SELECTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF AIRCREW OFFICERS INFORMATION RELEASED BY : PSYCHOLOGICAL BRANCH RESEARCH DIVISION OFFICE OF THE AIR SURGEON CAREFUL SELECTION MEANS BETTER PILOTS, BOMBARDIERS, AND NAVIGATORS Men are selected for Aviation Cadet training after thorough physical and psychological examinations. Final classification of those who meet physical and aptitude requirements is based upon three factors. Preference for pilot, bombardier, or navigator training ’ Preference for pilot, bombardier, or navigator training ’ Previous training and flying experience On the following pages is presented graphically a description of the men who are being trained to fly for the Amy Air Forces, Research findings from the Air Surgeon's Aviation Psychology Program are summarized showing how success in aircrew training -Car- be predicted. PRESENT AGE Ri* :UIREM£NT3 FOR AVIATION CADETS A IE SATISFACTORY REQUIREMENTS PI FITTING MEN WITH ALL DEGREES OF FORMAL EDUCATION ,ND BOTH MARRIED AND SINGLE MEN TO APPLY FOR AVIA: CON CADET TRAINING ARE JUSTIFIED Information about the Age and Education of Aviation Cadets is given in the following section. The relation of Age and of Education to success in pilot training is press ted in several charts. The comparative succc s of single men and married men in pilot train- ing is also shown. The fact that youngei men are slightly more successful in primary and basic pilot training • 5 encouraging in view of the fact that the ma- jority of recent Aviation Jadet candidates are quite young. There are no restrictions on Aviatii .1 Gadet applicants with respect to educational status; results confirm the soundness of this policy. The present policy of admitting married men to Aviation Cadet training is also shown to be Justified. X LEFT SCHOOL AtiD WORKED AS A flECHA/ilC BEFORE BECOnitiG A CADET I X PRACTICED LAW BEFORE BECOfllfiO- A CADET MORE AVIATION CADETS ARE BEING DRAWN FROM YOUNGER AGE GROUPS THAN WAS TRUE A YEAR AGO 3205 Men Tested in September 19^2 Age 33li7 Men Tested in September 19l)3 Aga These two groups of cadets include a random sample from each Flying Training Command February I9J4I1 hh~lD Psychological Branch, Research Division Office of the Air Surgeon, USAAF rOUNGER MEN HAVE A SLIGHTLY BETTER CHANCE OF SUCCEEDING IN PRIMARY PILOT TRAINING THAN OLDER MEN No. of Men Age Percent Eliminated in Primaiy Pilot Training 18-19 606 31* 20 868 31** 21 1639 3U* 22 1795 36* 23 11*30 35* 21* 1150 39* 25 1029 1*3* 26 816 1*6* 27-28 665 1*2* t ( Total 9998 37* The bars indicate the proportions eliminated at each age in Primary Pilot Training, Class Elimination is for flying deficiency, fear, and own request. Age is the age to the nearest birthday at the tibue of Glassifi- cation for pilot training. February, 19)4!* hk~9 Psychological branch. Research Division YOUNGER MEN HAVE A SLIGHTLY BETTER CHANCE OF SUCCEEDING IN BASIC PILOT TRAINING THAN OLDER MEN No. of Men Age Percent Eliminated in Basic Pilot Training 18-19 1*93 11* 20 707 10* 21 1281* 10* 22 1280 13* 23 811 13* 21* 652 15* 25 586 15* 26 1*31* 15* 27-28 366 18* i Total 6613 13* The bars indicate the proportions eliminated at each age in Basic Pilot Iraining, Class 1*3^1» Elimination is for flying deficiency, fear, and own request. Age is the age at the nearest birthday at the time of classi- fication for pilot training. January, 19^1* Psychological Branch, Research Division Office of the Air Surgeon, USAAF EIGHTY -NINE OUT OF ONE HUNDRED CADETS IN PRIMARY PILOT TRAINING HAVE A HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION OR BETTER AJyiONG AVIATION CADETS TO HAVE QUALIFIED FOR PILOT TRAINING THE AMOUNT OF EDUCATION BEARS LITTLE RELATION TO SUCCESS IN PRIMARY PILOT TRAINING Proportion of men at each educational level in primary pilot training No- of Men Amount of Education Percent Eliminated in Primary Pi 3ot Training Less than I* yrs of H.S. U yra. of K .S.. 1 yr, of Col'. 2 yrs of Col. More than 2 yrs.of Col. Total 1131 38* 5338 39* 1338 36* 1101 31* 970 39* I 9871i 37)» Percent of man at each educational These results are for Class L3-H for all training centers. Elimination is for flying deficiencyj, fear, and own request. February 19^U kU-V Psychological Branch, Research Division C:°f'so r - fur, con, U3AAP NINE OUT OF TEN CADETS IN BASIC PILOT TRAINING HAVE A HIGH SCHOOL EDUCA- TION OR BETTER AMONG AVIATION CADETS WHO HAVE QUALIFIED FOR PILOT TRAINING THE AMOUNT OF EDUCATION BEARS LITTLE RELATION TO SUCCESS IN BASIC SCHOOLS Proportion of men at each educational level in basic schools. No. of Men Amount of Education Percent Eliminated in Basic Pilot Training Less than U yrs of H.S. U yrs. of H.S • 1 yr. of Col. 2 yrs. of Col. More than 2 yrs.of Col. Total < 690 13* 3353 13* 951 12* 898 11* 717 lh% 6609 13* Percent of men at each educational level eliminated in basic schools. These results are for Class U3~I* Elimination is for flying deficiency, fear, and owi request. January, 19UU Psychological Branch, Research Division ; o: i1 i ~ .• , MARRIED MEN HAVE A SOMEWHAT BETTER CHANGE OF SUCCEEDING IN PRIMARY PILOT TRAINING THAN SINGLE MEN MARRIED MEN AND SINGLE MEN HAVE EQUALLY GOOD CHANCES FOR SUCCESS IN BASIC PILOT TRAINING No. of Men Marital Status Percent Eliminated in Primary Pilot Training Single 22,185 37-9* Married 1*,823 32,5* I Total 27,003 36.9* The bars indicate the proportions eliminated among single men and among married men in primary pilot training, Glasses G, and H. No. of Men Marital Status Percent Eliminated in Basic Pilot Training Single 5088 12.7* Married 1522 12.6* Total 6610 12,7* The bars indicate the proportions eliminated among single men and among married men in basic pilot training. Glass 1*3=1. Elimination is for flying deficiency, fear, and own request. January, 19iUi Psychological Branch, Research Division Office of the Air Surgeon, USAAF SUCCESSFUI AVIATION CADETS Ml ST HAVE A STRONG INTEREST IN FLY] JG In the following section is a chart Lng the proportions of Aviation Cadets who prefer Pilot, Bombardier and Navigator training. The strength of preference for the chosen sp cialties is indicated by the number of cadets selecting each preferen e waiver. Another chart compares the success in p .lot training of men whose first preference was for pilot training with the success in pilot training of men whose first preference was for bombardier or navigator training. It is the present policy not to recommend any man for pilot train- ing unless he confirms in an intex-view that he desires pilot training. X PREFERRED THE TYPE OF train/nr for mhich X HAD THE ,HtG-HESTSTAflMt J X PREFERR PILOT TRAIM/H& X PREFERRED hasieajor TRAIHiHG- J RKu^-Tlv l. FEbi*ShciCES ICR Pi LOT, UJD NAVIGATOR i'HAXNXI.G . I69,OOO cases Percent whose first choice is Navigator, Bombardier, or Pilot 1 Percentages for July and August are baaed on data from classification center® 1 and 3 only; percentages for the reat of the fiscal year* are based on date from all three classification center*. 2 The groupa for May and June are atypical, since they were selected from college training program student® because of high scores on the Educa- tional Examine, ti on o 10 November 19k3 Psychological Branch, Research Division, Office of the Air Surgeon, USAAF MEN DIFFER IN THE STRENGTH OF THEIR FIRST PREFERENCE IN AIRCREW TRAINING MEN WHOSE FIRST PREFERENCE IN AIRCREW TRAINING IS WEAK ARE SOMEWHAT MORE LIKELY TO BE ELIMINATED IN PRIMARY PILOT TRAINING THAN MM WITH STRONGER PREFERENCES The height of the bar indicates the proportion of men choosing each preference waiver. Preference Viaiver No. of Men Percent Eliminated in Primary Pilot Training W 7759 h5% X 751x8 36% Y 9803 3h% Z 11x15 36% The length of the bar indicates the proportion of those choosing each * preference waiver who are eliminated in primary pilot training. These data are from Classes G, andH. Elimination is for flying deficiency, fear, and own request. Legend: W - I would prefer to be classified for the type of duty for which I am found to have most aptitude, even though it is not the same as the duty for which I expressed first preference. X ■= I would prefer to be classified for the type of duty for which I am found to have most aptitude, only if my aptitude for that type of duty is distinctly higher than fox* the duty for which I expressed first preference. Y - I would prefer to be classified for the type of duty for which I am found to have most aptitude, only if my aptitude for my first preference is so low as to indicate that I would probably be elim= inated from that type of training. 2-1 would strongly prefer to be assigned to the type of training for which X indicated first preference, e/en though it is probable that I will not be successful in this type of training. February 19UU ‘ UU-13 Psychological Branch, Research Division Office of the Air Surgeon, USAAF' MEN WHOSE FIRST PREFERENCE WAS FOR PILOT TRAINING ARE MORE LIKELY TO SUCCEED IN PRIMARY PILOT TRAINING THAN MEN WHOSE FIRST PREFERENCE WAS FOR NAVIGATOR OR BOMBARDIER TRAINING No. of Men First Preference Percent Eliminated in Primary Pilot Training Pilot 23,775 36$ Bombardier 310 65$ Navigator 697 55$ I C Total 211,782 37$ These data are from Glasses I*3~F, G, end H. Elimination is for flying deficiency, fear, and own request. The proportion of men assigned to pilot training whose first preference was for navigator or bombardier training is very small; of the total number cf men in these classes only 1*25$ preferred bombardier training and only 2.81$ preferred navi- gator training. But two-thirds of the former and over half of the latter were eliminated in primary pilot training, as compared with about one-third of those whose first preference was for pilot training- Men are assigned to pilot training against their first preference either because they do not qualify for their first preference or be- cause of quota requirements. Men itio io not qualify for their first preference are interviewed and recommended for pilot training only if they state a desire for such training. February 19hh kh-12 Psychological Branch, Research Division Office of the Air Surgeon, USAAF SOME OF THE CADETS IN PILOT TRAINING ARE MEN WHO WERE RECOMMENDED BY THE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH UNITS FOR BOMBARDIER OR NAVIGATOR TRAINING THE ELIMINATION RATE IS ALMOST TWICE AS HIGH AMONG CADETS IN PILOT TRAIN- ING WHO WERE RECOMMENDED FOR BOMBARDIER OR NAVIGATOR TRAINING AS AMONG THOSE WHO WERE RECOMMENDED FOR PILOT TRAINING The height of the bar indicates the proporti*. n of cadets in pilot train- ing who were recommesnded by the Psychological Research Units for each type > f training, No. of Men PRU He ommendation Percent Eliminated in Primary Pilot Training Pilot 1M?0 30# Bombardier 1,1*25 61% Navigator 1,61*7 SS%\ \ Total 17,3l»2 35?( The length of the bar indicates the proportion of those cadets recommended for each type of training who were eliminated in primary pilot training These data are from Classes ii3-F, G, and H. Elimination is for flying deficiency,, fear, and own request. February 191*1* lili-lh Psychological Branch, Research Division Office of the .Air Surgeon TJSAAF PILOT STANINES INDICATE THE PROBABILITY OF SUCCESS IN PILOT TRAINING In the following section are shown the results of pilot stanine scores in predicting success in Primary, Basic, and Advanced training. Other charts show the relation of original pilot stanincs to transition training on twc and four-engine bombers, the relation of stanines to number of hits in fixed gunnery, and the relation of stanines to flying accidents. The aptitude testing program has boon outstandingly successful. In the face of manpower shortages and great acceleration in the train- ing program, the present standards for accepting Aviation Cadets in- sure that Aviation Cadets classified for pilot training possess excep- tionally high aptitude for learning to fly. X HAP A high Pilot STAIHH£ THE HIGHER THE PILOT STANINE THE GREATER THE CHANCES OF SUCCESS IN PRIMARY PILOT TRAINING Pilot Stanin© No„ of Men Percent Eliminated in Primary Pilot Training 9 9,U37 5* 8 9, Ha 10* 7 1U,193 16* 6 17,366 2k% 5 19,170 3h% U 1U,523 ho% 3 8,968 57* 2 1,955 69* 1 05U 78* < Total 95,607 29* The bars indicate the proportions eliminated at each pilot stanine. Elimination is for flying deficiency, fear, and own request. Flying experience credit is included in the stanine score. The data are froji Classes U3~F, G, K, X, J, and K and hh~A, B, and C at all training commands. Men with low atanine scores are now disqualified for pilot training; most of the men with low stanines included in the chart entered primary schools early in 19h3> February, 19UU kh~ 18 Psychological Branch, Research Division Office of the Air Surgeon, USAAF THE HIGHER THE PILOT APTITUDE SCORE, THE GREATER THE CHANCES OF SUCCESS IN BASIC PILOT TRAINING Pilot Apt. Score Number of Men Percent Eliminated in Basic Pilot Training 9 2690 S% 8 2596 8$ 7 3901 10% 6 U66l 13% 5 U629 m h 3139 20% 3 1660 25$ 2 U86 21% 1 131 2k% Total 2U»093 lh% The bars Indicate the proportions eliminated at each Pilot Aptitude Score. Included is elimination for flying deficiency, fear, and am request. Flying experience credit is included in the aptitude score. The total of 2u,093 cases are from Classes I*3~F,G,H, and I, basic training, at all three training centers. 18 December 19h3 Psychological Branch, Research Division Office of the Air Surgeon, USAAF CADETS WHO ENTER PRIMARY PILOT TRAINING WITH LOW STANINES HAVE A VERY SMALL CHANGE OF LASTING .THROUGH BASIC TRAINING; THOSE WHO ENTER PRIMARY WITH HIGH STANINES HAVE A VERY GOOD CHANCE OF GETTING THROUGH BASIC Pilot Stanine IIIIPII Graduates from basic training pjSji8fe| Elimlnees from Primary and basic training for all reasons The total height of each bar represents the number of men at each stanine who entered primary schools. The red area of each bar represents the num- ber who were eliminated either in primary or basic training; the blue area of each bar represents the number who graduated from basic. Results are based on 38,9U6 cases in Classes U3~F, 0, H, and X at all throe training commands. Elimination is for flying deficiency, fear, and own request. January, 19U1* Psychological Branch, Research Division Office of the Air Surgeon, USAAF RELATION OF PILOT APTITUDE SCORE TO ELIMINATION IN ADVANCED TRAINING 1682 Aviation Cadets Pilot Apt Score Total No, Percent Eliminated in Advanced Pilot Training 9 263 2*1 5 189 3*1 7 25U 3*1 6 367 2*| 5 290 U*| It 217 10*1 3 72 6% | 2 25 h% | 1 5 0% Soto: These data are from Class 1*3-0 Southeast, single engine and twin engine training combined. Elimination is for flying deficiency. Experience- credit is included. 16 November 19l*3 Psychological Branch, Research Division Office of the Air Surgeon, U5AAF RELATION OF PILOT APTITUDE SCORES TO UNSATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE IN TWO-ENGINE AND FOUR-ENGINE TRANSITION TRAINING 2902 Pilots Pilot Apt. Score No- of Pilots Percent Unsatisfactory in Transition Training 7,8,9 1X51 14-2*1 li,5,6 151i4 8-8* 1,2,3 237 13 5* These data are from Classes Ij-D, F, and G; all transition training schools. 20 November 191*3 Psychological Branch, Research Division Office of the Air Surgeon, USAAF CADETS WITH HIGH PILOT STANINES MAKE A LARGER PERCENTAGE OF HITS IN FIXED GUNNERY AIR-TO-AIR FIRING THAN CADETS V.TTH LOW PILOT STANINES No. of Men Pilot Stanine Median Percentage of Hits in Fixed Gunnery Air-to-Air Firing 7,8,9 172 3k% 14,5,6 eoo 30% 1,2,3 51 26*| ( Total 523 31* Phe length of the bar indicates the average percentage of hits scored by cadets at each stanine level. rhese data are from Class single-engine training at four southeast advanced flying schools. Experience credit is not included. February Psychological Branch, Research Division Office of the Air Surgeon, USAAF THERE IS A SUBSTANTIALLY GREATER COST IN ACCIDENTS PER 100 GRADUATES FROM PRIMARY PILOT TRAINING AMONG CADETS WITH LOW PILOT STANINSS THAN AMONG CADETS WITH HIGH PILOT STANINE3 Pilot St mine Total No, Ken Total No. Grads. No* Accidents par 100 Graduates of Primary Pilot Training 7,8,9 2388 2572 2*60 U,5,6 1(673 3293 5.28 1,2,3 lU7i( Tl3 8.27 < Total 9035 6578 U.56 The length of the bar indicates the number of accidents per 100 graduates at each pilot stanine. These data are from West Coast Glasses U3-D, E, P, and G. February 19uU hh~l6 Psychological Branch, Research Division Office of the Air Surgeon, USAAF THERE IS A VERY SLIGHT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCORE ON THE ARMY GENERAL CLASSIFICATION TEST AND SUCCESS IN PILOT TRAINING No. of Men AGCT Aptitude Percent Eliminated in Primary, Basic, or Advanced Pilot Training 9 31 37% 8 53 37% 7 92 36* 6 130 to* s iss un h 130 to* 3 92 i*7* 2 53 i*l* i 3i to* Total 76!* U3* The above data are for a group of enlisted men trained as Sergeant Pilots in Class AGCT scores, obtained from the Form 20, were divided into nine groups with highest AGCT scores rated 9 and lowest scores 1, to make them comparable with pilot stanino scores. The length of the bars indi- cates the proportion of men at each AGCT level who were eliminated in primary, basic, or advanced training because’of flying deficiency, fear, own request, etc. February, 19to to-19 Psychological Branch, Research Division Office of the Air Surgeon, USAAF BOMBARDIER AND NAVIGATOR STANINSS PREDICT SUCCESS IN THESE SPECIALTIES In tiie following section are shown the results of Navigator and of Bombardier Staninee in predicting success in Bombardier and Navi- gator training. 1 Results of selection procedures for these specialties have been very satisfactory* Data are presented comparing cadets assigned directly to Bombardier or Navigator training with cadets who have been eliminated from Pilot training and re-assigned to Bombardier or Navigator training. x Had a HI&H HA VI GATOR STAMlHE THE HIGHER THE BOMBARDIER STANINE THE GREATER THE CHANGES OF SUCCESS IN ADVANCED BOMBARDIER TRAINING No. of Men Bombardier Stanine Percent Eliminated in Advanced Bombardier Training 9 167 n 8 357 13* 7 76? 11* 6 1388 17* 5 610 22/tj 1* 198 26*| 3 182 31*j 2 179 29*| 1 12 50s| Total 1522 19* The bars indicate the proportion eliminated at each bombardier stanine. Data for eliminated pilots and new aviation cadets are combined for Classes l|3-8, 9, 10, and 11 at eight bombardier schools. Elimination, is for unsatisfactory progress, fear, and own request. February 19irb. Uk~2C Psychological Branch, Research Division Office of the Air Surgeon, USMF THERE IS NO CONSISTENT DIFFERENCE IN LIKELIHOOD OF SUCCESS IN BOMBARDIER TRAINING BETWEEN NEW AVIATION CADETS WHO GO INTO BOMBARDIER TRAINING AND MEN WITH THE SAME STANINE WHO TAKE UP BOMBARDIER TRAINING AFTER BEING ELIMINATED AS PILOTS No. of Men Bomb. S tanine Percent Eliminated in Advanced Bombardier Training 81 7* 86 7% a 193 131 161* 12% ? 1*1*5 11% 321* 11* , 83J* 16* 571* 18* c 116 22* 521* 22* ,, 52 23* 1*1.6 26* . 3 33 1*2* ' 1*1*9 31* • 2 30 27*| 11*9 30*| i 57*S 35 1*9*1 L ■ Total 1*522 19* IliSlI 1771 Eliminated Pilots . 2751 New Aviation Cadets.’ The bars indicate the proportions eliminated at each bombardier stanine score for eliminated pilots reassigned to bombardier training and for new Aviation Cadets, Results are based on Eombardiei Glasses U3~8, 9, 10* and 11 at all training commands. January, 19uU Psychological Branch, Research Division Off? Ce Of a n.~~.Vr JTC MW THE HIGHER THE NAVIGATOR STANINE, THE GREATER THE CHANCES OF SUCCESS IN ADVANCED NAVIGATOR TRAINING No. of Men Nav. Stanine Percent Eliminated in Advanced Navigator Training 9 552 3% 8 708 72 1 895 lh% 6 969 23% 5 587 36$ 1~U 66 552 Total 3777 17* The bars indicate the proportions eliminated at each navigator stanine score* Elimination is for flying deficiency, fear, and own request. Both new Aviation Cadets and eliminated pilots are included; Results are based on Classes U3-8, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 111 at all training commands January 19UU Psychological Branch, Research Division Office of the Air Surgeon, USAAF NEW AVIATION CADETS WHO GO INTO NAVIGATOR TRAINING ARE SOMEWHAT MORE LIKELY TO SUCCEED THAN MEN WITH THE SAME STANINE WHO TAKE UP NAVIGATOR TRAINING AFTER BEING ELIMINATED AS PILOTS No.. of Men Nav. Stanine Percent Eliminated in Advanced Navigator Training 133 5* 323 ii* 221* 10* 8 1*37 8* 338 20* 7 51*1 16* 377 32* 6 611 27* 5 and » *** below 3?3 I rotal 3376 20£ HH 1091 Eliminated Pilots |PI|J 2285 New Aviation Cadets The bars indicate the proportions eliminated at each navigator stanin® score for eliminated pilots reassigned to navigator training and for new Aviation Cadets. Results are based on Navigator Classes 1*3=12, 13, and ll* at all training commands. January 191*1* Psychological Branch, Research Division Office of the Air Surgeon, USAAF THE HIGHER THE AVERAGE STANINE SCORE OF A NAVIGATOR CUSS THE LOWER THI ELIMINATION RATE TENDS TO BE Class U3~6 Avo Stanine 6u6i* % Elim. 23.8 Glass U3~7 Av. Stanine 5.89 % Elim. 3U.3 Class U3~8 Av. Stanine 7,23 % Elim. . 13.6 Percent of Total Group Class 1*3-9 Av. Stanine 6-92 % Elim. 1?.0 Stanine Score These data are from Navigator Classes u3~6, 7, 8, and 9 at Mather Field. In the top four charts, the height of each bar indicates the proportion of the class having that stanine score. In the bottom chart, the height of each bar represents the proportion of the class eliminated; and the classes have been arranged in order of percent eliminated. It will be noted that as the average stsnine score of a class increases, as indicated under each bar in the bottom chart and by larger pi©portions at the high stanines in the top four charts, the percent eliminated goes down. Jnrusry, IS^'v J.W J ' V.' £• «>ii~ V U.- WN. .i ‘V* J • 2 -J ~*'f • i* J«- tf -3* *Oi A- Office of tlie Air Surgeon, USAAF