indexed or abstracted: AWM-Abstracts of World Medicine; BA-Biological Abstracts; BIP-Bulletin de I'lnstitut Pasteur; BPI-Business Period- icals Index; CA-Chemical Abstracts; CIHL-Cumulative Index of Hospital Literature; CLML-Current List of Medical Literature; EM-Excerpta Medica; lABS-lntemational Abstracts of Biological Sciences; IM-Index Medicus; NA-Nutrition Abstracts Items marked with an asterisk (*) have rot I een verified. 122 DRUG LITERATURE U BB6 Ugeskrift for loeger rVshanlogode 12, Copenhogen, Denmork W; S; CA. CLML AWM BA. EM. IM 887 Ukozotel' Novykh Lekorstvennykh Preparatov Moskva. U.S.S.R I; Probobly discontinued 888 Union Pharmoceutique 21, rue des Nonnalns-dltyere, Paris 6, France M; Probobly discontinued 889 United Nations Dept. of Social Affairs, Assay, Characteristics, Composi- tion, and Origin of Opium United Notions Secretariat. New York, N.Y., U.S.A I; S 890 University of Arizona Pharmacist Tucson, Ariz., U.S.A. SA; N B9I University of California Publications in Pharmacology University of California Press. Berkeley 4. Calif., U.S.A. I, S; CLML. AWM, BIP, CA, EM, IM, BA 892 University of Colorado Studies, Series in Chemistry and Pharmacy Boulder. Colo , U.S.A. I; S; CA, BA 893 Unlisted Drugs Unlisted Drugs Committee of the Pharmaceutical Section, Science- Technology Division, Special Libraries Assoc., 31 E. 10th St., New York 3, N. Y.. Winifred Sewell. Editor. M, L 394 Unpublished Abstracts of Articles on Pharmaceutical Subjects See Pharmaceutkal Abstracts 895 U:ah Pharmaceutical Association Bulletin 1086 E. 21st St.. South, Salt Lake City 6, Utah, U.S.A. M V 896 Venefkus Universitetets Farmasoytiske Institutt, Blindern, Oslo, Norway I0x/yr.; S, B 897 Vesters Archiv fur Geschkhte des Deutschen Apathekenwesens mil Pharmazeutisch-nalurwissenschaftlkher Bibliothek* Nixhurter Weg 67, Neuss a. Rh., Germany _; H 898 Virginia Pharmacist Virginia Pharmaceutical Assoc., 1105 East Clay St., Richmond 19, Va., U.S.A. M; O, L, N 899 Voice of the Pharmacist American College of Apothecaries, Hamilton Court (39th and Chest- nut Streets), Philadelphia 4, Pa., U.S.A. W (40x/yr.); N, O; CA 900 Voprosy Meditsinskoi Khlmil (Problems of Medical Chemistry) Gosundarstvennoe Izdatel'stvo Meditsinskoi Literotury, Moskva, U.S.S.R. BM; S; CA, CLML, BA 901 Vosjnosanitetski Pregled* (Military and Pharmaceutical Review) Sanitetska Uprava Drzavnog Sekretarijato za Poslove Narodne Odbrane, 15 Nemanjina br., Belgrade. Yugoslavia M; S, O 902 Voz Farmaceutica Laboratories del Pino Avenida Petit Thonars 1777, Lima, Peru M; Probably discontinued 903 Voz de la Farmacia Centra Propietarios de Farmaclas del Uruguay, Agraclada 2345, Montevideo, Uruguay M; Probably discontinued w 904 Wollerstein Laboratories Communications 180 Madison Ave., New York 16, N.Y., U.S.A. Q; S, A; CA, BA 905 Washington-Alaska Pharmacist Official Journal of the Washington State and Alaska Pharmaceu- tical Assocs. 6639 White-Henry-Stuart Bldg., Seattle 1, Wash.. U.S.A. M; N 906 Washington State University Pharmacist School of Pharmacy, Washington State College, Pullman, Wash, U.S.A. A; N, B 907 Wayne Pharmic College of Phorm., Wayne State Univ.. Detroit 2, Mich., U.S.A. SA; N, O 908 Weekly Drug News and Prices Current Ceased publication 909 Weekly Pharmacy Reports - The "Green Sheet" 1152 National Press Bldg., Washington 4, D.C., U.S.A. W; N, O 910 Wegweiser in Gesunden und Kranken Tagen* Apotheken-Werbeverlag Apotheker H. Schneider 8, Co., G.m.b.H., Koln, Germany SM 911 West African Pharmacist Kumasi College of Technology, Kumasi, Ghana 4x/yr., S 912 West Coast Druggist Butterworth Publications, 1606 North Highland Ave, Hollywood 28, Calif., U.S.A. M;N 913 West Virginia Pharmacist P.O. Box 119, Oak Hill, West Virginia, USA. M; N, I, O DRUG LITERATURE 123 914 Western Druggist 1606 W. Broadway, Vancouver 9, B.C., Canodo M, N 915 Western Druggist Combined with Bulletin of Pharmacy to form Drug Bulletin in 1928 916 Western Pharmacy formerly Pacific Drug Review Beeler Publishing Corp., 1280 Columbus Ave., San Francisco 11, Calif., U.S.A. M; O. N, B 917 What's New Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, III., U.S.A. 6x/yr.; S; CA 918 Whot't New in Food and Drug Research Food and Drug Research Labs., Inc., Maurice Ave. at 58th St Maspeth 78, New York, N.Y., U.S.A. Q;N, C 919 Wholssals Drug Salesman 405 East Superior St., Duluth 2, Minn., U.S.A. Viener Medizinische Wochenschrifl Brlider Hollinek, Steingasse 25, Wien 3/40, Austria Ceased publication Wisconsin Pharmaceutical Assoc., 202 Price PI., Madison 5 Wis U.S.A. Wisconsin University, School of Pharmacy, Contributions from the History of Pharmacy Department Madison, Wis., U.S.A. I, H X-Y 923 Yakkyeku (Journal of Practical Pharmacy) Nonzandoo Co., Ltd., 36 Tatsuoka-cho Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan M, S, CA 924 Yokkyoku no Ryolkl (Domain of Dispensary) Wako Sholn, 1-62 Kondo Jinbo-cho, Chlyodo-ku, Tokyo, Japan M; S; CA 925 Yakugaku Kenkyu (Japanese Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry) Yokugyo Oralsha, 1-26, Kikawa Nishino-machi, Higashi Yodokgawa- ku, Osaka, Japan M; S, CA, BA 926 Yakugaku Saikin no Shimpo (Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Chemistry) Ishiyaku Shuppan Publishing Co., P. O. Box 8, Hongo Post Office, Tokyo, Japan I; S, CA 927 Yakugaku Zasshi (Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan) University of Tokyo, Nanzando, 36 Tatsuoka-cho, Hongo, Bunkyo- ku, Tokyo, Japan M;S;CA 928 Yakuji Nippo See Pharmaceutical News 929 Yao Ho Hua Hsueh* (Chemistry and Pharmacy) Chemistry and Pharmacy Monthly Co., Shanghai, Chit -;S 930 Yao Hsin Chi K'An* (Journal of Pharmacy) Student Association of Nati< China College of Pharmacy, Nanking, 931 Yao Hsueh HsGeh-Pao (Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. Formerly Chung Kuo Yao HsUeh Tsa Chlh, Journal of the Pharmaceutkal Association) Guozl Shudian, Importers ond Exporters of Books and Periodicals, 38 Suchou Hutung, Peking, China SA; S; CA, Printed In Chinese with Eng. or Russ. summaries 932 Yoo Hsueh Wen Choi* pharmacological Abstracts) Southwest Health Publication Publishing Co., China 933 Year Book of Drug Therapy Year Book Publishers, Inc., 200 East Illinois St., Chicogo II, III., U.S.A. A, A 934 Zeitschrift fur Aarosol-Forschung und -Therapie Deutsches Kuratorium fur Aerosol-Forschung, Friedrich-Korl Schat- tauer-Verlag, Schlossstrasse 20, Stuttgart, Germany 6x/yr., S, CA 935 Zur Geschkhte Apotheker-Zeitung Riemonnstrasse 90, Eutin, Germany I, H er Pharmazie, Geschichtsbeilage der Deutschen ABBREVIATIONS - frequency of issue: A-annually; BM-bimonthly; ca.-approximately; F—fortnightly; 4x/yr., etc.—4 times a year; I—irregularly; M-monthly; Q-quarterly; SA—semi-annually; SM-semi-monthly; W—weekly type of periodical: A—abstracts or reviews; B-business or professional; D— documentation; H—historical; L—lists of new drugs; N—news; O—official or legal; S-scientlfic where indexed or abstracted: AWM-Abstracts of World Medicine; BA-Biological Abstracts; BIP-Bulletin de I'lnstitut Pasteur; BPI-Business Period- icals Index; CA-Chemical Abstracts; CIHL-Cumulative Index of Hospital Literature; CLML-Current List of Medical Literature; EM—Excerpta Msdica; IABS—International Abstracts of Biological Sciences; IM—Index Medicus; NA—Nutrition Abstracts items marked with an asterisk (*) have not been verified. 124 DRUG LITERATURE INDEX BY COUNTRY 94. S14, 545. 79C, 798, 759, Hungary, S, 388, 387, 867 Q-R Southern Rhodesia, 1B9 Rumania, 314, 612 Australia, 110 Austria, 476. 501, 602, 706, 821. 852 Belgium, S, 28, 61, 88, 459, SOS, 652 Bolivia, 221 Brazil, 41, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 127, 182, 242, 373, 601, 693. 729, 755, 768, 774, 778, 760, 7(3, 816, (81 Bulgaria, 154 Burma, 181 Chile, 52, 230, 237 China, 929. 930, 931, 932 Colombia, ISO, 728 Costa Rica, 316 Cuba, 769, 860 Czechoslovakia, 7, 192, 303, 347 Denmark, 13, 86, 249, 250, 307, 599, 871, Dominican Republic, EI Salvador, 519, 754 Finland, 350, 854 France, 17, 20, 24, 26, 62, 73, 98, 154, 157, 162, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 180, 184, 294, 295, 3S6, 368, 369, 374, 442, 481, 485, 486, 490, 504, 505, 535, 548, 584, 603. 624, 657, 658, 662, 663, 664, 708, 719, 790, 792, (00, 858, 868, 878, 879 Indonesia, 617 Iran, 152 Ireland, 424 Isratl, 389, 391 Italy, 63, 64, 92, 93, 108, 118, 119, 137, 138, 210. 243, 244, 259, 324, 328, 329, 332, 333, 358, 375, 381, 415, 533, 546, 594, 611, 770, 802, 803, 634, 847, 661 Japan, 164, 197, 211, 380, 397, 399, 430, 432, 438, 439, 467, 468, 469, 473, 478, 479, 480, 557, 580, 581, 582, 563, 647, 832, 833, 857, B76, 923, 924, 925, 926, 927 Korea, 444, 651, 830 Lebanon, 76, 302, 482, 793, 795 Luxembourg, 175 Mexico, 417, 524 Mozambique, 434 Nethe. ands, 14, 15, 114, 151, 198, 199, 219, 223, 394, 401, 513, 556, 567, 653, 733, 735, 744, 745, 822 New Zealand, 641 Nigeria, 458 Norway, 348, 503, 585, 586, 872, 896 Spain, 50, 56, 57, 58, 97, 104, 132, 133, 136, 220, 251, 323, 337, 339, 371, 511, 512, 549, 742, 845, 877 Sweden, 232, 311, 600, 855 Taiwan, 874 Thailand, 454 Turkey, 286, 360, 544, 700, 885 Union of South Africa, 838, 839 United Arab Republic (Egypt), 287, 456, 741 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 145, 195, 202, 204, 206, 266, 370, 382, 383, 416, 447, 463, 465, 492, 493, 495, 543, 628, 640, 672, 675, 702, 723, 727, 752, 814, 824, 837, 884 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, (5, 72, 83, 345, 346, 352, 425, 472, 516, 564, 597, 598, 817, 883, 900 United States of America*, 3, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 100, 102, 109, 112, 115, 121, 146, 147, 159, 163, 167, 182, 190. 193, 194, 207, 218, 222, 233, 234, 235, 239, 240, 241, 252, 253, 257, 260, 265, 267, 275, 282, 296, 299, 300, 304, 363, 364, 376, 388, 402, 403, 423, 435, 446, 448, 449, 450, 466, 471, 488, 489, 494, 497, 509, 510, 515, 520, 522, 526, 534, 536, 541, 551, 553, 554, 571, 572, 573, 574, 578, 588, 605, 606, 607, 60S, 609, 614, 623, 626, 627, 630, 635, 642, 646, 668, 669, 673, 674, 680, 712, 713, 714, 716, 717, 726, 734, 748, 750, 798, 805, 808, 818, 819, 825, 836, 840, 841, 859, 862, 863, 873, 875, 889, 893, 895, 898, 899, 904, 905, 912, 913, 916, 917, 918, 919, 21, 22, 29, 30, 40, 66, 70, 75, 124, 139, 140, 185, 187, 188, 224, 225, 227, 245, 247, 246, 270, 272, 274, 355, 359, 362, 405, 406, 412, 451, 455, 462, 498, 499, 507, 527, 528, 531, 555, 558, 568, 589, 590, (04, 615, 616, 618, 643, 644, 645, 691, 8(2, 709, 730, 731, 732, 809, 810, 812, 842, 843, 848, 890, 891, (92, 906, (07, (09, 921, 922, 933 Uruguay, 49, 53, 134, 293, 413, 518, 737 Germany, 23, 80, 85, 87, 105, 117, 122, 254, 256, 261, 262, 263, 279, 290, 301, 357, 365, 378, 379, 390, 475, 477, 487, 500, 517, 537, 552, 563, 569, 579, 681, 684, 686, 688, 689, 690, 694, 699, 705, 725, 740, 747, 801, 828, 869, 870, 880, 897, 910, 934, 935 Ghana, 911 Greece, 84, 342, 343, 650, 679 Guatemala, 131, 291, 338 0-P Pakistan, 205, 678 Panama, 326 Peru, 51, 327, 760, 772, 776 Philippines, 464 Poland, 16, 123, 258, 331, 695 Portugal, 42, 45, 103, 128, 285, 782 Puerto Rico, 773 Venezuela, 757, 761, 764, 7(4 W-X-Y-Z Yugoslavia, 4, 10, 99, 120, 309, 310, 312, 474, 901 *For a comprehensive list of U.S. phannacy journals of early years, sit "The Pharmaceutica] Journals of the United States," by Minnie Meyer, /. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 22:424 (May) 1933. APPENDIX D COMPOSITE LIST OF JOURNALS OF PHARMACEUTICAL INTEREST This compilation is made from three lists of journals, each selected on the basis of pharmaceutical information content. It is included to suggest the variety of periodicals that contain such data. The individual lists from which it was compiled are as follows: F—List of Periodicals for Pharmaceutical Abstracts, 1960. This list was selected by members of the International Pharmaceutical Federation Commission of Pharmaceutical Abstracts (see appendix A9) for coverage in their proposed Pharmaceutical Abstracts. That publication would have covered the fields of "drug formulation, development, stability, sterilization, pharmaceutical legislation, education and economics." P—Journals to be covered by proposed Pharmaceutical Abstract Publication, 1955. This list was prepared by a committee of the Pharmaceutical Section of the Special Libraries Association. It represents the journals that were thought at the time of the proposal to be those basic to interests of the pharma- ceutical industry. U—List of journals covered by Unlisted Drugs Contributors, 1962. This list has evolved over the 14 years of production of Unlisted Drugs by the Pharma- ceutical Section of the Speoial Libraries Association. It consists of those journals which experience has indicated will be most likely to yield informa- tion on new drugs. While this list represents periodicals that are checked regularly, contributors frequently submit "unlisted drugs" they note in other sources. Although journals that have changed titles are collected under their latest names, those that have ceased publication are retained on the composite list as an indication of the subject scope of the three original lists. COMPOSITE LIST OF JOURNALS OF PHARMACEUTICAL INTEREST A U Abstracts of Japanese Medicine F Acta Belgica de Arte Medicinali et Pharmaceutica Militari U Acta Chemica Scandinavica P U Acta Endocrinologica P U Acta Medica Scandinavica F Acta Pharmaceutica Hungarica P Acta Pharmaceutica Internationalia F Acta Pharmaceutica Jugoslavica F P Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica F Acta Physiologica et Pharmacologica Neerlandica F Acta Phytotherapeutica F Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica U Acta Tropica F Actas y Trabajos; Congreso Internacional de Antibioticos y Quimiotera- picos F Actuality Pharmacologiques F Advances in Clinical Chemistry U Aerospace Medicine F Aerztliches Laboratorium U Agricultural Chemicals F Aktuelle Arzneitherapie 125 126 DRUG LITERATURE U Alberta Medical Bulletin F Alcaloides F Alchimist _ F American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, Teachers Seminars F U American Druggist P U American Heart Journal P American Journal of Digestive Diseases P U American Journal of Diseases of Children P U American Journal of Gastroenterology FPU American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy U American Journal of Hygiene P American Journal of the Medical Sciences P American Journal of Medicine P American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology U American Journal of Ophthalmology F American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education F P American Journal of Pharmacy P American Journal of Physiology U American Journal of Proctology U American Journal of Psychiatry P American Journal of Public Health and the Nation's Health U American Journal of Roentgenology, Radium Therapy and Nuclear Medicine P U American Journal of Surgery P U American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene F P American Perfumer P U American Practitioner FPU American Professional Pharmacist P American Review of Respiratory Diseases U Anaesthesia U Anaesthesist F Anais Azevedos F Anais da Faculdade de Farmdcia e Odontologia do Estado do Rio de Janeiro F Anais da Faculdade de Farm&cia e Odontologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo F Anais da Faculdade de Farm&cia do P6rto F Anais da Faculdade Nacional de Farm&cia F Anais da Faculdade de Odontologia e Farmdcia da Universidade de Minas Gerais F Anais de Farmtlcia e Qufmica de Sao Paulo F Anales de la Asociaci6n de Qufmica y Farmacia del Uruguay F Anales de Bromatologfa F Anales de la Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqufmica F Anales de la Facultad de Quimica y Farmacia F Anales de Farmacia y Bioqufmica F Anales de Farmacia Hospitalaria F Anales del Instituto de Farmacologia Espafiola F Anales de la Real Academia de Farmacia U Analyst P Analytical Chemistry U Anesthesia and Analgesia; Current Researches P U Anesthesiology U Angiology U Annales de Chimie DRUG LITERATURE 127 P U Annales de I'lnstitut Pasteur U Annales de Parasitologic Humaine et Compared F Annales Pharmaceutiques Beiges FPU Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises F Annali di Chimica F Annali della Universita di Ferrara; Sezione II. Farmacologia e Terapia P Annals of Allergy P Annals of Internal Medicine U Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology U Annals of Surgery U Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology F P Antibiotic Medicine and Clinical Therapy F Antibiotica et Chemotherapia F Antibiotics (New York); English Edition of Antibiotiki (Moskva) F Antibiotics Annual FPU Antibiotics and Chemotherapy F Antibiotiki F Anuario da Faculdade de Farm&cia e Odontologia de Natal P U Applied Microbiology F Archiv for Pharmaci og Chemi F Archiv der Pharmazie und Berichte der Deutschen Pharmazeutischen Gesellschaft P U Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics P U Archives of Dermatology U Archives of Diseases in Childhood P Archives of Environmental Health U Archives of General Psychiatry U Archives de I'lnstitut Pasteur d'Alg^rie U Archives de I'lnstitut Pasteur du Maroc P U Archives of Internal Medicine FPU Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie U Archives Internationales de Physiologie et de Biochimie U Archives des Maladies Professionnelles de Medecine du Travail et de S6curit6 Sociale U Archives of Neurology P Archives of Otolaryngology F Archivio Italiano di Scienze Farmacologiche F Arohivos Farmaceuticos Bag6 F Archivos de Farmacia y Bioqufmica del Tucum&n F Archivos del Instituto de Farmacologfa Experimental F Arhiv za Farmaciju F Arquivos do Instituto de Farmacologia e Terapeutica Experimental FPU Arzneimittel-Forschung F Australasian Journal of Pharmacy P Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science U Australian Veterinary Journal B P Bacteriological Reviews F Berichte tiber die Gesamte Physiologie und Experimentelle Pharmakologie P U Biochemical Journal F U Biochemical Pharmacology F P Biochemische Zeitschrift P Biochimica et Biophysica Acta U Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 128 DRUG LITERATURE P Biometrics F Biuletyn Instytutu R6slin Leczniczych P U Blood; Journal of Hematology U BMQ; Boston Medical Quarterly F Boletim da Associacao Farmaceutica de Pernambuco F Boletin del Colegio de Farmaceuticos y Qufmicos de Guatemala U Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana F U Bollettino Chimico Farmaceutico P Bristol Digest U British Heart Journal U British Journal of Anaesthesia U British Journal of Clinical Practice U Brisish Journal of Industrial Medicine F P British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy U British Journal of Radiology P U British Medical Journal U Bulletin of the Academy of Medicine (Toronto) F Bulletin du Cercle Benelux d'Histoire de la Pharmacie F Bulletin de la Federation Frangaise des Amicales de Pharmaciens de R6serve U Bulletin of Hygiene (London) F Bulletin d'information, Federation Pharmaceutique Mediterraneenne U Bulletin de I'lnstitut Pasteur (Paris) P U Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital F Bulletin of Narcotics, United Nations, Department of Social Affairs P U Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine F Bulletin de l'Ordre National des Pharmaciens F Bulletin of the Parenteral Drug Association F Bulletin of the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association F Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Research Institute F Bulletin; Pharmacognosy Laboratory, India Ministry of Health F U Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften U Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Beiges P U Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France U Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie Exotique et de Ses Filiales F Bulletin de la Societe de Pharmacie de Bordeaux F Bulletin de la Societe de Pharmacie de Lille F Bulletin de la Societe de Pharmacie de Marseille F Bulletin de la Societe de Pharmacie de Nancy F Bulletin de la Societe de Pharmacie de Strasbourg F Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Medicales du Grand-Duche de Luxem- bourg U Bulletin of the World Health Organization F Bulletins et Memoires de la Faculte de Medecine et de Pharmacie de Dakar F Burma Pharmaceutical Journal C P California Medicine U Canadian Doctor P U Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology U Canadian Journal of Chemistry U Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Science U Canadian Journal of Medical Technology U Canadian Journal of Microbiology U Canadian Journal of Public Health DRUG LITERATURE 129 P Canadian Medical Association Journal F U Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal P U Cancer P U Cancer Research F U Central African Pharmaceutical Journal F Ceskoslovenska" Farmacie U Chain Store Age U Chemical Abstracts U Chemical Age F Chemioal Age of India P U Chemioal and Engineering News F U Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (Tokyo) P Chemical Reviews U Chemical Week F Chemisch Weekblad P Chemische Berichte F Chemische en Pharmaceutische Techniek F Chemische Rundschau P Chemist-Analyst F U Chemist and Druggist U Chemistry in Canada FPU Chemistry and Industry F Chimia F Chimica e l'lndustria F Ciba Monographs P Ciba Symposia F Ciba Therapeutic Index P U Circulation P U Circulation Research U Cleveland Clinic Quarterly F Clinica Chimica Acta F Clinical Chemistry F U Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics U Clinical Radiology U Clinical Research F Colegio Farmaceutico F Collana di Monografie di Storia della Farmacia F Collectanea Pharmaceutica Suecica U Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications U Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences F Comptes Rendus; International Congress of Hospital Pharmacists P U Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie et de Ses FiUales F Contributions from the Danish Pharmacopoeia Commission F Contributions from the History of Pharmacy Department of the School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin F U Correio do Mundo Farmaceutico F Current Iodine Literature F Current Researches in Anesthesia and Analgesia U Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental D F U Dansk Tidsskrift for Farmaci F Dansk Tidsskrift for Farmaci, Supplementum P Dermatologica F Deutsche Apotheker 130 DRUG LITERATURE F Deutsche Apotheker-Zeitung P U Diabetes u Diabetic Journal u Diagnosi u Discussions of the Faraday Society P u Diseases of the Chest P u Diseases of the Nervous System F Dissertation Abstracts F Dissertationes Pharmaceuticae F Drogistenzeitung u Drug and Allied Industries FPU Drug and Cosmetic Industry U Drug Merchandising F Drug Research Reports F P Drug Standards F Drug Topics F U Drug Trade News F U Drugs Made in Germany E F East African Pharmaceutical Journal F Eastern Pharmacist F Egyptian Pharmaceutical Bulletin U Endeavour P U Endocrinology U Enzymologia F Ergebnisse der Physiologie, Biologischen Chemie und Experimentellen Pharmakologie F Escuela de Farmacia F Excerpta Medica; Section II: Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharma- cology P U Experientia F Experientia Sandoz U Experimental Parasitology U Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Monthly F F Faculte F Farmaceuticky Obzor U Farmaceutico F Farmaceutico-Bioqufmico F Farmaceutisk Tidende F Farmaceutisk Notisblad F Farmaceutski Glasnik F U Farmacevtsk Revy F Farmacevtski Vestnik F Farmaci e Farmacie F Farmacia (Bucuresti) F Farmacia (San Jose) F Farm&cia do Brasil F Farmacia Nueva F Farmacia Nuova F Farmacia y Qufmica F Farmacija F Farmacista DRUG LITERATURE 131 F Farmacja Polska F Farmaco; Edizione Pratica F Farmaco; Edizione Scientifica F Farmacognosia; Anales del Instituto Jose Celestino Mutis F Farmacologfa F Farmacoterapia Actual F Farmakolog F Farmakologiia i Toksikologiia F Farmakoterapi F Farmatsiia P U Federation Proceedings U Feed Bag F Fette und Seifen F Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel Verbunden mit der Zeitschrift die Erna- ehrungsindustrie F Fitoterapia F Food, Drug, Cosmetic Law Journal F Food, Drug, Cosmetic Law Reporter F Fortschritte der Chemotherapie F France Pharmacie G U Gaceta Medica F Galenica Acta P U Gasteroenterology F Gazeta de Farmdcia (Rio de Janeiro) F Gazeta de Farmdcia (Lisboa) F Gazette des Hdpitaux Civils et Militaires F Gekhan Shionogi P U Geriatrics F Gifu Yakka Daigaku Kiyo F Giornale Italiano di Chemioterapia P GP U Grace Hospital Bulletin U Guy's Hospital Reports F Gy6gyszereszet H U Harper Hospital Bulletin U Hawaii Medical Bulletin F Hebrew Pharmacist F Heilmittel Berichte FPU Helvetica Chimica Acta U Henry Ford Hospital Medical Bulletin F P Helvetica Physiologica et Pharmacologica Acta F Highlights of Progress in Biologies Control F Hindustan Antibiotics Bulletin P Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift fur Physiologische Chemie F Hospital Pharmacist F Hyoyakukai; Journal of Pharmaceutical Association of Hyogo I U Illinois Medical Journal U Indian Journal of Medical Sciences F Indian Journal of Pharmacy F Industria Farmaceutica Venezolana 132 DRUG LITERATURE F Industrial Chemist and Chemical Manufacturer P Industrial Medicine and Surgery U Institute of Contemporary Russian Studies, Fordham University F International Antibiotics News Bulletin U International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology F International Review of the Army, Navy and Air Force Medical Services P Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitaminforschung U Internist F Irish Chemist and Druggist F [Izdaniia] Berezotochskoi Ukrainskoi Opytnoi Stantsii Lekarstvennykh Rastenii J FPU Japanese Journal of Pharmacology F Jornal dos Farmaceuticos do Ultramar P U Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry P U Journal of Allergy P U Journal of the American Chemical Society P U Journal of the American Dental Association U Journal of the American Geriatrics Society P U Journal of the American Medical Association U Journal of the American Medical Women's Association F P Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association P U Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association U Journal of Animal Science F U Journal of Antibiotics; Series A (Tokyo) F Journal of Antibiotics; Series B (Tokyo) P U Journal of Applied Physiology P Journal of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists P Journal of Bacteriology P Journal of Biological Chemistry U Journal of the Canadian Association of Radiologists P Journal of the Chemical Society of London P Journal of Chronic Diseases P U Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism P Journal of Clinical Investigation U Journal of Clinical Pathology P Journal of Colloid Science U Journal of Comparative Pathology and Therapeutics U Journal of Dairy Science P U Journal of Dental Research U Journal of the Egyptian Medical Association P Journal of Endocrinology P U Journal of Experimental Medicine P Journal of General Microbiology P Journal of General Physiology P Journal of Gerontology U Journal of Helminthology P Journal of Immunology U Journal of Indiana State Medical Association P Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology P U Journal of Infectious Diseases Journal of International College of Surgeons P U Journal of Investigative Dermatology U Journal of the Iowa Medical Society DRUG LITERATURE 133 U Journal of the Kansas Medical Society U Journal of the Kentucky State Medical Association P U Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine U Journal of the Maine Medical Association U Journal of the Medical Association of Georgia U Journal of the Medical Society of New Jersey F U Journal of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry U Journal of the Michigan State Medical Society F Journal Mondial de Pharmacie P U Journal of the National Cancer Institute U Journal of the National Medical Association F Journal of National Pharmaceutical Association U Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease U Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry U Journal of Neurosurgery U Journal of New Drugs U Journal of the Newark Beth Israel Hospital P Journal of Nutrition U Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Commonwealth P Journal of Organic Chemistry P U Journal of Pediatrics F Journal of the Pharmaceutical Association of Thailand FPU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences U Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics F P Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology F U Journal of the Philippine Pharmaceutical Association P Journal of Physiology (London) F Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps F Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists; British Edition U Journal of the South African Veterinary Medical Association U Journal of the Tennessee State Medical Association U o Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene PU \ Journal of Urology P Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie K F Kagaku Ryoho F Kagaku Ryoho Kenkyusho Iho F Khimiia i Meditsina U Klinische Wochenschrift F Kolloid-Zeitschrift F Kosmetik-Parfum-Drogen Rundschau fur Industrie Handel und Gewerbe F Krankenhaus-Apotheke, Beilage der Deutschen Apotheker-Zeitung U Kresge Eye Institute Bulletin L F Labo-Pharma U Lahey Clinic Bulletin P U Lancet U Laval Medical F Lebanese Pharmaceutical Journal F Lebensmittelrundscbau F P Lederle Bulletin F Lekovite Sirovine, Zbornik Radova U Leprosy Briefs 134 DRUG LITERATURE F Literatur-Dienst F Literatur-Eildienst "Roche" (Basel) F Lloydia F Lyon Pharmaceutique M F M & B Laboratory Bulletin F M h«w supplied and date the product was first issued! ChlSisTan^CgS8 aPPGar m thG regUlar pagGS °f the 8ame i88Ue 0f The Chemist and Druggist Morgan Brothers, Ltd. 28 Essex Street, Strand London, W.C. 2, England Index of New Products. Monthly. £3/year man,,Sf«4oi,,brLfl ^ye ^formation about drugs of British pharmaceutical 3er CZ ^dl8.t"butor8- .Entries are under proprietary name or under common name if no proprietary name is used. Each entry sup- DRUG LITERATURE 145 plies information about composition, properties, indications and con- traindications, toxicity, dosage, references to journal literature, packing and price and manufacturer's name and address. A therapeutic index and a list of cross references from official and common names to pro- prietary names are published periodically in a booklet. Pharmaceutical Journal DIS 17, Bloomsbury Square London, W.C. 1, England London Medical Handbook. Annual. Included with subscription to Chemo- therapy Review, 27s., 6d. or at 7s/6d./single copy. An alphabetic list of medical specialties furnished to visitors to the London Medical Exhibition. Information for each entry includes the name of the manufacturer, brief statement of composition, indications, dosage forms supplies and prices. It also has a cross index by diseases. British and Colonial Druggist Ltd. NLM 194-200, Bishopsgate London, E.C. 2, England Pharmacy Digest New Prescription Products Card-Index Service. Monthly, with annual subscription to Pharmacy Digest, 20s. Cards 3" by 5" with information about the prescription products re- leased in the United Kingdom. Entries are under proprietary names and provide name of manufacturer, composition, indications, dosage, pack- ings and prices and restrictions on sales, if any. Formerly titled The Alchemist New Prescription Products card service. Pharmacy Digest APhA Alchemist Publications 25 Oxford Street London, W. 1, England Prescribers' Journal. Bimonthly, March 1961 to date. 2s./6d. per year. Prescribers' Journal is published under the direction of a committee of management and distributed to medical practitioners in the National Health Service, hospitals and medical schools in Great Britain and on subscription to others. It contains articles commenting on the effec- tiveness of currently used drugs and on trends in modern treatment. From time to time comparative cost studies are published. Annual indexes are prepared. Dr. J. L. Hunt, Editor APhA Chesham House 136 Regent Street London W. 1, England Hong Kong Gregg's Directory of Special Pharmaceutical Preparations. 4th ed. 1959. 578 pages. Pharmaceutical specialties are listed alphabetically. The individual entries give information about composition, indications, forms available and manufacturer. Alphabetic lists of importers and representatives of foreign firms are also included. N. B. Mahomed NLM Gregg Publishing Company 495 Castle Peak Road Kowloon, Hong Kong India Materia Medica of Pharmaceutical Combinations and Specialties, by Dr. U B. Narayanrao. 5th ed. 1954. Supplement 1961. Both for Rs. 25.00 ($10.25) (Supplement alone, Rs. 8.00). 421 pages. Specialties sold in India are listed alphabetically with brief information about manufacturer, composition, indications, dosage and forms. A comprehensive list of manufacturers with Indian agents and addresses of both is included, as well as a therapeutic index to products listed. Another supplement is expected approximately June 1963. Medical Digest mb 1, Nagindas Mansions Girgaum Road Bombay 4, India 146 DRUG LITERATURE International . _ ,T Chemotherapy Research Bulletin. Editor: Robert W. Kirkby, M.D. No- vember 1961 to date. Bimonthly. $45.00 per year. An alerting service describing new drug developments in pharmacology and chemotherapy. Each entry provides an abstract of an important paper, selected by members of an international editorial staff from the periodical literature of 8 countries. Entries are under pharmacologic category, as is the only index provided by the Bulletin The subject compounds are well characterized according to chemical or biological structure and abstracts are detailed. Filing under name of compound would be difficult, however, because the name is sometimes a research number, other times a nonproprietary, chemical or trade name. Ihe sheets are perforated to be filed as 4" by 6" cards. A total of 181 cards were issued in volume 1. Service is expected to be expanded in volume I. Chemotherapy Research Institute Inc. APhA 507 Fifth Avenue New York 17, N.Y. Drugs of Todav, ed. by Dr. J. R. Prous. $12.00/year. Cards V/*" by 6" (10 by 15cm.), issued at a rate of 15-20 per quarter, with annual cross index. Drugs are listed by nonproprietary name and information is given about physical properties, identity tests, analytical methods, action and uses, toxicity, methods of administration, dosage forms and literature references. The English edition in Spanish (Medica- mentos de Actualidad), started in January 1962. Drugs of Today APhA Apartado de Correos 540 Barcelona, Spain. Index International Pharmaceuticus, ed. by A. Heinige and others. St&tnf Zdravotnick6 Nakladtelstvf. 1958. 867 pages. 84 K6s (Approx. $11.75) The principal section is a collection of official, nonofficial, scientific and trivial names of medicinal substances and preparations, as well as sub- stances and chemicals used for laboratory purposes, as entered in the latest editions of pharmacopeias and other publications. These names are latinized and the arrangement is alphabetic. Names are included from Czech, Polish, Russian and other Eastern European compendia. Trade names are included as synonyms in a separate section, with cross references to and from the names used in the first list. Stdtnf Zdravotnick6 Nakladatelstvf NLM Malostranske ndm. 28 Prague 1, Czechoslovakia International Non-proprietary Names for Pharmaceutical Preparations; Cumulative List 1962. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1962. $1.00. This publication brings together in a single list all the proposed interna- tional nonproprietary names in lists no. 1-11 of the WHO Chronicle, 1953-1961. The names are arranged alphabetically by Latin form of name, followed by English name and chemical name or description. Latin and English forms are alike (dichlorisonum, dichlorisone) with the exception of acids, for which inversion causes the Latin name to be removed from the position expected in American practice (acidum nico- timcum instead of nicotinic acid). The procedure for the selection of recommended international nonproprietary names is annexed and general principles for devising them. £ni«I5!)ia University Press, International Documents Service APhA 2960 Broadway, Xew York 27, N.Y. Organisch-Chemische Arzneimittel Und Ihre Synonyma, by Martin Negwer- 2nded- 1961- 731 Pages. DM. 55.00 (approx. $14.00) 1 his formula index includes nearly 2700 single chemical entities used in medical practice. For each entry is given its structural formula, chemi- cal name (German nomenclature), variant nonproprietary and trade DRUG LITERATURE 147 names and therapeutic use. Individual salts and esters are distinguished from base compounds Approximately 16,000 synonyms are included in the general alphabetic index. Akademie-Verlag Ap. A Leipziger Strasse 3-4 n Berlin W 1, Germany Phaj-macologkal^and^ Chemical Synonyms 1961, comp. by F.E.J. Marler. The new edition lists in a single alphabet approximately 13,000 synonyms of drugs and other substances of biological or biochemical interest, col- lected over a period of 10 years from the medical literature of the world. jbacn. substance has one single heading, always a nonproprietary name, followed by the chemical name, alternative nonproprietary names, research numbers, and finally a number of trade names, if known. In some cases trade names of mixtures of which the drug is a component are given. Each synonym has its own alphabetic entry referring to the approved name, which is the name approved by the International r-narmacopoeia, when possible. Numerous entries are made for chemical compounds with their salts and esters and for families of chemical compounds (as pyrimidines, etc.) Excerpta Medica APhA 2 East 103rd Street New York 29, N.Y. 119-123 Herengracht Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Side Effects of Drugs, comp. by L. Meyler, M.D. 1957 to date. vol. 1, $3.95; vol. 2, $5.00; vol. 3, —. This is a continuing survey of the medical literature of the world for reports of untoward effects of drugs. Drugs are grouped in chapters according to pharmacologic action and appear in bold-face type under their nonproprietary names. Synonyms, including chemical and pro- prietary names, follow nonproprietary names. Side effects are reported in detail and each report is documented by reference to the medical literature. A general alphabetic index to all names and to classes of drugs is included. Volume I covers the literature of 1955-1966; vol- ume 2, 1957; volume 3, 1958-1960. Excerpta Medica APhA 2 East 103rd Street NLM New York 29, N.Y. 119-123 Herengracht Amsterdam, The Netherlands Italy L'Informatore Farmaceutico Italiano. 1962. 1044 pages. $15.00, includ- ing supplement. The principal section is an alphabetic list of speciaities, giving for each its manufacturer's name, a brief statement of composition and action, dosage forms, sizes and prices. A list of manufacturers with addresses of offices or representatives in Italy; products are listed for each manu- facturer. There is also a section for veterinary products and one foT cosmetics, dietetic foods and other health products. Organizzazione Editoriale Medico-Farmaceutica NLM Via Edolo 42 Milan, Italy 148 DRUG LITERATURE Japan Modern Pharmaceuticals of Japan. II. 1961. 138 pages. An English-language compilation of short monographs about the major drugs currently supplied by Japanese pharmaceutical manufacturers. Arrangement is according to therapeutic classification. Monographs give information about chemical composition and description, pharma- cological action, toxicity, clinical results, administration and dosage, indications, and manufacturer. Of special interest is the 33-page sec- tion of drugs developed in Japan. An alphabetic index includes both proprietary and nonproprietary names. Japan Pharmaceutical, Medical and mt ivr Dental Supply Exporters' Association W LM No. 10, 1-chome Nihonbashi Muromachi, Chuo-ku Tokyo, Japan Mexico Diccionario de Especialidades Farmaceuticas, comp. by Ignacio Landero and Emilio Rosenstein. 9th ed., 1962. 556 pages. The several sections include: a comprehensive list of products with name of manufacturers; a shorter list with full information about composition, indications, administration, forms supplied, and name and address of manufacturer; a therapeutic index; and a fist of manufacturers with their products. In all cases entries are under manufacturers' trade names; an index by nonproprietary name is lacking. Ediciones P.L.M. APhA Medellin 184 Mexico 7, D.F. Las Plantas Medicinales de Mexico, by Prof. Maximino Martinez. 4th ed. 1959. The text has been divided into 3 sections, one covering plants whose botanic classification is known and on which scientific studies have been reported; one for plants of known botanic classification with therapeutic activity claimed but unsupported scientifically; and one for plants not identified botanically but used in folk medicine. The monographs report available information on botanic name, other common names, habitat, description and properties, useful parts, chemical composition, pharmacologic action, therapeutic properties and dosage. Mono- graphs are illustrated and literature references are often given. All plant names are included in the general alphabetic index. Ediciones Botas NLM Mexico, D.F. Netherlands Geneeskundig Jaarboek Voor Nederland, by J. B. Lenstra and Dr. J. Ger- brandy. 1st part. 79th ed. 1962. 366 pages. The principal section is a 189-page list of drugs under latinized form of nonproprietary name with descriptions, physical characteristics, actions and instructions as to dosages and methods of administration. Other sections give information about sera and vaccines, narcotics, vitamins, poisons and so forth. W. J. van Hengel -vtt m Schiedamse Vest 51 Rotterdam 2, Netherlands Geneesmiddel Compendium, by Dr. H. R. M. De Haan. 3d ed. 1962. 636 pages. Hf. 27.50. The drug handbook is a companion volume to Dr. De Haan's Therapie Compendium listed below. Substances used in therapy are listed in a single alphabet under proprietary and nonproprietary names. Entries »nHefr.Pr°Prietafyilamse8LfVrni8h names of manufacturers, compositions atrn/t^mS s^pp.lled- A b".ef statement of therapeutic action, chemical 3«n2. £' phys\cal Properties, dosage and specialties in which the sub- stance is a constituent appears under each nonproprietary-name entry. DRUG LITERATURE 149 There is also a list of manufacturers with their addresses in the Nether- lands and Belgium. L. Stafieu en Zoon APhA Stationsweg 10 Leiden, Netherlands Pinkhof en Van Der Wielen, Pharmacotherapeutisch Vademecum, ed. by Dr. J. Kok. 10th ed. 1959. 1008 pages. Hf. 57.50. In this reference compendium monographs are arranged alphabetically by common name of drug and contain extensive information about physical and chemical characteristics, actions, dosage and contraindica- tions. Literature references are frequently cited. Chemical names and formulas, botanic names and trade names are given, as well as formulas for dosage forms, Common, botanic and trade names are included in the general alphabetic index. D. B. Centen's Uitgeversmaatschappij NLM Zevereinstraat 4 Hilversum, Netherlands Therapie Compendium, by Dr. H. R. M. De Haan. 9th ed. 1961. 602 pages. Hf. 20.00. B This is a therapeutic handbook for physicians. Diseases are listed alpha- betically, followed by concise statements providing description, symp- toms and treatment. The therapeutic measures suggested are very specific with respect to drugs, providing formulas for prescription- writing and also names of manufacturers' specialties, with dosages and directions for administration in both cases. There is an alphabetic index to therapeutic agents in the text and one for proprietary names, the latter giving names of manufacturers. L. Stafieu en Zoon APhA Stationsweg 10 Leiden, Netherlands Poland Leki Wspolczesnej Terapii (Drugs in Modern Therapy), comp. by Dr. Jan Kazimierz Podlewski and Alicja Chwalibogowska-Podlewska. 4th ed. 1962. 764 pages. 120 zl. In this handbook, entries are arranged in a single alphabetic list; they may be under proprietary or nonproprietary name, but the nonproprie- tary name is used if several trade-name preparations have the same constituent. For each entry information is given as to the name of manufacturer, description, synonyms, action and use, dosage and forms available. Cross references from alternate names are supplied. Re- search numbers and abbreviations appear in the main list, and are also listed separately. A list of manufacturers with their addresses is included. Panstwowy Zaklad Wydawnictw Lekarskich APhA Warsaw, Poland Portugal Simposium Terapeutico 1961. 6th ed. 811 pages. The alphabetic list of specialties in this edition has been expanded to 684 pages. For most of the entries information is given about manu- facturer, composition, indications, method of administration, and dosage forms supplied. An index according to therapeutic indications and a list of manufacturers and representatives are also included. Simposium Terapeutico NLM Rua de Ponta Delgada, 58 Lisbon 1, Portugal Scandinavia NFN-Navne. Nordiske Farmakopenaevn. 2d ed., ed. by F. Reimers. 1958. 167 pages. Kr. 11.50. —Supplement, 1961. 91 pages. Kr. 8.75. ,..,,. Names approved for the Scandinavian pharmacopeia are listed alpha- beticallv. Other pharmacopeias in which the names are official are also designated. For each name is given the chemical name of the substance where possible, other nonregistered names, trade names of specialties, and pharmacologic classification. All names are crossreferenced to NFN-Names in the general index. Nyt Nordisk Forlag Arnold Busck Copenhagen, Denmark 150 DRUG LITERATURE Spoin FArmacos; Enciclopedia de Medicamentos y 1 Especialidades. 1st ed. 1953. Quarterly supplements to date. The principal portion is a compendium of information about manufac- turers' specialties, which are listed under their proprietary names. For each is given its composition, indications, method of administration and dosage and forms and sizes supplied. Entries are listed under the name of manufacturer. An alphabetic index to proprietary names is furnished. The index has been cumulated every second year for the supplements. Farmacos NLM Guetaria, 1 San Sebastian, Spain Vademecum Internacional de Especialidades Farmaceuticas y Biologicas; V-I 1962. 3d ed. Separately paged sections. An annual listing of pharmaceutical specialties and biologicals in several sections: the white section reports composition, actions and indications, method of administration, dosage, and forms supplied for each of the major products distributed in Spain. Entries are grouped under man- ufacturers' names. Other sections include a therapeutic and pharma- cologic index, a list of manufacturers with their addresses and products and a more complete alphabetic list of specialties. The Vademecum is widely distributed by manufacturers. J. Morgan Jones Publications, Inc. APhA P.O. Box 667 Islamorada, Florida Sweden Apotekens Register over Standardforpackade Lakemedel 1962-1963. Apo- tekarsocietetens Informationsavdelning. 575 + 83 pages. Sw. crs. 75.-, including supplements (Tillagg and Prisandringar) The Register is a comprehensive alphabetic list of pharmaceutical specialties and ACO drugs sold in Sweden. Each individual entry gives composition, manufacturer, forms and sizes issued, price, and where applicable, classification as a poison or narcotic. The therapeutic class number is also given for each drug and a separate "Synonym- register" lists all the drugs according-to therapeutic category. Other sections list roentgen contrast materials, biological preparations, manu- facturers and local representatives of foreign manufacturers, and non- proprietary names (especially NFN (Nordisk Farmakopenaevn) names). Products listed in the Register have been examined and released for sale by the Royal Medical Board and its pharmaceutical laboratory. Supplements are gummed sheets, scored so that new entries can be pasted in the book. The Register is revised annually. Apotekarsocietetens Informationsavdelning APhA Upplandsgatan 6A Stockholm C, Sweden Switzerland Dictionnaire Suisse des Specialites Pharmaceutiques; Schweizerisches Nachschlagebuch fiir Pharmazeutische Specialitaten, ed. bv Dr P. Rentschnick and J.-P. Balovoine. 1958. 520 pages Specialties are listed alphabetically. Entries supply information about composition, action indications, dosage forms supplied and manufac- turer for each. Bibliographic references are frequently supplied. The text is in both French and German. ■* rr Editions Medecine et Hygiene xrr m Rue Micheli-du-Crest, 22 NLM Geneva 4, Switzerland "gffiSIK &£U2£Sw,%££E**' Sp-ialprapsrate/Apersu de DRUG LITERATURE 151 to a card. For each is given name of manufacturer, composition (some- times with chemical formula), actions, indications, contraindications, dosage, supply and sometimes literature references. The service is very prompt. The text may be in French or German. Documentation Galenica Haslerstrasse 16 Bern, Switzerland Subsidia Pharmaceutica. Schweizerischer Apothekerverein, Wissenschaft- liche Zentralstelle. 1957 to date. Looseleaf. The Research Center of the Swiss Pharmaceutical Society has under- taken the publication, in sections, of a comprehensive compendium in looseleaf form. Supplements have added new matter each year to the first volume, published in 1957. Review articles have been published on the drugs of several therapeutic groups, roentgen contrast media and sex hormones being recent examples. The reviews always contain lists of individual products representative of the group, including trade-named products of manufacturers. Other sections include specifications for drugs prepared by the Swiss pharmacopeia, a section on new galenic Preparations, a section reporting new equipment and a section of tables. 'he Index Nominum, a separate volume, is an alphabetic list of drugs including chemical, nonproprietary and proprietary names. Main entries are under nonproprietary names, with chemical names, struc- tural formulas and proprietary names with manufacturers (from various countries). Other name entries are cross references to the principal entries. The index has been revised and supplemented in order to keep it up to date. Schweizerischer Apothekerverein XLM Sihlstrasse 37 Zurich 1, Switzerland Ubersicht der Gebrauchlichen und Neueren Arzneimittel fiir Xrzte, Apoth- eker und Zahnarzte, by Dr. E. Bernoulli and Dr. H. Lehmann. 10th ed. 1962. 576, LXIII pages. Approx. $6.00. In this compact reference book, drugs are arranged according to phar- macologic classification. Monographs may be on individual drugs (under nonproprietary names) or on classes of drugs. Each monograph reports chemical composition, actions, indications, contraindications, method of administration and dosage. A list of individual drug special- ties and combinations follows the general discussion. Additional sections include a list of formulas for prescription writing, a list of contrast media and a therapeutic index. A general alphabetic index lists all drug names. Benno Schwabe & Co. APhA Basel, Switzerland United Arab Republic Medical Index, Middle East. 3d ed., 1961-1962. Separately paged sections. The Index includes a 613-page alphabetic list of pharmaceutical special- ties marketed in the Middle East. Each entry supplies name of manu- facturer, composition, indications, contraindications, dosage and method of administration and package sizes. Other sections are: a list of local and foreign laboratories; a list of agents representing the laboratories; an index to specialties according to their major constituents or pharma- cologic effects; and a therapeutic index to specialties. Medical Index, Middle East. -NLM 29, Abdel Khalok Sarwat Street Cairo, Egypt, UAR 97-201—6S 152 DRUG LITERATURE United States ' , American Hospital Formulary Service. Looseleaf volume with supplements. $15.00 including binder and supplemental service for one year. $5.00/year for supplements thereafter. ...... i_ The Formulary Service is a looseleaf collection of drug monographs, intended for use by hospital pharmacy and therapeutics committees in preparing their own hospital formularies. The monograph of each drug is entered under nonproprietary name, giving common synonyms and proprietary names, if known. Monographs are full and descriptive, with emphasis on rational therapeutic procedures. They are classified according to the pharmacologic actions of the individual agents. Each monograph includes a list of the dosage forms most commonly used in hospitals. All names appear in the general alphabetic index, which is revised each vear. American Society of Hospital Pharmacists Al nA 2215 Constitution Ave., N.W. Washington 7, D.C. Clin-Alert. Irregular. Annual subscription, U.S. or Canada, $15.00. Clin-Alert is an alerting service for literature reports of drug reactions. Coverage, is mainlv limited to the medical periodical literature of the United States. Short abstracts of the articles are provided. In addi- tion to clinical reports, comments upon hospital practice and practi- tioner's liability are included. An index to names of drugs and other principal subjects was published at the end of 1962. Science Editors, Inc. APhA 800 Commonwealth Building Louisville 2, Kentucky Identification Guide for Solid Dosage Forms. Journal of the American Medical Association 182: 1145-1302 (Dec. 22, 1962). Single copy avail- able at 45 cents. The more than 5,000 dosage forms (tablets, soft gelatin capsules and hard gelatin capsules) are assigned code numbers determined by their physical characteristics (size, shape, color and markings). The code numbers are tabulated in such a fashion that the investigator, having determined the code number describing the physical characteristics of an unknown drug, can consult the guide to determine the names of products which match his unknown. American Medical Association APhA 535 North Dearborn Street NLM Chicago 11, 111. The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics. Vol. 1 (Jan. 23, 1963) to date. Biweekly. $12.50 per year, including binders. Critical appraisals of new drugs and new clinical findings affecting older drugs are published in a bi-weekly newsletter. Claims for the drugs are evaluated by an advisory board, with particular attention paid to side effects and the possibility for addiction. Cumulative 2-year indexes have been issued for the volumes published through 1962. Drug and Therapeutic Information, Inc. APhA 305 East 45th Street New York 17, N.Y. Pharmindex. Vol. 1 (October 1958) to date. Twice monthly. Annual subscription, including back issues in binder, and one year's service, $24.00. Renewal rate, $20.00. Each issue lists new products which have appeared on the market during the preceding period. Entries are under the proprietary name and furnish name of manufacturer, brief description, indications, contrain- dications, mode of administration and dosage, forms supplied and price. ->ew dosage forms, new strengths, new packages and name changes are compiled in supplementary lists. With each issue are published cumula- tive trade-name, nonproprietary-name, manufacturer and therapeutic indexes to the entire year's products. A section "Important Products rending refers to new products under investigation, not yet released eoln^Pr!l1oSnmg' Pharmindex also publishes review articles about pharma- £TtwQ™ *-S °f drUgS aTnd Sequent compilations of specialties available ™«? ♦£ gr0UpS' Jn addition to the monthly index for the current year, there are cumulative trade-name, nonproprietary-name and DRUG LITERATURE 153 pending-product indexes for the back issues. The cumulative manu- facturer's index includes new products and changes, but not pending products. The therapeutic index refers to the compilations of special- ties under therapeutic classes as well as to entries for individual products. Skyline Publishers, Inc. APhA Box 1029 Federal Station NLM Portland, Oregon NOTE: No effort has been made on this occasion to include entries for well-known drug information sources published in the United States. F6r the titles of these publications, see the American Journal of Pharmacy, January 1957, pages 5-9; also October 1958, pages 349-351. Information about the most recent editions is readily available in publishers' lists and phar- macy periodicals. U.S.S.R. Russian Drug Index, comp. by Stanley Jablonski. National Library of Medicine, 1961. 103 pages. 60 cents. The Index consists of a subject section containing entries for individual drugs arranged alphabetically under broad function groups such as anti- tubercular, autonomic, etc., and a name index containing all synonyms found in the subject section. It results from systematic scanning of the principal pharmacologic and medical monographs and serials published in the Soviet Union from 1950 to 1960, as received in the National Library of Medicine. The source journals and monographs are cited by name; they are other than the reference cited in Drug Information Sources. Government Printing Office APhA Superintendent of Documents NLM Washington 25, D.C., U.S.A. Latin America Vademecum Internacional de Especialidades Farmaceuticas y Biol6gicas; V-I 1962. 8th ed. Separately paged sections. $2.00. The white section of the Vademecum lists the major drug specialties of pharmaceutical laboratories and reports for each its composition, actions and indications, method of administration, dosage forms, availa- bility of literature, and countries in which it is registered. The yellow section is a therapeutic and pharmacologic index to the foregoing prod- ucts. The pink section lists all manufacturers' products alphabetically and also lists manufacturers with their addresses and their full product lists. There are 4 editions: Covper, for Colombia, Peru, Ecuador and Venezuela; Curdac, for Central American countries; and separate edi- tions for Argentina and Mexico. The texts are in Spanish. They are distributed through the courtesy of the manufacturers whose products are listed. J. Morgan Jones Publications, Inc. APhA P.O. Box 667 Islamorada, Florida, U.S.A. TITLES IN PROGRESS The Drug Information Sources Committee has received word that the following new titles or new editions of earlier titles are being published. Reference is made to the original annotation in the American Journal of Pharmacy when it is possible. Austria Austria Codex 1962/1963, compiled by Dr. Otto Zekert. 17th ed. Approx. Osterre^chische Apotheker-Verlagsgesellschaft AJP Feb. 1957, page 63 Spitalgasse 31/1 Vienna 9, Austria Belgium Fiches Documentaires (Produits Nouveaux). 2d series. 150 fr. Association Pharmaceutique Beige 11, rue Archimede Brussels 4, Belgium 154 DRUG LITERATURE Compendium of Pharmaceutical Specialties 2d ed Available July 1, 1963. $10.00 until June 1, 1963 Regular price, $13.00. Canadian Pharmaceutical Association »ee f ntry unaer v^anauii 221 Victoria Street, Room 308 Toronto 2, Ontario, Canada ^Dictionnaire Vidal 1963 Published in January 1963 $5 50. Office de Vulgarisation Pharmaceutique AJl *eD. i\)H(, page oj 11, rue Quentin-Bauchart Paris 8e, France Great Britain Current Medicine and Drugs. Periodical. $6.00 per year. Butterworth and Co. Ltd. 4-5 Bell Yard London, W.C. 2, England also 7235 Wisconsin Avenue Washington 14, D.C., U.S.A. India Indian Pharmaceutical Guide for Doctors and Chemists. In press. Rs. 16. Four sections: pharmaceutical manufacturers and their addresses; proprietary products, pharmaceutical specialities, biologicals with their composition and prices; laws pertaining to production, distribution and sale of drugs; miscellaneous reference section. l'amposh Publications Advt. Eastern Pharmacist, E-38 Hauz Khas Enclave Feb. 1962. New Delhi 16, India Italy Repcrtorio Terapeutico 1963, ed. by Dr. R. Fumi. To be published June 1963. $9.00. Organizzazione Editoriale Medico Farmaceutica AJP May 1957, page 174 Via Edolo 42 Milan 5, Italy L'Informatore Farmaceutico Italiano 1963. $15.00. Yearbook of pharmaceutical industries in Italy with monthly supple- ments. The nature of this publication may have changed since it was reviewed in AJP May 1957, page 175. Organizzazione Editoriale Medico Farmaceutica Via Edolo 42 Milan 5, Italy Japan Review of Clinical Drugs. Revised biennially. Nippon Kajyo Printing Co. AJP Oct. 1957, page 375 2254, 5-chome, Shiina-machi Toshima-ku Tokyo, Japan Peru Vademecum de Especialidades Farmaceuticas por Los Quimicos Farmaceuti- cos, by Montesinos Ampuero and Jara Echea. Liberia Internacional del Peru, S.A. Casilla 1417 Lima, Peru Spain Diccionario Espanol de Especialidades Farmaceuticas. May 1963. 1,200- ptas. Annual subscription to Boletin Suplementario del DEDEF, 300,- ptas. SfaJ AJP May 1957, page 172 San Sebastian, Spain. APPENDIX F i A COOPERATIVE PROJECT IN NEW DRUG REPORTING Patricia Graham Bohr2 and Katherine Crawford Owen,3 Warner-Lambert Research Institute, Morris Plains, N.J. (Presented before the Division of Chemical Literature at the 143rd meeting of the American Chemical Society in Cincinnati, Jan. 14, 1963, and submitted for pub- lication to the Journal of Chemical Documentation.) 1 Not reprinted in this publication. 1 Assistant Librarian. • Librarian. 155 APPENDIX G STATEMENTS FROM THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AND THE U.S. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION In the course of preparing this report, a number of organizations were visited. The American Medical Association and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration have submitted the following statements. THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION DRUG INFORMATION PROGRAM Medical Communication and the Association January 25, 1963. The American Medical Association has always maintained as a major part of its program the role of communicating medical information. This program is of two aspects: postgraduate education of the physician and public health education of the nonmedical community. The task of keeping the physician informed with regard to progress in medicine is a formidable one today in view of rapid advances and specialization. The problem is one common to all the sciences: physical, biological, as well as social. A measure of the success of this scientific communication is the eminent world position of American science and American medicine. The association has met this challenge through the development of a number of mechanisms. Its Journal of the American Medical Association reaches all physicians in America and countries abroad, bringing original and secondary com- munications in the basic sciences, medical history, socioeconomics as well as clinical medicine. Similarly, its 10 specialty journals—the AMA Archives—are designed to reach the specialist. Nonserial publications familiar to all physicians are the New and Nonofficial Drugs, the Current Medical Terminology, and the American Medical Directory, to cite a few. Twice each year, a Scientific Assembly is held, rotating in different parts of the country, bringing the physician in face-to-face contact with his colleagues. The library, one of the largest in the country, provides literature searches as well as facsimiles of articles. To coordinate world medical literature, the association cooperates with the National Library of Medicine to produce the Cumulated Index Medicus. Finally, through the method of ad hoc and standing committees, the association is able to call upon its membership to discuss any problem in medicine where a meeting of the best medical minds is required. The Deuo Problem That the introduction of chemical substances into the body for therapeutic purposes poses numerous problems has long been recognized by the association. As early as 1905, a Standing Committee on Drugs was appointed for the purpose of working toward safety in drugs, correct labelling, enactment of a Food and Drugs Act and informing the medical profession of new forms of therapeutics In recent times, however, especially after the Second World War, great advances were made m drug therapy. The association was acutely aware of the need to expand its drugs information program, utilizing the resources of its staff and its membership. Toward this end, the program of the Department of Drugs was divided into main sections: Drug Evaluation and Drug Information Drug evaluation" comprises the activities of the staff, council members and consultants as they pertain to the review and appraisal of available evidence pv«iS,™™%U8i' KrlaJ^ !ufet7 of medicinal agents. Reports on these tZ ul° are ?r? *PubllBhed in *he Journal of the American Medical Association and later cumulated man annual publication, the New and Nonofficial Drugs. Ihe monograph on each drug gives authoritative conclusions based on available 156 DRUG LITERATURE 157 evidence regarding the indications and contraindications of the drug along with its^efficacy and adverse effects. "Drug information" comprises activities of the staff as they pertain to the storing and retrieving of information for use of the evaluators, the physician community and other authorized persons. Procedure 1. A new drug is considered for evaluation by the Council on Drugs at the time of its submission to the Food and Drug Administration. 2. Each drug is assigned to an evaluator to compile a monograph. (Senior staff member, Department of Drugs—M.D. and/or Ph. D.). 3. The Documentation Section of the department is notified and a bibliography on the drug is compiled for the evaluator. Information on the drug is requested from pharmaceutical firms (published and unpublished). 4. The evaluator, with the Documentation Section, organizes the material from (3) and sends it to 6 selected consultants in the field. 5. On return of the material, the evaluator drafts a monograph, utilizing the data and opinion of the consultant. 6. The draft of the monograph with the data is referred to a referee chosen from the Council on Drugs for review and for suggestions. 7. The amended monograph is transmitted to the pharmaceutical firm(s) for comment. 8. The monograph is returned to the referee. 9. The monograph is edited by the department staff and referred to the director of the Department of Drugs for review. 10. The council reviews and approves the monograph and its digest for publica- tion in the Journal of the American Medical Association or New and Nonofficial Drugs. 11. The monograph and digest are submitted to the pharmaceutical firm(s) for final review before publication. 12. At periodic intervals, monographs in the New and Nonofficial Drugs are updated. The evaluation of a drug entails objective review of all available information on the drug. The council utilizes several sources of information: (1) selected published literature; (2) opinion of consultants in the field; (3) reports from the manufacturer; (4) special studies conducted by the department, e.g., Registry of Blood Dyscrasias. Expansion of the Program The coordination of this information requires the development and expansion of both staff and working tools. (/) Drug Names File.—-The development of a drug names file is a continuing activity of the association. A Committee on Nomenclature is maintained under the department, with representatives from the U.S. Pharmacopoeia, World Health Organization, Nordic Pharmacopoeia, French Codex, U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the National Formulary. Plans are underway to make the file international in scope and to include all names of a given drug and its synonyms. ( (2) Medical Terminology.—The present subject heading list is being expanded and refined so that the following information, which is presently being indexed, may be reached in depth: Pharmacological, toxicological and collateral actions of drugs; Indications and efficacy; Dosage, forms and mode of administration; Side effects, adverse reactions; Contraindications to therapeutic usage; Relation to other drugs; Relation to diseases, symptoms and syndromes; and Antidotes and treatment of toxic and adverse reactions. 15S DRUG LITERATURE area. ^j^^SS^^^^.^ on which monographs have KSlfe11 tt^^-^rSet or eliminated from New SemtrsabarrcoCnSe? -lection and expansion of °Tt Sesont about 525 journal issues are scanned, yielding about 1,360 pertinent arttclS ncr month These articles are indexed and routed to the Drug Evaluation staflfasThey Pertain to their area. Expansion of this "minimum program" is b^l'eclZLtion.-The association has on its premises an IBM 1401 com- puter StSes are presently being conducted for conversion of the indexing and Retrieval system from the manual to the mechanized system. The first file to be converted "is the comprehensive Drug Names File. (5) Personnel.—During the past 2 years, the association has conducted an intensive recruitment program to attract the most qualified personnel in the C°Ther>staff has expanded several fold and is presently divided into specialized sections: Senior staff (M.D. and/or Ph.D.)----------------------- 12 Junior professional staff------------------------------- 11 Clerical staff---------.....---------------------------__22 Total_________________________________________ 55 [sicJ (tf) Communication Media.—The association is making available to the profes- sion its many means of disseminating this information. a. Detailed, descriptive statements about new single entity drugs are published in the Journal as soon as practicable after a drug first becomes available. These are called "Preliminary Statements." b. Additional information, as it becomes available following the Prelimi- nary Statements are published in the Journal under the council column, "New Drugs and Developments in Therapeutics." c. A monograph is prepared for each drug for publication in the New and Nonofficial Drugs, issued annually by the association. A change in format and expansion of coverage are planned for this guide. d. Each monograph appearing in the Journal or the New and Nonofficial Drugs will be prefaced by a summary of council opinion, incorporating comparisons with older similar drugs whenever possible. e. Quarterly indexes to all council statements will be published in the council column in the Journal. f. A Questions and Answer Service is provided for physicians who require information on drugs. The aim of the program is to bring to the medical community authoritative, pertinent and timely information with regard to drug therapy. The American Medical Association is mobilizing its membership and resources to facilitate this information feedback among medical scientists, an operation vital to the health of the Nation. DRUG LITERATURE 159 February 1, 1963 United States Government Memorandum Food and Drug Administration To: Dr. Frank B. Rogers, Director, National Library of Medicine, Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md. From: Deputy Commissioner of Food and Drugs Subject: Nature and Magnitude of Drug Literature We appreciate the opportunity to contribute to your report on the "Nature and Magnitude of Drug Literature" for Senator Humphrey's Subcommittee on Reorganization and International Organizations. Our medical staff is aware of the problems of the researcher and the practicing physician from its own experience in trying to keep abreast of the drug explosion of the last 20 years and its literature, especially on untoward effects. Our library began in 1948 to systematically index drug reaction reports. Our coverage of the literature has gradually expanded until at present we review ap- proximately 250 titles in experimental and clinical pharmacology and medicine. These comprise the majority of the English-language journals in these fields. Included are abstract journals which keep us in touch with important foreign- language reports. There is scarcely an issue that does not contain at least one report of adverse effects. A number—such as the British Medical Journal, which routinely gives wide coverage to this subject, and the Journal of the American Medical Associa- tion—may contain as many as 12 items on drug reactions per weekly issue. We accumulate an average of 250 such references per month. However, these com- prise only those articles that are so identified by title or by scanning of text. We know there is a great deal of pertinent information buried under broad, ob- scure, or seemingly irrelevant titles, but our limited facilities have not permitted in-depth coverage of these articles. We are concerned that some may contain the first suspicions of hitherto unrecognized manifestations of drug reactions, which, brought to light, could speedily be called to the attention of the medical profession. In spite of the time we devote to screening the drug literature, we have been finding it increasingly difficult to keep abreast because of its volume. This problem is especially acute in regard to foreign coverage. During the last 5 years pharmaceutical research in Europe has made unprecedented strides. This is now being reflected in the foreign literature. We are not aware of any existing estimate of the number of articles on drug toxicity that appear annually in the world medical literature. However, in a recent monthly issue of the Index Medicus we counted, roughly, 325 reports. We further noted that more than two-thirds of the references were in foreign-language journals. This figure is a minimum estimate since the Index does not cover the entire world literature and includes references to leading articles only. Our experience has shown that many drug reactions are reported in the form of "letters to the editor" as well as in question-and-answer columns. The total quantity of medical literature, the lack of ready accessibility of many of the foreign journals, the delays in obtaining translations or abstracts, and the inevitable time lag between the occurrence of a drug mishap and the appearance of a published report increase the burden on the physician and health official responsible for drug safety. The thalidomide incident underscored this fact. But even before that physicians were expressing the frustration of all scientists in trying to cope with the literature explosion. Robert Moses, in his report on "Diseases of Medical Progress" (Clin. Pharm. Ther. 2:446-522, 1961), expresses it in his introduction: . * * * It would be a gross presumption to assume that a single author could read all of the literature which would bear upon this subject. It is appreciated that the large body of foreign-language literature is unfortunately neglected, and it is equally understood that the number of unrecorded obser- vations of iatrogenic disease exceed by far those which appear in contem- porary publications. However, despite these omissions, the amount of literature reviewed has become increasingly voluminous. 97-201—63----VI 160 DRUG LITERATURE At times the broadening expanse of medical knowledge seems overwhelm- ing To keep abreast of trends in diagnosis and therapy appears to be an impossible undertaking. An individual lifetime seems inadequate. Yet it is this continuing intellectual challenge that generates the vitality which is the very essence of the practice of medicine. .... In addition to the open literature, there is a body of available toxicojogical data to be considered whose format and method of dissemination are such that it is not likely to come to the attention of the physician or other interested or responsible individuals in the normal course of his "keeping up with the litera- ture " We have in mind, for example, the mortality data on drug poisonings and therapeutic misadventures compiled by the U.S. National Vital Statistics Division. At present these data are buried under broad headings in lengthy tables that include all causes of death and are published in special reports that may not come to the attention of many clinicians. The medical community is taking steps to try to alleviate the problem. For manv vears the U.S. physician has had special tools to aid him in his se- lective use of new drugs. The most important of these are the manufacturer's drug brochure and the"monographs on new drugs that are initially published in the Journal of the American Medical Association and subsequently compiled into an annual volume, New and Nonofficial Drugs. Also to be mentioned are the AM A Council on Drug's periodic drug evaluations, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. In recent years a number of new weekly services have been added. Timeliness and brevity are their selling points. These include the Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics, which features up-to-date comparative evaluations of new drugs, and Clin Alert, which consists of a series of brief abstracts that alert the physician to new or unusual types of drug reactions. Another significant development is your MEDLARS project. Your plan for accelerating the rate of indexing the world literature and disseminating it by field of interest should go far to solve many of the problems that plague us now with the foreign literature. Your making available on a continuing basis all the infor- mation you collect on drug toxicity will be of material assistance to us. John L. Harvey. / APPENDIX H STATEMENT BY NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE Department op Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md., April 23, 1963. Senator Hubert H. Humphrey, U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. Dear Senator Humphrey: I am happy to add my comments to the report which the Library has prepared on behalf of your committee. I should like to take the opportunity briefly to describe the function of libraries in relation to drug information, and more particularly to mention some of the contributions which the National Library of Medicine has made toward the solution of the admittedly complex problems surrounding this subject. To the three classes of resources supporting national drug research programs— facilities, manpower, and finances—there should be added a fourth, information resources. The library system may be considered as the institutional form through which our society has traditionally organized these information resources, and it is only in recent years that this country has become aware of their economic significance. Demonstrations that libraries are a source of national wealth, rather than a provocation of administrative outlay, have been difficult to make. It is only when we start to compare the relatively modest costs of conventional libraries with the staggering costs of proposed alternative and substitute systems for the management of scientific information that the relative economy of library systems becomes apparent. Libraries collect, organize, store, and disseminate the published literature. Those concerned with the drug literature are of many types: medical school libraries, libraries at schools of pharmacy, hospital libraries, and libraries repre- senting industrial and independent research and development organizations, including notably the special libraries of pharmaceutical firms. For all of these libraries, the National Library of Medicine stands as an ultimate national resource. The Library functions which most directly affect the management and availa- bility of the published literature related to drugs may be divided as follows: acquisition, bibliographical control, servicing the collections, cooperative enter- prises, and finally, the MEDLARS system. Acquisitions.—With long years of experience behind it, the National Library of Medicine has developed its skills for the identification and collection of all types of scientific publications from every corner of the world. At the National Library of Medicine 26 skilled persons devote all their time and efforts to this function. The Library's published listing, Biomedical Serials, 1950-60, provides current evidence of the breadth of the global acquisitions policy which has been conducted by the Library for over 80 years. By virtue of its comprehensive acquisitions policy, the Library guarantees the presence in the United States of at least one copy of any publication within its defined scope. I am tempted to digress for a moment on the statistical magnitude of the published drug literature. Biomedical Serials lists 5,711 serials which contain original reports; these have been selected from 19,000 serial publications of all types received by the Library. The World List of Pharmacy Periodicals, included as appendix C of our report, lists 935 journal titles of which only 339 are currently published and classified as "scientific." Counts of serial titles in our opinion represent an unsatisfactory measurement of the magnitude of the drug literature problem; counts of the papers conveying new information are far more significant. This is pertinent in evaluating the Library's indexing program. The 2,200 journal titles currently covered by the Index Medicus, selected from the larger population, represent about 75 percent of the original writings reporting new information. Bibliographical Control—Since 1876, the Library has matched these global collecting policies with acceptance of the responsibility for indexing the contents of the literature. Extensive bibliographical undertakings, the Index Catalogue of 161 162 DRUG LITERATURE the Library of the Surgeon General's Office and the Index Medicus, have played \ maio-13c norganising the literature of drugs. This indexing tradition has be?n carried on wifhout interruption to the present tune, and serves as the core of the Library's new MEDLARS system. Made possible by it is a host of other b bliogr^phical activities. For example, the Library s published Psychopharmaca (1958?a£-mblod references to all articles in this newly developing area. Another example is the Library's annual Bibliography of Medical Reviews, which notes the appearance in the world literature of thousands of critical review papers synthesizing new knowledge, including, of course, that relating to drugs, pharma- cology, and experimental therapeutics. x , s u Servicing Collections .—This classic bibliographic tradition has been matched by a tradition of free lending of Library materials thus indexed Indeed, were it not for the Index Medicus, it is highly probable that thousands of researchers in the United States would not locate references to and borrow copies of original drug research papers published throughout the world. The Library lends its materials in the form of hard copy photoduphcations of journal articles. Last year it made 125,000 such loans. This photoduplication load approximates 3,000,000 pages per year. The libraries of medical schools, where much pharmacological research is concentrated, account for about 14 percent of this total, and industrial research libraries, including the libraries of the pharmaceutical industry, account for another 13 percent. By its guaranteeing national availability in the form of loans of almost the entirety of world scientific publication related to biomedical science, the NLM plays an important role in supplying drug researchers with the international literature. Cooperative Enterprises.—By tradition the NLM has engaged cooperatively with other interests concerned with the management of scientific information. This tradition of international cooperation has carried down to the present. The Library has been actively represented at UNESCO conferences and com- mittee functions concerned with the abstracting andlndexing of the biomedical literature, with activities of the Abstracting Board of the International Council of Scientific Unions, and with the International Federation fpr Documentation. On a national level, the Library cooperates with both public agencies and private groups. Thus, it has informal operating agreements with the other two national libraries, the Library of Congress and the National Agricultural Library, covering the division of collecting and servicing responsibilities. The Library's Director, by law, is an ex officio member of the Science Information Council of the Office of Science Information Services, National Science Foundation. The Library services generously the requirements of programs in scientific fields of every Federal agency concerned with biomedical activities. The Library has a solid record of coordination and cooperation with private groups in endeavoring to improve access to the published drug literature. Thus, together with representatives from Chemical Abstracts and Biological Abstracts, it has participated in planning sessions of the Literature Committee of the Phar- maceutical Manufacturers Association, as this committee has deliberated industrial nf^u J&r .?r Ainformation services. It has participated in planning meetings with Chemical Abstracts, Biological Abstracts, and Excerpta Medica for the ultimate purpose of reducing duplication, increasing"£coverage, and attaining practicable compatibility among the systems. Wp^MFnT~Atth£ .Library,f> Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval system (MLDLARS) is expected to phase into operations starting January 1964. ; nS -TV W^ch C0™Pute r.lzes the indexing functions performed by the Library, u. expected to have wide national implications. A brief review of its capabilities would be pertinent First, MEDLARS will permit the Library to increase its l£T%^Ze^i°f the lite™turefrom 150,000 papers per year to 250^000 by subfectfS ThirT^^Tr^1! be "dexedat the depth of an average 8-10 workTtKv^i iifddlto0n+l0 VT}nt™8 the Index Medicus and its derivative 7^nt]£t^™Z?l1&Vfi 2 °ther fundament*l capabilities providing 50 con- and^retrievalVerv^f/fo^-T,7 r?Search fi.|lds' and Providing demand search a°S "ineyal services at a high level of specificity. It gains enormouslv in its nShSH^lfic+ance/r0m the fact that Jt & concerned with™ vit boX of Spen ^h^^^^0!^^^^^ Y is l0Cated in ^^to?yJ^. ^| t^ the ^^ -P^y tion'tTdient^ h™?™> » th* Library's determina- Bv decentXSK at, the earliest Practicable moment. to pe^txS^i£Sfi?n^i d$?llcat!on .and conversion of tapes and programs V mil multiple institutions, public and private, to accomplish the same searches DRUG LITERATURE 163 as will be performed in the Library. Access to the literature will thereby be materially enhanced. By its decision to decentralize the searching capabilities for MEDLARS tapes, the Library will move to capitalize on the public funding of this national asset. This means that other Government agencies and research installations, medical schools, and private centers of drug research, and the pharmaceutical industry generally will have ready access to this searching potential. With the establish- ment of decentralized search centers, the power of producing special listing services for various fields of research will be multiplied enormously. The Library looks to this development to keep every pharmacologist, pharmaceutical chemist, and clinician currently alert to the literature of concern to his field of investigation. The Library believes that with MEDLARS it is moving into a new era of scientific bibliography. The classic library functions, collection, organization, storage, and servicing of the published literature, which are indispensable to the management of the scientific record, will be preserved; the institutional forms through which these functions are performed will of necessity develop with advancing technology. These will make possible a more effective management of published drug information. Additional NLM Interests.—As a national library, with a statutory responsibility for the dissemination of health and medical information, the National Library of Medicine is deeply concerned with the health and service capabilities of other medical libraries. As the MEDLARS system becomes operative, the need for the strengthening of medical library resources and services poses a critical prob- lem; the full benefits of the MEDLARS system to the American medical estab- lishment cannot be realized without the rehabilitation of local medical libraries. Over a long period of time, local resources have proved to be inadequate to provide for the normal development of medical libraries at rates commensurate with the increase in research and educational requirements. The Library believes that a comprehensive program of Federal support is essential to rehabilitate the medical library system. This will require assistance for programs of education and training, for the building of new library facilities, for the augmentation of library collections, and for research and development in library technology. Only through such extensive exploitation of our medical libraries can the country's medical research effort be supported with information services at a level adequate to the national purpose. Sincerely yours, Frank B. Rogers, M.D., Director, National Library of Medicinr. INDEX A Paga Abbott Laboratories____________________________________________ 50 Abstracts and abstracting. _ 10, 12-13, 15-16, 18-22, 42^56, 86, 125, 159^160, 162 Abstracts of Soviet Medicine_____________________________________ 42 Adams, Scott_________________________________________________ 51 Adkinson, B. W------------------------------------------44, 46, 48, 50 Adverse Reaction Program, Food and Drug Administration___________ 5 Adverse reactions-------------- vii-viii, 3-5, 17, 28, 30, 32, 45, 77, 84, 159-160 Adverse Reactions, Registry of, American Medical Association_________ 5 Advertising---------------------------- 15-17, 23, 29-31, 34-35, 37-38, 160 Aeschlimann, John_____________________________________________47-48 Agencv for International Development____________________ _ v Altering Ring------------------------------------ 12-13, 15, 28, 53, 155 Alerting service___________________________________________9, 47, 50-53 AMA-USP Nomenclature Committee_______________________ 24-25, 28, 157 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy________ 10-11, 14, 23, 26, 57-85 American Chemical Society (see also Chemical Abstracts)_______13, 50, 52-54 American Drug Index__________________________________________ 27 American Druggist Blue Book___________________________________ 26 American Hospital Formulary Service_____________________________ 27 American Institute of Chemical Engineers__________________________ 54 American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy________________________ 13, 26, 86 American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education_____________________ 57 American Medical Association______________ viii-ix, 5-6, 24-26, 28, 156-158 American Phai maceutical Association_____________________ viii-ix, 2, 13, 26 American Society of Hospital Pharmacists_________________________ 13, 58 Andrews, Theodora___________________________________________ 86-124 Antibiotics (publication)________________________________________ 45 Antibiotics Manufacture, Economic Report on______________________ 17 Approved names______________________________________________ 26 Audiences for information_______________________ vi-vii, 8, 26, 37-38, 45-46 B Baker, Dale_____________________________.....---------------- 50-51 Bartlett, Lynn________________________________________________ 52 BASIC______________________________________________________ 19-20 Battelle Memorial Institute_____.....---------------------------42, 45 Baver_____________.....-------------------------------------- 12 Beer, C. T___________________________________________________ 32 Bibliographies__________________ 10-11, 13, 15, 18, 20, 22, 26, 57-154, 161-162 Bibliography of Chemical Reviews-------------------------------- 22 Bibliography of Medical Reviews________________________________ 22, 162 Biochemical Title Index_________________________________----- Is, 20-21 Biological Abstracts_______________________________Ix> 18-21, 48-51, lb2 Biological Abstracts Subjects in Context-------------------------- cV Biological Titles_______________________________________________Cfi ^J Biomedical Serials______________________--------.-------------8°> ™!L Blood Dyscrasias, Registry of, American Medical Association---------- b, 157 Bohr, P. G________________________________________________ ijg Bowes, J. E-------------------------------------------------- 8 dS Boykin, Elizabeth-----------------........--------------------- °» ** Brand names--------------.--.---------------* 9- British Pharmacopoeial Commission------------------------....... ^ Brown, E. A------------------------------ 52 Buchanan, O. H----------------------------............. 165 166 INDEX Cancer Chemotherapy Abstracts----------------------------------- *8, 21 Cancer Chemotherapy National Service Center. _............---------- H Cancer Chemotherapy Screening Data------------------------------ *L Cardiovascular Literature Project--------------------------- - - - l°> jA *' Cards______........-......................----------- 16> 23> 28-29» 53 Case studies..........-.........-......---.....-......-------....."* 2$ Cavallito, C. J_________________.....-------......-------------- jg ('erebrovascular Bibliography-------------------------------------- ^0 Cerebrovascular Disease, Joint Council Subcommittee on--------......_ 20 Chance discovery________________________________________________ 33 Charial, M. L_______________.....------------------------------- 55 Chemical Abstracts______________ix, 10, 16, IS-22, 24, 29;45, 48-53, 86, 162 Chemical-Biological Activities--------------- ---------------- 10, 29, 53 Chemical-biological coordination.------------- 10, 13, 15-16, 28-29, 51-53, 155 Chemical instrumentation----------------------------------------- 13 Chemical Literature, Division of, American Chemical Society----------- 13 Chemical names______________________________________________ 23-24, 27 Chemical notations______________________________________________ 54 Chemical Papers___________________________________________---- 48 Chemical Society of London_______________________________________ 48 Chemical Titles________________________________.....-.. 18, 20 21, 48, 50 Chemotherapy Research Bulletin----------------------------------- 28 Chlordiazepoxide case study____________________________________ 15, 32, 36 Chlorpromazine papers___________________________________________ 15 Ciba-----......-------------------------------------------- 12,47-48 Clin-Alert----------------------------------------------- _____28, 160 Clinical testing__________________________________________________ 30 Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products.________________________ 28 Code numbers___________________________________________________ 23 24 Codeless Scanning____________________________________________ 47-48* 50 Columbia University, Pharmaceutical Literature and" Librarianship courses____________________________________________________ iq Composite List of Journals of Pharmaceutical Interest_________34-36, 125-139 Computer searching-------------------------------- 19-20, 49,52, 162-163 Computer translation_______________________________________ 52 Computers_____________________ ' aq IBM 704_______________ 40 ibm 1401------------------::::::::::::::::::::::::"i6r22l'siliS Conrad, G. M__________________________________ ' 20 51 Consultant services__________________________ ~ ' 17 Consultants Bureau_________________________~~~ A Cooperative collection.. .. n COPNIPList_________ n l\ Currenl CoSenff' AmedCan MediCal ASS°CiaUOn::":::::- ^J^'5^ Current List of Medical" Literature" ' ' ' ia cutts, j. h__________________""I:.:::::::::::::::::::::::— 32 Defense, Department of_____ Definitions: v Books __ Drug __________"'.I'.'/.'."'.'.--------.....------------------------- 14 Drug compendia ____~~~ " *~2 Drug literature " """..... .......--- 23 Periodicals_______""" vi, 1-3,42 Pharmaceutical literat'ure"control .....-------......"" ]$ Degand, P_______ _ 42 de Haen, Paul __ '_ 44 Department of Science ........-------28-29,54 Derwent _____ "" 43-44 Detailmen... """""-- iD Dictionaries ___~_" .....7,31,37-38 Direct mail advertising" 14 Directories ...... ......-.23,30-31,35,37 Disease incidence..~~_ ........---------11, 17,60 "Docuform" service """ 17 ""'......-------------.....------------- 16 INDEX 167 Page Documentation, Inc________......_____________________________ 16, 22 Documentation Ring_______________________________ 10, 12-13, 48, 50, 52 Dokumentationsring der Chemisch-Pharmazeutischen Industrie________ 10, 12-13, 48, 50, 52 Drug. (See also Pharmaceutical; since most subjects in this index are related to drugs, they are usually not prefaced by the term.) Drug compendia 2, 11, 14-17, 23-29, 34-35, 44, 60-63, 86, 140-154, 156-158, 160 Drug, definition_______________________________________________ 1-2 Drug industry --------------------------------------2, 9-10, 28, 29-31 Drug Information Sources_________________________ 11, 23, 42-44, 140-154 Drug literature, definition______________________________________ 1-3, 42 Drug names_________________________________________ vn, 23-26, 32-36 Drug Safety, Commission on, Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association. 5 Drug Topics Red Book_________________________________________ 26 Drugs marketed, number_____________________________________3, 6-7, 15 Duplication of effort___________________________________________ 45 Dyson, G. M--------------------------------------------47,49,51,53 E Economic Report on Antibiotics Manufacture_______________________ 17 Education........____________________________ vn, 10-12, 14, 57-85, 156 Elpern, W--....._____________________________________________ 47 Emilio, B. R____________....._________________________________ 2, 18 Engelbert, Herbert____________________________________________ 24 Evaluation.........____________________________vn, 6, 27, 37-38, 156-158 Excerpta Medica______________________________________________ 162 Exhibits_____________________________________________________ 31 Expenditures, Federal__________________________________________ v Experimental numbers_______________________________________ 24, 28, 34 Extra Pharmacopoeia__________________________________________ 27 F Facts and Comparisons_________________________________________27, 35 Federal agency information systems_______________________________ v Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act____________________________ 2 Federal Trade Commission______________________________________ 17 Films______.....____________________________________________ 31 Fitch, W. K__________________________________________________ 45,56 Fleming, T. P_________________________________________________ 18 Food and Drug Administration__________ v, viii-ix, 5, 20, 24, 29, 157, 159-160 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act----------------------------------- 2 Francke, Don________________________________________ 2,6,44-45,55-56 French Codex______________________________________________ - 25, 157 Frome, Julius_________________________________________________ 49 G Garfield, Eugene, Associates (see also Institute for Scientific Information) - 45, 48, 52, 54 Geigy------------------------------------------------------- 12 General Electric Co____________________________________________ ^i Generic names________________________________________________ oq Gleason, M. N________________________________________________ *° Government publications-------------------------.-------------- l'> 6l Groupement International de I'lndustrie Pharmaceutique, Documenta- tion Center------------------------------------------------- H Hamlin, K. E.____.......-.....---------------------------- 47) jg Hampton, R. J_________________________________ 07 Hardt, R. A--------------.....----------------- " 4- 49 Harte, Robert--------------------------------------------"I" 159-160 Harvey, J. L----------------------A------------------- nc Health, Education, and Welfare, Department of-------------......-- ^ Herner & Co-------------zc~."^'~, —1""""\ " 47 ^0 Hoffman-La Roche (see also Roche Laboraton es)------------......— *'<•>" Pharmacopoeia of the Umted states--------------..... 168 INDEX Pagt ____2, 15, 26, 30, 65 Hospital pharmacy.......------------------ ______ v Hospital systems......-----------......--- "~~~"""________ 15, 31 House organs---------------------- ^______________ V_IX Humphrey, H. H-------------------------- ¥ . . * _________________ 3 !XT:nmi;rr;:;::::::::::::::::::::::::------ io. is, 20-21,«,so, m Index, Handbook of Cardiovascular Agents-------------fo" is 20_48-51 102 inaexeSlnie^ Industry house organs----------------------------y , " , r~~; c7 \fin Information centers_____________________________________ 21» ^~A'^ bZ> 15;~*™ Information for Industry----------------------:------------------- ---- on Institute for Advancement of Medical Communication.------------ ix, 11 Institute for Scientific Information (see also Garfield, Eugene, Asso- ciates)_______________________________________________________ IX> 2°-21. j2 Interagency coordination--------------------.....----------------------- v T nt**r I i I )rjirv lo&ns - - - -_________________--------------— — — i*>& International aspcctV.".V.""vii,"3," 10-12, 16, 25, 32-36, 42, 44, 55-56, 159, 161-162 International Council of Scientific Unions-------------------------- 162 International Federation of Documentation---------------------9, 50, 162 International nonproprietary names---------------------------- 3, 25-26 International Pharmaceutical Federation________ 11-12, 44-46, 55-56, 86-139 Investigational products________________________________________ 28-29 Journal of the American Medical Association____________ 26-27, 156-158, 160 Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association_________________ 26 Journal Mondial de Pharmacie_______________________________44, 55-56 K Kefauver, Estes______________________________________________ 17 Kelsey, F. E_____________________________.....l______________ 54 Key to Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Literature___________ 13 Keyword in context indexes____________________________ 19, 21, 48-49, 51 Knoll____________________________________________________ 12 "KWIC" indexes------------------------------------ 19, 21~, 48-49, 51 L Laboratory numbers_____________________________ 24 28 34 LABS Committee, Special Libraries Association_____________ 911 45I47' 51 Lage, Louise______________ __ ' 47 Langlykke Asger....-------.....--//////////I/Zi^g/H, 42-46 Lasslo, Andrew______ ' ,e uZg^SSZ::::—......:::::::::-~---"":™:""T«y» i2fS^B.-L:::::::::::::::::---........-"-"-"-"-"-"-"'-"iiV^M,^ LlbSIfof-con^-.:::::::::::---..........:::::"~i£ir™;iti;hi-m Lilly Research Laboratories.. _ / "" 3i-3<5 Literature Committee, Pharmaceutical MYnufYrturera 9-11 Luhn, H. P 29> 46-54, 162 48_4Q McCann, Anne Machine codes____11111111 .....------------8' 44' 140_154 Magnetic tapes______ZZ~ 1 n'Tc—..... ^ Marketing, vinblastine -~-------------------- 17 Medical Letter on Drugs and TherYpYuTics" o^o^fin M K LiSu^T^100 Pharl°y Libraries Gr"o"up:------I6-12I& 24 Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Svatfm. P ""on n1J', H% Retrieval System.,."/."/lx,~20, 51, 160-163 INDEX 169 Page Medicinal chemistry___________________________________________ 15 MEDLARS_______________________________________ ix, 20, 51, 160-163 Meeting papers______________________________.._______^____ 5, 13, 32-34 Merck_______________________________________________________ 12 Merck Index______________________________________.___________27-28 Microfilm_____________________________________________" _"_____ 16 Miller, L. C____________________________________________._____23-24 Mitteilungen liber Neue Pharmazeutische Spezialpraparate__________ 27 Modell, Walter________________________ ______________________ 6, S Modern Drug Encyclopedia_____________________________________ 26-28 Monsanto Chemical Co_________________.......________________ 52 Moore, A. M__________________________ ____________________ 9, 46-54 Moses, Robert__________________ __________________________ 159-160 N National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council...._______43, 47, 54 National Agricultural Library____________________________________ 162 National Bureau of Standards___________________'________________ 44 National Cancer Institute_______________________________________ 21-22 National Clearinghouse for Poison Control Centers. _____i~____________ 5, 28 National Disease and Therapeutic Index________________ _;.______'.__ 17 National Drug Information Clearinghouse__________________________ ix National Federation of Science Abstracting and Indexing Services------- 18, 44 National Formulary______________________________________ 2, 25-27, 157 National Heart Institute_______________________________________ 20, 22 National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness_____________ 20 National Institutes of Health______________________v, vin, 20-22, 47, 51, 54 National Library of Medicine (see also Index Medicus and MEDLARS) __ v-ix , 10, 14, 22, 49-51, 161-163 National Science Koundation.______. . .._ _________ New drug applications_____ ... .. ------ - ----- New names_______ __ - -- ___---------- New and Nonofficial DruiiS-- ----------- — New York Academy of Medicine Committee on Public Health. Newsletters. _______ -___ -. ---------..... - Newspapers________ _--. -- ---------- - \FN-Niivno______________________ ... ---- Noble, R. L____ ________________ ---- - ; ;'>- Nomenclature_______________________ ----- -- 23-20,32-36 Nomenclature Committee, American Medical Association, United States Pharmacopeia____________________---------- 24-25, 28, 157 Nonproprietary names ______________ ----- ------ •*> r'^_'~,L Nordic Pharmacopoeia Commission______ ---- ------- 25^15/ Number of drugs______________________________ - 3, 6-<,15 O Oatfield, Harold.. _______________________________ ---- ------------ 2,18 Office of Technical Services_____-------------------- — --■------- "*i Official titles_____ ___________________________________ ----- ^•-•'"r! Owen, K. C_______ _______________________________ -4. loo P 31 Pamphlets_______________________________________________--- i Pan American Sanitary Conference, 16th----------.....----------- * Patent Office_____________________________________::-:":;-.-,:-.-,:. %' -i Patents____________....._____--------------------- 13, 16, 19, oo-Ju. 4,, o2 Penicillin toxicity-------------------------- -:- --- ---- -. ■ ---- :;^_: c0"1A1 1RO Periodicals_______ vii, 5, 10-15, 17-23. 31-37, 4,, 48-50, M.-139. 156-159 161-162 Permuted title indexes-------------------------C"V--"*V-~ iVv '»- Pharmaceutical. (See also Drug; since most subjects in this index are "pharmaceutical" they are usually not prefaced by the modifier) Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Commission on, International rn^macevitiCB^^^ Federation--------------------------------------------- "' ' ' , - Pharmaceutical chemistry----------------------------- - - - - - ' Pharmaceutical Industries' Association Documentation Center...-.. i- 44, 46, 50-; >2, 162 21 , 29 23, 26 , 28 •■)- ", 1- >b--i; >8. Kid 2J)- -::o s , 38 15 , 30 26 170 INDEX Page Pharmaceutical Manufacturers A*octation„_ Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain-----......-.....----------- 45 Pharmacognosy.........--------------------.....--........-":: a* 7c_or Pharmacology.........-------------------------.....--- ' ' mCS Pharmacy . - _______________________________________ otr-o/ Pharmacy "College Libraries, Joint Committee on, American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy----.......-----------....... 10-H. <"> ^57-85 PhSi?!./-""-"------ --"-"/ "vi-viiY Y-Y," lV, "2Y-3Y," 37-38," "l"5"6, 159-160 Physicians' Desk Reference---------------......-------------- 26_27, 35 Physiology_______________________________________________________ coo Poison Control Centers_____________________________________________ 5, 28 Price, D. E_____.......-.......-........................-------- ' Price lists________________________________________________________ 26 Primary publications_____________________________________ 14-17, 23, 39, 42 Promotional literature_______.....-....... 15-17, 23, 29-31, 34-35, 37-38, 160 Proprietary names___________------------------------------------- 23-27 Peychopharmaca____________ - --------------------------------- 162 Psychopharmacology________ ..------------------------------ 83-84, 162 Public Health Service (see also National Institutes of Health and National Library of Medicine)..__________________________......— _ v, 5, 17, 28, 54 Public Law: 85-864 ______________________________________________________ 44 87-781_______________________________________________________ 25 "Public" names___________________________________________________ 24-25 Punched cards___________ _____________________________ 9, 13, 16, 47-49, 52 Pyrimidines_____________ ________________________________________ 49 R Randomfile____________________________________________________ 16 Reference works___________________________________________________ 57-85 Regnotto, M------------------------------------------------11111 55 Remington's Practice of Pharmacy_______________________________ _ 26-27 Ilemsen, D. B_________________________________________________"' 47 Reprints_____.....____________________________________ 31 35 Research ----- --------------- vi-viii, 2,"6-7,"9-ll,~21,~29,"47, 50,' 58 Restricted Express List/Pharmaceutical Activities Section (REL/PAS) 51 Reviews ----------------------------------- 9,11,13,15,22,42,44,86 Rhoads, P. S____________________________________ _ _ 38 Roche Laboratories (see also Hoffmann-LaRoche) __" //// 36 Rapture;;;//:---------- - ™-^~^™%™ Ruyssen, R______ 42' 45' ^ Sales----------------------- Samples-----..........________ " *' Sandoz . . _ ou, 01 Sarnoff, David_____11111111111111 .......'"" 47' 59 Science Information Exchange..1 /__"/ 0, Science and Technology Act of 19Y8//" .0 A Scull, C.W_____________ 43-44 Secondary publications/Z Z rz—r _ft JJ Senate Committee on Government OpYratiYnY.Z *2~«' «' 22 Senate Committee on the Judiciary -------------------v-ix, 43, 4b Senate Subcommittee on ReorganiZatioYand-fn{ernatIo"naf Organizations! v-i" Sewell, Winifred 43, 46 Slavic literature VI' IX> 44-45, 55, 86-124 Smith. R. G. .......----------------------------42,45 Smith Kline & French 29 ^Teciaf ?ianJ^^^'SciYncY InfYrmation" Exchange---------------12, o? ' 'd^ " Associati™> Pharmaceutical SecS ^eY^oUnlMed Stanford Research iYstit'ute U' 23' 28> 31' 42"47> 51, 125-154 Stecher, P. G............ ""........---.....---........___...... 43 INDEX 171 Page Steiger-Trippi, K______________________________________________ 55 Steinberg, Eliot____________________________________________47, 53-54 Sterling Winthrop Research Institute______________________________ 52 Steroid literature______________________________________________45, 49 Strieby, Irene_________________________________________________ 26 Subject headings______________________________________________ 51 Subsidia Pharmaceutica_________________________________________ 27 Systematic chemical names______________________________________ 23 T Tables of contents____________________________________ 18, 20-21, 45, 48 "Textape'' indexing service______________________________________ 16 Thomae______________________________________________________ 12 Thomasson, C. L___________________________________________ 57-85 Toxicity---------------- vn-vm, 3, 4-5, 17, 28, 30, 32, 45, 77, 84, 159-160 Trade-Mark Bureau, Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association_______ 26 Trade names__________________________________________________23-27 Trademarks__________________________________________________ 24-27 Trademarks Listed with the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association.. 26 Translations---------------------------------------- 42, 45-47, 52, 159 "Trivial" chemical names_______________________________________ 23 U UNESCO______________________________________________ 162 Union list of serials in pharmacy libraries__________________________ 11 U.S. Adopted Names (USAN)___________________________________ 25-26 United States Dispensatory______________________________________ 27-28 United States Pharmacopeia_________________________ ___2,24-28, 157 Unlisted Drugs---------------------------- 11, 24, 27-29, 31, 34, 125-139 Unpublished data______________________________________ vi-viii, 21, 160 Use studies__________.....______________________________ 37-38, 45-46 Users of information___________________________ vi-vn, 8, 26, 37-38, 45-46 V Veterans Administration________________________________________ v Vinblastine case study_______________________________________ 15, 32-36 Virogniaux, E_______________________________________________ 55 W Waldo, W. H_________________________________________________ 52 Waterman, A. T___________________________________________ 44, 50, 52 Welt, Isaac___________________________________________________ 47 Western Reserve University Center for Documentation and Communica- tion Research_______________________________________________ 43 Whitehead, A. N______________________________________________ 32 Williams, Walter______________________________________________ 44 Wiselogle, F. Y____......______________________________________47, 49 Wiswesser, William-------------------------------------------- 47 World Health Assembly, 15th___________________________________ 3 World Health Organization_______________________________ 3, 17, 25, 157 World List of Pharmacy Periodicals___________ 12, 15, 18, 34-36, 86-124, 161 World Medical Periodicals______________________________________ 86 Z Zachert, M. J______________________________________________ H, 57-85 O KIT TVNOir t ,*$ 3 it* / OF MEDICINE K. 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